{"id":176,"date":"2026-10-13T10:57:38","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T10:57:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/?page_id=176"},"modified":"2026-10-13T16:05:52","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T16:05:52","slug":"species-and-genetic-diversity","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/species-and-genetic-diversity\/","title":{"rendered":"Species and genetic diversity"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- Nexus network page \u00b7 https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/species-and-genetic-diversity\/ \u00b7 source authored \u00b7 generated by integrations\/wordpress\/network\/build.mjs, never edit this file --><script type=\"text\/x-nexus\" class=\"_iub_cs_skip\" id=\"nxe-fig-engine\" 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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-novkme3s.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-hero\" data-layout=\"dossier\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-title-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-theme-toggle\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Appearance of this page\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"light\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Light<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"dark\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Dark<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"auto\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Auto<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-folio\" aria-label=\"Document reference\"><strong>G05 \u00b7 TOPIC \u00b7 species-and-genetic-diversit<\/strong>GCRI dossier \u00b7 service level R0<\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-grid\"><div class=\"nx-hero-text\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Established<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-accent-row\"><span class=\"nx-accent-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span>Topic dossier \u00b7 Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><\/div><h1 id=\"nx-title-1\" class=\"nx-hero-title\">Species and genetic diversity<\/h1><p class=\"nx-tagline\">Species populations and the genetic variation within them are the raw material of every ecosystem and of its capacity to adapt. Extinction is the last step of a long decline, and much of the loss happens earlier, as populations shrink, fragment and lose genetic diversity. This page sets out how populations and extinction risk are observed, how genetic diversity is monitored, and how uneven evidence across species and regions shapes what can be concluded.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/\">Back to Topics<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Dossier<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">G05 \u00b7 topic<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-brief-answer\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">In brief<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Definition and scope<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-question\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">The question<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">4 mechanisms<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-terms\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Key terms<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">4<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-field\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Field<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">H3 field plate<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-indicators\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Indicators<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">7<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-pipeline\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Pipeline<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Run graph<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-sources\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">7<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-decisions\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Decision holders<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">4<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-methods\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">5<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-register-foot\">GCRI \u00b7 Established \u00b7 service level R0<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section> <nav class=\"nx-index-strip\" data-nx-spy=\"true\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><a href=\"#nx-sec-brief-answer\"><span>01<\/span>The short answer<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-field\"><span>02<\/span>Landscapes and remoteness in\u2026<\/a><a href=\"#nx-s-4-sec\"><span>03<\/span>Ecosystem condition account, in\u2026<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-question\"><span>04<\/span>Species and genetic diversity: how\u2026<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-terms\"><span>05<\/span>Terms used on this page<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-indicators\"><span>06<\/span>What is measured, and how well<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-pipeline\"><span>07<\/span>From sources to decisions<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-sources\"><span>08<\/span>Where the evidence comes from<\/a><\/div><\/nav> <section id=\"nx-sec-brief-answer\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">In brief<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The short answer.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Species extinction risk is the probability that a species will disappear within a given time, assessed by the IUCN Red List from population size, decline and range. Extinction is the last step of a long decline: populations shrink, fragment and lose genetic diversity first. Evidence is uneven across species and regions, which limits what can be concluded.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Landscapes and remoteness in Southern Africa.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Mountain ranges, deserts, wetlands, glaciers and reefs, and how remote each division is from large cities, shown for Southern Africa as an example geography for this subject.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-map nx-cmap\" data-nx-map=\"ctx\" data-cmap=\"southern-africa:biodiversity\" data-ramp=\"green\" data-basis=\"case\" data-focus=\"0 0 2000 1400|618 715 1281 1296|381 499 968 1031|1186 209 1657 935|821 82 1345 528\"><figure class=\"nx-fk\" data-fk=\"map-southern-africa-biodiversity\" data-ramp=\"green\" 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VJL3rEYYD\/QB24BFJurtGRYY2G0gGUEo0xcqSn5S5WZ2rrae6orbu9XV3YmEY2172mlybWO8a4dYVD3KCgkuUIvitHESGngQM40V8DkwM1tRM7OVm53WxAb7TpjE3082wvJpAsLZZBo3eByCloowxDZNFXjO4BJh8AK72sK\/D34ZxXlpQa25oqQXx4wYp8I3MrmmhRpZQ+EDDQjnlT2GwllRMJFNYJngyxKODW33wB9m4SYX2zDBh+JqyANw6wC9kj5z+lfkqhYCRvROh3sgiCrLXUn0ODUqiOgHxfDwcMQLIBkgptK8iWndnAJ2Km8PR\/J25WNtaky0cYBnCrYLBDn1a9Fw4cRoqkDpFyLtPZG+np4i+J1EXMMpKppuQFhAnD7iMjKJ\/sxQkUXuuRx9PxTj1GYh\/GTbIHolMjm7Tv7JOlX\/1m93X5jfr3fbd93qaA01NCexqbZtTcz1UGX6eOD2YeQGNODg8lc3Wq6UXkEvDoxfKBUnvhW\/A5wTIBMrVg31KOF\/NJUrLoVYkV7NrqgKFxhkNAGOcbrrYMw58EjqEDx8CaejJgfEDoumGitGAxLe0ZDVSFSCESpooAxJFad9JRGIhmeGZ0uOd7FnEigfgQs6\/WH0YGep2YIlz7rB7MTq+K7bSdJDLykOBjv7hfl3Eebn7\/pjD4BvTzsAZVMtFS+EaGma0tln6d6Hls9QYTABOyYmvY1QYOkLbsDLIs1O+AKt40cEI6DWRxC7159UAvizBqOIyuAz+EW99\/I4enVbxGWEAC18y1UWVhPpNpczmEmArRxFT2sy4wEh3o9ZXHdZozXinc01cg4MwmWy\/bN7NDGuvu5Xu003nHza3CFnOkYpqIM1yaZhH\/8MoirXWO8EtpSgLIAmEbeBl4SLmI1q8hGrQJ+MVQsa7AlyBW5yx+lbqmLYJ48dES87yJ3ngA6cmg6HrExMKACcDh4z+Ud2FpElHisZoINZgjibSPKGO6PxPDjqmyJFWvoVXKSTPcDkyJVy2nnBkZ49Q7DbTz9DNh53hvZbFbNJvhkQUoJ7vCUXRDxcHRIIWdQQFjbcj43xge48E2ZnlZ+yeVFHTyY8yVQ5TUELrWm9H2qk02hIrAQ9Mji4k1C6V9erzFfcUmDeDQIukJ3FAxZo3+KY22gKOUf4xcht1Cqk+7oqnjAfJVI3fyanFg\/S5r4w363vRVn4n3fH7nRTn+ZqdxLybP0Qsc90QmK2TqcDv2Uic7IaXXewDCM9xDCE4eaCTjc7t4kJ8u3d+Xo8X39hfnjX3S+Fqn9lZ3vZdot0DucHcSwXbVE5eaNZFQySkwoQRDPUMiF8xW8Oy43ao6G7g84cPQ4NgnLwIcrRFlbhENC1xkNhlPPRMjTmKHSQ6WacriaJEQlWcthAPQjE0X0hgXR1gsDrkCHGffGhQxPlaWR8Oap0yVBcAjYoQVdwNDHotGyqZjYoMjWf3nX\/fjfcVX\/pdiIeXuAybNrTbA4Lp7DNQ2YmAWw9Mnjx3IDpgPYQ\/GDiTHG+PBPmmVpO65vr9W5Yr66+MN\/22\/Xuen20FlKfxnP2U8G2eERnuSUJLgSG4L2aI7L10CvUMyrZYJgYY6n0VfEnyKcqwm1PuNDpNI1I3N\/wZYM7ZzjNUpE6Gn63YIZIaYiS4hCQs2Q0RYVcjeoJYzo4BchVMpkaJpVGxLLlRCGsHo1VD6KHSSWUHiG9LRTXrBFvRIySob6LGLrqRgyd0K2ogatIkZ6YyYQHqmqN2ALt0oZ0IqtsZ+lgYov986bvzQ+7bvcyT3hjTyTrWuyCuhkcDGYaRwm+HDnGDQJ3WMRnLEk3sZB+L0Uylfzbn0zG7kQyrhvhmjYMnkYHAjviBs4wO+AAq5BGCXsCIUpQtGSrBeZpyLY0GqOiLzU+w34mtsO3\/WZ5fvIMj2U5+3NaCxHldrARvipEi0TGV8WdkdXzEfd+HAZDEWaVMwTaIwFm45BhqolWkpgDmxmKk4PtBPU2VnSHBc0nRGSXWTo4iTUUy4zDWTMHQT4yA6mFzAl0ZdtirAuLp4\/WM30QFkigFwX6LlxnjgFc9aob9btBEsGFKDF1+uUj85jE41tRkRHVlvzXwe+TkBKBrBHoRll5moYCVLkG+4Ytwrgzs7cQWtUUE04G6z1LFnHGg\/nyONaxcSE\/USOyG+h29UixoBrkKwZNMjYgF+cvc7kMvVRUFpH7Nju5ia7\/r93FdfeftuYv\/c3pEurEIICINFtH8XgHeFmdbgZDWm4fC2FupEHqo9MgTtQcz4bWMvbXU\/cAj2P8jNbdrDXgJtbAj9fdeVf9uO1vupPnXefTVN46yby9+Gspx3B+LMPeSSOVDD+JKI2wLt2zgmWit\/++3\/QnzyDE4\/Ta\/QSicJ\/QDsxiNxDYoEPkW8JXRDs6qBsJ7iHG8Gtlw8y3sHQMRagozPpMGqedn207tVK2\/ebu5OmGE6crrso6hoERdKZgqXdNTfaitcPVZTRAT0Uf31ErBrdDjFHiXvdj0NCuof1P04CWfDVLs76ezv6nftefrkome5oZU0cxP3IzMPucUQargVavERGv\/hBHawVhO0aNPE8xjLUGpltE\/MFXbm+6kXKgimrwSoMSUO8CtE6L0MwsVfhHSvZ1N0gt6J\/Wp3Oxw0SdY5hzLUm3dVMP+7gQrZ6Wwqsp2egiRkUalrQ4TWKZ1bb8RFf817udxGRP17Tiqew4m2zzABe7o2aLrJeGtRMe3skAF6ZGv5lQxW201C3USPBgvIkpStjWMnUEp+oST4OhkJRqYNXic0QcXpUT9Y7V8GrT1HWarq2pLglHLukYLF0sXuPrsCiSsilGj5iBVquQoc2gXk3k3CB8j5Bo0HzFSAGEKgxmOGIL5RdJ3Sw5C7AGa+gS4A6ML9MSqejCr6tibDDhCW5DTTwnp4wsTZn10ng\/TUsZb9e365dpIfE0PbUOtclNHkTyBuZ9RaPkjehKrIJF0v1sPN1PVOs\/X3W7AazrRNdb9ieOWpRKl9V6aBjRYNCBGqRQdND8R+SeOWXmdOlaeHKDGn31XhizIMFr6gZ0TrhsoJlRlrmS4yE7Do+wKmN0j7NkyGviAgkVidFQbsAUNY8HqdQQKdlE9R1HTZwMUIK8GuQsn8BFgYFszKom24aFwKwvyShoNe0dg6U5i0x2SqgWMQeU\/zDpQN4hqlcwLCdC2UhDWeYh6HJV5DoTLvz+ZFmrg45MytEsQD1O0GIjS6Ea+KFkH5ieVxuWyGkhhiTfIjvBogDGaeL\/fNZmfOLuNYzqveC02NqfqOTV2TSuHZiihDIdKVaMDLs0uqnIrsjqphWWNX92Jio6Rv8yx7U\/UvMp4ckmmSbFoeLOJOY+NyxMAierYBlaSRYEbSABq5KKDZwlywRNOBSlfNLRYeJpac7PNT+ZK2LWJ7vo65OCdjln06Rm0BiK1fh7kkEjq1nPaq3uE0v+Ho1Mmfmz8LvWyFrioculWs\/R1dXAVm7IQBP5Qs04KLg\/pCNkgWfZGDPOKF59pSllLXOxLQvzDKsD5rWi5hHLHbqr7nJ5OtXkfFLyspWijuwaeh5RF8LKQYdyHIcgiFNBGRHAp3sO9l6pNbRMzabmp3aSYzELnN0t3XGsxEXeX4C519JbV4r0LHPKXWImbia\/95J+EBg9f271Hlsab5erq\/Xpka+UTgtS2pxMcMgJUKaOYr3ENCxQEtgk3fE0MOAFNeTUEYuG3LeGUXvwUlWimApt1XOLEjUmCSDZTuONNfIFPY77bF5vPQ2nbLubkzMGrTstIGhTa4JtBkho5KRpjgMTIKGbatqs1+xyyxK9hr+06mqi89AwCb2lvg6nFM4XfLq5ZFsgmUeD5RZCVXILCy0LF0xwnrGkVv1qrM+l4tgw3uGpPwbKZ2quUQMmWnBB1aEGRUIL5tAiOIIyC6mBn90P+4hUrwXxSKK1lHcnJzw0J+5N04JkA4x7q6w\/GSq4Gb9rgQHrM6HvZHjfY0nSRDWhVLtKDZ3VtANTQk7kvfTsonIDDj6kdikPRf4i\/AauHJCS2MYwIUle+ExbMUvumUKq4J5bzn2mwskremL427rWBC+BQwYh4t5ClnQSJC3CxrHI8Hcov0FVKFKiU0mi0gK5xCxxqWlXe01tmqRyJ2FJkM\/vKlqqzGuIRXVLcEJr3Y6W+CEXAsUh0OyoR0eWKsJHjUOZzKycD35ezp\/GRU5MzbGxFeM1DUIjWEKhAlR5a9FxSXHKsA1CxQx0dURSCzIad2bpEYPyckxbqPleS\/7V0NOQPRPbHZ1f8IjEUiHNDFOjNc\/4F3FcDI7JiuAS2WjgtaRBaxZuZIZUYtaHo88hsAzFqR5Op0RWJyldTYHanKW16jQ9KLBiLzD+C1e8pWydNUfDxKr7ujtfm2\/64aq7fEnqgE2nFUnZGLibSB6vSzhOkFCQjZw0UzIzw7Om\/ZCJ4cCaeVjmXnPPEQ+0gT5m9T644p2FAG6Qt6Gh9Mz6H4hewqWgENAU4cCEHO8kntIWa0tL0Vq6spnCQ9WPFinCjFpBADJojStniqeu3hcGYK5wIELeZVhjrVTIRkEI0bgsSgnuR4Zv1AdLkID5HZ1aTctuu+1etJfhpL1spE4w5KGkC4J\/eJC\/Q7xGK3hQE4OaQPNQ\/4wYbmaJsuNGs2DCqYPS0YbHZ6iB5byyus5p8NNrnCSqwd6wLsppQg0dlbDnEJzDUbSa30r3Uos0HBZzM7AtqVm040X2IzJGlcFShffI3krM\/eQFCfrBM7WIYWILinw\/nW36YxPn9ptjBellEGo2bc1ETmQrNoSMoEoPbxgSqV3Qgg7Na96vJtPoEog4yZ6lUoltNSefB4AVepp\/ETT+qSAurCMu9Y\/ITNQccK+BhQg3IL2HeHGLYRAZImpCQTDqE7GspsTOo8BOc11RC6kVzNDPYM3Ab51MKfwJWhDZsgDIHwKAFG++1ulZJngjSAvQmFqd21broQkLonSqMA6AlXmmui7PZy2\/oLoitCfRQwjWhLZFBTu5Fmo+LbNA1XZgYRaCc0nz9liyqQG6GlTuCnIL872RvFQLQAcN6iqr5wxpGDWLTpxm3GeyaFZlAnGCeU+BYDjWatWjlA8Lv\/WCf2VZ\/GMR0NY061zKJJluxfQPTTCngmSfCciEqYl9t+pX\/am1wf5EsRdaiwT7GOm7hh4glm7NZD+nkEVlGhD0gr6i+YBqLDOwj\/m3pXQb6aWsEubu4Di1szOfmMd\/He+23W55cll07U6aegzJRGsHSzwQVIEFGqqZMDqiF81Wc05M1r9ed6urd\/2qO3nAqT6tjjs6E+s4AOWi0VJjwecyzL13gQA1miwMT4WJscrwQcuUIlMXwiz5RTutNgII5Klzii6dJg3q2kTXDFbAKrIBXakG1jLHjPGXiNQvr8Yus6u8ZpCr8HT7IiQqRqjXRCqX00obenpn5+6mquftZvn2ZAJ0+cS6MsHYCT4NNTKwWQWufppMD28yjSDnqdCDx8HVmojhVBexBe+CWXSZfIZ5mg00cQuR1GiJBl0UYlhT2jFhgn9pWURaM3OmZR6\/mNDE5crQL8ALIVgSYtGaMxxYCZ4J9qSAKojiEvKBjlDqrvDVp6pkX6ibP847z+LEuvuxlzy303XIYE+tgwsmZDfAZmXAgHl+8MfAknG10dI++I8qTU4gbIAq1xnkioC9BqfpetsLrKhhmKCprCg\/lsxQR0AhjaY0KBwMBKEw9L4poIEqDlVJJCUuDouXYfCnUuMRGWUTQ5o5v\/PrHZ5zWTBOcKK\/4tQMJV8L16oHBm2h7MDhkFQRiwULIhAgKGoWGvwaUMEsa92RqskqbFJpy3y3yBImRnqFBJnJ2SIfjNKfOdVaO4tYn0InqZONS9sSa6KmwukLcoZFeNqrwQjdMSLOS3vYQwtTfJeAPSPyGmAWUFHVUDNptLTbEhWFAbB9tCeXOktmqYnnsvj\/nlHyYpxu7Gp58SJz7JDHH1WgXUcTaz9oHgf2gnzLBEWK0TJ7aslcRI34MciX1QnbaLJh5g5GTQSBA46oRihjaw3rtiPBZDJh41xS7CyE5i2DCVnVx71zhsSEr1kq4Ly6y2wJEbDYBwfJKXXOrnd6ut5yjk4\/QuG06m+Xg0mNGywDIlb9TERrYyZoREKb5eQfMCKE\/Kk\/WKY30IYtWdsPVUaWRK95oZXT2jKtF3sIQlug59Gew4ISkYxhXVs82vRkAC7W1qxKJdZkIAQcvIv0yvogSG1x1tkaJ1bMH7v77jN4jnK0ppHqIuNbkm+x1gmECYBEwmA6xBaCprfWCNCzCBex61DxFxAsfKi2JBgQJdOpYecEgdcwPblhkCAqXWvOgEMSvubZEzXGEm5UT1pT0TSOCqjX4GF+X8TPTIAapd3Kcy3VAxVxphRQKfCO5GroAYepE7Dj+4SloFindOHDtDYElpOP8+xqYg\/9qdtcdrcn62SpOW0zm2CinBwTPZlwBBxnLCc\/VSog6r1n1mudH0sEgilVDQQKLIg\/SdOQmf4Q9jnEUfOJ4QCPhBuk45d5aw3dA0oxNRMd61KpRKBPIrRmzXDTqIVQH93vqVTstyWZGU4D1khkuu9Q05vhxGg0OV6xARnJSw\/AXqDuyCWo1WncSO01kqpmHfRxauDt\/r6+X68u\/353e7LR5Jr2xA2NJvkoqHJJUgpQ5R3lJFqleJb0t4orZzWlhfUnUYPlgAapCG7rnPphqG9RrcMBQVIL0hKwkoEeBKama84WPBQs8VQlUFFp6GUABrUIlGfyjNPU8hy76\/6mP91OOc1Gy6ExWTLGfZVqEwhaIDDUMDhTMk1LSDDBbJ7NQUwT0\/KP193q\/gWZA8fu\/EM1YDKNTYPCKkdXAM3ggmdWBoo7qB84MMmkaCcKMUDdOhdJhYPniklqGRChu40pTYikVUzvCoqfCVxYw2o8p1p\/RigmKeVo3XytFKFWOgmJsV1NCdYSoXpfrpgRgURNHL2EmsZllQPVe6QJOo5lrhE50gjyMfakpfSefkqvUHAAWlDFgL\/D4RNNuapSDGyn4fNadYB9PbnCejnVrigCavpZgcYD\/3SJwiajuT3EJFOO4+FatyX1k7x1PtSapqHW27tRtC3BH3pBjtZhpsUxed3OOdOI4AhIDLUIMNus8OAZkbSkMRpJnpidwMTQ\/dP1+vr6BYWlh7ARx4zctsm0XiAGCMHboAwCvlIC52bNRG4Q5\/CK0YBM3nq+wis9siBX98vV8vSZ+BNzy534gqLMxGo6okN4oFaTL2oMNKopYam\/ysQa4pDPM92J2fTD9XLbD+\/6l0wo5dP0eGvRxWBAeTpNdqZV2qjZXBKb0zxALQpOmikKw5QREWfUDiCMU6IywAqomjH+QKzpqJCYQDhsyOcABYX8C7oUmWWYmJxhGXhmShV9FVaTL6geec3TLvnXCu+usDT0ZkSJ8WRYtomYNSy\/EYxmMIP8XAVHStPkoe72bjg5e6hNp8mVOlvjklSZe7WOJP+QIYoSJsxkXzUDTi3V7IwCO6ZcsO9BpUjVjvncFb1JLG9WlGyv\/DOrnq\/lTbhRVbC2IlIueHBipsDsak3Mo6\/Xt7f95rwfdicu2KHb2h6VbSWIUvXgBPndM\/mM1idDN1nzGphqpWj7INxArArilKqTUnF\/Ev1uTMhrkLQDtLGWQH6W4V1nfMHdBBis5gbVxZmDSCPZclsxKZMV8lED\/qWChmZQUP2d5pJligTqF0V1TGraKsRT1ML1hh4q4oKEApJO+HiegwJ9CUPLUeoRsVZ7GuCUMGmGBjewbK0mqiU4fSP95oDy034R8RklspkFTPk0QE57H1AWgJp6ANiQk7Ys2AoWe8A\/5gvyt7qDYfqjVr55OBFEUwPY8zM03j6CQl7vupv17lS8vaPr8B7gQQVeKg7aGwTBRjjLMfZWdU2TND7hFeWmhttuHktxouv\/0A3Lk0FD84koadIER2Lz0q9E8OlrhGAo\/T0R\/+nfsCjzlhTc2ZE\/SiFcXa0vTobZtnV7Wppb8Nb4RhIHtbeL29cDZ4Z9A6UdYLgZS5od\/aOMvQJieSLs3pHhhj1KuG+Nl7I4V3D3UOlRkfG16n1x9HcSYqtm5Zv6hB1zu+Y3ZKJYftNf3p86n3RiVaeXfgQ5URVToe6ZsZqMZmlonImCE46jtnKKSl2X7JfAAkEGqWa15jyts18KIMa7\/sT5eX+aTJOTEhpAnyfkhDhVkgp4VoIbxdWlLoZyu2b9y+w0prlS22719\/6TE13TmIBdihSATt0XTAtHVjfzmyh4gMI+O\/jHmL8377p3J9NYfSKNJWmhUg9IctI+DKgmaubDH3mKTvuuW518DA6xmo4aYhaHSRhqBRqp9zUrjBJazZZkn6b5szuR1n\/pV+tTUf3DaVaUVGiEOg\/FhspAeyEMIErdAPcONAmiurpnlnsqiXcX1\/3J4KW1O00KiwwIth4svZk1ix+zOmPocXN6ZmeFbjMRuv++Ph2pN50oc4N3JjjHWoQAIGpPZR+KkppxAaVrCQF\/j7xFz\/4qANgHPlexHQK7ADn1SluCldIhlBljzIzJsycMmJf3jGxb7anB5DlTAOpZA1JXVrGeiJip9abGlsJrhChb9eQ8uLu8pmHCpeoqjcI1bBbkg8LGF7jGRoVay\/SCfcihcrNk1kyUDVFi+\/vli+I+\/sQa57JzMnpL3HxtWQRnX55XL5qJevG3625Yj+encvqcTisgDL42AWjwWhnVKF5\/hInuPA0apsFCyZgdup\/Cew8vkFGnMvlQZxMiyga1z1NNt0EAmlOc7\/LShCkex\/v1cCrbDPVJzVCilKm1aVBQHIT3Ca2N8CkjNaUVj8UfCT5qNbTHCDb8Mi4\/5Aoifx4io1YE+1jQpoByqs1ktMtEVLNZPQE8xl4LgxttshBUb2QTwaBcQBGqiqOVLU8KHDpSVoFkzxrEZ+hjCm2zWb8ggcwd6jBHeGNapNNGP1TUKbU1F9G1aGE1RL2DMRbZi4w1QAzauX0xcSmPlE5vB\/UXZHdw3xCDuUGKY1ZYkqR+7Fr5mKcrnfaHtaW\/hlXPUKPx75ZweYz5apcmdvooibvMVAkYv7YiRGcgHln8TlQ0tN1jf72oUcKoYFUavA+VIr0iiFd5bT6ITNvGEACBvNZXD64Ypl1nTYu3hEXiijSlq4k2x1L8bFAeul0So6nkRUHyME2KrUFQdA4HSWZrAS35SZqIZolAiCI6k7RNj69KBzC6fAhCmvgeAkU4IhlGRXaoqJDzYKAknVFMi7hzrU5Ny04Q8ETN0vVcmvzLIZtie2JoIXvTtBJ\/MyWYgwjx7FDzrwK8GV+dag81jUnZDgQEZvYOjiChz+mHjtqerKb\/ij3m2B5QLXY4uZG2wHaj7MQRERUtnRdQoVIR1pgYOkFbaAXFnUTmLrlA0qIlwgYqerHliGpt6LCPydpUOtgg0c4zuO4sy4z3baRquq7QoUPhLRtGqUqAoQXVuVILqr2WyGag50sXUtco7nV6LozSTFT\/f1ldd+N5t3pR9mN0pzpTsok5DqxC1fXxqkW2bE9okerJjodaHskMAZqL5TwywYjJVdoWDBwmVg+t\/bImkjvN+SIQCLkNsSyQhUGICPo5lKvUpUwkFhgIrWyrmXyatelR4R6e6EhRoVdKFhJxFKy6hduKk8woxs8aySfAjDbHRbYdxKbVJEDXsmI\/Kygc\/bWEFLPEMHqm8K1pp+WLP3XDixTYU1s9pCC1Eo22NPJsHOlURgRFfyNsCXt1cXMV5NNor6mguDyHldIakYYbhDmpLI\/Rksha0d0RKQURAYiRzXQsxU\/SdFkm36Dg0BvdZrooImGPmffEKIqCwjYad08YB5AGUcmAXClLP5RCCO7D6prC5ljMifx5LeiMLJrNavKwHydiPyCo+xHdvB0rjJEriKSA+fYlE\/vyL93IgNXJe30qspRtGhNTHrTjTaPQ+\/vEvragI6ksJax8rdjPjLiU\/GYWfwLD0bAvrALDHzBTguJQAckM5GkpOi1BZs9Yz+IQrwl+zGJwWjxDd1mgwmSjcnSrKGjaUeMhSdapulB0E8+IZwANMveALTAZRwkFnEAaus4ey3bqxl5eSqR3e3q9tguneeUE8SLaNJBnOMWGzdozquSLsbb\/GRzG1j1Knes2\/ekDP9FUE\/djEqQOEgFxeaCfkadrJ674HHhk+wgXdujede9PB8loX7kTIflSNK0Lg\/YTtZqD6auSnMfUebZ0CUW7B3iR6vNeu6OrdlYCPG4PYwhNiICiURNbYkHYjNPGXQQ0M+4hIga+xBaBxN7mVYp6ylSNyFrWyu67KtoCx2qVUAjTy+p8Tz\/L7C6EaQ7tHVEBX6DnuvZUf65F5yHC4lA1UIA1r+WQyDyDFytq72SnoCNqg3is5+y8JsbpN+uT3dOnAraHOsAXyYQui+xXl6gCK+7UPNuZWBu\/7wYAonyS7kj2cKjOD2zwKam70GwlWj\/rw2rzI3f\/pru8vxtOde+6fKovyMGbzgQ9jaRnLX9I2nLK1npGs2qiqHCfncUU7HToVrv3m1P9Wa4+0bsepa94GtCQUS0llugoMiBqzmeDLO0Th\/pyu\/xEEeGD\/ks55YFhOxQABDRdYv+olsneLIMQjR+KYdaeg7U6gZ+NtNr6EUJ\/v3oJjN\/R8ADFZdR6wPjB6cNcKWq0z3Vhm2avdufrzVqssFPRBk+0qdsgw6yHRjGK8jxfs\/VE1v+Xd93LFtGdVh8n4Cc5+MET\/Z+5ovR\/GQWIiiruPTXsvWORwYGk+IKW3oGsXqqsDaTYs6TWHFD57IgUywBH0nK8yDr7ipAjti6xBtZUFHRcQozTQgWsPjv50lMUC1w\/YhVRoZy8dqeNWlIXicaxB6DTBFarjY40Fz8ptqJnfhfhnlJFeICogBvzXXLqaWPo6\/V4emfo1p50umO0JrowQDNj9pOruTAo5UwPWZOGlexqF2nPDst4pvotte4kq\/\/EMRN6fq4THeOv2+vuBdXT7rRCgFRbk+owVN4rnjzbiRX8b1SysllyKV6XluymZQpsVPs3aPZFUwrHanXJqs9Wm1ckQsAa7r7bI4+zUK+ZX5X4aFWWN+vdyQ70EMKJjaxSNElMQ+q4z8l8W6dp04ludbHc7tbvXoCnGJuTLKK2yaaJUpRDt\/6zjHqilny7Pu9229P59LGZ32GfDtqaXIeBLj+4E+ZHN1E3fuiH\/nxZ\/U1SJU4fo7OnIeLYuo4mBTsk+uOEK84P8pErSrTkU8cWZwFhvrw6e301Gdyw1XcN3ft+82YB8\/qiu+0XMzMZttVlv9WClLo1KfvBumy8AAmzoNQhbS2j7RCYmEdPY3ikajrpHFrKKf6yQ9xWgAcERkXalAPMh9kY8DQm6aPF+ru2CgiyOJztFjCcjfS\/4r8RQgiP0m5MSYoZAQUScpV91YI9Am06IEgVguKToKiicXCCNaYB1wlwKT6tchy2v5vqTF99+9Wfvvr+X8w3f\/jhD9\/\/+I9vyxr+45t+229221myGLbVuFvt03NFWtdpqGIyyQu2kMTkMWdZUhk\/A2AIbreV5m4y8tSgDVgAjHMyCWmtDcoSPdtA4V+Xud6BzliHvfFsIQXs34SYVkPwZ3Emo289Hi71o8Ay1Sw4ebNnHEGwXVJNWKdaAFRdY7zAZ0l+qaQD0psFNBeXZtZyotl98\/1Xf\/7DX374\/R++\/+PBOn63vlvtuuXKbLrVVf\/seu6JM7lkWoBPyRpVMTE8l4jUJfJVtIgAEAGFBW+rhJ6vWEm0bnNVAGoeANxkKVzS5rCiZQvgckIGBsAgbCnxh3NSAHKQJwJUDC\/2f2QBNVxdTpJ7TAbtaQtJRFQcSkERgQNAskeXJHgwmF2VZX0TKkDnqHLaHfar7\/7l9y8nyYxeHi4ORK1NVDCcJRQjTlUCFTLY4wCQpOlJFvGjZIUUHMDlmUkjyh4pQ\/5pZ2Yw0b\/+uFmvd+bP3abbnvebq\/50gng4YHWSXMF2AA4JwQCwUVkKmRMbYyfF\/aixfy3+KFuP6TZSjBqZMMaaAye1xlEyDlAPDW0GTxRuhJIu2wKJbCY\/Ytj+Lsy1aTff7bavfsk8XZtNimkQroHYdyKql6uicAofWR\/XEreKUCUtoe+IKZuB6eQk6SBq4zA2IoomuZlpxGl47H33a8zCSu9b2w70dqPtswxU2JVsnUC7+qh5HM4T1cRlqo6S3C62ELIlA4AoXNLmm87OzGAaWF7u3nW7frPdSEXRy6cQfFM1A4sdHc4BgIoJryP2T411Z2QzCKJgQmGEj+BJ4oqYGerU5fP9\/\/jhx6++Nd\/99b\/+5cev\/uUvP\/wChtlKd07bDoBwpdlUwg60ID27FjNjAs5\/QCe2jMcJ8cjpb6s5EnnUh\/JGMKvxj\/lbt3qJtET3zeSGqmGHd4\/UNTSpsazwB7AdWLNiRws\/Mhne2OxnxjjtJ9mjn+QLyfhBCtXBRKSTBy3IQslmA4HQCjmogT0nFCcaxh926+11d9pyXfZDcdkFjSMHbcrcavGsOAqk1TTlOJpNu9nBzKX3CS7orpuMZ9h122fUzO6mf6Jpylc6dnUtNsZL\/kLW9nUFFZj5jJ4o4gwYMvSP\/CnENF1p5d5WpUGCAvFF7RfCcmD0lAMalWWJK\/H42IS2QB9qWCso84OeE4FmEpi8glooQ+zKWjt4WrbwJHTx3nwnel5TMl2IyoDUe1GTn6x1d9P\/7lFLIDgW\/7nvdncbkYA3\/X7DFV28rpoB7j828jGI5FJbq7x6cUqpJfId5JA3GoiP2l1Cu1MhlJiJWauhwqRLB\/6L4+Yyc0S1\/MprWTPD+bKGs9Oa0NCPIiZW75c33QemFsR8yCKzgarjtTLZ3T9ageCMYBey9JJOkJaBxVS6IBakB20Rp00s+BfZXEI4Pg3GYOTTjMt3\/ebuQ\/vRiAYhqqdhs4+gjeyiIvrGqkAPw6hptWScRdls0lGxzJvhWqa2+Gp+VcM0TiFVF3fDh8YnkFpZSqRQ2rnHlA7a8hSq6AwTkHdNRP33dzfvPrR50gsuJCTmssS9VkAyX3KCas1aDtp5wgNxy2p6da05z6UbKIGXMltwOY1Ce42ysdMYg5wsnmA9i9X35qqE9DJySvy+DUtiEEuT81pNlXIHLVqINE4wmH0Pwv3PUidpS66G7q5XuNqSB0lIFnpgs4LKlHamgSk9s2uepniAm+X5w6J\/LwLg7Xq5ebzDkf0GiDjg9\/3iNUYamKvTqoesQU4VvbHItmqoCxKI32rLJWbPoCC9ZKZa\/4FxTzWV7nq96czvBXr4Y6Ov62Da5JnExq43vgRvKybgZm25HrRlL5G+Wtavzo7mUZBp3Y\/X65\/MN934sdFI8UPr48Bs1YJUTze6U2AfjQ6DkYITGm15p\/la+2xU+rARSW4Yi58d7EQV+W9dNzw\/0KeCdrN8OxWzm+XbfrOd8+ZsHhqWetN6qUBKVRqrxovlThe9sJ4w2iZUMaM2rGH+TmCnEqsAuK3JY+UbmBUtskFQ3UBfvTbAQmiQXRJs1F7Xdek32o7WAYHRa+42O0+jJHWspATf10TLaDX5B72VWA\/D81OkmCstM5iDAq+63PloqTfLt1NJKyv9sMqyarOa1cYX0MxoomdkiCXmWvHIrN4A5bmttFIaVoBoIWMVUAvpWEloEVKJIwgnsJmC5ydv8hhakzkfqzX6DaNkNSGnIpOWGyKIoII3zcxzInr\/ekNU0RPmGsWUb8NAVDggriOri5+sJh0ThQ99ppmIrCm9NPwtPB++JQI02KwveKkO2kkmu5nbqCky6N35ieNvo+xMFphZY\/3oCw1BhxltsOL78VAyHbOTCODiTYHF09w6yCfEsJgUkh7abZuoDbHDWNk6aFdsy9gGykRrwqjZMNrQCrqQLVnRh523xXYpgnmkCxSQgqKWzqzMRDf5KwyTExYm5WwcgvmixjUly0NhtizT+HHCqDa3tL5V7FZIxVfCq+lHYxqqlhU5BcQkHDGfx34HhEqfo9XwqF\/8aTuN1pbOi9dKFACY\/lFzXm3LOg1PPPf0AB6UCZ2ssJxOO4pndk93tdn3c9HoJKFlkCcAPAFFRXCZdR\/7rCJgGtOEKDKzoAZM2mnIFTNLEaey\/6e7U7bWNo2kDUi\/MhZTILhOIwVbk+kJYsMDZCJWc4N4DJ8o\/+3w45TBSE2gq9E8DVifhIGHjpz2jeGaKh80SGigDqdnmiJQ\/gamKWfNnbSKqvKkE8jMvPJUmX17N540odI8kR2za+SX29nWkDCRHjWEZJQcTvODtpwegkLxcASrAmxRkplpnQg5g89SmfVGW7M67VQ6N81mprvkSVQkcIk+DCjcabVLX83c\/oSuO4HZohK+mXl\/+wSF4Ob9Me\/f5wUKcwySwKUGaVvyi3OBpc4M7logiSqMJlAqCDWiEIJi\/Gr+d1JzImlHVx5thaKVYz0nQh91yOqG7vwUgol1a2KNRDSo1WOUED7wEFA1VMgWikFW0E\/4oomH4ht4k6HP1GPV0lJsFAyt5kyiMmxnCoK+DZp+L7nwc9OyU8kqcPcnbY+rjQBueYXarZGJQkdXQ5gk1zCgr9y\/HatkSwuGuRFNZf36NP6fRM2QtN1a+7dE1SUTW1o0rL5l6qVmHsB55LXCyym7RKQtsdCxNDuuWZ4ihjNRpR+qzrT5ZmRHt2ya0bYSCNhniM5pNdZPF19q4U+ZaytacYQGWvqewnJjMYQYGe1Ya9lgUUNRAISfZCgEprXsyikjRs65b0RTa2hLt0CuSnCetHPTCI+ncXmayJaXoi62YJ+VPrxh7m2P8JM3y4uT3hYEDbcNzKZzLCTJqKGwCcg\/lZ197SOQq3f91d1Jr5UOG7UFYeKEOOARtiy9Yh3tQ+kDQbJL2QOSbeO+7EG6AM6NcJp48f\/+35vlSQvTem9SQPGstdpOLLNKPO7ZjJYGoCdSojOb3W6Q34WgqtGSkGZujI9a2++2y\/P1zUmC1wWJxNmhiqyYtmx5lh7g1Inr5HxBRJwbxyOxdL8+RbVqsijHAOOEQCyljGKczlov9TR3cTxpxq0ApkrOVFKFQoHJ0YZAwkfAjCP4J1oFAGIH+zNLyc5OE3TGblyeRCcCPtc0A0Hzg267xNS14YhhXwEa5sJf5wbhHqNyn7Qk0rzOtUPUem1H0EyY2Kh3ykWhtPTiWWQmBnaptUh\/aJFtJxs4N7xpHmB3vh5PU5sEiTJGL4ASKH9R\/zwEfNJ2Uz7vO5hGBF0FIG2PEk5yDlrMaN1MJaMYGnODD1PMqrcnmQ11I9q4lWjRvg4poTrZE77JEdFt3zVNGNfcKOLUAzj0l+vVSUsoXLAW1S9q7yXCFrIbU6z2xR5Ou2tFo7yK5V8sI8nqIwmzyoabcPUf76764SRmFOFQiANyQ8SVUWvPAorXljWYKPWYe\/sjG+Sn5d9POYmNF3pydqi02xaNOzqhZvnQhPv+cX23We62p7ywTSaGPFhW\/4nGM\/eWaSh1KSkBu+VpNkdjUpQsUe1X5LQKJ6oi5xmpQ8hpzicy4bc\/bpeb5fnyenmSxdp66YnjhwYF8UQznBUlfqpBX6\/PjzpuDx1OirPe0TEqcfSCMyAayVjZJOzM76NUQH2V2PtY2batHFIGoFprilhQ3IrAOievH9HDFTWx6Jnbqt0d2UBZPSSsfKCV6qI2fIPKWNHZQeQk0rdHmTgy\/mq2DWJY27K3B1yclfa4saGKo4viSvGMKgTJglAdlM7QGokS1jg\/Vq5NVVMX3GecLhKdpNoYN7paPI8tPC5zNb7CMUaoLGjmJ8Xepa\/C3C66mQj3KfsYaoGOyxIosGMpTh8tXRJwYzgWyjRk+b6GRt0wThnm2IP3jyBvN6dQViMeF0mhCUIvuZR0UqujwchcQjQoR39yyMqGTj6HBpgtm0LMHrKpo67bdqesV1sL7QngsUN4syaoIet5tS9uxUZxnt0Va1ptFpl8sDfZWLKhSaYxAZYWF7gl9ZN7pgUl6E6NoqpkhruhRQbF77clwsPyCJUp4cA4ZOfWRjue7NH40VsIwmZupeIxPtqnoZzz9eZyGsuRbw6COcgzEutggCIDr8fYNnLW3GH2gjTsGytxN7FQfxSnKMxB5jMIYPEoa4jE5DEZz9ZWwbRj1SpGw1jlkEzO8OeO6n\/CT\/kjaxz505laPwvzYoxzZLxW\/lB+AqtchmKbKj5UjeSR7jM7aifVqjzV2tF6xD70AQ9vYuY\/MGbE+05MEt6XTRxDZv\/XkY0Y7JjZ+qQ8xSvqV5Aq8gpZZUmH4cYI7FgeBL5Nxn048bIQQT\/L4HNtq5xaw7qbQDtcomtZdgCQpCP7\/uqMZTSiWWuPiFrrsWvtI4oUU9bXMRFTb+KcnH6WBREbGqWmY8WGq37Uzj71qJn7Mkzkb5Ls\/cFiEvdjhPu8rpoxmoC8G6NYsTbuRyvr8LDOXu7yiHm1+0uI6uLkT9r8dVRQHryjkVIOVg9RcjGVJFXtyDJlO7IbBIZu5Wp9MVqZsfsK9Xo3aia57rJsO\/foYcA5Vw0gi0eC4mPCAbdUTvLPU4M4lObktmy64Ygf3WALWYBXmzQGNooeEQ6Wnc9s6CuLjaeOCFpL+HFk5gzHnhSWQvNvhF4dWwuM2iLXjghHyMIGdl0fWcYit++bAlhMQ3EQ6pHtIpN8qdVbY0U401ZhXaSju7p+hM4U7ZlTBUmzJ64+QBbnAULTyrSYbW7HliJfdpdhK4yc6WRIlCJGqmlG5FTBXT1KQgEbNcuuY\/UcAi4IEcpUkFMuC+kwwCDco0GTvXq0YjcBsNsDykJeLZEcijHd4WiSHoY9x5gcU\/HKHf7dGz+KlicKCiErDZtSwb0sSbIPdBxQQ\/DAMPRn2F9Rs9jMttNvaiVDHQvWjxcIWyZbkPRbifTW3PtMUO1RVg4pQSOTNUw9BqZiyMojo5FIWQGpG8KyKrZZjaQ57ThnQXMSWwZvZF+KMTWVb9yeZbUa+BxROCE7juPJTjWPp1LvD\/zhchK\/xbKzNSTnE2kwZVXu0W4Bv2KyY49XLesO75d3L0jco+\/to5\/T6x5kg1M3elTa8OUJUYfrH0RMqJHb13JtSsNny5aKTsLI4pCJ+uxGqAu+KVG2Hh5GJexhBBBaUDnsWDXIW30gEhHGbMn8ICQspXj1IGzhjm5VZGVjx0BYrr24CqNKkrDfOS3OPODdNlm0ZxGx2+oxCPtlzJFafa3kkvS04PyzElSYKN7i9JoweoD46Bdpuhv47KPkYoK7jc6zrLFRISocjGHmCcH4R1JXljITnbnyhZhH5qekQ7lIcWH3q+S159ee1LBTE+LylA9uvwySveFrFJPsX+XiwahkUmwudkDDTdl7f3giXMu4MJDqa5QiMdCMUI9tVDWOY5UaxDD8yAIL65U1IUUAGWYHY84HayYv9exR5fdiUUDFkci5XxqiZR4udLAHx1B2MiZfuVYbVD2Kro7Skoi1K8KyKRKEPsR9DYIX9iTKVWbK1MiGClRIahVWNFAzFXPJRvaQBNQCLExP0ZWY6Suq7cikGNn\/SqDiRWbIr9oDQnQXqOcjvAfykoA4CfBAwAqVq2rtqEhlsE3AFUiMTTkyUfmcvLxB8kAjuw7mLKJBf\/FF\/pe5IThNKtZLWXZtx0a0okC57rhaPhOJa0QkD7tMGub8MWc8om6kq2BRwADgs99Hj+JMLEjwgtoDd1hoZlu8a09Fbe8+Vo1EItNewWpRZcHgYRqjN7GReqhQ76k61qIbxio+8JDgE9HeikTQOOQofDY8iAoZK2vbhNYfyYn6Ce+uAktQHiRNHguc0f5iy4TGqez3B8IKNWu6cIl18qOUHMKBv786w18XikQB72vUOOSj5b6EzOK9hqFX0aFcxmjHDEBfxqBjEQI8cI2nT7d+JFMfJh9qlPDJMo1VGwkI\/MBj0H\/2gL25CAPqYNjBTcTtw8JoFpMrMnAE33uiNlGyBKQ0PSj09mCPZLKRTdv8nGB+uqk4eYFp4vsZEzjygMvahC6U5allTff3iCaX6AXmN8J5AGK1XwBTjy2dCPunNsTveZicOGbiweSct9Knu65sGoMXj1NAr+VD9s+kWU5Ozqg\/MGghkgKcVBG9pkS5OHh+bIxDJZbc2ihrBYNumTg812kXGM3ojvZgXLLX5MN2OdPSUUEEBs+syUZTRUYCOFqEicQnJu2KFKjW7VcEJ1pyUjCdA923QfmU9r\/dTxOuNCVl40qWC7wLLBZVvm1RtKjwDwCQhjVKS19bpo\/SoTSgEi+0wohclRoghusguAFifyMYX7QgMlPETWrFHzyU9iFC+WhY4ulGm4NBVVBRpgpCk\/jRhdHSUq+shcuMc98H1ao0OnHvEwUvTZ1msnHc0Jgpg5J2HvGqeNrR1sjDflBFUWZoxyo55tftr2y4XQeE45l+XEyH0SpWxl6XEQNFqO5BPw7sU1yIxmmL8Xp07oBFR2p+8HD4\/VE6PLoyRFcHqZ3ye5UBOk7KDACnJ77FcHAKmywFx0kShJFCVPiR8HDfMkrzwBcD0479foPq0bM\/tNs7ZCpJypYKX\/Fb5dFJhKVFH6aHSxQCT8+pJH06FXqztiENHkelZi\/QPAyqdu\/wygjDAxFews1CAXSJuzTaLI77B44OBWXiHYNVVrOQxu85io9yGtB4l1D+0us0QsmhYNKGuxEcPxEh0+3FIAJy0KHaMUi5Nz1nwaKiXbwEDR39CZb+KIXPjscwUOkRDwZqPkQJyLGKUqvvxdopOL7sEj1KkowUNUamkijoC16PiKbkcFMHA2Isqkh1FR0KZ+VUoqMrCpsp12wrXXShnIiubh0Bxh8kAVI1GzCrXBFg6oG2Ym0gwBECbMsyh+m6ewI275mnDcimatjEVTgEG7jO2iiIZWCRUo0r46GzDqCWYU91UmMoEciHQ+IUrnksnZbhFIK\/IxUvja0VtkcPM9Q4subpkA4ZfjYPSr+8unXEkbaiFbNcX3iAYmyKCBDOJAIVSq+lowHWW2lyKYMXjVSoqkxCAicJfbyhmUZiU45S9ez2NoXuhNVDVPx1fq\/ZE+XF7WWHq4nVbw9Xqx4jFWYexODUuM4qdGCVZFrDSgHJtKNjsYCncxV7UpZSGIIT0wnOt71dL8FFNvhyktnUjuiixyR+evuSNtiUidoqJTjYquhYvF65BtawBxi7IyYuscjZgBXOXRzzR7ymeGvTgdZCvaaw3Di2DdpCMxMQ\/aqkrllqMIQzKMV4E+OBGa3T3ZvZkQZEcd\/ZgqJaLOb80AxnL0ToL5ZKdnF8prEi5HMFTi8uvQyLKTEU4ItdEtRRKaaEwO7ivkSTZm+REWPZzUc5bodpjON26C5QF3qx3FwM\/aNrLxbm4uc3iyD5Ixfv3yysxLQ3bxbpVQmyTD6UMMzt8LvH+Zury+4L89Xqaj10\/\/jbWhBgd8v16h\/xlTPjchjk9x923e5u+4+vu9vlrhtk+B8aU7b7McVjBzWNHXe3vfkRWD4ToMeD0fkXj84mwXuS4fl85OAmIdFvuo3pt+aHbui68Qvzo+QqStLOweDcq\/alg2slKUkGlyR74KjRTYKjX2lK+mb5Fi0mLrurbnvRbQ6HZ1\/llw7PSb6YDC9KKtdRwwsfxH6dDCu9eFjSnU6G1Qhq61HDih9Bpp8MLLx0YHWrR6HJxxLbJBHnb5t+t94su+cPgn3lXzo4AB7K4EJ97DGdZlbebQEGqq0af51B+RD1dMZjKaz5YMe1g2GlkAUb6uRNrJXobS3ZEUeNqX1SZ\/nTerXrlx9gaSH5F40u7kcX7LHc9lFl\/bbf3H1hvu236931esJmk33BmJLTPcwhHDsiO8UeWV1er\/ubB7S5Q+6amheMqRUgW5zEowXlNAF\/BmnzcFD1SwZlc9LNc9Kz7rhRTYvwZUzLL8zX63G9WW8nh9C1LxmSs8oV2qO5wjTv\/bvzjn0h+h\/edbvlanIE2\/qUMblC49LrifydYwqHYwqzY5ow+P+yvu5Wq357fre5+pBSsWf0Hx2SFdRhHrvUHjumCW\/\/5m5z3n2AH7gHMf3xBUpK3U6VmiMG84iXn9+N5932GrS0ulqb\/\/zn5Wp73W27f3pGFn5sUDGonuXaoxdowsr\/dNeN5+s53dS+sseOom3iXhl1xw5jwr3\/tt7szB+G5X133u+uPySJ648OyhbqKYcMrHLzZuEPB+VnldD6I3j0h4KuxdH\/6DB8q4sT\/NHDsB+EqT40IJp43CCasha2OXYQblo9sdx0zylv0dujRlE75cRtbo8dhZ82Yhpu1uMHxLt3xwykzXqSraqyR4xjmoC4Ht719x85xsE2x61KW+RTc\/SqTIt1lzvRxZ6qiKE+jjpSXVj\/se9P0wTW1f3yvNvMG2qhDkcNIhYmEmw+dhj5Y61VDgVPc9x5dcU6jO7o5WgegePv7lZX75bSa3aOc\/hQH0cYeW\/j10cvyYSt\/qHb7sy369Xl+kNmvj+SkfkijY\/eoGlu\/Hfn\/fvuGWu+dccRidfN8cce3GnGvKhyV+vN+plRxOP4WAp6Yn0bjh3GFC2zu+iep1Tnjju2wBfGMNLRq\/G41Giecdgjz0ooFBqPlm3TTO5\/veulyf2jDmcvGEnTNMUccseOZMJE\/3kpHp1utduuu2edOs1RrKxJD+rQ0Rsz4ah\/7Nebq\/4DalA+ikLaVrXDeLTU91ONdfl2ubra7mCSzZBJikdujp6XkI9ej0cwjtfd3wXE7dmdicceGVtswaN52LR68+6nuwGq0MxyxKPII\/gi79tjdyVM9dJ+dXXXD7MeZXscC\/PFZwbf9nFjsI+E7VJ6GM+MwPsjxUkZQjhW7QkTJvpjv3uebbgjZZotHot4LCcPExb637tl9d+75S8cR4514Rjh2BMSJoz039abC3Qp\/QDTcEfpozEp07DxaNKIj0Ek0SV6hjZcOuqEFPka6qN35VHFPECbfsEQbC7aTmOPXoYJ7\/xxPSy7zfMcyx6pmwelUO+OXosJ7\/xbz4728\/Rpj9N4fKqL7+NYQR+mfPP+7v5uzoK19khluJBlyvWRI4j1x9tXPHGbfVS4F6VLGiwcO5AJ6\/yvt8vV1e5DGnk+alMg1KHypGMZaJww0H\/rhrfLrfl9937WBxyPU8lrrxuT47EiNfrHwn3obt8\/4\/U9UievvVJoPtrbE6el6\/1m\/e6ZMYSjuHhKJa54PGXEJxD0+xjGnFv+KAWjLeOwNhx9VtKjzpeX\/fBhR+5x3o1YIift0YwjPnKaXvab5e5+dj2O46HJq3vDN8ey8jhVP\/vVWlSueXXnqCHkPddI6dgxTBuz3G6Wq6vz9c0HdmTPwOYgsc9N+eX2mRyIXf\/zzkBBtQvzHlxfr7x\/s5CJTJ93sThjZsPrL+XOh\/uz0\/td+tgD9lkIj59hk8RgRAWIH3nEJFfgyWNaYQtyJCHOn9x8GMp\/cq8Tv05xBH1wDAy5P32AuDkR5bEfeQCD408eAHNFdJDmY6tQgtgzj+AYgv34Zkqo+ckDvLBJxIo\/tgolLPzkEbXlQgrAxkeecRjGffqctH9OO7+KEmR9fFvynEDeS7\/nXl5Cok9fLAxd9uGjJ6JEMJ88ImeO3TXhY7SAcONTYrJKTDBZnt7FiODToYulBxpMi7PDEN3TF0i7L6xuzodDPGMQ7emTMxfFTY\/o2UOY6\/EtMfJM+3r6AgahHl8N7wXZyIRqzqbBoqcUrwuV9s4u3lbCOU9ugJUBQ\/TRDRp4eXokGn2DS9MbJEjydJ08d75tprNmMOPJrBtd1SnPONOQw8z5Vrpqp09HUGCGq5IapszgrHjwn1wfdQ+Cm+6x+tqf0pCy2+jT4uzAEf50UZoiI+z0yQcu66frHpRCH40GjuWnYw+1cj6eKfH7Pl2QyOULtZNZiVt2hqAyyTY\/2hJxnz6lJp1ZfERNe1fnkzuaNiuDqhdnh37Ix1c2eX8ipiOhv3CGbXkVYNPtPnDrzQxGF6SRZSt+t5k1qZWdxcVZcYo9viqERs97ksNBr9WTi1TGBV8\/JrHl+czZC3p5zIszcQE9vcIps04Tfn+mrpon2kpsC1HJoSx+lCe8K3s9OdNhqrfjyawKXVkHjijuiKcyQem5cdNnqutghlg5M++nM4OJ\/3QdUqv8eUqIMMVnuDnnB0314OoDs\/kJOeq5sLWdvqFYuE\/W0Cmh57w4e7A+n44lcCw5PTrnxVKc4bGca37E82nUPdEIsiqFj8Z9aH894ct6j7VhukAPttKT6aq60j7agGLSPBlWIHP27SMSU\/PjyfVNWf8cprMutkK548P2wPB8U8YHlb7WnYsLI19W3erier15sxiXl5dDP+WL0w6FM7yDRxjpYh972EGLvidnTEVlEpbwseccNqh7wgJUvWvjEbN73Cfu6fRSreLCf\/xpk1ZsT8VpoxaI2MQfe9RhO7SZI0Xaao7ZwElbsqecTQ2zI2b3pGnY01NVtrA+Yq0eNfN6ulxBOb+ch4897bDt1uE5eXpWthfd\/t6b8e7Nwr0KPqcJMJLUw6T62tVx0tID38f6rau\/cwKXy9\/lkjJoF3MxtpvFWaylufxkONu38u\/l8u3Z68vl2zKw1c\/iKhi722q3Xktb1c166N8srjbru9uF6TZLOc7n\/YC8a\/N22b97cDCM3e3d8s1it7nrF+Za2Nfq7PX53W63Xpnd+9v+zYIfHu7oLnZvFvfr9VgtV9On\/\/t6PZrlanH2evv2Cu\/5\/frnNwuUHEqJt17Nt5R3\/rS+uNt25zLgn7ph20\/6cjkT39owWUVBHrzmd7ocHODRo17f7WaGLd\/+auP+xWPc9Nv+0Sil+8rO7K57buCvNlbB4eoaYu3IQ175Kr7KU8I14W24npsOSVFG8kCKF0KIw\/pi8Xh0UuvkThrfREitL7YF0NyEIcszMzGmiQ2YAF\/OJpIABKzZo4VNU4mUL70t2go1zdKDA83ZMgqTWNZI8NiEkqqMJjTogIESOG3GoO07WvRzatkuON3Pt8JbX+wb4Und6BC0BXzQ9ly2ivejNDVzhF1yikbnjb1Hda5F39h9ByDHtlFSFQZkxMA6JyJoEKeByPxE2yLwlyHiVNCmUZblgKwdr4iiqmAPvBufI9EuiTGnmEEs5mVTKZYFOnTQ8aWhnVSd30vVrNW+UqaWaRB84l4KENn4Cl+3ikmBi4jVhoK+e1ReorFV6U0m64U7mtJzXkZ5PwryWtBpWkJmsGcW346Bc7J1AfNiPSBq0LXA22hNNMfKUyDLfb8HwajZjo71Zvdj5kJXnIZlkyo2\/uPzKr7HaicuWRJOzXB\/McD70RGhjgtAUC59sSPMCGretN+CLVAe+31+GLRn5x80KyTKCQA9GiLXYiyJncLKbSjQI5ZPUOh8oicL6gBg6CpOO3BF7gU1ywMUnATkSQZEwWVPsYpQcQTs9KXqVLuQWe1chs4H96MFKDGwhNm\/DEWW7KuAHSCgP0iRpK2f2QI+6XJqlzMUunJU7n5khbzVznZse8aFYBsv\/sxVuB9TbXzWpiqsSHQy18zXo\/Ed8c9qNAQrGI0czn5AGDAGcI9C1aTjj+wOVfH50rR+bFjRzC0HtDCJzZZzyVuxeL5wB7RyUtoTQAETtIH7WHG5WQUaq\/Ye\/X8AUlpeIp1yeDKIBmjKgd\/vIzsP6PS0Zxwx8ZyuIMtprY7cgjehuW1tCk2RjrB6crAbbe+YyYZrvnfPfLiE2hZGCbyW0SZUyhPYiYfJotrXaZc+3QHllQDs4+rfjw076wGOypqEIXreVBF4pzYBC4S2C4DTaAxxzoThNqTlPbMBr6+BDObRoMOyXZ8wiTJnrLCCQXDy2Ws7UOP2xcGejcfAIgvLRYMiTDHyjbpDfJQ+3\/iDcxO4T7osGLWp9\/umS6Uk2aJVEAlKS2G5pBY9Pmrz0PURpbbk7qyrJv6V8hsg6ytmHBsHEmFNp2D0aGJ\/MnEtlb3URHrQzXa6el6ngNJvlTeWOBIV6ArNUFXU1PdjUHZMUsbBKl8r62vZTGXPofenK6KsGh0StWme5b7GqCCrivBV6aG7H9uW6MB1pTTOjrm6ZeAGDTmiHg1fwB7QCIYyw3t0h6txn0j1Zr+WyrQORuofRozNY28h93A0tN2gijE9LBx2LMShwiZDcrSmcfsmPdYQH42U5XTWQBUQVmIFG4E1+UH\/Hh6OXsXultp3kq23ADyHMUshd7gXKKWo7aU4HZF1nm0TucuqK0R2a8axJ\/G70lV1L6KdcunS1pIDyqA6MlQL3Five9MWrg7Y5VoHy96d2D+oHl6fByj3SrucKWcJImsjzxCkin7S19doNMAmixQjUMtwrp0yg1B4gfD3uvBu+VOty6AHRbULVxUS8\/cCR0AoX24hoFd4jJQ78Ijy7aGwutLvRtdSlh8alB4uZ1SjoCYHweMzEdDsXl\/xSna1dhoNmI0gDZSepNg2CBmnDZu1rxo5HXrQO2XI4UAw1NQ2KjIPngqc6b1UBzRrrbsk4B5B903GG+R8k1CoowmXBrETFQDbH4hbaoqY54lUjYrgwjywlm3cOXbobuU4ZGI\/F6rDwfAYqmVH17g\/pFlujEDTDqX\/FTa0JfXplorQQTMsbGhQJTJou9ZJU9cK2xhU3DtqiSp\/VFGUxYnaYJY8QQjGAVLEKmGJuIsgLMempWYvYGSUOp5CYNq2AIvS6nIpCmBFWCbV6ykf5HRQCY\/KD+TWfdPYAHWC0qDoyKGobIbbZINqmnXhwCqJVXpiUaBHyDRcgDhXabw3MKAEJQGYsaoIc5chza0pzUDJp9EAG8C\/oq7KiimkrMz+fkS3odI8tuhPVkVDVEuLLZAT6Rw4NkRq9vu+wPtD5iFPyYkrHE6V0soT7F76OhUiXjdLFxlLrBzdK234B32iIvgaoHd5uKukEjQSN5Vg1lR9gbSq2lyglFOdy5k9tRkcA5eVCdoHglQto0hLy3VvD00Z9k1WjdfpUVcz4l4wdGzWrt62NGGkbo3TRDoixm2RAqrme2XDTgdb9GHPdp6096Au1fuW2qRZ7hdYMWSi1X2kKpqqonh6In4BNLkoYMQQifd7NMSipOoZimywyZOg9l1VhlgXfsrVIwchyyN3ADQxDd5AsV7OerGIa\/TgzqrQOVX4KNF0PGorNLjRK+3ibCkqsvKG\/aEqxqcjVRN0vtaOn3VhPd7EB\/\/AngKp+Tk9C+BhutackXaRVw2chi1lWvng9pqc6ht277ywKmMcFluN4Fr1ib0RcPBlxZfmvW5sVX7ulaDCDe5HdIYtg+HSqomm8u5hn2QRGyqhBNCnXmgLNRrOtGhbhU9oB03S0l702wc5Rm2Ogy6jI2NpTaNrAUJiC3CrQOfeRFxfpLUMUZA2XTHNYANaEjIZlsOqFCltYaK4Mov93utOCtpUUrL1AOJjO3Cva+ULdwOHy2zuw04\/tugiqoAWe1zIzwG8DmSA45HZ9UAJxYWCaMsu9OwalJVEtXsOfQ5wZXlTpEHC1YVn+WIFVUFRBu2ew+FAqC\/H0vwgotS9QCPaWPwlsli14lJVVKT83miixuaLR0uIOB\/QXtDmKMpP8pQ\/K4fy2tj0QY40xddQgW\/5QMjC4pUisyK3BbHGVhChuJgkdEfpreYJPgElXM8CLQ+c5KiyzKp3pjgEwI6LdYjroTqQvFMQYNPCYva+sKqQNtqzuDI8GXyruxVltAC2U2LUUSuvAGeis40qcSWdUmJU8enVrLFqmYssqomC6KksUlrD+QZ\/kmf\/eswNok74gVCYU6h6EAakNd2yeChhIQHOKMjZeicPRNa5QpkjrJSJe7+Ipf+RMsmzvxMcaOTLAYyeK0qRVBPfCj4Q1Xbli1zUb1gFuvnKzVtBoaQeZ03xZqiv6llP8k\/7\/l6voknxVRzcq\/gqGvkobnv8zt\/m\/+Vv1eEtFX6pp9c8\/TT\/DbmjvLfy5lWscMn+i1o\/P\/zG95UvKt5RRvAqqqWJX\/b\/8MaHv5bn47f7g4AE4hC304DYdlMiKMu3\/ZvF7XpY7vqHaMv6bvdmIbGKTd9dLs5ef3lbnvNMgG276y5uJPDSX0iK7fSPt92qHxYzd+EP1TXfgQdfh7krdsvd0Esk8qqXOOt1mI7mbpjeNOC6xdnrYTn3h2q3OPtmud11q4ve7NamMxfL3Xuz\/snYGpnBZr0x41qABCTEOCzlQc+EpyaPv+nf6xJevFmMBw2NduurKwngXEgAEl++fbO4sboFt5t+u+0vNeBz9no5EwY6e\/3l8iy+8v\/xv\/53yub19rZ7tMYX67vV7tEG4rvf3djFmcuvv5R7DsNTL52X+9i83KnzSvk\/\/tf\/tnV74rzc4sw1v968\/Mfm5U+dl61bmVgKJ07M\/7obFj42sXDyxFL4j\/\/1v6NLJ04sPL9jX94NLzrI30ouzvZX3XWk9xysz0\/Lfrg8dYn+ZXW5vOh2682vsIH7zdped7hl\/fPHR\/2QnXTiyL8tN25\/+dCRHXPMWG\/67enjvOm3pltdGskI2LxdLze\/8oh1uYflqv\/4HDbSMuzkSaDR2K8w7OXqxr1k1KV32YnD\/j1v+1XGPR325Xr38VFrJc6Jg\/56uVs+IWrwnSeKycV6tdtIutDZHIPbDc99Xw2Ls3+WhI3C5J5ete2vPpCEhJsXH8mF2fa7NwvkhTwsST2\/Gv92vR56s+mvlpJlelSmzdzTn6gqmopyWGH1Cx7vnnm8VrL9gif7Z578UOX7Cx4ennk4EQ8OCE0Fnv6g5qqa8idWmb\/vVjf9pblcvl1ul+vVlsrz7dwd27tzyai+FZhl0YVtbf6f\/2O2\/dBf7ExnNut3oiz\/tFxdmuXOyEJd92bsbj9uHOwkfendpiv1dNuLzXoYSoJTWWHJiHqzwLW\/249XUmvlm5kHHrAJpkc93DQ5Ukep+ub8vflpudnuqqF\/2w\/7BZP3y2Kfvd5t5FezvVgLeVysSzLwxXp4syjJftv1ZvdmsVqv+o+eYV4plgjfdEAuu+sPvOqtfljdjWUFD1592W8v+tXlcnV13ADeLs7Exjnu1eezbG+7WZx930tp5dvebJf3\/Z7QP\/iwmw\/O4\/glvFmcfS3DMV+GR\/P4Urbsy7J95+vL97KL0\/LRy+VbVJ3vuvPl6rL\/GYyU3HmzfleGhDNwcMBf7y5FzkyX4d1U5X5GCP25e4sSh+3YDcMDg+PH11\/Kg3eXT1aGx+YtK1TOokvTK8+7zf4d04TDn24qqVd6lG9o69qk47INzS21q\/6r7W1\/sfteKmj327MR1oARYKTiAjBcwvf4993ycneN+pqFue6XV9e7Nwup6pUcZHFQTO7HMJk7\/GaxPJ+u5ilPVbfHx5YyLM4CrwKhzFGG\/6yEsem2LyWL0MbFWWjjb2SxaMMr+6npQgAzPhth\/PW6k2LhVfdi4kj14iyk+jfiWDRZAAQ+LXFYKZL5fNSxvV7erHcvFighyJRC+I04Fk14FT49cYTPSxzdL+Abrl2cBdf+RhqLxr5Kn5o0BKrh81HGeLftdssXk4ZUgYfa\/UYai5w+PddIn9NC+eO1gBwoZRSQp+NJQzAfznzzG9cQiNVPbqA0n9NCueqGTmpKX04bUs\/uc\/6NNhbZvsqfXKJ8Vuq4W\/Wr\/qUCxae4OPPpNwP2zSK1n0EN\/Zyejb+sN7vr6t\/67e7ljCM0izMfmt\/IY5HSK\/fJGUf6jOTxb4CRWSltlNjJ8ZThhTL8b5SxSPEzUMbn5hv9ZmUE\/FDJYxpwPJpIXL048+43D5hArr5qPrl79LNasru\/r+\/Xq8u\/392+2NMhDWXO3G82y7Wgsb1qP7k5+1nd52N33d+8WDGVXnhnLv8WcJPY46d3ngv06Gcjja+7283y7fLlpFELafwmVQRi\/ZX\/5KTxOa3ZP3Wby+72xZQhEFUu\/WauCGV8+pDK51Q3fli\/615sxkqbozMXfzNWBJPw04fppc\/I\/w9ejpcbsy6IHhp+00OlA9anlyj2cwbqv+5Xu003vJx3iKPD\/eboENr4DC4wwIV\/PqnSD\/35svrb9fLmXf9yErFSYGN\/y+WQAPWnD680n5N9\/GGz\/gVpo85KEaC1v1GGUMYnVzw+p0IqfQB+gcZRiw1b\/2bDSuLCJ\/d7fc6wyrd3HTpPvIwubJsWZ7b9ze0lSQufXhP1n5NjfNdtpa1FESal8\/YJxJGEONJvxPFm4T9HYmD4rD7R87X5ph+uustCIIe1cseTSBQS+S2fAyTyq+ZzfKmlTF+i7O1pPeFhKd6jQr\/Veoeqyt3dphvMH7rN7trY39l6RBm1\/V2sR\/Ofb+\/Oh+WFuVyP3XL1T6\/Md323MpcHRXRS97fqu02\/3T1XTvc7s+nH9a5f9dvtF6ZbmeVK6px7c7tZ\/\/ze\/LTeGPTKwq5t7za91BNKxfor86933Wa3LBV\/\/fb\/Muebvrv5\/1askFiUqgCK28y0zGSIMzKLQfsP9RR8EnOTUotKFBKrMnNLSzIScxRSC0sTc3QTi1IT9RSCQbcSKCQlFimAwlUhEXJQfDKoO54Kcjp0G6MeeB8j5t7FzAKsCRB2HQA4nAE=\"><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Mountain ranges, deserts, wetlands, glaciers and reefs, and how remote each division is from large cities.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Indicator derived from Natural Earth at map scale; a screening view, not an assessment.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/topics\/species-and-genetic-diversity\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Biodiversity Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-map-hud\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 Biodiversity Nexus \u00b7 field<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-map-hud-right\">DESIGN FIGURE<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-4-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Console<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Ecosystem condition account, in outline.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The working screen behind this subject: its structure, terms and states. Names are placeholders and values illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-biodiversity-condition\" data-cx=\"biodiversity.condition\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Ecosystem condition account: illustrative console with placeholder names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Ecosystem condition account<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">Species and genetic diversity \u00b7 Wetland complex \u00b7 Accounting year 3<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure's values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><ul class=\"nx-fk-kpis\" data-n=\"4\"><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Extent change<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k0\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">\u25bc 1<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">pct of opening<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Watch<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k0\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,7.1L10.2,3L18.4,4.6L26.5,6.7L34.7,8.3L42.9,8.1L51.1,13.1L59.3,17.4L67.5,19.4L75.6,21.1L83.8,23L92,22.4L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,7.1L10.2,3L18.4,4.6L26.5,6.7L34.7,8.3L42.9,8.1L51.1,13.1L59.3,17.4L67.5,19.4L75.6,21.1L83.8,23L92,22.4\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"22.4\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Condition index<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k1\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">0.71<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">0 to 1<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-d\" data-dir=\"down\" data-good=\"na\">0.02<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Watch<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k1\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,10.6L10.2,14.2L18.4,17.3L26.5,19.9L34.7,19.4L42.9,21L51.1,23L59.3,20.5L67.5,22.8L75.6,20.5L83.8,20.8L92,3L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,10.6L10.2,14.2L18.4,17.3L26.5,19.9L34.7,19.4L42.9,21L51.1,23L59.3,20.5L67.5,22.8L75.6,20.5L83.8,20.8L92,3\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"3\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Species of concern<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k2\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">9<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">recorded<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k2\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,18.8L10.2,23L18.4,21.4L26.5,15.5L34.7,14.7L42.9,8.3L51.1,8L59.3,4.8L67.5,3L75.6,8L83.8,3.4L92,7L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,18.8L10.2,23L18.4,21.4L26.5,15.5L34.7,14.7L42.9,8.3L51.1,8L59.3,4.8L67.5,3L75.6,8L83.8,3.4L92,7\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"7\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Restoration under management<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k3\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">463<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">ha<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Normal<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k3\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,9L10.2,10.7L18.4,12.1L26.5,14.2L34.7,13L42.9,14L51.1,16.7L59.3,18.6L67.5,18.7L75.6,21.1L83.8,23L92,3L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,9L10.2,10.7L18.4,12.1L26.5,14.2L34.7,13L42.9,14L51.1,16.7L59.3,18.6L67.5,18.7L75.6,21.1L83.8,23L92,3\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"3\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Condition declining<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GCRI \u00b7 Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Condition indicators<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-biodiversity-condition-t1\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-biodiversity-condition-t1\" aria-label=\"Condition indicators\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Indicator<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Opening<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">Closing<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">Reference<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-condition:r1-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Water level regime<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.7\">0.7<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.6\">0.6<\/td><td data-num=\"true\">1.0<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-condition:r1-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Native vegetation cover<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.5\">0.5<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.4\">0.4<\/td><td data-num=\"true\">1.0<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-condition:r1-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Invasive species pressure<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.3\">0.3<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.4\">0.4<\/td><td data-num=\"true\">0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-condition:r1-3\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Connectivity<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.5\">0.5<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.6\">0.6<\/td><td data-num=\"true\">1.0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"chart\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Condition index<\/h4><\/div><\/div><svg class=\"nx-fk-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 460 210\" width=\"460\" height=\"210\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Condition index\" focusable=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" data-fk-chart=\"cx-biodiversity-condition-c2\" data-fk-xs=\"lin,0,23,36,446\" data-fk-ys=\"lin,0,100,180,20\" data-fk-series=\"Measured|ink|l||0:39.6;1:33.2;2:32.6;3:31.7;4:28.5;5:29;6:33.2;7:35.3;8:34.7;9:28.5;10:30.5;11:34;12:37.2;13:33.3;14:35.4;15:32.3;16:28.7;17:24.6;18:22.2;19:23;20:17.8;21:14;22:17.5;23:15~Target path|acc|l||0:49;1:51.6;2:53.3;3:48.4;4:47.8;5:43.2;6:43.4;7:43.9;8:44.7;9:40.1;10:40.6;11:41;12:41.9;13:43.4;14:44.4;15:41;16:43.8;17:40.2;18:43;19:41.6;20:44.5;21:44.6;22:47.2;23:47.1\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Ecosystem condition account: the screen's structure, terms and states for Species and genetic diversity.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Placeholder names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-question\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The question<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Species and genetic diversity: how the risk develops.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Species populations and genetic diversity. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"2\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"6\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Several drivers at once<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">IPBES identifies five direct drivers of loss: change in land and sea use, direct exploitation, climate change, pollution and invasive alien species. Their weight differs by group and region, and most declining species face several at the same time.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 12h-2.48a2 2 0 0 0-1.93 1.46l-2.35 8.36a.25.25 0 0 1-.48 0L9.24 2.18a.25.25 0 0 0-.48 0l-2.35 8.36A2 2 0 0 1 4.49 12H2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Small populations spiral<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">As a population shrinks, inbreeding, loss of genetic variation and demographic chance raise its extinction risk further. A population can persist for decades below a viable size, leaving an extinction debt that is paid later.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M6 18h8\"\/><path d=\"M3 22h18\"\/><path d=\"M14 22a7 7 0 1 0 0-14h-1\"\/><path d=\"M9 14h2\"\/><path d=\"M9 12a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6h6v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2Z\"\/><path d=\"M12 6V3a1 1 0 0 0-1-1H9a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Genetic erosion<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Fragmentation isolates populations and cuts gene flow. Genetic diversity can fall faster than numbers, reducing the capacity to adapt to disease and a changing climate, including in crop wild relatives and traditional livestock breeds.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"4.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m10.2 6.3-3.9 3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"4.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"M7 12h10\"\/><circle cx=\"19.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m13.8 17.7 3.9-3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"19.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Losses cascade through food webs<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Removing top predators, pollinators, seed dispersers or habitat-forming species changes the abundance of many others. Hunting out large seed dispersers alters tree composition and carbon storage; overfishing of grazers lets algae smother reefs.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-terms\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Key terms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Terms used on this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">IUCN Red List<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">The global assessment of species' extinction risk, with categories from Least Concern to Extinct based on standard criteria.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Red List Index<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">An index of how the overall extinction risk of a set of species changes over time; SDG indicator 15.5.1.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Effective population size<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">The size of an idealised population that would lose genetic diversity at the same rate as the real one.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Living Planet Index<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">An index of average change in monitored vertebrate population abundance relative to a baseline.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-indicators\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What is measured, and how well.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each indicator carries its unit, its cadence, the kind of source behind it and the evidence label a value would carry. No values are shown: a programme supplies them under its own authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Red List Index<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">dimensionless index of aggregate extinction risk<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per reassessment cycle<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">IUCN Red List assessments<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OFFICIAL<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Living Planet Index<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">index relative to a baseline year<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">biennial<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Compiled vertebrate population time series<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Species Habitat Index<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of suitable habitat retained relative to baseline<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Remote sensing with species range models<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Populations above the effective size threshold<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of populations assessed<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per assessment<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Census and genetic estimates of effective population size<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Georeferenced occurrence records<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">count of records per taxon and grid cell<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">continuous<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Natural history collections and observation networks<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Threatened species in a site or range<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">count of species by Red List category<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per assessment<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">IUCN range maps intersected with sites<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Abundance trend of monitored populations<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent change per year<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Standardised surveys such as breeding bird counts<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"indicators\" data-nxf-kind=\"indicator\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/topics\/species-and-genetic-diversity\/#indicators\" data-nxf-title=\"Indicators\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pipeline\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Canvas<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">From sources to decisions.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The topic as a computational graph: named sources feed the methods, an evidence review gates the outputs, and the decisions stay with the authorities that hold them.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-plate\" data-wide=\"true\"><div class=\"nx-plate-label\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Pipeline canvas<\/strong> \u00b7 Species and genetic diversity as a run graph<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Design, not a record<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-figure-frame\" data-scene=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-figure nx-ui nx-dag\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 564\" data-nx-dag=\"true\" data-w=\"1200\" data-h=\"564\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-dag-g05-topics-species-and-genetic-diversity--t nx-dag-g05-topics-species-and-genetic-diversity--d\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><title id=\"nx-dag-g05-topics-species-and-genetic-diversity--t\">Species and genetic diversity: from a source to a labelled evidence record<\/title><desc id=\"nx-dag-g05-topics-species-and-genetic-diversity--d\">A source is registered with its licence and steward, checked for quality and coverage, labelled by evidence class, versioned and published with a passport; corrections create a new version. Design of the process, not a record of a run.<\/desc><\/svg><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-caption\"><strong>Fig. 02<\/strong><span>Nodes carry their type, two metric rows and a state; connectors show what feeds what; dashed frames name the owners; the timeline is the cadence. Design of the pipeline, not a record of a run.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-sources\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where the evidence comes from.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Named public datasets and institutional records, each with its licence class. Sources by agreement are used only under their terms and never republished.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it gives<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Extinction-risk assessments, range maps, threats and conservation actions<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free for non-commercial use, terms of use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Species occurrence records from collections, surveys and citizen science<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">CC0, CC BY or CC BY-NC per dataset<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Living Planet Index database<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Vertebrate population time series compiled from published sources<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free for non-commercial use, terms of use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">BioTIME<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Assemblage time series of species abundance at fixed locations<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Terms per study, mostly open with attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">INSDC sequence archives and the Barcode of Life Data System<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Genetic sequences and DNA barcodes for identification and diversity estimates<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public, no restrictions on INSDC; open with attribution on BOLD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">eBird Basic Dataset (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Checklist-based bird observations with effort information<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free for non-commercial use, terms of use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">National biodiversity monitoring schemes<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Standardised counts such as breeding bird and butterfly monitoring<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public records, terms per scheme<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/topics\/species-and-genetic-diversity\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Sources\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-decisions\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Decisions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who decides, and what the evidence serves.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Biodiversity Nexus prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Who decides<\/th><th scope=\"col\">The question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence this page serves<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Environment ministries and CBD national focal points<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Which species and populations need recovery action, and how genetic diversity is reported in the national strategy<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Red List status, population trends, effective size estimates where they exist<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Wildlife and protected-area agencies<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Where to survey, protect or translocate, and which threats to address first<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Distribution models, threat maps, record gaps<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">CITES management and scientific authorities<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Whether trade in a species is non-detrimental to its survival in the wild<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Population status and trend, harvest and trade records, the uncertainty in each<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Infrastructure developers and their lenders<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Whether a site holds critical habitat for threatened or range-restricted species<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Red List ranges, Key Biodiversity Areas and occurrence records at the site, with gaps stated<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-4\">Outputs this topic produces<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Species evidence notes with record coverage and gaps mapped<\/li><li>Distribution models with range and uncertainty stated<\/li><li>Population trend summaries that separate data-rich and data-poor groups<\/li><li>Genetic diversity monitoring guides aligned to the Kunming-Montreal indicators<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Core questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What experts ask.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Experts studying species and genetic diversity return to a common set of questions.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Which populations are declining, how fast, and what is driving the decline?<\/li><li>Which species are at risk of extinction, and how reliable is the evidence behind that assessment?<\/li><li>How much genetic diversity remains in wild populations and in the crops and livestock societies depend on?<\/li><li>Which species play outsized roles, such as pollinators, predators or habitat builders, whose loss would cascade?<\/li><li>How will species ranges shift as climate changes, and can populations move or adapt fast enough?<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-mechanisms-and-drivers\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanisms and drivers<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How populations shrink and lose their capacity to adapt.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Populations decline when habitat is lost or fragmented, when individuals are harvested faster than they reproduce, when invasive species or diseases arrive, or when the climate moves outside their tolerance. Small, isolated populations then face further risks of their own: random fluctuations in births and deaths, inbreeding, and the loss of rare genetic variants through drift. These processes can carry a population towards extinction even after the original pressure has eased, a pattern often described as an extinction debt.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Genetic diversity matters because it sets the range of responses available to a population when conditions change. Domesticated species face the same issue: narrowing the genetic base of crops and livestock can raise productivity while increasing vulnerability to a single pest or disease. Loss of a functionally important species, such as a dominant grazer or a pollinator, can change an entire ecosystem.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How the evidence is built, and where it stops.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ol class=\"nx-rows\"><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">01<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Population monitoring<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Repeated counts, transects, camera traps and citizen science records reveal trends. Coverage is uneven, biased towards well-studied groups and accessible places.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">02<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Extinction risk assessment<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Standard criteria combine population size, decline and range. Many species lack the data to be assessed at all.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">03<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Environmental DNA<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">DNA fragments in water or soil can detect species without seeing them. Detection is not abundance, and reference libraries are incomplete.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">04<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Population genetics<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Genetic sampling estimates effective population size and connectivity. It is still rare outside a few species, and its analysis draws on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/spatial-statistics\/\">spatial statistics<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How it is studied, and what the methods cannot say.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-methods\" data-limits=\"true\"><ol class=\"nx-mledger\" aria-label=\"Methods\"><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/ecology\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Ecology and biodiversity science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Species distribution modelling \u00b7 Population trend and viability analysis<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/ecology\/\" aria-label=\"Ecology and biodiversity science: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/spatial-statistics\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Spatial statistics and geostatistics<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Bias-corrected distribution surfaces \u00b7 Hotspots of change and threat<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/spatial-statistics\/\" aria-label=\"Spatial statistics and geostatistics: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/earth-observation\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Earth observation and remote sensing<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Forest loss and disturbance alerts \u00b7 Wetland and mangrove dynamics<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/earth-observation\/\" aria-label=\"Earth observation and remote sensing: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/causal-inference\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Causal inference and impact evaluation<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Protected area effectiveness \u00b7 Restoration and payment programme evaluation<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/causal-inference\/\" aria-label=\"Causal inference and impact evaluation: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/geospatial\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Geospatial information systems<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Overlap with sensitive biodiversity \u00b7 Connectivity and corridor analysis<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/geospatial\/\" aria-label=\"Geospatial information systems: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-limits\" aria-label=\"What the methods cannot say\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the methods cannot say<\/span><p class=\"nx-limits-text\">Occurrence records concentrate in wealthy countries, accessible places and well-known groups such as birds and mammals; most invertebrates, fungi and marine species are poorly sampled. Absence of records is not evidence of absence. Population indices weight the series that exist, not the species that matter most. Genetic monitoring is new in most countries, so proxy indicators carry their own label. Biodiversity Nexus does not list or delist species; assessors and authorities do.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-15-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-15\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>Why do different biodiversity indices show different trends?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Each measures something different: extinction risk, average change in monitored populations, or habitat retained. They answer different questions and draw on different species, so they are read together, not averaged.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does a species record mean the species is still there?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. A record shows that an individual was observed or collected at a place and time. Distribution models and recent surveys are needed to judge current presence, and every map states the age of its records.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why monitor genetic diversity and not only species?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Because genetic variation is what allows populations to adapt to disease and a changing climate. The Kunming-Montreal framework includes genetic diversity in its goals, and it can be lost long before a species disappears.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why care about genetic diversity if a species is still common?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Because common species can lose much of their genetic variation through fragmentation or bottlenecks, which reduces their ability to adapt to disease or climate change even while numbers look healthy.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Are extinction risk lists complete?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. Assessments cover a fraction of known species, and many invertebrates, plants and fungi have never been assessed. Absence from a list is not evidence of safety.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can environmental DNA replace field surveys?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">It complements them. It is sensitive for detection but says little about abundance, age structure or breeding, which still need direct observation.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-rel-16\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Related<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-rel-16\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Around Biodiversity Nexus.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Related\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/ecosystem-integrity\/\">Ecosystem integrity <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/forest-and-landscapes\/\">Forests and landscapes <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/wetlands-and-freshwater\/\">Wetlands and freshwater <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/coastal-marine-biodiversity\/\">Coastal and marine biodiversity <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/restoration-and-nature-based-solutions\/\">Restoration and nature-based solutions <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/ecosystem-services\/\">Ecosystem services <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/\">Biodiversity Nexus home <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/counterparts\/\">Counterparts across the Consortium <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/\">The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation home <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/trust\/\">GCRI governance and trust <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-17\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-17\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring your expertise to this field.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The current service level is R0: information and enquiries. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"mailto:contact@therisk.global?subject=Biodiversity%20Nexus%3A%20Species%20and%20genetic%20diversity\">Write to the team <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/species-and-genetic-diversity\/#faq\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/species-and-genetic-diversity\/#webpage\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why do different biodiversity indices show different trends?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Each measures something different: extinction risk, average change in monitored populations, or habitat retained. 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