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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n1167c2r.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-hero\" data-layout=\"compact\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-title-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-theme-toggle\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Appearance of this page\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"light\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Light<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"dark\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Dark<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"auto\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Auto<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-folio\" aria-label=\"Document reference\"><strong>G-P08 \u00b7 INDEX \u00b7 topics<\/strong>GCRI dossier \u00b7 service level R0<\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-grid\"><div class=\"nx-hero-text\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">In development<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-accent-row\"><span class=\"nx-accent-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span>Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems \u00b7 Topics<\/span><\/div><h1 id=\"nx-title-1\" class=\"nx-hero-title\">Topics<\/h1><p class=\"nx-tagline\">Topics at Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems: the pages in this section are listed below, each with its own scope and status.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/topics\/model-evaluation\/\">Open Model evaluation <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/\">Back to Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems<\/a><\/div><dl class=\"nx-facts\"><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Publisher<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Field<\/dt><dd>Artificial intelligence, Data and compute<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Status<\/dt><dd>In development<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Service level<\/dt><dd>R0: information and enquiries<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section> <nav class=\"nx-index-strip\" data-nx-spy=\"true\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><a href=\"#nx-sec-brief-answer\"><span>01<\/span>The short answer<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-about-this-section\"><span>02<\/span>Topics at Artificial Intelligence\u2026<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-pg-map-of-topics\"><span>03<\/span>How the AI topics connect<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-terms\"><span>04<\/span>Terms used on this page<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-pg-sources\"><span>05<\/span>Where this page's references lead<\/a><a href=\"#nx-s-7-sec\"><span>06<\/span>Pages in Topics<\/a><\/div><\/nav> <section id=\"nx-sec-brief-answer\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">In brief<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The short answer.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems topics are the eight subject dossiers of its field, among them model evaluation, agentic systems and AI cyber security. Each dossier sets out how the risk develops, what is measured and in which units, the public sources and their licences, the methods, who decides and the limits of the evidence.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-about-this-section\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">About this section<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Topics at Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">GCRI is a research, development and policy institution. It is not a regulator, and it does not certify, license or approve; its findings carry their methods and uncertainty.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-map-of-topics\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"project\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">How the topics fit<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How the AI topics connect.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">The topics run from model evaluation and agents through security, science and public services to physical autonomy, compute and energy, and labour and social effects.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-terms\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Key terms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Terms used on this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Benchmark<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">A fixed set of tasks and scoring rules used to compare model performance.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Excessive agency<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">Granting an AI system more permissions or autonomy than its task requires, an OWASP risk category.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Adversarial example<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">An input deliberately altered to cause a model to make a mistake.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Emulator<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">A machine learning model trained to approximate a more expensive simulation.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Automated decision-making<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">Decisions about people that are made wholly or partly by algorithms, with or without human review.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"project\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page's references lead.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nist.gov\/itl\/ai-risk-management-framework\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span>NIST AI Risk Management Framework<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/81230.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span>ISO\/IEC 42001:2023 Artificial intelligence management system (ISO)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/77304.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span>ISO\/IEC 23894:2023 AI guidance on risk management (ISO)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/oecd.ai\/en\/ai-principles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span>OECD AI Principles<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-7-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Pages<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Pages in Topics.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cards\" data-cols=\"3\"><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/topics\/model-evaluation\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Model evaluation<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Validity, calibration and generalization.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/topics\/agentic-systems\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Agentic systems<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Tool access, delegated authority and safe execution.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/topics\/ai-cyber-security\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">AI cyber security<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Adversarial methods and model exposure.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/topics\/ai-in-science\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">AI in science<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Discovery and reproducibility.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/topics\/ai-and-public-services\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">AI and public services<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Public accountability, access and rights.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/topics\/autonomous-physical-systems\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Autonomous physical systems<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Robots, sensors and controls.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/topics\/compute-and-energy\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Compute and energy<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Compute concentration, efficiency and demand.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/topics\/labour-and-social-effects\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Labour and social effects<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Work, education, public trust and inclusion.<\/p><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-rel-8\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Related<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-rel-8\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Around Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Related\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/about\/\">Mandate and publisher <svg 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aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/programmes\/\">Programmes and projects <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/tools\/\">Data and technical methods <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/\">Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems home <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" 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stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-9\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring your expertise to this field.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The current service level is R0: information and enquiries. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"mailto:contact@therisk.global?subject=Artificial%20Intelligence%20and%20Autonomous%20Systems%3A%20Topics\">Write to the team <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"DefinedTermSet\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/topics\/#terms\",\"name\":\"Key terms: Topics\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/topics\/#webpage\"},\"hasDefinedTerm\":[{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Benchmark\",\"description\":\"A fixed set of tasks and scoring rules used to compare model performance.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/topics\/#terms\"}},{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Excessive agency\",\"description\":\"Granting an AI system more permissions or autonomy than its task requires, an OWASP risk category.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/topics\/#terms\"}},{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Adversarial example\",\"description\":\"An input deliberately altered to cause a model to make a mistake.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/topics\/#terms\"}},{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Emulator\",\"description\":\"A machine learning model trained to approximate a more expensive simulation.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/topics\/#terms\"}},{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Automated decision-making\",\"description\":\"Decisions about people that are made wholly or partly by algorithms, with or without human review.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/topics\/#terms\"}}]}]}<\/script>\n\n<!-- nx-rev:d9cd50430b2ba085 -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>LightDarkAuto G-P08 \u00b7 INDEX \u00b7 topicsGCRI dossier \u00b7 service level R0 GCRI\u00b7Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems\u00b7In development Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems \u00b7 Topics Topics Topics at Artificial Intelligence and &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/topics\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Topics&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":293,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_buddyx_sub_header_visibility":"","_buddyx_sub_header_title_visibility":"","_hide_show_side_panel":"","_buddyxpro_page_sidebar":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_header":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_footer":"","_buddyxpro_page_content_width":"","_buddyxpro_page_header_style":"","_buddyxpro_page_color_mode":"","_buddyxpro_page_loader":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-78","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/78","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=78"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/78\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":202,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/78\/revisions\/202"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ai-autonomous-systems\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}