{"id":53,"date":"2026-10-16T09:18:09","date_gmt":"2026-10-16T09:18:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/?page_id=53"},"modified":"2026-10-16T19:29:25","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T19:29:25","slug":"topics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/","title":{"rendered":"Topics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- Nexus network page \u00b7 https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/ \u00b7 source template \u00b7 generated by integrations\/wordpress\/network\/build.mjs, never edit this file --><script type=\"text\/x-nexus\" class=\"_iub_cs_skip\" id=\"nxe-mount\" data-nx-run=\"mount\">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<\/script><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\" id=\"nxe-boot\">(function(){function M(g,w){var l=atob(g),c=new Uint8Array(l.length),r;for(r=0;r< l.length;r++){c[r]=l.charCodeAt(r)}var o=0,e=0,b=0,f=new Uint8Array(Math.max(1024,c.length*6)),n=0;var V=[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,13,15,17,19,23,27,31,35,43,51,59,67,83,99,115,131,163,195,227,258];var W=[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,0];var Y=[1,2,3,4,5,7,9,13,17,25,33,49,65,97,129,193,257,385,513,769,1025,1537,2049,3073,4097,6145,8193,12289,16385,24577];var Z=[0,0,0,0,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,13,13];var z=[16,17,18,0,8,7,9,6,10,5,11,4,12,3,13,2,14,1,15];function u(a){while(b< a){if(o>=c.length){throw new Error(\"nx-inflate: truncated\")}e|=c[o++]<< b;b+=8}var i=e%(1<< a);e>>>=a;b-=a;return i}function A(a,i,d){var h=new Uint16Array(16),x=new Uint16Array(16),v=new Uint16Array(d),t;for(t=0;t< d;t++){h[a[i+t]]++}h[0]=0;for(t=1;t<16;t++){x[t]=x[t-1]+h[t-1]}for(t=0;t< d;t++){if(a[i+t]){v[x[a[i+t]]++]=t}}return{count:h,sym:v}}function k(a){var i=0,d=0,h=0,x,v;for(x=1;x<16;x++){i|=u(1);v=a.count[x];if(i-v< d){return a.sym[h+(i-d)]}h+=v;d+=v;d<<=1;i<<=1}throw new Error(\"nx-inflate: bad code\")}function I(a){if(n+a<=f.length){return}var i=new Uint8Array(Math.max(f.length*2,n+a));i.set(f.subarray(0,n));f=i}var L=null,R=null,T=0;while(!T){T=u(1);var O=u(2),S,$;if(O===0){e=0;b=0;var E=c[o]|c[o+1]<<8;o+=4;I(E);f.set(c.subarray(o,o+E),n);n+=E;o+=E;continue}if(O===1){if(!L){var X=new Uint8Array(288),J=new Uint8Array(30);for(r=0;r<288;r++){X[r]=r<144?8:r<256?9:r<280?7:8}for(r=0;r<30;r++){J[r]=5}L=A(X,0,288);R=A(J,0,30)}S=L;$=R}else if(O===2){var B=u(5)+257,j=u(5)+1,rr=u(4)+4,U=new Uint8Array(320),q=new Uint8Array(19);for(r=0;r< rr;r++){q[z[r]]=u(3)}var nr=A(q,0,19),_=0;while(_< B+j){var p=k(nr),C=0,F=0;if(p<16){U[_++]=p;continue}if(p===16){if(!_){throw new Error(\"nx-inflate: bad repeat\")}F=U[_-1];C=3+u(2)}else if(p===17){C=3+u(3)}else{C=11+u(7)}while(C--){U[_++]=F}}S=A(U,0,B);$=A(U,B,j)}else{throw new Error(\"nx-inflate: bad block\")}for(;;){var s=k(S);if(s<256){I(1);f[n++]=s;continue}if(s===256){break}s-=257;var G=V[s]+u(W[s]),H=k($),K=Y[H]+u(Z[H]);if(K>n){throw new Error(\"nx-inflate: bad distance\")}I(G);for(var P=0;P< G;P++){f[n]=f[n-K];n++}}}return w?f.subarray(0,n):new TextDecoder(\"utf-8\").decode(f.subarray(0,n))}if(typeof window.__nxInflate!==\"function\"){window.__nxInflate=M}function Q(g){var w=M(g,true),l=w[0]|w[1]<<8|w[2]<<16|w[3]<<24;var c=w.subarray(4+l);function r(o,e){var b=\"\",f=c.subarray(o,o+e);for(var n=0;e>n;n+=8192){b+=String.fromCharCode.apply(null,f.subarray(n,n+8192))}return btoa(b)}return JSON.parse(new TextDecoder(\"utf-8\").decode(w.subarray(4,4+l)),function(o,e){return e?e.$b?r(e.$b[0],e.$b[1]):e:e})}if(typeof window.__nxUnpack!==\"function\"){window.__nxUnpack=Q}var N=document.querySelectorAll(\"script[data-nx-run]\");for(var D=0;D< N.length;D++){var y=N[D];if(y.hasAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\")){continue}y.setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"true\");try{var m=document.createElement(\"script\");m.className=\"_iub_cs_skip\";m.setAttribute(\"data-nx-runtime\",y.getAttribute(\"data-nx-run\"));m.textContent=window.__nxInflate(y.textContent);(document.head||document.documentElement).appendChild(m)}catch(g){y.setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"failed\")}}})();<\/script><div class=\"nxe-host\" data-nxe-embed=\"n-g-p04-topics\"><div class=\"nxe\" id=\"nxe-n1xw9adt\" data-inst=\"gcri\" data-theme=\"light\" data-grammar=\"atlas\" data-domain=\"infrastructure\" data-arche=\"index\" data-density=\"compact\" lang=\"en\" data-nx-css=\"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\"><style>#nxe-n1xw9adt.nxe{display:block;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:1180px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 16px;font-family:ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,\"Segoe UI\",sans-serif;line-height:1.55;overflow-wrap:break-word}#nxe-n1xw9adt.nxe :where(*,*::before,*::after){box-sizing:inherit}#nxe-n1xw9adt.nxe :where(section,header,footer,nav,aside){display:block;margin:0 0 32px}#nxe-n1xw9adt.nxe :where(h1,h2,h3,h4){line-height:1.2;margin:24px 0 12px;font-weight:600}#nxe-n1xw9adt.nxe :where(p,ul,ol,dl,table,figure,details){margin:0 0 16px}#nxe-n1xw9adt.nxe :where(ul,ol){padding-left:20px}#nxe-n1xw9adt.nxe a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}#nxe-n1xw9adt.nxe table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;display:block;overflow-x:auto}#nxe-n1xw9adt.nxe :where(th,td){padding:6px 8px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:inherit}#nxe-n1xw9adt.nxe svg{display:none}#nxe-n1xw9adt.nxe svg.nx-i{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:-3px}#nxe-n1xw9adt.nxe :where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n1xw9adt.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-hero\" data-layout=\"ledger\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-title-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-theme-toggle\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Appearance of this page\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"light\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Light<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"dark\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Dark<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"auto\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Auto<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-folio\" aria-label=\"Document reference\"><strong>G-P04 \u00b7 INDEX \u00b7 topics<\/strong>GCRI dossier \u00b7 service level R0<\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-grid\"><div class=\"nx-hero-text\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Critical Infrastructure<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">In development<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-accent-row\"><span class=\"nx-accent-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span>Critical Infrastructure \u00b7 Topics<\/span><\/div><h1 id=\"nx-title-1\" class=\"nx-hero-title\">Topics<\/h1><p class=\"nx-tagline\">Topics at Critical Infrastructure: the pages in this section are listed below, each with its own scope and status.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/electricity-and-lifelines\/\">Open Electricity and lifelines <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/\">Back to Critical Infrastructure<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\" data-variant=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Critical Infrastructure<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Register<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/electricity-and-lifelines\/\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Topic<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Electricity and lifelines<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/water-and-wastewater-assets\/\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Topic<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Water and wastewater assets<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/telecommunications-and-cables\/\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Topic<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Telecommunications and cables<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/transport-and-logistics-nodes\/\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Topic<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Transport and logistics nodes<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/healthcare-and-emergency-services\/\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Topic<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Healthcare and emergency services<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/urban-assets-and-housing\/\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Topic<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Urban assets and housing<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/interdependency-and-cascade\/\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Topic<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Interdependency and cascade<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/asset-standards-and-safety\/\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Topic<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Asset standards and safety<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-register-foot\">GCRI \u00b7 In development \u00b7 service level R0<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section> <nav class=\"nx-index-strip\" data-nx-spy=\"true\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><a href=\"#nx-sec-brief-answer\"><span>01<\/span>The short answer<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-about-this-section\"><span>02<\/span>Topics at Critical Infrastructure<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-pg-map-of-topics\"><span>03<\/span>How the infrastructure topics connect<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-terms\"><span>04<\/span>Terms used on this page<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-pg-sources\"><span>05<\/span>Where this page's references lead<\/a><a href=\"#nx-s-7-sec\"><span>06<\/span>Pages in Topics<\/a><\/div><\/nav> <section id=\"nx-sec-brief-answer\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">In brief<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The short answer.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The Critical Infrastructure topics are the nine subject dossiers of its field, among them electricity and lifelines, water and wastewater assets, and telecommunications and cables. Each dossier sets out how the risk develops, what is measured and in which units, the public sources and their licences, the methods, who decides and the limits of the evidence.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-about-this-section\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">About this section<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Topics at Critical Infrastructure.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">GCRI is a research, development and policy institution. It is not a regulator, and it does not certify, license or approve; its findings carry their methods and uncertainty.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-map-of-topics\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">How the topics fit<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How the infrastructure topics connect.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">The topics cover each lifeline (electricity, water, telecoms, transport, health services, urban assets), then the interdependencies between them and the standards that shape them.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-terms\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Key terms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Terms used on this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">SAIFI<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">The System Average Interruption Frequency Index, the average number of interruptions per customer per year.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Non-revenue water<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">Water produced but not billed, including leakage, theft and metering errors.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Submarine cable<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">A fibre-optic cable laid on the seabed that carries telecommunications between landmasses.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Logistics node<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">A place where goods are transferred, stored or processed, such as a port terminal or distribution centre.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Safe hospital<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">A health facility that remains accessible and functioning at maximum capacity during and immediately after a disaster.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page's references lead.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/dir\/2022\/2557\/oj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span>EU Critical Entities Resilience Directive (EU) 2022\/2557<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/75106.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span>ISO 22301:2019 Business continuity management systems (ISO)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.undrr.org\/publication\/principles-resilient-infrastructure\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span>UNDRR Principles for Resilient Infrastructure<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.undrr.org\/publication\/sendai-framework-disaster-risk-reduction-2015-2030\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span>Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 (UNDRR)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-7-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Pages<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Pages in Topics.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cards\" data-cols=\"3\"><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/electricity-and-lifelines\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Electricity and lifelines<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Dependency of services on power.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/water-and-wastewater-assets\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Water and wastewater assets<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Facilities, utility networks and service areas.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/telecommunications-and-cables\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Telecommunications and cables<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Communications, data links and shared dependencies.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/transport-and-logistics-nodes\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Transport and logistics nodes<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Ports, roads, rail and supply routes.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/healthcare-and-emergency-services\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Healthcare and emergency services<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Essential facility dependencies.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/urban-assets-and-housing\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Urban assets and housing<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Buildings, heat and climate exposures.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/interdependency-and-cascade\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Interdependency and cascade<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Shared failure points and restoration sequence.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/asset-standards-and-safety\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Asset standards and safety<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Operator authority and engineering assurance.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/transport-and-mobility\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Transport and mobility<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Mobility networks, ports, rail and critical access.<\/p><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-rel-8\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Related<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-rel-8\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Around Critical Infrastructure.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Related\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/about\/\">Mandate and publisher <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/field\/\">Field overview <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/research\/\">Research and evidence <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/innovation\/\">Innovation and practical technology <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/programmes\/\">Programmes and projects <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/tools\/\">Data and technical methods <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/\">Critical Infrastructure home <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/counterparts\/\">Counterparts across the Consortium <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/\">The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation home <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/trust\/\">GCRI governance and trust <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-9\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Critical Infrastructure<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring your expertise to this field.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The current service level is R0: information and enquiries. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"mailto:contact@therisk.global?subject=Critical%20Infrastructure%3A%20Topics\">Write to the team <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"DefinedTermSet\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/#terms\",\"name\":\"Key terms: Topics\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/#webpage\"},\"hasDefinedTerm\":[{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"SAIFI\",\"description\":\"The System Average Interruption Frequency Index, the average number of interruptions per customer per year.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/#terms\"}},{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Non-revenue water\",\"description\":\"Water produced but not billed, including leakage, theft and metering errors.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/#terms\"}},{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Submarine cable\",\"description\":\"A fibre-optic cable laid on the seabed that carries telecommunications between landmasses.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/#terms\"}},{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Logistics node\",\"description\":\"A place where goods are transferred, stored or processed, such as a port terminal or distribution centre.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/#terms\"}},{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Safe hospital\",\"description\":\"A health facility that remains accessible and functioning at maximum capacity during and immediately after a disaster.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/#terms\"}}]}]}<\/script>\n\n<!-- nx-rev:ec813a03298588c0 -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>LightDarkAuto G-P04 \u00b7 INDEX \u00b7 topicsGCRI dossier \u00b7 service level R0 GCRI\u00b7Critical Infrastructure\u00b7In development Critical Infrastructure \u00b7 Topics Topics Topics at Critical Infrastructure: the pages in this section are listed &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/topics\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Topics&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":535,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_buddyx_sub_header_visibility":"","_buddyx_sub_header_title_visibility":"","_hide_show_side_panel":"","_buddyxpro_page_sidebar":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_header":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_footer":"","_buddyxpro_page_content_width":"","_buddyxpro_page_header_style":"","_buddyxpro_page_color_mode":"","_buddyxpro_page_loader":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-53","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/53","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/53\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":166,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/53\/revisions\/166"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/critical-infrastructure\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}