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F5\/s9XCNR1uN\/AxTKs3WvWkdlU7cCiV5Zv5L+e+Iz8kNRstXuIBMKEoNJuW9iBEaiBD7GUrJUA8K54DZlvngEyrwjEkdxY4yR02YTXK5RtRVWEND6RpPmTI+ZAi50O\/cgcSQq4Bw6BQKsFvYE+WbGhpDJOInEljC5g7DH0mjmkzwx5b0QnTmsAs0b9QQYMnwLRFrUoOPbPsfIPzwCkoA6uJ7T8lig+dB0LIiZjRQ3YWOEmJn8WbklDLKd42uTG6\/2PkqThEnuDVQjspPSXyIyCIZ6WHPcxpkjF0PaaaB2cpqGcvpG0b3Gv212tvY2leAhYhsyjMeAgniT1C0rUaJms1Klur4UvWaoRXY8GoRwJNRgXuxaxB4k23GhVQO\/2mo2Z64Omq550LDa\/ghTvUDo\/HqZqTm3mYEQyHMWUfuLY43brM4MYVY+L6QrFEkDAdzsg477r3V6bf\/otKLrzB+gkMQEXuPULGOfR2h9oYUHkXn8YrgJTrT7OdwqmE2hinE2MgElIEgK\/XmxOSKk1P9GSWYi44bewjaZof1cY+isY+po3Neh+Fg+k5FQ1GcBTWtG3V23r9W7OJfzZ+40t4ctwEXUYRimJMrq+d6OnwzmlxfLiOwLjM+72Vp\/tnz6CKsOsOtdvOXjfZ6F31YHuht9408zqVz7JKuvq3QkN5oXEL0bPG+qcXGOtnmWAJqHGyR8gsAfqJRIdZ72TbXP8EopEd+L5QOnzO9GVFA33rMLXQZz9BP\/eUmuEZTpV0clYR\/T6lMTvx3QmnKBeRNcmUgKVftc9S\/fAZdFOZjy0\/06ePyaEj2nE+Gnvq0cgiTdM6ihKoWACVqGf1K07+Yw+p3VMtwitfS4\/2BduSEAYjw6aex0VvU8iDzIiCeZyOYUGa5uIoTMawkCsT9hZ9XjXueX28yj2Wcdox6PY916d8iLmjnyUq5g6A8l1v\/GxjUWUBaAGVSzph4AJKBTMaKdtEIi+AqsCyoi2WxRyFUYGCSrOwEDO2e+Myuev\/f9CTnJdHLTim+EJZ\/FhpPXfcGcLmY4VujblhJhoVC3H7IFhrAg\/KQQFJHzmhmOYs348KaWF8UzzmD9WofBC2FTnQCY0mUp3lk14PibEJv169VFnGbIT7elqSQTGlQ+WTU9WCg3A\/4\/GUNE2aHbhp4mbi92i\/1+orXKmgdCt6P4aWDzZHxfGWN9HsmzlFG5ENm485QEZiRa3n2rdUx1450yGSW\/6Zunl9h1YOnUd51K1XfI+EEOVE1pChDqp9XZz+u8af9Jrr1+gipBGrgUstnaM2kqsbVo5tgLAZ5gZW3m8M3ipVX+qo9nV62Prt36iN3tPFNK51meU7VuTEyQfTysHbw4UXIS6siKVgvmDLgmhOK5XkgvCxnd+HXP4YssaC\/4GdP6w\/SpHgL65hXwhNe+NXvBqS5CFXpPGrNO6Npcq9sQANfP1XaC55l7YqBI16683xtiCDV9AIWAJ5C418ncavm0cp1sBgMynrV30o5BYz+c6CkIyEKJOxKW4t1YXrGFjQ\/84Y+mMFp+OEASCfw4iylYieWQmL+I2Ij7veeiU3CG1EHFCtN5zkFgAfZYDPKhcg33pVCRKrBCReASR\/a0AhFXqafbqiOR+UMlSXWirhOytgUL5LPTqjnnSyxUYcei7T0BolgNky0IlK3ONKrXLwNa4fZEIL2D69IyshlV5yGAqJxWUD0U1DOoL1mqA4lHanBXk\/nQxopIVAU9OdssunJDn4gzsJlb4kcgd1xip6GCxyJxpu0+RcO6yjdg3Vtai36K\/XiAOjhuoLnBx2kbIiNznzTGYOLeg\/mBv29VovBVS5SbTGXR5AX1t21OHsNI13o17b12Ea7dLV4IU30lvDr9L99pTlls42ihMSH81Wd1fC\/Ua0\/ZNUkFWLHLBL\/6kJGVTu0ISEoa1CTThw+HuE\/IRXPxHfZFTzE0vLRo5LTB\/WKHXdlVNUaAmlGuUIoUPfQAY+p7++YBFM8YxApRyoZM9\/a1U1tzWWwuWKpdq72LZC0OwpTVW0tS1A\/i\/hm0LVVLR09CUtZ0iP8u5tCtgTx7YqIsyXpQqzdUmaJc09ONQjybfwLlAFU4b0vxWh06e7bS0AIY+OqO\/UjmsgB8kd09drFZ9YQmhouQlp6FLPkVstERvX62zXSbjkvdgsLaGDLyPsY0IrT5KS\/OS1VEfjEh1V5isAhsCp5wG718bbiqqd9D\/VsC\/qqIHqEch\/De7uArosaKxEwHfcSeZnyU\/QvGQ504fCyuER9FfdTCTvpjawbqkGyQOiyj+WmKfCiMYxWKcSEHSkKwmvUAYFLt\/KQhHGqTVrkw1QMEI\/xwj97eOxPEkNpoxBEIrJi6TmsKZZUiU\/Zl6gjJEgvGVr42WfV94u8CrUFgVTyaay+jatW\/C1WGSWCkYjtF6nL2oIrxbbJoqSTlWTaZi2Wz5dgdGwK8q+0yiyXL8RDIdiX45xpbtIrmziWVIWD6CUy\/yFczvOz+04jqDDfuX4\/e2Nkl\/scXFJE2lFyvqLCmw1owxbCSGjDvdoleLWCIxD5ZqSxFJpiSLpUtzlKKoiZ5mJLMK9tLWD3len3\/vq6Eb\/54OC5JHwBjj9CpFTjifKIkZ0ES4iaqYOpRbOteERLUoESwPhXqsv6JOEvJA+o8wbREdgxpFW5gXxpU2mqVNRJhE9kw\/ydT3RxCUiZp56j7QLAZFbcmGw4MJdUH6CBDEXr27JbTarr6dah2hfndUvG1zXOntfHYxhonrmRHKbwboLDcMRkCT0eUgupCo4VR+3dO2iMcQHoHLmw\/tMWg3+NQzmWqtxq\/8COiP1wLSojzTr58+4PoYx3h61AKhl6s2u3AP56j6gXkVxHrxa7usm2FMYBTaNY9cfSR77GLqx+MUiy6biJ+ei4ueEssi1RWUbgnX76XvwFxJO\/Z0dmmnVwS2iL1BQs0xBXeaGx0+rPX9bP51TBQlHPSk5maVExM1iDWAWpcSLzxgIxB14U28iqoSsUe6OzMYRjceB57SNw9dKFNoSHN2W7MhNR7\/kHqERTXXgLust2VYw2glUPFErnojoKtY7Yf1nJqKooU+fkb3yxj9JPp7xdRHU4iX2Vu4Ss9vPFCeKVWFwW4GE04Z6ukSNtrWpcpUR1Cc9hITE7zX7UtH+PnCoalJ+EuOekSe1ADfoC9dioV+YyTMJfwJDvvh4ndMjNHX1ff2p0n2bKydmuz8fvlLXawwDdYfaEyEkdVXbeOSJb7EnvArVETVTdjcjTXOWGaxnqbF+Bshiy2CGJ7zibwDIZYxOcv9sR6j1q8K8i3UWWtpHwr3TPrcYfq7bQn\/VIfJJeTUfjXSw\/zOjG0+kaT5lMHlKYfKkwuRPvBprfypWLAHOdLEhRENv4vrhK\/1EJONJ3e8UJV09751\/TF4WMXC409tCmES5w0UCkx2BAtz16ojM8OokVyc1sV13Ph5tj\/xn401CnAv1NmPtRHq8y2OKwhQFCR7BaYXbHHZa6JSje9oUnN03mxET+767w2FXQAzp3WLYx\/NG2C5+UXjzRTVD6qrEvdfUW32FvN+SpnmbLdotLNpFStlp7zZbuJJTat7nfL1WywuSJwd+x2eTH\/JnPuT8F4Di54yxlPTJz69MoYB405VRDRYtFRiYNfBoqtCaWCxyF+rJ9hwY1Tk7slIonHNGdU81i\/bOgbPx8+IucaTEL9WDZj121E35n8ekb2qX9TwmvFPlTxGZ9pLxg2NanDC6CyGHQBQI30FX3VsppeNUJm01FYcoGNMDOwqyXcqSbXrGSEB7D6xfNoRICk5cc6POMoYWY3Z0ls4yTlt0KTljvZiVnoBFU0JkcWnHpUcXacCMrKUqsKXzIa0Mf9gRoZeM9RHG+siOvHT2j3ysp1TzaO8xWYYpI8gH845BJwPqgPfvhKKMctxmsRjlAczJmGhjHIDfs+6r8ogwBbKcKVCa9Xu0r2R8Wa\/hRWp9L90KQvTwpeQBvgvtSPcXlIsc2yHwMZelcpH4W8S95JTKAaCzxGHUB79oPhUwveofYEbw+OkHI3TtwAuiRmxD8+2aY0WPONEDcicfRkRAVAb6KR9\/4lgGigBeoPOp8ymJ6u0gaAi1kcedL9O\/SiDbd+45fQ0WHy6UMSxalBbiqYyurAKRWRVMIuHk48oSE2FyFnI6zx4ymDrOcoGSEVAl2EYIDxoP4eRz6oi5iFba\/J34jXP1LMfJVcrKtdUG5GGhZGsO5ECFY3\/pXJIiMFk15BtigYSWIh0Azn0sjFPOv8HHKOCHTc7tq2pJqJRVVF1n+BJzdJerCrt2pzkeLOawqXbuAGkP42Vht1UQI16+wYLRyKO1VDO3wy2He+XsVCxCgZK1EgsFrvlbih2O5vm0G8+5lQPVa8vJrhzKLNdri5RRbLNJHca9ZP\/\/IU4u0MUfRHGk9LosiKwRR64rRifaNKUdDK9ELRAO\/oAdIPZnh\/8WGMt\/ilBONY7yj+ycdFkepa2CXXLIq1zyp3v+qTsO5r7wVkx113tXDK+KruAyaFg4g++i9ZKSzV0gQZFeM2xv0Nh6KVFWvOErp9eM0JVIDM\/yG8I5S03i9AdOlVEAng9L8L2JQ88C52Ofp0lA7iQMImbxQ4VgZA6tzLDBV5qLbTRK2OU4TdWRQuWy46RM+TLnoHP5o2MyL9Nl37vs7F2xzp5D83GyPK1WRQD+mEZB7ZhrbKTjMWhtIF1CmVhqU5\/u\/tpwwV+2skxkTXiXoJOoKEOLg+HRywyvblhZriY1LZO+f+S4sxonasK\/RkXcGrdPo1EUTENU42TAswaQnuQkDKkVWb5Na8FQBA2F1oii4yNBY2qAtSQxBdRSApFssppKU4gkFMfX8O3o64Go9nxbfJOWN\/XWih5\/oCW+x8tb6vL0NkpbXw8cd3a8D3h0w57f\/Pzwcdm5YhXomy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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n3u81kdx.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"gcri\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> \u00b7 Biodiversity Nexus<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Forests and landscapes<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Forests hold most of the world&#8217;s terrestrial species, store carbon, regulate water and sustain rural livelihoods in every tropical, temperate and boreal region. Their health depends on how much forest remains and also on how it is arranged: large intact blocks behave differently from fragments separated by farms and roads. This page sets out how forest loss, degradation and fragmentation are measured, how they propagate through landscapes, and what the evidence means for those who govern land use and supply chains.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/\">Back to Topics<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Canvas<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How the work runs.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"dag\"><div class=\"nx-hero-canvas\"><div class=\"nx-plate\" data-wide=\"true\"><div class=\"nx-plate-label\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Systems<\/strong> \u00b7 around this subject<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Illustrative<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-figure-frame\" data-scene=\"true\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-biodiversity-condition\" data-cx=\"biodiversity.condition\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Ecosystem condition account: illustrative console with example names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Ecosystem condition account<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">Forests and landscapes \u00b7 Wetland complex \u00b7 Accounting year 5<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure&#8217;s values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><ul class=\"nx-fk-kpis\" data-n=\"4\"><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Extent change<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k0\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">\u25bc 2<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">pct of opening<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Watch<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k0\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,3L10.2,8.7L18.4,13L26.5,11.8L34.7,12.3L42.9,18.1L51.1,18.3L59.3,18.9L67.5,20.9L75.6,23L83.8,20.8L92,17.6L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,3L10.2,8.7L18.4,13L26.5,11.8L34.7,12.3L42.9,18.1L51.1,18.3L59.3,18.9L67.5,20.9L75.6,23L83.8,20.8L92,17.6\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"17.6\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Condition index<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k1\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">0.56<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">0 to 1<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-d\" data-dir=\"down\" data-good=\"na\">0.03<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Watch<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k1\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,23L10.2,15.2L18.4,7.3L26.5,6.1L34.7,3L42.9,3.7L51.1,7.5L59.3,7.9L67.5,3.8L75.6,6.1L83.8,10.9L92,18.6L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,23L10.2,15.2L18.4,7.3L26.5,6.1L34.7,3L42.9,3.7L51.1,7.5L59.3,7.9L67.5,3.8L75.6,6.1L83.8,10.9L92,18.6\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"18.6\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Species of concern<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k2\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">19<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">recorded<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k2\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,18.7L10.2,15.5L18.4,20.5L26.5,23L34.7,19.7L42.9,17.7L51.1,16.3L59.3,9L67.5,11.8L75.6,16.7L83.8,9.5L92,3L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,18.7L10.2,15.5L18.4,20.5L26.5,23L34.7,19.7L42.9,17.7L51.1,16.3L59.3,9L67.5,11.8L75.6,16.7L83.8,9.5L92,3\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"3\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Restoration under management<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k3\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">353<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">ha<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Normal<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k3\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,14.5L10.2,20.2L18.4,23L26.5,21.8L34.7,15.7L42.9,17.1L51.1,16.1L59.3,14.7L67.5,17.1L75.6,20L83.8,17.2L92,3L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,14.5L10.2,20.2L18.4,23L26.5,21.8L34.7,15.7L42.9,17.1L51.1,16.1L59.3,14.7L67.5,17.1L75.6,20L83.8,17.2L92,3\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"3\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Condition declining<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GCRI \u00b7 Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Condition indicators<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-biodiversity-condition-t1\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-biodiversity-condition-t1\" aria-label=\"Condition indicators\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Indicator<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Opening<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">Closing<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">Reference<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-condition:r1-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Water level regime<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.7\">0.7<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.7\">0.7<\/td><td data-num=\"true\">1.0<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-condition:r1-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Native vegetation cover<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.5\">0.5<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.4\">0.4<\/td><td data-num=\"true\">1.0<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-condition:r1-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Invasive species pressure<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.3\">0.3<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.3\">0.3<\/td><td data-num=\"true\">0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biodiversity-condition:r1-3\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Connectivity<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.6\">0.6<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.5\">0.5<\/td><td data-num=\"true\">1.0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"chart\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Condition index<\/h4><\/div><\/div><svg class=\"nx-fk-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 460 210\" width=\"460\" height=\"210\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Condition index\" focusable=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" data-fk-chart=\"cx-biodiversity-condition-c2\" data-fk-xs=\"lin,0,23,36,446\" data-fk-ys=\"lin,0,100,180,20\" data-fk-series=\"Measured|ink|l||0:49.4;1:52.7;2:48.3;3:42.7;4:45;5:49.5;6:48;7:48.8;8:46.3;9:40.3;10:42.3;11:40.3;12:42.2;13:44.9;14:47.4;15:46.1;16:40.7;17:37.4;18:40.3;19:37.1;20:30.9;21:30;22:31.2;23:25~Target path|acc|l||0:49;1:51.6;2:53.3;3:48.4;4:47.8;5:43.2;6:43.4;7:43.9;8:44.7;9:40.1;10:40.6;11:41;12:41.9;13:43.4;14:44.4;15:41;16:43.8;17:40.2;18:43;19:41.6;20:44.5;21:44.6;22:47.2;23:47.1\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Ecosystem condition account: the screen&#8217;s structure, terms and states for Forests and landscapes.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-caption\"><strong>Fig.<\/strong><span>Ecosystem condition account: example names and illustrative values, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-question\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The question<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Forests and landscapes: how the risk develops.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Forest health and landscape fragmentation. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"2\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m12.83 2.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 6.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.83l8.58 3.91a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0l8.58-3.9a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.83Z\"\/><path d=\"m22 17.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 17.65\"\/><path d=\"m22 12.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 12.65\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Clearance and degradation<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Clearing converts forest to other uses; degradation removes trees, structure and species while the land stays classed as forest. Selective logging, fire and fuelwood extraction often precede clearance, so degradation is an early signal of conversion.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M14.106 5.553a2 2 0 0 0 1.788 0l3.659-1.83A1 1 0 0 1 21 4.619v12.764a1 1 0 0 1-.553.894l-4.553 2.277a2 2 0 0 1-1.788 0l-4.212-2.106a2 2 0 0 0-1.788 0l-3.659 1.83A1 1 0 0 1 3 19.381V6.618a1 1 0 0 1 .553-.894l4.553-2.277a2 2 0 0 1 1.788 0z\"\/><path d=\"M15 5.76v15\"\/><path d=\"M9 3.24v15\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Fragmentation and edge effects<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Roads and clearings break forests into smaller patches with more edge. Edges are hotter, drier and windier, raising <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.forest-dieback\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Widespread tree decline and death from drought, heat, pests or disease.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\">tree mortality<\/a> and fire risk, and they isolate species that cannot cross open land.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"4.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m10.2 6.3-3.9 3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"4.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"M7 12h10\"\/><circle cx=\"19.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m13.8 17.7 3.9-3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"19.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Fire, drought and pests compound<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Drought weakens trees, pests and pathogens spread through stressed stands, and dead fuel feeds larger fires. In some regions repeated fire can shift forest toward savanna or shrubland that does not return on its own.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"8\" cy=\"8\" r=\"6\"\/><path d=\"M18.09 10.37A6 6 0 1 1 10.34 18\"\/><path d=\"M7 6h1v4\"\/><path d=\"m16.71 13.88.7.71-2.82 2.82\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Commodity and finance links<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Most tropical clearance is driven by agriculture, including cattle, soy, oil palm, cocoa and wood fibre. Demand travels through traders, processors and lenders, so forest loss is a supply-chain and portfolio risk as well as a local one.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Habitat condition in the Amazon Basin.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Vegetation, land cover and active fires over the Amazon Basin, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"amazon:biodiversity\" data-ml-points=\"on\" data-ml-feeds=\"eonet|https:\/\/eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/v3\/events\" data-ml-src=\"biodiversity\" data-ml-plan=\"p-23cc11fc\" data-ml-relief=\"1.3\" data-ml-view=\"3d\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:biodiversity\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.biodiversity.evi gibs.food.cover gibs.energy.fires gibs.water.true gibs.food.gpp gibs.health.people ev.eonet r.dist r.hls r.dswxs1 r.labels r.pace\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect measure compare aoi export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-biodiversity\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-biodiversity\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"-80,-18,-48,6\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"Habitat condition, the Amazon Basin: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"fires,evi||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Fire pressure<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"evi||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Vegetation<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"cover||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Land cover<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"fires||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Fires and flaring<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">3<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">Habitat condition, for this page<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"evi\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Vegetation (EVI)\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite index; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Enhanced vegetation index, rolling 8 days<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE MODIS Terra EVI \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"evi\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"EVI\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"evi\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.biodiversity.evi\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra EVI (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite index; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-13<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite vegetation index for the 8 days to the date shown, a habitat condition indicator; not a measure of species or biodiversity.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"cover\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.7\" data-wm-short=\"Land cover\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land cover type (IGBP), yearly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"class\">Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"cover\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.cover\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2024-01-01<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"fires\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"1\" data-wm-breaks=\"10,50,200\" data-wm-short=\"Fires and flares\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE FIRMS\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite detection; clouds and overpass timing leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Active fires and thermal anomalies<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE FIRMS VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"fires\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"MW\">Observed (clouds and overpass timing leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"fires\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.energy.fires\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds and overpass timing leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS) (NASA LANCE FIRMS)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE FIRMS<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite detection; clouds and overpass timing leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-13<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite hot-spot detections for the day shown, including gas flares and industrial heat; not a confirmed fire, an incident report or a warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"4\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.6\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite image\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">True colour<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"true\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.true\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite image<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"gpp\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"24\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Plant growth (GPP)\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite-driven model; latest 8-day period GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Gross primary production, 8-day total<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Aqua GPP (MYD17) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"gpp\">30 Sep 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"kgC\/m\u00b2\">Modelled (latest 8-day period GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"gpp\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.gpp\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest 8-day period GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Aqua GPP (MYD17) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>8-day; Satellite-driven model; latest 8-day period GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-09-30<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Model estimate of carbon taken up by plants over the 8-day period shown; an indicator of growth, not harvest or production.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"people\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"25\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Population density\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)\" data-wm-kind=\"Census-based estimate, static (2020)\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Population density, 2020<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University) Gridded Population of the World v4.11 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"estimated\" data-wm-lic=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-wm-unit=\"people\/km\u00b2\">Estimated<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"people\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.people\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Estimated<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University))<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>null; Census-based estimate, static (2020)<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Census-based estimate of people per square kilometre in 2020, shown as exposure context; not a count of people affected by any hazard.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" aria-label=\"Map controls\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-open\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-panel\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Layers\" title=\"Layers\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2.5l-6.5 3.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5zm-6.5 6.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5m-13 2.8 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"tools\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" title=\"Expert tools\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 4.5l10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-7.5-8.5 0 3m5 .5 0 3m-3.5.5 0 3\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-sep\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"in\" aria-label=\"Zoom in\" title=\"Zoom in\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 3v10M3 8h10\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"out\" aria-label=\"Zoom out\" title=\"Zoom out\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 8h10\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"reset\" aria-label=\"Reset the view\" title=\"Reset the view\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.2 8a4.8 4.8 0 1 0 1.5-3.5M3.2 2.6v2.6h2.6\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"full\" aria-label=\"Full screen\" title=\"Full screen\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M2.5 6l0-3.5 3.5 0m7.5 3.5 0-3.5-3.5 0m-7.5 7.5 0 3.5 3.5 0m7.5-3.5 0 3.5-3.5 0\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-menu\" id=\"nx-wm-menu\" role=\"menu\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"inspect\">Inspect a point<kbd>I<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"measure\">Measure distance<kbd>M<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"compare\">Compare two dates<kbd>C<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"share\">Copy a link to this view<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"png\">Export as PNG with credits<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"xt\" data-wm-xt=\"NxAjSJ6JoGGZsXu22d+kvA4nR9AJ6Njy+\/Xy2FIyELw=\">More expert tools<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\">Keyboard shortcuts<kbd>?<\/kbd><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-keys\" role=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Keyboard shortcuts\" hidden><p class=\"nx-wm-keys-title\">Keyboard, with the map focused<\/p><dl class=\"nx-wm-keys-list\"><\/dl><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-keys-close\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\" aria-label=\"Close the shortcuts\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-hint\" hidden>Hold Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll to zoom<\/p><p class=\"nx-wm-toolbar\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-tip\" role=\"tooltip\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin\" hidden><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-pin-title\"><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"unpin\" aria-label=\"Close the card\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-chart\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-body\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-dock\"><div class=\"nx-wm-time\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Imagery date\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"prev\" aria-label=\"One day earlier\">\u2039<\/button><p class=\"nx-wm-time-label\">Latest available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Habitat condition, framed on the Amazon Basin.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET \u00b7 NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.water-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.modis-viirs.land\">MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.firms\">NASA Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), VIIRS 375 m active fire product, NASA LANCE; vector tiles via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"sedac.gpw-v4\">Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7927\/H49C6VHW\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.7927\/H49C6VHW<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li><\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>Optional layers (6 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Enhanced vegetation index, rolling 8 days: MODIS Terra EVI, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"evi\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/li><li>Active fires and thermal anomalies: VIIRS NOAA-20 375 m (FIRMS), NASA LANCE FIRMS \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"fires\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Gross primary production, 8-day total: MODIS Aqua GPP (MYD17), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"gpp\">30 Sep 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/topics\/forest-and-landscapes\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Biodiversity Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-couplings\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Couplings<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Forests regulate water, store carbon and feed people.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th>Domain<\/th><th>How it couples here<\/th><th>What to watch<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Water<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Forests influence rainfall recycling, infiltration and sediment. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/topics\/catchment-hydrology\/\">catchment hydrology<\/a>.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Forest loss in water source areas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Food<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Agricultural expansion is the main driver of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\">deforestation<\/a>. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/food-trade-and-markets\/\">food trade and markets<\/a>.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Commodity-driven forest loss<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Energy<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Fuel wood and charcoal for cooking; biomass for power.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Wood fuel share of household energy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Health<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Forest fire<\/a> smoke harms health far from the fire.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Smoke exposure days<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-p\">Forest change is measured from national inventories reported to FAO&#8217;s Global Forest Resources Assessment (2020 edition) and from satellite maps such as Hansen and colleagues (2013). The two differ because of definitions: tree cover loss is not deforestation, which requires a change of land use. The EU deforestation regulation (2023\/1115) has had its application dates postponed by amendment; check the current text.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-span=\"wide\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Model forests and landscapes as a system. Run the cascade.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Assembled from the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> area profile <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/biodiversity-risk-standards\/\">Biodiversity and nature risk standards<\/a>: the hazards it names, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/system-builder\/\">System Builder<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-es-topics-forest-and-landscapes-G05\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\">Deforestation<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.biodiversity-loss\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Decline in the variety and abundance of species and habitats that weakens services such as pollination, fisheries and soil formation.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\">Biodiversity loss<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h21\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.surface.soil-erosion\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Erosion and sediment movement\" data-td=\"Loss of topsoil to water or wind, stripping fertility and filling reservoirs and channels downstream.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H21\" data-tr=\"draft\">Soil erosion<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Land-system change boundary transgression (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Amazon rainforest dieback (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Slope slide (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Flash flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Zoonotic spillover event (set off downstream)<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Wildfire<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Emerging arbovirus outbreak (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Malaria resurgence (set off downstream)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/biodiversity-risk-standards\/\">Biodiversity and nature risk standards<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/climate-risk-standards\/\">Climate risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Feedback<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/health-risk-standards\/\">Health risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/food-risk-standards\/\">Food and agriculture risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Dependency<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/environmental-degradation-hazard-standards\/\">Environmental degradation hazard standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Shared hazard records<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-0<\/code> Constitution and principles<\/li><li><code>NS-1<\/code> The <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> and the artefact catalogue (grammar v0.2: domain, sector, region and environment segments)<\/li><li><code>NS-3<\/code> Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)<\/li><li><code>NS-3b<\/code> Dataset and product metadata profile (STAC, DCAT, PROV-O)<\/li><li><code>NS-5<\/code> Figure, map and visualisation standard (with the UI\/UX kit)<\/li><li><code>NS-9<\/code> Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)<\/li><li><code>NS-11<\/code> Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)<\/li><li><code>NRS-N5<\/code> Biodiversity and nature risk and resilience<\/li><li><code>NRS-H65<\/code> Hazard family: Planetary boundary transgressions (NHS-1 planet.boundary)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H27<\/code> Hazard family: Biodiversity and species stress (NHS-1 eco.species)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H26<\/code> Hazard family: Land and wetland degradation (NHS-1 eco.land)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H28<\/code> Hazard family: Climate-state shifts (NHS-1 eco.climate-state)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H64<\/code> Hazard family: Ecosystem regime shifts (NHS-1 eco.regime-shift)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>GBIF occurrence API and downloads (listed for reference)<\/li><li>World Database on Protected and Conserved Areas (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Global Forest Watch tree cover loss (Hansen\/UMD) and alerts (listed for reference)<\/li><li>ESA WorldCover 10 m land cover (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Copernicus Land Monitoring Service products (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Red List Index<\/li><li>Forest area as a proportion of total land area<\/li><li>Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity covered by protected areas<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Example geography<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Pacific Island states: 150 hexagonal cells<\/li><li>Vegetation disturbance alerts, 30 m (OPERA DIST-ALERT), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface soil moisture (SMAP), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-standards\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Forest evidence and contributions.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Forest and landscape analyses are designed for the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/series\/observatory-signal\/\">Observatory Signal series<\/a>. Satellite-derived change carries the label estimated until checked with reference data. Useful contributions: national inventory plots, field validation of change and community forest records shared with consent.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-signature\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sector signature<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The sector signature of forests and landscapes.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The sectors forests and landscapes touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig\" data-nx-sig=\"WFHB\" data-sig-name=\"Biodiversity and its partners\" data-sig-line=\"Biodiversity gives pollination and soils to food (0.6), watershed regulation to water (0.5) and zoonotic spillover and medicines to health (0.4).\" data-sig-inst=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-plate\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Signatures in context\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span>Select corners \u00b7 hover lines<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">6 \/ 15 relations<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sector signature hexagon: Water, Food, Health and Biodiversity selected, 6 of 15 relations in play, coupling 0.46. Teaching values.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Signature<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Biodiversity and its partners<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Biodiversity gives pollination and soils to food (0.6), watershed regulation to water (0.5) and zoonotic spillover and medicines to health (0.4).<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>W<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">E<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">I<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>H<\/span> \u00b7 <span>B<\/span><\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Sectors<\/dt><dd><strong>4<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Relations<\/dt><dd><strong>6<\/strong> <small>of 15<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coupling<\/dt><dd><strong>0.46<\/strong> <small>share of total<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><h3 class=\"nx-nsig-dh\">Strongest relations in play<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-nsig-rel\"><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Food \u2192 Biodiversity<\/b> \u00b7 land conversion<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"6\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.6<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Food<\/b> \u00b7 irrigation<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.8<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Biodiversity<\/b> \u00b7 environmental flows<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"6\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.6<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Food \u2192 Health<\/b> \u00b7 nutrition<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"7\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.7<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"all\">Select all<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-sig-act=\"copy\">Copy signature<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements for any place. Coupling is the summed strength of the relations in play, as a share of all fifteen.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-label=\"Indicators, Methods and evidence, Sources, Decisions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Indicators, Methods and evidence, Sources, Decisions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-indicators\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Indicators<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-audience\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Methods and evidence<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-sources\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Sources<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-decisions\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Decisions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-indicators\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What is measured, and how well.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each indicator carries its unit, its cadence, the kind of source behind it and the evidence label a value would carry. No values are shown: a programme supplies them under its own authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Tree cover loss<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">hectares per year<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Landsat time-series classification<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Forest area<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">hectares and percent of land area<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">five-yearly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">National forest inventories reported to FAO<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Forest disturbance alerts<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">alerts per square kilometre per week<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">weekly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Optical and radar change detection<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Above-ground biomass<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">tonnes per hectare<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">periodic<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Lidar, radar and inventory plots<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Effective mesh size<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">square kilometres<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">periodic<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Landscape metrics on forest maps<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Burned area<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">hectares per month<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Satellite burned-area products<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Forest loss by driver<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">hectares per year by driver class<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Driver classification of mapped loss<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"indicators\" data-nxf-kind=\"indicator\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/topics\/forest-and-landscapes\/#indicators\" data-nxf-title=\"Indicators\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and evidence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How forests and landscapes is modelled, measured and tested.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"science\" data-au-n=\"1\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"eo-chain\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Earth observation chain<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">How a satellite or sensor record becomes evidence on forests and landscapes, and where each step adds uncertainty.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-au-chain\"><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">01 \u00b7 Acquire<\/span><span>orbit, sensor and revisit<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: gaps from cloud and orbit<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">02 \u00b7 Calibrate<\/span><span>radiometric and geometric<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: sensor drift<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">03 \u00b7 Correct<\/span><span>atmosphere and terrain<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: aerosol and slope assumptions<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">04 \u00b7 Retrieve or classify<\/span><span>the variable or the class<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: model and training error<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">05 \u00b7 Validate<\/span><span>against ground truth<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: sample design and size<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">06 \u00b7 Publish<\/span><span>with error bars and lineage<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: stated, never hidden<\/span><\/li><\/ol><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Processing chain in the CEOS Analysis Ready Data sense; each step records its uncertainty before a figure is drawn. A generic structure, not results.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">FAIR guiding principles \u00b7 GO FAIR and FORCE11<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">W3C PROV \u00b7 World Wide Web Consortium<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Guidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties \u00b7 IPCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">CEOS Analysis Ready Data \u00b7 Committee on Earth Observation Satellites<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where the evidence comes from.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Named public datasets and institutional records, each with its licence class. Sources by agreement are used only under their terms and never republished.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it gives<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Global Forest Watch and Global Forest Change (University of Maryland)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Annual tree cover loss and gain mapped from Landsat<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Country-reported forest area, characteristics and management<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">GLAD and RADD forest disturbance alerts<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Near-real-time disturbance alerts from optical and radar imagery<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">GEDI lidar and ESA <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Initiative biomass<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Forest structure and above-ground biomass estimates<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public domain; free and open<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Intact Forest Landscapes<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Mapped large unfragmented forest areas and their reduction over time<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Copernicus Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Radar and optical imagery for monitoring cloud-prone forests<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">National forest inventories<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Plot measurements of species, size, condition and growth<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Terms per agency<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G05\/topics\/forest-and-landscapes\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Sources\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-decisions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Decisions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who decides, and what the evidence serves.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Biodiversity Nexus prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Who decides<\/th><th scope=\"col\">The question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence this page serves<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Forestry and land-use ministries<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Where to enforce, recognise tenure or restore, and how to report forest reference levels<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Loss, degradation and driver maps with stated accuracy; inventory data<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Competent authorities under deforestation-free supply rules<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Whether a commodity plot was cleared or degraded after the regulatory cut-off date<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Plot-level loss history with alert dates and map accuracy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Commodity buyers and lenders<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Which sourcing regions and clients carry <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\">deforestation<\/a> and conversion risk<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Loss by driver and jurisdiction; fragmentation and fire trends<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Indigenous and community forest governance bodies<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">How to monitor and defend their territories against incursion<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Alerts and loss maps for their lands, held under their own data terms<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-4\">Outputs this topic produces<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Forest loss and degradation maps with accuracy stated<\/li><li>Fragmentation and connectivity layers by landscape<\/li><li>Commodity-driver attribution notes with uncertainty<\/li><li>Evaluation guides for forest protection policies<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-label=\"Core questions, Mechanisms and drivers, Methods and data, Methods\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Core questions, Mechanisms and drivers, Methods and data, Methods\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Core questions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-mechanisms-and-drivers\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Mechanisms and drivers<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Methods and data<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-methods\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Methods<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Core questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What experts ask.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Forest and landscape ecologists work on questions that cross scales from the tree to the region.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Where is forest being cleared or degraded, and what is driving it in each place?<\/li><li>How healthy are remaining forests in the face of drought, heat, pests and changing fire regimes?<\/li><li>How does fragmentation change edge effects, species movement and the risk of fire and invasion?<\/li><li>Which corridors and stepping stones keep landscapes connected as species shift with climate?<\/li><li>How can farmland, plantations and settlements be arranged to retain ecological function?<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-mechanisms-and-drivers\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanisms and drivers<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Area, arrangement and stress.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Clearing removes habitat outright, but degradation through selective logging, grazing, fire and road building often affects larger areas and is harder to see. Fragmentation splits what remains into smaller patches with more edge. Edges are hotter, drier and windier than interiors, and they let in invasive species, hunters and fire. Small patches support smaller populations that are more prone to local extinction, and isolated patches are less likely to be recolonised.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate change<\/a> adds stress from within. Hotter droughts raise <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.forest-dieback\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Widespread tree decline and death from drought, heat, pests or disease.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\">tree mortality<\/a>, warmer winters let some pests survive and spread, and longer dry seasons lengthen fire seasons. In some regions these pressures combine with fragmentation to create a risk that forest gives way to more open vegetation, with consequences for regional rainfall, water supply and carbon storage.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How the evidence is built, and where it stops.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ol class=\"nx-rows\"><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">01<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Satellite forest monitoring<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Optical and radar imagery map clearing and canopy loss consistently over time. Degradation beneath the canopy and in dry forests is harder to detect.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">02<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Landscape metrics<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Patch size, edge density and connectivity are computed with <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/geospatial\/\">geospatial information systems<\/a>. Metrics depend on map resolution and class definitions.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">03<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Forest inventories and plots<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Permanent plots measure growth, mortality and species. They are the reference for satellite estimates but sparse in many regions.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">04<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Connectivity modelling<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Circuit and least-cost models predict movement routes. They rest on assumed resistance values that are rarely validated.<\/p><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-15\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">15<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How it is studied, and what the methods cannot say.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-methods\" data-limits=\"true\"><ol class=\"nx-mledger\" aria-label=\"Methods\"><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/earth-observation\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Earth observation and remote sensing<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Forest loss and disturbance alerts \u00b7 Wetland and mangrove dynamics<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/earth-observation\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Earth observation and remote sensing\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/geospatial\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Geospatial information systems<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Overlap with sensitive biodiversity \u00b7 Connectivity and corridor analysis<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/geospatial\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Geospatial information systems\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/spatial-statistics\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Spatial statistics and geostatistics<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Bias-corrected distribution surfaces \u00b7 Hotspots of change and threat<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/spatial-statistics\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Spatial statistics and geostatistics\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/causal-inference\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Causal inference and impact evaluation<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Protected area effectiveness \u00b7 Restoration and payment programme evaluation<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/causal-inference\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Causal inference and impact evaluation\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/ecology\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Ecology and biodiversity science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Species distribution modelling \u00b7 Population trend and viability analysis<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/ecology\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Ecology and biodiversity science\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/stem\/complex-systems\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Complex systems and agent-based modelling<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Early warning of regime shifts \u00b7 Food-web and co-extinction networks<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/complex-systems\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Complex systems and agent-based modelling\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-limits\" aria-label=\"What the methods cannot say\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the methods cannot say<\/span><p class=\"nx-limits-text\">Tree cover is not forest: plantations, orchards and regrowth can count as tree cover, and maps differ in their definitions. Degradation is harder to see from space than clearance, and biomass estimates carry wide error. Alerts flag possible change for verification, not confirmed loss. Attributing loss to a commodity rests on classification and modelling. Biodiversity Nexus does not certify supply chains or determine compliance; regulators and certification bodies do.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-3\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-label=\"Sources, Questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Sources, Questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Sources<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-17-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-16\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">16<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Where this page&#8217;s references<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-16\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page&#8217;s references lead.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/forest-resources-assessment\/en\/\"><span>Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 (FAO, 2020)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1244693\"><span>Hansen and others, High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change, Science 342 (2013)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2023\/1115\/oj\"><span>Regulation (EU) 2023\/1115 on deforestation-free products, as amended<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-17-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-17\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">17<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-17\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>Why do national forest statistics differ from satellite maps?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">They use different definitions and methods. National statistics follow land use and a legal definition of forest; satellite maps record tree cover. Both are valid for their purpose, and the page labels which is which.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is replanting the same as protecting old forest?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. Young and plantation forests store less carbon, hold fewer species and lack the structure of old forest. Regrowth has value, but it does not compensate for losing intact forest on any short timescale.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can satellites detect selective logging?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Partly. Radar and high-resolution optical imagery can detect canopy gaps and logging roads, but low-intensity degradation is often missed. Field inventory and local monitors fill the gap.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is planting trees the same as restoring forest?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. Plantations of a single species can increase tree cover while supporting little biodiversity. Restoration aims to recover structure, composition and function; see <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/restoration-and-nature-based-solutions\/\">Restoration and nature-based solutions<\/a>.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why does fragmentation matter if total forest area is stable?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Because many species need large, connected interiors. The same area split into many small patches supports fewer species and is more exposed to fire and invasion.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can satellite data identify who is clearing forest?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Satellite data shows where and when change happened. Attributing it to a cause or actor needs additional evidence and is outside what the imagery alone can show.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Biodiversity Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Sector Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Observatory Signal<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/forest-and-landscapes#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. 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