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aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> \u00b7 Biodiversity Nexus<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Ecosystem integrity<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Ecosystem integrity is the degree to which an ecosystem&#8217;s composition, structure and function remain within the range of its natural variation. Integrity erodes gradually through degradation, then can collapse when a threshold is crossed: a reef that shifts to algae, a forest edge that becomes savanna, a clear lake that turns turbid. This page sets out how condition is measured against a reference, how thresholds are recognised, and what the evidence can and cannot tell the authorities that manage land and sea.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/\">Back to Topics<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contents<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Ecosystem integrity in seven parts.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"editorial\"><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\" data-variant=\"contents\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>In this dossier<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">7 parts<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-question\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">The question<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Ecosystem integrity: how the risk develops<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-pg-couplings\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Couplings<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Ecosystem integrity underpins water, food and health services<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-pg-reports-standards\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Integrity evidence and contributions<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-indicators\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Indicators<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">What is measured, and how well<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-sources\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Where the evidence comes from<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-decisions\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Decisions<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Who decides, and what the evidence serves<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-core-questions\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Core questions<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">What experts ask<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-question\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The question<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Ecosystem integrity: how the risk develops.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Habitat condition and ecological thresholds. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"2\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 22h14\"\/><path d=\"M5 2h14\"\/><path d=\"M17 22v-4.172a2 2 0 0 0-.586-1.414L12 12l-4.414 4.414A2 2 0 0 0 7 17.828V22\"\/><path d=\"M7 2v4.172a2 2 0 0 0 .586 1.414L12 12l4.414-4.414A2 2 0 0 0 17 6.172V2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Degradation accumulates quietly<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Logging, grazing, pollution, invasive species and altered fire or flow regimes each remove a little structure or function. Condition declines long before extent does, so an ecosystem can look intact on a land-cover map while losing its species and processes.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 12h-2.48a2 2 0 0 0-1.93 1.46l-2.35 8.36a.25.25 0 0 1-.48 0L9.24 2.18a.25.25 0 0 0-.48 0l-2.35 8.36A2 2 0 0 1 4.49 12H2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Thresholds and regime shifts<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Reinforcing feedbacks hold an ecosystem in one state until a driver pushes it past a threshold. Shallow lakes, kelp forests, coral reefs and rainforest margins can flip to a degraded state that persists even after the pressure eases.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"4.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m10.2 6.3-3.9 3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"4.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"M7 12h10\"\/><circle cx=\"19.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m13.8 17.7 3.9-3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"19.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Pressures compound<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Warming, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h13\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.quality.eutrophication\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water-quality degradation\" data-td=\"Excess nutrients in water driving algal growth, oxygen loss and fish kills.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H13\" data-tr=\"draft\">nutrient enrichment<\/a>, fragmentation and harvesting interact. A reef weakened by runoff recovers more slowly from a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h12\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.ocean-state.marine-heatwave\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Ocean-state extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of unusually warm sea water that stresses reefs, fish and kelp and fuels storms and rain.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H12\" data-tr=\"draft\">marine heatwave<\/a>; a fragmented forest dries and burns more readily. Combined effects are often larger than the sum of their parts.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect x=\"16\" y=\"16\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" rx=\"1\"\/><rect x=\"2\" y=\"16\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" rx=\"1\"\/><rect x=\"9\" y=\"2\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" rx=\"1\"\/><path d=\"M5 16v-3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h12a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v3\"\/><path d=\"M12 12V8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Loss propagates to people<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Lost integrity reduces the services ecosystems supply: water regulation, soil stability, fisheries, pollination and carbon storage. Those reductions reach water utilities, farms, insurers and lenders through supply chains, asset values and public budgets.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Habitat condition in the Amazon Basin.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Vegetation, land cover and plant growth over the Amazon Basin, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"amazon:biodiversity\" data-ml-points=\"on\" data-ml-feeds=\"eonet|https:\/\/eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/v3\/events\" data-ml-src=\"biodiversity\" data-ml-plan=\"p-4d98d25b\" data-ml-relief=\"1.2\" data-ml-view=\"3d\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:biodiversity\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.biodiversity.evi gibs.food.cover gibs.food.gpp gibs.water.true gibs.energy.fires gibs.health.people ev.eonet r.dist r.hls r.dswxs1 r.labels r.pace\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect measure compare aoi export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-biodiversity\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-biodiversity\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"-80,-18,-48,6\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"Habitat condition, the Amazon Basin: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"evi||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Vegetation<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"cover||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Land cover<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"gpp||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Plant growth<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"true||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">True colour<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">3<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">Habitat condition, for this page<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"evi\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Vegetation (EVI)\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite index; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Enhanced vegetation index, rolling 8 days<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE MODIS Terra EVI \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"evi\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"EVI\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"evi\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.biodiversity.evi\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra EVI (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite index; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-13<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite vegetation index for the 8 days to the date shown, a habitat condition indicator; not a measure of species or biodiversity.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"cover\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.7\" data-wm-short=\"Land cover\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land cover type (IGBP), yearly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"class\">Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"cover\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.cover\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2024-01-01<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"gpp\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Plant growth (GPP)\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite-driven model; latest 8-day period GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Gross primary production, 8-day total<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Aqua GPP (MYD17) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"gpp\">30 Sep 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"kgC\/m\u00b2\">Modelled (latest 8-day period GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"gpp\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.gpp\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest 8-day period GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Aqua GPP (MYD17) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>8-day; Satellite-driven model; latest 8-day period GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-09-30<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Model estimate of carbon taken up by plants over the 8-day period shown; an indicator of growth, not harvest or production.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"4\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.6\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite image\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">True colour<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"true\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.true\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite image<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"fires\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"24\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"1\" data-wm-breaks=\"10,50,200\" data-wm-short=\"Fires and flares\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE FIRMS\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite detection; clouds and overpass timing leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Active fires and thermal anomalies<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE FIRMS VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"fires\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"MW\">Observed (clouds and overpass timing leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"fires\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.energy.fires\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds and overpass timing leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS) (NASA LANCE FIRMS)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE FIRMS<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite detection; clouds and overpass timing leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-13<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite hot-spot detections for the day shown, including gas flares and industrial heat; not a confirmed fire, an incident report or a warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"people\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"25\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Population density\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)\" data-wm-kind=\"Census-based estimate, static (2020)\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Population density, 2020<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University) Gridded Population of the World v4.11 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"estimated\" data-wm-lic=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-wm-unit=\"people\/km\u00b2\">Estimated<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"people\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.people\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Estimated<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University))<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>null; Census-based estimate, static (2020)<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Census-based estimate of people per square kilometre in 2020, shown as exposure context; not a count of people affected by any hazard.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" aria-label=\"Map controls\"><button 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data-wm-tool=\"compare\">Compare two dates<kbd>C<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"share\">Copy a link to this view<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"png\">Export as PNG with credits<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"xt\" data-wm-xt=\"NxAjSJ6JoGGZsXu22d+kvA4nR9AJ6Njy+\/Xy2FIyELw=\">More expert tools<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\">Keyboard shortcuts<kbd>?<\/kbd><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-keys\" role=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Keyboard shortcuts\" hidden><p class=\"nx-wm-keys-title\">Keyboard, with the map focused<\/p><dl class=\"nx-wm-keys-list\"><\/dl><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-keys-close\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\" aria-label=\"Close the shortcuts\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-hint\" hidden>Hold Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll to zoom<\/p><p class=\"nx-wm-toolbar\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-tip\" role=\"tooltip\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin\" hidden><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-pin-title\"><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"unpin\" aria-label=\"Close the card\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-chart\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-body\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-dock\"><div class=\"nx-wm-time\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Imagery date\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"prev\" aria-label=\"One day earlier\">\u2039<\/button><p class=\"nx-wm-time-label\">Latest available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Habitat condition, framed on the Amazon Basin.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET \u00b7 NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.water-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.modis-viirs.land\">MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.firms\">NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), VIIRS 375 m active fire product, NASA LANCE; vector tiles via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"sedac.gpw-v4\">Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7927\/H49C6VHW\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.7927\/H49C6VHW<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li><\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>Optional layers (6 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Enhanced vegetation index, rolling 8 days: MODIS Terra EVI, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"evi\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/li><li>Gross primary production, 8-day total: MODIS Aqua GPP (MYD17), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"gpp\">30 Sep 2026<\/span><\/li><li>True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Active fires and thermal anomalies: VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS), NASA LANCE FIRMS \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"fires\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/topics\/ecosystem-integrity\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Biodiversity Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-couplings\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Couplings<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Ecosystem integrity underpins water, food and health services.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th>Domain<\/th><th>How it couples here<\/th><th>What to watch<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Water<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Forests, wetlands and soils regulate flow and quality. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/topics\/catchment-hydrology\/\">catchment hydrology<\/a>.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Condition of headwater ecosystems<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Food<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Pollination, pest control and soil fertility. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/soil-and-land\/\">soil and land<\/a>.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Natural habitat near cropland<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Health<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Intact ecosystems regulate disease; degradation can raise spillover risk. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/one-health\/\">One Health<\/a>.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Land-use change at disease hotspots<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Energy<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Energy infrastructure and mining fragment ecosystems.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Footprint of energy and mining sites<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-p\">Integrity is described by extent, condition and function. The IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology (Keith and others, 2022) gives a common classification; the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems assesses risk of collapse; the UN SEEA Ecosystem Accounting, adopted in 2021, records extent and condition in accounts. Goal A of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (2022) targets the integrity of ecosystems.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-5-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Monitor<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">LEAP workspace.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The screen a team would use to follow this subject: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-biodiversity-leap\" data-cx=\"biodiversity.leap\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"LEAP workspace: illustrative console with example names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">LEAP workspace<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">Ecosystem integrity \u00b7 Landscape A \u00b7 Assessment cycle 1<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure&#8217;s values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"info\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Evaluate phase<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GCRI \u00b7 Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"steps\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">LEAP approach<\/h4><\/div><\/div><ol class=\"nx-cx-steps\" data-n=\"4\"><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Locate<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">interface with nature<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"now\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Evaluate<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">dependencies \u00b7 impacts<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"todo\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Assess<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">risks \u00b7 opportunities<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"todo\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Prepare<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">respond \u00b7 report<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"matrix\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Dependencies and impacts<\/h4><p class=\"nx-fk-panel-sub\">materiality, 0 low to 100 high<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-chart\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 422 166\" width=\"422\" height=\"166\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-label=\"Dependencies and impacts\" data-fk-chart=\"cx-biodiversity-leap-heat\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-fk-note\">Scores are examples for an assessment the owner completes.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"map\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Sensitive locations<\/h4><p class=\"nx-fk-panel-sub\">sites near high-integrity areas<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-map\"><svg class=\"nx-cx-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 480 250\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sensitive locations: schematic on example geography. Illustrative.\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"cx-sea\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\" rx=\"4\"\/><path class=\"cx-land\" d=\"M440.4 125l-10.5 33.6-34.4 29.8-33.8 39-85.9-3.6-68.4-8.8-74.3 0-44.2-28.4-57.8-24.6-21.6-37 55.8-30.9 21.4-31.6 44-29.5 71.6-12 76.1-2 63.9 19.9 63.4 18.5 11.6 36.2z\"\/><path class=\"cx-haz2\" d=\"M393.6 112.5l-17.8 26.1-16 33.7-51.7-6.9-40.8-5.8-27-21-31.4-26.1 19.7-30.6 36-19.6 43.5-8.3 42.2 9.7 20.1 24.8z\"\/><circle class=\"cx-site-hot\" cx=\"397.7\" cy=\"93.3\" r=\"3.4\"\/><circle class=\"cx-site-hot\" cx=\"134.9\" cy=\"179.9\" r=\"7.5\"\/><circle class=\"cx-site-hot\" cx=\"306.4\" cy=\"80.2\" r=\"6.6\"\/><circle class=\"cx-site-hot\" cx=\"118.8\" cy=\"52.4\" r=\"7.4\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"195.6\" cy=\"40.5\" r=\"5.4\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"204.2\" cy=\"133.8\" r=\"5.0\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"113.7\" cy=\"70.3\" r=\"4.7\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"340.3\" cy=\"160.9\" r=\"5.7\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"165.3\" cy=\"81.4\" r=\"4.6\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"260.9\" cy=\"83.1\" r=\"4.8\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"254.4\" cy=\"163.8\" r=\"3.3\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"342.5\" cy=\"81.4\" r=\"7.3\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"124.4\" cy=\"191.1\" r=\"6.1\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"251.8\" cy=\"202.3\" r=\"3.7\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"226.3\" cy=\"60.3\" r=\"6.3\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"400.9\" cy=\"150.7\" r=\"7.2\"\/><text class=\"cx-lbl-s\" x=\"464\" y=\"236\" text-anchor=\"end\">Circle: site footprint \u00b7 shaded: sensitive area<\/text><g class=\"cx-north\"><path d=\"M458 30 L463 18 L468 30 Z\"\/><text class=\"cx-lbl-s\" x=\"463\" y=\"42\" text-anchor=\"middle\">N<\/text><\/g><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Nature-related risk register<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-biodiversity-leap-t3\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-biodiversity-leap-t3\" aria-label=\"Nature-related risk register\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Risk<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Type<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">Driver<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">Likelihood<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c4\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c4\">Response<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-leap:r3-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Water scarcity at site 3<\/td><td>Physical, acute<\/td><td>Abstraction and drought<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"not\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>High<\/span><\/td><td>Water stewardship plan<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-leap:r3-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Habitat conversion in supply chain<\/td><td>Transition, market<\/td><td>Land use change<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Medium<\/span><\/td><td>Supplier screening<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-leap:r3-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Community objection<\/td><td>Systemic, social<\/td><td>Consent gaps<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Medium<\/span><\/td><td>Consent records review<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-leap:r3-3\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Pollinator decline<\/td><td>Physical, chronic<\/td><td>Pesticide use<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"info\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Low<\/span><\/td><td>Monitor<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>LEAP workspace: the screen&#8217;s structure, terms and states for Ecosystem integrity.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-standards\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"inset\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Integrity evidence and contributions.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Ecosystem condition analyses are designed for the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/series\/country-systems\/\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience series<\/a>. Condition datasets would carry NS-3b metadata under the proposed <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ecosystem\/standards\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a>. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) designates no protected area and assesses no project for approval. Useful contributions: field condition surveys, ecosystem maps with accuracy and local knowledge shared with consent.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-span=\"wide\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Model ecosystem integrity as a system. Run the cascade.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Assembled from the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> area profile <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/biodiversity-risk-standards\/\">Biodiversity and nature risk standards<\/a>: the hazards it names, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/system-builder\/\">System Builder<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-es-topics-ecosystem-integrity-G05\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\">Deforestation<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.biodiversity-loss\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Decline in the variety and abundance of species and habitats that weakens services such as pollination, fisheries and soil formation.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\">Biodiversity loss<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h21\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.surface.soil-erosion\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Erosion and sediment movement\" data-td=\"Loss of topsoil to water or wind, stripping fertility and filling reservoirs and channels downstream.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H21\" data-tr=\"draft\">Soil erosion<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Land-system change boundary transgression (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Amazon rainforest dieback (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Slope slide (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Flash flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Zoonotic spillover event (set off downstream)<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Wildfire<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Emerging arbovirus outbreak (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Malaria resurgence (set off downstream)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/biodiversity-risk-standards\/\">Biodiversity and nature risk standards<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/climate-risk-standards\/\">Climate risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Feedback<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/health-risk-standards\/\">Health risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/food-risk-standards\/\">Food and agriculture risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Dependency<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/environmental-degradation-hazard-standards\/\">Environmental degradation hazard standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Shared hazard records<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-0<\/code> Constitution and principles<\/li><li><code>NS-1<\/code> The <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> and the artefact catalogue (grammar v0.2: domain, sector, region and environment segments)<\/li><li><code>NS-3<\/code> Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)<\/li><li><code>NS-3b<\/code> Dataset and product metadata profile (STAC, DCAT, PROV-O)<\/li><li><code>NS-5<\/code> Figure, map and visualisation standard (with the UI\/UX kit)<\/li><li><code>NS-9<\/code> Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)<\/li><li><code>NS-11<\/code> Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)<\/li><li><code>NRS-N5<\/code> Biodiversity and nature risk and resilience<\/li><li><code>NRS-H65<\/code> Hazard family: Planetary boundary transgressions (NHS-1 planet.boundary)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H27<\/code> Hazard family: Biodiversity and species stress (NHS-1 eco.species)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H26<\/code> Hazard family: Land and wetland degradation (NHS-1 eco.land)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H28<\/code> Hazard family: Climate-state shifts (NHS-1 eco.climate-state)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H64<\/code> Hazard family: Ecosystem regime shifts (NHS-1 eco.regime-shift)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>GBIF occurrence API and downloads (listed for reference)<\/li><li>World Database on Protected and Conserved Areas (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Global Forest Watch tree cover loss (Hansen\/UMD) and alerts (listed for reference)<\/li><li>ESA WorldCover 10 m land cover (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Red List Index<\/li><li>Forest area as a proportion of total land area<\/li><li>Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity covered by protected areas<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Example geography<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Pacific Island states: 150 hexagonal cells<\/li><li>Vegetation disturbance alerts, 30 m (OPERA DIST-ALERT), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface soil moisture (SMAP), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-indicators\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What is measured, and how well.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each indicator carries its unit, its cadence, the kind of source behind it and the evidence label a value would carry. No values are shown: a programme supplies them under its own authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Ecosystem extent by type<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">square kilometres per Global Ecosystem Typology unit<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Satellite classification and national maps<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Biodiversity Intactness Index<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of reference-state abundance<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">periodic<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Statistical model on compiled field surveys<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Forest Landscape Integrity Index<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">dimensionless index<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">periodic<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Remote sensing of pressures and connectivity<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Red List of Ecosystems risk category<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">category from least concern to collapsed<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per assessment<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">IUCN Red List of Ecosystems assessments<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Ecosystem condition index<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">dimensionless, relative to reference condition<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per accounting period<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">SEEA Ecosystem Accounting condition accounts<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Human footprint<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">dimensionless pressure score<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">periodic<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Mapped settlement, roads, land use and night lights<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a> signals of transition<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">variance and autocorrelation of a state variable<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per time series<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Long-term monitoring series<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"indicators\" data-nxf-kind=\"indicator\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/topics\/ecosystem-integrity\/#indicators\" data-nxf-title=\"Indicators\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-signature\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sector signature<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The sector signature of ecosystem integrity.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The sectors ecosystem integrity touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig\" data-nx-sig=\"WFHB\" data-sig-name=\"Biodiversity and its partners\" data-sig-line=\"Biodiversity gives pollination and soils to food (0.6), watershed regulation to water (0.5) and zoonotic spillover and medicines to health (0.4).\" data-sig-inst=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-plate\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Signatures in context\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span>Select corners \u00b7 hover lines<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">6 \/ 15 relations<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sector signature hexagon: Water, Food, Health and Biodiversity selected, 6 of 15 relations in play, coupling 0.46. Teaching values.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"rZfLjqtGEIZfpdTS2bnafYE2SMaLSLktss6aGMZGw2UEfRI7L5Z9niyqAuyZsfGFjGZhoLv\/qv\/r6oJZZ\/lLt1m3aVak5c\/0k9ceiiwR9QHrrtjhTsD2kIhQfROwPQ4XbSJc+E1s1p1v3qB5eelynwglYFumXfdusRLLT5P05SRNk5Yfc9isl31qu8\/T26LedQLStkhxX2RZXifCt99zsVm\/NeVx19QXK3YwXmZptxfw1hS17xKhFugiCCMZL9AG\/YUNQC1cBDje4ThOWc6IoG0AWrsFuhX\/uhWoBT3E4Q6H0Zv6HySNUqBXVpoF6tMlXakFDeH5AZ6nkfy2aLdlfjd72nDVb7fizTah4exSv\/+82BfbVwFZIn4zoQFVagWqQq1lAMZJCwHIsMJIajChdGBlLKMKtZIrMIFcgZURaGkq1FZaMFYGYOUKtHQV6pBmaRlDJFcQVmgs6JXUYKUBI4MKdUzLWV3GYOSqQqOlA+3ohh7SImlAW74lcVOhCWQIWksNIUlXaCIZAiWgOUd64qSBsE+OkuQnK7AgIzLBt7E0MoSAryM00oECrfjWMgIchkPpCAGe1gZyxQzwrG5lwAzwnIKWMTPAIUvyjsbiyQc5ZwZ4cqsdE8ATD3LODPBMTZNOIEMcuFJYQoAn9CFpOl407I9lADhsoDQMAHl7DcUjBLz5bJwRkP+KUmQAVsYoo4ptMwBLK6Sp2DX7t0zEVWya7UfkvjK2904uyAFbZvNGxuS9Ys\/knRbKuGLDvXXWNRX7Zedsuxr8Mm8KXLHdsM+Jcqt6vygjSr1iu9KgDDGgmwh4w1GrigudbPdjVOeR1OM6qnKu95MuFbkeqq0PTTXO1d7nxkVuLIy5c4VzrY\/+qMCpUEb\/fX1brqaBEZU3F3rPkI9XX+Y9ZCpurvJxHyz0Jd7vExWLkzHQJnKD3l1pxtt902ad2KzLos4vBwVkqU\/xlfvIQfPPUSeCOpiAg0kE9ycBR5MIblLQ+bZ5zfGvIvN7elss72vr+9rPSZ\/aYVOfo5iJKKqPYC4jGLlyTwaxE0Hwthcjg+DJSMEDkVA\/a+qsH\/b6o5oe1f7Xxpzl3Q356R15SHp1Qxq\/IPXoQf3Z5yG+CPBVaLSalv4KNFo\/po9fcJ71xwP9+FFz6tlI9n6k60ctNs+GGo41ziIoIzV2+mufevRx2n\/qKeoXpYLxL1CqF+fvUR79m5Qu3hfdW9q+0vvi6ttkX\/jJsW1e+7y9\/t3f5lt\/Mf+tTH0u4EBebSDgmAgMAgEjXBcJ2OfFbu8TEUUC2gM1xeVm7fPDpVrNSoplnNi49ZKmTUz27yYbJzZtXqa+aOoOihreyvQ4rr7qtG6ynDBcHTjtepeXw7YXFGrq236fls2HD\/q+07dclZP\/Eby0E2ui6TVZ4ycWqSmqZfrHO1JoAiWA5mFa04dFIqoiy8pcbH5Pfd7eQu63H4TCaEoI\/v0HlL7L\/4xWP4B2OFfsWj+B9+q6RxBfXXgXs1FGup6Qpu73gVDn09aLzY913u6OD6B+Jxa7CS2GbZ6AbZ6DPZP1XNRzSGszAfrX+qVNO99+3\/rvbf4UcG2jCU0Gbu8Cv95E7ONNZEYPmdNCnu0gJpxqID81TfZw\/zDOTckw4GAm4OABwDizvHFufeOsAsdbFZ7Xmdj8kqel3z\/AHG8Vdi\/F1MOZ1MMnqeNc7DibO84Cf6WJM64fiiYr\/szbrvDH5\/hfdvJekPm79\/yXu81\/\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Signature<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Biodiversity and its partners<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Biodiversity gives pollination and soils to food (0.6), watershed regulation to water (0.5) and zoonotic spillover and medicines to health (0.4).<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>W<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">E<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">I<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>H<\/span> \u00b7 <span>B<\/span><\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Sectors<\/dt><dd><strong>4<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Relations<\/dt><dd><strong>6<\/strong> <small>of 15<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coupling<\/dt><dd><strong>0.46<\/strong> <small>share of total<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><h3 class=\"nx-nsig-dh\">Strongest relations in play<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-nsig-rel\"><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Food \u2192 Biodiversity<\/b> \u00b7 land conversion<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"6\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.6<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Food<\/b> \u00b7 irrigation<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.8<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Biodiversity<\/b> \u00b7 environmental flows<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"6\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.6<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Food \u2192 Health<\/b> \u00b7 nutrition<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"7\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.7<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"all\">Select all<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-sig-act=\"copy\">Copy signature<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements for any place. Coupling is the summed strength of the relations in play, as a share of all fifteen.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-label=\"Sources, Methods and evidence, Decisions, Core questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Sources, Methods and evidence, Decisions, Core questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-sources\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Sources<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-audience\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Methods and evidence<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-decisions\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Decisions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Core questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where the evidence comes from.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Named public datasets and institutional records, each with its licence class. Sources by agreement are used only under their terms and never republished.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it gives<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">IUCN Red List of Ecosystems<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Risk-of-collapse assessments of ecosystem types against standard criteria<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free for non-commercial use, terms of use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">A hierarchical classification of ecosystem functional groups across all realms<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Biodiversity Intactness Index (Natural History Museum, PREDICTS)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Modelled intactness of local species assemblages from compiled field studies<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Forest Landscape Integrity Index<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Forest condition from observed pressures, inferred pressures and lost connectivity<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">ESA WorldCover and Copernicus Land Monitoring Service<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Land cover and change for ecosystem extent<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">National ecosystem accounts under SEEA<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Extent and condition accounts compiled by national statistical offices<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public records, terms per agency<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">International Long Term Ecological Research network<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Multi-decade site measurements of ecosystem state and processes<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Terms per site<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/topics\/ecosystem-integrity\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Sources\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and evidence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How ecosystem integrity is modelled, measured and tested.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"science\" data-au-n=\"1\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"eo-chain\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Earth observation chain<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">How a satellite or sensor record becomes evidence on ecosystem integrity, and where each step adds uncertainty.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-au-chain\"><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">01 \u00b7 Acquire<\/span><span>orbit, sensor and revisit<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: gaps from cloud and orbit<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">02 \u00b7 Calibrate<\/span><span>radiometric and geometric<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: sensor drift<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">03 \u00b7 Correct<\/span><span>atmosphere and terrain<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: aerosol and slope assumptions<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">04 \u00b7 Retrieve or classify<\/span><span>the variable or the class<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: model and training error<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">05 \u00b7 Validate<\/span><span>against ground truth<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: sample design and size<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">06 \u00b7 Publish<\/span><span>with error bars and lineage<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: stated, never hidden<\/span><\/li><\/ol><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Processing chain in the CEOS Analysis Ready Data sense; each step records its uncertainty before a figure is drawn. A generic structure, not results.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">FAIR guiding principles \u00b7 GO FAIR and FORCE11<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">W3C PROV \u00b7 World Wide Web Consortium<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Guidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties \u00b7 IPCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">CEOS Analysis Ready Data \u00b7 Committee on Earth Observation Satellites<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-decisions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Decisions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who decides, and what the evidence serves.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Biodiversity Nexus prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Who decides<\/th><th scope=\"col\">The question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence this page serves<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Environment ministries and national statistical offices<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Which ecosystems to prioritise for protection and restoration in the national biodiversity strategy<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Extent and condition by ecosystem type; risk-of-collapse categories with their criteria<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Protected-area and land management authorities<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Where condition is declining toward a threshold and which pressure to reduce first<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Condition trends with <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a> signals; pressure maps by driver<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Planning and environmental assessment authorities<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Whether a proposed development pushes a threatened ecosystem toward collapse<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Red List of Ecosystems status, condition at the site, cumulative pressure in the landscape<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Financial supervisors and institutions<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Which portfolios are exposed to ecosystem degradation and collapse<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Condition and threshold evidence linked to the locations of assets and suppliers<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-4\">Outputs this topic produces<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Ecosystem extent and condition maps against a stated reference<\/li><li>Threshold and regime-shift evidence notes with their uncertainty<\/li><li>Condition accounts aligned with SEEA Ecosystem Accounting<\/li><li>Pressure maps that keep each driver separate<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Core questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What experts ask.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Integrity is easy to invoke and hard to measure. Experts work on a small set of recurring questions.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"columns\"><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>What is the reference state against which condition is judged, and how is it defined where no undisturbed reference exists?<\/li><li>Which indicators of composition, structure and function move first when a system degrades?<\/li><li>Where are the thresholds beyond which a system shifts state, and how close are particular places to them?<\/li><li>How much connectivity and functional redundancy does a system need to recover from fire, drought or storm?<\/li><li>How should integrity be compared across very different ecosystem types?<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-label=\"Mechanisms and drivers, Methods and data, Methods, Sources\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Mechanisms and drivers, Methods and data, Methods, Sources\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-mechanisms-and-drivers\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Mechanisms and drivers<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Methods and data<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-methods\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Methods<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Sources<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-mechanisms-and-drivers\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"inset\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanisms and drivers<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Why systems degrade gradually and then shift.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Ecosystems are held in a particular state by feedbacks. A forest shades its floor and keeps it moist, which suppresses fire; a clear lake supports rooted plants that hold sediment and absorb nutrients, which keeps it clear; a reef with abundant grazers keeps algae in check. Pressure such as clearing, nutrient pollution or overfishing weakens these feedbacks without visible change, until a disturbance tips the system into an alternative state held by different feedbacks: grassland instead of forest, turbid water instead of clear, algae instead of coral.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Resilience depends on diversity within functional groups, on connectivity that lets species recolonise, and on the slow variables, such as soil depth or nutrient stocks, that change over decades. Because these properties are eroded quietly, condition indicators that track only extent can miss decline until recovery is expensive or no longer possible.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-15\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">15<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How the evidence is built, and where it stops.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ol class=\"nx-rows\"><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">01<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Field condition assessment<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Plot surveys of vegetation structure, indicator species and soil or water quality give the most direct evidence. They are costly, sparse and often not repeated on the same sites.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">02<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Remote sensing<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Satellite and airborne data track extent, canopy structure, productivity and disturbance across large areas, through <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/earth-observation\/\">Earth observation<\/a>. They measure proxies for condition, not species or function directly.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">03<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Indices and reference states<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Composite indices compare current condition with a reference. Their results depend heavily on the reference chosen, which should always be stated.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">04<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Early-warning signals<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Rising variance or slower recovery from small disturbances can precede regime shifts in some <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. They need long, dense time series and can give false alarms.<\/p><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-16\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">16<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-16\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How it is studied, and what the methods cannot say.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-methods\" data-limits=\"true\"><ol class=\"nx-mledger\" aria-label=\"Methods\"><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/ecology\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Ecology and biodiversity science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Species distribution modelling \u00b7 Population trend and viability analysis<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/ecology\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Ecology and biodiversity science\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/earth-observation\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Earth observation and remote sensing<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Forest loss and disturbance alerts \u00b7 Wetland and mangrove dynamics<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/earth-observation\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Earth observation and remote sensing\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/complex-systems\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Complex systems and agent-based modelling<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Early warning of regime shifts \u00b7 Food-web and co-extinction networks<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/complex-systems\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Complex systems and agent-based modelling\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/spatial-statistics\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Spatial statistics and geostatistics<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Bias-corrected distribution surfaces \u00b7 Hotspots of change and threat<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/spatial-statistics\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Spatial statistics and geostatistics\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/geospatial\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Geospatial information systems<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Overlap with sensitive biodiversity \u00b7 Connectivity and corridor analysis<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/geospatial\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Geospatial information systems\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-limits\" aria-label=\"What the methods cannot say\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the methods cannot say<\/span><p class=\"nx-limits-text\">Condition depends on the reference state chosen, and reference states are contested where landscapes have been shaped by people for millennia. Thresholds are usually recognised after they are crossed; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a> signals are statistical and can fail or raise false alarms. Global intactness models rest on uneven field data and do not replace local survey. Biodiversity Nexus does not designate ecosystems or set targets; competent authorities do, under their own mandates.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-17\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">17<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Where this page&#8217;s references<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-17\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page&#8217;s references lead.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-05318-4\"><span>Keith and others, A function-based typology for Earth&#8217;s ecosystems (IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology), Nature 610 (2022)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/iucnrle.org\/\"><span>IUCN Red List of Ecosystems<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/seea.un.org\/ecosystem-accounting\"><span>System of Environmental-Economic Accounting, Ecosystem Accounting (UN Statistical Commission, adopted 2021)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbd.int\/gbf\"><span>Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and its monitoring framework, CBD decisions 15\/4 and 15\/5 (2022)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/ns-3b\/\"><span>NS-3b, Dataset and product metadata profile, a proposed standard<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-3\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-label=\"Connected, Questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Connected, Questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-18-sec\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Connected<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-19-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-s-18-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-18\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">18<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connected<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-18\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page leads across the Consortium.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/climate-nature-governance\/topics\/nature-and-biodiversity-law\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Related topic<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr><\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Nature and biodiversity law<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Ecological findings link to policy stewardship with source\/consent limits.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-19-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-19\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">19<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-19\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>What is the difference between extent and condition?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Extent is how much of an ecosystem exists; condition is how well it functions and how complete its species and structure are. An ecosystem can keep its extent while losing condition, so both are reported.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a tipping point be predicted?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Not precisely. Rising variance and slower recovery from disturbance can signal an approaching transition, but the signals are probabilistic and need long, regular records. The page reports them with their uncertainty and never as a forecast date.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What does collapsed mean on the Red List of Ecosystems?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">That the defining features of an ecosystem have been lost and replaced by a different ecosystem throughout its range. Assessments apply standard criteria on decline in extent, restricted distribution and degradation of environment and processes.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which values on this page are real?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The indicator names, units, sources and methods are real. Levels in the figures are examples in a design. A national programme replaces them with labelled evidence it owns.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is ecosystem integrity the same as naturalness?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Not exactly. Integrity concerns whether composition, structure and function are within the range expected for that ecosystem and whether it can recover. Some long-managed landscapes have high integrity in that sense.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can satellites measure integrity on their own?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. They measure structure, cover and productivity well across large areas, but integrity also depends on species composition and processes that need field evidence to confirm.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why does the reference state matter so much?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Because condition is a comparison. A site can appear intact against a degraded baseline and badly damaged against a historical one, so every assessment should state which reference it uses and why.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Sector Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Observatory Signal<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. 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