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0xiOVFYb6c+6auS9IssC1pHISoISXzhsRb+BBKJdfuGZw1qdDHlo9Vu4ScvHWCa72Eh4m2Gwiu3EcNBFMdBmXKf4XK1k89nvpQnFSgaddcoLP9OdI38HtVwq4BfMciVEs4N1+v80QhaoO6RlvIX3nTbRHyi7TD9LQqdLi378ToLfYFv3iHjtQIKkw7apzQlG\/L\/dz3CcPDJYhx4xsfuvTvFbrZwMUGnbDa+d1wlN2gyDcx7U3ewqu4cV3JuiL7SuhDMN2Acq7v1MYBXA7CKJiqOLYkElLfALpAg8IQyKTov4wvzXU2XzzAUjonEywCS8ovV2HEnZ2AH7NvVJ11zK+S5ViXwqYwqK6t8\/PVZDe7kt0crCZ6jI9uQyYp52aT2+UIfpevAoFteZHpLp5s0TVs0gkNm7Q\/RxL6elPcMiuqKrVNxx8aVOYYVua6BpUZk2m6slctM1bsJ5dmu9vpNiiuKG9HdspJZy6YmrmySufwR3c2s6jqOG\/vJD64U\/u8eQXtkR8OSBKzHYFfnLvt4dvV9KxyeYmwcdaTtRMlpvjy4CB4QO57d8b3ruR7b8b3nvj9cc73vuT7YD21Ouv2uDpLJrVTVkTVkrIvBTudajlfudKBwnGfbMx1DB1kikIlGgHfpjz3OOSKAqYHWA\/BZDOdv2dVpnFCRHBtoxuezzhMbxmnvNFItOu9zMxmYtn4td60H+SaMwvy5W5jY71kifOtuT+NZ+Apa9S7F0Li7i2rvJxgnSf7VQtilHoDFTQ3eSFzveguBpshuyyVJrP325LEls27k52Iv5rsmsT1lsuczgC1T6X3nNneGIyg2r0RvXuxE+3gCeyKdt079+q\/9BadOTrZJuWODDGW5WO2yy3xI7MrVUeZGMSKLBvCROiCHLJvQXT4f7XD2SB8aU7DPJk5FKSPCeLk0bvQ9ejDtw9DwOI4Yrgshl7eaREj60ZApS0jfAWTgEp3Qk01HN1XLrZ+88FNsRhLt8OPLRzmlQKP+vHzh4wbdj+6YT1oFouVZX9QZ0RIRJdFcXfDmVCG5m2LKHAEIu0ezZ2LvP1ADheIGhvNNII7sTwyimkMyzu0hdJ2Psz1veQDP8y9B8cvZ4ffLxzazzrt3DtOx90PO4N1+zHnm2I8H3C86Vr64NPNcJB3PtxmDvhuZ5uu3TlHm+N\/1I75wAMGpwY32aAf1FaHND8c01v3PseAqi3TPKLbD+qDiPkZzsD87PKaQeTS+v7lAeQIuFieOmI7K3XEZMUKIDCCELllsDi3M4QGdbtClnNdcuXs+drdwuwfndhN\/OCpu1XZP7qev92C7re3f3SzEMRe99vfPwbpLoFh9zvYP4IoSbOI\/D46+0cvdhMn7X67+8cw8T3X6X576P0AuF39R3\/\/CO3t1uvfD\/aPWRa7W0h+J6i+XbSFXf8Sd\/+Y7oKd27WfePtHZ7eDONcV+u3vH5NdhDyQyO9g\/5gGgRN17Sfh\/nFnRwHckd+xbe8f3diNXdgXIIpkPgzcvgCRBEQgSroCx94\/BlvP9rO+wNk\/+rEfb6O+wN0\/emCbgb5S194\/7hJ\/rMN19o+RF0Qg7Qvc\/eM2jZKs63gDwf7R3to7u\/sE3djvH53IAQ4cS9z9o2M7rtOTBzk57R+DOPTCvm1i6330Qi\/xfVJ2qEG7f3RcJ3Tip\/FSeP\/ogyiM0776Z4hecj2vXwxHkHLpw7buunsb8wH8zA2CTf9fFOnavXEERbV\/tGM7sbuu4avCvQzWvr9y3SsM8sOV7F7p1jzelO2l8SGDV+1eHecyvOPuJ8XZ\/hZ1PyY\/lQFAkoFXzVghOTde+uaQE8n4MAEXxEy6ZyU8UI\/qHEfWDdTIqvEh+tU96OVE1kDclW4k+YG771CAxT65xHlixfD3HNaf7M8unnYHyY49YyN3j3\/p4wQR73mSADHw\/sPkPn1WqmJPavIdguWVGaJJfj28QPssEBT3S2O4y8KR+4EwiWE0cj\/E7VJ\/5H4uCNM4GrmfnXpZFI7cL0vhrueWiPtlcZyF6cj9Mi+K\/WjkfukucNxs5H4gdH03HrmfC7ZRGo7cD8Zh5PkU94tB1nNrxP1gChya+8FoGwN\/5H6hG9h9fZj7wQj9o7gfSKAPfYr7BSCJkojifmkWj3Ug7gcCkKYexf2CcBfFO4r7xTD0AcP9ktAFgOJ+Xuzvdj7F\/SDM3CyguV+WZEkWM9wvczO355kd94viXQAclvslYZL0HSTcDzowhCz3CzMQ9sMi3C8NYJC5Avdzo40XbQJ3Y38OpvjfNmD4HxnCTWkkmYSRf67nP9fzH2A9K8XMLqN08uWhcXB60\/6A1LoAMd+5wneu0Xee8J1n9J0vfOcbfRcI3wUm3x0FuhyN6HIU6HI0ostRoMvRiC5HgS5HI7ocBbocjeiSCHRJjOiSCHRJjOiSCHRJjOiSCHRJjOiSCHRJzOgSCt+FJt\/Fts1\/GNu22ZeO+KVj9qUrfmk0G7Ej9tYx660j9tYx660j9tYx660r9tY1660r9tY1660r9tY16u25avgvz1Vj8iVSTvhPsde7wbclPPCfaqKC6C+RMsN\/ihUcg29BkvCfIldXo1afxUafDb8UpkbrMkN\/jNRN\/mOsgpp8XJC7HOZjLFiYTW6LnBf42dVEc6Cv52CgI94vgiZrw2fxQ+L+Y4RwgfyuEHb\/kHhnuJnyp4GUp0mN+4+y9dHAhHgEyMTsrHzX1tjcmEze+z67Iav\/jho7o\/26tgGKlysPVhcy2PXxPlzObnW\/m0s89JpkJ7RNsIUVUcN0u1ttu33C40lkxwHCURJ7ra4eJX02xs0Tlh8X2c0A65HL9HGNeC6XTtrW4OwNy3AeevnofK82tsiBcbtQcha1\/0kLyEyDqXTGovVG80gJSNm\/oZ2lHmdyBujyFLvG1d4DM1LbAskuAN\/OoEzp9AISwMx+U84exVcUqS1NZuwP4cdM9EmX\/uafUUNiUOE9YjjRVoflRQaY97uVlylilyGVexBFlK9+W+FEgx2iHpNA2UUOcDLcW+IGyuHjftS+0g+2z1yhiZkfuh1JknqYdUnEpjbY3x6XhKzzeTfK0sGOTuv0yr26HDC93womOOl9o80JFAVP\/BtxLLJn6\/mc9576Zud0aHBOO\/JMs6pjejpOQN\/\/y\/VG3JCunjsCh9w8pi6z6aGqRq7KN6VVasRaMlA0smq0WgpdTZrXXx4u54dvksSM\/+EG\/+T+h23\/N\/uBJlIkgUh0dGcK31xavZbKBv\/5Dg2e82IGuPAgDE2vOMK0zNF5u758HbLYh9RRF4rYzYH9i5yZ9ysQC+16zoIaHIClWvjl4YT8E77mG\/MvKuRvnV\/lx4p2gQpVoVScM1snCruqfb3qLulANXf0WOlXNa\/fWEJdxAygqkxvEJDMS5YJlVF44zohYopXihmNqMCgCKtPrm2sjU41NFulHhLOmCjUUQ9Z1TluDZ3VSr6kY8u1XScwTc\/uKA5NjS4r4hpR+qiAbUQlhutEmclba23bRCy6Goo2wwe3KCn+EmB70nhnHTp9eUDedA\/fxHhvAkxmBt7A1wne8kZVp7u0UhTWLIZbLwdvv0VSYTpWgBgW+p7RkpNhrbWiWsrBoj+Gjet8ma7TWAi8KwXzEg69kgAqJBuGByjhUzglVq7xzupTJ5GB5jhIo1LgJWMMH10zr18e2mNejm2MKAum1YEaAm5+BeKZgIPw9XbBBMb1hoyVqXuycqI59iFJB8jPYzWk+N3M\/7oqh6mkAVxMKfEykxR2ZFjx9wuYVe92BuVmsChjZnIC9TMOikRL+KrcsOhWZr14e5zUHGspw6IljzPIy9bqJELSR0OULnT2zjWdMSNLkcytmm2aaFM9MV24Z017jb+eAU8m39uhuLfNTVFCT\/m9upn7KcUkriaoaKZkTEBRVJdWtyQZO8kfac2VVQtNucAN\/fSMeUgBQYrvJucDUBlzv3pi2ZsuZlMxtQYyOXVC42OXWFWWslUrJ4QUU8p0Nac5OJhL6rNg1IRRwaLQTIVz\/6l4Afc9OfSQLh2Ps+ALwmYwUAC5jpJfefk8+DRf50C98nUeO3ovY8Hd1zwX5mdzs6C25FKrqrsro2YapU6DRY2aspu6ejWmSlLdMD\/5uD4o65bpVqyrppFLborh38Rk+uaSvE4KqJdw7yvzICTAu0k9y2YKQYcY6raE6Uow9gJa8A9nNdzvuVajv3orj27An0Hcw+IV3H2t2Z5k8jYLqpMxrG4pGHEYY\/WEVCrcC5iCTza+ONmm01sa24duFuZU5pWlJ16an2QquGuqKacotmKR0CgVYIwPFPhWifQmbnhP97V1kqa6xfw6GizotofoM6upsnZtBP1prnhfykQcqxR11DZDHb1NeMTnqnpz98bSzezapJynnrQ6UAqdyQjwJeowi6DMT30KrTdS78qTuE6t4qrVONG94l7y6Jmi76Dipp52HOkc6v76DN+zGpxgM3TsmtXVidqlP9pq\/OWo40OsAh5gmS7NqIKcEbGbkzQntuAZxJnD5XfSU321WPBSV+3k0N2ZdR5NWvv7M3xfcMvO5PL1GRdD2rVI4T9EuwqNv8xu5ImPD9V53ntQ489E+UHKkV\/5yjv3P8N7PuHrmy\/QHKNeEl+\/cw2bBmrcSZS3x2b1fc0Zc7R2RX3N5+bxnOUYR4mkZFBmThVoaEQSOoIz7K82vubXYSWLHXEm9g5TITo5mAptBsUUzTt6BaYq5UIFgjrApM7oC3GZ6H1WIorgkdRnxbzqOi8PdN3YoXBMWT\/tEcM6SyIrJLMfeLKY9yyu3gTfipmNzVoASXUp2+tsY80HuKaNiY54nwI+8dFTk9RVUcSg7l9Dd3oTNV\/pGikHE9+npjupigKcG4jzXuK\/JN5YNw9y1R4ZyJs8eX4nHr326OPr8D7v2J\/E1jqvm8ZoCIe5YEE3EGiIJ+wsJ7R+9F2exctp+uqh+yQVPmFAbqHOPt+3KngZG8kKdxINjDV4rrfzzm9FHffw1V\/kBsN3ZA+yFo+md7V8eBr8vIQTh0057FF8T3Q2Y3LZT7yKd5o\/vMG49NO6cmCwkLGc0VR1++UBNAksU3ywcMOl2xUSFk51xJnXixQquzGjSgo6vPe379mPYbpFucsq7z57ytO0gD8W7P5ZJ5ZCX1mbNhyDUbPsDVgRc4pstRpKX9tHedp39XcZzq\/zo4+W3QSxzRJSEZFmhsVSU8lUxITsU\/pOWh83Ma9LJtfksu+oqxh5f2gD09IucVnoF\/eQq+caV28Y6wJ5cGKAuRXJI2CvzCKCpe0pTJNhaFrN7ceZZbRbZ5H0yBCuj6Blj7BQ12oN6Fz1jMpJ8Zkxl8nt0rrGqvY6ofwK6lJnrqFP4egOOjF\/XlgTuswJnfTXefCuzmcPAbx2uXQ9PpeuIP9Ptv\/1b3VVwM4EOnamTykw+f2K\/v7rrxTMYncKb2edxLQz\/cy2O5Y6bNd+WXeSjKnWwPRUiNycChvX9OzuAsETp1TcpOtpOp72SBLz4q70NRKUiHkhWCbT3h0TVfFtyijGm2gkXCGczRU0vU+LuXsd7XRsQuBCK8w2eFrgFBgztnRarNKW3cE4F8\/2JmF6in+jVtOrxK6\/nZ8y\/Q+1pdr8rA2MjnozSgEzPhDaCWwOpT+yad1eCCz+idgCNBG5yyUvmHkJ3ObnFUHWFGN1mDgk38TwM6Em5efVDZuwT\/7E3UNNtTd3E+KvWsVtwtPsq6OphoxN1ssZH24o1ceHzY0u\/ojNujoPfQw77BOd5dgwhqeW8YB+l9OSKbWokORIxaMR6J2npMjPFsoT2ek3nwL7l5mBtQk4T9zAjretruy2tQN0d6WRv6a4MNr+fW3OoGT0k5mXt6iOXr0uYdO+f7vecdeItUtisgdDoUno8mT8KY8hWsP0ksDUOlU9VA76rUrElT2vflUqhIzrATIL09YYzLlFSlzxbn09WVUCQbl\/tIETughlk5R2+NWpG3ruWJi3CBHUCzAyNSkjuJQI1jp0sqEUp4PfP3rJ1gdjpYhL7x+dwPUxRjUp7ICm2eYRmPQj3EGYjS0lPVCml0YZBsrsy2uYXGqE+hn7GCm8L8cZlRFCuZ\/tAFVeVmjq949hvA2jcXjfLXv\/mPjRjurdd8vZP8IwSaKMKkNArR4gQKx9mbd\/3Gapk2ypMgTYmgG4o79F8yE0XYO8RK07qU\/gXKlihMKabLNkxxa7+0c\/iz2MPkoVI8T23S7OMrbYR9CvMKKKm7J6zUBRoGa92PO3tvjI2T+GQRDEkkfu\/nHnR14ai4+8\/WPixWHmio8QQmwGd3Q3qhx3IQIBcG222EHTsQM+YIsR9noGIEUnXOwh1HTgxS5b7O8f0XKBY5NHCFrUpB87rm+zxQ5Cfne3vsMWIxz7OAAYdp4qxoC6wPdDttjHOLwhYAmACe0HwTZhixGR452X+GwxXmOJD0O22Ns\/piGMsi1bjJrE\/xmL26qGqM00Al4AuHIEgQtCQG1uUo7R8z3bC7lynFhgm259rtzfP4Z+GibjTmgaTNwwiz0ImFK0kNOAXt+oFLUYuonnMaUe6p9PMx9UikbpRn4wUvBQgKYhwLeOvSH\/Z3+OojXDoKpXFgffD6jnz+8d+6FmEfwO94+u43shxTd6tP6tHe1oToWGELtxlqRDaQ\/8u\/WjEIxLLKsO+0c7czJ6tPjMf7Q9O7QTthRVbKdOTC07HEPQ4KUEXEARonvg7B+3nhduM\/6Bi\/ZS4IYB\/wCt4WAH\/Ih\/QJaUQ\/HvF3jA+wb4wE2YUrSGsyjzA6YUb9Q4o2iIShGqdRDbW4cp9fePuwza9GlxPuNxpkxrqNTZPwaoNbYU5a5w44haoqjUw2wyoyYBlaLWYuilYymAdTc222NL+60CmFLEEVxmxKgUEdMGUcjWgCmZ7qg+pBeyS3zgZR5XjNqzQ586Y3ExmkB7Z4fc2x7KyBHbEVeMmozSJKaIAbpl4wWBzZRicgYgAkypi\/hm5CdsDd7+Md4BSHElVIrYepjCjGbUSFgnBHWpg52UY5JufXp343IXcyvfS7hyRFY\/zgK+fkxY6FGETYrqkqJ23cyj6yHlKPNHEngB5MrRQvW2cRRx5egwdcGOoiIpR8DpYQog1e6xIEeKC2iWccSHmA9CQC1sVOpiyWBHHRGoFMkQbhpSSxiVkuMEUEsNabqEuGjFs8VoNuEOUEsbF2Ns+dRPAVuMKBumXgTZYpLnxaYInuXkNMmyNAxDthjhzmfAplYsLkb46FkIvJQtxivWizyubjyXu3gX0wJcVUPEc\/0stsOMetAc60uMcscwYkBiNeAFlCXYP6ZpsqMkmgTBrjfN\/jH202jHyJSwJbJu6Mb0Yk+spK7OiDfGEcWtE+tSx0hezrJt5tJC5alqQJ7sH6G3Awk1rVaO2HuSpRGkS2OAbt73jxGMIloiaJEDIZ7bLIyZ4xY\/QCLRLvaDiH\/gYs5je0JVmCWFkgeY4F7sQ5rgF1hYWdU0eUFkry3gn5aXpICglgwUPz6+p3Ulk8XRQ7xrJTTFD19zNA1ehprln8V5hWfbo0687tEBVpLZIM21VQ0OEEvEkN6s5HHVHvEZDbbsMAFWU4I0CP1xMZ5hdS5gx7MBxbO7Bw4RYX3hAeJpdkRvpe4BOSvsrfCAHBd27JvlSOE1uSRIQ4o\/d7kLwsyHkNXkeIGRaHJplDqJx2tyAYggNdlEk0MbJg05TY6rFWtyTuwGniNqcm4cJrFtrsmlkROHtkSTi8AuBB6ryUVJ4NicJpdGsUeJQESTA7EXJ6wmF4CY5IugNDnbCUPq5Og1Oa7pXpPbwQRAR9DkfLCLUk\/Q5FwnDKn2ek3Ojz2wg4ImtwVOBlypJpfukiiTa3Kxv4uhXJOL0jBLoFSTC4EfU0cMrcn5gWdHoiYXR9uAklh7TS7dxn4oanK7JAl2QNTksh3ki32kHwdplAiaXJZCD2wFTS7bgh2173pNDiK9IhM0uThygZcImlyQOSF19PaaXLJLE5gJmtzOixPoCppcEO+CJBM0OTcLt5xyjUcZe4yW1Gty3IoeNDluVQ+aHExgmCaiJset7kGT41Z4p8lxa7PT5HZuEqSQ1+QgzBzKZNNpcpkPgkjQ5GLXidxYpsm5gb3p\/zutzDkup8zBLcyyiFPmEj\/dwoRX5rYg2lESR6fM+WHgBpmgzOGdHrDKXJrBiDZ0EGUu87NtFovKXLqDQeZIlDk3dhLKzDEqcwESKKFEmQOR7wWZRJmDSUQvY0qZi6EXAV6Zy1wIk5hX5pIwTSiZsFfmkjgOd7wy5\/kR9DNembPTgLajdcocBJmbhLwyB8LUjQCvzAURSELAK3OuF9lhzCtzjutDSjTolLkszrw04JW5zE1SStLvlblsF\/k7XpmLw9B2Aa\/MbSPPc0JBmctCuEsdQZmDYRLstqIyl+6iIBWUOWCHobcTlLnQ9xLKvtopczCDaRbwylzixym17TtlbudEUWLzylyQBfYu4ZU5z3edIBOVuSzLwiQRlbksTbMoEpW5LIo9iqiDMge9LXR3ojIX2z7Jccgpc5mfBZTFa1Dm0ihNqEN2UOZiP46TQFTmonjn0ypXr8yFdrjbbgVlzredwOeVOS8O3CgWlDln51AHU6fMBTDZha5Emdu6ojLnJh6kquiVOQ+xkkBQ5qIscSiT8KDM2UlIjaRX5hI\/8LxYVObCxKfOtl6Zg1lEm1x6ZS7dBfRm6JU5YDuJkwjKXJDYwAYSZc6Jw9gDojIHwgiEvkyZ4zSeQZnbJYnDSO6DMudlUbbLBGUOhrvMtkVlLg0CyJT3ylySbHeUYNEpc\/hiwpMoc0mUuLEvUeZ2WZwkMmUuc1N3C+Yoc9wsjMoc8FzXUSpzIfSB5yuVOWGgtDJn21s3dhXKnEBTSpmz7R3celJlLkrClFEJRmVOmA1WmdvGYRarlLkd\/o+gzEE\/TSjz7KjMZWlmUxxkVOayMKElg1GZg9GOPnhHZS4JAuDFEmUOqaaud78kgn8qfH8qfH8qfH8qfH8qfH8qfH8qfH8qfH8qfH8qfH8qfH8qfH8qfH8shU\/hfvp6ulrofYTkt8cwQPjncZ8U4HT+FCBwiM02fDludqGNUqxJ0ikaBFi9nvbZpSiapIawvHZNOLb9chzBLd47cAtV1GoCyhfQrH\/8FTnFgryE9QpV\/4lqfodyvam8VpmhIk98NNwNziFHkshZKweHRKxXf1m5KKWcf35br9WUQ2GNByhLMNn755Luo8GuRd9r6Th7RXrNBOs7YmRn9\/gI8hr5H09iX8g+aatLcuwSZfYYDl3Y8qEGMZtD7SlHW468Sv6EE5Ths7gJwbQ2\/ofiH7iA1YmKu1QGJxLIPObwMgq5FipJa3AQ6kDjj\/PyoK6ELEeZJz4eHHJwl+WFwT\/YuBR1G2XVJHV+bmWtkAifYYWhVb0m0T\/IBVwe3uXzYQ\/lm4UjHhqYVGUK6nc16Qd61RCk70PENN9Tk1y+iD+hLD8b5eMa5JqnBEutUb9wzkv1wzY\/qx8e87K9qnYmVhLXT9YrjJ\/z1kKvpXV1trK8QAaluLjUnxzMJflHK\/qZwjtf3KEWCWPSx1tRu8rGQSYoPxTTbfJ4LZ\/5c52ftPPeLXQv\/dClPqyuU5XCLw9uOi6tvv3Ngm8xfGFjuCi5ejyhD6Y9OBRVDPmPr5gP5gUO9ydHwBJqeKlVlcX7wq50X5vu0o58uomn8JqEE25G3N7Q2Kyk4P1Xav5oP9Gx2ro8HWykkZAwTJYvbDDbSEOmSCzZuDdthHPLfIlM1uuNcAYyTxzZkwlyzKUhSTqniysNnsYgLULYDvKPCBtINOxZgGejU4ZpmUSEpXkNO1GDxETO4F3TOwWP4ctDdYbluNzJwJjotAkqMD+6LHS354ARF5PjwxNZIDg8Kqvq0351OZ9hnYAGLj6k1Wn9jNKSy5P4URkI3T5+e8jtN1\/snOq8NPUfkyyeoW9o20\/TQ+3HojnmMBAgH9aHA3rPBSILWyGTYZoKyXNtNlv77Hj\/8q0\/k634IB7a\/TMxFYyMMIvDV4fZSIqqgbMYiYVgaq6CWocKCG6hFcMjeMnRsDpVjknKPQaiz4E5xNeC1eXMAnfZGuTc\/ovVb2wFMxWvidq55dzvHZ+LdlUk8pHyAW3EKz4D3mFtFpOOU4oygelkp2DyM\/uoQzuUZSTvYFluS0guRw1cmnm8p0KHHrgICGuog1Fj1apDnvBIgxoNBrTIGmn4Ns73Y\/pydZ73fl29WnF7H4xEDXc9wuR5gCClY5jpDLH9ntOAvS7UkhQLoLnUGUggmxZIARmHwOA2I04qUz6xhDg4ZlZ1JqShK1YcBZNnhcrCwsid1Kgneo25Dc9HOsQKM6NfV08JTvAqHuM80Icp7L2Cqh3ItaTpCWmKbdefbNdq6uQqMm8Rt2QR926rCqlcowSBWDSSjb1Qt8HwZ3MF\/+p8NRSd0IHwY5LnyGyhBNbbGfc7Oip4xHfREjndmBQkQaMI1j28KuYyNDSJHDRcwTTkzEfbXZTiYVJFXdohY9Wg64gMg1bSt45aFuLOuH9WMOp4k+DvPFy4lOdqmfycYb0AJmW658\/FCLRFQBh2u94PF6Zn+KM5FaR5NUJkmoK6d0ZSrdbuU1p7TU2WBK5FVM6VrMClFRyvg5TqFwO+TuluUyJ0fyLe7whSvX67N\/DM4zj1eperwLrxFEDhS7YvkurMwV4EjVqWdaNfpi6XhcNzlVDb8+Vp7WHHitv9LgiFQ8xc2sbCr4mwvdQKjRogBz58O4MyHeWojcE3nOh11Xbiaam6gImQ5g1CRE3lbfRPx7y1KFL9UrTCROqbWTUvB7U4TUuzg32pAzfWi6sNPFyN2IPIClwNdJzmwtIcT510Dykrt2\/IAQKPPnXDD9t\/NMjXvENJMOlIDNMhMkwbX34SEuIFNKZcGU72gGVS+PewtgKdENhVLAPsv9sO69ow29SMqWxKeZoe18dv7L4lQ809OebnD1bb04oR6kURwxPF694UbGyWdfiD0GeMzj1m6NPPuJa9g9kPTUsjYaL7lbNyKNxHThywDdK84J2qM6Tqe0Xv93n4dVuaTUashVuLGTqP8d9TmkErRnYrZ8wo8fbqRBq5cUZliFp60X7Mz3IRR9UBnhofw3RRv6wanJRy+AQkodHJjhuhcdcnANcXtzEao\/SWpkFBa16\/PNTglctfgCYc1MgXNM1h2X5yvCCFhw3Nl5Az6HojunYtcQGZ6mALaxSfM9XJyBY6mbdsH3Eg1r36yDrsaE+SkFFR+0Nk1Cd\/QxaS9XjLbMs0T8rhDrnz+bZUA9VeRc28dOqGNtfyBtq2zuOOIdv9ucAcBxRSs+cLHl3zpEjB1KqTUjmuWZ9AQfl2dKKGxhKZow0mOWl0F1Fo+P1FlINWwAaVEJhkglxNKKSzSigyQlLd2h9B86m\/qyzA+\/qq645hn\/RNMnYE+tI44nNwRtyVYDg1ms735SYQZOHGUUzZamDrmoEY3F9n6dxm3YjGCV7dajC+g7XY8X6WuRh31sxivLhTxrZV0hmUn0\/WGdKJiDILU\/0JtI0P2tJU289lFSvbjnQW6e5KkVDMCm+0UbsKC\/W0VEeueq\/MVmcNDavdLAF67n2nsRw990wRDRGR3qnJ\/OoekUyu5Btcgk5epOoMBVO9oswArJ7\/Q+9TrLfTk1WKVuTgwU2REP+Jmv9kBfYvGwuDtEuyW+z6TALiXes8V0zU47kSzVRqiqDfqkiu6ZiwSTYKWc+nckb4nGthn+p7lmshGtECIlhH\/kQWHLJGb3x9Tc1YU+dJdt9bLX3rdfWq9bBHL3BmDhOHQsrfg1m8OLPaZI9GpQczQTb7EUVofUXP+oE9L0invthjE\/XnRd+fl+s9rx\/PeTnBjeqejP3db0D79zqM1R+nxhz8Qo2TCZF+zHZUxoeo4Ns6sewkfmzT7qCoKdZ1z+8SeCzf06jO5Ajqlk0KojEIn0H9rDSJUKEWg1prqKPhii20tK\/YJ4BwVbSnniFrXMUILOvu0XAr8DmaqjtLFtYc9iUozzqoazRwf+VNtYf01KvQDK3Wcg1JmnFNmnlVtEIJU1xLk9MA4o5WN18a7fRbroCH0bMIeQyTU9FxJz4aXWRRDXezlBfwQMxxCmdv6fUXZ8nQ136CLWB8b4mw\/WHOW6hNZCllCEZsp4yLoz1BcKu5xAvOVlZvthVexouPqq5jJJ1OAYZsOj9LKkHtx6DmGaJZhqnJaimPnNMZmXyROXUzbRWXfqc1w+4EKyzBbVqLZY6kzJWUeZIyfz170D3A0pKBj9\/OHPyIILWWlzuKcldR7inKlxCkypcRA383lxAYw2otljmSMldS5knKFgwagU8tGTT5buagCYrWWixzJGWupMyTlC1c+kuX\/aIlL1vusqUuW+ayJb5o0Ah8a9GoyYdzh02wxNaSQkdW6MoKPVnhgrF\/XzLu77PH\/N2y1ygOyf6FK3bWqHDlCw\/cNSpchcIDb40KV5HwwF+jwvmz3yza5vizuTPfCJscQ7mJRa5Y5IlFC+abYJEtGXD\/5cwx9wBra1mpIy11paWetHQBCV5QhuT548efzRw8BnhbC0WOWOSKRZ5YtGC0h\/N5yWjxZzNHiwHm1kKRIxa5YpEnFi0YLYD1ktHiz2aOFgPcrYUiRyxyxSJPLFowWoRMt2S45LuZ4yUQe2uxzJGUuZIyT1K2ZEGDRewLfzZ3QQOBcWF8P7HIFYs8sWiR6F2AepnsjT+cLXxjmMG1pNCRFbqyQk9WuGDsGBtwydi7D2eOvYM6XEsKHVmhKyv0ZIVLxn5cpHHhz+aO+yjoWxhnUSxyxSJPLFowWuR7smS45LuZ4yVgj2uxzJGUuZIyT1K2YNAIpXHJoMl3MwdN4CbXYpkjKXMlZZ6kTD5oxiWPIE6qrqwpUMrJmjBEpbYi\/MZ0PQTSUl8TeWeyLgyCqa0JvzFZTweaqa2pe2eyLgSzqa0IvTBZC0bl1FaD35ish6B4aisir0zWlCdQW00uj+Vm6iAgodpqyCvT6xrvJ01N3YZ7MoplFKt2pqp2FlftTlXtLq7am6raW1y1P1W1b1j1hCkIedosswWRL2cbgwg+7VpW6khLXWmpJy014NB9DzT0HTppWJczXZdjWpc7XZdrWpc3XZdnWpc\/XZc\/WRdCxtVyI\/TCvT3ly7cvD\/HrHWa8r+jm6e4runmu+4punui+optnGVUEDvV9iI0quguxUUV3ITaq6C7ERhXdhdjkJkVTU3fVYlSPM1WPY1aPO1WPa1aPN1WPZ1aPP1XPNOuikM310v343qKzn4JIn26ne3FxQxhsfboZ\/NriRmSWGUkj+LXFjSDw9+k20FuLm4hzA1LF+XJCHaBBAwd4w0wQPHuDuSAvLm4II+NPN4Nfu4cYS4Dvl4ix\/ZczxdgezX8tK3Wkpa601JOWTlpXUHRGI4umUXjJCHhr3h39ivmIgoUuqv24lJEfttQ9\/n9\/Iq7xs6KR+raG1YCQ1JGsC2pkvKHamQAiltcDMTNS9Bb5cE5Mb4KC26EsntxC49qvcFAz9v7ye0xWiXc1cpxrWqtp3wuo8KG\/yS0Md\/N6DxxW7GT2utE7xr\/qQtlZN9kpqCq9ixjL0FAeQD0vQ29M1oPzDGrrwW9M285QHkOuHpLI8ZS\/fcrLVVMf4g1nS0PfrFdB8MsGr8QzqGE5bYIkqQ5ntkU+Wq88m22M0eqQ\/y1MV9Ivp3r1XSvufjdQ279rBd3vBsr6d62I+91ARf+uFW6\/Gyjm37Vi7XcDmZbkk+QqwbtLi9I2ZKKc8vKtWsg6vUsg2YUgnkVOoihgDLbNBGrJCIyGgTKtjnVgri97ABE9Ql8ATxviPwzBO+bFYZGxXPmPcP0UA1QiczgfGlh4fwyW29A+hFhmA\/gPLlCsh2eeFSdGZskM90iD42G2sD8A+sggZHJy8IaQRSdYXrBEYPxBXuam7zav+Rkjtn8wKtJEzoGO\/5CQTs\/VCjuIHhOoGAKEI51swfWYUGL\/J6EkfUzyGhxK5s7efoiGcwPJhnV4pywJDjUnODBLg+vIAibdAVxu4C4a9ohVthvQ1MeNexui+lAP4WMYCnUqunvEjjSO8lw9x4vCUsbgqPMbgTC463pfHiRaVUiUMI4iZxKz6FRlKgCbhm7tkHMkimQ4oLH9TLnCSFcd9oGIYTJJ2ZkMZDgC0OdfHvKyOcOkHQ8BnGFuY\/j1CYLmUkPu6wFfIKmrpkG0VA\/iGb7rBd7tiCtAQQ1MIAz08fp5+clDwfkbeoUgprZeUxtmsD78Fz6A0OL256YgwtSfewChb\/hMNx3Uzex0Q5LsQu7HZBfCvUaGJFlWAJ+xPM0IBB9q\/ZrmL0sQBVyj2ldpSgWa3kYDkhVHZZ0M5dqj1upFYP\/NrHyM+VZbLRKfWegZn5VFoj8kdqMjIj7px3iL8jUbogk1+IdTwxBsxao5gaK43inaFqtTJmaUYMwKF9AZH6dBM3SSyTxLCe7sXCaMP\/r6q9S+MvGVBab00PhKg+RPBCcbyT9zzgT9TpAZRu6J9zhq4gNGuU+Z4XGChgXEwNuo5wvw1aohGvEsLDjcM4Y76imv1jDQ\/0vAGTV65VELOEtmoIEkrWGat40CAUFmFV2ITNA19LW5nNAaMDlpBlAX3mbGXyUZt7rf99JfCluQF411AvUznazMqDrrRID89McLAZqDSVV3WasvZQrxAuYfGQP74u+GagwzX5E+sz\/n2sInVxCRyvhaddd\/cgnOqJ2vRX6dXKZGNa0IZedlaNLCO8WwoGGpxsE5FLyYNUIX9iW9xoywx5ekmCc63aEGaKF\/eQBtgaKumF5hjtFX3J8O3M0DvmJQgJLW8AxB+8lxN0zGPmxWuJxKi2xaNCiU0236ppWQSkRHmvji66ilthdNEm7m5SMsziav9hwVk4CMC+Gm\/wXJ\/eVqa9i1nqsytexWf1lZDiFujRS+oVr\/hzZXfHtptOlIF8J9I5JcNQrTIj7PHEu0mmDAo6jOUGYhx7GT4zRiTrDwXOrSD17leTdutn+qoG2l5s+feGR4uunoUzISpUbRcnJB0RrtP6NfIsMa528byhlW19iVwGXvkwKczp98bOfZ+i\/HTYi\/m8g+NcCw1iMEjyodlOPqKyTJmnGN+IJTk1iiGxrBzKaa27q\/aORK5m+bzl2+nciAIRWPwk6qZ0yjEfmvETo2SgeBLwsMMLEJqx9xqT8K53pGOxjFWeDTDId1KTQqOkmAq+VGDF7zxgQp2QBUi4ITJkrr9MvYA41UHehzm6KEH+ycGiK\/D0uA2rCCc9YUWBiG1ie7hduK1D7R40EKX2OdngdZnlp46Dgb8VyRIVU8N6YdN4ZWpZ2auEvlGRIeB80uhkqnL1t6foO\/wxX7YcffJFcm2wnulpekcz6Ssn\/89QTTHKw+nWuYwbqxapheEphap6r34kS\/1Wy7yxpLJ\/rCqpPYgSvtmZIUucQVksiuaXUCefntijhkinTtPePfVT0XYHTwSq14vQpcCoiGOYrXwwApaoW25iSq4SFvkBEG4XviEvgOYwQxK0lHQNGPnNzIFw3UjZJg7RGeoNVWh0MBV\/GlbTsw\/sEiEdKePROgrypp8VRYJyAFQcbG4D194thKI0dWaSwrw83RqUrhl4dDUcX9vVHXOl0tOgNBMTovw6LIzw1cbYNfVlHwywq0yGDHTiNBpUyQk\/LKlpSv0SG7XonlS\/o83HUpY18Mq84uRfHl4dzAS1qZ3sLt0UdNUkNYsp0Z88zYL0cq64ydvhxH4XRpp5DcNKdPo5xFuA2yyvy2guXLpwZk0AI1BBa5bGir88bGt3I1LX2pP8CvkU+WjgaJR3NGQxKKcTo37udW2U3yWje0\/lvCx6dGiN7iPrwbbU6FVQ3jSkD5Apor9jjKi7x936+IMdrkY7LsWDPmGZTWG\/7fdy27WX0+gXORxzU8FF0vVN5PnTunPEe4S996EqeoGe1W1RnWOOzAOsCmvdTQIvOu9OhApxKSTA1UOoXhuwEl5xmgtl+dCiuDMG2YXp+r8+Xc3yxeWURrt8ef\/2nODvHBggV8ARjzd+oii761RmqHq7i0nkc\/V6bY+\/NJiiRBE4uublbQBavVndSDREmrEP5ExmY+s+1sZFjD3n1c1tuxA+THGWU+F1wGZJ6vMypkEJIZzOCbr5u0pp9TwTqFL\/J+cG9pmpxsHU2wnQ9+ebiU4AXkBcrw8fBtQgfV1XMGdZuDYqyDyTukjVjhs+l1VjzalSCakc0mARd0oqyfXmDd5gkoehPYKU\/TQrM18UjUSYiYNG34B+WJxkj9v8j8yHzmTvSjOevtp43C9YYPWZhxa92TeNatdf\/Rf9Fl1UmAq\/9kBmPgKJcXsPnyUJWjskOW5+DoqD37caK0RquZjckTyHTI884MS9zRWOD54+I6OkxouziZ8MuWRvbhE2DSl09y4z9LNpCsdlc0sUtyQjkoOTW36\/q7fHLNN0gyNuYCTEQ+KKr1hpTb0ieW6hEplz2xlI+00zPw+ee8TL88JNWlbOv3PvfMDVm95YSb6cNHSCqPNlOPIW\/flxxRtCDGuP0hsyqZLGNG0q+FuccTPZoEnL88ONRIFDxPc9iYLYGZrLoG5QHOiIp9YlNVIB3Ec3+aPIZ7u8rL86W9cgmrqQtwnKYLJKjnwiUYKZ5qYi4VKUW5S\/8++k9\/efBSgy14o71VqWqbGGDH\/HHvsB6WbNOCAvaOg8wrVlMndHYNnsj9yatZqfCgSxpEG+lDW7rqsBfBVHJEnSm\/elELzejpVbfS7xGUjhrp3Y70XRlcovjbYCE76\/RGvoPvtu3P992eDh0ch2kUTceR5mPj6XBT2B1I3xup57n8XpPKMbhysprzZ+Myehl0bJWa9G2VttefwKrZjqVGHaNd34cLIXKjDcr31yOsNQw4aYtFZGdSPSrPPb\/P9PgPPfyStph7LiVtMSgjRZ5CnudS7jR3Oj6TtrAqOot08DnouQWVHXChsQlW8+IPBqONmLvaXegWhXvBnIZXxteD58hM9si7mxOMO6lIVTs\/E605jToxjfF4mrAam+Y6vtkDHK1UnOZQLoSQTK+0i5mQypDLezrRzupcFe+TyQy73SUkHAymau9+xKBM+Tx93UZuqmyoeJJr4DrR1Nwt6Z+OQIfiKlflehJHmNv64gbW1Tk30iLLy3SOHsSmAUabmzLhD0bHW3IPoh5ZealRdOwnwUNAFcT9scbLYYMujf729I43HSn2+3MBEnisilQVSjUllvQ13SwuOpP9LWkEqJ8jdJF26UsLfEGoTyOLnBqtuErf2QOj2z+bGR+ipaFKSD3THWY4XOkV7mvd\/\/OkKjdap0OzNzsVnhZi8Nbi99pUHnY9vt9mwsvMAKFEj0myMZZfzAc2BGtSdNHYE9D0m4UhmskBU9ANqL1V83LYaNcIemMI+qLtb05oAqnCeplQFvEsf4OpxJHKdfytH3m2bT91nsydo45E33nvpAsVBYhNR00ClcfQ5hb\/pCvrYKQRHE7GvmXzbqGS03mu6oMCtdXYjKOj9jhNg\/AnXD11kS+Wo8EOwBbieaNK85fZ6cUxz0UOiBu9JDMePSacXyZj9JNuTzoKD30fgBOqtyfqb6uqkXPfvrefD88wcbFb\/957on6sPOGy64b4gb6bklZdplV3IpRAFTbgYq9R3GUCqWbF8AhechwDQXqtYpLZs9Wim\/xVSzxKi7x8vhr6Sozfdjbbqvy2alO5nwetBijqAzXyZZXoJ3Qch6ib9CWIkgmSjnHTdOnfK8TlcLHE+Ze7AN\/Xhxh8cuwN+T\/7cxStn8gQUHggBPtHGzq+sxsLUeaV\/aNru54bjqVJu3\/0Ut\/1d3SZdQJ\/r+r9YxCHTgjGJ3UF0v1j4iZhklClIC\/2j5mduVkwlsZFun\/cQeCCiCm0YNPuHwMQpKFHtQmLYv8YgSjbUb3DIJf7x20WeyndQXRlt39Md7G7zcZipD3uH30QBHTNmMvsH6Ed7cKYqqNoLLB\/DLIoCwBbHO8fkx2IgoQtTvaPO4D+scUpGkyUxZnKHxv7LHfJJx++yWfSDYJN\/1\/7887lJxP6MMk8fjIzN3Ngyk5msku2iS2bTLAD213GT6aX+Z4P+Ml0Ege6LjeZIdw6261kMuNdHDNt4sncgi2MAmEy3SzM6G50kwm8MHBSfjKTKElScTLjyAeuOJletgWeOJkgikIXCpO5BeifMJmkf8JFE\/GhbxI0mQhO+nBsldGj3YyjQ+LPCf+vMuEKfl82VnOJ5SbhISJTsJneAQK1SWAJZXjgtNiBMJ2ikMZ0ejmuLIx9tF6LvjATAvMCw8xTjkD+SQ\/Jn1A3Hisv27rSgpG4na8MimLzh5ENwYceFmNWf1m56zWRU7dUaBCihx\/yGFdR5zluLndSnV2pEELodzoH1xkAJPTXdJQMu9C0H9eXAqpMs4yLLYc0pEb30l9ckFZZz1Wnu3szsmkFtr0i8akemiLvs\/\/yukGxWGg+nc92IPVe4q9WLfuz7fW3JeRWIwYFKBMo+iEhOsxQDckIC5hSA+wxGChROnCToxlufscSJO7YocRpKpJ3diP49RsOZFxdJBqhYSPJkZ1IEt7l2OiJSlMgbElyv5TmNexiHsg9opF+JOcKyCcwT546q6zLBP6NV0U9Up1EUZ7cePQqtkZoVmrSPLtH2uznaJJf4IUjfjISebQJObYbTBGZZ\/RbFaM3oC3FHwPMVX2UsUB95rWveak6fHq7uv5ri0yi2YVzB4mBps3K8rYHxnBRPEQHjkGu\/hnYM9e+G+qZioRkSROxrmyQKbC6tF8e0AAfvn1lkEDUPwyZurYt+hVs2rgyun1yvL1WbONQOBhhVZfhHmpzOWwkC9hWv0xWqMHK6ismg8F\/ogS6b0itMvNr6IPjtyg4fvgVZDULvhKgE5K52ELX8cO6QxIHlk\/QctTIJwSEZvZYphkjj5tAm3hosKAZbNGsP5htbm6pQcEjZ1e5L6v204CPQOpG1GnWSpAEBhrhri0KM0ZNSoSkT9k5u9OFUeuWumJ4yD9qAAxivSq8sD8q8badGDsvYspExbyTFTe87LiWnXY725kLtqQjABs7qtiI2DsBb8TVbzisQIwdNfkSy0Kyk1LTdxXPhQ0iCOQPDrymvvL8ffWbwJzXtx0kQ\/P3PkvkFc86Tjy1owLTapeICoWfI4l\/XAwE8Qt5rocLaxI7b37eZfnhyrocUAzAlQJ\/ELvQ+bDXpyZDCJX93yhgMT+hTQ\/Wa+qNmHqjzptnK15LhcJ9TvMutLc35Of4d6eGItgXAufQP8iO+O+13HB+VvkQNdalzEm0OG9CYZD1R0muk8YX+4RQbPgrDxkhnqTLNHah4n2W14Ojd7dsBiuKP7UgWXYg9pqvULoUyao+Vk1LIt+\/PCD2KJEmOPPKQN\/xUxwur5FrZmmNxv2SA+mhfqKTS9nPdWcvwjOnoPO5sNKqVThQUf4n\/Y6ljCfRzSF29A4mVoI0b9CVVLoWo2Xsz3YATz\/M0U9GobT3iuZ8ZGaaF\/Wv07CLbmDra9dtP\/aq2dn5I9QP1vGoxCnLbvnlPVj95+pXwpZQspfNzE+HD6+D4VG2FbQ3rZOU6RgT7TmpcbmQzAvO+TBvXhhjFzGp\/FBmGkP7KfnGtunJeRz9AfU38pD59hXL059JQQzq9eTtvq62q8rHj\/TPnlEdBgVIzZwNjid0u0wC8VsQXyWcQiM4dOwfHcsdlzx92wxdSS\/V8GuUteJLjvz6SGJU61idoAXfzkVVw3osycD39cgZAjKhP6UP68VSFCJ7Xh7YdRWEEmhXLOHpPB1c3f77OTTH2SfsH3OIblg3IYyvxLw1EH2RB\/RwPcnJz4rv0Sdfu1WOw3eEPHlUkEEXlyxkzmuPeWlY\/7CjzHPAdkPsa+twKFlzsT0GtPY+Thw06ZzKZ\/klSWtgJb8rryHJRSKbL8d8xp7T7oqT9ZePgNnvxKpOCSD4LOfDzYPF9Yv8xNejPDu2Pc0L\/pan\/8+XB\/IbXVm9gOTdUmaeln3UwvrUzPukgAdQWPT+89xpNq3oKruMFnR8cQX9ML4qDN5G1lifscZGvDUW8zpjeGs9pYTltIBYt9TR00u\/rO3bx6az1BoPbm4l0tGJTEHiIeEtsrDpmOmAITDB2hStPHZDKmvrAFr4Ct4FqxnPRL9SvxmDgNZ+L6BZ\/yO6uN+DrDXM30ALL\/3kY6onLWKBYxn6yYstvkxs8Y0k5Om2btpUpm30nqibe9Z2ZMm0k1BJHR0mD5TQ7B70wVV5F4ofS9Tqr792JktwgK\/IOz\/5ns+ya\/XmxxM4b4jHMP5\/hwL\/v7Qk2umm89rt30roP6wsh0W6ITYdBJ80mM7RW1+76rr0Aet1b34ezQYFwvZ6He0xeDDrtco2TQQsoYKCGMcCbBrj6uqu\/gTglKGgr1Ork+J2vtE\/U5V0QewgWPT+ytKJ\/VxFDOXgiV2NH3qfTdKi8NznD5TrOHWtVm50g9hwFFpfRye3Lk5ttq2Vu3Xpl6lq4Rkv3\/VguEV2xl56H+jZhOu5Rg763KipMFsG4ZpGlTRIfnkqvjwUFUC8ho9oMbYOTtclxSaaxskS4048KsTYVfmxsc5noESXJgTapQPVzE8nWCPHzGYFQYMs0FZ1aVd5meVl3s5M7z49dnK4DkMf+2l1XxBgtM3Dv5CfK\/zzYa2mEM772acCpRO5TeCHsflfl8a+TriRmiUMRN6ABEZLGuopQdLSAqpIp+yvz\/A9q8EJNuzUX7O6Ol0VaevQlcf6R1spnnvEdepW5HfjHUMvXz0yUReTudEHi25UTOdQIL5RQ8VB02giMhtNuylsWutQXU1h2cVcoXxUOeZw+e94WQwuy1zoqc2FeX8s+i9eHmeAAoDuCYTsKkDmGN1Jigk4mREHH\/Q06tU4HBLrgPK8nJqxi4hPrjc0Fob8DfWjyYVLIHgnlq\/yJW4R6yojS1n\/xlR\/umVtBhusgBAxzDDVw6XJgoQnqDXjG0IUBQTK7TlPn3RJVaeXhgna1bBEpl7ml4pB5d2SMXpT6O8dkbbOyHEE5S3F7lb7aX+sJ\/w6CmkUXsalG2n0Y\/dZVVIfVeVGctp3b+bly94hfyagTq3XPYGHGUuOe4dNz2FkG0S+eoTz24ZyhW+TG9O\/OJ\/lAQVmUTC6YyKFGbgUrfZ4GPUSlKzFxMyDJnf160ZRrgOxJs+JlCk\/HBWt7TFi2Kejuzl6m6O\/OW+qYnMpNmmxSdNNlh8uNVxfZWi1+gpxLeurSYLRM0RQA5\/za3\/JQUG9E71pLJDG2gqxuEvDbp\/04eDj6IjrxQZsMHjT5m8tiLEA\/m1tuu2HDTxj3xNPPYlP\/tINNWqiHpUIpgnWEmP7OPP0i6of\/hhKhqcQX1CZbKcFSJWIMBhSBbsAMIvIliVHHXvpqOozu8YSkpkuSNYsROjhT8ZSkuknbxQd7REvKcbnSxkfUakm0yx0PpFWeTnBOk\/2yDx5KUCNCpoPHMAqvhpIzRPB\/nhPkTAn3SbBaoew\/s0UEZJRKYbtK4Qkvoldb\/pufSViB0jaLw+oLwjvdvQ9k4JpqNwRz9D6O6K\/DJJCtQXwwIUh4Wt7ssUFNAlFw9WlLuF7I1fomBG9sZ3BXsD3OV2nznAaUHBADZ0YUO9SZ6yoCvwE058+tWg3fNGY3LhrOkmq3iA\/T9+UW1s8zBxcqVTEa4yGjhci\/cy9IsRvO23q3sBHkk6aqznmyG2qnEwMGn43zRrkRdRblBldKhf5vFzkq9c1zqSoghpirdJjuPRvzIpedy8znia0d6bkhHU7GDCm427Q51xkinHANrrg32CrG36BHl6IUreNjImNAGW23jRfuQd0Hz3FY\/O4YEhOopsOHWBc\/86ifUR9yHvaizxYQkEZK2LPolGGpbnPx3ItSqTxpVxrMhe0Ab3UZh7+RVa6v3eqKH7+MYvC+UGNMeEEkVQyk6yRZtREFF1CIH\/3Md0yi40\/KT0p18Cl6vPTX3+wODELsnM8Yo0O2AUm2aHa9FJbGWjatYGJlcyhkZ1S8zmSYV\/Ua747SXU19FEP8iU8xEQo56JTVHoylhXa+EX1ClN1o\/0USfpNqeAy4yX1mC9X5GxgW9TQO+9OItHyRg4oXe3N6SrdOToZU1Fd\/kfe2a5sZxudO\/cTlM128U37dXPbvs5NN\/aiwyi\/fd\/nSzc+M2\/GOz7Nm+Se6pv5IrX\/KAtSQ5mPU65Q7URcgW9nUKam8oqiulnKD7MDhxv7xVsKtS0fStcjyimgrlDuuk9OhCJ2pRU2tVz\/ogfFj+n8JlrV0BWCdQbIqo31sU+qZHCzEKTJmbLRnTYb9b7eqNfCxkgHN5C4hcMOO5AKhwn2IFUZc0HcXLXWP2dtImLe2ZT9JATQ0PDG3bQbR9B041z9ra5wNioQ05AoNCMUz2sZa5SSXU0kT8IIKXLJNUfGOQ6\/J0AHTzJLynjdMUrf+OQ2N3AJpDXhpKZ1EWbTwAImrTn2N0fjmTodhmCcZV\/AXwgrCtt8cLYByfphzT+2dgE591HkOpsDtRwcqe1g8jpEQQUSUsZvDlv39iwqn9EFn+yiTX+RNdzYjRcV6htm5BJ+Pl7nXxr20H0Yk8sNX143XoRC\/pnTi7wTYKSyrfty3JBgaNX1j8LNVIdcKfiY0Df341v5CfnQrdAaAcUIrpHkdVLAjWppodW3obgOuufDQxwrHm8Eu9zlHVs51CB+aqtLcuzue\/arMyit96fhElgz8ZgQn\/MGrZkSRcHStcZ5eVB891rVTHwJj+A+uNP2QgtCGe\/jyp9e8wLnsSkRpYZXdE2hLh6KHC3Qq4HcVSB1lpW7SJmijQKU0NBgLXiZI76RguYIJYbfS9wWUH0mwwK+AHyQ6Pw5kCNq+75ffd4qeo\/wUWrj7tN2dTwc+ri1aQgE1xi3dZaEYpQpWTNRvD+CfrhaCayzGnA3l3rFiyeXTIyR00WxSgbCUMeHK70wI8eH2hWZd13+bIeS5Mm8tmdyvT41HeiGurzeeCk\/1sZdy1M2McMLeZgeoGm+7s6sPmcZouq1ucI4C4PoH\/QCk7aqLZhlMGlxLVaTgAItO\/Iyo152PIBhcoJJh3ynfUcznA5B\/P0MvzwcEHHKDueq6ztavKCu0U4KV75hRdhFHarqQe4iupoQ06\/KK0tcai2wVHUnakqrEl7lE6WVvYbv89N15MWqftNpGuZdveIvuyHT308K1RBnp5cexvqgjBVacfDT0ExevqzXtPO6kZws2rON7uRuu+1wNd5GMn42Y2+XVSqVBYygh5UavtLrjfnhrlkbzUBh4trKnj7sw+PPuomeOk7Em1EuyaTGkG3E55hQgGlL990us9DC6I3eGrd6fXLprh6RoYSat3XpQbU+ntLbJ5JscliX2AODWY8WWkFr4wdu\/0AzgtXno3H+Ru2lDtbnJ+zT8jgukhh7+ZStPgvJo2UWCNbGGvFGVpzodnRVu607OFfadIPaWsrqauCCucTiROp\/Tq9qgdXcFEYqOxRXpbsiS3ksmjOEcA0oP0hsE73AhJ\/0dmGaRwUz3ci1nWhb2lEYe6nz0BZzHYW1mcKYvFy69GGCEqBIF857bDK7\/HMIT9rhn9jhe5LhB3fRfFQ6zKTTftfRrJVGY+MVu4QhDvAM8thul1PKuxc0IkFno6D8njyN8nkLw0KCMXEblmndxoSfyzTySnMjwaS3QPKabBYMGCQlChZtbbo48krCwl0Z55odgSIN8c\/rLw91W6CIX6oPkvuwPQI7\/UR9sGYJSnFzrESg6OX106XMkyqFVpynuTYtzygVwNrU8GbhqHHGK1RY\/d4fSH3hjBZ93LlGcZlp2NES9lzVrSFhUSQ\/swJ5GYKComVnxDeKbVYoHSrY2gmIVWaEn\/PyKlsRVjAh9eCPq0t7Fb2MJ74l5o3nHCEZIvSjQRDv482Ilc+wBtzfsQrGXbLbyyORNd6UM0QyunlYpmPj46VeD3lBpUwfnvWjrC4KyBNJMylM8iavSr4tZpxCa+TpovZACxrYPqi8nYVZqC51AvXT4BmvilOVQsJi0R6cDXckrRPULcxAYj6kGvl3osmlPDhQprtDVX6yVzaTpgwdMOuVjT3h8Y\/uL9v+ZWOvCCqF4Xp6g3WSNyIpZxOxaQGSKFLjAScFuNANy1bzZNs4nu+bgJsih4zpTMnoQg7xDPI\/ZizRxDV4uIaxnKXxiePAEP4b\/PKAbKBoZTbt9Tb20dWXl\/9WVwdklxgJP88jQFul2NH59b2CvO1ATuRJ32UfIcaeTrQ\/hcNSVtZ5sH+r3KAmh4\/lQwqJBdlvznkpXndaJ\/C2XpGcDgOe0A8aiKb79MoCzPS+ZO2lLtcqX6bfq+o0JU1AZnEi\/yW9rOZTCqeRx6TNBtf9JAf8EeNIQ5vRr1kaiCd6pURmXilzjw3cl+rSni8mpirRnS0ajGv+YGVfogYaaEwqN8i8zG9cabLHTIQ\/bxrahf+I5SQYwg3vXBGFJFqj1OA0nbanr\/DzySoV11b9uKc+X3J3xXyMb+i4Pkzfz\/VVvPAtEzu34e2hM30jqwIByEtTTYu76NFxR3ctDzecClX4kEXLs4T5fm3TbBRdYmmdw+rqVYCTEDzi5BGEH4cAga\/ectrzQRUpSvvSzbhB9Cda\/vrrddLW1L2KtljzCs7jpZM9Maqpq7k5t2fkkvK6DBgDfbw6eozJN7rd4q30Q0H36cJts\/dx3jhaBockw0sjS31LDOrYbC1QctrXmrefC3BvS2h3rhrNFY3ASLwPwAtRQ34w60cCrRIsNG93+2Vo5mMuUgwaR0EkBIDayLd65AsouZDYfXKxJek4NjkbAeAqmpF0FDEETWwMeVu8D+GmdLIG0\/auZMs0sMgYsBKZIRQbUyxn9SvTtbUcWkXxsqorsAVX4W7mXn7l6Ew188hGMjJ3+C66Z9J0ZJWq9HPydHBRJ03qbr0mXFHpOy\/NDaKv76x4QoQ3nxC+\/oSQJmAxCLntCai\/\/9VcynF3t4pmnl9mufejNbVBV7+doW2NUskqq1YvD\/RMszgcYaJ1bVz\/\/\/a+hMdx5Erzr3BlNFDqptLUWdkpVGG67fF4xrDXGO8u1mjnLigpJLGSImmSysxqoua3L14Eg4z7oJRZ2Yu2YZeSZNzXi3d83wt0P1zZvQ9wQ17uoaayM5YDdhDPdc4ZSGdXjZcZjmTrIkS4wB4YOtnL1Wtg+Gq+rQZKxGmSPVShNltMlaWGyDFlGMSNzV\/eJWqPxKdojKFq+Am3FdpW0s\/bXOnm4Yyh1hZJZgMpWGrBOdshDN9MqtD92WEr3sy05tquSa5hx36n\/DllZkSQJo1bR4PMlsWP\/i570\/Fa6+7yQq4rOnm\/A6nTrb7WKtkoUYn0aC9cGIeL+4Alis5ZiC3Pmd8holmuNpfkhe9AXKpFKc9ZIGAUzgaG8NdlvH1QRfb1gIVEAcwPiaKbDHXF8Ks\/tSEOEMU2uldoY1twFd0+qIYroYi3uutAXD7o41qYqC5JX75QOHV4eMXjggM31XzEK9xnencSwWtjauTVMN9kzhk1fFzFgKG2jbDilLNvmHZ\/QmjnVFndyZEf3LcuX3dAH53w3Bf6VehnbhWsdNsf2SCe63hDvNf2OcusbZi6\/IeaHdimbH\/1PRFqDfTEvtcGj62MFnEp3mOKDijb6SvailySZnstXNkifkgkoAolKgXPW6GTj8xOv8Z2WZAT401+9oM0INkSUdIFKkPnlGpT+9NyrjG4wU31ZANKn13iDejtbGmt7mWOeup8DO562MFIbLOTtUFZktozjxRCfOE8wwvVxRg9865fGvXLG+Zop+mpwT5n6vxAv2X1ZqLTl8aeWstIM8vyidTnC6apUs0qozTUl6oN6zW4WrqsCz5nNs7X5MNZ19qM8T5qU4ZYTgwJ5ff9bHvU3nALkGOlKJKhFiCcW7BpDDxLRCK6ipkty2uOKEB\/8llMi6ioPqZJMwTIwZQnNda+tAGVWZFa\/e9i7KKjJdXeoTpO0qq5qiIC50wpE5wU5BC9hkMdQSNOhB835gAJP+uWQYqhmlCRHWVtsKu4tOnujpoI2+7Dt0UXVl8ppwvAYrmMurhGdgJeyWgmFEQD8S71OhCyfXCrvn71DG3YDTaTMmE0Eb+WsP0ST9DvyBT9Lphxxsz52KLwmit26ttIu1PXyQnBl6qlA0tj0rIdtf4z3WPR3DSLMNy7koZGvmzwykpXS89T\/Iisd00VZpZNOTpX3z9nNjnbUM+Pva+LsbFTUyYS9DsPx2\/TT8zfCJC2DrRg1ePAzy9AQWV66hoIAkx25Bp5uV+Ndu1tH0TLpYWdRq3dvmQfXl\/L7m+RXDAneqNjjoGxSuOiQnirwb8c9faUaz00vt41DotFnqdD\/B6oixHNqc4LS9UBlKk+fgWfOL\/2WXiCO7w1c2t3N9tGp+k1SPbGTNttMgYP5TMozCWpzI9gwaGwdqfRWytd8nhJXjl0KurPGtxJrcHNC8zGOLEGThLo1McEPblJ8iUqUFy\/I3JKkqZhK4xgIxQWRsbOLr\/gCOp8QzaESFtYVhxd96E27X2XnJNzsiV4bO\/87B5iREnRDjXKa\/\/Aizwqy7wcgoU66yPCoD40rCCazW8wWmljAkXVTJ7pvlzLpkyTA70+TBFmIKGF4tROy\/584+dD5Gs46lajnaiojwZYGBqjUaqruvn96r1DL7Ptfh89Hk0hSO5XV+6+JHaigVEztELxKlHBjdSRgm2jPMXpdVBdjFyABm4\/I0OYYLNumQRV5H0Xsd7ryW1N2LIQ39AemFG1ZiIwuUlYlBD9Y5h0odZcrZcGdX5dLZ1j6GowtNqGQidVLIymEWmaKILjDdhHUFGxCPCmuDNO4\/bxRuGd\/cUVmIT1HoFznZAmhEOSQ620yQUEFediDen68tSgKlZ\/h9AaCqphbiaVKD+MsCcCHjUOw8YVzUWDFdO6kFHO89yxb9TpvPoG74WhkfhV\/zbUOluERtV\/qFfUm73aQ2PIkwNXhRvpBVYUhGZEsdCMuBVawJ34CVOkMVxsnjVnwF1SvbtL4+zwLi7HIfl1Lsfjhtew3PHCZFzGGyB+Z4VL1SeaMnEp+9hSyD62FLGPx+6N2sds8wL4pFO8hRzsccii5oUsdGLIIyaFbMhE7x3PWl9ClUo5lK\/0YaflGUs4fdg2IN7YdQTsm13S+OA\/FfHuY6FzYMZnQuNjzmuT2IT+TnZMMkZEN0iO+IS7y3LY4LpjDp\/so\/txo4RjxUkmxxDEmbHIIQp\/Ej+WyQYd48cEqmtgWyaZPQvXPsfQsDbxx5vqRGqPThu026HdfaOInBWDx1Xht\/gWwYUBeRcd3FQnEorFltixSPMEF4PuVOYxEwuRxg3zRuiuh6CqEfA48LNgNotOVbA9b5LtZIN+TlD57mYWRmEUTsfBJq+PAhQHyWlf5gwIbKREbP77O2jrlzrvP5yuhWX6xR\/8Wg6FZ8BoPbG1M\/RcO+N0r2Uk8EWw8oOwaVSUxxNwV4l8kGK6uqs8g9aDAW2CG8i0jg\/Doe0EG4wjsJ23a\/rVgbmviW93FYQdboryCxd2UCBaqWywOfAhwOYwE5dqNyez6IvJwfdgxp58AUgbY20Yz2M3pJp5j43iC0YjlvjGqc+NPDN4j71IByEfHaZ9++mI1JD+WvxGGUwEnlsYAFhC9S70wN1o62WJFclunKa5iPSts8Ia54gqzGEtHroCzAXsCgBnYRofci7l2T1zMF84Sci4SzNPI3MT8raG6u3iokBxCf59d3A9BDefNfOMyFgyVRXuDuYxMVng7ZX8VIa9EqC7fvFZsW7zJ6V6UgjaA7jCKwFRC9HcM89gZqzbbHUkcZLeN4OIEzukBEHoh0xAXxpreRXF8nsvq64QJ1WfmA+nHJDvWCQaU3TeH5I3tXkyON\/uvvfqnDEwQ78rVnBx\/awQnCIH5qp+6k5usdx4yx0ZNhDaTxWKy+1RVxuBharbZ6cKnHhVDIyCpVJNKxJ9FUQo5whtPS0mHoHkZ9wIamrKn8297WqOxiVtz5VsjZ5qrdGfMPinX9A0SWOJEPkEU98rQuTTgYLGC2dwFFiJoSUOyq8FW4Sb3VikCtGDxliOQnnzfnWr1wNgnjgnhkm8nRtCZWXPo7nZEMc0C3wkvxiV0Y4x2a35R2NuQ9nOnO6jEGE7ulcDNWnvM8yWXCTbh\/t2Y4+CKX8c2vCAxHz4A6nf2FhqXzVQhFcB+OzQbLXCGTi3sMa+Fa9FR\/lL3x+XAyl4F6mha9f4Qzrd3GQGaskNPjIiHUwSpWWkOuG3mlcYYqP3Nm7hCXs0G1V52fPkqdWHPp0mdX4uk+zwYQTxV+1LfD9GddXgNZSk+FahV\/KSNJDRJGP22tfx00ta\/VLPatvqm5yDLJnq10L1DcQ2S0tWGxWIyUJN1WnLiv6VbPOssS\/6Y5xg1zot0S9\/4mnImZgKQGAtzGba+jmnNIpcoy4d6uW4Tfni9LwMOTrfQ4PDRphsCrKWiYAAQBG\/xcDr7Fkha8JmOsACweHWxV7D1iVIRBA+yTojAHWpamFYn6yGgckpmN6CFQMrPi5QZAhNcVBntLLJdPr5v8AlIi8mnaKs6vdGfY66SlgNsu2vY0J\/bTL661P33c9H+ushH4+FXXe41bQ6NZNJdWpH5c5h2JQG1jXOBNCOpSzwUzEfAowsuTM6yMlOsN\/txW+lNAS0Vz8nWulLhSu1WMM6z6sHRe0tBs\/v7jZon5dI\/54QR7hfbatTcIeVUO+Os\/A4D4+LsAjPaZin4T45nEs0Vt2gInNWOP24EcP8zIlaX5I4xOA2IVEthj\/V8QZrLu7HrnfvbkI7u4JXJ3JV88Q24rEkLFEpjjhIXKzociDB+RDoAugDooDogYrINUSByjgAMq46qW+mF5MGXsKhp6koey0eCjHTOvm\/XO1EjnIdCYKFq7w6TSCYoHp1M+EQ7i1aWfNly0JuwSgpo+siREoHkZYh1jl2T9niVty03M29hVFlWeS6THbjN2c1hU0lz9PqpVDpZl9xN97Hp2sgtoIOQYvYOgxdcz5zXV9fGaL1KsuPhWIdsqQgveB5sI9TDBdjpgBeu6IFtYUEN9kF0HN6VTocOSi9ZAJdCCRwFYMAaUVrsQ51H2CLmmm+v3l7l3a6fzG2mUGn\/H6mUknPbm\/VsqCWbMEwl5TZqMJubAPplNNsttDK\/XLQh9NFNMD2\/3dYQA5nq8encI4dQjk1CflmiQMt368ej+EtXEp1A4G9PxVusS6qG5rc3cgHvVjHB6RCKpVUPbbrMt1ID2W8Wdf5eXtsbT53QRFnk8\/r7q5mq84V7ngT\/SUPFxGQWvuzp2syxX70lSHwMdL4\/7iNq9IJq84xHV2K9jh\/1SXjKUnTyfYI4LDtwQnbqq4Qr4mT3qBe1z+ZL7DzQkT9mGDVAIlt9A2nMXAjQ75QQLjMdXSu1xgZegI89vCsVZqQmInqF1+vaFerZNNXJn1smCGI8CC8iimGaaVtr9DMCG2bDmUjT6vXhIEwR2yD7FWnL0lN6SFndU4+M31VJyaH4K\/CcKmpK2azdOaZkLRvOmaAIXSYvzSNAXSd05XFHyesOinxXCUsVnhA4zG25xJ64HdQ1ppwJOITUCBAvFnSJ5DzFuYjrjj79FMOZw55bMafrU5wk9o2fhSvRl4S93tvdDVj5stMEOiZl1MiQe4aL4sB8w1ndxGIcHV6M4RabVXUvdM2UsGNfBvt0IFhfCaDCw68cVmpTaDtNhDq+zTUqxLCwbrXxUK1v8LTL7ob2Ets84TLQIolMS\/gxZu6zXv6LTizC5Euv0Sjtakzr\/vCps5o4xqlVCtEiTkK0Mkkz0KFiKmr9muFtPwax+Iax0IH5dpxLN1gO8WxgOXTgULZm\/TbmT55iHXsGpTIruwr1WmS5YfUm2N6brvmzMfXwed0AGK7bEv+onfONGrsrs7F\/Kr00m0LrQzP7XfDyJXbxK9ErkzM5xfT8K5fj2C37Z+evLZtgqC+dPJ9r044D40gbNJvDmLle1NamvSxcQBLxR8GG7F3h8yzIm7xSu1F7rWRPyqKoNegr+sq9ZH6wlgx3FUcjE5ZD0dvV2RF\/N+668Hou9HazAZupErwtzGS+vwEy+xeX6t\/zGbT2Uh31jZ2NMoBNQOuzyA2000wwrbPfYJkPQjuteuy4JwOPD7a9Gniz\/07X30zVkViUbcnwx63iSsMCu9CHMpW8qbIq9D2TYYODhB2YhKdRxgPMm7gDe1f9YwpZ\/1ZUjp6BUz1biWC6VZyuJsP4XTTVPeQXw\/92KcrzSFFvoytuCHqpaa7OOuzeUmP2jLlAxpmwW+DxUXXFusIV+W28drPXBZvKqunFBbj2cKJTmmmIVNi1bxGWZvSHu3j04cRFSQHsilxeR3zMvkZ8AA0uVEtfR+DMrysbZlX1UCmJtCgxnWZPGPkV8lVwX73WoyN2TYS2H6FiriEMAe6cLuYCse9n2QcUMInGUJ\/ANWHlK1CVMdAexQect3+O6mSHdIi7vfZUny+u31SVjVohdNdo7rOR3az46na5gW6ipNmp1zj7MdzxzhulvfTFduvq39vlXTXu9n6ODS\/3zVD2BV4HYFbIrfJ4A824aDE5Cw4MHQiO8Qmr+v8pNanudVbzXVJtvGnMqlh8Z1yWBdd2WW61hpi5JvtbBD3rGOsIdMecFczjIOEoG7Temn3IpPWUuVuxAlIC22oQT+xZfu72iovGe9lYgxbWZfYOoSOp4KkeirJnocQ972+JLxdWgynZLfTSuTKaS97VuJ+vCQKZccSGuuFolst8TYrSCh3J6uGZZfXrPSSoBL8WD\/rQhM882Mlq+EWK4d6K6Quqr5eql0O+QwEUcouPpVqNT47PUSzumqyAEwWVnG18RvvwPT1xQBUMEBSszFeLNVMZoZagJbZ75JEUi08GfY4nwLe4uHk9QaFKpkgLzrMcbZUn6dCqBjkdObmccI2yUHVs9bQ\/82FoEtH\/eovj4C9rfVLErDDqLwp4nR3cehVGMz7cpTkycYkJkQu2HP8ONtpisbY7cqUT1iX6EycTnNW8W67WUQHkRp73cYMDEnaGMFz6WTex55c3G7zXbCcQVwHTxXD3Ty7287cDdFAhjBXEuyKm49jyOJ87OvRdA3ruQvpkmFwvJZCC3vxun7tprrUjQ0vaJABUQ8lxIkQvmxUdD3oKb9MTjIuAwQO8eIpZcYW\/6LPqfMRdD8dwD\/NHepZDEzW06J2H0ka\/T5o3ZsugMagGRjYRJoCYzyXC8cYdV25Cu9aJ+ZAk9nSV\/rSew2uCdtMzBA3Z8h817Gd0fDxYdhroUHY9CVQkwPZ3UMRVYfHzBRVrsKZ8uGSnIVcBcZ+gegKs58VT5QRVIwB0PVFUIIKi6SxNA+pkMZnDwiWpZGursGxeB59bBO32vt8P6k\/F6hxbqAhE1qfPmLYWH8cXayacXrgZ4eoVTnMdg5yWriaPR7D5QKH4iqsKkvDBKrTRmaq1Pmby3ckNbrs694Y2eOyH55o7bnkjN6Owp4shLKanc96Tw3njc2WU+eIoJhijoZp48cDT6ole1IN8mAOvpW8l9cu3A3V6fWJzarTCxObVSdXYjNqBQ3bvSukkbEhDScN+ztEKHuQjS+C0\/MjIaOQWKER50n\/NjTewUOjs21ovM+4E+lx5Im0q90oGhUhyxM413CQry728BdAOAFW4tNp8smiA4Jv0HNSO3zGXpENn23TvEI+V2liR0hOJ1RWySO6Z3Qk++QZ7XoEg54vmQF\/UwMnPD6JyAm7x6M1nMHNFVqssALCg1TKhMbgdp1SFkUwOgyZ++Z1yWhpxCFsXGERORxzo9snc+LR820sF6CUAzoZaAqCFvaJCqbRgrMfefQ4rRHcqEKqgRgP7ipYRYSUr+30sWokGUIiXQCYpDbE0DiqsLD\/\/Y6EhHFr5JRk71ZgbgmxuhEvmWCCgxN1sWutwa+6b9xWm3QLsi0\/LdWiRllpqaYPxaLH3KA5a6ByXJJq1oscPwqA7QOUObbS3sP4fPGkAZUoLBluyX6Sj5mn+6o9YaVBILelxS07\/3aPx2BCnBXG4ftVpAUpGlwNp0gpnTyrLIU\/9dwAj+Cyr9PaVNYgJ+3+RKhzO2VSexMLOxUSV1PzprO8SgRyuMRQVA7xo3qt\/Wk3VsdzzpckoDPsNrz+mcduzAPuemq76LW8tYYQzyWVgUThnoYV9KqtvX0h7NQL3U7NnHYRnHNwzGFFGNA46TVV2s74SKcTFh7DHpB37H5d1WbOwdoqWNB8shNRgmc6ghndOSzCAE\/fe6XH\/dPhvyldrrykAlC7Os0T4nyhJGyBmXI7k2bKAiQDdqqs6CSBH148Oqbq88pV0WNucG7BjeYSaUlbofQjb5r3ltQgK1gPLVxjr0ocX6+JHPIhkAhNV1HPeyZyEg0eEjNeULiwHLaKyQ+3xqY9Jr7\/3iNxp+NkhddZpNkPJQwE\/Dnefw1Ab9wMd6Lx01eWwazyIGDS5QciiGqdY1QQtUyvWf7S0sfgj+ZDYhZJ16DBwdzqqwYt\/pvgO1o6g83gHuwv9h75+xi3MHdMb4paMoYeXCzO86LdC3aqEVuo2apxDA5LKGvABccr3u+kwLCH7DzEZuDJKXl+l2RBVR42oVLMClbRNyEzZ8deZaaPurlPTFtUfotaLh53KHX1OCe71CrajpsrTixSYH9boqoLjvHY3dirFzYVi3mmEwXFLYF9rjZcdfMKi3+XSkTL68gweJeRtrb3omRjbJhs6pLc+9SCjMEZ1+1kHio+KI85aazbR8xRhpursfgNPbju0riLnhrcnu7k4myT3FAR3YqglFsuserVeE2U\/u6AXIUD5u\/vptHym\/G1NnH11MRnGK42SM+R6HnXD+U1lJr9BQ6OS7J74rPlQtPdtRQFruhFnnhcmm1Y+3e\/g8o33iuWQDYxVo68YuYYo\/XirJWw2XYDg0VZHmnD66tzWlcsNDuOm2j1Q1YWnithK\/FBhVcEeG3b5+X72aYhv2XCyUvgsCwlnlMlEZaMg+Lpre\/iecG2+pA3ZrlWgq14I2QcCyv2nFMgCd8XNLTPwWvTLb+L+b39FH90jTvMfbUaXIXf7+x37lNQp54Ei0JIzXIeukmDGp8\/XATCcT3jmomQbT42SaWuiglTnVk1aGT0gjPkIkv+2sPJkIuKxtsyDy02HLaJrx0vaOouLCNYA5Rm9rNvMdbPHK9qqWW7cTOEKkoX8MKGaA3A2dHjX9mcLXHwE5EwNXazIi8mm0buf0\/sbAHAYe4VDUZribEZPJCAL4ZxYAv2iDjYHDA9yiMK5TB0O3HaQJry1gFi4yVuFXmhOmCs86bIe+A4NxZQNslFgHBFLqCvuTG7D0M6lwojEN7spV+P5q1fUIXRRnyr0kyxyt+FdG3uQjtsQbAKDIaIFS5fkfrK2Uxt6kiZSa9vuN4XvE+KLTgmQUJBG8RNN6utQijMLNC6bUt8jkPCDiCHDD2ichDup+3sBbFuGFSlFDI8CCfMJEnxzGLyQSJhaXw\/GyKwgcO6K7xhku1Um7AzZn4vomIiNHmNT\/UGfFx6y0ugDaDlp9Wtblj8Uadx4YxCWF5sapW1dFEXqjiPBoyZ2c2UDot3tsSXzY1rzJAN1hGbTo0Fe2qYULql4EyFuXPFejp8E0wC0c\/hFUkV3N2ZBOurCFwvGVQxW58a9B4rCJIUJ6eBZgbwe9ZXij7qswiiCh77jDncOkS7bEgeYChuLJQwM4OxzIpGW5WllmtfqwzxbeA1nPnYrc3sNqcTiYRg\/lu1RUH76XBq6ReL8nLpQR8h37KpTI6NKhji\/ZBjTzDMCbAFjEXIQBigQcrnDr6qLlG9PboGxZprPDk0mjKtO9KQ4gbdZK22BBpF4h5Fb9ILARAAb0oFJyC1RY8bPNlv6ArLpT8ALqIiMYlrmJq033JRWtyHzPcoO8QHtLsfE+md6SWGz8S3UBJHbtj05pbOti4lpRfjUjrbsVs6i8jE0pz5uGVZGnt3jKt3XRAfhtEJO+ibMR+5MW6uYty6itwxqLEY2Kmt32xwDj3NnfKguiaD0ABd7blsnBB2FgsZYWdlMS7vK43mutGGsjiYPix59\/eAC8LVQJt7sY8p0RLxXUZcQy7kTTJgXuANTfZJGBAk4zRyav\/\/a9qWOGuAoJHAkzW62ILCFO6QsY\/lgwUd8IAZcb9CVnVcJ1uFl5HhLqG6NijvF8J+G\/GusHfq0ZCib9eDxVvf+xOnBrvgZiN1L9UtEjIelO065YVhqrbRUv7OkdYJdlk7sapK7a6y9M5Mu0+a4EZArg1cYw9cbiqcx514DyjzJz9\/Qe+bRpk\/DRMcpYN3NUTnxZzhSpud7GUZRVqmT9vko3Az1kA8W0ZG5JxBZnpmYmM9anQ7qDOhbuRd+WGUokcEqL+ySnnlmXsrtWDPlX+eE1SzR5JZHXQV1deL1dUrvFPtvOfTK1cLq7iaSOTfBr6j9FgqYlGhELBLvBzr\/Lw9YmO1hQFKZgYm9nCyAi8ziLOnPt5wyG6M7yxGsmwWr1lL0pZR+lH888OoSONsdC\/gBLiQNepKSOMMU5XweFlrV9pIWVU2s5KDDkIh7CqqBjPyuJvQjLRwELqugguAYKnl9RPxMz1nDb0tGmk0YQ167jfijsiTF5E\/SxgdHctJsYnhlMD89h5usMU2LzNUypQOGkVPZ8tXW\/h5fzym2lPrrNHUj1xitLWbqWun7T5rPdbXQzwv4PrvUHfnTpy5Vv4a5CuFAbdS3TL9wtJlkz6qdIx4y01+xouXjkb+7MpXWhxKXs0fCU7RPszu+ivu1IGHxcBqzRwWMqWID2zkF33X8qKzSzfYUOgFAgEZKtMIiazoDpbbjcZ1EQ1DnH1+OqISmcluVby2SiJcJXupAbS\/SNu9FG\/X4Kb1gAxjSD7oTrteRrtZLLUl3OySUy8M30S3+i+Ped3wlWB6Tij8ZrW2Kf4nRda4ObwXWbBNyi24CWuPFk33dF6DYv0W+rIgIYutPYWJpJxGQnUEqniAjJu0l39SvFxJZtvkawj+n+0TmEOf8gTfhc\/Zzsd9pMiIPabtP90WmAG38jGpaTc7jrJWDMD5YZldNXBSfs5Y40UmTNe5joIgfyquS7bmHkrkx1TmSRNgaK8\/gnyhRKXlDK49LQJVVM60VhW+YY4nJalIkIgiq4RPJaC3GjmJWBU9ky6Y3kan1gB6mY2gq7VDgCK5IcTT6ef\/+jCq6ryYdCCm1ejekp0FCfSYUPzPTUZ\/nTp00AzRX586nNCfj\/TXQ05\/1ce3gR3ae7vRoKCXcgKWfAjAvALJQuztqzEMLzC8zffR45PdI9cX3sxdSc+CizFqkbFGeS8pMBkrpMmTLfiOl7m+DWbjC9AyFNCDFsM7gQ9a4MoYL9849wx9GKWg6xixUBVOoQJvZqjI7Z\/X+F8wWCYdA6lAFpdl\/nTfCevsYQQxTAopdm6+jqhFXL1zLfEr0YQc2jDQ+XQyx\/zICILKbCTUB8DA+uwjdGk0ah8VRDydibEztNisX\/Px2oe3RCHyfduoyaj6p+YFY3Fz+bYPXulybNpywCWDksKI7hn+ucI5s31oLs3keD5tGqNIY6MHIrHBrgW22i4PxyGQA+ONjnGjQPC2kkdVN0f77BTVM5SgGlibsNluNLhEOArIr8YfkcM5b98A5l7j3q5154jm7HmyQ6gAkR\/0nnTvq\/NCcJMl9L16oLYuI8udhbuhbOIKQS17yEWuTFwLQnRG+po80F5IjnFSQnZjc0uPAuKARoFMsAbE84QzSSyjSBYMb6YzdDIwVnmiF3T15ggX9ffBrhedgA7MJcaNLyE3\/nuHtnnZUhycsx3CgyK+0u3QdBC7LQun67LpJrTiXuewm7GNa6O0vPEG2Cy+wkJ9aIbOoMmz2hdjTuc1M88Hl6HmpqVCKXN4aiPM4ea6rd8R+2DkTLCdPU+eTpMNSvOnj\/DHKZ1keY3ExU7beLNUULx9+RcQveIkQ2UAmbIC9ffgFaGUp3UlS6oJ8GkJ3rtU\/uk02ZZol9RVwxhdaBarL9o8GHn96TTZn9O0xXK+g9\/VtkQoG9Pydvn2gf6O67pMNnbNS4qaySRF7QTumD+S9oFihvvjA1u3GQaMZIV15EulctOB8fAazsUueqIUBd+Gmud3dxu0z0ukf0+uBWqDjqa0O6z2f3echcd5WIR5Gp7TME3CXRru6nC3C\/cJSncVqkPipT1WIuOYM8eZjp2Cw1MU0AKb3vPcjcoqRYG7ZrCv3eZc13kWxmGSFec6bFFoKSHLT3W8wben+7HrLt7NeuddO0VKiGwXoIvlWPeH2is0RRO0Uc+gySHVvDhqnqM01uW1e3Ak7VRXslf8oU7dt+\/Ufaiiv3ad4i+p6a+i+5WlVN1Hmt02kjSJ1FLW41lIQ7Wdyp+3\/STQJJDQYHC8rnDSzNZ+XOSasjT8QdAbEBogiW+STvD7SM3Qm2LhoD5Xl5kgOgHfSY5kiNfdqwlTVYo1bAN7O9cVfzQtxwuzDejD4mfgKNq0zWxd1rF6+8OoyuKiOuY1+GPROuMteBdXR7TTjWr5glBAHu055k\/WXbEVVjlFnC0QkGQd5GnjQ4YJWqvJPqkpJyZGw1fzYhqLTRO3YrEXFS\/yWFYSAar46vFSdOKK61nY3hbLQdvZUSaCx71YpPEWSaQQHF+AMGfJA759AIUut4s51IUqJ5M8CxWNp+LnqsPCcz\/+JpzCyWVLnfNyAD8rINTARh++HAu08C8U1Jwi4F+xwVm6SnyTQ9rYbgHuuw3s1Z5HmQOoY5tx4wzi4YCwteLRzbkxjV7qELPek+zQkNzhbneJabuOAuV4wza16QMs2guQIrfi+cVrw8hqn2iEOq\/Kx9U7XAFywd4e0fYB7cZj68T1OK+NBZET\/amxuUlBPlnj4k2dokmayQzDs+1RBmedu4Ozatz0NCwp0CgFNZh+bVxnMVxlHbQ9tLA5Mk6q7RGd0F2ALb7BLi4fNF2xi2vkLYbr8qoHb1bTsZ8Qrzv\/6sy9Cjp3UuXMkEEVVja0wrczaZbdpHFB1fU4+TZ1Bv8kG4nNnteH3moVGJs6A+womSWd32RXpgwu2ech+S6p4k2Kduqdlb61ASs6izddf7cptJvUQTmX9Z93S0AMnbUnafnbCR5hNzvjsm7\/Xzk1yWco2+k\/ciiZAULkCoZ8LcXqPlHaISbTwqHvPDA6nVA3+Y+kqWMVenlIMXcOvJbxHqwK4Tx6fArntzrOxhRNTnGSGUsR6D7dBe1H7yuJCOHstHXjzWqyQfUTQpkDsu+1Akhg8hzzp6xxclO16dsE2oAOxy+uCrSF9VUn+V0wC34bTBXBYVb+ZNZtyNGsQOpEVEOnfIc+jA5pvoElwdIHr\/kgwCLOJp9N+V1BJT7R68RxEQFpdWNhov5m7QKrh1dI4Z\/X+lzB9MGmgbbbqYMI+0ZvbIBi2x0qVvj2G6KymLSHMq6NcRJO05zmlioi2EQpnLkxzHTZPXCZwB1i7OH9P3W+CJ4ePuJ7DdYAJTXR4sdpPm4e0bbOywna7+nwTKptnIIUQwrT5ti6VR7jAn0YlUl2GN1\/JH78mqK0vU\/aLddEX3bQ5t7myVIs0KyN6YmwpOsTc5CINlMIZ8Bh+fyQmk0ZXbKXqcxVB8ncEkjvklwMDyme14MnIRgmjOE1psWkD72RgmmsQbCSqcnVExRvJhuUVkamHCXAgOPhlapyxm5e4Fm1rztwAwZvbjJdqEBjMdv3AAYVZvBfUU82F33JYFwU1zrZ8qIJatR08M95fjLGICgjf7mOMwHLzsY2AiNDvZjbkD4SAVqaxiaJrNY4ThAnnMHgezMb+N5MYajkIPeCb3nxFqiEMSKHNTz0zWgmmOlqGoB2J4efH0ZpHu\/wZi7j10jokjqWWua5tPyXOhHwbpeU78o6HVsrxuRpzlKRCyrLvBzdyx7wstf7Ujtrkx1yvc3xZkL+QiFeMVjsel9CWp3KELM3WG215A7Y3\/Z05sr5Bbc8q\/7GLG0fmwGRiVgGyWpfR9gvWucZe\/S43LkDC6tTkZRItNPOPd1QdNHluhqkGsoG6SiU7Me6HEs3Vcv326PNvq4tIdjVA2cKpN011+zBqty6q8sl+FBpojKyjjihpYmg97vWuag8VsP2NLWVmN\/plFFZNr4nUql28fvCLIJ0mlR1IwLOP6KSxI5MNugYPybQu63XsFxvXa1ORf25cdger2FygUnSxHAPOcMRq8MFcVpXsIlYHVcUDA9CvwBYrLcO0JlfxE3tAN1CDagqTyP9RE82M92+5qx1hdIvsYpAendNOPXOnlT5vnbE55oXz9gD3+2GzctehtpJ5Uz8CiI996LqyaSWbOU2h6f58qoHp86rs2ouoUi1nl9YYyEGOA3ZcjpnxdZXsc6DR1Qm+88ge2tDhIJdXtd6z8UnBlNybbdGrm3aS\/Ks397b2aQtXqGuYlRKmmQluH\/7bWMWgRxyDCgtml2aNG+9Ee8oJtqZHS6IukWy1C4vaMBk4+4TH+kd4deXODinJeuDao9W1PlFOMjqluVCWAKsfnyXnI3d3Um81XujDFKT51Cgb3r9lQm2ZXuZ6iYbra+6nLCMJ6IlYpgMJTbz8vvvjV2jQ3trXT8HCKFyPEGkDzYhrs8XDA1nDHY2Zuvm9Yk6c+mCSWrti84NTJIm3fykjFLsvlRDDUhOUlaiQWpAN\/kZ+RpueWMyRP1NTdpdo\/52atbfTse21nGKWiVBhYJuUrjhr4wTNk0aLUzq1OUUDE3nTGjfctWr8RJ8JYjak5CQ1h1okh7Yt8MDwJGbjI5xnzyjnQL5YzZdvF\/czleLlXTtenwSzd2PR\/HJ7vHoSr+nQLc13oX9lXR845mA1calaZqQ2H3h53OIl8PKnbq4KwI7yWklVDFAAWMm+mL\/M2UBOv4rB\/Lo45bLOEldaucTBT44uAhXiZ9KtJ7EfacrWnOWoLyZTFD+a4SzX4QzytURzvDcFOFM3vtGOKNcF+HsHsjc5+ERyIxyj2DkvgQxGHl4FHI3M52jkFH+IlHIg2w3mvqpQ5dRrgldhhZpnutCl1EO+sELYpdRfu3YZdLutpWkTW01rxK8jLPnrRH93NEkeLXgZdzOk27QLwtebmeBLSo4+kXHBLeNvDgmWJkP3EfSFO1G96FrElTVIN1CGrFsrVYPpvwLxQGTrF89Drgt9tc44OFxwNCFXyEOmDlWXzwOGOW\/xkG9ZhwU6e\/B5rY2+RsMQoJT1CMIiXzezT+XICQ+yWsGIQklf+0gJL46byoICar08kFIKPcOQiJaIqVrmJuhHOWDwpNcSTleKOSorXWrz4q39YdRiSpUY544Dy5EmHK6gCN+FFQHI69F7g+5MrwNfhvMx68Sn0SbwKq5qzrePshq7hXouSNVoNKajWQyldKGFMHf850A1W3yYL9KCBLKJ\/s0rq3EVThD2qJtmVcVQF5qcnxJ93vI3s\/9Pgom01n0zUXASnap8\/rO9jMVcKu77KD1MUe53cd89qo+5v8\/OZfTnr+u9zXKgXZrg6xINb7Oy87uaeK+u1z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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n1qy0l81.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"gcri\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> \u00b7 Biodiversity Nexus<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Complex systems in ecology<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Ecosystems and the social and economic <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> that use them interact through feedbacks, thresholds and networks. Complex systems methods explore how those interactions produce regime shifts, cascades of extinction and correlated losses that simpler models miss, and they <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">stress test<\/a> management against them.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/\">Back to STEM foundation of Biodiversity Nexus<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Register<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Complex systems in ecology on the record.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"workbench\"><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Method record<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">STEM method<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Method<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Complex <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and agent-based modelling<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Steward<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/systems-modelling\/\">Systems Science and Modelling<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Applied in<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Data<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"#nx-sec-data\">4 inputs<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Checks<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"#nx-sec-checks\">3 validation steps<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Canonical page<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/complex-systems\/\">STEM Commons<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-application\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Application<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What complex systems and agent-based modelling does here.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Complex <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and agent-based modelling study systems whose behaviour emerges from interactions among many components. They help explain nonlinear dynamics, tipping points and collective behaviour. In biodiversity and nature, climate and hazards and oceans and coasts, complex systems approaches explore how interacting risks can produce sudden, systemic shifts. They support stress testing of policies against emergent behaviour. The canonical description is on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/complex-systems\/\">the STEM Commons<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cols\"><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 12h-2.48a2 2 0 0 0-1.93 1.46l-2.35 8.36a.25.25 0 0 1-.48 0L9.24 2.18a.25.25 0 0 0-.48 0l-2.35 8.36A2 2 0 0 1 4.49 12H2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Early warning of regime shifts<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Rising variance, autocorrelation and slower recovery in long ecological series are tested as signals of approaching transitions in lakes, reefs and drylands.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect x=\"16\" y=\"16\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" rx=\"1\"\/><rect x=\"2\" y=\"16\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" rx=\"1\"\/><rect x=\"9\" y=\"2\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" rx=\"1\"\/><path d=\"M5 16v-3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h12a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v3\"\/><path d=\"M12 12V8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Food-web and co-extinction networks<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Interaction networks of plants, pollinators, predators and prey are simulated to see how the loss of one species propagates through the web.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M16 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M22 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87\"\/><path d=\"M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Agent-based models of land and sea use<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Farmers, fishers, traders and regulators are represented as agents to explore how incentives, rules and ecology together drive clearing, overfishing or recovery.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Habitat condition in the Amazon Basin.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Land cover, vegetation and plant growth over the Amazon Basin, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"amazon:biodiversity\" data-ml-points=\"on\" data-ml-feeds=\"eonet|https:\/\/eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/v3\/events\" data-ml-src=\"biodiversity\" data-ml-plan=\"p-c8e90afc\" data-ml-view=\"3d\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:biodiversity\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.food.cover gibs.biodiversity.evi gibs.food.gpp gibs.water.true gibs.energy.fires gibs.health.people ev.eonet r.dist r.hls r.dswxs1 r.pace r.labels\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect measure compare aoi export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-biodiversity\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-biodiversity\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"-80,-18,-48,6\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"Habitat condition, the Amazon Basin: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"cover||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Land cover<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"evi||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Vegetation<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"gpp||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Plant growth<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"true||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">True colour<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">3<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">Habitat condition, for this page<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"cover\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.7\" data-wm-short=\"Land cover\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land cover type (IGBP), yearly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"class\">Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"cover\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.cover\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2024-01-01<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"evi\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Vegetation (EVI)\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite index; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Enhanced vegetation index, rolling 8 days<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE MODIS Terra EVI \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"evi\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"EVI\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"evi\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.biodiversity.evi\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra EVI (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite index; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-13<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite vegetation index for the 8 days to the date shown, a habitat condition indicator; not a measure of species or biodiversity.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"gpp\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Plant growth (GPP)\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite-driven model; latest 8-day period GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Gross primary production, 8-day total<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Aqua GPP (MYD17) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"gpp\">30 Sep 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"kgC\/m\u00b2\">Modelled (latest 8-day period GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"gpp\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.gpp\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest 8-day period GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Aqua GPP (MYD17) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>8-day; Satellite-driven model; latest 8-day period GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-09-30<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Model estimate of carbon taken up by plants over the 8-day period shown; an indicator of growth, not harvest or production.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"4\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.6\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite image\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">True colour<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"true\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.true\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite image<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"fires\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"24\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"1\" data-wm-breaks=\"10,50,200\" data-wm-short=\"Fires and flares\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE FIRMS\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite detection; clouds and overpass timing leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Active fires and thermal anomalies<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE FIRMS VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"fires\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"MW\">Observed (clouds and overpass timing leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"fires\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.energy.fires\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds and overpass timing leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS) (NASA LANCE FIRMS)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE FIRMS<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite detection; clouds and overpass timing leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-13<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite hot-spot detections for the day shown, including gas flares and industrial heat; not a confirmed fire, an incident report or a warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"people\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"25\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Population density\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)\" data-wm-kind=\"Census-based estimate, static (2020)\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Population density, 2020<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University) Gridded Population of the World v4.11 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"estimated\" data-wm-lic=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-wm-unit=\"people\/km\u00b2\">Estimated<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"people\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.people\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Estimated<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University))<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>null; Census-based estimate, static (2020)<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Census-based estimate of people per square kilometre in 2020, shown as exposure context; not a count of people affected by any hazard.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" aria-label=\"Map controls\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-open\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-panel\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Layers\" title=\"Layers\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2.5l-6.5 3.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5zm-6.5 6.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5m-13 2.8 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"tools\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" title=\"Expert tools\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 4.5l10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-7.5-8.5 0 3m5 .5 0 3m-3.5.5 0 3\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-sep\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"in\" aria-label=\"Zoom in\" title=\"Zoom in\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 3v10M3 8h10\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"out\" aria-label=\"Zoom out\" title=\"Zoom out\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 8h10\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"reset\" aria-label=\"Reset the view\" title=\"Reset the view\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.2 8a4.8 4.8 0 1 0 1.5-3.5M3.2 2.6v2.6h2.6\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" 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data-wm-tool=\"compare\">Compare two dates<kbd>C<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"share\">Copy a link to this view<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"png\">Export as PNG with credits<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"xt\" data-wm-xt=\"NxAjSJ6JoGGZsXu22d+kvA4nR9AJ6Njy+\/Xy2FIyELw=\">More expert tools<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\">Keyboard shortcuts<kbd>?<\/kbd><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-keys\" role=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Keyboard shortcuts\" hidden><p class=\"nx-wm-keys-title\">Keyboard, with the map focused<\/p><dl class=\"nx-wm-keys-list\"><\/dl><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-keys-close\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\" aria-label=\"Close the shortcuts\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-hint\" hidden>Hold Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll to zoom<\/p><p class=\"nx-wm-toolbar\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-tip\" role=\"tooltip\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin\" hidden><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-pin-title\"><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"unpin\" aria-label=\"Close the card\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-chart\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-body\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-dock\"><div class=\"nx-wm-time\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Imagery date\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"prev\" aria-label=\"One day earlier\">\u2039<\/button><p class=\"nx-wm-time-label\">Latest available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Habitat condition, framed on the Amazon Basin.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET \u00b7 NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.water-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.modis-viirs.land\">MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.firms\">NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), VIIRS 375 m active fire product, NASA LANCE; vector tiles via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"sedac.gpw-v4\">Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7927\/H49C6VHW\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.7927\/H49C6VHW<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li><\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>Optional layers (6 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/li><li>Enhanced vegetation index, rolling 8 days: MODIS Terra EVI, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"evi\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Gross primary production, 8-day total: MODIS Aqua GPP (MYD17), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"gpp\">30 Sep 2026<\/span><\/li><li>True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Active fires and thermal anomalies: VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS), NASA LANCE FIRMS \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"fires\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/stem\/complex-systems\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Biodiversity Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-label=\"Data, Monitor, Validation, Simulator\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Data, Monitor, Validation, Simulator\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-data\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Data<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-5-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Monitor<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-checks\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Validation<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-instrument\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Simulator<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-data\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What the method consumes.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Datasets and records used by complex <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and agent-based modelling on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/research\/sources\/\">the source register<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Data<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Long-term ecological time series<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a> indicators<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Species interaction networks<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Network structure<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Land-use and fisheries surveys<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Calibration of agent behaviour<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Model ensembles<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Structural uncertainty<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"data\" data-nxf-kind=\"data\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/stem\/complex-systems\/#data\" data-nxf-title=\"Method record\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/stem\/complex-systems\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-5-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Monitor<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Agent-based simulation.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The screen a team would use to follow this method: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-biodiversity-method-abm\" data-cx=\"biodiversity.method-abm\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Agent-based simulation: illustrative console with example names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Agent-based simulation<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">Biodiversity \u00b7 Complex systems in ecology \u00b7 Run R-7901<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure&#8217;s values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"info\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>323 runs<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GCRI \u00b7 Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"4\" data-t=\"chart\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Outcome across runs<\/h4><\/div><\/div><svg class=\"nx-fk-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 460 210\" width=\"460\" height=\"210\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Outcome across runs\" focusable=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" data-fk-chart=\"cx-biodiversity-method-abm-c0\" data-fk-xs=\"lin,0,23,36,446\" data-fk-ys=\"lin,0,100,180,20\" data-fk-series=\"Median run|acc|l||0:41.630768903438;1:43.30054704267532;2:40.91659428616986;3:42.11356940502301;4:46.9625436514616;5:46.833395885210486;6:48.665947085991505;7:50.01271864837036;8:47.01453458340839;9:52.84138249326497;10:52.84808097770438;11:49.73062912356109;12:51.955275658704345;13:56.73424299396575;14:55.63665314717218;15:57.34089182307944;16:56.263102097716185;17:58.84631058638916;18:58.02112449435518;19:58.58322498481721;20:62.63503652941436;21:63.03086897991598;22:63.89832514356823;23:67.82285785730929~Run spread, upper|s3|l||0:47.630768903438;1:51.50054704267532;2:51.31659428616986;3:54.71356940502301;4:61.7625436514616;5:63.833395885210486;6:67.86594708599151;7:71.41271864837036;8:70.61453458340839;9:78.64138249326497;10:80.84808097770437;11:79.93062912356109;12:84.35527565870434;13:91.33424299396574;14:92.4366531471722;15:96.34089182307943;16:97.46310209771619;17:99;18:99;19:99;20:99;21:99;22:99;23:99~Run spread, lower|s3|l||0:35.630768903438;1:35.30054704267532;2:30.91659428616986;3:30.113569405023007;4:32.9625436514616;5:30.833395885210486;6:30.665947085991505;7:30.01271864837036;8:25.01453458340839;9:28.841382493264973;10:26.848080977704377;11:21.730629123561087;12:21.955275658704345;13:24.73424299396575;14:21.636653147172183;15:21.34089182307944;16:18.263102097716185;17:18.84631058638916;18:16.021124494355178;19:14.583224984817207;20:16.635036529414357;21:15.03086897991598;22:13.89832514356823;23:15.822857857309288\" data-nx-z=\"lZVfcpswEIevwuhZ2Wi1+oNmjE+g9qkXIIYGJo7TMWTqnqzvPVlnJWEnaR3bTyx4xYc+fl5Wj1XXzu3dcyPaQz+J9Wo77vrjtcf92InqgI0gJ6qDzsdf2AitRPVLNwJrJe7Xq7k\/zMdV87h5EtWhNDcCgxEVd9y1u83wsm\/E89h1216sv6nVPf9wFouGMjcVV4Nz96dkvITWJkDI8FJejV\/6P30AfekBiAo+FddLp4touoQ2przuVFyNzt2fos3\/0e1hnN4H7Uhm4lv0\/eN6dWtqz97sjEKVt1ET2A8b6XedWF98c\/9gzYI1V2DNGay2N3PVwlVXcNUZrr15v65g3WWqOwP1N292iai+DNVnoKiOW323fts+9Nt3I019WD7N7X4W66\/t\/Lpvt9XQPoxzO1f9Ye53c\/Xnd9Xvpv75YdtXL9+r\/etuWjgc5x\/tPJxY464X+eypEdu753KyaUS72Yiqa8QXchKRwERLUEtEBT56BC8RDdhYB7ASUYOLqDyQRGUgRNQWUKKygBENX9VcOcX3UCqir8Gl3jpicGBksGCjRgPEpYmadLqD4pqHnAwOQtTOg5d1AB11bcHJgJEUgZF1DRRJI2gZVCQKsrZQR7IOgqw96Eje8FrHfUGDlT5AHQ0qIC51NLoGLb3nq8ZJj2D5\/X7qbBhP0iYqdddOQyPm\/evS+rMRePKpCOrsM3hwWWfwELJNfrQis0bQxaXn31mlRzDFpLPgi0rni0drWE3yaBW44tGy\/qzR2CKRiH0midxTNGoLoWjUhq9SkBrBFZG5TCJzmUSmMovMZRKZS+NScVHk9uV2kZpKLPlfVmJJ6hhLQo5XjqX2QEssiUOcYkmKreZYkl5iaVSRidlRsonkl1Aay46TTTTmmEo0KazJKPeYopTrxSlaxaEkXhmO8URruDtpRevAF69o+Z+XxaJdvKJdEsrrPJs9faU2+5dpEtUwdl2\/a0Q+Lp8tHmYqzzL1348tj4h9vzmNo2Gc3w4jbv85dvPQCMODaejHx2FuBKbx+xc=\"><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"2\" data-t=\"kv\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Method card<\/h4><\/div><\/div><dl class=\"nx-fk-dl\"><div><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>Complex systems and agent-based modelling<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Agents<\/dt><dd>17,896<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Calibration<\/dt><dd>pattern-oriented<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Label<\/dt><dd><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"info\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>MODELLED<\/span><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Behavioural rules<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-biodiversity-method-abm-t2\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-biodiversity-method-abm-t2\" aria-label=\"Behavioural rules\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Agent type<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Rule<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">Parameter<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">Source<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-method-abm:r2-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Protected area authority<\/td><td>adapts after 5 losses<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.2\">0.2<\/td><td>survey, labelled<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-method-abm:r2-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Environment ministry<\/td><td>adapts after 5 losses<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.2\">0.2<\/td><td>survey, labelled<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-method-abm:r2-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Indigenous and local community council<\/td><td>adapts after 2 losses<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.4\">0.4<\/td><td>survey, labelled<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Agent-based simulation: the screen&#8217;s structure, terms and states for Biodiversity.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-checks\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Validation<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How results are checked.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Models are evaluated by matching multiple stylised facts and patterns at different scales. Sensitivity and robustness analysis test dependence on assumptions.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Check<\/th><th scope=\"col\">How it is done<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Pattern-oriented validation<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Models must reproduce several observed patterns at different scales, not a single target<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Sensitivity and robustness<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Conclusions are tested across parameter ranges and alternative model structures<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 false-alarm\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A warning or trigger that is issued when the event does not then occur.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">False alarm<\/a> testing<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a> methods are tested on series with and without known transitions<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Many plausible models can reproduce the same patterns. Calibration and validation data are often limited.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-instrument\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-ns-layout=\"es-wide\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Stocks, flows, delays and a tipping threshold.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Two stocks, pressure and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 adaptive-capacity\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The ability of a system, institution or community to adjust to actual or expected change, take advantage of opportunities and moderate harm. Adaptive capacity works over longer time horizons than coping.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">adaptive capacity<\/a>, joined by a reinforcing growth loop, a delayed balancing response and damage when pressure outruns capacity; past the threshold the system can tip. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows The Amazon Basin; the model itself is not tied to a place.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-in nx-fk\" id=\"nx-in-biodiversity-nexus-stem-complex-systems-0\" data-nxi=\"sd\" data-nxi-id=\"sd\" data-nxi-z=\"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\" aria-label=\"Stocks, flows, delays and a tipping threshold\"><div class=\"nx-in-body\"><div class=\"nx-in-main\"><div class=\"nx-in-tabs\" data-nxi-tabs=\"true\" aria-label=\"Views of the model\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"result\">Result<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"loops\">Loops<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"fan\">Uncertainty<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"tornado\">Sensitivity<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-stage\" id=\"nx-in-biodiversity-nexus-stem-complex-systems-0-stage\" data-nxi-stage=\"true\" data-view=\"result\"><svg class=\"nx-in-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 720 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Stocks over time\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-in-tip\" data-nxi-tip=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><div class=\"nx-in-bar\" data-nxi-bar=\"true\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Play over time\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-prev=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step back\">&#8249;<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-play=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Play<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-next=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step forward\">&#8250;<\/button><span class=\"nx-in-step\" data-nxi-step=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-side\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><div class=\"nx-in-ctl\" data-nxi-ctl=\"true\"><dl class=\"nx-in-pv\"><div><dt>Growth of pressure<\/dt><dd>6.0% a year<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Efficacy of capacity in reducing pressure<\/dt><dd>4.0% a year<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Investment response to perceived pressure<\/dt><dd>20%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Perception delay<\/dt><dd>4.0 years<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Tipping threshold of pressure<\/dt><dd>60 index<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Amplification past the threshold<\/dt><dd>2.0 times<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Years simulated<\/dt><dd>50 years<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Readouts<\/p><dl class=\"nx-in-out\" data-nxi-out=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><div><dt>Peak pressure<\/dt><dd>113 index<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Capacity at the end<\/dt><dd>186 index<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Years over the threshold<\/dt><dd>15.8 years<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><details class=\"nx-in-more\"><summary>Numbers, methods and sources<\/summary><div class=\"nx-in-more-in\"><div class=\"nx-in-tblw\" data-nxi-table=\"true\"><table class=\"nx-in-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pressure<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Capacity<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Perceived<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">0<\/th><td>20.0<\/td><td>50.0<\/td><td>20.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">4<\/th><td>23.3<\/td><td>44.9<\/td><td>21.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">8<\/th><td>27.2<\/td><td>42.2<\/td><td>24.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">12<\/th><td>31.7<\/td><td>42.3<\/td><td>27.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">16<\/th><td>36.8<\/td><td>45.5<\/td><td>32.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">20<\/th><td>42.3<\/td><td>51.5<\/td><td>37.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">24<\/th><td>47.9<\/td><td>60.3<\/td><td>42.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">28<\/th><td>53.2<\/td><td>71.3<\/td><td>48.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">32<\/th><td>57.8<\/td><td>84.3<\/td><td>53.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">36<\/th><td>66.4<\/td><td>98.4<\/td><td>58.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">40<\/th><td>82.7<\/td><td>115.9<\/td><td>69.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">44<\/th><td>97.8<\/td><td>139.7<\/td><td>83.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">48<\/th><td>109.1<\/td><td>169.4<\/td><td>97.3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-csv=\"true\" hidden>Download the numbers (CSV)<\/button><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Methods<\/h4><ol class=\"nx-in-meth\"><li>System dynamics <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Forrester (1961), Industrial Dynamics, MIT Press; Sterman (2000), Business Dynamics<\/span><\/li><li>Critical transitions and tipping points <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Scheffer and others (2009), Early-warning signals for critical transitions, Nature 461<\/span><\/li><li>Causal loop diagram <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Sterman (2000), Business Dynamics, McGraw-Hill<\/span><\/li><li>Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333<\/span><\/li><li>One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley<\/span><\/li><\/ol><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Data<\/h4><p class=\"nx-p\">No observed data enters this model: it runs on the teaching values set by the controls, to be replaced with a programme&#8217;s own evidence.<\/p><\/div><\/details><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\">Stocks, flows, delays and a tipping threshold. Illustrative teaching model: it runs on the values set by the controls, not on measured data. Methods: System dynamics (Forrester (1961), Industrial Dynamics, MIT Press; Sterman (2000), Business Dynamics); Critical transitions and tipping points (Scheffer and others (2009), Early-warning signals for critical transitions, Nature 461); Causal loop diagram (Sterman (2000), Business Dynamics, McGraw-Hill).<\/figcaption><div class=\"nx-in-pls\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-pl\" aria-label=\"Where this instrument connects across the pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Experiments<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Built in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/foundry\/\">Biodiversity Nexus in Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Tested at<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/universe\/\">Biodiversity Nexus in Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Codified in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/\">Climate and Earth Systems in Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Published in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/reports\/\">Biodiversity Nexus in Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Taught in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/\">Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences in Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><span class=\"nx-in-keep\" hidden><i data-c=\"c1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c4\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c6\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"h3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"neg\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"0\"><\/i><i data-l=\"1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"2\"><\/i><i data-l=\"3\"><\/i><i data-l=\"4\"><\/i><i data-l=\"5\"><\/i><i data-on=\"0\"><\/i><i data-on=\"1\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"p\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"n\"><\/i><i data-k=\"R\"><\/i><i data-k=\"B\"><\/i><i data-k=\"dash\"><\/i><i data-dash=\"true\"><\/i><i data-view=\"result\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"on\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"off\"><\/i><i class=\"nx-in-svg nx-in-grid nx-in-ax nx-in-tk nx-in-at nx-in-ln nx-in-band nx-in-lbl nx-in-lk nx-in-ref nx-in-reft nx-in-mk nx-in-x nx-in-rect nx-in-val nx-in-rowl nx-in-cl nx-in-arrow nx-in-pol nx-in-cln nx-in-loop nx-in-edge nx-in-node nx-in-nl nx-in-reach nx-in-trib nx-in-agent nx-in-flow nx-in-legend nx-in-sw nx-in-note nx-in-loops nx-in-3d nx-in-cv nx-in-field nx-in-fl nx-in-fv nx-in-range nx-in-btn nx-in-err nx-in-tbl nx-in-cite\"><\/i><\/span><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-label=\"Connections, Twin and cascade simulator, Stewardship, Methods and evidence\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Connections, Twin and cascade simulator, Stewardship, Methods and evidence\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-connections\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Connections<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-twin\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-stewardship\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Stewardship<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-audience\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Methods and evidence<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-connections\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connections<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Topics that rely on this method.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/ecosystem-integrity\/\"><span>Ecosystem integrity<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/forest-and-landscapes\/\"><span>Forests and landscapes<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/coastal-marine-biodiversity\/\"><span>Coastal and marine biodiversity<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/restoration-and-nature-based-solutions\/\"><span>Restoration and nature-based solutions<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/ecosystem-services\/\"><span>Ecosystem services<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-span=\"wide\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Model complex systems in ecology as a system. Run the cascade.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Assembled from the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> area profile <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/biodiversity-risk-standards\/\">Biodiversity and nature risk standards<\/a>: the hazards it names, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/system-builder\/\">System Builder<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-es-stem-complex-systems-G05\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\">Deforestation<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.biodiversity-loss\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Decline in the variety and abundance of species and habitats that weakens services such as pollination, fisheries and soil formation.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\">Biodiversity loss<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h21\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.surface.soil-erosion\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Erosion and sediment movement\" data-td=\"Loss of topsoil to water or wind, stripping fertility and filling reservoirs and channels downstream.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H21\" data-tr=\"draft\">Soil erosion<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Land-system change boundary transgression (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Amazon rainforest dieback (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Slope slide (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Flash flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Zoonotic spillover event (set off downstream)<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Wildfire<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Emerging arbovirus outbreak (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Malaria resurgence (set off downstream)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/biodiversity-risk-standards\/\">Biodiversity and nature risk standards<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/climate-risk-standards\/\">Climate risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Feedback<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/health-risk-standards\/\">Health risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/food-risk-standards\/\">Food and agriculture risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Dependency<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/environmental-degradation-hazard-standards\/\">Environmental degradation hazard standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Shared hazard records<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-0<\/code> Constitution and principles<\/li><li><code>NS-1<\/code> The <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> and the artefact catalogue (grammar v0.2: domain, sector, region and environment segments)<\/li><li><code>NS-3<\/code> Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)<\/li><li><code>NS-3b<\/code> Dataset and product metadata profile (STAC, DCAT, PROV-O)<\/li><li><code>NS-5<\/code> Figure, map and visualisation standard (with the UI\/UX kit)<\/li><li><code>NS-9<\/code> Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)<\/li><li><code>NS-11<\/code> Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)<\/li><li><code>NRS-N5<\/code> Biodiversity and nature risk and resilience<\/li><li><code>NRS-H65<\/code> Hazard family: Planetary boundary transgressions (NHS-1 planet.boundary)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H27<\/code> Hazard family: Biodiversity and species stress (NHS-1 eco.species)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H26<\/code> Hazard family: Land and wetland degradation (NHS-1 eco.land)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H28<\/code> Hazard family: Climate-state shifts (NHS-1 eco.climate-state)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H64<\/code> Hazard family: Ecosystem regime shifts (NHS-1 eco.regime-shift)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>GBIF occurrence API and downloads (listed for reference)<\/li><li>World Database on Protected and Conserved Areas (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Global Forest Watch tree cover loss (Hansen\/UMD) and alerts (listed for reference)<\/li><li>ESA WorldCover 10 m land cover (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Red List Index<\/li><li>Forest area as a proportion of total land area<\/li><li>Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity covered by protected areas<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Example geography<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Pacific Island states: 150 hexagonal cells<\/li><li>Vegetation disturbance alerts, 30 m (OPERA DIST-ALERT), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface soil moisture (SMAP), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-stewardship\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Stewardship<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who maintains the method.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/systems-modelling\/\">Systems Science and Modelling<\/a> stewards complex <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and agent-based modelling for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/complex-systems\/\">Canonical page: Complex systems and agent-based modelling<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and evidence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How complex systems in ecology is modelled, measured and tested.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"science\" data-au-n=\"1\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"eo-chain\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Earth observation chain<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">How a satellite or sensor record becomes evidence on complex systems in ecology, and where each step adds uncertainty.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-au-chain\"><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">01 \u00b7 Acquire<\/span><span>orbit, sensor and revisit<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: gaps from cloud and orbit<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">02 \u00b7 Calibrate<\/span><span>radiometric and geometric<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: sensor drift<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">03 \u00b7 Correct<\/span><span>atmosphere and terrain<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: aerosol and slope assumptions<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">04 \u00b7 Retrieve or classify<\/span><span>the variable or the class<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: model and training error<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">05 \u00b7 Validate<\/span><span>against ground truth<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: sample design and size<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">06 \u00b7 Publish<\/span><span>with error bars and lineage<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: stated, never hidden<\/span><\/li><\/ol><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Processing chain in the CEOS Analysis Ready Data sense; each step records its uncertainty before a figure is drawn. A generic structure, not results.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">FAIR guiding principles \u00b7 GO FAIR and FORCE11<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">W3C PROV \u00b7 World Wide Web Consortium<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Guidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties \u00b7 IPCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">CEOS Analysis Ready Data \u00b7 Committee on Earth Observation Satellites<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-3\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-label=\"Connected, Questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Connected, Questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-12-sec\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Connected<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-13-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-s-12-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connected<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page leads across the Consortium.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/systems-modelling\/stem\/complex-systems\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Steward platform<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Complex systems methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Systems Science and Modelling stewards this method.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-13-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>What are the limits of complex systems and agent-based modelling in this field?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Many plausible models can reproduce the same patterns. Calibration and validation data are often limited.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How are results checked?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Models are evaluated by matching multiple stylised facts and patterns at different scales. Sensitivity and robustness analysis test dependence on assumptions.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Are the values on this page real?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. The canvas shows a design of the method&#8217;s use, not a run; no result is reported here.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Where else is this method applied?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/complex-systems\/\">canonical method page<\/a> lists every platform that applies it.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Sector Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Observatory Signal<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. 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A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-k-global-biodiversity-nexus-stem-complex-systems-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-k-global-biodiversity-nexus-stem-complex-systems-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-k-global-biodiversity-nexus-stem-complex-systems-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\/nxs-ews\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Nxs-ews<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/climate-science\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Climate science, variability and change<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/climate-risk-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Climate risk standards<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-14\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring a method, a dataset or a question.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Information and enquiries are open today. 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