{"id":173,"date":"2026-10-13T10:56:45","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T10:56:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/?page_id=173"},"modified":"2026-10-13T16:02:56","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T16:02:56","slug":"forest-and-landscapes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/forest-and-landscapes\/","title":{"rendered":"Forests and landscapes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- Nexus network page \u00b7 https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/forest-and-landscapes\/ \u00b7 source authored \u00b7 generated by integrations\/wordpress\/network\/build.mjs, never edit this file --><script type=\"text\/x-nexus\" class=\"_iub_cs_skip\" id=\"nxe-fig-engine\" 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auto;padding:0 16px;font-family:ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,\"Segoe UI\",sans-serif;line-height:1.55;overflow-wrap:break-word}#nxe-n3u81kdx.nxe :where(*,*::before,*::after){box-sizing:inherit}#nxe-n3u81kdx.nxe :where(section,header,footer,nav,aside){display:block;margin:0 0 32px}#nxe-n3u81kdx.nxe :where(h1,h2,h3,h4){line-height:1.2;margin:24px 0 12px;font-weight:600}#nxe-n3u81kdx.nxe :where(p,ul,ol,dl,table,figure,details){margin:0 0 16px}#nxe-n3u81kdx.nxe :where(ul,ol){padding-left:20px}#nxe-n3u81kdx.nxe a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}#nxe-n3u81kdx.nxe table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;display:block;overflow-x:auto}#nxe-n3u81kdx.nxe :where(th,td){padding:6px 8px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:inherit}#nxe-n3u81kdx.nxe svg{display:none}#nxe-n3u81kdx.nxe svg.nx-i{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:-3px}#nxe-n3u81kdx.nxe :where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n3u81kdx.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-hero\" data-layout=\"dag\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-title-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-theme-toggle\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Appearance of this page\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"light\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Light<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"dark\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Dark<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"auto\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Auto<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-folio\" aria-label=\"Document reference\"><strong>G05 \u00b7 TOPIC \u00b7 forest-and-landscapes<\/strong>GCRI dossier \u00b7 service level R0<\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-grid\"><div class=\"nx-hero-text\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Established<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-accent-row\"><span class=\"nx-accent-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span>Topic dossier \u00b7 Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><\/div><h1 id=\"nx-title-1\" class=\"nx-hero-title\">Forests and landscapes<\/h1><p class=\"nx-tagline\">Forests hold most of the world's terrestrial species, store carbon, regulate water and sustain rural livelihoods in every tropical, temperate and boreal region. Their health depends not only on how much forest remains but on how it is arranged: large intact blocks behave differently from fragments separated by farms and roads. This page sets out how forest loss, degradation and fragmentation are measured, how they propagate through landscapes, and what the evidence means for those who govern land use and supply chains.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/\">Back to Topics<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-canvas\"><div class=\"nx-plate\" data-wide=\"true\"><div class=\"nx-plate-label\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Systems<\/strong> \u00b7 around this subject<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Design, not a record<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-figure-frame\" data-scene=\"true\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-biodiversity-condition\" data-cx=\"biodiversity.condition\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Ecosystem condition account: illustrative console with placeholder names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Ecosystem condition account<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">Forests and landscapes \u00b7 Wetland complex \u00b7 Accounting year 5<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure's values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><ul class=\"nx-fk-kpis\" data-n=\"4\"><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Extent change<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k0\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">\u25bc 2<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">pct of opening<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Watch<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k0\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,3L10.2,8.7L18.4,13L26.5,11.8L34.7,12.3L42.9,18.1L51.1,18.3L59.3,18.9L67.5,20.9L75.6,23L83.8,20.8L92,17.6L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,3L10.2,8.7L18.4,13L26.5,11.8L34.7,12.3L42.9,18.1L51.1,18.3L59.3,18.9L67.5,20.9L75.6,23L83.8,20.8L92,17.6\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"17.6\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Condition index<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k1\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">0.56<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">0 to 1<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-d\" data-dir=\"down\" data-good=\"na\">0.03<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Watch<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k1\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,23L10.2,15.2L18.4,7.3L26.5,6.1L34.7,3L42.9,3.7L51.1,7.5L59.3,7.9L67.5,3.8L75.6,6.1L83.8,10.9L92,18.6L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,23L10.2,15.2L18.4,7.3L26.5,6.1L34.7,3L42.9,3.7L51.1,7.5L59.3,7.9L67.5,3.8L75.6,6.1L83.8,10.9L92,18.6\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"18.6\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Species of concern<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k2\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">19<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">recorded<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k2\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,18.7L10.2,15.5L18.4,20.5L26.5,23L34.7,19.7L42.9,17.7L51.1,16.3L59.3,9L67.5,11.8L75.6,16.7L83.8,9.5L92,3L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,18.7L10.2,15.5L18.4,20.5L26.5,23L34.7,19.7L42.9,17.7L51.1,16.3L59.3,9L67.5,11.8L75.6,16.7L83.8,9.5L92,3\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"3\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Restoration under management<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k3\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">353<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">ha<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Normal<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k3\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,14.5L10.2,20.2L18.4,23L26.5,21.8L34.7,15.7L42.9,17.1L51.1,16.1L59.3,14.7L67.5,17.1L75.6,20L83.8,17.2L92,3L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,14.5L10.2,20.2L18.4,23L26.5,21.8L34.7,15.7L42.9,17.1L51.1,16.1L59.3,14.7L67.5,17.1L75.6,20L83.8,17.2L92,3\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"3\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Condition declining<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GCRI \u00b7 Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Condition indicators<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-biodiversity-condition-t1\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-biodiversity-condition-t1\" aria-label=\"Condition indicators\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Indicator<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Opening<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">Closing<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">Reference<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-condition:r1-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Water level regime<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.7\">0.7<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.7\">0.7<\/td><td data-num=\"true\">1.0<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-condition:r1-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Native vegetation cover<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.5\">0.5<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.4\">0.4<\/td><td data-num=\"true\">1.0<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-condition:r1-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Invasive species pressure<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.3\">0.3<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.3\">0.3<\/td><td data-num=\"true\">0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-condition:r1-3\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Connectivity<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.6\">0.6<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.5\">0.5<\/td><td data-num=\"true\">1.0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"chart\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Condition index<\/h4><\/div><\/div><svg class=\"nx-fk-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 460 210\" width=\"460\" height=\"210\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Condition index\" focusable=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" data-fk-chart=\"cx-biodiversity-condition-c2\" data-fk-xs=\"lin,0,23,36,446\" data-fk-ys=\"lin,0,100,180,20\" data-fk-series=\"Measured|ink|l||0:49.4;1:52.7;2:48.3;3:42.7;4:45;5:49.5;6:48;7:48.8;8:46.3;9:40.3;10:42.3;11:40.3;12:42.2;13:44.9;14:47.4;15:46.1;16:40.7;17:37.4;18:40.3;19:37.1;20:30.9;21:30;22:31.2;23:25~Target path|acc|l||0:49;1:51.6;2:53.3;3:48.4;4:47.8;5:43.2;6:43.4;7:43.9;8:44.7;9:40.1;10:40.6;11:41;12:41.9;13:43.4;14:44.4;15:41;16:43.8;17:40.2;18:43;19:41.6;20:44.5;21:44.6;22:47.2;23:47.1\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Ecosystem condition account: the screen's structure, terms and states for Forests and landscapes.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Placeholder names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-caption\"><strong>Fig.<\/strong><span>Ecosystem condition account. Design wireframe with placeholder names and illustrative values, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section> <nav class=\"nx-index-strip\" data-nx-spy=\"true\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><a href=\"#nx-sec-brief-answer\"><span>01<\/span>The short answer<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-field\"><span>02<\/span>Landscapes and remoteness in the\u2026<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-question\"><span>03<\/span>Forests and landscapes: how the risk\u2026<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-terms\"><span>04<\/span>Terms used on this page<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-indicators\"><span>05<\/span>What is measured, and how well<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-pipeline\"><span>06<\/span>From sources to decisions<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-sources\"><span>07<\/span>Where the evidence comes from<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-decisions\"><span>08<\/span>Who decides, and what the evidence\u2026<\/a><\/div><\/nav> <section id=\"nx-sec-brief-answer\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">In brief<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The short answer.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Deforestation is the conversion of forest to another land use, while forest degradation is the loss of a forest's structure, function or species without conversion. Both are measured from satellites and forest inventories, and fragmentation into smaller patches changes how the remaining forest behaves. Commodity supply chains and finance link distant buyers to forest loss.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Landscapes and remoteness in the Hindu Kush Himalaya.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Mountain ranges, deserts, wetlands, glaciers and reefs, and how remote each division is from large cities, shown for the Hindu Kush Himalaya as an example geography for this subject.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-map nx-cmap\" data-nx-map=\"ctx\" data-cmap=\"himalaya:biodiversity\" data-ramp=\"green\" data-basis=\"case\" data-focus=\"0 0 2000 1020|673 0 2000 853|107 284 1812 1020|114 164 608 784|760 644 1257 923\"><figure class=\"nx-fk\" data-fk=\"map-himalaya-biodiversity\" data-ramp=\"green\" 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\"><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Mountain ranges, deserts, wetlands, glaciers and reefs, and how remote each division is from large cities.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Indicator derived from Natural Earth at map scale; a screening view, not an assessment.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/topics\/forest-and-landscapes\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Biodiversity Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-map-hud\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 Biodiversity Nexus \u00b7 field<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-map-hud-right\">DESIGN FIGURE<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-question\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The question<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Forests and landscapes: how the risk develops.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Forest health and landscape fragmentation. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"2\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m12.83 2.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 6.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.83l8.58 3.91a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0l8.58-3.9a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.83Z\"\/><path d=\"m22 17.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 17.65\"\/><path d=\"m22 12.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 12.65\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Clearance and degradation<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Clearing converts forest to other uses; degradation removes trees, structure and species while the land stays classed as forest. Selective logging, fire and fuelwood extraction often precede clearance, so degradation is an early signal of conversion.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M14.106 5.553a2 2 0 0 0 1.788 0l3.659-1.83A1 1 0 0 1 21 4.619v12.764a1 1 0 0 1-.553.894l-4.553 2.277a2 2 0 0 1-1.788 0l-4.212-2.106a2 2 0 0 0-1.788 0l-3.659 1.83A1 1 0 0 1 3 19.381V6.618a1 1 0 0 1 .553-.894l4.553-2.277a2 2 0 0 1 1.788 0z\"\/><path d=\"M15 5.76v15\"\/><path d=\"M9 3.24v15\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Fragmentation and edge effects<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Roads and clearings break forests into smaller patches with more edge. Edges are hotter, drier and windier, raising tree mortality and fire risk, and they isolate species that cannot cross open land.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"4.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m10.2 6.3-3.9 3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"4.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"M7 12h10\"\/><circle cx=\"19.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m13.8 17.7 3.9-3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"19.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Fire, drought and pests compound<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Drought weakens trees, pests and pathogens spread through stressed stands, and dead fuel feeds larger fires. In some regions repeated fire can shift forest toward savanna or shrubland that does not return on its own.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"8\" cy=\"8\" r=\"6\"\/><path d=\"M18.09 10.37A6 6 0 1 1 10.34 18\"\/><path d=\"M7 6h1v4\"\/><path d=\"m16.71 13.88.7.71-2.82 2.82\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Commodity and finance links<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Most tropical clearance is driven by agriculture, including cattle, soy, oil palm, cocoa and wood fibre. Demand travels through traders, processors and lenders, so forest loss is a supply-chain and portfolio risk as well as a local one.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-terms\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Key terms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Terms used on this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Tree cover loss<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">Removal or death of tree canopy detected by satellite, which includes harvest and fire and is not the same as deforestation.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Forest fragmentation<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">The breaking of continuous forest into smaller, more isolated patches with more edge.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Intact forest landscape<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">A large, unbroken expanse of natural forest ecosystems with no remotely detected signs of significant human activity.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Edge effect<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">Changes in microclimate, species and fire risk near the boundary between forest and cleared land.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-indicators\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What is measured, and how well.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each indicator carries its unit, its cadence, the kind of source behind it and the evidence label a value would carry. No values are shown: a programme supplies them under its own authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Tree cover loss<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">hectares per year<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Landsat time-series classification<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Forest area<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">hectares and percent of land area<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">five-yearly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">National forest inventories reported to FAO<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OFFICIAL<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Forest disturbance alerts<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">alerts per square kilometre per week<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">weekly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Optical and radar change detection<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Above-ground biomass<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">tonnes per hectare<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">periodic<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Lidar, radar and inventory plots<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Effective mesh size<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">square kilometres<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">periodic<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Landscape metrics on forest maps<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Burned area<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">hectares per month<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Satellite burned-area products<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Forest loss by driver<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">hectares per year by driver class<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Driver classification of mapped loss<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"indicators\" data-nxf-kind=\"indicator\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/topics\/forest-and-landscapes\/#indicators\" data-nxf-title=\"Indicators\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pipeline\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Canvas<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">From sources to decisions.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The topic as a computational graph: named sources feed the methods, an evidence review gates the outputs, and the decisions stay with the authorities that hold them.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-plate\" data-wide=\"true\"><div class=\"nx-plate-label\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Pipeline canvas<\/strong> \u00b7 Forests and landscapes as a run graph<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Design, not a record<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-figure-frame\" data-scene=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-figure nx-ui nx-dag\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 564\" data-nx-dag=\"true\" data-w=\"1200\" data-h=\"564\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-dag-g05-topics-forest-and-landscapes-leap-t nx-dag-g05-topics-forest-and-landscapes-leap-d\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><title id=\"nx-dag-g05-topics-forest-and-landscapes-leap-t\">Forests and landscapes: the LEAP approach to nature-related issues<\/title><desc id=\"nx-dag-g05-topics-forest-and-landscapes-leap-d\">Locate the interface with nature and sensitive locations, Evaluate dependencies and impacts, Assess the risks and opportunities they create, and Prepare strategy, targets and disclosure. Design of the process, not a record of a run.<\/desc><\/svg><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-caption\"><strong>Fig. 02<\/strong><span>Nodes carry their type, two metric rows and a state; connectors show what feeds what; dashed frames name the owners; the timeline is the cadence. Design of the pipeline, not a record of a run.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-sources\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where the evidence comes from.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Named public datasets and institutional records, each with its licence class. Sources by agreement are used only under their terms and never republished.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it gives<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Global Forest Watch and Global Forest Change (University of Maryland)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Annual tree cover loss and gain mapped from Landsat<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Country-reported forest area, characteristics and management<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">GLAD and RADD forest disturbance alerts<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Near-real-time disturbance alerts from optical and radar imagery<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">GEDI lidar and ESA Climate Change Initiative biomass<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Forest structure and above-ground biomass estimates<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public domain; free and open<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Intact Forest Landscapes<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Mapped large unfragmented forest areas and their reduction over time<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Copernicus Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Radar and optical imagery for monitoring cloud-prone forests<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">National forest inventories<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Plot measurements of species, size, condition and growth<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Terms per agency<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/topics\/forest-and-landscapes\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Sources\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-decisions\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Decisions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who decides, and what the evidence serves.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Biodiversity Nexus prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Who decides<\/th><th scope=\"col\">The question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence this page serves<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Forestry and land-use ministries<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Where to enforce, recognise tenure or restore, and how to report forest reference levels<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Loss, degradation and driver maps with stated accuracy; inventory data<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Competent authorities under deforestation-free supply rules<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Whether a commodity plot was cleared or degraded after the regulatory cut-off date<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Plot-level loss history with alert dates and map accuracy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Commodity buyers and lenders<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Which sourcing regions and clients carry deforestation and conversion risk<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Loss by driver and jurisdiction; fragmentation and fire trends<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Indigenous and community forest governance bodies<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">How to monitor and defend their territories against incursion<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Alerts and loss maps for their lands, held under their own data terms<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-4\">Outputs this topic produces<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Forest loss and degradation maps with accuracy stated<\/li><li>Fragmentation and connectivity layers by landscape<\/li><li>Commodity-driver attribution notes with uncertainty<\/li><li>Evaluation guides for forest protection policies<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Core questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What experts ask.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Forest and landscape ecologists work on questions that cross scales from the tree to the region.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Where is forest being cleared or degraded, and what is driving it in each place?<\/li><li>How healthy are remaining forests in the face of drought, heat, pests and changing fire regimes?<\/li><li>How does fragmentation change edge effects, species movement and the risk of fire and invasion?<\/li><li>Which corridors and stepping stones keep landscapes connected as species shift with climate?<\/li><li>How can farmland, plantations and settlements be arranged to retain ecological function?<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-mechanisms-and-drivers\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanisms and drivers<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Area, arrangement and stress.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Clearing removes habitat outright, but degradation through selective logging, grazing, fire and road building often affects larger areas and is harder to see. Fragmentation splits what remains into smaller patches with more edge. Edges are hotter, drier and windier than interiors, and they let in invasive species, hunters and fire. Small patches support smaller populations that are more prone to local extinction, and isolated patches are less likely to be recolonised.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Climate change adds stress from within. Hotter droughts raise tree mortality, warmer winters let some pests survive and spread, and longer dry seasons lengthen fire seasons. In some regions these pressures combine with fragmentation to create a risk that forest gives way to more open vegetation, with consequences for regional rainfall, water supply and carbon storage.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How the evidence is built, and where it stops.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ol class=\"nx-rows\"><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">01<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Satellite forest monitoring<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Optical and radar imagery map clearing and canopy loss consistently over time. Degradation beneath the canopy and in dry forests is harder to detect.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">02<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Landscape metrics<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Patch size, edge density and connectivity are computed with <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/geospatial\/\">geospatial information systems<\/a>. Metrics depend on map resolution and class definitions.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">03<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Forest inventories and plots<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Permanent plots measure growth, mortality and species. They are the reference for satellite estimates but sparse in many regions.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">04<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Connectivity modelling<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Circuit and least-cost models predict movement routes. They rest on assumed resistance values that are rarely validated.<\/p><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How it is studied, and what the methods cannot say.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-methods\" data-limits=\"true\"><ol class=\"nx-mledger\" aria-label=\"Methods\"><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/earth-observation\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Earth observation and remote sensing<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Forest loss and disturbance alerts \u00b7 Wetland and mangrove dynamics<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/earth-observation\/\" aria-label=\"Earth observation and remote sensing: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/geospatial\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Geospatial information systems<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Overlap with sensitive biodiversity \u00b7 Connectivity and corridor analysis<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/geospatial\/\" aria-label=\"Geospatial information systems: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/spatial-statistics\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Spatial statistics and geostatistics<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Bias-corrected distribution surfaces \u00b7 Hotspots of change and threat<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/spatial-statistics\/\" aria-label=\"Spatial statistics and geostatistics: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/causal-inference\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Causal inference and impact evaluation<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Protected area effectiveness \u00b7 Restoration and payment programme evaluation<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/causal-inference\/\" aria-label=\"Causal inference and impact evaluation: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/ecology\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Ecology and biodiversity science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Species distribution modelling \u00b7 Population trend and viability analysis<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/ecology\/\" aria-label=\"Ecology and biodiversity science: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/complex-systems\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Complex systems and agent-based modelling<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Early warning of regime shifts \u00b7 Food-web and co-extinction networks<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/complex-systems\/\" aria-label=\"Complex systems and agent-based modelling: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-limits\" aria-label=\"What the methods cannot say\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the methods cannot say<\/span><p class=\"nx-limits-text\">Tree cover is not forest: plantations, orchards and regrowth can count as tree cover, and maps differ in their definitions. Degradation is harder to see from space than clearance, and biomass estimates carry wide error. Alerts flag possible change for verification, not confirmed loss. Attributing loss to a commodity rests on classification and modelling. Biodiversity Nexus does not certify supply chains or determine compliance; regulators and certification bodies do.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-14-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>Why do national forest statistics differ from satellite maps?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">They use different definitions and methods. National statistics follow land use and a legal definition of forest; satellite maps record tree cover. Both are valid for their purpose, and the page labels which is which.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is replanting the same as protecting old forest?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. Young and plantation forests store less carbon, hold fewer species and lack the structure of old forest. Regrowth has value, but it does not compensate for losing intact forest on any short timescale.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can satellites detect selective logging?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Partly. Radar and high-resolution optical imagery can detect canopy gaps and logging roads, but low-intensity degradation is often missed. Field inventory and local monitors fill the gap.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is planting trees the same as restoring forest?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. Plantations of a single species can increase tree cover while supporting little biodiversity. Restoration aims to recover structure, composition and function; see <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/restoration-and-nature-based-solutions\/\">Restoration and nature-based solutions<\/a>.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why does fragmentation matter if total forest area is stable?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Because many species need large, connected interiors. The same area split into many small patches supports fewer species and is more exposed to fire and invasion.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can satellite data identify who is clearing forest?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Satellite data shows where and when change happened. Attributing it to a cause or actor needs additional evidence and is outside what the imagery alone can show.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-rel-15\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Related<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-rel-15\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Around Biodiversity Nexus.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Related\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/ecosystem-integrity\/\">Ecosystem integrity <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/species-and-genetic-diversity\/\">Species and genetic diversity <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/wetlands-and-freshwater\/\">Wetlands and freshwater <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/coastal-marine-biodiversity\/\">Coastal and marine biodiversity <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/restoration-and-nature-based-solutions\/\">Restoration and nature-based solutions <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/ecosystem-services\/\">Ecosystem services <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/\">Biodiversity Nexus home <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/counterparts\/\">Counterparts across the Consortium <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/\">The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation home <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/trust\/\">GCRI governance and trust <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-16\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-16\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring your expertise to this field.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The current service level is R0: information and enquiries. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"mailto:contact@therisk.global?subject=Biodiversity%20Nexus%3A%20Forests%20and%20landscapes\">Write to the team <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/forest-and-landscapes\/#faq\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/forest-and-landscapes\/#webpage\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why do national forest statistics differ from satellite maps?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"They use different definitions and methods. 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