{"id":162,"date":"2026-10-13T10:54:11","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T10:54:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/?page_id=162"},"modified":"2026-10-13T15:56:49","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T15:56:49","slug":"earth-observation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/earth-observation\/","title":{"rendered":"Earth observation for biodiversity"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- Nexus network page \u00b7 https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/earth-observation\/ \u00b7 source template \u00b7 generated by integrations\/wordpress\/network\/build.mjs, never edit this file --><script type=\"text\/x-nexus\" class=\"_iub_cs_skip\" id=\"nxe-fig-engine\" 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auto;padding:0 16px;font-family:ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,\"Segoe UI\",sans-serif;line-height:1.55;overflow-wrap:break-word}#nxe-n1kqr1ir.nxe :where(*,*::before,*::after){box-sizing:inherit}#nxe-n1kqr1ir.nxe :where(section,header,footer,nav,aside){display:block;margin:0 0 32px}#nxe-n1kqr1ir.nxe :where(h1,h2,h3,h4){line-height:1.2;margin:24px 0 12px;font-weight:600}#nxe-n1kqr1ir.nxe :where(p,ul,ol,dl,table,figure,details){margin:0 0 16px}#nxe-n1kqr1ir.nxe :where(ul,ol){padding-left:20px}#nxe-n1kqr1ir.nxe a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}#nxe-n1kqr1ir.nxe table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;display:block;overflow-x:auto}#nxe-n1kqr1ir.nxe :where(th,td){padding:6px 8px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:inherit}#nxe-n1kqr1ir.nxe svg{display:none}#nxe-n1kqr1ir.nxe svg.nx-i{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:-3px}#nxe-n1kqr1ir.nxe :where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n1kqr1ir.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-hero\" data-layout=\"protocol\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-title-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-theme-toggle\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Appearance of this page\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"light\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Light<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"dark\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Dark<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"auto\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Auto<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-folio\" aria-label=\"Document reference\"><strong>G05 \u00b7 METHOD \u00b7 earth-observation<\/strong>GCRI dossier \u00b7 service level R0<\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-grid\"><div class=\"nx-hero-text\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Established<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-accent-row\"><span class=\"nx-accent-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span>Method page \u00b7 Earth observation and remote sensing<\/span><\/div><h1 id=\"nx-title-1\" class=\"nx-hero-title\">Earth observation for biodiversity<\/h1><p class=\"nx-tagline\">Satellites observe forests, wetlands, coasts and the ocean surface repeatedly and across borders, which field surveys cannot. Earth observation maps ecosystem extent, change and some aspects of condition, and it gives a consistent record for places where no one monitors on the ground.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/\">Back to STEM foundation of Biodiversity Nexus<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-lv-steps\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Protocol<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">6 steps<\/span><\/div><ol><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-brief-answer\"><span class=\"nx-lv-steps-n\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-steps-t\">In brief<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-steps-d\">The short answer<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-application\"><span class=\"nx-lv-steps-n\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-steps-t\">Application<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-steps-d\">What earth observation and remote sensing does here<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-terms\"><span class=\"nx-lv-steps-n\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-steps-t\">Key terms<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-steps-d\">Terms used on this page<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-canvas\"><span class=\"nx-lv-steps-n\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-steps-t\">Canvas<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-steps-d\">The method as a run graph<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-data\"><span class=\"nx-lv-steps-n\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-steps-t\">Data<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-steps-d\">What the method consumes<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-checks\"><span class=\"nx-lv-steps-n\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-steps-t\">Validation<\/span><span class=\"nx-lv-steps-d\">How results are checked<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-register-foot\">GCRI \u00b7 Established \u00b7 service level R0<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section> <nav class=\"nx-index-strip\" data-nx-spy=\"true\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><a href=\"#nx-sec-brief-answer\"><span>01<\/span>The short answer<\/a><a href=\"#nx-s-3-sec\"><span>02<\/span>Earth observation run, in outline<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-application\"><span>03<\/span>What earth observation and remote\u2026<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-terms\"><span>04<\/span>Terms used on this page<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-field\"><span>05<\/span>Landscapes and remoteness in Pacific\u2026<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-canvas\"><span>06<\/span>The method as a run graph<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-data\"><span>07<\/span>What the method consumes<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-checks\"><span>08<\/span>How results are checked<\/a><\/div><\/nav> <section id=\"nx-sec-brief-answer\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">In brief<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The short answer.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Earth observation for ecosystems is the use of satellite and airborne sensors to map ecosystem extent, change and aspects of condition across borders and over decades. It detects forest loss and disturbance, tracks wetlands and mangroves, and measures vegetation structure with lidar where no one monitors on the ground.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-3-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Console<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Earth observation run, in outline.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The working screen behind this method: its structure, terms and states. Names are placeholders and values illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-biodiversity-method-eo\" data-cx=\"biodiversity.method-eo\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Earth observation run: illustrative console with placeholder names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Earth observation run<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">Biodiversity \u00b7 Earth observation for biodiversity \u00b7 Run R-8579<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure's values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"info\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Scene processing<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GCRI \u00b7 Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"map\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Acquisition<\/h4><p class=\"nx-fk-panel-sub\">revisit and swath<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-map\"><svg class=\"nx-cx-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 480 250\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Acquisition: schematic on placeholder geography. Illustrative.\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"cx-sea\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\" rx=\"4\"\/><path class=\"cx-land\" d=\"M0 250 L0 180 Q 240 125 480 180 L 480 250 Z\"\/><path class=\"cx-orbit\" d=\"M0 110 Q 240 12 480 110\"\/><path class=\"cx-orbit\" d=\"M0 75 Q 240 -2 480 75\"\/><rect class=\"cx-site\" x=\"91\" y=\"85\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" rx=\"1\" transform=\"rotate(45 96 90)\"\/><text class=\"cx-lbl-s\" x=\"106\" y=\"94\" text-anchor=\"start\">SAT-1<\/text><rect class=\"cx-site-hot\" x=\"259\" y=\"50\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" rx=\"1\" transform=\"rotate(45 264 55)\"\/><text class=\"cx-lbl-s\" x=\"274\" y=\"59\" text-anchor=\"start\">SAT-2<\/text><rect class=\"cx-site\" x=\"388.6\" y=\"95\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" rx=\"1\" transform=\"rotate(45 393.6 100)\"\/><text class=\"cx-lbl-s\" x=\"403.6\" y=\"104\" text-anchor=\"start\">SAT-3<\/text><rect class=\"cx-site\" x=\"163\" y=\"32.5\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" rx=\"1\" transform=\"rotate(45 168 37.5)\"\/><text class=\"cx-lbl-s\" x=\"178\" y=\"41.5\" text-anchor=\"start\">SAT-4<\/text><path class=\"cx-swath\" d=\"M234 165 L264 60 L294 165 Z\"\/><text class=\"cx-lbl-s\" x=\"240\" y=\"236\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Swath over the area of interest<\/text><g class=\"cx-north\"><path d=\"M458 30 L463 18 L468 30 Z\"\/><text class=\"cx-lbl-s\" x=\"463\" y=\"42\" text-anchor=\"middle\">N<\/text><\/g><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Accuracy assessment<\/h4><p class=\"nx-fk-panel-sub\">stratified sample<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-biodiversity-method-eo-t1\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-biodiversity-method-eo-t1\" aria-label=\"Accuracy assessment\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Class<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">User's<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">Producer's<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">Samples<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-method-eo:r1-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Water<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"91\">91<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"97\">97<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"96\">96<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-method-eo:r1-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Cropland<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"89\">89<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"87\">87<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"287\">287<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-method-eo:r1-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Built-up<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"82\">82<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"79\">79<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"124\">124<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-method-eo:r1-3\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Forest<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"91\">91<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"88\">88<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"103\">103<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"steps\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Processing chain<\/h4><\/div><\/div><ol class=\"nx-cx-steps\" data-n=\"6\"><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Acquire<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">L1<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Calibrate<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">radiometric<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Correct<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">atmospheric<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Mask<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">cloud \u00b7 shadow<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"now\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Classify<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">Earth\u2026<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"todo\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Validate<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">ground truth<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Earth observation run: the screen's structure, terms and states for Biodiversity.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Placeholder names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-application\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Application<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What earth observation and remote sensing does here.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Earth observation and remote sensing gather information about the Earth's surface and atmosphere from airborne and spaceborne sensors. They provide consistent, repeatable measurements over areas that are hard to monitor on the ground. In biodiversity and nature, climate and hazards and oceans and coasts, earth observation maps exposure, damage and environmental change across borders and sectors. It supports rapid assessment after disasters and long-term monitoring of risk drivers. The canonical description is on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/earth-observation\/\">the STEM Commons<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cols\"><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M13 7 9 3 5 7l4 4\"\/><path d=\"m17 11 4 4-4 4-4-4\"\/><path d=\"m8 12 4 4 6-6-4-4Z\"\/><path d=\"m16 8 3-3\"\/><path d=\"M9 21a6 6 0 0 0-6-6\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Forest loss and disturbance alerts<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Landsat, Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 time series are classified to map annual loss and near-real-time disturbance, with radar used where cloud blocks optical sensors.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M7 16.3c2.2 0 4-1.83 4-4.05 0-1.16-.57-2.26-1.71-3.19S7.29 6.75 7 5.3c-.29 1.45-1.14 2.84-2.29 3.76S3 11.1 3 12.25c0 2.22 1.8 4.05 4 4.05z\"\/><path d=\"M12.56 6.6A10.97 10.97 0 0 0 14 3.02c.5 2.5 2 4.9 4 6.5s3 3.5 3 5.5a6.98 6.98 0 0 1-11.91 4.97\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Wetland and mangrove dynamics<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Radar and optical time series track flooding regimes, wetland extent and mangrove change, separating seasonal variation from conversion.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m12.83 2.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 6.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.83l8.58 3.91a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0l8.58-3.9a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.83Z\"\/><path d=\"m22 17.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 17.65\"\/><path d=\"m22 12.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 12.65\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Vegetation structure and condition<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Spaceborne lidar and radar estimate canopy height and biomass, and spectral indices track phenology and stress as proxies for ecosystem condition.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-terms\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Key terms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Terms used on this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Spaceborne lidar<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">A laser instrument in orbit, such as GEDI, that measures canopy height and vertical structure.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Disturbance alert<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">A near-real-time satellite signal of forest change, such as GLAD or RADD alerts, needing confirmation.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Land cover change<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">A change in the physical cover of the land surface, such as forest to cropland, detected between dates.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Landscapes and remoteness in Pacific Island states.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Mountain ranges, deserts, wetlands, glaciers and reefs, and how remote each division is from large cities, shown for Pacific Island states as an example geography for this subject.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-map nx-cmap\" data-nx-map=\"ctx\" data-cmap=\"pacific-islands:biodiversity\" data-ramp=\"green\" data-basis=\"case\" data-focus=\"0 0 2000 1240|85 156 383 607|364 375 869 602|1301 794 1496 928|733 943 923 1075\"><figure class=\"nx-fk\" data-fk=\"map-pacific-islands-biodiversity\" data-ramp=\"green\" 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\"><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Mountain ranges, deserts, wetlands, glaciers and reefs, and how remote each division is from large cities.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Indicator derived from Natural Earth at map scale; a screening view, not an assessment.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/stem\/earth-observation\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Biodiversity Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-map-hud\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 Biodiversity Nexus \u00b7 field<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-map-hud-right\">DESIGN FIGURE<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-canvas\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Canvas<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The method as a run graph.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Data from the source register feeds the methods; calibration and an independent test gate the estimate and its limits; the decision stays with the competent authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-plate\" data-wide=\"true\"><div class=\"nx-plate-label\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Method canvas<\/strong> \u00b7 Earth observation and remote sensing as applied here<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Design, not a record<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-figure-frame\" data-scene=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-figure nx-ui nx-dag\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 564\" data-nx-dag=\"true\" data-w=\"1200\" data-h=\"564\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-dag-g05-stem-earth-observation-eo-t nx-dag-g05-stem-earth-observation-eo-d\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><title id=\"nx-dag-g05-stem-earth-observation-eo-t\">Earth observation and remote sensing in Biodiversity Nexus: Earth observation processing chain<\/title><desc id=\"nx-dag-g05-stem-earth-observation-eo-d\">Acquisitions are calibrated and corrected into analysis-ready data, masked for cloud, analysed for change and validated against ground truth before the product reaches its user. Design of the process, not a record of a run.<\/desc><\/svg><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-caption\"><strong>Fig. 01<\/strong><span>Nodes carry their type, metrics and state; connectors show what feeds what; the gates are the validation steps; the timeline is one application. Design of the method's use, not a record of a run.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-data\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What the method consumes.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Datasets and records used by earth observation and remote sensing on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/research\/sources\/\">the source register<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"register\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Data<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Landsat and Sentinel-2 optical imagery<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Land cover and change<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Sentinel-1 and ALOS PALSAR radar<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Forest and wetland mapping through cloud<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">GEDI spaceborne lidar<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Canopy height and structure<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Copernicus Marine ocean colour and temperature<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Marine productivity and heat stress<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">ESA WorldCover<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Land cover baseline<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"data\" data-nxf-kind=\"data\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/stem\/earth-observation\/#data\" data-nxf-title=\"Method record\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/stem\/earth-observation\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-checks\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Validation<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How results are checked.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Products are assessed against ground reference data using accuracy matrices and independent samples. Cross-calibration between sensors checks consistency over time.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Check<\/th><th scope=\"col\">How it is done<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Accuracy assessment with area estimation<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Maps are scored against a probability sample of reference points, and areas are adjusted for classification error<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Cross-sensor consistency<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Trends are checked across sensors and processing versions before they are reported<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Field calibration<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Structure and condition proxies are calibrated against inventory plots<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Coverage reporting<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Cloud, revisit gaps and missing scenes are reported as no data, not as no change<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Clouds, revisit gaps and mixed pixels limit what can be observed. Changes in sensors and processing can create artificial trends.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-connections\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connections<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Topics that rely on this method.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/ecosystem-integrity\/\"><span>Ecosystem integrity<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/species-and-genetic-diversity\/\"><span>Species and genetic diversity<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/forest-and-landscapes\/\"><span>Forests and landscapes<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/wetlands-and-freshwater\/\"><span>Wetlands and freshwater<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/coastal-marine-biodiversity\/\"><span>Coastal and marine biodiversity<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/restoration-and-nature-based-solutions\/\"><span>Restoration and nature-based solutions<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/nature-data-rights\/\"><span>Nature data and rights<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-stewardship\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Stewardship<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who maintains the method.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/space-earth-observation\/\">Space and Earth Observation<\/a> stewards earth observation and remote sensing for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/earth-observation\/\">Canonical page: Earth observation and remote sensing<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-12-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connected<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page leads across the Consortium.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/earth-observation\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Canonical method page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Earth observation and remote sensing<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Platform application links to the canonical method page.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/space-earth-observation\/stem\/earth-observation\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Steward platform<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Earth observation methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Space and Earth Observation stewards this method.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-13-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>What are the limits of earth observation and remote sensing in this field?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Clouds, revisit gaps and mixed pixels limit what can be observed. Changes in sensors and processing can create artificial trends.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How are results checked?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Products are assessed against ground reference data using accuracy matrices and independent samples. Cross-calibration between sensors checks consistency over time.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Are the values on this page real?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. The canvas shows a design of the method's use, not a run; no result is reported here.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Where else is this method applied?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/earth-observation\/\">canonical method page<\/a> lists every platform that applies it.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-rel-14\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Related<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-rel-14\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Around Biodiversity Nexus.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Related\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/ecology\/\">Ecology and biodiversity science <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/spatial-statistics\/\">Spatial statistics for biodiversity <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/geospatial\/\">Geospatial analysis for biodiversity <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/complex-systems\/\">Complex systems in ecology <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/causal-inference\/\">Impact evaluation for conservation <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/hydrology\/\">Hydrology for ecosystems <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/\">Biodiversity Nexus home <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/counterparts\/\">Counterparts across the Consortium <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/\">The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation home <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/trust\/\">GCRI governance and trust <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-15\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring your expertise to this field.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The current service level is R0: information and enquiries. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"mailto:contact@therisk.global?subject=Biodiversity%20Nexus%3A%20Earth%20observation%20for%20biodiversity\">Write to the team <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/earth-observation\/#faq\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/earth-observation\/#webpage\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What are the limits of earth observation and remote sensing in this field?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Clouds, revisit gaps and mixed pixels limit what can be observed. 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