{"id":177,"date":"2026-10-13T10:57:51","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T10:57:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/?page_id=177"},"modified":"2026-10-13T16:06:13","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T16:06:13","slug":"wetlands-and-freshwater","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/wetlands-and-freshwater\/","title":{"rendered":"Wetlands and freshwater"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- Nexus network page \u00b7 https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/wetlands-and-freshwater\/ \u00b7 source authored \u00b7 generated by integrations\/wordpress\/network\/build.mjs, never edit this file --><script type=\"text\/x-nexus\" class=\"_iub_cs_skip\" id=\"nxe-fig-engine\" 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auto;padding:0 16px;font-family:ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,\"Segoe UI\",sans-serif;line-height:1.55;overflow-wrap:break-word}#nxe-n5skwrjd.nxe :where(*,*::before,*::after){box-sizing:inherit}#nxe-n5skwrjd.nxe :where(section,header,footer,nav,aside){display:block;margin:0 0 32px}#nxe-n5skwrjd.nxe :where(h1,h2,h3,h4){line-height:1.2;margin:24px 0 12px;font-weight:600}#nxe-n5skwrjd.nxe :where(p,ul,ol,dl,table,figure,details){margin:0 0 16px}#nxe-n5skwrjd.nxe :where(ul,ol){padding-left:20px}#nxe-n5skwrjd.nxe a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}#nxe-n5skwrjd.nxe table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;display:block;overflow-x:auto}#nxe-n5skwrjd.nxe :where(th,td){padding:6px 8px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:inherit}#nxe-n5skwrjd.nxe svg{display:none}#nxe-n5skwrjd.nxe svg.nx-i{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:-3px}#nxe-n5skwrjd.nxe :where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n5skwrjd.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-hero\" data-layout=\"dag\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-title-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-theme-toggle\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Appearance of this page\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"light\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Light<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"dark\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Dark<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"auto\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Auto<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-folio\" aria-label=\"Document reference\"><strong>G05 \u00b7 TOPIC \u00b7 wetlands-and-freshwater<\/strong>GCRI dossier \u00b7 service level R0<\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-grid\"><div class=\"nx-hero-text\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Established<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-accent-row\"><span class=\"nx-accent-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span>Topic dossier \u00b7 Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><\/div><h1 id=\"nx-title-1\" class=\"nx-hero-title\">Wetlands and freshwater<\/h1><p class=\"nx-tagline\">Wetlands, rivers and lakes cover a small part of the Earth's surface yet hold a large share of its species, and freshwater species are consistently reported among the most threatened. These systems store floodwater, filter pollutants, recharge groundwater and hold large stocks of carbon in peat. This page sets out how watershed and wetland resilience is observed, how pressures propagate along river networks, and what the evidence means for the authorities that manage water and land.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/\">Back to Topics<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-canvas\"><div class=\"nx-plate\" data-wide=\"true\"><div class=\"nx-plate-label\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Systems<\/strong> \u00b7 around this subject<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Design, not a record<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-figure-frame\" data-scene=\"true\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-biodiversity-condition\" data-cx=\"biodiversity.condition\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Ecosystem condition account: illustrative console with placeholder names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Ecosystem condition account<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">Wetlands and freshwater \u00b7 Wetland complex \u00b7 Accounting year 3<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure's values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><ul class=\"nx-fk-kpis\" data-n=\"4\"><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Extent change<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k0\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">\u25b2 1<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">pct of opening<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Watch<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k0\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,15.7L10.2,13.6L18.4,16.4L26.5,19L34.7,21L42.9,18.1L51.1,19.6L59.3,19.5L67.5,23L75.6,18.1L83.8,13.7L92,3L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,15.7L10.2,13.6L18.4,16.4L26.5,19L34.7,21L42.9,18.1L51.1,19.6L59.3,19.5L67.5,23L75.6,18.1L83.8,13.7L92,3\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"3\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Condition index<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k1\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">0.64<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">0 to 1<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-d\" data-dir=\"down\" data-good=\"na\">0.07<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Watch<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k1\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,23L10.2,18.3L18.4,12.1L26.5,9.3L34.7,3L42.9,9.3L51.1,7.7L59.3,3.5L67.5,9L75.6,17.3L83.8,23L92,5.3L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,23L10.2,18.3L18.4,12.1L26.5,9.3L34.7,3L42.9,9.3L51.1,7.7L59.3,3.5L67.5,9L75.6,17.3L83.8,23L92,5.3\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"5.3\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Species of concern<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k2\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">recorded<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k2\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,19.1L10.2,21.6L18.4,22.2L26.5,13.6L34.7,23L42.9,17.7L51.1,13L59.3,11L67.5,13.6L75.6,4.2L83.8,3L92,8.3L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,19.1L10.2,21.6L18.4,22.2L26.5,13.6L34.7,23L42.9,17.7L51.1,13L59.3,11L67.5,13.6L75.6,4.2L83.8,3L92,8.3\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"8.3\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Restoration under management<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k3\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">407<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">ha<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Normal<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k3\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,12.2L10.2,8L18.4,11.6L26.5,10.4L34.7,11.1L42.9,12.4L51.1,10.9L59.3,13.2L67.5,17.3L75.6,21.1L83.8,23L92,3L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,12.2L10.2,8L18.4,11.6L26.5,10.4L34.7,11.1L42.9,12.4L51.1,10.9L59.3,13.2L67.5,17.3L75.6,21.1L83.8,23L92,3\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"3\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Condition declining<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GCRI \u00b7 Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Condition indicators<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-biodiversity-condition-t1\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-biodiversity-condition-t1\" aria-label=\"Condition indicators\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Indicator<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Opening<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">Closing<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">Reference<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-condition:r1-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Water level regime<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.6\">0.6<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.5\">0.5<\/td><td data-num=\"true\">1.0<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-condition:r1-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Native vegetation cover<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.6\">0.6<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.7\">0.7<\/td><td data-num=\"true\">1.0<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-condition:r1-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Invasive species pressure<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.5\">0.5<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.5\">0.5<\/td><td data-num=\"true\">0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-condition:r1-3\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Connectivity<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.3\">0.3<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.4\">0.4<\/td><td data-num=\"true\">1.0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"chart\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Condition index<\/h4><\/div><\/div><svg class=\"nx-fk-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 460 210\" width=\"460\" height=\"210\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Condition index\" focusable=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" data-fk-chart=\"cx-biodiversity-condition-c2\" data-fk-xs=\"lin,0,23,36,446\" data-fk-ys=\"lin,0,100,180,20\" data-fk-series=\"Measured|ink|l||0:48;1:42.1;2:40.1;3:41.9;4:35.6;5:30.7;6:29.7;7:24.5;8:28;9:24.6;10:27.4;11:23.5;12:18.5;13:13;14:13.8;15:11.4;16:11.5;17:15.8;18:15.2;19:9.3;20:7.2;21:6;22:6.5;23:6~Target path|acc|l||0:49;1:51.6;2:53.3;3:48.4;4:47.8;5:43.2;6:43.4;7:43.9;8:44.7;9:40.1;10:40.6;11:41;12:41.9;13:43.4;14:44.4;15:41;16:43.8;17:40.2;18:43;19:41.6;20:44.5;21:44.6;22:47.2;23:47.1\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Ecosystem condition account: the screen's structure, terms and states for Wetlands and freshwater.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Placeholder names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-caption\"><strong>Fig.<\/strong><span>Ecosystem condition account. Design wireframe with placeholder names and illustrative values, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section> <nav class=\"nx-index-strip\" data-nx-spy=\"true\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><a href=\"#nx-sec-brief-answer\"><span>01<\/span>The short answer<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-field\"><span>02<\/span>Landscapes and remoteness in\u2026<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-question\"><span>03<\/span>Wetlands and freshwater: how the\u2026<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-terms\"><span>04<\/span>Terms used on this page<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-indicators\"><span>05<\/span>What is measured, and how well<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-pipeline\"><span>06<\/span>From sources to decisions<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-sources\"><span>07<\/span>Where the evidence comes from<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-decisions\"><span>08<\/span>Who decides, and what the evidence\u2026<\/a><\/div><\/nav> <section id=\"nx-sec-brief-answer\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">In brief<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The short answer.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Wetland loss is the drainage, conversion or degradation of marshes, swamps, peatlands, floodplains, lakes and rivers. These systems hold a large share of species for their area, store floodwater, filter pollutants, recharge groundwater and hold carbon in peat. Pressures travel along river networks, so what happens upstream shapes downstream habitats.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Landscapes and remoteness in Mozambique and Malawi.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Mountain ranges, deserts, wetlands, glaciers and reefs, and how remote each division is from large cities, shown for Mozambique and Malawi as an example geography for this subject.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-map nx-cmap\" data-nx-map=\"ctx\" data-cmap=\"mozambique-malawi:biodiversity\" data-ramp=\"green\" data-basis=\"case\" data-focus=\"0 0 2000 1400|638 156 1367 1314|805 76 1028 624\"><figure class=\"nx-fk\" data-fk=\"map-mozambique-malawi-biodiversity\" data-ramp=\"green\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Mountain ranges, deserts, wetlands, glaciers and reefs, and how remote each division is from large cities.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Indicator derived from Natural Earth at map scale; a screening view, not an assessment.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/topics\/wetlands-and-freshwater\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Biodiversity Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-map-hud\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 Biodiversity Nexus \u00b7 field<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-map-hud-right\">DESIGN FIGURE<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-question\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The question<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Wetlands and freshwater: how the risk develops.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Watershed and wetland resilience. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"2\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m12.83 2.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 6.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.83l8.58 3.91a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0l8.58-3.9a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.83Z\"\/><path d=\"m22 17.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 17.65\"\/><path d=\"m22 12.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 12.65\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Drainage and conversion<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Wetlands are drained for agriculture, settlement and infrastructure, and peatlands for plantations. Drained peat oxidises and subsides, releasing carbon and raising flood risk, and the loss is slow or impossible to reverse.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M7 16.3c2.2 0 4-1.83 4-4.05 0-1.16-.57-2.26-1.71-3.19S7.29 6.75 7 5.3c-.29 1.45-1.14 2.84-2.29 3.76S3 11.1 3 12.25c0 2.22 1.8 4.05 4 4.05z\"\/><path d=\"M12.56 6.6A10.97 10.97 0 0 0 14 3.02c.5 2.5 2 4.9 4 6.5s3 3.5 3 5.5a6.98 6.98 0 0 1-11.91 4.97\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Flow alteration and barriers<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Dams, weirs and abstraction change the timing and volume of flow and block fish migration. Floodplains cut off from their rivers stop receiving the floods that sustain spawning grounds and wetland vegetation.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"4.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m10.2 6.3-3.9 3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"4.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"M7 12h10\"\/><circle cx=\"19.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m13.8 17.7 3.9-3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"19.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Pollution travels downstream<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Nutrients, sediment, pesticides and untreated wastewater move through the river network. Excess nutrients drive algal blooms and oxygen loss in lakes, estuaries and coastal waters far from where they entered.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 12a10.06 10.06 1 0 0-20 0Z\"\/><path d=\"M12 12v8a2 2 0 0 0 4 0\"\/><path d=\"M12 2v1\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Resilience lost, risk shifted<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Healthy floodplains and wetlands absorb flood peaks and sustain dry-season flow. As they are lost, floods and droughts reach towns and farms faster and harder, and the cost moves to infrastructure owners, insurers and households.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-terms\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Key terms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Terms used on this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Wetland<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">An area of marsh, fen, peatland or water, natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, including marine water up to six metres deep at low tide, in the Ramsar Convention's definition.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Ramsar site<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">A wetland designated as internationally important under the Ramsar Convention.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">River connectivity<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">The degree to which water, sediment and organisms can move along and across a river system without barriers.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Peatland rewetting<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">Raising water levels in drained peat to stop carbon loss and restore wetland function.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-indicators\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What is measured, and how well.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each indicator carries its unit, its cadence, the kind of source behind it and the evidence label a value would carry. No values are shown: a programme supplies them under its own authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Wetland Extent Trends index<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">index relative to a baseline<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">periodic<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Compiled wetland area time series<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Surface water extent<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">square kilometres<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Optical and radar satellites<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">River connectivity status<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">connectivity index per river reach<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">periodic<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Barrier inventories on river networks<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Environmental flow compliance<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of months meeting the agreed regime<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Gauges against the agreed regime<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OFFICIAL<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Water bodies with good ambient quality<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of assessed water bodies<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">periodic<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">National monitoring reported under SDG indicator 6.3.2<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OFFICIAL<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Freshwater species extinction risk<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">count of species by Red List category per basin<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per assessment<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">IUCN freshwater assessments<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OFFICIAL<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Drained and rewetted peatland<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">hectares<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">periodic<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">National inventories and satellite mapping<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Lake chlorophyll-a<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">micrograms per litre<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Sampling and satellite water-colour retrieval<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"indicators\" data-nxf-kind=\"indicator\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/topics\/wetlands-and-freshwater\/#indicators\" data-nxf-title=\"Indicators\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pipeline\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Canvas<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">From sources to decisions.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The topic as a computational graph: named sources feed the methods, an evidence review gates the outputs, and the decisions stay with the authorities that hold them.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-plate\" data-wide=\"true\"><div class=\"nx-plate-label\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Pipeline canvas<\/strong> \u00b7 Wetlands and freshwater as a run graph<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Design, not a record<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-figure-frame\" data-scene=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-figure nx-ui nx-dag\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 564\" data-nx-dag=\"true\" data-w=\"1200\" data-h=\"564\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-dag-g05-topics-wetlands-and-freshwater-leap-t nx-dag-g05-topics-wetlands-and-freshwater-leap-d\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><title id=\"nx-dag-g05-topics-wetlands-and-freshwater-leap-t\">Wetlands and freshwater: the LEAP approach to nature-related issues<\/title><desc id=\"nx-dag-g05-topics-wetlands-and-freshwater-leap-d\">Locate the interface with nature and sensitive locations, Evaluate dependencies and impacts, Assess the risks and opportunities they create, and Prepare strategy, targets and disclosure. Design of the process, not a record of a run.<\/desc><\/svg><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-caption\"><strong>Fig. 02<\/strong><span>Nodes carry their type, two metric rows and a state; connectors show what feeds what; dashed frames name the owners; the timeline is the cadence. Design of the pipeline, not a record of a run.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-sources\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where the evidence comes from.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Named public datasets and institutional records, each with its licence class. Sources by agreement are used only under their terms and never republished.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it gives<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Ramsar Sites Information Service<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Wetlands of international importance, their boundaries and reported changes<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public records, terms of use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">JRC Global Surface Water<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Surface-water occurrence, change and seasonality from Landsat<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">HydroSHEDS, HydroATLAS and the Free-flowing Rivers dataset<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">River networks, catchment attributes and connectivity status<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free, attribution and terms<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Freshwater Ecoregions of the World<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">A biogeographic frame for comparing freshwater assessments<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Global Peatland Database and Global Peatland Map<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Peatland extent and status from national and remote sensing sources<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Terms per dataset<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">GEMStat (UNEP GEMS\/Water)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Water quality measurements from national monitoring programmes<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Terms per data provider<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Copernicus Land Monitoring Service lake products<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Lake surface temperature and water quality from satellite<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/topics\/wetlands-and-freshwater\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Sources\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-decisions\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Decisions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who decides, and what the evidence serves.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Biodiversity Nexus prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Who decides<\/th><th scope=\"col\">The question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence this page serves<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Ramsar administrative authorities and environment ministries<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Whether a designated wetland's ecological character is changing and what response is required<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Extent and condition trends against the site description, with driver evidence<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">River basin organisations and water regulators<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">What flow regime and barrier removal sustain fisheries and wetlands<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Environmental flow compliance, connectivity status, species distributions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Land-use planners and agriculture agencies<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Where drainage or conversion should be refused and where rewetting has most effect<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Peatland and floodplain maps with their carbon and flood-storage function<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-4\">Outputs this topic produces<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Wetland extent and condition maps with seasonality<\/li><li>River connectivity assessments by basin<\/li><li>Watershed resilience notes linking wetland loss to flood and drought exposure<\/li><li>Restoration priority layers for floodplains and peat<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Core questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What experts ask.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Freshwater ecologists and hydrologists share a set of core questions.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>How much wetland and floodplain remains in a catchment, and how well connected is it to the river?<\/li><li>How have dams, abstraction and drainage changed the timing and size of flows that species depend on?<\/li><li>Where are nutrient, sediment and chemical loads degrading water quality and aquatic life?<\/li><li>How do wetlands change flood peaks and dry-season flows, and how reliably?<\/li><li>Which freshwater species are declining, and which barriers block their movement?<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-mechanisms-and-drivers\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanisms and drivers<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Flow, connection and quality.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Freshwater ecosystems are organised by flow. The seasonal pattern of high and low water cues spawning and migration, moves sediment, and reconnects floodplains to rivers. Dams, abstraction and channelisation flatten and shift that pattern; levees cut floodplains off; drainage converts wetlands to farmland or development. Each change removes habitat and also changes how water moves through the landscape, often increasing flood peaks downstream and lowering dry-season flows.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Water quality is shaped by what enters from the land. Excess nutrients from fertiliser and wastewater can drive algal blooms and low-oxygen conditions; sediment from eroding land smothers riverbeds; chemicals accumulate in food webs. Because rivers concentrate the effects of everything upstream, the condition of a catchment, including its forests and wetlands, determines the risk faced by communities and infrastructure below it.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How the evidence is built, and where it stops.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ol class=\"nx-rows\"><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">01<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Hydrological monitoring and modelling<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Gauges and models from <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/hydrology\/\">hydrology and water science<\/a> estimate flows and how wetlands modify them. Gauging networks are thin in many regions and models need local calibration.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">02<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Wetland mapping<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Radar and optical imagery map open water and inundation over time. Vegetated and seasonal wetlands are often under-mapped.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">03<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Biological assessment<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Indicator invertebrates, fish surveys and environmental DNA reflect ecological condition. Methods and reference conditions vary between regions.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">04<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Water quality sampling<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Grab samples and sensors measure nutrients and pollutants. Short events such as storm runoff are easily missed.<\/p><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How it is studied, and what the methods cannot say.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-methods\" data-limits=\"true\"><ol class=\"nx-mledger\" aria-label=\"Methods\"><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/hydrology\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Hydrology and water science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Environmental flow assessment \u00b7 Flood regulation by wetlands and forests<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/hydrology\/\" aria-label=\"Hydrology and water science: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/earth-observation\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Earth observation and remote sensing<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Forest loss and disturbance alerts \u00b7 Wetland and mangrove dynamics<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/earth-observation\/\" aria-label=\"Earth observation and remote sensing: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/ecology\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Ecology and biodiversity science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Species distribution modelling \u00b7 Population trend and viability analysis<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/ecology\/\" aria-label=\"Ecology and biodiversity science: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/geospatial\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Geospatial information systems<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Overlap with sensitive biodiversity \u00b7 Connectivity and corridor analysis<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/geospatial\/\" aria-label=\"Geospatial information systems: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/spatial-statistics\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Spatial statistics and geostatistics<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Bias-corrected distribution surfaces \u00b7 Hotspots of change and threat<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/spatial-statistics\/\" aria-label=\"Spatial statistics and geostatistics: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-limits\" aria-label=\"What the methods cannot say\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the methods cannot say<\/span><p class=\"nx-limits-text\">Wetlands are hard to map: seasonal flooding, vegetation cover and small size defeat many satellite products, and definitions differ between national and international inventories. Water quality monitoring is sparse in many basins, and freshwater biodiversity is among the least sampled. Barrier inventories miss many small weirs and culverts. Biodiversity Nexus does not designate wetlands or set flow regimes; Ramsar authorities, basin organisations and regulators do.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-14-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>Why are wetlands so difficult to map?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Many are seasonal, small or hidden under vegetation, and they grade into dry land. Radar helps under canopy and cloud, but field verification remains essential, and every map states its definition.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What makes a wetland internationally important?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Under the Ramsar Convention a site qualifies against criteria such as supporting threatened species, significant waterbird populations or fish spawning. Designation is made by the contracting party, not by an outside body.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How does wetland loss affect flooding?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Wetlands and floodplains store water and slow its release. When they are drained or cut off from rivers, flood peaks arrive sooner and higher downstream. The effect depends on position in the catchment, so it is assessed basin by basin.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Do wetlands always reduce flooding?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Often, but not always. Floodplain and upland wetlands can store water and lower peaks, while wetlands that are already saturated have less capacity. Effects depend on position, size and timing.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is an environmental flow?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">A pattern of river flow, in quantity and timing, set to sustain freshwater ecosystems and the services they provide alongside human use.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why do freshwater species decline so widely?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Because rivers and lakes integrate pressures from entire catchments: habitat loss, altered flows, pollution, barriers and invasive species often act together on the same water.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-rel-15\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Related<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-rel-15\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Around Biodiversity Nexus.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Related\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/ecosystem-integrity\/\">Ecosystem integrity <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/species-and-genetic-diversity\/\">Species and genetic diversity <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/forest-and-landscapes\/\">Forests and landscapes <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/coastal-marine-biodiversity\/\">Coastal and marine biodiversity <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/restoration-and-nature-based-solutions\/\">Restoration and nature-based solutions <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/ecosystem-services\/\">Ecosystem services <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/\">Biodiversity Nexus home <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/counterparts\/\">Counterparts across the Consortium <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/\">The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation home <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/trust\/\">GCRI governance and trust <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-16\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-16\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring your expertise to this field.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The current service level is R0: information and enquiries. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"mailto:contact@therisk.global?subject=Biodiversity%20Nexus%3A%20Wetlands%20and%20freshwater\">Write to the team <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/wetlands-and-freshwater\/#faq\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/wetlands-and-freshwater\/#webpage\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why are wetlands so difficult to map?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Many are seasonal, small or hidden under vegetation, and they grade into dry land. Radar helps under canopy and cloud, but field verification remains essential, and every map states its definition.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What makes a wetland internationally important?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Under the Ramsar Convention a site qualifies against criteria such as supporting threatened species, significant waterbird populations or fish spawning. Designation is made by the contracting party, not by an outside body.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How does wetland loss affect flooding?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Wetlands and floodplains store water and slow its release. When they are drained or cut off from rivers, flood peaks arrive sooner and higher downstream. The effect depends on position in the catchment, so it is assessed basin by basin.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Do wetlands always reduce flooding?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Often, but not always. Floodplain and upland wetlands can store water and lower peaks, while wetlands that are already saturated have less capacity. Effects depend on position, size and timing.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is an environmental flow?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A pattern of river flow, in quantity and timing, set to sustain freshwater ecosystems and the services they provide alongside human use.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why do freshwater species decline so widely?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Because rivers and lakes integrate pressures from entire catchments: habitat loss, altered flows, pollution, barriers and invasive species often act together on the same water.\"}}]},{\"@type\":\"DefinedTermSet\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/wetlands-and-freshwater\/#terms\",\"name\":\"Key terms: Wetlands and freshwater\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/wetlands-and-freshwater\/#webpage\"},\"hasDefinedTerm\":[{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Wetland\",\"description\":\"An area of marsh, fen, peatland or water, natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, including marine water up to six metres deep at low tide, in the Ramsar Convention's definition.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/wetlands-and-freshwater\/#terms\"}},{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Ramsar site\",\"description\":\"A wetland designated as internationally important under the Ramsar Convention.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/wetlands-and-freshwater\/#terms\"}},{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"River connectivity\",\"description\":\"The degree to which water, sediment and organisms can move along and across a river system without barriers.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/wetlands-and-freshwater\/#terms\"}},{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Peatland rewetting\",\"description\":\"Raising water levels in drained peat to stop carbon loss and restore wetland function.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/wetlands-and-freshwater\/#terms\"}}]}]}<\/script>\n\n<!-- nx-rev:54a198b66a06bdd9 -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>LightDarkAuto G05 \u00b7 TOPIC \u00b7 wetlands-and-freshwaterGCRI dossier \u00b7 service level R0 GCRI\u00b7Biodiversity Nexus\u00b7Established Topic dossier \u00b7 Biodiversity Nexus Wetlands and freshwater Wetlands, rivers and lakes cover a small part of &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/wetlands-and-freshwater\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Wetlands and freshwater&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":149,"menu_order":368,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_buddyx_sub_header_visibility":"","_buddyx_sub_header_title_visibility":"","_hide_show_side_panel":"","_buddyxpro_page_sidebar":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_header":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_footer":"","_buddyxpro_page_content_width":"","_buddyxpro_page_header_style":"","_buddyxpro_page_color_mode":"","_buddyxpro_page_loader":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-177","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/177","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=177"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/177\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":320,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/177\/revisions\/320"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/149"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=177"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}