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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n1sqcogz.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"gcri\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> \u00b7 Biodiversity Nexus<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Coastal and marine biodiversity<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Coastal and marine ecosystems, from mangroves and seagrass to coral reefs, kelp forests and the open ocean, support fisheries, protect shorelines and store carbon. They face fishing, coastal development, pollution, warming and acidification at once, and much of the ocean is observed only sparsely. This page sets out how marine biodiversity, fish stocks and coastal integrity are measured, how pressures interact, and what the evidence means for fisheries, coastal and marine authorities.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/\">Back to Topics<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Register<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Coastal and marine biodiversity on the record.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"fieldmap\"><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Dossier<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Biodiversity Nexus \u00b7 topic<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-question\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">The question<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">4 mechanisms<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-field\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Field<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">hexagonal field plate<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-indicators\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Indicators<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">8<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-sources\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">8<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-decisions\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Decision holders<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">4<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-methods\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">6<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-question\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The question<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Coastal and marine biodiversity: how the risk develops.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Marine ecosystems, fish stocks and coastal integrity. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"2\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M2 21c.6.5 1.2 1 2.5 1 2.5 0 2.5-2 5-2 1.3 0 1.9.5 2.5 1 .6.5 1.2 1 2.5 1 2.5 0 2.5-2 5-2 1.3 0 1.9.5 2.5 1\"\/><path d=\"M19.38 20A11.6 11.6 0 0 0 21 14l-9-4-9 4c0 2.9.94 5.34 2.81 7.76\"\/><path d=\"M19 13V7a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H7a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v6\"\/><path d=\"M12 10v4\"\/><path d=\"M12 2v3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Overexploitation<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Fishing beyond what stocks can replace reduces abundance, shifts catches toward smaller species and removes predators that structure food webs. Bycatch affects seabirds, turtles, sharks and marine mammals, and illegal fishing hides the true pressure.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M12 2v2\"\/><path d=\"m4.93 4.93 1.41 1.41\"\/><path d=\"M20 12h2\"\/><path d=\"m19.07 4.93-1.41 1.41\"\/><path d=\"M15.947 12.65a4 4 0 0 0-5.925-4.128\"\/><path d=\"M3 20a5 5 0 1 1 8.9-4H13a3 3 0 0 1 2 5.24\"\/><path d=\"M11 20v2\"\/><path d=\"M7 19v2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Warming and acidification<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Marine heatwaves bleach corals and kill kelp and seagrass; warming shifts species toward the poles and changes where stocks can be fished. Acidification lowers the saturation of the carbonate minerals that corals and shellfish need to build skeletons.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M14.106 5.553a2 2 0 0 0 1.788 0l3.659-1.83A1 1 0 0 1 21 4.619v12.764a1 1 0 0 1-.553.894l-4.553 2.277a2 2 0 0 1-1.788 0l-4.212-2.106a2 2 0 0 0-1.788 0l-3.659 1.83A1 1 0 0 1 3 19.381V6.618a1 1 0 0 1 .553-.894l4.553-2.277a2 2 0 0 1 1.788 0z\"\/><path d=\"M15 5.76v15\"\/><path d=\"M9 3.24v15\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Coastal squeeze<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Mangroves, salt marshes and seagrass are cleared for aquaculture, ports and housing, and hemmed in by sea walls as sea level rises. Losing them removes nurseries for fish and natural buffers against <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.storm-surge\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Sea level pushed above the tide by storm wind and low pressure, flooding the coast.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">storm surge<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"4.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m10.2 6.3-3.9 3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"4.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"M7 12h10\"\/><circle cx=\"19.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m13.8 17.7 3.9-3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"19.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Compounding along the coast<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Nutrient runoff from land fuels algal blooms and low-oxygen zones; weakened reefs recover more slowly from storms and heat. Declining coastal fisheries then reach food security, tourism revenue and the insurance of coastal property.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Ocean state in the Amazon Basin.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Marine heat, sea temperature and chlorophyll over the Amazon Basin, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"amazon:oceans\" data-ml-feeds=\"eonet|https:\/\/eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/v3\/events\" data-ml-src=\"oceans\" data-ml-plan=\"p-fcea0e08\" data-ml-relief=\"1.2\" data-ml-chart=\"f.marine\" data-ml-view=\"3d\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:oceans\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.biodiversity.ssta gibs.biodiversity.sst gibs.biodiversity.chl gibs.food.cover gibs.water.true gibs.biodiversity.evi ev.eonet r.dist r.hls f.marine r.pace gx.nhc f.ens r.goese\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect measure compare aoi export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-oceans\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-oceans\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"-80,-18,-48,6\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"Ocean state, the Amazon Basin: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"ssta||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Marine heat<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"sst||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Sea temperature<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"chl||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Plankton (chlorophyll)<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"cover||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Land cover<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">3<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">Ocean state, for this page<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"ssta\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Marine heat (anomaly)\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA JPL PO.DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite analysis\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Sea surface temperature anomaly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA JPL PO.DAAC GHRSST MUR25 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ssta\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"\u00b0C\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"ssta\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.biodiversity.ssta\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>GHRSST MUR25 (NASA JPL PO.DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA JPL PO.DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite analysis<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite analysis of how far sea temperature departs from its usual value for the date shown; a marine heat indicator, not a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.coral-bleaching\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Corals expelling their algal partners under heat stress, turning white and often dying, with loss of reef fisheries and shore protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\">coral bleaching<\/a> alert.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"sst\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Sea temperature\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA JPL PO.DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite analysis\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Sea surface temperature<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA JPL PO.DAAC GHRSST MUR \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"sst\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"\u00b0C\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"sst\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.biodiversity.sst\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>GHRSST MUR (NASA JPL PO.DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA JPL PO.DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite analysis<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Gap-filled satellite analysis of sea surface temperature for the date shown; not a reef or species condition report.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"chl\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.9\" data-wm-short=\"Chlorophyll-a\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA OB.DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite retrieval; clouds and sun glint leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Ocean chlorophyll-a concentration<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA OB.DAAC MODIS Aqua ocean colour \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"chl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"mg\/m\u00b3\">Observed (clouds and sun glint leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"chl\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.biodiversity.chl\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds and sun glint leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Aqua ocean colour (NASA OB.DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA OB.DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite retrieval; clouds and sun glint leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-13<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite estimate of chlorophyll-a near the sea surface on the day shown, an indicator of plankton and ocean productivity; not a measure of fish stocks or harmful blooms.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"cover\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"23\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.7\" data-wm-short=\"Land cover\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land cover type (IGBP), yearly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"class\">Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"cover\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.cover\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2024-01-01<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"5\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.6\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite image\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">True colour<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"true\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.true\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite image<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"evi\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"25\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Vegetation (EVI)\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite index; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Enhanced vegetation index, rolling 8 days<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE MODIS Terra EVI \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"evi\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"EVI\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"evi\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.biodiversity.evi\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra EVI (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite index; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-13<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite vegetation index for the 8 days to the date shown, a habitat condition indicator; not a measure of species or biodiversity.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" aria-label=\"Map controls\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-open\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-panel\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Layers\" title=\"Layers\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2.5l-6.5 3.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5zm-6.5 6.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5m-13 2.8 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"tools\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" title=\"Expert tools\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 4.5l10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-7.5-8.5 0 3m5 .5 0 3m-3.5.5 0 3\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-sep\" 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stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"full\" aria-label=\"Full screen\" title=\"Full screen\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M2.5 6l0-3.5 3.5 0m7.5 3.5 0-3.5-3.5 0m-7.5 7.5 0 3.5 3.5 0m7.5-3.5 0 3.5-3.5 0\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-menu\" id=\"nx-wm-menu\" role=\"menu\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"inspect\">Inspect a point<kbd>I<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"measure\">Measure distance<kbd>M<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"compare\">Compare two dates<kbd>C<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"share\">Copy a link to this view<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"png\">Export as PNG with credits<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"xt\" data-wm-xt=\"NxAjSJ6JoGGZsXu22d+kvA4nR9AJ6Njy+\/Xy2FIyELw=\">More expert tools<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\">Keyboard shortcuts<kbd>?<\/kbd><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-keys\" role=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Keyboard shortcuts\" hidden><p class=\"nx-wm-keys-title\">Keyboard, with the map focused<\/p><dl class=\"nx-wm-keys-list\"><\/dl><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-keys-close\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\" aria-label=\"Close the shortcuts\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-hint\" hidden>Hold Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll to zoom<\/p><p class=\"nx-wm-toolbar\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-tip\" role=\"tooltip\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin\" hidden><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-pin-title\"><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"unpin\" aria-label=\"Close the card\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-chart\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-body\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-dock\"><div class=\"nx-wm-time\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Imagery date\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"prev\" aria-label=\"One day earlier\">\u2039<\/button><p class=\"nx-wm-time-label\">Latest available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Ocean state, framed on the Amazon Basin.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET \u00b7 NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.water-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.podaac.ghrsst-mur\">GHRSST Level 4 MUR analyses, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; distributed by the NASA Physical Oceanography DAAC (PO.DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.obdaac.ocean-color\">MODIS Aqua ocean colour, NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group; distributed by the NASA Ocean Biology DAAC (OB.DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.modis-viirs.land\">MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li><\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https:\/\/open-meteo.com\/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/).<\/li><li>Optional layers (10 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Sea surface temperature anomaly: GHRSST MUR25, NASA JPL PO.DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ssta\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Sea surface temperature: GHRSST MUR, NASA JPL PO.DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"sst\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Ocean chlorophyll-a concentration: MODIS Aqua ocean colour, NASA OB.DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"chl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/li><li>True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Enhanced vegetation index, rolling 8 days: MODIS Terra EVI, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"evi\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/topics\/coastal-marine-biodiversity\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Biodiversity Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-label=\"Couplings, Monitor, Reports, standards and contributions, Twin and cascade simulator\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Couplings, Monitor, Reports, standards and contributions, Twin and cascade simulator\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-couplings\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Couplings<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-5-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Monitor<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-standards\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-twin\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-couplings\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Couplings<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Coastal ecosystems protect shores and feed millions.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th>Domain<\/th><th>How it couples here<\/th><th>What to watch<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Food<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Fisheries depend on reefs, mangroves and seagrass as nurseries.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Fish stock status<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Water<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Rivers deliver sediment and nutrients; excess nutrients cause dead zones.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Coastal hypoxia events<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Health<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Harmful algal blooms contaminate seafood.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Shellfish toxin monitoring<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Energy<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Offshore wind and coastal power plants interact with marine life.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Marine spatial planning records<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-p\">Coral reefs face repeated mass bleaching; NOAA and the International Coral Reef Initiative confirmed a fourth global bleaching event in April 2024. The Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network&#8217;s status report (2021) documents long-term change. The Agreement on Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction was adopted in 2023; its status of ratification is tracked by the United Nations.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-5-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Monitor<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Ecosystem condition account.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The screen a team would use to follow this subject: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-biodiversity-condition\" data-cx=\"biodiversity.condition\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Ecosystem condition account: illustrative console with example names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Ecosystem condition account<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">Coastal and marine biodiversity \u00b7 Wetland complex \u00b7 Accounting year 4<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure&#8217;s values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><ul class=\"nx-fk-kpis\" data-n=\"4\"><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Extent change<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k0\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">\u25b2 1<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">pct of opening<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Watch<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k0\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,10.2L10.2,14.1L18.4,17.9L26.5,21.3L34.7,23L42.9,19.4L51.1,22.7L59.3,19.3L67.5,16.4L75.6,20.2L83.8,21.9L92,3L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,10.2L10.2,14.1L18.4,17.9L26.5,21.3L34.7,23L42.9,19.4L51.1,22.7L59.3,19.3L67.5,16.4L75.6,20.2L83.8,21.9L92,3\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"3\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Condition index<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k1\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">0.60<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">0 to 1<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-d\" data-dir=\"down\" data-good=\"na\">0.07<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Watch<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k1\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,19.3L10.2,23L18.4,20L26.5,16.3L34.7,16.9L42.9,15.6L51.1,10.8L59.3,13.5L67.5,11.8L75.6,7.4L83.8,3L92,13.2L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,19.3L10.2,23L18.4,20L26.5,16.3L34.7,16.9L42.9,15.6L51.1,10.8L59.3,13.5L67.5,11.8L75.6,7.4L83.8,3L92,13.2\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"13.2\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Species of concern<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k2\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">20<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">recorded<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k2\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,23L10.2,19.4L18.4,13.2L26.5,8.2L34.7,3L42.9,7.7L51.1,10.2L59.3,12.4L67.5,5.9L75.6,6.4L83.8,3.9L92,11L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,23L10.2,19.4L18.4,13.2L26.5,8.2L34.7,3L42.9,7.7L51.1,10.2L59.3,12.4L67.5,5.9L75.6,6.4L83.8,3.9L92,11\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"11\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Restoration under management<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k3\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">412<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">ha<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Normal<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k3\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,23L10.2,17.5L18.4,13.9L26.5,12.3L34.7,18.3L42.9,13.5L51.1,10.5L59.3,3.9L67.5,8.5L75.6,7L83.8,3L92,9.1L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,23L10.2,17.5L18.4,13.9L26.5,12.3L34.7,18.3L42.9,13.5L51.1,10.5L59.3,3.9L67.5,8.5L75.6,7L83.8,3L92,9.1\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"9.1\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Condition declining<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GCRI \u00b7 Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Condition indicators<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-biodiversity-condition-t1\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-biodiversity-condition-t1\" aria-label=\"Condition indicators\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Indicator<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Opening<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">Closing<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">Reference<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-condition:r1-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Water level regime<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.7\">0.7<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.5\">0.5<\/td><td data-num=\"true\">1.0<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-condition:r1-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Native vegetation cover<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.8\">0.8<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.8\">0.8<\/td><td data-num=\"true\">1.0<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-condition:r1-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Invasive species pressure<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.3\">0.3<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.3\">0.3<\/td><td data-num=\"true\">0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-condition:r1-3\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Connectivity<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.5\">0.5<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.6\">0.6<\/td><td data-num=\"true\">1.0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"chart\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Condition index<\/h4><\/div><\/div><svg class=\"nx-fk-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 460 210\" width=\"460\" height=\"210\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Condition index\" focusable=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" data-fk-chart=\"cx-biodiversity-condition-c2\" data-fk-xs=\"lin,0,23,36,446\" data-fk-ys=\"lin,0,100,180,20\" data-fk-series=\"Measured|ink|l||0:49.5;1:47.7;2:47.5;3:50.3;4:44.9;5:41.8;6:42.7;7:44.6;8:44.1;9:42.4;10:37;11:34.6;12:30.4;13:29.9;14:33.7;15:27.3;16:22.6;17:21.7;18:16.2;19:9.9;20:6;21:6;22:6;23:8.9~Target path|acc|l||0:49;1:51.6;2:53.3;3:48.4;4:47.8;5:43.2;6:43.4;7:43.9;8:44.7;9:40.1;10:40.6;11:41;12:41.9;13:43.4;14:44.4;15:41;16:43.8;17:40.2;18:43;19:41.6;20:44.5;21:44.6;22:47.2;23:47.1\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Ecosystem condition account: the screen&#8217;s structure, terms and states for Coastal and marine biodiversity.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-standards\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Marine nature evidence.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Coastal and marine analyses are designed for the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/series\/regional-systems\/\">Regional Systems series<\/a>, with the Oceans and Coasts platform. Useful contributions: reef and mangrove survey data through OBIS, bleaching observations and fisheries monitoring.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-span=\"wide\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Model coastal and marine biodiversity as a system. Run the cascade.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Assembled from the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> area profile <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/biodiversity-risk-standards\/\">Biodiversity and nature risk standards<\/a>: the hazards it names, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/system-builder\/\">System Builder<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-es-topics-coastal-marine-biodiversity-G05\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\">Deforestation<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.biodiversity-loss\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Decline in the variety and abundance of species and habitats that weakens services such as pollination, fisheries and soil formation.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\">Biodiversity loss<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h21\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.surface.soil-erosion\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Erosion and sediment movement\" data-td=\"Loss of topsoil to water or wind, stripping fertility and filling reservoirs and channels downstream.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H21\" data-tr=\"draft\">Soil erosion<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Land-system change boundary transgression (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Amazon rainforest dieback (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Slope slide (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Flash flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Zoonotic spillover event (set off downstream)<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Wildfire<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Emerging arbovirus outbreak (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Malaria resurgence (set off downstream)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/biodiversity-risk-standards\/\">Biodiversity and nature risk standards<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/climate-risk-standards\/\">Climate risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Feedback<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/health-risk-standards\/\">Health risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/food-risk-standards\/\">Food and agriculture risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Dependency<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/environmental-degradation-hazard-standards\/\">Environmental degradation hazard standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Shared hazard records<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-0<\/code> Constitution and principles<\/li><li><code>NS-1<\/code> The <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> and the artefact catalogue (grammar v0.2: domain, sector, region and environment segments)<\/li><li><code>NS-3<\/code> Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)<\/li><li><code>NS-3b<\/code> Dataset and product metadata profile (STAC, DCAT, PROV-O)<\/li><li><code>NS-5<\/code> Figure, map and visualisation standard (with the UI\/UX kit)<\/li><li><code>NS-9<\/code> Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)<\/li><li><code>NS-11<\/code> Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)<\/li><li><code>NRS-N5<\/code> Biodiversity and nature risk and resilience<\/li><li><code>NRS-H65<\/code> Hazard family: Planetary boundary transgressions (NHS-1 planet.boundary)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H27<\/code> Hazard family: Biodiversity and species stress (NHS-1 eco.species)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H26<\/code> Hazard family: Land and wetland degradation (NHS-1 eco.land)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H28<\/code> Hazard family: Climate-state shifts (NHS-1 eco.climate-state)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H64<\/code> Hazard family: Ecosystem regime shifts (NHS-1 eco.regime-shift)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>GBIF occurrence API and downloads (listed for reference)<\/li><li>World Database on Protected and Conserved Areas (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Global Forest Watch tree cover loss (Hansen\/UMD) and alerts (listed for reference)<\/li><li>ESA WorldCover 10 m land cover (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Red List Index<\/li><li>Forest area as a proportion of total land area<\/li><li>Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity covered by protected areas<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Example geography<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Pacific Island states: 150 hexagonal cells<\/li><li>Vegetation disturbance alerts, 30 m (OPERA DIST-ALERT), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface soil moisture (SMAP), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-label=\"Indicators, Risk and response, Sources, Methods and evidence\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Indicators, Risk and response, Sources, Methods and evidence\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-indicators\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Indicators<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-nexus\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Risk and response<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-sources\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Sources<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-audience\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Methods and evidence<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-indicators\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What is measured, and how well.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each indicator carries its unit, its cadence, the kind of source behind it and the evidence label a value would carry. No values are shown: a programme supplies them under its own authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"register\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Fish stocks within biologically sustainable levels<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of assessed stocks<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">biennial<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Stock assessments compiled under SDG indicator 14.4.1<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Live hard coral cover<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of reef area surveyed<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Reef surveys and photo transects<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Mangrove extent<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">hectares<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">periodic<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Satellite radar and optical classification<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h12\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.ocean-state.marine-heatwave\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Ocean-state extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of unusually warm sea water that stresses reefs, fish and kelp and fuels storms and rain.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H12\" data-tr=\"draft\">Marine heatwave<\/a> days<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">days per year above the seasonal threshold<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">daily, summarised annually<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Satellite sea surface temperature<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Ocean surface pH<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">pH units<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Moorings, ship surveys and models<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Marine protected area coverage<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of national waters<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">World Database on Protected Areas<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">DECLARED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Apparent fishing effort<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">hours of fishing per grid cell<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">daily<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Vessel tracking from automatic identification <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Coastal <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h13\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.quality.eutrophication\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water-quality degradation\" data-td=\"Excess nutrients in water driving algal growth, oxygen loss and fish kills.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H13\" data-tr=\"draft\">eutrophication<\/a><\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">chlorophyll-a anomaly index<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Satellite ocean colour<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"indicators\" data-nxf-kind=\"indicator\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/topics\/coastal-marine-biodiversity\/#indicators\" data-nxf-title=\"Indicators\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nexus\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"stack\" data-nx-duo=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-sec-nexus-h\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Risk and response<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-sec-nexus-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Coupled risk, applied response.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede nx-nduo-lede\" data-lede=\"The sectors {s} touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.\">The sectors coastal <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.storm-surge\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Sea level pushed above the tide by storm wind and low pressure, flooding the coast.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">storm surge<\/a> touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-nduo\" data-active=\"sig\" data-compose=\"pair\"><div class=\"nx-nduo-seg\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Show\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-nduo=\"sig\" aria-pressed=\"true\">A \u00b7 Risk<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-nduo=\"phex\" aria-pressed=\"false\">B \u00b7 Response<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-ctx\"><p class=\"nx-nduo-ctxk\">Choose a context<\/p><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Signatures in context\" hidden><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-pair\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig nx-nduo-fig\" data-nx-sig=\"WEIHB\" data-sig-ctx=\"storm-surge\" data-sig-name=\"Coastal storm surge\" data-sig-line=\"Mangroves and dunes absorb the surge; where they are gone, ports, substations and water intakes take it.\" data-sig-inst=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\" data-nduo-pane=\"sig\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span><b class=\"nx-nduo-ab\">A<\/b>Coupled risk across six sectors<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">10 \/ 15 relations<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sector signature hexagon: Water, Energy, Infrastructure, Health and Biodiversity selected, 10 of 15 relations in play, coupling 0.64. Teaching values.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-phex-apply nx-nsig-load\"><p class=\"nx-phex-aphd\"><span>Sectors \u00b7 <b class=\"nx-phex-apn\">Coastal storm surge<\/b><\/span><span>Stress<\/span><\/p><ol class=\"nx-phex-aps\"><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"0\" data-key=\"W\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">W<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Water<\/b> depends on infrastructure for pipes, dams and treatment works<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"4\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.36<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"1\" data-key=\"E\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">E<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Energy<\/b> depends on water for cooling water and hydropower<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"3\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.28<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"2\" data-key=\"I\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">I<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Infrastructure<\/b> first hit, then depends on energy for power for transport and telecoms<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.79<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap\" data-k=\"3\" data-key=\"F\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">F<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Food<\/b> outside this context<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">\u2013<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"4\" data-key=\"H\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">H<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Health<\/b> depends on water for drinking water and sanitation<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"4\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.37<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"5\" data-key=\"B\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">B<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Biodiversity<\/b> first hit, then depends on water for environmental flows<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.75<\/span><\/button><\/li><\/ol><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Illustrative: a teaching cascade over teaching values, not measurements.<\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"nx-nduo-bridge\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-nduo-bridge-l\">applied to<\/span><span class=\"nx-nduo-bridge-a\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><figure class=\"nx-nsig nx-phex nx-nduo-fig\" data-nx-phex=\"01234\" data-phex-ctx=\"whole\" data-phex=\"{&quot;S&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;L&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Experiments&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Turns open questions into designed experiments&quot;,&quot;Prototypes new methods, data pipelines and tools&quot;,&quot;Records failures and limits alongside results&quot;,&quot;Hands reproducible prototypes to the Foundry&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;F&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Builds&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Builds the cycle's software, data and environments&quot;,&quot;Simulates scenarios and runs benchmarks&quot;,&quot;Monitors hazards, systems and evidence&quot;,&quot;Develops and tracks the National Portfolio&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;U&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Convenes and tests&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/programmes\/nexus-universe\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/universe.nexus\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Sets the annual mandate and admits missions&quot;,&quot;Runs readiness, the controlled build and Action Week&quot;,&quot;Stands down temporary capacity and seals evidence&quot;,&quot;Reviews the year and renews the mandate&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;S&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Standards&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Nexus Standards&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Codify and correct&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Identifies every artefact with a UNI&quot;,&quot;Routes work to the standards that apply&quot;,&quot;Validates and monitors conformance evidence&quot;,&quot;Takes cycle findings as change proposals&quot;,&quot;Records national adoption&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;R&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Publishes&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-cycle\/publish\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes four editions a year, with Q4 as the annual flagship&quot;,&quot;Maintains country and regional profiles&quot;,&quot;Publishes exponential technology streams&quot;,&quot;Records corrections and method changes&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;academy&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;A&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Academy&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Risk Academy&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Teaches&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes a course for every system, standard and programme role&quot;,&quot;Assesses learning on real cycle tasks&quot;,&quot;Issues microcredentials and achievements through accountable issuers&quot;,&quot;Feeds qualified people into the next cycle&quot;]}],&quot;H&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F01&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision case&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F02&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Core Build Report and go or no-go evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F03&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F04&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F05&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;National Portfolio movement for chapter 11&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F06&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Method and correction findings as change proposals&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F07&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Docket items that need a standard or a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F08&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Composed mission profiles and national adoption records&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F09&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each adopted standard or profile becomes a course module&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F10&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F11&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Qualified participants for the next cycle's roles&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F12&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F13&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Validation and monitoring evidence for conformance review&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F14&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a learning-by-doing course&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R1&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Applied in editions&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R2&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Taught in the open&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R3&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:0,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Questions become experiments&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R4&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:0,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Tested prototypes are built&quot;}],&quot;PH&quot;:[[&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;Planning&quot;],[&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;Readiness preparation&quot;],[&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;Controlled build&quot;],[&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;Closeout&quot;],[&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;After-action review&quot;],[&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;Correction&quot;],[&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;Docket review&quot;],[&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;Renewal&quot;]],&quot;L&quot;:[[1,3],[1,2],[2,5],[2,4],[1,5,2],[1,4,3],[1,4,2],[1,2,3],[2,3,5],[1,5,2,3],[1,4,2,3],[1,3,5,2],[1,2,4,3],[2,4,3,5],[1,5,2,4,3],[1,4,3,5,2],[0,1,2,3,4,5]],&quot;CTX&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;whole&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;The whole programme&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3,4,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year's feedback loops.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;practice&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;From prototype to practice&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;A Labs prototype is built in the Foundry, tested in a Universe mission and codified as a standard.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;build-test&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Build and test&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;The Foundry builds what a mission needs; Universe returns the go or no-go evidence.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;conformance&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Conformance&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Validation evidence goes to Standards for review; composed profiles come back for the next build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;correction&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;A finding becomes a correction&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,4,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Observations are published, a method finding becomes a change proposal, the corrected profile returns to the build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mandate&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Setting the next mandate&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,4],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;After-action findings go into the editions; the Q4 synthesis informs next year's mandate.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;people&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;People for the next cycle&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence; qualified participants take roles in the next cycle.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;learning&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Learning by doing&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a course; learners join missions, and missions return to the Foundry.&quot;}],&quot;AP&quot;:{&quot;urban-flood&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;warn30&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;30%&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;less damage with 24 hours' warning of a storm or heatwave&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;With 24 hours' warning of a coming storm or heatwave&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Flood-depth nowcast from rain gauges and terrain&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Warning lead time&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;30%&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;City twin links substations, pumps and clinics to flood depth&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Lifelines modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Exercise: keep water and power running through a 1-in-100 flood&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours to restore&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared asset records so utilities exchange outage data&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Agencies sharing records&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;City flood profile of exposed lifelines&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Assets profiled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;I&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for utility and emergency operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Urban flood&quot;},&quot;hydropower&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Inflow forecasts and sediment models for the reservoir&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Forecast skill&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Basin twin trades power, flood storage and river flows&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Release options tested&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Release-rule exercise with operators and downstream users&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Users at the table&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WE&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Common records for releases, flows and fish passage&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Flow records shared&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Basin profile: storage, output and river health&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Basin indicators&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course on multi-purpose reservoir operation&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WE&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Hydropower reservoir&quot;},&quot;drought&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[null,{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;adapt71&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;net benefits&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;From $1.8T invested in five adaptation areas from 2020 to 2030, water management among them&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;},null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;adapt71&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;net benefits&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;From $1.8T invested in five adaptation areas from 2020 to 2030, water management among them&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Drought index from rainfall, soil moisture and river flow&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Lead time to trigger&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WF&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Allocation model for irrigation, cooling and drinking water&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Demand met in drought&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Early-action exercise with water and agriculture ministries&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Days from trigger to action&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WF&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Trigger thresholds and records agencies can share&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Triggers adopted&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WF&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Seasonal drought outlook and food-price signals&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Outlooks issued&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for basin and food-security officers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Officers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WFB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Drought&quot;},&quot;heatwave&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[null,null,{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;heat&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;deaths avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Estimated after Ahmedabad's heat action plan, the first in South Asia&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Hess et al., J. Environ. Public Health, 2018&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7973519&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;heat&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;deaths avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Estimated after Ahmedabad's heat action plan, the first in South Asia&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Hess et al., J. Environ. Public Health, 2018&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7973519&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Heat-health thresholds from temperature and admissions&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Threshold accuracy&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;H&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Grid peak and river temperature model for the heat season&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Peak hours foreseen&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WE&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Heat action plan exercise with health and grid operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Alert-to-action hours&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared heat-alert levels and response records&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Agencies on one scale&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Heat season review of health and power outcomes&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Excess deaths tracked&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;H&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for health and utility planners&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Planners qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EHF&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Heatwave&quot;},&quot;blackout&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Cascade model of what fails when the grid does&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Dependencies mapped&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Twin of backup fuel, water treatment and cold chains&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours of autonomy&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Black-start exercise across utilities and hospitals&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours to restore&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Interdependency records shared by operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators sharing&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Lifeline resilience profile&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Outage hours a year&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course on interdependent infrastructure&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Grid blackout&quot;},&quot;pandemic&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;ghrf&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$60B+&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;expected losses a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Expected annual cost of pandemics, against about $4.5B a year to prepare&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/21891&quot;},null,null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;ghrf&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$60B+&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;expected losses a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Expected annual cost of pandemics, against about $4.5B a year to prepare&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/21891&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Workforce-absence scenarios for essential services&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Scenarios tested&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Continuity board for clinics, grid and logistics&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Services monitored&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Continuity exercise across health, energy and food&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Services kept running&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$60B+&quot;},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared surveillance and continuity records&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Days to share data&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;H&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;After-action findings on essential services&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Findings acted on&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for continuity managers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Managers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Pandemic&quot;},&quot;pollinator&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;pollin&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$235\u2013577B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;crop output at risk a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Annual global crop output that depends on animal pollination&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;IPBES, Assessment report on pollinators, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.ipbes.net\/assessment-reports\/pollinators&quot;},null,null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;pollin&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$235\u2013577B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;crop output at risk a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Annual global crop output that depends on animal pollination&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;IPBES, Assessment report on pollinators, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.ipbes.net\/assessment-reports\/pollinators&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Maps of pollinators and the yields that depend on them&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Area mapped&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$235\u2013577B&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Yield and diet-quality model by crop&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Crops modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Landscape mission with farmers and conservation agencies&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hectares in the mission&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Common biodiversity monitoring records&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Sites reporting&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;B&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Nature and nutrition profile&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Indicators tracked&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FHB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course on nature-dependent farming&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Advisers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Pollinator decline&quot;},&quot;storm-surge&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;mangrove&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$80B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;flood losses avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Coastal flood losses that mangroves already prevent worldwide&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Surge model with mangrove and dune buffers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Coast modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$80B&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Coastal twin of ports, substations and water intakes&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Assets in the twin&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Evacuation and port-recovery exercise&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Days to reopen port&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared records for coastal assets and defences&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Defences recorded&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Coastal risk profile, built and natural defences&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Coast profiled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for port and coastal managers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Managers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Coastal storm surge&quot;}}}\" data-phex-applied=\"storm-surge\" data-nduo-pane=\"phex\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span><b class=\"nx-nduo-ab\">B<\/b>Applied response across six pillars<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">12 \/ 18 handoffs<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"The six pillars of the Consortium's programme: 12 of 18 handoffs in play, 8 feedback loops closed.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-phex-apply\"><p class=\"nx-phex-aphd\"><span>Pillars \u00b7 <b class=\"nx-phex-apn\">Coastal storm surge<\/b><\/span><span>KPI<\/span><\/p><ol class=\"nx-phex-aps\"><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"0\" data-sec=\"IB\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">L<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Labs<\/b> Surge model with mangrove and dune buffers<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Coast modelled <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><em class=\"nx-phex-bench\">$80B<\/em><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"1\" data-sec=\"WEI\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">F<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Foundry<\/b> Coastal twin of ports, substations and water intakes<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Assets in the twin <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"2\" data-sec=\"IH\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">U<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Universe<\/b> Evacuation and port-recovery exercise<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Days to reopen port <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"lower is better\">\u2193<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"3\" data-sec=\"IB\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">S<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Standards<\/b> Shared records for coastal assets and defences<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Defences recorded <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"4\" data-sec=\"IB\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">R<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Reports<\/b> Coastal risk profile, built and natural defences<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Coast profiled <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><em class=\"nx-phex-bench\">$390B<\/em><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap\" data-k=\"5\" data-sec=\"IH\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">A<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Academy<\/b> Course for port and coastal managers<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Managers qualified <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><\/ol><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Illustrative applications; the values are published benchmarks, cited in the readout.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><p class=\"nx-nduo-legend\"><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k1\"><\/i>In this context<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k2\"><\/i>Dependence or handoff, heavier is stronger<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k3\"><\/i>Outside this context<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-nduo-tlw\" data-phex-for=\"nx-sec-nexus-phex\"><div class=\"nx-phex-phase nx-nduo-tl\" data-phex-tl=\"true\" hidden><p class=\"nx-phex-phh\"><span class=\"nx-phex-phk\">Programme year<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-pn\">All phases<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-phex-steps\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Phases of the programme year\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"play\">Play the year<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"allph\">All phases<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-read\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\" data-for=\"sig\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Context<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Coastal storm surge<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Mangroves and dunes absorb the surge; where they are gone, ports, substations and water intakes take it.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>W<\/span> \u00b7 <span>E<\/span> \u00b7 <span>I<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>H<\/span> \u00b7 <span>B<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Risk<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Sectors<\/dt><dd><strong>5<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Relations<\/dt><dd><strong>10<\/strong> <small>of 15<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coupling<\/dt><dd><strong>0.64<\/strong> <small>share of total<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><p class=\"nx-nduo-live\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-hint\">Hover a corner, a line or a row to trace it across both sides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"all\">Select all<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-sig-act=\"copy\">Copy brief<\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\" data-for=\"phex\"><div class=\"nx-phex-rhead\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Route<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Applied to coastal storm surge<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\"><\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code nx-phex-rhead\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>L<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>U<\/span> \u00b7 <span>S<\/span> \u00b7 <span>R<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">A<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Response<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Pillars<\/dt><dd><strong>5<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Handoffs<\/dt><dd><strong>12<\/strong> <small>of 18<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Loops<\/dt><dd><strong>8<\/strong> <small>closed<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Expected value<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nduo-vals\"><div><dt>What is at stake<\/dt><dd><strong>$390B<\/strong><span>a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries<\/span><small><a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">World Bank, Lifelines, 2019<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Return on resilience<\/dt><dd><strong>4 : 1<\/strong><span>benefit to cost<\/span><small><a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">World Bank, Lifelines, 2019<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Avoided loss<\/dt><dd><strong>$80B<\/strong><span>flood losses avoided a year<\/span><small><a href=\"https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-hint\">Hover a pillar, a line or a row to read how it is applied.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" data-phex-acts=\"true\" data-phex-acts-off=\"true\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"all\">Whole ring<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-phex-act=\"copy\">Copy route<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-note\">A: a teaching cascade (shock 0.6, gain 0.35, four rounds) over teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements. B: illustrative applications and the KPI each pillar answers for; values are published benchmarks, cited, not forecasts. Open events: NASA EONET, live.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where the evidence comes from.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Named public datasets and institutional records, each with its licence class. Sources by agreement are used only under their terms and never republished.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it gives<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Marine species occurrence and abundance records<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">CC0, CC BY or CC BY-NC per dataset<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">FAO FishStat and the State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Capture, aquaculture and stock status statistics<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">RAM Legacy Stock Assessment Database<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Compiled biomass and fishing mortality series from stock assessments<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Global Mangrove Watch<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Mangrove extent and change from satellite radar and optical data<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Allen Coral Atlas<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Shallow reef habitat maps and bleaching monitoring<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Global Fishing Watch<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Apparent fishing effort and vessel presence from vessel tracking<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free for non-commercial use, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Copernicus Marine Service<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Ocean temperature, currents, biogeochemistry and ocean colour<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Compiled reef survey data on coral and fish condition<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Terms per data contributor<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/topics\/coastal-marine-biodiversity\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Sources\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and evidence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How coastal and marine biodiversity is modelled, measured and tested.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"science\" data-au-n=\"1\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"eo-chain\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Earth observation chain<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">How a satellite or sensor record becomes evidence on coastal and marine biodiversity, and where each step adds uncertainty.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-au-chain\"><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">01 \u00b7 Acquire<\/span><span>orbit, sensor and revisit<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: gaps from cloud and orbit<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">02 \u00b7 Calibrate<\/span><span>radiometric and geometric<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: sensor drift<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">03 \u00b7 Correct<\/span><span>atmosphere and terrain<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: aerosol and slope assumptions<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">04 \u00b7 Retrieve or classify<\/span><span>the variable or the class<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: model and training error<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">05 \u00b7 Validate<\/span><span>against ground truth<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: sample design and size<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">06 \u00b7 Publish<\/span><span>with error bars and lineage<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: stated, never hidden<\/span><\/li><\/ol><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Processing chain in the CEOS Analysis Ready Data sense; each step records its uncertainty before a figure is drawn. A generic structure, not results.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">FAIR guiding principles \u00b7 GO FAIR and FORCE11<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">W3C PROV \u00b7 World Wide Web Consortium<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Guidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties \u00b7 IPCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">CEOS Analysis Ready Data \u00b7 Committee on Earth Observation Satellites<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-3\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-label=\"Decisions, Core questions, Mechanisms and drivers, Methods and data\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Decisions, Core questions, Mechanisms and drivers, Methods and data\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-decisions\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Decisions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Core questions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-mechanisms-and-drivers\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Mechanisms and drivers<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Methods and data<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-decisions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Decisions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who decides, and what the evidence serves.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Biodiversity Nexus prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Who decides<\/th><th scope=\"col\">The question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence this page serves<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Fisheries ministries and regional fisheries management organisations<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">What catch limits, closures and gear rules keep stocks within sustainable levels<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Stock status and trend with assessment uncertainty; fishing effort maps<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Marine protected-area and coastal zone authorities<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Where to protect, how to manage, and whether protection is effective<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Habitat maps, coverage and connectivity, condition inside and outside protection<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Coastal planners and port authorities<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Whether development removes mangroves, marshes or seagrass that protect the coast<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Habitat extent and change, shoreline protection function, sea-level scenarios<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Insurers and development finance institutions<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Where reef and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h26\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.land.mangrove-loss\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Land and wetland degradation\" data-td=\"Clearing or dieback of coastal mangroves, which removes shoreline protection, nursery habitat and carbon stores.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H26\" data-tr=\"draft\">mangrove loss<\/a> raises <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.coastal-flood\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Seawater overtopping or breaching the shoreline and flooding land, from surge, waves, high tides or a raised sea level.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">coastal flood<\/a> losses, and what protection is worth financing<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Habitat condition linked to exposure and flood models, each with its label<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-4\">Outputs this topic produces<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Coastal habitat maps with change and confidence<\/li><li>Stock status evidence notes with assessment coverage stated<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h12\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.ocean-state.marine-heatwave\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Ocean-state extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of unusually warm sea water that stresses reefs, fish and kelp and fuels storms and rain.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H12\" data-tr=\"draft\">Marine heatwave<\/a> and bleaching exposure layers<\/li><li>Coastal integrity profiles linking habitats to shoreline protection<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Core questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What experts ask.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Marine ecologists and fisheries scientists ask a recurring set of questions.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>What is the status of fish stocks, and how does fishing pressure compare with what they can sustain?<\/li><li>How are warming, marine heatwaves and acidification affecting reefs and other habitat-forming species?<\/li><li>How much shoreline protection do reefs, mangroves, seagrass and marshes provide, and how is it changing?<\/li><li>Where do land-based pollution and coastal development degrade nearshore habitats?<\/li><li>How are species distributions shifting, and what does that mean for fisheries and their management?<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-mechanisms-and-drivers\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanisms and drivers<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Pressure from the land, the fleet and the climate.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Marine ecosystems face three broad sets of pressure. Fishing removes biomass and can alter food webs when predators or grazers are depleted, and destructive gear damages seabed habitat. Coastal development and land-based runoff remove mangroves and marshes and deliver sediment and nutrients that smother reefs and seagrass. <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate change<\/a> warms and acidifies the ocean, causing <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.coral-bleaching\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Corals expelling their algal partners under heat stress, turning white and often dying, with loss of reef fisheries and shore protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\">coral bleaching<\/a>, shifting species towards the poles and deeper water, and changing the timing of productivity.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Habitat-forming species such as corals, mangroves, kelp and seagrass create the structure that many other species need, and they also dissipate wave energy and trap sediment. Their loss therefore reduces both biodiversity and coastal protection at once, raising erosion and flood exposure for the communities behind them.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">15<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How the evidence is built, and where it stops.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ol class=\"nx-rows\"><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">01<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Stock assessment<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Catch data, surveys and population models estimate stock status. Many stocks, particularly in small-scale fisheries, are data-poor.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">02<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Habitat mapping<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Satellite, aerial and acoustic surveys map shallow habitats, through <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/ocean-science\/\">ocean and coastal science<\/a> and Earth observation. Deeper and turbid waters are hard to observe.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">03<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Ocean observation<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Buoys, floats and satellites track temperature, chlorophyll and heatwaves. Biological observation at sea remains sparse.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">04<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Coastal protection modelling<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Models estimate wave reduction by habitats. Results are sensitive to habitat condition and storm characteristics.<\/p><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-4\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-label=\"Methods, Sources, Questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Methods, Sources, Questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-methods\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Methods<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Sources<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-17-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-methods\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-15\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">16<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How it is studied, and what the methods cannot say.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-methods\" data-limits=\"true\"><ol class=\"nx-mledger\" aria-label=\"Methods\"><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/ocean-science\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Ocean and coastal science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Fish stock assessment \u00b7 Marine heatwave and bleaching exposure<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/ocean-science\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Ocean and coastal science\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/ecology\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Ecology and biodiversity science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Species distribution modelling \u00b7 Population trend and viability analysis<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/ecology\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Ecology and biodiversity science\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/earth-observation\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Earth observation and remote sensing<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Forest loss and disturbance alerts \u00b7 Wetland and mangrove dynamics<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/earth-observation\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Earth observation and remote sensing\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/spatial-statistics\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Spatial statistics and geostatistics<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Bias-corrected distribution surfaces \u00b7 Hotspots of change and threat<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/spatial-statistics\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Spatial statistics and geostatistics\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/complex-systems\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Complex systems and agent-based modelling<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Early warning of regime shifts \u00b7 Food-web and co-extinction networks<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/complex-systems\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Complex systems and agent-based modelling\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/geospatial\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Geospatial information systems<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Overlap with sensitive biodiversity \u00b7 Connectivity and corridor analysis<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/geospatial\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Geospatial information systems\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-limits\" aria-label=\"What the methods cannot say\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the methods cannot say<\/span><p class=\"nx-limits-text\">Most of the ocean is unobserved below the surface, and many fish stocks, particularly in small-scale and tropical fisheries, have never been formally assessed. Vessel tracking misses vessels that switch off transponders or do not carry them. Satellite habitat maps are reliable in shallow clear water and weaker in turbid or deep water. Biodiversity Nexus does not set catch limits or designate protected areas; fisheries and marine authorities do.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-16\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">17<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Where this page&#8217;s references<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-16\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page&#8217;s references lead.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/gcrmn.net\/\"><span>Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2020 (Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network, ICRI, 2021)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/bbnj\/\"><span>Agreement under UNCLOS on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ, adopted 2023)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/obis.org\/\"><span>Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS, under UNESCO IOC)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-17-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-17\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">18<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-17\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>Is a declared marine protected area the same as an effective one?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. Declaration records legal intent; effectiveness depends on management, enforcement, fishing rules and funding. Coverage is labelled as declared, and effectiveness needs separate evidence.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why are many fish stocks unassessed?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Formal stock assessment needs catch, effort and survey data over many years, which many small-scale and tropical fisheries lack. Data-limited methods give indications with wider uncertainty, labelled as such.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can coral reefs recover from bleaching?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Often, if heat stress is brief and other pressures such as runoff and overfishing are low. Repeated bleaching with short intervals between events leaves too little time for corals to recover.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why connect fish stocks and coastal protection in one topic?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Because the same habitats, such as reefs, mangroves and seagrass, serve as nurseries for fish and as natural coastal defences. Their decline affects both at once.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can marine habitats recover?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Many can, given reduced pressure and time, but recovery rates vary widely and some systems may not return to their former state under continued warming.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Are small-scale fisheries covered?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Yes. They employ many people and often lack formal assessment, so data-poor methods and community knowledge are part of the topic.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Sector Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Observatory Signal<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/coastal-marine-biodiversity#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. 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