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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n1rg24xe.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"gcri\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> \u00b7 Biotechnology and Biosecurity<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Biotechnology and Biosecurity<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Biotechnology and Biosecurity is a platform of The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the science of responsible biotechnology: how synthetic biology, biomanufacturing, diagnostics and agricultural biotechnology create benefits, and how biological risks, whether natural, accidental or deliberate, can be understood and reduced. It serves life scientists, bioengineers, biosafety experts and biosecurity analysts. The platform is established. Information and enquiries are open today.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/about\/\">Open Mandate and publisher <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/about\/\">About GCRI<\/a><\/div><\/div><dl class=\"nx-scene-stats nx-es-stats\"><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">STEM methods<\/dt><dd>6<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Canonical methods this field applies<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topics<\/dt><dd>8<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Subject pages in the field<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Counterparts<\/dt><dd>3<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Platforms in shared fields across the network<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Report series<\/dt><dd>2<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Reports series it contributes to<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contents<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Biotechnology and Biosecurity in seven parts.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"editorial\"><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\" data-variant=\"contents\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>In this dossier<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">7 parts<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-the-problem\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">The problem<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Powerful tools, shared risks<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-pg-mandate\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Mandate and boundaries<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">What Biotechnology and Biosecurity studies, and the lines it does not cross<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-pg-nexus-couplings\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Across the domains<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Biotechnology reaches every domain<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-pg-reports-and-contributions\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Where biotechnology evidence goes<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-what-the-platform-does\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">What the platform does<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Evidence for responsible biotechnology<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-foundations-and-counterparts\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Foundations and counterparts<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Grounded in the life sciences, read across three institutions<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-status-and-participation\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Status and participation<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Established, open to enquiries<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"food\" aria-label=\"The problem, Monitor, Topics, Simulator\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"The problem, Monitor, Topics, Simulator\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-the-problem\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">The problem<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-3-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Monitor<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-4-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Topics<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-instrument\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Simulator<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-the-problem\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The problem<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Powerful tools, shared risks.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Biology has become an engineering discipline. Tools for reading, writing and editing genetic material have become faster, cheaper and more widely available, and they now underpin vaccines, diagnostics, crop improvement, industrial enzymes and new materials. The same capabilities that let a laboratory design a vaccine in weeks also lower the barriers to misuse, and the same global networks that distribute biological products also distribute pathogens.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Biological risks cascade in distinctive ways. Pathogens replicate, so a small release can grow into a large outbreak. Disease moves between people, animals and the environment, so a problem in a farm, market or ecosystem can become a human health emergency. Outbreaks strain health <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, disrupt supply chains, close borders and reduce trade, and these economic and social effects often last longer than the outbreak itself. Agricultural pests and diseases can spread through food systems with similar dynamics.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Governance has struggled to keep pace. Oversight was designed around particular organisms, institutions and countries, while research is increasingly distributed, digital and commercial. Biosafety practice, which protects people from accidental exposure, and biosecurity, which protects materials and knowledge from misuse, must both adapt.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-3-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Monitor<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Oversight and capacity register.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The screen a team would use to follow this field: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-biosec-oversight\" data-cx=\"biosec.oversight\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Oversight and capacity register: illustrative console with example names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Oversight and capacity register<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">National committee \u00b7 Review year 2<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure&#8217;s values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><ul class=\"nx-fk-kpis\" data-n=\"4\"><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Institutions with a committee, %<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k0\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">88<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Watch<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k0\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,23L10.2,22.5L18.4,15.7L26.5,7.6L34.7,8.1L42.9,15.5L51.1,8.7L59.3,17L67.5,16.9L75.6,9.4L83.8,9.2L92,3L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,23L10.2,22.5L18.4,15.7L26.5,7.6L34.7,8.1L42.9,15.5L51.1,8.7L59.3,17L67.5,16.9L75.6,9.4L83.8,9.2L92,3\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"3\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Staff trained, %<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k1\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">79<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Normal<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k1\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,21L10.2,17.7L18.4,10.3L26.5,3L34.7,11.7L42.9,13.5L51.1,5.9L59.3,10.1L67.5,6.5L75.6,14.3L83.8,23L92,4.2L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,21L10.2,17.7L18.4,10.3L26.5,3L34.7,11.7L42.9,13.5L51.1,5.9L59.3,10.1L67.5,6.5L75.6,14.3L83.8,23L92,4.2\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"4.2\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Reviews completed<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k2\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">34<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-u\">this year<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k2\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,17.2L10.2,11.7L18.4,14.4L26.5,18.3L34.7,16.7L42.9,12.1L51.1,14.1L59.3,14.7L67.5,15.5L75.6,18.1L83.8,23L92,3L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,17.2L10.2,11.7L18.4,14.4L26.5,18.3L34.7,16.7L42.9,12.1L51.1,14.1L59.3,14.7L67.5,15.5L75.6,18.1L83.8,23L92,3\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"3\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><li class=\"nx-fk-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-l\">Incident reports filed<\/span><div class=\"nx-fk-kpi-line\" data-fk-view=\"kpi:k3\"><span class=\"nx-fk-kpi-v\" data-k=\"kv\" data-tn=\"true\">5<\/span><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"info\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Info<\/span><\/div><div data-fk-view=\"spark:k3\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-spark\" viewBox=\"0 0 96 26\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\"><path data-m=\"sarea\" data-k=\"sa\" d=\"M2,14.8L10.2,13.7L18.4,15L26.5,12.9L34.7,11L42.9,13.8L51.1,12.8L59.3,17L67.5,21.9L75.6,17.9L83.8,23L92,3L92,26L2,26Z\"\/><path data-m=\"sline\" data-k=\"sl\" d=\"M2,14.8L10.2,13.7L18.4,15L26.5,12.9L34.7,11L42.9,13.8L51.1,12.8L59.3,17L67.5,21.9L75.6,17.9L83.8,23L92,3\"\/><circle data-m=\"sdot\" data-k=\"sd\" cx=\"92\" cy=\"3\" r=\"2.4\"\/><\/svg><\/div><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"info\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Capacity and oversight only<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GCRI \u00b7 Biotechnology and Biosecurity<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"4\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Institutional oversight<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-biosec-oversight-t1\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-biosec-oversight-t1\" aria-label=\"Institutional oversight\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Institution<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Committee<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">Last audit<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">Training (%)<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c4\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c4\">State<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biosec-oversight:r1-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Institution A<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Active<\/span><\/td><td>Q4<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"83\">83<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Current<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biosec-oversight:r1-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Research campus<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Active<\/span><\/td><td>Q1<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"87\">87<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Audit due<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biosec-oversight:r1-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Biomanufacturing site<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Forming<\/span><\/td><td>none<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"67\">67<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Support<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-biosec-oversight:r1-3\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Diagnostic network<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Active<\/span><\/td><td>Q3<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"92\">92<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Current<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"2\" data-t=\"kv\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Scope note<\/h4><\/div><\/div><dl class=\"nx-fk-dl\"><div><dt>Covers<\/dt><dd>governance, training, review capacity<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Excludes<\/dt><dd>technical methods and agents<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Authority<\/dt><dd>national oversight body<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Label<\/dt><dd><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"info\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>SURVEY<\/span><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Oversight and capacity register: the screen&#8217;s structure, terms and states for National committee.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-4-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topics<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The questions this field works on.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cards\" data-cols=\"3\"><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/topics\/synthetic-biology\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Synthetic biology<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Design-build-test biology and safeguards.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/topics\/biomanufacturing\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Biomanufacturing<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Industrial biology and production systems.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/topics\/diagnostics-and-therapeutics\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Diagnostics and therapeutics<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Health innovation and evaluation.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/topics\/agricultural-biotechnology\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Agricultural biotechnology<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Food system applications and environmental effects.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/topics\/biological-threats\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Biological threats<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Accidental, natural and deliberate biological risks.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/topics\/lab-biosafety-and-biosecurity\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Lab biosafety and biosecurity<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Research environment controls and governance.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/topics\/one-health-impacts\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">One health impacts<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Cross-species and environmental factors.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/topics\/dual-use-and-ethics\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Dual use and ethics<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Responsible research and escalation.<\/p><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-instrument\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"health\" data-ns-layout=\"es-wide\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">SEIR on a network of places.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">An outbreak seeded in one place spreads through a small-world network by the share of contacts people make elsewhere; play it to see the order of arrival and how the timing of measures moves the peak. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows West Africa; the model itself is not tied to a place.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-in nx-fk\" id=\"nx-in-biotechnology-biosecurity-0\" data-nxi=\"seir\" data-nxi-id=\"seir\" data-nxi-z=\"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\" aria-label=\"SEIR on a network of places\"><div class=\"nx-in-body\"><div class=\"nx-in-main\"><div class=\"nx-in-tabs\" data-nxi-tabs=\"true\" aria-label=\"Views of the model\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"result\">Result<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"net\">Network<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"fan\">Uncertainty<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"tornado\">Sensitivity<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"loops\">Loops<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-stage\" id=\"nx-in-biotechnology-biosecurity-0-stage\" data-nxi-stage=\"true\" data-view=\"result\"><svg class=\"nx-in-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 720 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Epidemic curve\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-in-tip\" data-nxi-tip=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><div class=\"nx-in-bar\" data-nxi-bar=\"true\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Play over time\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-prev=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step back\">&#8249;<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-play=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Play<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-next=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step forward\">&#8250;<\/button><span class=\"nx-in-step\" data-nxi-step=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-side\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><div class=\"nx-in-ctl\" data-nxi-ctl=\"true\"><dl class=\"nx-in-pv\"><div><dt>Basic reproduction number R0<\/dt><dd>2.5<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Latent period<\/dt><dd>3.0 days<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Infectious period<\/dt><dd>5.0 days<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Share of contacts made in other places<\/dt><dd>8%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Places in the network<\/dt><dd>24<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Measures start on day<\/dt><dd>40<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Contact reduction from measures<\/dt><dd>40%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Days simulated<\/dt><dd>240 days<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Readouts<\/p><dl class=\"nx-in-out\" data-nxi-out=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><div><dt>Peak new infections<\/dt><dd>5.34 per 1,000 a day<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Day of the peak<\/dt><dd>156<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Share ever infected<\/dt><dd>57%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Places reached<\/dt><dd>100%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Reproduction number under measures<\/dt><dd>1.50<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><details class=\"nx-in-more\"><summary>Numbers, methods and sources<\/summary><div class=\"nx-in-more-in\"><div class=\"nx-in-tblw\" data-nxi-table=\"true\"><table class=\"nx-in-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Day<\/th><th scope=\"col\">New infections per 1,000<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cumulative infected (%)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">0<\/th><td>0.00<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">17<\/th><td>0.02<\/td><td>0.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">34<\/th><td>0.17<\/td><td>0.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">51<\/th><td>0.52<\/td><td>0.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">68<\/th><td>1.04<\/td><td>2.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">85<\/th><td>1.84<\/td><td>4.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">102<\/th><td>2.83<\/td><td>8.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">119<\/th><td>3.88<\/td><td>14.3<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">136<\/th><td>4.81<\/td><td>21.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">153<\/th><td>5.32<\/td><td>30.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">170<\/th><td>5.06<\/td><td>39.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">187<\/th><td>3.99<\/td><td>47.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">204<\/th><td>2.54<\/td><td>52.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">221<\/th><td>1.33<\/td><td>55.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">238<\/th><td>0.61<\/td><td>57.3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-csv=\"true\" hidden>Download the numbers (CSV)<\/button><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Methods<\/h4><ol class=\"nx-in-meth\"><li>SEIR compartments <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Kermack and McKendrick (1927), Proc. R. Soc. A 115<\/span><\/li><li>Metapopulation coupling by mobility <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Balcan and others (2009), PNAS 106<\/span><\/li><li>Small-world network <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Watts and Strogatz (1998), Nature 393<\/span><\/li><li>Modelling infectious diseases <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Keeling and Rohani (2008), Princeton University Press<\/span><\/li><li>Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333<\/span><\/li><li>One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley<\/span><\/li><\/ol><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Data<\/h4><p class=\"nx-p\">The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page&#8217;s map can draw:<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-src\"><li>Cities <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Airports <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Major roads <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\">SEIR on a network of places. Illustrative teaching model: it runs on the values set by the controls, not on measured data. Methods: SEIR compartments (Kermack and McKendrick (1927), Proc. R. Soc. A 115); Metapopulation coupling by mobility (Balcan and others (2009), PNAS 106); Small-world network (Watts and Strogatz (1998), Nature 393).<\/figcaption><div class=\"nx-in-pls\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-pl\" aria-label=\"Where this instrument connects across the pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Experiments<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Built in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/foundry\/\">Biotechnology and Biosecurity in Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Tested at<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/universe\/\">Biotechnology and Biosecurity in Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Codified in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/\">Health and Biosecurity in Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Published in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/reports\/\">Biotechnology and Biosecurity in Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Taught in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/health-society\/\">Faculty of Health and Society in Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><span class=\"nx-in-keep\" hidden><i data-c=\"c1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c4\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c6\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"h3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"neg\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"0\"><\/i><i data-l=\"1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"2\"><\/i><i data-l=\"3\"><\/i><i data-l=\"4\"><\/i><i data-l=\"5\"><\/i><i data-on=\"0\"><\/i><i data-on=\"1\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"p\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"n\"><\/i><i data-k=\"R\"><\/i><i data-k=\"B\"><\/i><i data-k=\"dash\"><\/i><i data-dash=\"true\"><\/i><i data-view=\"result\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"on\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"off\"><\/i><i class=\"nx-in-svg nx-in-grid nx-in-ax nx-in-tk nx-in-at nx-in-ln nx-in-band nx-in-lbl nx-in-lk nx-in-ref nx-in-reft nx-in-mk nx-in-x nx-in-rect nx-in-val nx-in-rowl nx-in-cl nx-in-arrow nx-in-pol nx-in-cln nx-in-loop nx-in-edge nx-in-node nx-in-nl nx-in-reach nx-in-trib nx-in-agent nx-in-flow nx-in-legend nx-in-sw nx-in-note nx-in-loops nx-in-3d nx-in-cv nx-in-field nx-in-fl nx-in-fv nx-in-range nx-in-btn nx-in-err nx-in-tbl nx-in-cite\"><\/i><\/span><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"food\" aria-label=\"Mandate and boundaries, Twin and cascade simulator, Across the domains\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Mandate and boundaries, Twin and cascade simulator, Across the domains\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-mandate\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Mandate and boundaries<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-twin\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-nexus-couplings\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Across the domains<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-mandate\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mandate and boundaries<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What Biotechnology and Biosecurity studies, and the lines it does not cross.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Biotechnology and Biosecurity, studies how life-science tools create benefits and risks, and how biosafety and biosecurity are governed. It conducts no hazardous research, publishes no information that would enable misuse, and assesses no laboratory as an authority; national biosafety authorities and institutional committees decide.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Examples here are general mechanisms. Dual-use concerns are handled by restricting detail, not by describing it carefully.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"health\" data-span=\"wide\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Model Biotechnology and Biosecurity as a system. Run the cascade.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Assembled from the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> area profile <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/biological-hazard-standards\/\">Biological hazard standards<\/a>: the hazards it names, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/system-builder\/\">System Builder<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-es-home-G-P13\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h40\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.bloodborne.hiv-epidemic\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Blood-borne and sexually transmitted infection\" data-td=\"Sustained HIV transmission that, untreated, destroys immunity, driven by gaps in access, stigma and exclusion of key populations.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H40\" data-tr=\"draft\">HIV epidemic<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/biological-hazard-standards\/\">Biological hazard standards<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/health-risk-standards\/\">Health risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/food-risk-standards\/\">Food and agriculture risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/biodiversity-risk-standards\/\">Biodiversity and nature risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Common driver<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/health-security-and-one-health\/\">Health security and One Health<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Mechanism<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-0<\/code> Constitution and principles<\/li><li><code>NS-3<\/code> Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)<\/li><li><code>NS-11<\/code> Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H41<\/code> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 hazard-family\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A group of hazards in the Nexus Hazard Standard that share a process, medium or system role, giving a stable middle level between domain and individual hazard.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Hazard family<\/a>: Animal-to-human spillover (NHS-1 health.zoonotic)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H44<\/code> Hazard family: Plant disease and pests (NHS-1 health.plant-health)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H43<\/code> Hazard family: Livestock and aquaculture epizootics (NHS-1 health.animal-health)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H35<\/code> Hazard family: Airborne and respiratory infection (NHS-1 health.respiratory)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H40<\/code> Hazard family: Blood-borne and sexually transmitted infection (NHS-1 health.bloodborne)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H60<\/code> Hazard family: Supply-chain and flow disruption (NHS-1 sys.supply-chain)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>WHO Disease Outbreak News (listed for reference)<\/li><li>WAHIS animal health events (listed for reference)<\/li><li>GBIF occurrence API and downloads (listed for reference)<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/international-health-regulations-alignment\/\">International Health Regulations<\/a> capacity and health emergency preparedness<\/li><li>Proportion of countries adopting relevant national legislation and adequately resourcing the prevention or control of invasive alien species<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Example geography<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>West Africa: 59 hexagonal cells<\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band), NASA GIBS<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-nexus-couplings\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" data-variant=\"inset\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the domains<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Biotechnology reaches every domain.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><ul class=\"nx-dir\" data-cols=\"2\" aria-label=\"Domain\"><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Water<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Biological treatment and monitoring are used in water and wastewater systems.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Energy<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Bio-based fuels and materials link biotechnology to energy.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Food<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Crop breeding and biological inputs change agriculture and its biosafety questions.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Health<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Vaccines, diagnostics and therapeutics are the most direct health applications.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Biodiversity<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Gene drives and engineered organisms raise questions for ecosystems.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-signature\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sector signature<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The sector signature of Biotechnology and Biosecurity.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The sectors Biotechnology and Biosecurity touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig\" data-nx-sig=\"WIFH\" data-sig-name=\"Health and its partners\" data-sig-line=\"Health gives workforce for operations to infrastructure (0.3), farm labour to food (0.3) and utility workforce to water (0.2).\" data-sig-inst=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-plate\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Signatures in context\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span>Select corners \u00b7 hover lines<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">6 \/ 15 relations<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sector signature hexagon: Water, Infrastructure, Food and Health selected, 6 of 15 relations in play, coupling 0.42. Teaching values.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Signature<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Health and its partners<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Health gives workforce for operations to infrastructure (0.3), farm labour to food (0.3) and utility workforce to water (0.2).<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>W<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">E<\/span> \u00b7 <span>I<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>H<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">B<\/span><\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Sectors<\/dt><dd><strong>4<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Relations<\/dt><dd><strong>6<\/strong> <small>of 15<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coupling<\/dt><dd><strong>0.42<\/strong> <small>share of total<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><h3 class=\"nx-nsig-dh\">Strongest relations in play<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-nsig-rel\"><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Food<\/b> \u00b7 irrigation<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.8<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Food \u2192 Health<\/b> \u00b7 nutrition<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"7\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.7<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Infrastructure \u2192 Water<\/b> \u00b7 pipes, dams and treatment works<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"6\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.6<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Health<\/b> \u00b7 drinking water and sanitation<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"7\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.7<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"all\">Select all<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-sig-act=\"copy\">Copy signature<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements for any place. Coupling is the summed strength of the relations in play, as a share of all fifteen.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-and-contributions\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"food\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where biotechnology evidence goes.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Governance and capability studies are designed for the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/series\/exponential-technology\/\">Exponential Technology series<\/a>. Biosafety records would follow the restricted handling classes of the proposed <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ecosystem\/standards\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a>.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Biosafety professionals can contribute governance reviews.<\/li><li>Researchers can share responsible-innovation case studies.<\/li><li>Anyone can raise a biosecurity concern about GCRI work through the integrity address.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and evidence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How Biotechnology and Biosecurity is modelled, measured and tested.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"science\" data-au-n=\"2\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"uncertainty-band\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Uncertainty bands<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">How far the outlook for Biotechnology and Biosecurity could spread, shown as ranges rather than a single line.<\/p><div class=\"nx-au-fig\"><svg class=\"nx-au-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 560 240\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Central estimate with likely and very likely ranges for Biotechnology and Biosecurity\" focusable=\"false\"><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"46\" y1=\"206\" x2=\"544\" y2=\"206\"\/><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"46\" y1=\"18\" x2=\"46\" y2=\"206\"\/><path class=\"nx-au-band nx-au-band-w\" d=\"M46 142.1l83-18.8 83-18.8 83-22.6 83-20.7 83-18.8 83-18.8 0 124.1-83 0-83 0-83 1.9-83 3.8-83 0-83 3.7z\"\/><path class=\"nx-au-band\" d=\"M46 145.8l83-15 83-13.2 83-16.9 83-15 83-13.2 83-13.1 0 52.6-83 5.6-83 5.7-83 7.5-83 9.4-83 5.6-83 7.6z\"\/><path class=\"nx-au-ac\" d=\"M46 149.6l83-11.3 83-9.4 83-13.1 83-11.3 83-9.4 83-9.4\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"46\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Now<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"129\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+5<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"212\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+10<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"295\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+15<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"378\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+20<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"461\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+25<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"544\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+30 y<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"40\" y=\"36.8\" text-anchor=\"end\">high<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"40\" y=\"187.2\" text-anchor=\"end\">low<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"540\" y=\"17.64\" text-anchor=\"end\">very likely range<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"540\" y=\"73.36\" text-anchor=\"end\">likely range<\/text><\/svg><\/div><dl class=\"nx-au-kv\"><div><dt>Central estimate<\/dt><dd>median of the ensemble<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Ranges<\/dt><dd>likely and very likely, in IPCC calibrated language<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Ensemble<\/dt><dd>members, scenarios and initial conditions stated<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Read with<\/dt><dd>the sensitivity of the result to each input<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Illustrative ensemble spread on an index scale; the form follows IPCC uncertainty guidance. Not a projection.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"system-model\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">System model<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">The couplings between the systems in Biotechnology and Biosecurity: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.<\/p><div class=\"nx-au-fig\"><svg class=\"nx-au-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 560 250\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Causal loop diagram of Health, Food, Communities, Economy\" focusable=\"false\"><line class=\"nx-au-ac\" x1=\"280\" y1=\"32\" x2=\"404.7\" y2=\"118\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"342.35\" y=\"71\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"404.7\" y1=\"118\" x2=\"280\" y2=\"204\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"342.35\" y=\"157\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"280\" y1=\"204\" x2=\"155.3\" y2=\"118\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"217.65\" y=\"157\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u2212<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"155.3\" y1=\"118\" x2=\"280\" y2=\"32\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"217.65\" y=\"71\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd nx-au-nd-ac\" cx=\"280.0\" cy=\"32.0\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"20\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Health<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd nx-au-nd-ac\" cx=\"404.7\" cy=\"118.0\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"416.7\" y=\"122\" text-anchor=\"start\">Food<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"280.0\" cy=\"204.0\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"192\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Communities<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"155.3\" cy=\"118.0\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"143.3\" y=\"136\" text-anchor=\"end\">Economy<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"114\" text-anchor=\"middle\">R  reinforcing<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"280\" y=\"132\" text-anchor=\"middle\">B  balancing<\/text><\/svg><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Causal loop diagram from the page&#8217;s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">FAIR guiding principles \u00b7 GO FAIR and FORCE11<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">W3C PROV \u00b7 World Wide Web Consortium<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Guidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties \u00b7 IPCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">CEOS Analysis Ready Data \u00b7 Committee on Earth Observation Satellites<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-what-the-platform-does\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"food\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the platform does<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Evidence for responsible biotechnology.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Biotechnology and Biosecurity is designed for life scientists, bioengineers, biosafety experts and biosecurity analysts who need shared, rigorous methods for evaluating technologies and governing risk.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M8 3H2v15h7c1.7 0 3 1.3 3 3V7c0-2.2-1.8-4-4-4Z\"\/><path d=\"m16 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><path d=\"M22 6V3h-6c-2.2 0-4 1.8-4 4v14c0-1.7 1.3-3 3-3h7v-2.3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Primers<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Biosecurity method primers<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Introductions to bioassurance, laboratory governance and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk assessment<\/a> methods, with their limits.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M6 18h8\"\/><path d=\"M3 22h18\"\/><path d=\"M14 22a7 7 0 1 0 0-14h-1\"\/><path d=\"M9 14h2\"\/><path d=\"M9 12a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6h6v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2Z\"\/><path d=\"M12 6V3a1 1 0 0 0-1-1H9a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Cases<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Biotechnology case studies<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Evaluations of how technologies have developed, been governed and been used, drawn from the public record.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M20 13c0 5-3.5 7.5-7.66 8.95a1 1 0 0 1-.67-.01C7.5 20.5 4 18 4 13V6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1c2 0 4.5-1.2 6.24-2.72a1.17 1.17 0 0 1 1.52 0C14.51 3.81 17 5 19 5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1z\"\/><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Practice<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Responsible research and development<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Evidence on practices that let research proceed while reducing risk, for institutions to adapt under their own rules.<\/p><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">The platform works at the level of governance, evaluation and risk methods. It publishes no protocols, techniques or information that would increase anyone&#8217;s capacity to cause harm. GCRI is not a health-service provider or clinical authority, and it does not regulate, certify, license or approve.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-geography\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Environmental exposure in West Africa.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Daytime surface heat, population density and haze over West Africa, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"west-africa:health\" data-ml-feeds=\"eonet|https:\/\/eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/v3\/events\" data-ml-src=\"health\" data-ml-plan=\"p-0c368ba5\" data-ml-view=\"2d\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:health\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.health.lstd gibs.health.people gibs.health.aod gibs.water.true gibs.health.no2 gibs.food.cover ev.eonet r.tropomi r.dist f.aq r.hls r.tempo r.dust r.so2\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect measure aoi export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-health\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-health\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"-18,3.5,16,17\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"Environmental exposure, West Africa: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"lstd||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Surface heat<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"people||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Population<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"aod||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Haze<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"true||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">True colour<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">3<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">Environmental exposure, for this page<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"lstd\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Land temperature, day\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite 8-day composite; persistent cloud still leaves gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"lstd\">14 Sep 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"\u00b0C\">Observed (persistent cloud still leaves gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"lstd\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.lstd\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (persistent cloud still leaves gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>8-day; Satellite 8-day composite; persistent cloud still leaves gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-09-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite skin temperature of the ground over the 8 days ending on the date shown, a heat exposure indicator; not air temperature, heat index or a heat warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"people\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Population density\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)\" data-wm-kind=\"Census-based estimate, static (2020)\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Population density, 2020<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University) Gridded Population of the World v4.11 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"estimated\" data-wm-lic=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-wm-unit=\"people\/km\u00b2\">Estimated<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"people\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.people\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Estimated<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University))<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>null; Census-based estimate, static (2020)<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Census-based estimate of people per square kilometre in 2020, shown as exposure context; not a count of people affected by any hazard.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"aod\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Haze (aerosol)\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite retrieval; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Aerosol optical depth, daily<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 Deep Blue AOD \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"aod\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"AOD\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"aod\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.aod\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 Deep Blue AOD (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite retrieval; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite measure of haze, smoke and dust through the whole air column on the day shown; an exposure indicator, not ground-level PM2.5, an air quality index or a health warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"4\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.6\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite image\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">True colour<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"true\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.true\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite image<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"no2\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"24\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Nitrogen dioxide\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA GES DISC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite retrieval; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Nitrogen dioxide, lower atmosphere column<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA GES DISC OMI Aura \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"no2\">10 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"10\u00b9\u2075 molecules\/cm\u00b2\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"no2\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.no2\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>OMI Aura (NASA GES DISC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA GES DISC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite retrieval; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-10<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite column of nitrogen dioxide in the lower atmosphere on the day shown, mostly from combustion; not a ground-level concentration or a health warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"cover\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"25\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.7\" data-wm-short=\"Land cover\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land cover type (IGBP), yearly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"class\">Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"cover\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.cover\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2024-01-01<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" aria-label=\"Map controls\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-open\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-panel\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Layers\" title=\"Layers\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2.5l-6.5 3.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5zm-6.5 6.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5m-13 2.8 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"tools\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" title=\"Expert tools\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 4.5l10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-7.5-8.5 0 3m5 .5 0 3m-3.5.5 0 3\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-sep\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"in\" aria-label=\"Zoom in\" title=\"Zoom in\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 3v10M3 8h10\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"out\" aria-label=\"Zoom out\" title=\"Zoom out\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 8h10\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"reset\" aria-label=\"Reset the view\" title=\"Reset the view\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.2 8a4.8 4.8 0 1 0 1.5-3.5M3.2 2.6v2.6h2.6\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"full\" aria-label=\"Full screen\" title=\"Full screen\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M2.5 6l0-3.5 3.5 0m7.5 3.5 0-3.5-3.5 0m-7.5 7.5 0 3.5 3.5 0m7.5-3.5 0 3.5-3.5 0\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-menu\" id=\"nx-wm-menu\" role=\"menu\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"inspect\">Inspect a point<kbd>I<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"measure\">Measure distance<kbd>M<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"share\">Copy a link to this view<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"png\">Export as PNG with credits<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"xt\" data-wm-xt=\"NxAjSJ6JoGGZsXu22d+kvA4nR9AJ6Njy+\/Xy2FIyELw=\">More expert tools<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\">Keyboard shortcuts<kbd>?<\/kbd><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-keys\" role=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Keyboard shortcuts\" hidden><p class=\"nx-wm-keys-title\">Keyboard, with the map focused<\/p><dl class=\"nx-wm-keys-list\"><\/dl><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-keys-close\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\" aria-label=\"Close the shortcuts\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-hint\" hidden>Hold Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll to zoom<\/p><p class=\"nx-wm-toolbar\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-tip\" role=\"tooltip\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin\" hidden><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-pin-title\"><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"unpin\" aria-label=\"Close the card\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-chart\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-body\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-dock\"><div class=\"nx-wm-time\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Imagery date\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"prev\" aria-label=\"One day earlier\">\u2039<\/button><p class=\"nx-wm-time-label\">Latest available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Environmental exposure, framed on West Africa.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET \u00b7 ESA Copernicus Sentinel-5P TROPOMI \u00b7 NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.water-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"sedac.gpw-v4\">Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7927\/H49C6VHW\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.7927\/H49C6VHW<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.modis-viirs.atmosphere\">MODIS and VIIRS atmosphere products, NASA LANCE and LAADS DAAC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gesdisc.aura-omi-omps\">OMI nitrogen dioxide (Aura) and OMPS aerosol index (Suomi NPP), NASA; distributed by the NASA GES DISC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.modis-viirs.land\">MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li><\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Observed (EO): ESA Copernicus Sentinel-5P TROPOMI (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>Air quality forecast, 5 days, PM2.5 (CAMS via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information 2026.<\/li><li>Past year, daily temperature (ERA5 via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information 2026.<\/li><li>Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https:\/\/open-meteo.com\/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/).<\/li><li>Optional layers (14 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite: VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"lstd\">14 Sep 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/li><li>Aerosol optical depth, daily: VIIRS NOAA-20 Deep Blue AOD, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"aod\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Nitrogen dioxide, lower atmosphere column: OMI Aura, NASA GES DISC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"no2\">10 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-3\" data-hue=\"food\" aria-label=\"Foundations and counterparts, Status and participation, Sources\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Foundations and counterparts, Status and participation, Sources\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-foundations-and-counterparts\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Foundations and counterparts<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-status-and-participation\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Status and participation<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Sources<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-foundations-and-counterparts\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" data-variant=\"inset\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Foundations and counterparts<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Grounded in the life sciences, read across three institutions.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">The platform stewards two methods in the STEM Commons, <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/stem\/life-sciences\/\">molecular and life sciences<\/a> and biotechnology platforms, and applies epidemiology and public health science, probability and statistics, agricultural, soil and food science and process and industrial safety engineering. Each is described with its assumptions on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/stem\/\">the STEM foundation of Biotechnology and Biosecurity<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Inside Foundry, it works with the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s20\" data-tc=\"NXS-LAB\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Research, experiments and simulations\" data-ts=\"NRS-S20\">NXS-LAB (research, experiments and simulations)<\/a>, The Global Risks Index (<a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s6\" data-tc=\"NXS-GRX\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Canonical data, provenance and risk\" data-ts=\"NRS-S6\">NXS-GRX<\/a>) and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s13\" data-tc=\"NXS-NSF\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Trust, authorization and assurance\" data-ts=\"NRS-S13\">NXS-NSF (trust, authorisation and assurance)<\/a> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. Its findings are designed for the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/series\/exponential-technology\/\">Exponential Technology<\/a> and Evidence Brief report series, and a biosecurity readiness drill is its planned theme in the annual <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> programme.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Its counterparts look at the same field through other mandates: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/health-biosecurity-governance\/\">Health and Biosecurity Governance at The Global Risks Forum (GRF)<\/a> convenes the institutions that govern health security, Climate and Nature Governance at The Global Risks Forum (GRF) convenes those that govern food and nature, and Insurance Nexus at The Global Risks Alliance (GRA) builds shared industry understanding of health and pandemic risk in insurance. At GCRI, <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/\">Health Nexus<\/a> and Food Nexus study the wider systems. All are listed on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/counterparts\/\">counterparts across the Consortium<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-status-and-participation\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"health\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-15\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">15<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Status and participation<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Established, open to enquiries.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Biotechnology and Biosecurity is an established platform: its scope and methods are published, and its activities, records and services appear here as each one opens. Scientists, biosafety professionals and policy researchers can contribute evidence, case studies and review.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Read the scope of the field on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/field\/\">the field overview<\/a> and dependencies and consequences.<\/li><li>Propose a contribution through <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/participate\/\">participation paths<\/a>.<\/li><li>Follow method development on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/research\/methods\/\">methods and uncertainty<\/a>.<\/li><li>Report an error or a concern through <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/trust\/corrections\/\">corrections and concerns<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-16\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">16<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-16\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page&#8217;s references lead.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/disarmament.unoda.org\/en\/our-work\/weapons-mass-destruction\/biological-weapons\"><span>Biological Weapons Convention (1972; UN Office for Disarmament Affairs)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240056107\"><span>WHO Global guidance framework for the responsible use of the life sciences (WHO, 2022)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240011311\"><span>WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual, fourth edition (WHO, 2020)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/71293.html\"><span>ISO 35001:2019 Biorisk management for laboratories and other related organisations (ISO)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\"><span>Nexus Standards, the proposed NS series (nexustandards.com)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-4\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-label=\"Pages, Connected, Questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Pages, Connected, Questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-17-sec\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Pages<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-18-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Connected<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-19-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-s-17-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-17\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">17<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Pages<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-17\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Pages in Biotechnology and Biosecurity.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cards\" data-cols=\"3\"><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/about\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Mandate and publisher<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/field\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Field overview<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/research\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Research and evidence<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/innovation\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Innovation and practical technology<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/programmes\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Programmes and projects<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/tools\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Data and technical methods<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/community\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Specialist community<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/learning\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Learning and professional development<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/events\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Events and technical dialogues<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/publications\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Research and publications<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/participate\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Participation paths<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Contact the specialist team<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/trust\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Trust, rights and status<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/stem\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">STEM foundation of Biotechnology and Biosecurity<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/cycle\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">How work moves in this field<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/foundry\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Build in Foundry<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/universe\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Test in Universe<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/reports\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Publish in Reports<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/counterparts\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">The same field across the Consortium<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/topics\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Topics<\/h3><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-18-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-18\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">18<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connected<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-18\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page leads across the Consortium.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/fields\/health\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Field gateway<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Health and biosecurity<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/fields\/food\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Field gateway<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Food and agriculture<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-19-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-19\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">19<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-19\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>Who publishes Biotechnology and Biosecurity?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) publishes the platform and answers for its content. GCRI is a research, development and policy institution; it is not a regulator, and it does not certify, license or approve.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does the platform provide clinical or medical advice?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. It is a research and biosafety practice platform, not a health-service provider or clinical authority.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Will the platform publish sensitive technical information?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. The platform works at the level of governance, evaluation and risk methods. It publishes no protocols, techniques or information that would increase anyone&#8217;s capacity to cause harm.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is the platform active?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Biotechnology and Biosecurity is an established platform: its scope and methods are published, and its activities, records and services appear here as each one opens. Information and enquiries are open today.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How can I contribute?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Start with <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/participate\/\">the participation paths<\/a> or write to the contact form. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; it does not create a role or an assignment.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"food\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Biotechnology and Biosecurity<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Exponential Technology<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Evidence Brief<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/biotechnology-biosecurity#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scn-h-g-p13\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">How it works<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-scn-h-g-p13\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">How Biotechnology and Biosecurity works.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede nx-mt-2\">Choose a view and press Play to follow the platform&#8217;s process, its programme year, the standards it applies and how its findings are published. The outline shows how the work is designed to run, not the status of any decision.<\/p><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><div class=\"nx-pe\" id=\"nx-pe-g-p13\" data-nx-pe=\"nx-pe-g-p13\" data-active=\"platforms\"><div class=\"nx-pe-shell\"><p class=\"nx-pe-eb\">Biotechnology and Biosecurity<\/p><h2 class=\"nx-pe-title\">How Biotechnology and Biosecurity works<\/h2><p class=\"nx-pe-others\"><span aria-current=\"true\">Platforms<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Programme year<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Standards<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Reports<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-pe-cap\">A platform joins a field to named methods, labelled evidence and the outputs it publishes, without becoming the authority it serves.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pe-steps\"><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">01 Scope<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Field and families<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Start \u00b7 The platform lead<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The home states the field, its families and who it serves.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Topic dossiers<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 Platform authors<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Topics explain the subject with labelled evidence.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">02 Evidence<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Evidence labels<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Each value is labelled: observed, published statistics, estimated, modelled, scenario or unknown.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 Method owners<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Methods come from the STEM Commons, each with one canonical page.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">03 Work<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Scenarios on the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Model \u00b7 Foundry pillar<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Scenarios run on the Nexus systems, labelled as scenario.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Standards that apply<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The platform names the standards that apply. A validator report is evidence for review.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">04 Publish<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Editions<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Findings are published through Reports with their limits.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Authority decides<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Outcome \u00b7 The competent authority<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Decisions and execution stay with the government, operator or licensed institution.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-pe-foot\"><span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Biotechnology and Biosecurity home<\/a> \u00b7 Platforms \u00b7 Shared methods<\/span><span>An outline of how the work is designed to run; it does not report the status of any decision or record.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity\" data-nx-takepart=\"GCRI\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Take part<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-h\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Take part in Biotechnology and Biosecurity.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede nx-mt-2\">Start from who you are. Answer an open call. Or form and lead a competence cell on the Biotechnology and Biosecurity platform.<\/p><div class=\"nx-mt-3\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"routes\"><div class=\"nx-tablist\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Ways to take part\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-tab-routes\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-panel-routes\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"routes\">Routes<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-tab-calls\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-panel-calls\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"calls\">Open calls<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-tab-cell\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-panel-cell\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"cell\">Cells and CERTs<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-tab-index\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-panel-index\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"index\">The Index<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-panel-routes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-tab-routes\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">National institutions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Ministries, statistics offices and agencies: a national desk and chapter, and a seat in the working groups. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/national-chapters\/\">National chapters<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Sectors and professions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Operators, regulators, banks, insurers and professional bodies whose work touches Biotechnology and Biosecurity. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/participate\/\">Participate<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Learning<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Courses and practice, with a record of every course completed. Free to study. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/open-learning\/\">Open learning<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Standards<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Draft, review and adopt the methods and data standards with the working groups. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/working-groups\/\">Working groups<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Communities and research<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Universities, civil society and individual experts: projects, data and review. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/contact\/\">Write to the team<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-panel-calls\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-tab-calls\" hidden><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-nx-calls=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Open call<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Seeks<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Closes<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-closes=\"2026-12-15\"><td>Founding call for experts to the working groups <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-FOUNDING-EXPERTS<\/span><\/td><td>expert, editor, chair<\/td><td>2026-12-15<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2026-12-01\"><td>Open nomination for the three independent expert seats of the Global Standards Council <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-GSC-IND<\/span><\/td><td>council-member<\/td><td>2026-12-01<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2026-12-15\"><td>Nominations of interim regional members (applies only if the transitional provision is decided) <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-GSC-REG<\/span><\/td><td>council-member<\/td><td>2026-12-15<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-01-31\"><td>Review of the wave-1 risk core outlines (C1, C2, C3, C4, C8, C10, C11) <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-REVIEW-WAVE1<\/span><\/td><td>contributor<\/td><td>2027-01-31<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-01-31\"><td>Experts for the core standards of risk science: uncertainty and evidence grading, scales, structured expert judgement, tolerability, extremes and compound events, catastrophic and existential risk, ethics and equity, units and measurement (NRS-C17 to NRS-C24) <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-CORE-SCIENCE<\/span><\/td><td>expert, editor, chair<\/td><td>2027-01-31<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-03-31\"><td>Independent reviewers for the families of the hazard atlas, three from at least two regions for each family (NHS2-R19), priority families first <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-ATLAS-REVIEW<\/span><\/td><td>expert<\/td><td>2027-03-31<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2026-11-30\"><td>Members of the interim Frontier Safety Review Panel and red-team reviewers (biosafety and biosecurity, AI safety and security, critical-infrastructure security); applications treated in confidence <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-FRONTIER-SAFETY-REVIEW<\/span><\/td><td>expert<\/td><td>2026-11-30<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-01-31\"><td>Experts in ontology, metrology, software verification and conformity assessment for the requirement register, the NHS-2 machine representation, the conformance test suites and the conformity assessment scheme <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-CONFORMANCE-ONTOLOGY<\/span><\/td><td>expert, editor<\/td><td>2027-01-31<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note\">Calls past their closing date are hidden automatically. Every call, proposal and route: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/open-areas-and-calls\/\">open areas and calls<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-panel-cell\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-tab-cell\" hidden><div class=\"nx-panel-split\"><ol class=\"nx-terms\"><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Gather the cell<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Bring together three to seven people with complementary skills: data, field practice, policy and communication.<\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Register it<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Write to the team with the cell&#8217;s name, members, area and region. You receive a reference and a contact. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/contact\/\">Write to the team<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Choose a charter<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Pick one focus: research and evidence, data and maps, standards review, or community preparedness.<\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Learn together<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Follow shared study paths at Risk Academy, with practice and a record of every course completed. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/hazards-resilience\/\">Hazards and resilience<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Lead and report<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Hold regular sessions. Publish what the cell learns through Reports. Bring findings to the working groups. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/working-groups\/\">Working groups<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-callout nx-panel-aside\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-cert\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-cert\">Specialise as a Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">A CERT prepares its neighbourhood for the hazards it faces. It builds a local hazard profile from this site&#8217;s map. It trains in household and street preparedness. It learns first aid and light search through recognised local providers, and it runs drills.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">A CERT works alongside the local emergency services and follows their direction. It never replaces them and is not an emergency service.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-panel-index\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-tab-index\" hidden><p class=\"nx-panel-lead\">What a national team or a local community can do on The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX) today.<\/p><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"4\"><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Your country&#8217;s profile<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Open risk profiles for 195 countries, with sources and licences on every value. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Correct or reply<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Correct a value or reply for your country. The change is logged with its effect. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Offer data<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Offer a dataset. It enters through the licence gate, with your credit. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Use the open data<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Layers, profiles and tiles through the open API. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" id=\"nx-grix-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-nx-grix=\"health:west-africa\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-grix-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The Global Risks Index<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-grix-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Every figure on this page is indexed: health, society, demography, West Africa.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The Index is the Consortium&#8217;s indexing system for risk data. Every indicator, hazard, series and country profile carries its <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> identifier, its source and its licence, so what this page shows can be traced, corrected and reused.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix\"><ol class=\"nx-grix-rail\" aria-label=\"The data pipeline\"><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">01 \u00b7 Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">205 registered sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">Every value keeps its source and licence; withheld values are counted.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/data\/\">Data and licences<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">02 \u00b7 Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">NIS-1 and NHS-1<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">451 indicators, 905 hazards; every record carries a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a>.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">03 \u00b7 The Index<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">54 series, 195 country profiles<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">Computed on the standards; no value is published until an edition is released.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">The Global Risks Index<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">04 \u00b7 This page<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">Biotechnology and Biosecurity<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">Maps, figures and feeds read the Index in the context of health, society, demography and West Africa.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/developers\/\">Public API<\/a><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nx-grix-kpis\"><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">205<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">registered, each with its licence<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">451<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">NIS-1, 106 composites, 20 domain indices<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">905<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">NHS-1, crosswalked to UNDRR-ISC HIPs<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Series<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">54<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">global, sector, strategic, technology, thematic<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Country profiles<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">195<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">one site per country<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-grid\"><div class=\"nx-grix-col\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Series in this context <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">health, society, demography<\/span><\/h3><ol class=\"nx-grix-ledger\"><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">GS<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/gs-06\/\">Global Development<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">Poverty, inequality, human development, demographic pressure and displacement as the ground on which shocks become losses.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000064<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Society \u00b7 Demography \u00b7 Health<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">GLB<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/global\/\">Global Systems<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">The state of interdependent <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 global-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Nexus risk class: a risk whose hazard, consequences or causal chain crosses national borders and acts at continental or planetary scale, so that no single country can assess or manage it alone.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">global risk<\/a>: the twenty domain indices aggregated to the world, the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> (water, energy, food, health, biodiversity) and their couplings, the global tail register and the gap\u2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000002<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Society \u00b7 Health \u00b7 Demography<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">GS<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/gs-04\/\">Global Health<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">Health security capacity, epidemic emergence and spread, heat and air-quality burden, health system stress and access.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000062<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Health \u00b7 Society \u00b7 Demography<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">SR<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/sr-02\/\">Conflict, fragility and human security<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">Conflict risk and escalation, fragility, organised violence, civilian harm and the conflict\u2013climate\u2013food\u2013displacement nexus.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000075<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Demography \u00b7 Society<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-grix-foot\" data-nav=\"inline\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/\">All 54 series<\/a> \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/indices\/\">The 20 domain indices<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-col nx-grix-side\"><div class=\"nx-grix-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Country profiles <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">West Africa<\/span><\/h3><div class=\"nx-grix-chips\"><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/nga\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">NGA<\/span>Nigeria<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/gha\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">GHA<\/span>Ghana<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/civ\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">CIV<\/span>C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/sen\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">SEN<\/span>Senegal<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/gin\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">GIN<\/span>Guinea<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/ben\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">BEN<\/span>Benin<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/tgo\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">TGO<\/span>Togo<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/sle\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">SLE<\/span>Sierra Leone<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/lbr\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">LBR<\/span>Liberia<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/bfa\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">BFA<\/span>Burkina Faso<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/gnb\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">GNB<\/span>Guinea-Bissau<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/gmb\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">GMB<\/span>Gambia<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/countries\/\">all country profiles<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nx-grix-foot\">Every country profile carries the source and licence of each value. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/contribute\/\">Correct a value or reply<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Hazard domains <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">NHS-1<\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"nx-grix-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/health\/\">Health and biosecurity<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000143<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/soc\/\">Society, conflict and economy<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000147<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Geodata and API <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">open<\/span><\/h3><p class=\"nx-grix-m\">Open layers on an equal-area hexagon grid, shown as densities per km\u00b2 or as symbols: <span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">People \u00b7 GHSL 2025<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">People \u00b7 WorldPop 2025<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Built-up area<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Ports<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Airports<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Roads<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Railways<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Rivers and lake centrelines<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-grix-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/observatory\/\">Risk Observatory map<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">open<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-grix-m\"><code class=\"nx-grix-code\">\/api\/v1\/public\/grix<\/code> \u00b7 <code class=\"nx-grix-code\">https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/{uni}<\/code><br><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/developers\/\">Developers<\/a> \u00b7 Data \u00b7 Made with Natural Earth, Public domain; GHSL and WorldPop, CC BY 4.0<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-grix-note\">Snapshot of the Index registries pinned 2026-10-23 \u00b7 22c6eed. Research and risk-analytics information: not a rating, an official classification, a warning, a benchmark or advice.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/pandemic\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Pandemic<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/health-society\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Biotechnology, biosecurity and neurotechnology<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/health-risk-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Health risk standards<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><nav class=\"nx-deeper nx-hubs\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-hubs-h\" data-nx-hubs=\"4\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-biotechnology-biosecurity-hubs-h\">The same subject across the Consortium<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/health-biosecurity-governance\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Policy:<\/span> Health and Biosecurity Governance<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Health and Biosecurity<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/health-society\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Learn:<\/span> Biotechnology, biosecurity and neurotechnology<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/sr-12\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Index:<\/span> Health security and biosecurity series<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-20\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Biotechnology and Biosecurity<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-20\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring a method, a dataset or a question.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/write-to-us\/research-collaboration\/\">Propose a method <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-legal-21\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Legal<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-legal-21\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Legal documents.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Legal documents\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/terms\/\">Platform Terms of Use <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/privacy\/\">Platform Privacy Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/cookies\/\">Platform Cookie and Storage Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/legal-notice\/\">Legal Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/acceptable-use\/\">Acceptable Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/participation-terms\/\">Participation and Events Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/contribution-terms\/\">Contribution Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/research-and-data-terms\/\">Research and Data Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/ai-use\/\">AI-use Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/intellectual-property\/\">Intellectual Property and Licensing <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/trademark-policy\/\">Trademark and Name Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/disclaimer\/\">Disclaimers and Data Notices <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/corrections\/\">Corrections and Right of Reply Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/complaints-and-integrity\/\">Complaints and integrity reporting <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/security\/\">Security and responsible disclosure <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/code-of-conduct\/\">Code of Conduct <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/trust\/accessibility\/\">Accessibility Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/third-party-notices\/\">Third-party notices and attributions <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Maps, data and figures on this site are shown for context and general information. 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