{"id":17,"date":"2026-11-02T01:56:22","date_gmt":"2026-11-02T01:56:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/?page_id=17"},"modified":"2026-11-02T01:56:22","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T01:56:22","slug":"home","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/","title":{"rendered":"Economic Development"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- Nexus network page \u00b7 https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/ \u00b7 source authored \u00b7 generated by integrations\/wordpress\/network\/build.mjs, never edit this file --><script>window.nexusLiveStrings={\"label\":\"Load the live map\",\"note\":\"Imagery and feeds come from other services (NASA, USGS, OpenStreetMap) and load only when you ask.\"};<\/script><script>(function(){\"use strict\";var n=window,l=document,y=\"nexus.live-map\",$=\"nexus.live-map.reload\";if(n.NXLive){return}var 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AZ4ZCP6T7UTc7humQBnpZufZShs1R02YWa537MdfioVra3KGambj9c\/ogA\/\/9X188hGIzmbagBK\/fuWCGb31y6TlRDWgHS4WA27pAYUfz5Mtigri0O8V4ZHEKATpLXmHd5glKSEiUO5ze7D9qGwjTgIz1q7bu6EMxK5ub5pSTS+ZR8LIOa3HDF3edIg7FIJ5nbw2k2oz9uJP9mq0U6RQKNdb0e2JcZ0J1TT81vVGXfz3yhjtKl6wNfVHkoJ5TzWFM6iFT5KbkOv9RfETda60xW\/PZLUxiqjeT7MC0X3fmAArrFBhDXif9U7HU584JfhhqF70K\/9V1dq7aIxXDedRjirK76QiiKPxZxDs5J5heupnZzP+coZZxgu90WMhSXNATtWgrD5Ua7pXxfdXW0IxrOcrhtOjKn+nzNr3udcOdtFm2al1ejPnp16aChhXZzHRX68uqFHOYRWqzcprXhgbd+whDaV5\/G4QXI9cC8sUswSXNa4WL+1yz9JMXsFfl6BfOZyaTefiMGZQpC9myIgor5KcIOc\/au3MnlLDwrsezlPm85q6CmEVYNsfdLwdZ+zf2UxD0E2\/WCX9mJ+ynnbIPKM3Cxn4K2ReeRlKgl13fRatEwJaa07gjz40EyZs9pHcz8MgED8NgipjE4z6cQw5WBpL2an7XgSyCJjcruXA9vfh235dMy4LrftSlVxEqQcRYnx20QpPvN1H3YBCf0I9e3yJRyMo76zRv0MmRmi7yQvse6bdW++jfmeU\/I9ecHVe76YaeMNtwTrfY\/TvT6kf34NuUGCRt\/tsnmDrk0383F9pRXto6mvvyrhfqyUCpAbjTZcMx+vW84wazbeQRPtyZc2YIXQqpgQZYv9lnPv+V6XZWR0VPcVdJhPqPWwX6qcUw2DffdFL1VAKxqYQljoRrB5O307Tvht1fcxHfiXMN2\/ZDnxZWh1obyfOqhCrXMXmvwig5mveq8wDeqCez9xGeYcCX500h7f0qwV+zn3Yy4E8x8HmjzGlLDTgGBYriUIF5v2OA8EsjkygoHxiZRN67UhBrCQtpNSmFZy84OlKWQ4WZ2uxFLyQkKL6hSpckfp3bDuIKZi7PnTtMqMv656rz4qExsTwIYziE7EmQvTC+O0GoS9j4bp0JZ38jbN7gtQEygOmE90PbC5UHnVi9L63e\/7G4Z64ye\/Y7geB6sZrXgw75vmc+Gh\/qsS5sJMAg+IOf2\/vkpwlKPpK8bLRvFHFhNbMIekfu\/fOiMCfnvqklMj\/XkiawiBpSMm9IvA6G8pBx7Z7BGdYGLR+rdsl08hog13oJDxNtNxBcuY8aCKY6DMqU\/wqVrZ\/7FL9DcVKBpl1zUJr2U6Rv4I+qhF0D2I4hVEs4N1+v80xlrgV1jbaQv\/Km2yLTL84dnk9rzLT75LhiX\/CLd+hInSPfNd2o30ArDtp96vuEE\/UkiHFjBYou\/bcKWdtwsUEnrHZ+NxxlN6jpm1j2Jm\/hVdy4roSuyL4S+hBMN6Bc6zu1cQCXgzAKpiqOLYkTqW8AKWBQGAJZFP2X8aW5zuaLB1hK12SCRWBJ+fUqjLi7keLH7BtVZx3zq4Qc61LYFAbVtXV+vprsZleym4PVRI\/x0W3IJOXcbHK7HMEfcioQ2JYXme7iyRZdwyad0LBJ+ymSzK83xS2zoqpS23T8oUFljmFlrmtQmfE0TVf2pmXGiv3k0mx3O90GxRXl7chOOenKBVMrV1bpHP7ozmYWVR3n7Z3EB3dqnzdvoD3ywwFJYrYj8Itztz18v5qeVS4vETbOerJ2osQUXx8clJmJ+96d8b0r+d6b8b0nfn+c870v+T5YT1Fn3R5XZ8midsqKqFpS9qVgp1Mt5ytXunw83Ccbcx1Dh8asUInGXDtTAUocKG4B0wOsBxCamaHcsyrTxFqhFDOjDdhnrvK2TOzRaCTa9cE0ZiuxbPza4MtPikBYHtV6y9jYoEoSq2keNuAZBFYa9a67revessrLCdZ5sl+1IEbJ1VFBc1PQKteLzp8LJbkTsiOoUx3M9LaYwG2Z7JokwpDNmmszKXN7g6l9n\/bGWH\/V7o3o3YtjBYfLG1e06965V3x4uRS6tr+YVGPX3rEP\/8nYxMzRyRgFd2yJ6Bifs2VvgYiYXan6ItwADmLZECai7eX4CwuQ7f6zCQgGgChzGuanmQN5\/xwAKj45AfISfPj+aQD\/HFcOl+H\/yTstpgC4EYt9ywiAwSQW+52yzRmO7huHC7j55KZYpOrbsyssHOZV6\/3w6UPGDbuf3bAeC5+FwLc\/qTNixheXTeLrhjMztZi3LSa56HxX7tDcucjbT+Rwgag10kwjuBPLI6OYTtFzh7ZiUKYPc8Pc+Bh7cx\/m8cvZgH4Lh\/azTjv3jstx98POgG4\/53xTjOcTjjddS598uhkO8s6H28wB3+1s07U752hz\/M\/aMZ94wORlA1uTDfpJbXUZekfPWvc+x4CqLUlOylDm3b79pD6ImVNCtfmZ7nh3AfD69aFXuuioKewz+NMPvZu7fZXmZ9faMW9uE+UBnTI13aGRwdo4hKsN9rR+otWeiLMaYmDeZxnRXHkciQtPS9R3Tc+7A7wTXlBs3nW0UjAntx+NwUfIUfWWuDzTvqDgvbiGAF3NNnkK9yvwWuXpjxuqJdm92WTZhl6oxtV\/U6dFkoVwqxAFBQP4hJ3+9tzAM0a4JPmTfFqzl2t3Wbx\/dGI38YPn7vJ3\/+h6\/nYLut\/e\/tHNQhB73W9\/\/xikuwSG3e9g\/wiiJM0i8vvo7B+92E2ctPvt7h\/DxPdcp\/vtofcD4Hb1H\/39I7S3W69\/P9g\/ZlnsbiH5naD6dtEWdv1L3P1jugt2btd+4u0fnd0Obu3ut79\/THYRcpQkv4P9YxoETtS1n4T7x50dBXBHfse2vX90Yzd2YV+AZiTzYeD2BWhKQASipCtw7P1jsPVsP+sLnP2jH\/vxNuoL3P2jB7YZ6Ct17f3jLvHHOlxn\/xh5QQTSvsDdP27TKMm6jjcQ7B\/trb2zu0+QY9H+0Ykc4MCxxN0\/OrbjOv30IF\/M\/WMQh17Yt02upB690Et8n5QdatDuHx3XCZ34efRd2T\/6IArjtK\/+BaKXXM\/rieEIUrivDzFA8ZTo39PWXXdvY1EBP3ODYNP\/F+GOdW8cQVHtH+3YTuyua9ijYS9L7Nt7huwV94aD58heGX0xXujvpYAJg\/P\/Xh2QO7zj7ifFht7ZY3gzl+a3IQOvmrFCIlq+9s0hX7fxYQIuiDl0z0p4oB7VOcY5GmYjq8aH6Ff3oFclZ4Sh4u9Q9N8+ucR5YsXwjxzWX+wnFy+7g9TLXuMmLhK\/9ahN6Cx9lkRl82EOxO1Hcz7jrkwBuPnBGMmuYro4q8TXB0ygfR5sivulMdxl4cj9QJjEMBq5H+J2qT9yPxeEaRyN3M9OvSwKR+6XpXDXc0vE\/bI4zsJ05H6ZF8V+NHK\/dBc4bjZyPxC6vhuP3M8F2ygNR+4H4zDyfIr7xSDruTXifjAFDs39YLSNgT9yv9AN7L4+zP1ghP5R3A8k0Ic+xf0CkERJRHG\/NIvHOhD3AwFIU4\/ifkG4i+Idxf1iGPqA4X5J6AJAcT8v9nc7n+J+EGZuFtDcL0uyJIsZ7pe5mdvzzI77RfEuAA7L\/ZIwSfoOEu4HHRhClvuFGQj7YRHulwYwyFyB+7nRxos2gYvC1qf43zZg+B8ZghDGRwBKmwTRKkoqeDi2yiuhjqBRkMef9PwnPf9d0LNSzFx1obxfHxrka2hZ\/QGp9VRkvnOF71yj7zzhO8\/oO1\/4zjf6LhC+C0y+OwrzcjSal6MwL0ejeTkK83I0mpejMC9Ho3k5CvNyNJqXRJiXxGheEmFeEqN5SYR5SYzmJRHmJTGal0SYl8RsXkLhu9Dku9i2+Q9j2zb70hG\/dMy+dMUvjVYjdsTeOma9dcTeOma9dcTeOma9dcXeuma9dcXeuma9dcXeuka9PVcN\/+W5aky+RMoJ\/ykOzjH4toQH\/lNN8CL9JVJm+E+xgmPwLUgS\/lPkkW\/U6ovY6Ivhl8LSaL3q6I+Rusl\/jFVQk48Lct3LfIwFC7PFxdZUfnU1QWfo6zkpHhHvFzO1aaP88UPiIWiEN4rcQzFkE29exk6FZnAAmtnC\/c\/LA5MkD48A3UI5K99VA4KjcG183zFCo0n031FjZ7RfjGcyhanuyjE1Ah6sog9LpBEqbJlDyBCyfomHXvvYWdg2SWimADeg291q2wXYNNpM59kYEmpIICLU1cdtaZ7FQCA\/DoCCSXNA\/G1GGmGx4mw2YamSDOelTBxjhNTGFnm6pw7xgk1KOgEtR6GDdsai9UbzSJkepH9Du0p91o8Zqdem2DWu9h4ZPLQtkOSp8P0MypTOnipJX9Jvytmj+IYAJZSoYZIguS679z+ihsTY53uEmqOtDsuLLH3BH1ZepohdhgTkNgFF8gUBX6x+Rbto3QPe2vT2cdElmwy0kniKc+CWn7Wv9IPtE\/NqoD2GbkeSnMVmXRIzrhnsb2Q5lYTmGCUhZken9YvnXl2eNrHfCibZEvtGmxMoCn7yb4TbyV6sl3PeBxSZndOhwTntKHEcpdOw2A2g6\/\/leiO8UVfPHfGNbh5T2t2oVtXIVfmmtEqNWEsGikZWjVZLoatJ8\/rrw+X88H2AsqWhvoN\/cP\/Vtv+L\/UBPUiRJWOHozhS+ubR6K5UN\/uMdGjznxYxUT4MwNE1xhGmZ50rq+vIt78+6kDrqQjGTVmD\/ImfmPQVioV3PWVCDAwRzC78+nJAL07d8Y\/5FhUIy8qv8WNESqFBVCUE9s3WisKva16vukg5Uc0ePlX5V8\/qNJdRFzACqyvQGAcm6ZJlQGZX9TSdETPFKMY06jz1J1DlDcLqJhmar1EOWaxOFOuqR9TrfzqGzWsmXdGy5tusEpuDHjuLQnOobrdG6Eo122SmZHEHdyrRVA+xjOTIcpSoL6HDPPebbftVJWZMX6tq2icR2NZS6hg9u0Z\/8JRkQSeOd4er09QH5Aj98FxEzCLSjGfwNXyd4zxtVne7SShEwhAhYsTzL3y1CFNOxAsSw0PeMFuoMa60V1VK+H6PrpWGdr9N1Gsund53BvIRDrySQNMmGYU9KACpOv5Yr47P61AmLoDkOgrIUus4YBU3XzNvXh\/aYl2MbI06NaXWghoBbX2HyTOCV+Hq7UCjjekPGANY9WTnRHNOVpAPk57Fq+9XYzP+6KoelpCGwTGfideZU2JFhxb9fwKx6tzNmbgaLMmYmJ1C\/YAdyRMJX5YZFF0brxdvjpOZYSxkWLRSdQV62Vieskj4a4hyis3euVY8ZWYrUAdVq05M21RNTwj1r2mv89QyAR\/neDsW9bW4lE3rK79XN3E8pJnE1wZU0ncYEFEV1aXUkyZhw\/p5orqxaaMoFbuinZ8xDCghSfG06H8LPmPvVE2RvSsymYmoNZHLqhDLKklhVljKqlU+EFJXPlJrTHBzMJfVZQJTCqGBRaJbCuf9SvIL7nhx6UKyOx1nwFSHLGCiAXEfJr7x8Gdytr3PAsvk6j918L2PB3dc8F+ZXc7OgtuRSq6q7K6NmGqVOg0WNmrKbunoznpWkumF98pE+KMOb6Vasq6aRS26K4d\/EZPrmkrxOCqiXcO8r8yAs1btJPctWCgEfGeq2hOlKUEoDWvAPZzXc77lWo796K49uwJ8xuYfFFNx9rdmeZPE2C6qTMayOFIw4jLF6QioVrixM4XsbX1xs0+Utje1DNwtzKvPK0hMvzU8yFdw11ZRTFPaxSGiUCjDGBwp8r8T5Jh6Cz\/e1dZKmOmJ+Gw0WdNtDYJzVVFm7NgJPNle8L2UijlWK22yb4TbfJjzic1W9uXtj6WZ2bVLOU09aHSiFzmQE+H53WEVQ5qc+Dek7qXflSby6VnHVavz73nAvefzhibSN49agfVo6X7+\/vsCPrAYn2Awdu2Z1daJ26Y+2Gn856tAVq4AHWKZLc1IhP0nsgSXNtSs4LfFIBNLr8qm+Wiz8s6v2v+iu88bs4hqXA\/ixwAGA9oakHXJHXycpKm7XXdqLafxl5ixA3I+ozvOOjRpXK8pFU46dzVfeeSYaXkEKX998geYY9ZK4IZ5r2DRQ4+mivN40q+9bzpijtRT1LRdoivWXc2lHRld7TShx86BEUjIoM38PNDQiCR3BGfZXG9\/y60DJYkecib3DVIhODqZCFl8CrTt6BaYq5UIFIz0ATc\/oC\/Hm6N1pImrCI6k7jXnVdV4e6Lqxr+Owmva0sw7rx4mskMx+4KfFvGdx9S64fcxsbBYBJNWlbK+zjTWf4DU3porjfQr41HHPTVJXRRGDun8N3elN1Hyla6TcHXyfWu6kKgpwbiDOR4z\/kjhd3DxIhGlEA3blycvHcwc7M7gfO7w7PnZ1sbV+9abhI8JhLljQDQQa4qQ7yz+uHz2h+PJymr566GGThE8YiG6os8\/3rQoO0Eaywp1EA2MNnuvtvPNbUcc9wggWucHwHdmDrMWj6b1AH54HFzThxGGRgjyK74l+cAx20sSreKf5wxtMtAGtKwcGhIzljKaq268PoElgmeKDhRsuCyzFbdKpjjjzepFCZTdmVEklX+hDAXr2Y5iwVu5Ny3v2nvI0LeCPBbt\/NnLaoh3UNRyDUbPsDVgRc4pstRpKX9tnBQF09WPExLa+zg+MWnYTxDZLpoqINDMslppKpoI5ZJ\/Sd9L6kI55XTK5Jpd9R13FyPtDG5iWdomDFVzcQx6eMK7eMQwH8uDE8Ji9K+rKLFhZ2p7CNBmGptXcfpxZRrt11pQemYmTY+CFulZrUL4oVE6Kz4zZoG6X1jVWtbcJ5VdQlzpzDX0KR3fQifnzwprQZU7opL\/OA6d2njwET91lI\/f4bOSC\/D\/Z\/re\/1VUBOxPo2Jk+Icrk9yv6+xE2cr\/adqfwdtZJbObaLW27Y6nDdmUwUm1jrYHpqRBUOhXRrunZ3QWCZ06puEnX03Q87UEu5oWE6WskABbzosNMlr07Jqri+5RRjDfRSLhCOJsraHqfFnP3Otrp2ITARX2YbfC0wAl8ZmzptFilLbuDcTaz7U3C9BT\/Rq2mV4ldf16zf39bqs3P2pjtqDejFDDjY7SdwOZyjEQ2rdsLMc8\/EfaAgXhmL5e8YOYlcJufVwT0U4zVYUKkfBPDz4SalJ9XN2zCPn0edw811d7cTYi\/ahW3Cc+zr46mGjI2WS9nfLihVB+6Njfw+TM26+o89DHsgth0lmPDGJ5axgP6XU5LphRRIcmRikcjqEDPSZGfLZRpt9NvvgT2LzNjfhNwnriBHW9bXdlta4fc7UqDkk0ha7T9+4YyRDL6yczLW1RHr16XsGk\/vl\/vuGvE2iXh4oOh0CSqejI0loc3rWF6SWBqnao+LhL9VqHmZy+rvygVQsb1AJmFaWsM5tziTFzxbn07WVUCQbl\/tIETuggAlJR20NqpG3ruWJi3CKzUCzBoNikjkJkIcTt0sqG0zl8xwHay9cFYKeLS+0cncH0Mn00KOwxstnmEc\/0IdxBmY0tJj+HppVGGMTz78homlxoBksY+BjHvy3FOegSe7mc7QJWXFVr6\/WMYb8NoHN7vlr1\/TPxoR\/Xud8vZP8IwSaKMKkMYsh4gGLF9mbd\/3Gapk2ypMoQlmwG4o79F6yE0XYO8RK07qU+QZqliBBCbbLNkxxa7+0c\/iz0MjEoVIzD53S7OMrbYR6i0MKKKm7J6y0BRoGa92PO3tvjI2T+GQRDEkkfu\/nHnR14ai4+8\/WPixWHmio8QeG0Gd3Q3qhx3IQIBcG222EHLsQM+YIsRLHwGIDVPuNhDgO7Ai1222N8\/InKBY5NHCFrUpB87rm+zxQ4CpXe3vsMWI4j9OAAYEZ8qxli\/wPdDttjHEMEhYCcAT7QfBNuELUaTHO+8xGeLMY0lPgzZYm\/\/mIYwyrZsMWoS\/2csbqsaojbTCHgB4MoROi8IAbW5STkG9vdsL+TKcc6Dbbr1uXJ\/\/xj6aZiMO6Fp8OSGWexBwJQiQk4Dmr5RKWoxdBPPY0o91D+fZj6oFI3SjfxgnMFDAZqGYPI69ob8n\/0URWuGQVVvLES\/H1DPXz469kOtIvgD7h9dx\/dCim\/0iQS2drSjORUaQuzGWZIOpT0m8daPQjCSWFYd9o925mT0aPGZ\/2h7dmgnbCmq2E6dmCI7HEPQYFICLqAmonvg7B+3nhduM\/6Bi\/ZS4IYB\/wDRcLADfsQ\/ICTlUPz7FR7wvgE+cBOmFNFwFmV+wJTijRpn1ByiUgS4HcT21mFK\/f3jLoM2fVqcz3icKdMaKnX2jwFqjS1FaTXcOKJIFJV6mE1m1CKgUtRaDL10LAWw7sZme2xpv1UAU4o4gsuMGJWiybRBFLI14JlMd1Qf0gvZJT7wMo8rRu3ZoU+dsbgYLaC9s0PubQ8lC4ntiCtGTUZpElOTATqy8YLAZkrxdAYgAkypi\/hm5CdsDd7+Md4BSHElVIrYepjCjGbUSFgnE+pSBzspx1O69endjctdzK18L+HK0bT6cRbw9eOJhR41sUlRXVLUrpt5dD2kHCUlSQIvgFw5IlRvG0cRV44OUxfsqFkk5QjTPUwBpNo9FuRIcQHNMo74EPNBCCjCRqUulgx21BGBSpEM4aYhRcKolBwngCI1pOmSyUUUzxaj1YQ7QJE2Lsaw96mfArYYzWyYehFki0kKGpua8Cwnp0mWpWEYssUIEj8DNkWxuBhBt2ch8FK2GFOsF3lc3Xgtd\/EupgW4qoaI5\/pZbIcZ9aA51pcYpbVhxIDEasArKEuwf0zTZEdJNAlChG+a\/WPsp9GOkSlhS2Td0I1pYk+spK7OiDfGEcWtE+tSx0hezrJt5tJC5alqQJ7sH6G3Awm1rFaO2HuSpRGkS2OAbt73jxGMIloiaJEDIV7bLIyZ4xY\/QCLRLvaDiH\/gYs5je0JVmCWFkgd4wr3Yh\/SEX2BhZVXT5AWRvbaAf1pekgKCWjJQ\/Pj4kdaVTBZHD\/GulcwpfviWo2XwMtQs\/yzOK7zaHnXidY8OsJKsBmmurWpwgFgihvRmJY+r9ojPaLBlhwmwmhKkQeiPxHiG1bmAHc8GFM\/uHjhEhPWFB4in2RG9lboH5Kywt8IDclzYsW+WvoXX5JIgDSn+3KVVCDMfQlaT4wVGosmlUeokHq\/JBSCC1GITTQ5tmDTkNDmuVqzJObEbeI6oyblxmMS2uSaXRk4c2hJNLgK7EHisJhclgWNzmlwaxR4lAhFNDsRenLCaXABiksqC0uRsJwypk6PX5Lime01uBxMAHUGT88EuSj1Bk3OdMKTa6zU5P\/bADgqa3BY4GXClmly6S6JMrsnF\/i6Gck0uSsMsgVJNLgR+TB0xtCbnB54diZpcHG0DSmLtNbl0G\/uhqMntkiTYAVGTy3aQL\/aRfhykUSJoclkKPbAVNLlsC3bUvus1OYj0ikzQ5OLIBV4iaHJB5oTU0dtrcskuTWAmaHI7L06gK2hyQbwLkkzQ5Nws3HLKNR5l7DFaUq\/JcRQ9aHIcVQ+aHExgmCaiJsdR96DJcRTeaXIcbXaa3M5NghTymhyEmUOZbDpNLvNBEAmaXOw6kRvLNDk3sDf9f6eVOcfllDm4hVkWccpc4qdbmPDK3BZEO0ri6JQ5PwzcIBOUObzTA1aZSzMY0YYOosxlfrbNYlGZS3cwyByJMufGTkKZOUZlLkACJZQocyDyvSCTKHMwiWgyppS5GHoR4JW5zIUwiXllLgnThJIJe2UuieNwxytznh9BP+OVOTsNaDtap8xBkLlJyCtzIEzdCPDKXBCBJAS8Mud6kR3GvDLnuD6kRINOmcvizEsDXpnL3CSlJP1emct2kb\/jlbk4DG0X8MrcNvI8JxSUuSyEu9QRlDkYJsFuKypz6S4KUkGZA3YYejtBmQt9L6Hsq50yBzOYZgGvzCV+nFLbvlPmdk4UJTavzAVZYO8SXpnzfNcJMlGZy7IsTBJRmcvSNIsiUZnLotijJnVQ5qC3he5OVOZi2yfpFzllLvOzgLJ4DcpcGqUJdcgOylzsx3ESiMpcFO98WuXqlbnQDnfbraDM+bYT+Lwy58WBG8WCMufsHOpg6pS5ACa70JUoc1tXVObcxINUFb0y5yFWEgjKXJQlDmUSHpQ5OwmpkfTKXOIHnheLylyY+NTZ1itzMItok0uvzKW7gN4MvTIHbCdxEkGZCxIb2ECizDlxGHtAVOZAGIHQlylznMYzKHO7JHEYyX1Q5rwsynaZoMzBcJfZtqjMpUEAmfJemUuS7Y4SLDplDl9MeBJlLokSN\/Ylytwui5NEpsxlbupuwRxljluFUZkDnus6SmUuhD7wfKUyJwyUVuZse+vGrkKZE+aUUuZsewe3nlSZi5IwZVSCUZkTVoNV5rZxmMUqZW6H\/yMoc9BPE8o8OypzWZrZFAcZlbksTGjJYFTmYLSjD95RmUuCAHixRJlDqqnr3S+\/4Z8K358K358K358K358K358K358K358K358K358K358K358K358K39+XwqdwP307XS30PkLy22MYIPzzuE8KcDp\/CRA4xGYbvh43u9BG2d+W5c54O+2zS1E0SQ1hee2acGz79TiCW3x04BaqqNUElK+gWf\/4K3KKBXkJ6xWq\/gvV\/A6loVN5rTJDRZ74aLgbnN6O5LezVg4OiVivflu5KNudf35fr9Uzh8IaD1CWTaT3zyXdR4Ndi77X0nH2ivSaCdZ3xMjO7vER5DXyP57EvpB90laX5Njl8OwxHLqw5UMNYja923OOthx5lfwJJ2aGTzAnBNPa+B+Kf+ACVicq7lIZnEgg85hezCjkWqgkrcFBqAONP87Lg7oSQo4yT3w8OOTgLssLg3+wcSnqNsqqSer83MpaIRE+A4Uhql6T6B\/kAi4P7\/L5sIfy3cIRDw1MqjIF9Yd66of5qiFIP4aIab6nJmmGEX9CSX42ysc1yDVPCZZao37hnJfqh21+Vj885mV7Ve1MrCSun603GL\/krYVeS+vqbGV5gQxKcXGpvziYS\/KPVvQzhXe+uEMtEsakj7eidpWNg0xQ6iqm2+TxWr7y5zo\/ade9I3Qv\/VRSH6jrVKXw64ObjqTVt79Z8C2GL2wMiZKrxxP6YNqDQ1HFkP\/4ivlgXuBwf3IELJkNL7WqsvhY2JXua9Nd2k2fbuEpvCbhhJsRtzc0Nitfef+Vmj\/az3Ssti5PBxtpJOQyk6UyG8w20pApEks27k0b4dwyXyKT9XojnIHME0f2ZGI65s4hyYeniysNnscgLTKxHeQfETaQaNizAM9GpwzTMokIS\/MadqIGiYmcwbumdwoew9eH6gzLkdzJwJjotIlZYH50CfJuzwEjEpPjwxMhEBwelVX1ab+6nM+wTkADFx\/S6oyDRhnT5fkFqeSIbh+\/PaQdnC92TnVempWQyWPPzG9o28\/TQ+3HojnmMBAgH9aHA3rPBZoWtkIm+TUVkufabCL52fH+5Xt\/JlvxQTy0+2diKhjZxCwOXx1WIymqBs5iJBaCqbkKah0qILiFVgyP4DVHw+pUOSZf+BiIPgfmEF8LVpczC9xla5Bz+y9Wv7IVzFS8JmrnyLnfOz4X7apI5CPlA9qIV3wGfMDaLCYdZztlAtPJTsHTz+yjDu1Qliy9g2W5LVe6HDVwaVL0fhY69MBFQFhDHYwaq1Yd8oRHGtRoMKBF1kjDt3G+H9OXq\/O89+vqzYrb+2AkarjrESYvAwQpHcNMJ6\/t95wG7HWhlqQggOZSZyCBbFogBWQcAoPbjDipTPkECXFwzKzqTKaGrlhxFEyeFSoLCyN3UqOe6DXmNjwf6RArzIx+XT0lOMGreIzzQB+msPeKWe1AriVNT0hTbLv+ZLtWUydXkXmLuCWLuHdbVUjlGiUIxKKRbOyFug2GP5sr+Ffnq6HohA6EH5M8R2YLJbDezrjf0VHBI76LlsjpxqQgCRpFsO7hVTGXoaFJ5KDhCqYhZz7a7qIUD5Mq6tIOGasGXUdkGLSSvnWzZSHujPtnBaOONwn+zsOFS3mulsnPGdYrYLK5e\/5cjEBbBIRht+v9cGF6hj+aU0GaVyNEpimoe2ck1WrtPqW119RiSeBaROVcyQpcWsHxOkipnhjwdUp3mxKh+xPxfkeQ6vXbvYFnHsep17tcBdaNpwAKX7J9kVRnDvYiaNSyrBs9mbpcFg7PVUJtz5entYcdK273uyAUDjFzaRsLvybC9lIrNGqAHPjw\/QzKdJSjNgbfcKLXVduJ56XqAp6ENG8QImoqb6N\/OuatRZHql6IVFlLfzKp5PajFaVqaHexLHbixXlxt4OFqxB5EVuBqoOM0F5bmeOqke0hZuX1DDhB49Kkbftr+o0G+5h1KgklHYpgOkWHa+PKTTCEmoDHlynCyByyTwr8H2gp0QmBXsQyw\/247rGvDbFMzprIp5Wl6XJ+\/sfuWDDX35JifP1ltTytGqBdFDE8Ur3tTsLFZ1uEPQp8xOveYoc8\/41r2DmY\/tCyNhInuV87KoXAfOXHANkjzgneqzpCq7xW93+fh121pNhmxFm4tZug8xn9PaQZRjOxWzphR4u3ViTRy44zKELX0ov2Yn+UijqoD\/Gx8DtNF\/bJqcFLK4ROQhEYnO26Exl2fAFxf3MZojNJbmgYFrXn7+lCDNy5\/AVpwUCNf0DSHZfvF8YIUHjY0X0LOoOuN6Nq1xAVkqoMtrFF8zlQnI1voZN6yfcSBWPfqI+uwoz1JQkZF7Q+RUZ\/8FVlI1uMtsy3TPCmHO+TO59tSDVR7FTXz0qkb2lzLG2jbOo87hmz35wJzHFBIzZ4veHTNkyIFU6tOSuW4Zn0CBeXb0YkaGktkjjaY5KTRXUSh4fcXUQ6igA0qITDJBLmazJDOKqHICEl1a38EzZf+rrIAH+urrjuGfdI3ydgR6EvjiM\/BGXFXguHUaDrfl5tAkIUbRzFlq4GtawZicH+dpXObdSMaJ3h1q8H4DtZix\/tZ5mLcWTOL8eJOGdtWSWdQfj5ZZ0gnIsosTPUn0DY+aEtTbb+UVaxsO9JZpLsrRTJjVnijjdpVWKinpTpy1XtltjpraFjtZgnQc+87jeXouWeKaIiI9E5N5lf3aMrkSr7BJejkRarOUDDVK8oMwOr5P\/Q+xXo7PaFSRJGDBzc1hfhP1PwXK7B\/2VgYpF2S3WLXZxIQ71rnuWKiHs+VaKZSUwT9VkVyTceETbJRyHo+lTPC51wL+1Tfs1wL0YgWTIJ15E9kwSFr9MbX19SMNXWeZPe91dK3XldvWg979AJn5jBxKKT8PRjixZnVJns0Kj2YCbLZj6iJ1lf0oh\/Yy4J06os9NlF\/XvX9eb3e8\/rxnJcT3Kjup7G\/+w1o\/16Hsfrj1JiDX6hxMiHSj9mOyvgQFXxbJ8hO4sc27Q6KmmJd9\/wugcfyPY3qTI6gbtmkIBqD8BnUL0qTCBVqMai1hjoarthCpH3FPgGEq6I99QJZ4ypGYFl3j4Zbgadoqu4sWVhz2JegPOugrtHA\/ZU31R7SU69CM7RayzUkacY1aeZN0QolTHEtTS4DiLu5uvnSaKffcgU8jJ5FyGOYnIqOO\/HR6CKLaribpbyAB2KOUzh7S6+\/OEuGvvYTbAHje0uE7U9z3kJtIkspM2HEdsq4ONoTE241l3jB2crqzbbCy3jxUdV1jKTTKcCQTednSSWo\/RjUPEM0yzA1WS3lkXM6I5MvMqdupq3i0u+0ZtidYIUluE1rscyRlLmSMk9S5q9nD7oHWFoy8PHbmYMfEaTW8nJHUe4qyj1F+ZIJqfJlk4G\/mzsRGMNqLZY5kjJXUuZJyhYMGoFPLRk0+W7moAmK1loscyRlrqTMk5QtJP2lZL+I5GXkLiN1GZnLSHzRoBH41qJRkw\/nDptgia0lhY6s0JUVerLCBWP\/fcm4f5895t8te43ikOxfuGJnjQpXvvDAXaPCVSg88NaocBUJD\/w1Kpy\/+s2ibY4\/m7vyjbDJMZSbWOSKRZ5YtGC9CRbZkgH3X84ccw+wtpaVOtJSV1rqSUsXTMErypA8f\/z4s5mDxwBva6HIEYtcscgTixaM9nA+Lxkt\/mzmaDHA3FoocsQiVyzyxKIFowWwXjJa\/NnM0WKAu7VQ5IhFrljkiUULRouQ6ZYMl3w3c7wEYm8tljmSMldS5knKlhA0WMS+8GdzCRoIjAvj+4lFrljkiUWLRO8C1Mtkb\/zhbOEbwwyuJYWOrNCVFXqywgVjx9iAS8befThz7B3U4VpS6MgKXVmhJytcMvbjIo0LfzZ33EdB38I4i2KRKxZ5YtGC0SLfkyXDJd\/NHC8Be1yLZY6kzJWUeZKyBYNGKI1LBk2+mzloAje5FsscSZkrKfMkZfJBMy55BHFSdWVNgVJO1oQhKrUV4Tem6yGQlvqayDuTdWEQTG1N+I3JejrQTG1N3TuTdSGYTW1F6IXJWjAqp7Ya\/MZkPQTFU1sReWWypjyB2mpyeSw3UwcBCdVWQ16Zpmu8nzQ1dRvu2SiWUazamaraWVy1O1W1u7hqb6pqb3HV\/lTVvmHVE6Yg5GmzzBZEvpxtDCL4tGtZqSMtdaWlnrTUgEP3PdDM79BJw7qc6boc07rc6bpc07q86bo807r86br8yboQMq6WG6EX7u0pX75\/fYjf7rDifUU3L3df0c1r3Vd080L3Fd28yqgicKjvM9moortMNqroLpONKrrLZKOK7jLZ5CZFU1N31WJUjzNVj2NWjztVj2tWjzdVj2dWjz9VzzTropDN9dL9+N6is5+CSJ9up3txcUMYbH26Gfza4kZklhlJI\/i1xY0g8PfpNtBbi5uIc4OpivPlE3WABg0c4A0rQfDsDdaCvLi4IYyMP90Mfu0eYiwBvl8ixvZfzhRjezT\/tazUkZa60lJPWjppXUHRGY0smkbhJSPgrXl39CvmIwoWuqj241JGfthS9\/j\/9YW4xs+KRurbGqgBIakjWRfUyHhDtTMBRCyvB2JmpOgt8uGcWN4EBbdDWTy5hca1X+GgZuz95feYrBLvauQ417RW034UUOFDf5NbGO7m9R44rNjJ7G2jd4x\/04Wys26yU1BVehcxlqGhPIB6XobemKwH5xnU1oPfmLadoTyGXD0kkeMpf\/+Sl6umPsQbzpaGvlmvguCXDabEM6hhOW2CJKkOZ7ZFPlqvPJttjNHqkP8tTFfSL6d69btW3P3dQG3\/XSvo\/m6grP+uFXF\/N1DRf9cKt78bKOa\/a8Xa3w1kWpJPkqsE7y4tStuQiXLKy7dqIev0LoFkF4J4FjmJooAx2DYTqCUjMBoGyrQ61oG5vuwBRPMR+gJ42hD\/YQjeMS8Oi4zlyn+E66cYoBKZw\/nUwML7Y7DchvYhxDIbwH9wgWI9PPOsODGySma4RxocDzPC\/gToI4OQycnBG0IWnWB5wRKB8Qd5mZu+27zlZ4zY\/smoSBM5Bzr+Q0I6PVcr7KD5mEDFECAc6WQLrseEEvs\/CSXpc5LX4FAyd\/b2Q3M4N5BsoMM7ZUlwqDXBgVkaXEcWMOkO4HIDd9GwR6yy3YCmPm7c2xDVh3oIH8NQqFPR3SN2pHGU5+olXhSWMgZHnd8JhMFd6X15kGhVIVHCOIqcScyiU5WpAGwaurVDzpEokuGAxvYz5QojXXXYByKGyeTMzmQgwxGAPv\/6kJfNGSbteAjgDHMbw69PEDSXGnJfD\/gCSV01DZpL9SBe4Ide4N2OuAIU1MAEwkAfr5+XXzwUnL+hKQQxtfWa2jCD9eE\/8QGEiNufm4IIz\/7cAwh9w2e66aBuZqcbkmQXcj8nuxDuNTIkybIC+IzlaUYg+FDrtzR\/XYIo4BrVvkpTKtD0tjkgWXFU1slQrj1qrV4E9t\/MyseYb7XVIvGZhZ7xWVkk+rvEbnRExCf9GG9RvmZDNKEG\/+7UMARbsWpOoCiud4q2xeqUiRklGLPCBXTGx2nQDJ1kMs9Sgjs7lwnjj779RWpfmfjKAlN6aHylQfIngpON5J85Z4J+J8gMI\/fEexw18QGj3KfM8DhBw4LJwNuo5wvwzaohGvEsLDjcM4Y76mderWGg\/5eAM2r0yqMWcJbMQANJWsM0bxsFAoLMKroQmaBr6FtzOSEaMDlpBlAX3mbGXyUZt7rf99JfCluQF411AvULnazMqDrrRID89McLAZqDSVV3WasvZQoxAfOPjIF98XdDNYaZr0if2Z9zbeGTFESkMr5W3fWfXIIzaudbkV8nydSophWZ2XkZmrTwTjEsaFiqcXAOBS9mjdCFfUmvMSPs8SUp5olOd6gBIvSvD6AtUNQV0yvMMfqK+9OBu3nAVwwKUNIaniFovzjuhsnYh80Kl1NpkU2LBoVyuk3ftJKpEtGRJr74Nmqp7UWThJt5+QiLs8mrPUfFU0DGhXDTf0Nyf7naGnat56pMLbvVbyvLIZNbI4VvqNb\/oc0V314abTrShXDfaEquGoVpEZ9njiVaTTDgUVRnKLOQ49jJcRoxJ1h4LnXpB6\/yvBs32z9V0LZS8+dPPDI83XL0KRmJUqNoObmgaI32H9EvkWGN67cN5Qyra+xK4LL3SQFO5y8+tvNs\/dfjJsTfTWSfGmBY6xGCR5UOynH1FZJkzbhGfMGpSSzRDY1gZlPNbd1fNHIl87dN5y7fTmTAkIpHYSfVM6bRiPzXCB0bpYPAlwUGmNiE1Y+41J+Fcz2jHYziLPBphsO6FBoVnSTA1XIjBq95Y4KUbACqRcEJE6V1+mXsgUaqDvS5TVHCD3ZNDZHfBxKgNqzgnDUFFoah9clu4bYitU\/0eJDC11in50GWpwgPHWcjnisypIrnxrTjxtCqtFMTd6k8Q8LjoNnFUOn0ZUvPb\/B3uGI\/7Pib5MpkO8Hd8pJ0zkdS9o+\/nmCag9WXcw0zWDdWDdNLAlPrVPVenOi3mm13WWPpRF9YdRI7cKU9U5Iil7hCEtk1rU4gL79fEYdMka69Z\/y7qpcCjA5eqRWvV4FLAdEwR\/F6GCA1W6GtOYlqeMgbZIRB+J64BH7AGEHMStIRUPNHTm7kiwbqRjlh7RGeoNVWh0MBV\/GlbTsw\/sEiEdKePROgrypp8VRYJyAFQcbG4D194thKI0dWaSwrw83RqUrh14dDUcX9vVHXOl0tOgNBMTovw6LIzw1cbYNfVlHwywq0yGDHLiNBpUyQk\/LKlpSv0SG7XonlS\/o83HUpY18Mq84uRfH14dzAS1qZ3sLt0UdNUkNYsp0Z88zYr0cq64ydvh5H4XRpp5DcNKdPo5xFuA2yyvy6guXrlwZk0AI1BBa5bGir88bGt3I1LX2pP8CvkU+WjgaJR3NGQxKKcTo37udW2U3yWje0\/lvCx6dGiN7iPrzb3JwKqxrGlYDyFTRX7HGUF3n7sV8RY7TJx4TsWDPmGZTWO\/7fDy27WT2dwLnI4xoeiq4XKu+nzp1TniPcpW89iVPUjHar6gxrHHZgHWDTXmpokXVXenSgUwlJpgYqncLw3YCS8wxQ269OhZVBmDZMr8\/V+XLubxavLKK12+PP\/zRnh\/hgwQK+Aoz5O3WRRd9aI7XDVVxaz5s\/V6bY+\/OnFEmCJhZd3aqgC1arO6kHiZJWIfyJjM18ZtvZyLCGvfu8rLdjB8iPM8p8LrgMyDxfZ1TIICQzmME3XzdpTT+ngnUKX+T94N7SNDnZujnBdj749eFSgleQFyjDx8P3CR1UV88Z1G0OirEOJu+QNmKFz6bXWfFoV4JoRjabBFzQibJ+foV1myeg6E1gpzxNC83WxCNRJyFi0rThH5QnGiP1\/yLzI\/OZO9HP5qy3nzYK1xs+ZGHGrXU\/xbNurfuP\/pOSVScBrv6dGYyBo1xewObrQ1WOyg4hz8HRUXv240RpjVYzG5MnkOWQ550ZSNzRWOD54+I6OkxouziZ8MuWRvbhE2DSl09y4z9LNpBQuyua2CU5oRyUnJrbdf1dPrnmGyQZG3MBJiIfFNV6Q8pt6RNL9YiUy55Yykfa5Rn4\/Etepl8fkupStvVHn3vmhqze8omb6cNHplQebaYeQ95+LDmiaEGMcftDZlWyWMaMpKeFuccTPZoEnL8+ONRIFDxPc9iYkcBMVl2D8gBnRMU+s6kqkA7iuT9NHsO9XeXl+dJeuYTV1AU4TtMFEtRz4RKMFE81MXcWKUW5S\/8++k9\/ffBSgy14o71VqWqbGGDH\/HEfsB5ItmlBAXvHQeYVq6kTOrsGP8n9yauhVHjQJQ2ijfShLaU67EUwlRxRZ8qvXtVCM3p61VH6PYLSUSO925G+K4NLFH8bLGRnnd7Id\/Ddtv35vtvToYPjMI2i6bip+dx4OtwUdgfS90bqeS6\/16RyDK6crOb82biMXgYdW6UmfVul7fUnsGq2Y6lRx2jX9+FCiNxog\/Lj7QhrDQNO2mLRtDOpHpXnnt9nevwPPfyStph7LiVtMSgjRZ5CnudS7jR3Oj6TtrAqOot08BT03ILKDrjQ2ASrefEHg9FGzF3tLnSLwr1gTsMr4+vBc2Qme+TdzQnGnVSkqp2fidZ8jjoxjfF4mrAam+Y6vtkDHFEqTnMoF0JIplfaxUxIZcjlPZ1oZ3Wuio\/JZIbd7hISDgZTtXc\/YlCmfJ6+biM3VTZUPMk1cJ1oae6W9E83QYfiKlfl+imOMLf1xQ2sq3NupEWWl+kcPYhNA4w2N2XCH4yOt+QeRD2y8lKj6NjPgoeAKoj7c42XwwZdGv3t6R1vuqnY788FSOCxKlJVKNWUWNLXdLO46Ez2t6QRoH6O0EXapS8t8AWhPo0scmq04ir9YA+Mbv9sZnyISEOVkHqmO8xwuNIU7mvd\/\/OkKjdap0OzNzsVnhZi8Nbi99pUHnY9vt9mwsvMAKFEj0myMZZfzAc2BGtS86KxJ6DlNwtDNJMDpqAbUHur5vWw0dIIemMI+qLtb05oAqnCeplQFvEsf4epxJHKdfytH3m2bT93nsydo45E3\/nopAvVDBCbjnoKVB5Dm1v8k66sg5FGcDgZ+5bNu4VKTue5qg8K1FZjM46O2uMyDcKfcPXURb5YjgY7AFuI540qzV9npxfHPBc5IG70ksx49JhwfpmM0S+6PekoPPR9AE6o3p+pv62qRs59+95+PjzDk4vd+vfeM\/Vj5QmXXTfED\/TdlLTqMq26E6EEqrABF3uN4i4TSDUrhkfwmuMYCNJrFZPMXqwW3eSvWuJRWuTly9XQV2L8trPZVuX3VZvK\/TxoNUBRH6iRL6tEP6HjOETdpC9BM5kg6Rg3TZf+W4W4HC6WOP9yF+D7+hCDL469If9nP0XR+pkMAYUHQrB\/tKHjO7uxEGVe2T+6tuu54ViatPtHL\/Vdf0eXWSfwb1W9fwzi0AnB+KSuQLp\/TNwkTBKqFOTF\/jGzMzcLxtK4SPePOwhcEDGFFmza\/WMAgjT0qDZhUewfIxBlO6p3GORy\/7jNYi+lO4iu7PaP6S52t9lYjLTH\/aMPgoCuGXOZ\/SO0o10YU3UUjQX2j0EWZQFgi+P9Y7IDUZCwxcn+cQfQP7Y4RYOJsjhT+WNjn+Uu+eTDd\/lKukGw6f9rP+1cfjGhD5PM4xczczMHpuxiJrtkm9iyxQQ7sN1l\/GJ6me\/5gF9MJ3Gg63KLGcKts91KFjPexTHTJl7MLdjCKBAW083CjO5Gt5jACwMn5RcziZIkFRczjnzgiovpZVvgiYsJoih0obCYW4D+CYtJ+idcNBEf+iZBi4ngpA\/HVhk92q04OiT+XPD\/LAuu4PdlYzWXWG4SHiIyBZvpHSBQmwSWUIYHTosdCNMpCmlMp9fjysLYR+u16AszITAvMMw85wjkn\/SQ\/Al147Hysq0rLRiJ2\/nKoCg2fxjZEHzoYTFm9dvKXa+JnLqlQoPQfPghj3EVdZ7j5nIn1dmVCiGEfqdzcJ0BQEJ\/TUfJsISm\/bi+FFBlmmVcbDmkITW6l\/7igrTKeq463d2bkU0rsO0ViU\/10BJ5T\/7r2wbFYqH1dJ7sQOq9xF+tWvaT7fW3JeRWIwYFKBMo+iGheZihGpIRFjClBthjMFCidOAmRzPc\/I4lSNyxQ4nTVCTv7Ebw6zccyEhdJBqhYSPJ1XYi8jnyzGvutld7psLewOtuITucBH+DthEDYjh3I+ORYFSyMToATajbXyXjuTerYp\/l9eDTIQd\/sM1qWv26Ql3qWCqHXL3YJk41Ql8XhzP3KaKO3xy1EXZJRgjNTKKuzrtGZcfJlmDr7mZJJyT1MMGwaOdzqG2T0Qv7lW\/bXdjsb86TL+VyIjdQ7XhJRKZjo+VSKfdEkpBcCad5DbswJbLpjEwa8oMcTVeePHcXKS4Tqzve7vbgkpJNPHlW0gePNaIpU3zWs3tw3H4iJzkD5vXzPuHZIjtyb4KbCaAvg7eE3c+NS8FqkXHegxkgYt8s5nAdw7wDZzOsYl+2R9KFL4hC1gpW61Bz9UkclCIw1zY5JRRsRIReEelu3Nzj9YFju8HU5uZ1gq1KJzDY05QoHeBD3UfJbdTqUfuWlyo9pb+C1X9tkS10nSMVIHZhZXnbbycXrU23pYiXGIOQ6dp3A8hUTSFhpcQCUDbo1qi6tF8f0AAfvn9jQKPUPwzlf21b9CvYCn5lzMDJ8fZasTlc4YuKraKMoKmWrWAjIWBb\/TKm0I26LsyaDQivb5eMFf+JUrG\/IwOdmYdcz8S3CGZl+BVkNQvjFSABgXGRQI5dA1ki3RVLz4haNdIzgTObPZbp85pH4KEvC2jYuRmntVl\/8Gm+uaWGWUe3WZWKo33hiW7f6RCf0XdOxxnELaKmP886kGc2a3pgh\/c\/sJf3tPzVW18\/fZX2ZdV+GbCcqN6slYBODEndtUWBJ1DbPkKWMpmCsdNBvuiYqWJ4yJd7ADdkPUC9cJCDI7XfRN8mbw6TmbXyTpPc8JrlWiZu7WxnLjCkbgJYnAsFq8eelJjVr37FIZAizoXJl1gJXM+YMlNVXDODc+ZJJWDABk0+5KUkTL\/feGFm9asgiaxvk5qG5u8tOMkrniU7eWoHTqbVzhyDYHmQJXQkPIKEiiL6woU1iZ03F+6y\/HBlXTEpZiPXpsh92fmw16dsRcjd\/d8IyCE\/IQYD1mvqjZh6o86bFyteSzWgfU7zScRHNuTn+HdnnkdweATmqn+QHfHfa7lDwfkw3R7ehH2Dx\/EXOKLp657khxIUzSotVMcVlZdxOF5P4ADZzkjjnSXdQeEoTI+oAtSp\/mfXx+Fp103sugPbOk\/WrJ+GJwmRRfZ8F57MOiZhVt3PKrPajzNku232ejcKycvc5Atv0ANVEQCTKYW8gOj1vEcnxDNfiD3Ke5Mitaim69by69ay69ay69au53sIN9alzAkCFH8tymTLsu9sxsLiyjceBk4U15fdwgkVM2awjuUNN6P+FDNljzKx13yFUjZKOPKxalqCZvX1AYkREr2Ou4YZ5nf8FENgaTTMRY13+pJU0Mfiay+vqDo02qXmWLWNp0XdMyRgKqdp3V1ryQnnDvOib\/2HMsnrOS8KLFRd2mNV46D\/a3cY7tn9m+YN8npTehecCyutWkVICeWR35\/V1HVydDPoCH12c90V8QPsJzuQng7dMAhwqknEW9jd8w0KOjFpm6TXngNkxANqL\/D9GIa1KvKrMZylsq46Lw8zzVrOU8AYtpAaSmYRx3Iag82jkdAZDfRzfZ\/TomuTmTvdoLGyKRkpog7GiEzo5X7hS31HqQ1Ji9Zb5RlzLqwSnOB1FvKLgFcSImHMyFFpIpIRkViltOadC+tQqZ8dqxNk4addfTNXDirQcMNNgg2Y9LNPY9bAIuvB500jtEay7HJmEodhBjuiW9j9HmQtDt7qgVxW\/+d\/r9pj3qzO4AAf5gdKCUA185lS8pEUEDkiwkbnDqeJDzkXOFLvnkFeErEh0jm699zQxOzW5RvRRO\/I4IhH234PU8CNZ6a\/n\/51Og+KG0xcT+pkZzb2w9n5I\/Y2vkmjMhkvC7uR92D176u\/EJ0CZV\/ezPx0+PA6eALKKEIb+jA5M51WQYcya2hcsi44Ceu8dWG8z4jDhFoqRGSdfGfb9OQKCv0B9TcKWfv+DRuNn0hBDOr1ZLiNrrarKuiW9M+eUR1G6UzNon\/KJj9cRwviCv1e\/daLTjjNmCynUMjkvFx2fuCmZoUqoS8szIFmSWcOovONa0dIgRo4lo8VKZ6DMRUhWORmv3roMjaBA1zVEKQPvDhXwzY53nJbbk9D4+qmhMTT4b6jLu9JX58nfAw4OU3iGYL1FJPhnGGNEwHnr1jGsNX7F\/e3rc4L050a+I4hZzyCNveb8+RJD8zZoHOLPfjIcPOivQ719gI8DsitX6Hlpc80mtbw4sp+CptVconzxIrhHzmsv9hP7sZ+2m7Q\/3f0JPGqhcLiQCcGzo83BZNapi\/pmTn+YnSU72LddV2pD1p4CoGYuFgwXdUpaI7X7n30N6hrNF53FejXA6W2Me\/SgGEwo2fJcVELNCGQj1b2kxc0G7rprqhC5Nt+kF\/6vgx\/VuV1Ch+kqxbtitCw1roQa2X9ZMW6t4Fh5Vll3mXHsM40P12pvrjavhzzVraW9AUCRxi+YRJfcp5VxUdX\/6Uuvjz25Ye1KZSL++QaB0aO7ZZVCgXoNwYzX7vzKgHGhQFyl9NDx6jFaE+a7lG1DNVPU3gDC23X2Hkzdpkmyw+Kagm+zvNIYCNKLQpcJiPE4cxjeVXnmMFqTVPiWHHnKEoOnkGJbvYILmP3UlxD0B7hyntymxUEDbL2WtWlXeVllpd5q13orNYOvsMxUcbvMlzZo+ZkijQJvDyzqpupTxj4FZYgzPhTv6F+LGwpq69mvAihHi9DQRLsVK4tM1fIN5QxXan6xyKGTycmJedtci\/EJ5JkWJTelPZuMrIzqF8ULEF7YNwNqYqY3cR+D5CXoEyOiA8T8F+1JKrtbmmwZIYd9iIpUUm6aiAa\/\/UFfmQ1OMGGZ0lX+5cNkkev1FibBBTwi7N+ptnaj0D60lMQ0O\/90IqhyD+F0pHQb063JWrdqINgc+WoeyiUp1AfDoUbf7lOaMuiCuPMU2BCnQKj5WfIMM5CUJpEPSm5j8RK7gRSJ4aJbYuB7TjI0puiCj1pmhe9HFpRoY0sMJrz5EkQ3nthgFrIaNZC2pF+VlCPxl9Vli1ALOuNBm0zK4TAu5vj7v2uhMahrBhX3lATfMN+08Xe\/LxwGbr59mpq0JjHDfyl3ECIg3S1WMHUN7qM5pJ4yW5buPeNmKT7cwJFwdtADEMPXfVsa5Ui2GJEH5pLBBO2sPQopAIyZr7YDDvFfD29blu2M44mk2u77rAtzK6wJyoxvpNm0\/giSD\/iJj0ga8pgN4d+BQvvqecfP9PjZdyo7nPBP9QeG2xPA4woXF8fIm\/gSDIhHCFYRHA+Q1AjB9pO0xSQUO8AOrowsXpARyO7M85xHZy9uYFozIiuAFY2cTnoaxrNTnVuAtQsd9LUIDn3zxBy3Yy+6LLJ9VVqgRqHqTKB+SeSFKjTuwD8C2SmP5zq\/EzrIYgjPhsHmw\/6x7Kbmh8T8yHuQyPui25Ppb4AtoLzcsiAog\/AkG52CVeef7s2C2KYhp0nOiJvRqWtL2Pb2NLcTC2BUV7FqUoUwOwLMfyGalfqayWPRtDxfD3Hx3WNv15K8+vfpDzxPeANRFMSkda8lyTpFHiVgc7nzD4rtH2iJ8isT1rB1p0r2J7qz74vO52NIOYnQe3DBTchp\/RuVxn6ZsY\/q\/KeVxRsQlEmZshW2UhkUj3yBqIAUZF\/BhPUGGncgijfDCMR3cTvgnK56Jww0P88TB+v8+CSOKuG5GS9V2TyeM4uPL616xP691sf3Yo8rB6oNXmY9kzRzei9TECvBzr40HMn1G5KDDMOVJ+80KHMouGEB0xy5VyNVS6gR\/huNS08N9d5ZPzjxtRvirtG+npx4qRGbi9a+fu40V8wb\/TzPSXbG+eo63xcu5ARBIT9\/v2WOHO0ZtL7\/fky13GgATQAqauLr6McUAtHm4HnyeSFYVc37VYy63oNf28eiOIrEph9ljeYXnefHhPyXiuN41CGYBuDivOrNj8pA2M599CaSG5Ed2P4\/eIwJiqJ2mxMCFSlHlVpbyxENA9TXTWdudBYRdXFOeIKcyXE3vJ7OjtUx2ahNs\/Hqyk8nqZdLjGarsG0gs1NptqhFjT5TJrzRbq7cXQIavZQmayQOzVTKUyqujvVLmUKcVfIo+GnQUbHbgFBI7gndxuc0doi3sU7ulv4b9eR41In24Ec9PW\/XP9+rrJJl0rz66f5VzyUKDZHv4h4\/aI\/0qaambTF9VkJ+3VVXG6E1Fa8g\/1MbTZXLLx02c3s38Nc0Aef2pvZVSbvnX\/SoVZnpTfsGc+igEBti6v8ugB9eqjz59u4zyCvm+v8qJAeoIHcV+VlB+ZBRGFM1RvWqatZXw2xjZmqkQNTSuruJNm6eltY1zFvqV4i50BJRRpJg4y1NQHhIzwOqRNm7or4\/aTQOLHNkspciVSG6UdXy\/FqHvqMl+J8TG8+ttj7BBtd7\/7HBI7oR1rOuY1V+1h2tfGn0s0yHTC0o2FQcFGynrgBkt+9GzsQmdo0XZnPlxdob2xw3eSyZmN4e9NN2C13N10Vqjt63qnAmC74FNY42SW3GANaN50Fwb17ok+yz0KtZKAfjLHIOVvl9yX5pN+OeQvxW3i7IIOEnmOC9Lowlr7\/fspFY\/J7ZuUnRJXJ+8Dnu\/XlZfmwEKrZ5LIP+8HXe60kxASuu+\/B0RmU8\/HOvVvQWs+qGbcmFQQfiY+n2bGgELCoeAK\/DzpADuEyfa6fpkYTUGffVbFe4frcZOxLOatQ0fBnW4METl+JP6NUgz1gLgYdWnnE+mgiiIvjuFkYtyYMEGivGZseBdkK218R7zMxSqZ5rbW\/mB5SMSyTIwXDy5Gto7Qq6g4bEy\/KXhCqT6DQddCQViarmMWdFzPMND+dj3RUmBdp72mGni2LllI6mKaXCl9bdK7Bm8nXkNV8vjf78YQyVhIQxRbEVwnWlgZ0kyxOUVyF5F8Mspr9i7HISXIVCMEzPCMkfHBsFRZFfm7yZq7UoTYbMMNbQk0dNB\/SdzsQt9P3zYA0kV6q4deI4RpfcpRH\/QGn+MYgQBZ8PxdVDeuxJAO\/r8f9Huic9e\/ch\/VidFaEqoGQcBibbUADdfRmbowcq8ss6+rgVX7OnCNXAXXAlLQThnWTifH\/\/\/a+hMdxJEvvr9AaNFCqJnMo6qisFKrgmVnvrr2e8cBjG170pg1KjJTYSZFsksrMaqL2txsvgkfcB6XMqjF6B9ullMi448WLd3zfrWRgNKD8DKTuLs6TgQ6Sw+VVvA+vfO4kAAZQG8ivXzqUA8qzSDbVltDq7uKqn5jmmOaW5Q\/Sxn63dl3sSyNEyS3L9RNyOpqocLkU7gSuIi2BReVseeRlBZ0X\/z2J+HCp1+MwhKf3gNnvhBKJjtOQ4KEp0QDM5YvyZCUTBTRXTWiWBT+lyf\/5NCN\/g8h+ivdfArLZLV9qUHWq3V7J0CHOAnr\/LSOzmFY0lV1GExo+uYC+G58VrDFWOSUrJmDtlucsWd26IDzqR0pYThMG65Iy+vHSL+vw8r7p+EysO+daiLR3olCQoJIuv05B7tcJ07u7HXooKmQl2igsQQYm1D03ilm5GC1fI560NBaqNjkG1bn1WLScyGCuxqskVnPIPxGPLSjNB147tofCIpWAA2KDgXA8EvPLBwtPu6rWLtlSctVRX9kNPUhz6+IUC\/933S7Lq+AQN+g5\/iIQRPDn+mfqb5ZGT0e8ZGFBev0m9pijDpoJ1qd7eYR33b6BU3n8Dv7kNemVTJM24qlb1nWRnLetA3Rm5DWJf83SjuwwfZSM0kf1Xjimpe8i0OGFVmltwj9LbtGf33fsHPEBPd8twnD\/S+oEg9+7mk9xiZ3Mzyf8zyHD\/yQ5wcMkxBqPw1N7+kPwkKKMEDNgiTyyxMBTn7viPpPS5\/OeaWW0rmYIJcHzCECOO4Oz\/6U0LER6CAVkBNh+jZH0ubI6zrZQYm6mI8cNKJi4nnv6z0Sl8BLkVXwb\/MyOE\/u6ajCUnSc4+HzXe6SEnptoWke5hlNsVbmv64TPjdC8tYXvU1MzcARD\/TJVLTzr5TsfeB7gaO9PzGE8683cFVaVPjcqCvSwlxHdHy82pHiHKn2RhfaN7VvPmRg\/+gdNmUEFsAESPeaiPBbctHDrgiR\/LUfvNMTjYSgG1XjE855tJdoV2W0RD71Mbt5Lype9uE5gGNVAHm\/8uu0jU4pp0LSkTmnwlD6liW\/mHZuDFgx0aBRsIWE5BJMnPWP9JQjn3cPFlgGUw0MAssOLblbgx4TmDUByNGbTRw73aXizbQrKlRKM4xbd6myS+H0MWmjcKGocpw1NT4BtoFH\/n8kwLzbEvUPjZegOdvSSuAjFNaNbaGG\/uDBrR29iWtALbWHPOkJt2EE8iG5KhyVoHJssZoiihh7LSQqvUu+jG7x+SK6MMgQ6HdiDs08Lt61pzXQUclitSb5DXOeJygUwOvOnMkfgmg5FK1SgnakydQu8XisSOx3TYdyTGGxOkccyVSUJjMaL214+4U+hjEVIIrmsUbtt5dZjmVJbU57NKWmaqUyKDK7l09lpKMLQuC6okvhcaJ5sSOfE5ZHhtKu3SpPLma857XEztzcj41bsi6y1ncU6TZBJedW9z2eTMC3dxTXCSTPTg3XHDUYtafdNJ8BuWslMDWUW6fxpyjnBB6ZNgAnSLFd7zyPuQoaSA3bhTQ8LJvov7Y3TLfzVShMXTDhBJMt9y7JxXzFPnCig8cmdUEeexqedHJZcRC\/BwNC4k23NJQc6aiqksQ\/8ojHqohVnGJduG308lZBHZ7GMgqaL6nNPwrMY0aS9XH8Z7xUDJ2nxMvCT4tL2WXwq76It9QCAeYPs65n5tnxokanpVWuX6QVxenapnrjoc55eR9vFwdKmoRsDG8oXb3P1WHJH6ZcUrhJcve\/fRFw\/FMWIzNi5sWQq+QUaOAlAkdH7GFQusHbXlgySpnLc0+RZ2cVozCF2A7ypLcsBrRPUHmc5CWN0OfwfLiqti6vsgVv92adVQqy5LU2lfKYdwddQSBnAyWurHYOjlTqrtbBlavBNYhqIDwokCBq3F5v3cG+Y2Go3YWzM6HE8Ti4QWBiN2017U1dps2Nkl0knxdGF2lYTMaoPExtdCFfBMxLM8L6lNdzGE05ZcRkqxutxn4\/mxLw5EpPFuyD\/MZozSCWhw9tFkswn2mqthwRbt9zg143mCRV970P1VbfY1ptL1hqUbpp697HkZoSbzAsXi8XYO22d4lkJQiMwJ5uvAizVL38FIHdmMSDmQvQvYW\/zuF+Kdj+fiAP2lH2aZUUMG7wLoHg+dWBw1oyt5rLc\/IRd3FU4UrNGA3ipDYgEq9ixbjFo0TE9nVAFhkM5y9LWEl7Atu+cC3JsZ9C9AQhsqPZn\/5X86eE\/Z3P1CIEniKQ1hD+Mo7TcUncd\/BEW9btgHf7gw3\/mLNQIZb5zU8Gn6NlcVjSd\/GubwK+90EmnjPVrjlPfPlTFqZUN1v9+F0AK0fxrUyh+X67g5wt3rcOOsd7PQY0wrravfCCLv0hDsrtoqgwiKyp07xsuOfLfa+1v6nYlqG7AxTQ9E5K+dRJoJrCh\/4qXzXA5YC+j4KqgL6OL6FVvozQDocUt1Jb3PrLJX5OZM0RQBdllVwGOTa613iIKT\/XYRJCjc5+++MqfUP9kXNjkcm1Y3sqHuEWuLYy7z+sWvP4JU6u7xW+VM729wKowDqI0AdEwpg7vkEFxADVnKAzMLAcTSAyoBWTDODAsJNPD\/IKyKLxbMlZPCu2diAelykhFZlwD8lxQH1GW6R2SS0q1YGLszDI1QQ\/xOWsmWfbqc\/UQ79Xoel3bnbLrShSgHWdKsIUnlGomvCYjdUmpg2LUzSTpMFIPujRbztFTpK64aI6oqn3l7\/u4VP\/ImMtDwZtlUh7h+ktx3kPmy\/5oaqpHBNL+XMERfH8lNCdEMAZ9\/c9eYUmwtNXusEgzH5ApEoyDSm9LGvyiXsy\/49WMgRTt3NU40Oah0\/gi+gJBCSJiZWWHcLAV0zHLatFUn3dNppMuObnzQ74JxkTwlvQAL\/EAr+WoitPAh2CY2mttYxJR14HUksaurtzYU+u4v7\/q5YZ2iyy4uReD0p1XQH84yZpVojaAhpGlfWde+1v8OOCPCA\/jb30pVEn3WpFTLxW5L7l4d0+m+dPdgnwEcPXg+S4COgjqm+PdAuxb2wk5iV2out0VHy+sjXQXkMuMbTDrZdrD6NTfZ2lphWp0UyLvva\/4XmdtJ78Tg4\/8Hqqo7e75iCr07hj5x6V\/XPmlX2T+OfOTzE8S\/yE9nCs0lx4k+gJxKfPWxmlXImANuklb5nzF0T\/ddhm\/6HFnuiP1T7AetgLzjIRmHErewyLC067ggOlYpzQN7XpHUJv82E\/z8tz4PzXxDtvC7ue2uvOwga2V5xLhZJrJWSCSDcWc2Iz+rAu7oh9U\/bHiJJ4h5HTcThM0bhgYeKfEkY7MIgq3BsmtKM8OBsI1BEpmERFAhRSgP4qG1mfIRPxCn6gr1+OfRijSUqq+YgeuQjyJ9xThnNRtEmzhEy+SVjY\/NjZAXG\/6Zn0md\/d433yaQVtm9+0ocbgI6U5HUAEDlyj4Gca\/5YjydFtADpaL43LIFrcJQ4OKi3OVoy+13HbK9Ii7NGGYrNe9m\/dnOB1dNmjshg51aHyOEUeMJngaUxOHLCkO7UaqGUpyPvnsYTfTrtzxsZTSuxGtiDfOWsajieNnb\/cQ3+1Mknph4A6fK2mkva2QOn8MEl6Eggzx\/xb0ZbG\/5alzQKC1p6KS60UrXi9aqdf1CeVnNeoEcxnBydewP70fmRU9ZyEqumyOwfe3kZ2wUReDxzQ8WhOCC04knNL83QoAcnzsAMMP0N3bhE9HSjCxbKDM1jPLlQuC+YYFQE\/xWD3+Ap96WfxlrpuOfnP4mmcm7SPqRR4ARZTBkhGUiSL2LBp1WFr6vK7UolSalVRqGblWLcZL7SvhH2S1e4PjxNk+ws8\/sR4e0f6RElFuRkTZTLKejvEmomgSsG9fx0vKLDb+pFxKpcYy0p6fq7cy9dvzgC8lwOXyA3aC93MoNjlXwUNcN3MLbyaZw8nQ893roMM+qdd8d5LqSkjSGpBZFBDo\/a\/queguKv0w5gVs\/Kx4lrN+kUr7KZK0m7qCyzyA1M\/890U+N9eoGe+0O4lEyxs5oHSl16dWunN0OqaiuPR73tmRbGdbnTvXU5TtdvFF+9W\/bF+ntht70mGUXr7v06kbn5k36x2fpPX+mtc3+0Uafi8LUjMyr3e5gtKJuoJeyjhPbPUVRXFOlx9mBw7Ow8lbCuqWd6VrEeWfrIoGIh0XtwC6Ii2wruT3L7pTfJ\/KF9GqBi6EoIzBqo3vY+9wXKXsij5ECJLlAGw1cVXLQwLJmeLrThtfva999Vrwre7gFhq3cNhhtDvhMMFwdypjbrzjc9HUHjyNinllU\/ZWAKAevvgyTLs1AnXXT++nqsjQp1kT72b3ckEonteq9F9h2NWDtJQIQmq45DdHBskLPxfwOEdGYSkS+6ysT257A5cwtDaS1LYsImxqlKF9Y33P48fY8U63L85542RfwG8IK0pJGCWaf0LtAlpc5yLX2RwEatGVqztEMQokI5bfHKHuaadRLsHBJ41oM6HKySCtFJUcqrg8TkAG9nAq+7slTKUfbZ6e\/eXtCmODUWNBnsEpQv6H6Onof8DZQir3jyLjQzwAedVa4bkfn0pPEM7uwRqJsxEfbZ9W+wz5qqUFq4+FQLuJ5PBnOHcSh5Z0YuVQxbttU5z3x87fc+eVcR582Q5OYM3E44G4SWtYMzmwSNCl7tL8oHjvuagYMNxBxehSWYbMll5pAewB4sv3wu0zMFntj3EOIzU8oqsKmnjIUligrYXelcF1ltW7yHeKOiCkzNJgLUBigtwgJOCqiCrlmTxye+niOXroupsPitZX5wxV1s2n7eq4O\/RxC9KSSkOyi1hx1FCEPWabf9TH\/nHxCPruajWwzmrAeS71Fy9+uGRqjHxcFKtkGBghWjF6jWhF4bZn4143TQfhSLrQKT+WxrnlKZuYpUMeMIVq5RqBSRawZl2WIRTfCvE\/aguDGB\/0hPZNUQXo4QHtG1xKUO\/jDJYdeZi5XnYygBFygkmHvKd9RtMdEiPQfCnRp9kBBicHPr\/Zfc\/pC4s3rirYSRtvZVkQzhZDqnIgXERXEgj9IudIv6i1YME2TJWUFDlSEIhpda\/h\/fQ0cpfdqNqNKZsFGkcb1yt+s+sy\/b5RqUZZvEOZ9DDW50d6sOLQu6GaNH+az+k8MSs9WbRnW\/nkLvN2RJpoI5k8c9jbHJTrMJgSWJkkrTqIeI+oruobvjLqjfkjmrM2mmGESWgre\/qwPx7fyhNtOk5EzyhLxakzZFvJOSbrzmzpvpozC+f6mxFv9NHdXTmiQNlonlYEjSiwb+kNKfM+EfrQYV3iCAxmPQawgubWP0T9D5oeeDcCfbqFZVzi1MH3eYN9Wp5SbYUOpu2CwGsjs0CwNtZb3sgKX1Chapc1ByzDrblCbSl5h72kD8GcYnEi5T8mrVphtTeFkcIOWasMV2RHHqvmzEBEFiM\/aGyGVuCBN0a7MNXDF45h5NpGNCxQ00ZCDeUaKPw6oIKjfZmgsMX5FxzNzkdsMrv8ZoNO2u6fRJwqkdH5GjcfJR2qKWi\/a+hDI6WOwCt2ikC8ds5Pb6MQkqOiayVHDUMBijEJG5bduq0H3lVopIXGI8Hm0y3kXgkLAUmpgllT2S6OtJCI8EgmuZwzUKR8JGn1aVY1GYBvUG2Q+MPujkXdvKNemLMDSklzfIkAIJH59pynAIUW7NIkvfPSuoALh14rQJWt4S3AAC4y4jJ5Yva3vr5wRoseAkZzcXE07GgHtiyqxnJgAVSHWYG8DnE7wGJzM7KyghFRXDos6B2MPbxJ81a2IoK1QevBLxfnphWjjA3vEvPGYwpMwEDVNijifb4ZsfJZloDbOxbBhEt2e3klpwAJpqpkdPUoT8bKR6dejz5F4Z0Pv\/W9LM4KfiZJNQnap3Va5HxdTD+F2sivk+qLm7hGzUwV7SzMQnGu9kg\/DUvrVXEqEkRELOxBZ242aZlx1aCHeG\/fpQriO2FyqQiOssi+HIr8XeiF\/hh3H+ADZu6FOBIe\/9F9CsMf\/NAjAFGW6+kFVfu0FofSeRDrJgaNIrHu8D6Lz3TFstVsrBvn891bsih1pmRwyIHMIP+xE4k2ocGDGyZYTM1PHDsGZJXo0wxsoLAy66a9THx05aX5X6viAHaJceDdIgK0RYoNdS\/vOU6bDm+sbnzLl0CwJ4b6TZBoeRGUg\/1bFQZl7D7WDylQNLDflGkuujuDU\/wy53mvvtKYcN2rLYv11seSNecqn6timX4tipNJm0DM4oT4Jb2utqIunFYRkyGbXPdGAfgj3KBmbMa4ZmkinhiVcmsXleJ6bOC2FOemPNuYqsRwttvBuLYarOxTroEWNyZVGGSapxeuNNnPTIY\/bxr6uPkWy0kwhFv6XGGEJLdGqcHJjHnVF3hzCnKF20qPCjK+PsV3xbyMPXRcG8z+ub6IJ75mYue29B4uzB5ZFQhAmtvetDhHj046RnN5uqEpVeFVFi0vEtzj2sxiFJxY2uCwqngW4CSEiDhXssRLESCw6y2lIx9UmaJ0LJ2DB3FlqPnz+9Zoa+oehS1WP8fl6HQKDb0yueZcvGfESdlOA8aAl73jkjH53l5u8VbGoYA\/\/W2wwywEHGiGZytaE7WgUFo1NTwPk8auLGqNi0YQJMtXwAtRQ34I8FzX4I0c98tQzduxM3GVQxJJsCuSL3ax1aNcKEokaT5xbEkajk3OVmzdimokDQWBoMmNIU+L\/hBuSo0l2NbXki1To+yBASuRGUKxMSVYeO+Zps3l0CqKh1VNQU18EXCdVrTAmWoXkf1RYAi4Hrpg1xAvUd3Pya9DiLoZ69AQikr7vDQexJW+seIJsbn4hFhZ0vfJrzqRfngTQ3KHxinH+W4V1Tw+OYX3w5rywfXbGdrmKpIOXLR6ecBvmsWxECZaV0f7CsNvzUtmowo5cZOJwVgW2EErGi2edZBGV82XmQ4ab6NE2MAeaAbZKdRrYvpqsa8nasRZmj\/WvrJYzGcmh8jRFejFrSle3iZrLxKgT6l7txx+wm6Hdo10izaXhnlYY6h1VZLVQCp2pwW9iZTu2qFLtmnHbqf8OaNWhJelrd1Ag86Wx0\/uIXuL+VYZ7vJKoSsqfX8AqVPtvs4r2UpRidRoL0wah034wNyEdW2pxFbn3O0QUWxXU0jyaipu8FQrSnXOPQ6jMJqYwt9U8f5Rltk3AhYSAzA7JZJh0rQVw6\/+1KU4QBbb7F5ije3AVVRyUA5X0iPeqq4DcfWozmuhsroEe\/lKEtThEBWPK\/bsTPMha3CP1OEkXNTGQktxpb\/JnPPe8XEVB4bcN0KrU9axYUr5hFBi1VjVyVEc7EWXazigi034AuR3cRdsVOKPCIiXJt6R6DUWIV2zdM1Q6hbG9jeXidDqYBdXrtcGB1HWV3Ep3mOGDihP1A3tVC7Bss1zF4TslAhAFVJUCoHJeELQr7ZfBuTEeFec3SANSLFElbSBylAFpZrM\/n0915hc76Z+NgGlR5dEAzoHWxqbe1mgnrwcTbgeDjDi+2zlbZDWJI\/MI5WQWDjH9EJ5NdrIvOvX1sflTQu0U4zU5JgzeXlg3zJGM\/XLt889NdaR5YbtE8rPF8wYKVtVWm1orFWZ1qsJtbTZF2zJdJ6vLoazaZQFYznqxnginBgCyu+HSM6WRFibQI8VskimeoBwad7Okgb8UjcbJgC3OvkMrkVU1sBYPwXIQVdm76x9bQcqtSOV9t\/V3MZGS5qdoCZOs7q9qiECl9xTJthzPkUd8RNRfuyYAwT8rFsKKaa3hApUXBq\/ik2f7u56F2E3fPi2aEO8LpR0AVgsU9CQ10gvwCs5zbiKmmtQVInFPto1X717pnbsBrtJqTSakN1L2H+JF+iPZIn+6EWMM3M5Nxi8lhJJfRsqJXWTnhA8Kds6sDWCju2oi58ZvubdTVGI4d6lNDTiZYM1Vtp6ep7jJ2S8a8ows0zG0aX8\/hmZ9GxNOz+PsS7azi50hQjQ7ywcv8k+sfxOgLRVoAWbEQd+eQEKKjVS10AQoIoj18jL42qUe2\/\/yHsuDew0cuv2JXJ4ey2\/v0FzaSD3u1Uxx8BcZXFZIyxq8CdLuz0u12uOvvbnpLXYLOI6nRL30IcY9SU1RWloOoAyNcdvEBPn1r\/etmDCW9P3NrnZtypLr0az1xbaickYIpTPYDAXtLLLWVq5yjpJo\/ZW2pTxmrxy6FQ2X1ozk7IKXc8MZqNdWBMXCQzqU4qe7TT5CpUobt4RPSXNMr9TRrATCisjc+uQXwgEtb4ha1KkDSwrlqH70JruvkvOySURCQ7inV3dU5woGUqAE1py7Z94kUdVVVRTsFCjMSMM2tOnFYTR8gajlbY6UFTF4gHWX9GVqQugV6cpwgoktFCM2Wk9nm\/seghdHUfDbjQTFY3ZACtNZxRGddkwf9h8sBhlut8fwqejLgXJ\/urK3Jf4QdQwavpGKF4pKriWOpLzbVSnOLsOqouWC1DD7adlCON81h2ToIy876sx25L8rZh\/FbmtDlsW8hu6AzOst1QGJrMIywqyfzSLzle6q9XaoCquq6Nz9G0dhkbfkG9lioXZ1CJNE0NwvAP\/CCprGgFel3fGWNw+30iis7\/aApPQ0SNwrhPSBH\/K69Aq5escgop1tZr3xvrkoCrGeAffmAqqYG4mjag+zXAkAp41BsPGFs1FgRXThZB11RwKy7GRv+c0NlgW+lriV\/WvvjLYwtea\/n21oV4f1e5rU54suCrsSC+wocDXI4r5esQt3wDuxC6YMovhYvOiOAPu0vrdXRbnh3dxNffJp3M1n7esheWOVSbjKt4B8TutXMoeUdSJa3mIDZU8xIYqHuK5faceYrp7HjwyGN58BvbYp1HzfBo60WcRk3w6ZWKMjqe9L77MpOyLV3p\/sPLMBZw+7Bvgb+wqAvZdkrbW+E\/5S9AH9OwyhBK881sOWF2gNgrtiupHeBhSfKT2p26\/mfsjc67QtuAAP0PXffoOMLfujUaRu6Toz+SroD6ijANDFIsPnZqboyx4+XxTn1oluVToXB6ZjfrUzUZ9CpqiyGr86ZWHn63\/FDdV+gL6Kq4bfGDzVndZlrVgNVczdCSfS1U8PlZxWhfvdPeK6Q47XIXSnLpxai5CeFTu8gLO60Frw4rq7H7eStGFyUAefdDO5zwlLvxJwrKCHTrGTyk0V0Me3s0KZ8WwzHSklihpPTrtUJKg5L6VJILzWAiybHJ8KWay2pQLjBo0OAbOWdbpOX2XRDaS1S3YeHqkpeTp6AXjVILSFDRF6QNNyfBDJ7aCI\/n6R\/7rNEHCCyDegqO\/Agjeuf8x1PCeqEfQg02BVXC6HwO3O0s7M8nSoV96fCXC8sO9UhltwIDKoeTg77woCk+1tz\/v0n2wQ7+mqHp3E\/mhH\/qLubcrmiMHkENKeqgKCpo5lOKo\/+s76OvXphgfXGy5w\/OrOyS9CFBBQUQ7It7n6KWxRs\/fivj8K2\/jBizVyojIAwgiC13wm4a2y+L1tpNhprwbKLSJD9MBJznPqCXcpHPCyNXh8q+JOnkV3CtmibIbFw4CoD+qTWBW8CCAWVELt\/c5BFH4VRd2f9Ajwr4C0JS2NVQ+gB1+1HJELHKFiOJrVGDLX7b0ZHIA\/regk0ntAhV07E9Yxl5kGRSPDqXc1msBHCdRDVeqLzKpwoLnG7SA\/rinLOa3DGGCUIEHGwdwWNy7gAkrL+3Cj3JFxqZnH2x7dsGM4xHQmuDHJ\/B4CMtNtU6PSM7BogTcFdGf4HsDZcs4WpsxV8w+ysYpdIZnJ7OSgDw1gypsRis+ZHlpW14f43CJdOu+nx+y6ov8ntLZLpQfZN4tV4lH2Dbb3tESlyWKKwjIvgN7HtxJt9R3RP0WuQXxcFBfEx8zPnnJRylOAUEmHeWyEZy8eJb6k7gsa8CXvRJzAAe\/ETmiT2BnVGfUjtPsvp3EdDtA23DXWigEHFyxkgiXr38Mix0qsfLN8OUw1lzRikDS5\/lsqyll90EqFDGDfbKUvGSMpKM4U+jFGVpQDY5LN7jFV4pbRpswoYb\/XKO42h+tTrhwlLMLCbGHLGlRQiss54EKvwmEnzWkhprHGM9A+ivuRB8bULzoR9s2fgjXtD\/XYvjQQhk+9DNGa3ZDuSDvGFL6foal75TS9\/OhZ\/ngzuCQvk7ICSUF0uBvhTOHu90atAo+5FFbj8Q8+WFzqzYRYSXaihIYi3MNtoEYKrrUR05Q3YKg9q9a76EliEbnr1fER6A80b\/3mYNEmN3LkfWUV11KJJfp\/vG+E+yht2CPQxOAG18OeyCNgo3mYpcj+zhVgM8OhajlzsClgeb7ewkzt9S\/1ONxOfKNc5XEQIBeyjhPBPY5kRTb5lIvcNEL07xS7EHi\/MJ0zaZASIkgM+Cdyo6D+oR\/VfyEYZbGjJMOonZENFN04bmzvj+DN+xcpfnh0wxycLsfsTUGNXWLt2Wa4YuK2jNC3oGCgpwS328Tq5121szRSdZZN60T7anmN1zzNeRma0NROxmQ1UpO12wqqv8r3Rd5a5YjxzjF4dVKsnf2EL1VrvS+AQCuABuk7\/2SMVGGtpn3Fu2ylHyuWG1rvWLJR8K7LxxQt6emDlLFlGQvE50DwIJ+j8k36ONHtLtGKtAaLunCxslJt8VLeSBWwaXJgTXKWqHZn6y1bSjJW9yCz+wKlja6KxYWkk7dWSy+\/DuExRVlMJhl61E2qktUNcIYlNN9Oqb9p13ef\/p5eO7XY\/\/psZjPOak7PXKmPrVBUJ+6WbmzmDZpkM0WFwKI90IR+Fu+HAKOL4S0W6jeVtQP3V1yI3U7dbdJ433\/GvqaXFOiE6jkkyKPGIbv7+526KGokPp3Qh5kf1uuT94dtmu9O0b+cekfV37pnzO\/yPyH9HCu0Ly11WXGovD785ZP9da\/1MUTxj4GOPOJtdL\/qYl32BhyP7e9zg8L2jodqIsQcsW3Y\/GEDJmJllh4DF7AelqG4ST4GhgDYtMYwerIzUaCzDsBNhSCr2SX3YuJYy\/hUVU0lL5pT4UZ6xK9Xq913q61IsKh0D4UBUJCWf3mTukp\/It9Y\/X3NwPBEWX3DK+LEiwcREqWcOv8bWmPO3XTcN13VkaldZEbOJHG352Pvo\/ofC1k0ugbSuOH+HQN1G6wIShRu6chLC8j2\/31jWG6r7L9aDjuKVsK3ufiXB7iDEOG6Wngt7aIcV0l3k1+Afyo2joPRw7KLllAF4LJXMXHQHrROcF91QPYSadb79+9C0253L9q+0whFH+MZFbu6PZWrgsqCXc0a0lajCz10jSRViVF0Uqp94uJf1YX0S7IGivIfrR5evaXOPx4KwZir3Gy\/YfN09G\/hUupaiJwrLEkltzGdNO\/bu83hFFs4gOSoVULph7TdbkXpIcq3m2b4rw\/dm6kO6+M8+DLdrirmZpzhTteoL7k4So80mrevmUmNFQUinOpak3ye6gIKbKbV2lcV1NgStIMPeDyZZeM5zTLgv0RAMK7gxPEqqoSp4WT3aDR1h8sVzgeIuxDo2DXAJF5+ANjMVBHKF9RQbgsUHmpthhpRgLiQ\/GqlXqlqIXqhrEi6VdnZFM3JntqqSkI8SS8iSuG6qVJVihWhLJPh6oVl9VbQgHpUTtA92qy16QndtCzhrihSN3UQBd+\/k1YjhVtxYzG1lxDgvVNxQ4zhRL5781iAENndWVxx4qsT1JMbwGPG77os3\/25wpG4E9Q15bw5OITkCPBvVn330DJe1iPuOH0tz8XcOaQr\/UY5PUJblL71o3mW8tNZX\/vDa\/mzHydBQIj83pGJChdEbgxYb3h4i4CkocE3O+EVLFrinx0uk5SB1ZVQIbbu8VtmKDDGNLWTS7EBMdVLXeBdmLAV4+przYl+JNtr6uVTL7Ct19VN7DXEPOEz0bIXNJv4NV3dZt3jFuwZpgjQ36JRWvX5E73hV2T951rpVotl5NoqUCnQZH7EhVT1ey3ypL5LTXGNjWmn5Rrp8YMk22VGgOeTwDSukyHF382sfpEl3jHRCLKlTuyrSUDV30K8uJgu3WY5a2\/5izn18FotgDjvEwkf1UHZ2otdjSYtwrPcXTtUBBYPZ64wFokhUt8PScU9PDz+9aoauMg1mM7LS6gQ5tqucDESyMD1O7zi6nYt29Hst6Nz0hg3nWBM19ahdPXJ1yGQhHW2TcnMbN+V1aa7Km1AMzGD3o7fnSnrLMy7jCrzVU+KJOJZDRxb0FhOjTqcx8LY+TxkPHwWhU9ncFDUhSJfxuuB7MfZ2oHlRFUe4KPkbTnJ9hm9+pW\/VsULaKZ6qxtzYjEE1oGfM9erKccopRtl\/sEKXoS5PcwZN45m3h8dO9nqTv\/+3Lzw1yW3NWHPWlk3C6uMTGIDXk03cibsqh90zM5OljAmPKvqCLCWKIJDXf0+NPImnVWnyWVZVTAQh1WwrluhYC75RReT0VzD8X1EPBdhlKfpeTK2o07It9qqouzupjXjKitMjahIfJ+760uurYYZ7iu9q2TPLPZvJlonpJ4jKOVFaVepCDUo828Wl27p757iE+fZr0iOZFRjynrWFTprwAxoCitt9KPOSjT69pXRV1PZOtj0BRbIVTBfPdazbXFtgLhSo3KuII0h37jDjkVlrKfFOz1pH8ijcoEuiehWImqjsFWe4jgbfdvUKcJUrKujMX2GK13D2lVN2AVzpJWdp0PzW7HU70vSnSVIM3BuMb4j5eWqeE097MtIObQ\/tEraW93M42xr\/89aacw7LA2AruX7BaDO36FhRGT8eDA1PEMQbuiaYqT3J5m12453zER489V2sDmOxWwL4a6q2yrdMSIN9toEv+4Za4h1R8IV9PMg8CiYbJ6KWWRzmopCzdiFKSVMtVgXNii\/13ulRec9yI5kqmuS3wd3MD3iqR8KYmRh5BKvr0kY17YDKc0SZQauXTZi5GVeBwvyUJJaFJ7tVLEz9\/tgFRDKxJS6WS0sCRFQ2svKaogjvWLKjXBsTxas5rusbJot0Tr6s3Xa3nIIVsAp0qZ1adKbsanlwfvVpctFkDewiauLn\/jHbi+vmqACiZoaibWo7WczVLTCrAyu12SyFsrR5ZVJqaA9XhYRb1BpVI24IsOc1xsb8+TgV5MCjqzizihu2Rh6tkqKGCXXNKlpX21KBpb66ry4Fu5mlcvTgASOHXssoBsUSZgVjATj7qC7gwS3VB6KnQB+04AumuOab7lKcTt1aGOCF6q1TlYoIxurZFwXox3076iA\/kCmQMkR04xFIQWSTvs0jefsS3REKwXcZd6DDXR2f5cPaKTiO2dbmMaljxljuC5snLvs+CyIG1+9NYR5HWwdGHMzXO47SztEA1E3H8pyTovfCxTFpdz14ima3jPbYj3NJPjtBU62Iu3jWvXtaVpTXhBkxyIaighRoVwZSTs94Oa9lEXJGMzQRAQz59SeiT7r+qShhhB+9MB4tPsgcX5xGQ1NfbwkGDRH5PWnckp+hw0DQsnT4qhzeey4ZnsQ1euwr05qDnQZbr2jbp2ig9Hc2XgC8TdmbLeVXDbAyHQJOw1X6NsupJoions9qmIssMj0mWVy3CmXPiEI59pwNwtEV3i9jNClFKKijYBurkInVDikdTW5qAV9vnZE5Jl+0xX2+RYvI4+dy931vviIWi+lKi17qCmkL49Y8awtv04u1i24tRY0hZZq2Ka7RL0NH8TPR399Qqn4kq8KmvNAmqyVmQrVsWbi3ckOWDt294Y6eNynJ5w67jltNGOnEzmUln1wWdjpIa1YDOVNAQiSJaYpWNa+\/DEk2pNn1STIpi990L08taGKaQ+vT25ZX16ZXLL+mRLbtl7Qf1Odvl9Zqzfp5P64x3CFyPI5hfB6bkRUfaQWL4W50n9q6+9g\/vaYFtfe5+xJ1NlCHT7obaj6ZWkLAdwruEkX1Xu4d8BhwV4iU+n4GeDDQieQS9pY\/EYfUXWPLbPihq5XKWJHyE9nVBVp0\/onrKRPKQvKBkRDAYbx4oCf5MDJzw988gJydPRmM5gFwrNN1gC4UEapUNjsLtOSasiGB2awl3LumS2FOoQdq7QiByWpWm5SoUKpHrAoAMtQNHCMVHeIlwx\/iOHEe9bBDcqv7dAzCcPFewiwj\/VDfpcNpMUx5EqAUwwG2JoHFla2P9+R1LCmD1ySvN3mxXNzvn07AU4OVGVu9Y5\/Or71m63Cbcg0\/ZT8pMqjJWGZroQejqsjb5kBVSOzauK\/SLmjwIG\/ARjjqm2DzA\/Xx25cwXCVIpGbVzkc+rbh7o7YYVJULPD4mCFuf9hEypBiiY3wypTSqXPSmthTz07wCO47KusNrUxyUkpnyTs0vuGaJ7YhMS0VC901lfJQPbXGIrKIn9UbbU\/JXN5PudyTRI6\/UHgjd85SGMWcNfR2tVfyztvCIlckjlIJOFp2EAvE+3dD5ykXqkkNXXahXDOwTGHDWHADKW2VCkH43O\/nLDy6I+AvHP766qycAbWVkKs5lIcjxIcqThrVOcwDwO8+OD0Ph6fAf9NGnLlpBWA2dVqnZDgCykHDKyU20hYKSvQDOilsukXCXxwoubRNZ81rvIRc5NL824Ul0jDuzXKPrOueWdNDYqC\/dDBNY6mxPn1usggHwIv0WITjlRqPM3R5CnR4wX5K8NhK1n8cGtsu2Pi40eHlwcbJ628RqFCHgoYCPhxLH81QG\/MCrdiBlQ3lsKscuB0UpUHKohsn2NUELlOr9j+wtbH4I\/6QyIKhWvQ5GRu+VWjr\/4H78e+dgqbwT7Znx898vcx7mDuqNHkrWQUGT1fneNFe1TsZDO2knOj4xwcmqNWgwuOd7zbSYFhD+l1iN3AwSl9eZfmXl0ddr5UzfI24Q8+tWbnTnVmT6q1T1xbvf4Wdlw89lDq8nlOk8yo2s7bKy4sUuF4W+pNFwy\/tr2zV61sSjZzpFIFeZFAfy93XA3rCqt\/l2pE6+voMFjKCKLtA6\/ZaDsmurqE8D65IqMJxrU7maeqD9JjTpjr7ivqKMPdVXj8ph5cd1k8ZE9N7s9wcjG+SWaqiG2FM8qt19j0qr0mCn8PQK7cAfOv7xbh+of5tYS4fGniMww3G7TnkI+8G6fyGkbN8QIHxyWRnvhsudB1dy1DgS16kSMel0IMK\/8eJah4471iDUSI0XrkFQvHGK0XFy2FzTY7GAzG8lCZXl+fs6amodlx3kRnHzKy8FwJW4lNKrwiwGvXP6fYz+4d8lkknLwEDstQ4zmTEmGJOCiO0fo2kRd0rw9Fq9drBdiK74SMY2XEnrNKJGHHok\/ts4jatCvvYspwN8Nfv8ct1r7cDC7D77eOO3epaDBPgkfB791yDrZJjRmfPVw4DnM145qOkG0512mltoYJXZtpM2iojYLTlCJq\/srDSVOKjBncsA4NPhy6i2+dL6gbLqwjGBOUIvPZt5qrV45Ts+S63bydQhWlSnihU7Qm4Oyo8a9MwZY4+YlomAq\/WVmUwa4Vx98RO5sDcFg6ZYP1rcTYDA5IwBfDONAVO2Qc7A6YHuUJ+WIaupk4bSLzeRcAsXNSt8qilB0wxnVTFiNwnB0LKP3KRYBwZcGhr9mRxU9DOhcqIxDe9KVfjeat3lCl1kd8K7NM0cbflXBtHlI7TEmwEgyGkFYu35D6ytpNrRtIkUlv7Lg6Fnx8FXtwdIqEhDaIWW5GXwVXmV6htRNLbIlT0g6ghBw9oWoS7qfp7AW1bhpUpZAyPAknTKdJscxi4kEiYGl8jKYobBCwbgtvmOaJTAhbY+aPKiomQhP3+ELtwMe1d7wEygRadlndqqbFHXUaV04ZhMXNJjdZCxd1ronLcMKc6cNM+2lxLpbEstlxjWmKwTZi3amxok8NHUq3kJwpcXdu6EiHH7zA4+Mc3pBUwT6cifO+8sD1gkMVs\/XJQe+xgSDN8Ot9opkG\/J6Oleq\/Govwwhq+dplzuHXwflmffIGhuLFSQq0MyjPLO21lnlqmf50xxLWD1wjmo0WbPmxOpRJxyfy3co+C8tHp1NKvluVlM4IuSr5BqATHVpYM8WHKscc55jjYAsojpCEMUCDlMwdf3VSo2R9tk2L1LQ4OraJOo0SaUt2km6zRl9Bnkdhn0evsQgAEwLpSIQhI7tFjJk+MG7rCdhkPgIuoSHTqGqYmHUUuysp7n3oe5Yf4gJL7OdHeqVGi+ExcKyV55BqhtzQMtnErSaMY18LZjsPSaUQmmubMJSzL0Nm7Y1y\/G5L4MIyOP0DfzNnMjXl7FefWVfSOSZ3FwE5d+6LJJYw0d9KD6poMQhNsteeqtULYWa1EhJ2Nwbn8UCss160ylcXC9WEoe7wHXJCuBtbci2NMiZWIHTISGnIhb5IG8wILNDEmYUKSjNXMyeP\/r+lbYrwBnEUCL9bwYg8KVblFwS6eDxp0wAFmxP4KWTdxk+4lUUaau4Ts2iC9X3DyNmRDYe\/ksyFk324nq7eu9yfGDHbBzUYY3t62SMh4UJ4MxgvNUu2ypdyDI40L7LJ+YlOVPFxl7VyYUk7q4EZAr\/Vscw9sbipMxB1\/D6iKZ7d4QeebRlU8T1MchYN3M8XmRZ3hUp+dGGUZhkqmT9Pi6+FmjIl4poK0yDmT3PTUwsZ21FCRc5K\/BCUiRewyhJJ776ZExMQXvDgcVMxVO7x2TUykneaCMHH0yW\/Vp1mGnhDgGotG883tlOza1+1ziYLDGVA+fFrYzp0Wc6c\/4hiiX84pamjlQG+Yu4oR8tXa6pRoKw+jdBmVqyW4XE05de8DO1BqVBu+Kp9LnSbxpk1x3h9x2ICBi0vkaCaRCUQWXhaaQOtfWPSTcxHfHrW05TRytpIuL++JYPHHT7Myi\/PZPYfYYEObqaohi3NMGsMil21tCTxFo2VkpGmdhAc5NFQOK+VwS+wLUgJzqIYKrmKcz5y1FMUvvcajGW3eXaZIMFGz8JHAUJZGivxZweyo+GbKXQzndQpsXw4ByeW+qHJUieQaCpPbEFUhj7VgIyOpZi+Mq0bRPqIiKFsXyVunHD5jO7bXw54vwRBj0XbrQYxsG38NGpxSgyAq75l6Y6mKyZ5k1l4sctNf8ebtZ6N4sWWOLQ8V63AJufB0WbyACvNQbWxYWDDiaPjFqcNCJHdxAfD8qh5a9hJjMwwmPgCOykEELdWCU0uGg2bZ6zPsiK0nzr88H1GF9LTDMoZhKSWxlEdWQ59QZp0sxeIaAuYekWYOyQPDaTfqaDertbKGmyQ9jcrwTXirfvJYNC3bCGrkuMpvNluTCyYo89Yu9aDMvX1a7SFgW3m0KIZniN\/k27dS1wUv0ijnC1hI0mXENYetsQTwvqAzw5DqxUZSYpNtIUTidt\/AGvq5SLFV4pwnLoE8ZU48Y934qURgDizXx7Tph9lylpVqAC4P6+yyiRPKs0Z9L3NuuS5VZBDFc3ld2jv7pC43zjhHwgZNf92x\/EspPjDj+h4JKnqTcaT0b7EdszwpSUO8lFdZBaQwDkdXyw5FO0uo97zFbXjqXNGXeWuGVlukipIbQrxYfPn3T7O6KcpggJOtZ\/eG4gyYrMe0R2Ld5f2n04DTmqP+088DYuuvx\/7TY9F\/ao7fB4rrGHfYp2e9Vji2EM0Bji54zcdx1woX\/QoDDX0Mn57NsdGuQHP27hIa5o0yi8wVbhTBlEz5g3Uxhd6PrM713ovmF+CWSEAgDSEQBMhphRujvXzj0nP0aZaBrWNGg4ZYJW18N1NFbv+s7+WCydLZGEgD8riqiuf7QVmnDyPIJpNosUv9dUSu4qrDnEmEjyL504RGz753dxc\/NKhqh+vTbKaFo6UESR+NoeHfdlG6FBa1zxJKpMHZO7i8TH7I5XzrwiAjUfnet3JasPFb\/YYxBBy9H9OIhhLbrh4IjunpefhAGfdS4ZzZP7aXFnI8n3atVqUxETWRLG3bCjtrl0MIF+iB8U7FfVIi+LUWZ1W1RsfiJM3T1CCbWJOy2QkaXCMcBeRT646NYl22ayr5aHHv9rptbjlb\/WfsJiMAuUSCN0XZ89Nre+tQ9Cv0bePUt88MLTnd0dCpFFA2QZo1qKx9PHGoOpFPYNab09X4CpX6UMWgdH6axU0WgyqtrA4+7VGW1Uzru1lRtf4qlXx+P\/g+cT1g7PmPj+jLQxWfUO2RYoKHOEHtQ1VQV9vwa1PQUazG0e28vyhOvpCtQBYMq3LRRBZj1d29aFgrcEGaA\/v38YJr0oWtU\/nu+leDDGzyNCt9FHZ5Yn1ITrQ\/bjlsL4Egbj3lwt0vVyHFVmYuCHUlfM7SCVi8xHaxouPPwYpIBW9h4nad+eEYpxWMxdzQOmbDMCs5UkZiDO9S2bhcw8YEseEbXWFBwyHOaN1W\/JwLFMLcIliJ91N33sChqdSi1K7G1Y1kPW6My\/E\/gnobpzmqPKiXvrRgbHtVAMew3PQLDKdV+tEagh\/GRQeNx0bz8ykP8OLD2Q+MwWwX1wh6o9+1dZmlzeQljyFnNSOwCEPNENAtsIK87v6KIOfGXxI+UrL1bvneE8w9bdfjOk0QPiTiLANSWYmwABnmRdHwH4nyEJqVpUkJTmw78d\/HFb\/t1JJ0ZVlmORSJscxCruTVlD0hrzlBqASRAy5pVnLRuWS9\/InUkWWkIDwg513d0hTjND6l9m2DMVq6k0ZUc6bFuA+ES5hSYKaL+m6cjnYilsB58YYCRsSuQcTyEvVmEaGThhTWESBsaDfDaa429A+jaIUlpq8xbvkVa+VdTdC+qDr15pwnCE8K\/5Pq6t1P4nAXxe8NxQza\/FJ321BeU+nOdUAIUw7AoYi3uoFRy\/exnbqCghd5uPOyX9fUOp9cRy3lwe6PLcoqogRxAl1737wjgV\/h3NYNn78Ez6dgh7LiGd9QTlmQFw1SCPaFTClZ647cj7oTV1qz4HOCsHHvg03jn0\/BvkJJ2tQtFU3TF7H5qiyDMsQ+n4KHc5Z1dCl38LneVwjl876+pNg\/9p\/jpqnSndmllqE2CDLULeCBXC\/tvpCs8Ak6kEnMUHh\/Gxz8sJbqxxak4tfI37NxAGbIe+8rvr+726GHokLq34m9Vx6po6jtDsdzvDtG\/nHpl36R+efMz1I\/yfyk8ZPEf0hRltSo8Uki5Ly1vdKNheNC51b4Sxny+grbMbnTji02Q569y3ds3e7cNEXux36al+fG74gees7Dn5p4h83i93NbKT6semupnSEpC40Nltx6rvpDnniVoQDt5CsoOGSKH46K71EWq8pKHltj6BFWneSNHD26aPDjPgx+XFT3n5LBo5s2\/ady+JRnvR+XdLvrJOkSaaXooB1VMF5nuwk36KQcVPa8HReB4gUBcDGSqPqReFd31kMypKLohNGA7FtBfROcvR\/D\/VFVdhM35\/qy2JJBwbfSI4eAIpdmwlIV4Dw67JzBZuQOWGvpCTFh6RkCSC1Vm66bXVYojlv4NKvzuKyPRQOB9n2bsQhO4vqIEtWsVq+ItunQn2PxbJSKsvunCWuDFO0VWevCNw\/uyOAhbXraeUw4Jaee11Zra+TE4fESs496JxEsuG8OSdAvXIMlY7WeJM6OubCT8SiWWbxHAu8aQ8nFrVmZPQnYhsR+UYc61+Q0KHJf0vle\/dwMcNP2x1\/AeBJtROqS1QPYVQHZvJI1wb9Dh+u9Gm5QhoDi0IQYb6vxBYesNd0C7KUNyGrHo8wCN70ruLXGybMAsd2wBELMnIavdYgZ70lm9HXmcDfHOndD12NROiOjdu97WLXnUPtu+fOLtYaR3R4olDqnxsf1O9wAcsHeH9H+ESXzuXHhOpzX2orIif7cmuLfoZy8tUmTy1CQEVwoVr52Lh2G\/2Bpz3+gyL9QEBFCpyTsu+q9cZ3NcJV90I3QypShEtT7IzqhOw+H8nlJXD0qhiKJG+SshqvKaiYLq8XcTYlXnX9Nbt8EVZ6QdGWIuGUbEyD497No1sOisSGucDj5dk0O\/6S7lh8J1h56qzRg7Joc4Fk5IbvhhexGV8Alch5eT9I63mUokUvW\/lcTdrm1ejOMd\/eGUkgdpGtZ\/fiwBXhXp\/kVWUAPvhR0\/5UuTfIYyhP1QxY1i9ENpDQo11Ct6hGpHyJYlBZj5wCDbwVszz4kLB2j0sui9trTTBOa9CV4Ffxl+PTsL29VtOgZCk5xmmtroWDIhpxzK0X7yflKwrOkWIluLKyCHWqeEcotyDOulRkMi+dYPOetVf6Ryd7GMXMNUNlxXaI97K8mLe68yPu9t5Bk\/Ztu1Uw8uKVbgbSJmIZORYI+zQ5ZsYMt0QuxQxXvtiy6QxnnwRddeVcwiQdqmziuwiO95tOhJHD3FsjVeIeU7mVtzzUsH+wa6Ia9j\/ylf1E7G6DaTkLFkqRNTbo99e6hihttAqzVMu9LyyTQBLwWTt0YIlVxj0whcIeYO6R1LqwvgqfHz\/hegy1AaUOs+HFWzNsntG+KKkAPD\/30BPU+zkCLIZUpS+zyZY5xiT7NqjQ\/zO4\/kwRNRVXK0Sf9FluirtvrSu\/KpFnM+qK17xNlSTUm+uxfZaGQp4qRr9gp1bsyhtdepzFXnSR9T+B9m9f5vN\/yZTt5EYJjQps3rdtM6pxqIUvaLkyUdjXZpvhgYbJDWa0lo5QiR1keXpmsZBKnvs3QQzOgVlGQzsFiJeNlWEbhJJJCavLf0E62lIXrSq51oudFgVahGOBfi+KkTS6VQrowA6fjbojmJo5QTbuo25A6xRR6msU6jaxRBE6QIJzJ+NaRCd86kjgqGVRr7z2r3gY4nHZugfvx3VgmqOWqm4BOksPHT7OsiBMszEWISAHAvRvUNU57Fwcbvhe2\/1qlAt4lafWuarK5sWFUmfoiJaWgqiqq2b2Y2iimM66VqzZNkO1tjnUTshcK\/opB00NxfPOT4LfBZIgJ0oy+WnIHHG97Knfl8oJbntF+o9e2j+2E8Gqsg+SNayDsV2XwjBkWSBzciZU1Gc\/7yftpl45hKCrYIFULMgUrmnAUCv5jVYmVnanl4\/5o8q8ra\/CSZuJKgXeT9pojWFd7e3O5gNAvLFRK1+EXtLAQ1HHXqhCVp3qaTJN7iVlJJ023N0HJkkZ1m98VyRy007RuWp7T6QlVJCk42KFj\/JTC6HZRw2K7Va06lc2X1kI8XsPlAoukjeEecoYjVgX4ZrWvQIgYA1ckJGrcuKxWKspHzelgTeFnZ3aAYekdqLJII\/VCT3eRSq5ZW12h9ku8IvC+vSW8j84O6uKhsQReXZKkJcsbNqt7aVon1BO4VURG7lXNk2kj+MpNAU\/L9VUPTlVUZ90KXvjVFC+8+rLfCglOU0TOEKzYxSo2hfeEqvThC+jeyhQhLymaRh25+EzBtm\/N3sityXpJvhvFe7ealNVLzFWUSUnxGiSCt25izKCQQ4lezzxs1ib1ojdkA8V4P7PFBVG1SdbK7QUdCHb2MfGhOhB+e0mAc1bRMajmbEVVXISFrm7YLoSIyxjHd8nZONyd+Fu9M3x07\/KcyqXTX3\/pRalAyZbeZMPtVbcT1vF4GGyMfyalP1l\/\/KgdGhWMbxf6OUEJFfMJQnWyCQl9vmBqGGewtTNbta5PfTCXKpmkUf4whIEJ2qRdnJRWi32o5BhSQpCUkcu7d6Dr4oxcHbesMxmy\/hY6667WfrvQ228Xc1PvGEOtlANOwujO3fA32gWbpa0S\/35hcwr6unPGN4tc+W68BDgTsvYEiMutBerLgCWDMzcpG+ND+oISCaRbtFh9WN0uN6uNcO16eubd3U9H\/pvk6WjLcC2hLdDehd2NdGznqYTV1qZrBg6bvliCYwRBISjL2HxoMxFOXwgAhbUa46tbSeD\/L4\/MgQiiFeNwDBCIydMRM2USlEh54Q+lW3wl3vqgKtunWJMqcECgUhvnkzEw8LcrlRhVF5BtffukJcfJi0Jx8j5ESohPgXmISuTuq+tSHksilP2O02veyjwn0AaedQgT\/fgfNoooM5IHXsVpZjP6Lhn9l4z584kfc9JOEoo1VK3QC1STRuDrOIHMkw0qCszr9IDJv4Y\/ILrAlz98qNIXPKZ9Ejd\/CEheQ0UbBKj4LcXeLcUeFfIUe\/hel2JPfndNsUeFKsXePpN+LMMhkx4VDtnwYw18Nvz0NPhhZVqnwaPiVdLgJzkPFe2T586jQpE7Dz1SfK\/KnUcFGKgvSJ5HxbWT50m\/u16SPnXNvEr2PC6edYeNa0fxwptlz+N+nlSTfln2fLcKTGnp4d91UnrXyYuT0qXlwIU4y1Ayu\/dtX0F1AycrvMPXrTQrw5J\/pUR0UvSbJ6J31f6WiD49ER2G8BskolPH6qsnoqPit0S8t0zEI+M92d\/bvf4dZsHBKeqQBUceH9afTRYc+8pbZsFxNX\/rLDi2Od9VFhw06fWz4FDhnAVHzJTS2ES7SA1UTMqPs6X7e6Wct67VnUE13jefZhWqUYOZsh347mHJqTLe2FmQHYysG2M85Cr\/1vu9t5y\/SYJc3wXaz1I38f5R9LNswNESyjLltnQqna6WLqcN\/l4mHOa7LoXiKjlwqAgesrgxUuLiAvse7auirgFzVVHia+Z\/QPFu+R+hFyyi8IeLkL3MWuf1sz0iGXKwve6gTHJAhTnJIXrTJIf\/n7Ib+pG\/bvg\/KoDQd4eMUEmu0fPW8ZG83F1v1P23S1T4ljkKWC\/af2eRx6RRn\/Fd0jnoQ2NcNKNiqQTtq4QydzZN80plB3laF3AcsyLu9rViiTVNIVKhyPXKN8MWrg+xNdlGqRBbZRNM0bVG+2v9PClDRTAERHbp37jGDsVL6U+eAOhFG1OsWkFzdTj2m+NrdcyoMQUWK9pbxScF8Bw1jPbKkKYWb8eGXwizoXb6qMzrdcsrR5ZmO6OMOHHClmVLBW6EH1l1RbPBsfSufcMDD5Add51KcVH8yEwxX0JBo9Jyrj\/N4BuwjOv9oJIX90Veo7wZ36RYJ\/8t2vwh9LyZphV3JNPFwk8ZFKWd\/UA8xr31\/ujEcq0JlnOcye3FqDJ4l+UH1OovfdHq+jKvKL3i3GDRyzklpTkFFsh9oGjQ5kAuOebKg69qwWFi1uFymrMgOzDuFvvTQ11e6hZcdbmghzo7dxpsWEqhsHbiZQdvZ4UxCSv+ulkRXYl\/v1kRXQe+eVYEOOB32fNwUQhetMbBZpdRzNNZXNZgHeg+XUU0NrvM28clXLRbWv4wXkilaWOaDgF1QnhEc\/SbZN5a2zOczLZbsTdPqGrSfZz13zZFqWlhk9AeCU42G3mt1IaJJ9F+KEptwZ614tZ5ZMEVJazK1a1yVf5dZcj07pCpmRO93eV7yJARTQd9mpxzdkwfBTbBHGKdAzNGXVww+JMSOhwcDaqEDu4Y83UHhW\/eJ9dPa4BIyUlpDTf5yzF4SA+yyEiK4M+K3O8Sm7CqaWx0ItYaDACW6ssF4ehdcGDVRLO+Gm3tMYAIfKPbSBSxwJy6FQXL0PLBMGjMie0a4YFYp9OSF8oLhAwMTUcpN5Z\/05RaKDXj+2Jes7nKU6vl1wUXztQ2dazgxyDzyT8R+Tfe78kH0LTJJ0g0Hj+NTwDbJ\/lU\/zI35CGTmhQ\/QLGtCnFSYGPkQB6VtUXGIq3LgrFQIA2S1cMX1P8NL8ZVBRtk6S1VxcOIaoYGfhdqx28J9d6sVXVgalaHLigbeywyCcro4PLS4zHatzcpGgOCqOZNPGLs22S8lDvil9ax4ZG6KGXtW8tJVJb9mBf7R5vR123DXfHiq38ia91lgi\/cp0Od4pZZqVchvCUOs7ah7jumat3Pi11cOa++fVzKbt20vQ2j3oSM0hJ13zgyE5tMUOtpFNBHDBTFH8JCyo4GG8RwDr81a5g0\/VSRQ6hMICQqJzNnSuW0LrKiFdSl9SZU0fGSwofldccnZYlvddFYi8WXf4d4rDiBcE08MbIod93THg4tqp8OPigT7\/19kSC\/rJD\/uEv8Oj6VfudzbBk7wP9CVRLnsT\/7Q\/OY5nWRe\/\/8pURVhg6g4838\/xEfi1Ps\/6FK48yHeNegBtAW7z+kp7KomjhvDJ1KvtQZeklju05xT0\/s1Oy\/lSj\/B1LUfub3fZzeiX6HYoAXrKmVmDc1Ad7UJvGbo4\/X+S\/nokH+Q3ro7FP+ceGTVLDjyj+u\/eMG1LMgQwnCH9AXtKuKZx9HVPX5Vx0371UqYQv23s9bSBPtNzr0Do+0vzCtTUomcSOga1nfDshio2Qasd7fbNBpiBTCTYGH\/MV8bj8xbN7RpXMTcwM3b\/m8JtLYfutVAfu7H96Ea3RyaD+5MkJUG9d2zZyOvZkzNj4oxbVmcku9vG5SjmvtlWQ5TagcF2Nf9zE9HDHDEjEh1V0DhIrn6nTHcQHgg5PKvoVlfIqrR2YRCzmRK9kJomhkluaP0Mb49ZoDVggNBNeEkcVpozCwhOJ+2mti2uny+h2f0jucldEtm9jvsmiH7NmqyNCnGfl2dt\/\/3cS72f28S\/dgZpJ40K7XI7EbLVvC3e8eHpJYZu5gz+K4esSmriquIUycjV26+12I\/2\/Lqfnc96yue1cddvG7aL32+\/8Pb9br+Va43kET4f+2En2X\/a1LiO+6xBGpySnUuIMNZlTTTboyupvM97Juhj7+381G2j96lPj+0b\/1\/YNv9nsZUZyhg3VTlMFgj4Xd9d53fkMdI2J+U4pxQK9h3npM\/ybEIuJQD4c9m6AgPcWHQcynp4NfpvvmXCH\/KU0QUIqAmEkzzH1CLiVTK\/gJO8Xff5qNRmfyIxMKSL4S+iq5U3Q2weCIqs7hgU\/Deo9yRP1dxafguMAfn4\/k++6EJAkpuziL8z0yVICxKZr4gLWwsZpBWYVahj+ej51iJ9yPNqv9cUtVXlaoab4Y6h7rGzuEqmI+PERyL+rh1+5vSf2KVIir1IaBgoA+j\/zTSkL9jA66ldT7jk3zHOTVIhRheKpTnImI3YLjeOoAdB3D\/8YVgCGOQSdvNaiClwWnVl3ULccmdNQ2\/RjA5XMum2vZ3DiAuo7gOp\/ft6STxyrNH9VIUTQWD+DdoMPU90aODRH1uTc49+DF9N\/9qhtQ3pgvKFgwNqeQIjwanY0kdAaiQ+KqRirEJ0Xb+0ZtuEZuqEYOP9JfSMw9I4bGiJIxImeMaBoy5Izq3H9qxueSDk2jv9RIL6Dz9vilPKI+fnEgGeu\/xV+SP8BdnaWnFEI74qq+8zZy78WrdYS6HFHNPsX5WVzyuwrFj8FzUSVbmzPo1drc6eXNcVDNu0u9sr12jWMqnfdhQbQ5Bz4\/pvtHVJHLq9yWEN6EKxlIyqsMCDnbd3zfO6HFzaikTX17cHd\/Ya7i+J8ax\/6Gi\/80I\/\/+qfv3D92\/tzNVoRCsqys0DP\/wx3+LwugfSUnRP\/5bGP7xj1w1\/zDTjeM4esyYmeud4X\/tauvH37XQccR0XZCsb80sjA3tR5\/8+3GmuhxmRxyfdLe4Wa+3\/TcQAgFLFdB18HfEzz18v+kvKd33xNF0J43xJI2Pq7nE1fUT\/HaveaJbKbHpZekT5KezseZzNW9ZbIe72X\/+45+9v2boxftbnNfeH6p4BwZl9uuZP\/tL0RTcI39DhwJ5\/\/M\/Dyb02T8h9Gvs\/bUqZpQNejvW2Duc3rRScP+8WY3jIruVrLHVWrrI1vJFth6iC7\/kzRHVaT1EYeAIJO43CkCN\/PQEYAl5E+TnE6rSPdylc9C98\/OpJudWp4eCWwrktuKA6BctVhl\/939li8zimWH5GovRPjMsZGMx1DPiwbTlgb5U6v\/QsbR+h30zg18GnDRPceXDXRkfgvhn+HDOU\/xvfj75Awoj\/Hrf\/3k+3fs\/7bO4rt9\/muGfZvQX5zxl\/s7Pp9m9tKffvlWeTuyNE\/rb8GmHTy74x4X82\/Bph4892DiJ\/+ciL3hRP4j3c4ofxzdcf\/a3f4SHg\/+ODucsrmb+n4q8LrK49odnxADwc55CY4NdmqR3XgrPN0ZRIvqAiBG9OxLujZtpegFnyxawsYODlZ49u\/x1GM5Za83w5Hj0+XD0zU1jsvPJwQf3mWTE6szQAeWJcUAmvn22qVs\/FN2bMBKmLupvy6YuTnz7bFN3q5xD0Gf8xc2tsXM3x7gORjtdr134g8mYtuF1P8KWlvxM\/Yq\/+DQbvrHTH76j5py\/yei0FgZT0r5fj6Zrw69H8drwF\/Ryrr2\/AvrP3\/4kSFfxq5k\/+2uaH\/4xzg\/k139Oq\/iQ5p22\/U9\/nPmzP6eAy1M8NN6\/xv+MUkYd\/9N\/+Rfy3t+Kc7VH3j\/H+ViV\/rLx\/TeVHFjfdTvHi80H2cXG8fL8evcagjgL9i5MIJ7um851cG4Kxoyt2Q7GLU09c+nVAor6TbnTKnes+LFR7mABv7Vi103kldSqja1aNd\/aeUHpNl5B2dnolJ2umgsVjg\/GCr7bI\/Vnoxnv59hkifsvf5XIe0bC03\/\/S\/x49v6paI7pHgxTf5n5s3\/tv5j5f0Zp9aXgZT\/U4GKm+4Ytktnwvk1zppyD38K+Z30ObsHq1z+JgbjLYwWA9y4+pH5NG09O6plLT86ff7MqmU5OVsrYnJyw5N\/65Pw5\/iYGCdnJqdoMpra\/tvng5\/iVT9Sf4+\/7RH0sTCfqY2E6Uf\/lv0sOjD+UZYa8v\/1Dfzb8BcGm+HOcHc75cDxw5wIU5HJwvn7FsvPxVWv9Oz4G6S3+iFAZxFnmftg9FubDjnrm0sMOivrtsNMedqwAsDnsYGG\/9WHXTeT3cNiZ2vjah1pXzesdal0F3+2hdkxNh9oxNR1q\/4Ce4jw+xFWqjWZgHvuX4pjmRVGx3\/4lhetAjCMdXE63N2yB7Jh7m+qp8279XQd2aNaa8byinrn0vIKifjuvtOcVu7dtzit6tb71udVN6HfkNe5a9NqnVFfNpaeUrCOkgl1uOgV2ucT\/Nki2P6L8EGcy6TeIuT\/G+SGLnWT8K5XfebquXvg0+bySy+fVN5DPu9wsn6lnLpXPUNRv8lkrn9ldJ5fPkoX81oK5m8krCebVFQRz16IrCOaVTjB31byGYCYZD5CkzK8vvKD6pQZ\/dR0RtnwT72DG8Z7X73+SyZGQpZw11Vg+LID7eWu9HvoUsKrP0Ngf0RP+kKRUsacUyFzu\/ZvsvIfcTvw8QSrgvgO8heErKKwqcu7B\/lvm0VPxhKQFnkvy9XxgdWjrfQzSM1hI4Zr6fFacx9pBoQzJrelDFZ\/IFGXFoaAmphg7eYrLLN1V6JAFp7jEDz+kB3idjFBcNfjTKS7FVumSAgF0EmiIAkh7rdADLqX\/HP90rNDD\/\/k0+91DXqEHuB4OZcv5cfXjgOf1LEVsghRKK9jPAUdozCVbhJh3rlVV2CUCn4P80yya3RNur\/67pyLdo0+zA9jOcjAozO7nrZ7oNfKZJs2\/Krsa7CnUTEm3Ma6kkuKu695IY0OQqkbMTVvoqh5ZTN3O52PcUE2dBGQF5UiQLYdJCn8YEv464EoKk1dOi0YKjV\/cAQm3JlRFKFgCVOY8cgS2jC+mw\/iHmCUJ8JuGxoUU2rQmEGgGjAzwulwB16Cax6eLCI4XtxzB8YLhObgAF3YjAyCTA8RaQa6Szn5O0icj088IORaWL0qClL5IL5kwVc4gbn1dybBFewg7BpLuZj0FqZ0Uj36pZXJ5cRm+72vMI\/pFBflnP7UwfIuVbmrRLx6oK26Te8H4P77RMspZkhr1krGR9hgVmjqoNE8+9+yl+MiKdGPPH831PkX4XO6TY1k4cRUDoEVZcEB\/Pi7dhh4jP4opwpEsRRjXItLe4p3FksJYDCPgU0iYejFBir361HHEocqDcmk16uNGo0X1lZsquYU04e6vaIOZgYGsT6Sh\/6ruJTAF+8pfMby+3XA18a7uSVzNPEbjOwbKYHcg8IGIoX9FCU3ZNaGNyxLFFeijPR8YJdwYgrCQb8+IOkahOfAtAKbqUSDedkcdTaSOSelvIjmVuoEewoLDaOhqB7U1RW6SAgiddo0ytG8oPm090wszZgKjtl5B69rNYJ+p1ytmPrd7FJNJ2T5cPx1sH90\/qYDaInHt4ifndoBlQ1sw0zRzZ7lQa2DUsIncAN0oWV9IBOj8SVQspF6Qk9yt5eExqM6ZLXY6FCJcfLoiIocyGhb2+uGxRy0XLhBGC5C6kqp4zvhq0vwxmncCBStcEkGi6Xpz3fKynMLZ525kArZ11P8Ny\/PnAk5ovPjor\/dwHOBvdZUS\/QOQAwe5JKJ1r72VAK690SgBAEhPD87eBr4ct+exNfR8qXl5J5vi+Zbln3OblQo9iCucTLSZF2Cla22FHvQraOHa1pOwkcq4RBV\/ve+HxRItHUp+aa2K0HV233ArQv3wU6yeR0oeqAvYZ+qtpJq+m6WuPLJLyiL7NMulO2Sjm+oO\/0wy1+p3ykK3mDewmFfCAjGI\/P0gY9QbBO5bjoKrKEpvn1Z7uPXYrT8XtP6hCkIFox+SheuQoOSAVEeY+q0cX7zZpgBVm1AQMwAW+wQKJmst+zRbzO75So6mVg0vR5e8vJS8vLR9eSV5eWX78lry8lr3cnZdGVqheH8UF8Rz3FDzaHu64sKYQRUK1g4r+\/5K+v7K+v217P0cHXSXiCrdmQbDZv\/GB5QLe9e0yfBLIwm5ZDfsF5rXQU+20agKMJEAYCsACCuL80hD9p9mWYihfXtOBrLzbd5b8O+RcbR5NeJf1W1l6r2l8J5dU9f8e9plMr54nFhhjg4TayxyYVh1q4J+UZhH04IkLnWD6QVbu4DRBXvBgN2QCVwZSF9CnvQlpG4Ov1\/crMxmDbMSUT8rvKD9pl1RGJcs3QwPkL6fCxSipzRJsr5LxOGMu65rDxn\/R8AEr48jBTCgPTM0wFRbhjuPrmTwEKvNC01aDo6JW4ljgliZ7dhytPbrvi4KKXRxs0anrZMBN5ps8u50pbpVrTMcQHDnAeG1HYWuTZXLhCLwqVAWN+mT5pK3f9IZPJrivD92eLp3XhnnwZfBWneo4t1Xrd3Vo9AzW5oy8VZ7YWiyljeAal94SFGW6ImdxpK0C\/chc6OGxLXcDobQzgi6XE+xgmpa9eTmcojMnj0ZEdNXvaGxpdeFjJTexhBaPqnlQnGmYgp0RXhJqi8GHriA43MX1wjEDxV0MRwMmB7MlQpM35nG0JemnUhmb7O2oAGJoQEJFerh5vuyWIgC44vb0gTMaNH5YW1MHkj0TCbjrZV\/oDdJr\/glg83S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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n1k22067.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"gcri\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> \u00b7 Economic Development<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Economic Development<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Economic transformation, inclusive growth, industry, trade and development under <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 systemic-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk that the failure or disruption of parts of an interconnected system propagates through its dependencies to impair the functioning of the whole, often beyond the sector or place where it began. It arises from\u2026\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">systemic risk<\/a>. Economic Development is an established platform of The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/about\/\">Open Mandate and publisher <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/about\/\">About GCRI<\/a><\/div><\/div><dl class=\"nx-scene-stats nx-es-stats\"><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">STEM methods<\/dt><dd>5<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Canonical methods this field applies<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topics<\/dt><dd>8<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Subject pages in the field<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Counterparts<\/dt><dd>4<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Platforms in shared fields across the network<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Report series<\/dt><dd>2<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Reports series it contributes to<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Register<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">20 pages under Economic Development.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\" data-variant=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Economic Development<\/strong><\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-n\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">STEM methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">5 canonical methods applied<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-n\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Topics<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">8 subject pages<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-n\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Counterparts<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">4 platforms in shared fields<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-n\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Report series<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">2 Reports series<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/about\/\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Mandate publisher<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Mandate and publisher<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/field\/\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Field overview<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Field overview<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/research\/\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Research evidence<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Research and evidence<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/innovation\/\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Innovation practical<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Innovation and practical technology<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-label=\"Coverage, Monitor, Topics\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Coverage, Monitor, Topics\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-areas\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Coverage<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-3-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Monitor<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-4-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Topics<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-areas\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Coverage<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The areas of economic development this platform takes on.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Economic Development studies how economies grow, transform and share the gains, and how systemic shocks set them back. Its pages cover inclusive productivity, industrial policy and upgrading, trade and external shocks, regional development, the digital economy, public finance and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 fiscal-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The possibility of deviations of public finances from expectations, from shocks, hidden liabilities or policy.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">fiscal risk<\/a>, the economics of food, energy and water, and employment under technological change. They set out data, methods and evidence with every value labelled by its evidence and every limit stated. Finance and planning ministries, central banks and development institutions decide.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"columns\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"4\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 3v18h18\"\/><path d=\"m19 9-5 5-4-4-3 3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Inclusive productivity<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">How output per worker grows and whether the gains reach workers, firms and regions that lag.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M2 20a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h16a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8l-7 5V8l-7 5V4a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2Z\"\/><path d=\"M17 18h1\"\/><path d=\"M12 18h1\"\/><path d=\"M7 18h1\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Industrial policy and upgrading<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Public action to build capabilities, diversify production and move into higher-value activities.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M2 21c.6.5 1.2 1 2.5 1 2.5 0 2.5-2 5-2 1.3 0 1.9.5 2.5 1 .6.5 1.2 1 2.5 1 2.5 0 2.5-2 5-2 1.3 0 1.9.5 2.5 1\"\/><path d=\"M19.38 20A11.6 11.6 0 0 0 21 14l-9-4-9 4c0 2.9.94 5.34 2.81 7.76\"\/><path d=\"M19 13V7a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H7a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v6\"\/><path d=\"M12 10v4\"\/><path d=\"M12 2v3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Trade and external shocks<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">How commodity prices, demand and finance from abroad transmit shocks into domestic economies.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M14.106 5.553a2 2 0 0 0 1.788 0l3.659-1.83A1 1 0 0 1 21 4.619v12.764a1 1 0 0 1-.553.894l-4.553 2.277a2 2 0 0 1-1.788 0l-4.212-2.106a2 2 0 0 0-1.788 0l-3.659 1.83A1 1 0 0 1 3 19.381V6.618a1 1 0 0 1 .553-.894l4.553-2.277a2 2 0 0 1 1.788 0z\"\/><path d=\"M15 5.76v15\"\/><path d=\"M9 3.24v15\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Regional development<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Why some places prosper while others fall behind, and what policies change that.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect width=\"20\" height=\"8\" x=\"2\" y=\"2\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\/><rect width=\"20\" height=\"8\" x=\"2\" y=\"14\" rx=\"2\" ry=\"2\"\/><line x1=\"6\" x2=\"6.01\" y1=\"6\" y2=\"6\"\/><line x1=\"6\" x2=\"6.01\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"18\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Digital economy and inclusion<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Digital adoption by firms and people, and who is left out of its benefits.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"8\" cy=\"8\" r=\"6\"\/><path d=\"M18.09 10.37A6 6 0 1 1 10.34 18\"\/><path d=\"M7 6h1v4\"\/><path d=\"m16.71 13.88.7.71-2.82 2.82\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Public finance and risk<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Budgets, debt, contingent liabilities and the fiscal cost of disasters and crises.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M7 16.3c2.2 0 4-1.83 4-4.05 0-1.16-.57-2.26-1.71-3.19S7.29 6.75 7 5.3c-.29 1.45-1.14 2.84-2.29 3.76S3 11.1 3 12.25c0 2.22 1.8 4.05 4 4.05z\"\/><path d=\"M12.56 6.6A10.97 10.97 0 0 0 14 3.02c.5 2.5 2 4.9 4 6.5s3 3.5 3 5.5a6.98 6.98 0 0 1-11.91 4.97\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Food, energy and water economics<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Prices, markets and investment in the resources that every sector depends on.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M16 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M22 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87\"\/><path d=\"M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Employment and technology<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">How technological change reshapes jobs, wages and informality in developing economies.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-3-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Monitor<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Shock propagation model.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The screen a team would use to follow this field: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-economy-shock\" data-cx=\"economy.shock\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Shock propagation model: illustrative console with example names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Shock propagation model<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">National economy \u00b7 Scenario: import price shock<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure&#8217;s values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Output loss above threshold<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GCRI \u00b7 Economic Development<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"chart\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Output impact by channel<\/h4><\/div><\/div><svg class=\"nx-fk-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 520 230\" width=\"520\" height=\"230\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-label=\"Output impact by channel\" data-fk-chart=\"cx-economy-shock-c0\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Most affected sectors<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-economy-shock-t1\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-economy-shock-t1\" aria-label=\"Most affected sectors\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Sector<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Output change<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">Jobs at risk<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">Linkage<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-economy-shock:r1-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Food processing<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"-8.175121506210417\">\u25bc 8<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"5403\">5403<\/td><td>Backward<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-economy-shock:r1-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Transport<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"-3.664402100490406\">\u25bc 4<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"1841\">1841<\/td><td>Forward<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-economy-shock:r1-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Construction<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"-2.6540151610970497\">\u25bc 3<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"2483\">2483<\/td><td>Backward<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-economy-shock:r1-3\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Retail<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"-1.037610542960465\">\u25bc 1<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"7402\">7402<\/td><td>Demand<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"bullets\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Fiscal room<\/h4><p class=\"nx-fk-panel-sub\">local units, billions, illustrative<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-chart\"><svg class=\"nx-fk-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 760 92\" width=\"760\" height=\"92\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-label=\"Fiscal room\" data-fk-chart=\"bars\"><g data-m=\"row\" data-k=\"r-b0\"><text data-m=\"rlabel\" x=\"142\" y=\"17\" text-anchor=\"end\">Revenue loss<\/text><rect data-m=\"bar\" data-k=\"b-b0\" data-c=\"acc\" x=\"150\" y=\"4\" width=\"48.9\" height=\"18\"\/><text data-m=\"vlabel\" data-k=\"v-b0\" x=\"204.9\" y=\"17\">1.4<\/text><rect data-m=\"hit\" x=\"0\" y=\"-1\" width=\"760\" height=\"28\"\/><\/g><g data-m=\"row\" data-k=\"r-b1\"><text data-m=\"rlabel\" x=\"142\" y=\"45\" text-anchor=\"end\">Support measures<\/text><rect data-m=\"bar\" data-k=\"b-b1\" data-c=\"acc\" x=\"150\" y=\"32\" width=\"64.2\" height=\"18\"\/><text data-m=\"vlabel\" data-k=\"v-b1\" x=\"220.2\" y=\"45\">1.8<\/text><rect data-m=\"hit\" x=\"0\" y=\"27\" width=\"760\" height=\"28\"\/><\/g><g data-m=\"row\" data-k=\"r-b2\"><text data-m=\"rlabel\" x=\"142\" y=\"73\" text-anchor=\"end\">Contingency reserve<\/text><rect data-m=\"bar\" data-k=\"b-b2-v\" data-c=\"acc\" x=\"150\" y=\"60\" width=\"39\" height=\"18\"\/><rect data-m=\"bar\" data-k=\"b-b2-r\" data-c=\"rule\" x=\"190\" y=\"60\" width=\"50\" height=\"18\"\/><text data-m=\"vlabel\" data-k=\"v-b2\" x=\"246\" y=\"73\">1.1 of 2.5 required<\/text><rect data-m=\"hit\" x=\"0\" y=\"55\" width=\"760\" height=\"28\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Shock propagation model: the screen&#8217;s structure, terms and states for National economy.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-4-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topics<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The questions this field works on.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cards\" data-cols=\"3\"><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/topics\/inclusive-productivity\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Inclusive productivity<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Productivity, distribution and economic opportunity.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/topics\/industrial-policy-and-upgrading\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Industrial policy and upgrading<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Capabilities, innovation and manufacturing.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/topics\/trade-and-external-shocks\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Trade and external shocks<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Exports, imports and macroeconomic exposure.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/topics\/regional-economic-development\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Regional economic development<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Regional specialisation and place-based policy.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/topics\/digital-economy-and-inclusion\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Digital economy and inclusion<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Technology diffusion and inequality.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/topics\/public-finance-and-risk\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Public finance and risk<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Fiscal capacity and shock exposure.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/topics\/food-energy-water-economics\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Food energy water economics<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Critical cost and livelihood dependencies.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/topics\/employment-and-technology\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Employment and technology<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Jobs, transitions and education.<\/p><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-label=\"Simulator, Frameworks, Twin and cascade simulator\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Simulator, Frameworks, Twin and cascade simulator\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-instrument\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Simulator<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-frameworks\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Frameworks<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-twin\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-instrument\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-ns-layout=\"es-wide\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Stocks, flows, delays and a tipping threshold.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Two stocks, pressure and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 adaptive-capacity\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The ability of a system, institution or community to adjust to actual or expected change, take advantage of opportunities and moderate harm. Adaptive capacity works over longer time horizons than coping.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">adaptive capacity<\/a>, joined by a reinforcing growth loop, a delayed balancing response and damage when pressure outruns capacity; past the threshold the system can tip. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows Africa; the model itself is not tied to a place.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-in nx-fk\" id=\"nx-in-economic-development-0\" data-nxi=\"sd\" data-nxi-id=\"sd\" data-nxi-z=\"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\" aria-label=\"Stocks, flows, delays and a tipping threshold\"><div class=\"nx-in-body\"><div class=\"nx-in-main\"><div class=\"nx-in-tabs\" data-nxi-tabs=\"true\" aria-label=\"Views of the model\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"result\">Result<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"loops\">Loops<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"fan\">Uncertainty<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"tornado\">Sensitivity<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-stage\" id=\"nx-in-economic-development-0-stage\" data-nxi-stage=\"true\" data-view=\"result\"><svg class=\"nx-in-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 720 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Stocks over time\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-in-tip\" data-nxi-tip=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><div class=\"nx-in-bar\" data-nxi-bar=\"true\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Play over time\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-prev=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step back\">&#8249;<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-play=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Play<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-next=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step forward\">&#8250;<\/button><span class=\"nx-in-step\" data-nxi-step=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-side\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><div class=\"nx-in-ctl\" data-nxi-ctl=\"true\"><dl class=\"nx-in-pv\"><div><dt>Growth of pressure<\/dt><dd>6.0% a year<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Efficacy of capacity in reducing pressure<\/dt><dd>4.0% a year<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Investment response to perceived pressure<\/dt><dd>20%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Perception delay<\/dt><dd>4.0 years<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Tipping threshold of pressure<\/dt><dd>60 index<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Amplification past the threshold<\/dt><dd>2.0 times<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Years simulated<\/dt><dd>50 years<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Readouts<\/p><dl class=\"nx-in-out\" data-nxi-out=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><div><dt>Peak pressure<\/dt><dd>113 index<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Capacity at the end<\/dt><dd>186 index<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Years over the threshold<\/dt><dd>15.8 years<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><details class=\"nx-in-more\"><summary>Numbers, methods and sources<\/summary><div class=\"nx-in-more-in\"><div class=\"nx-in-tblw\" data-nxi-table=\"true\"><table class=\"nx-in-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pressure<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Capacity<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Perceived<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">0<\/th><td>20.0<\/td><td>50.0<\/td><td>20.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">4<\/th><td>23.3<\/td><td>44.9<\/td><td>21.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">8<\/th><td>27.2<\/td><td>42.2<\/td><td>24.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">12<\/th><td>31.7<\/td><td>42.3<\/td><td>27.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">16<\/th><td>36.8<\/td><td>45.5<\/td><td>32.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">20<\/th><td>42.3<\/td><td>51.5<\/td><td>37.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">24<\/th><td>47.9<\/td><td>60.3<\/td><td>42.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">28<\/th><td>53.2<\/td><td>71.3<\/td><td>48.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">32<\/th><td>57.8<\/td><td>84.3<\/td><td>53.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">36<\/th><td>66.4<\/td><td>98.4<\/td><td>58.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">40<\/th><td>82.7<\/td><td>115.9<\/td><td>69.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">44<\/th><td>97.8<\/td><td>139.7<\/td><td>83.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">48<\/th><td>109.1<\/td><td>169.4<\/td><td>97.3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-csv=\"true\" hidden>Download the numbers (CSV)<\/button><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Methods<\/h4><ol class=\"nx-in-meth\"><li>System dynamics <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Forrester (1961), Industrial Dynamics, MIT Press; Sterman (2000), Business Dynamics<\/span><\/li><li>Critical transitions and tipping points <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Scheffer and others (2009), Early-warning signals for critical transitions, Nature 461<\/span><\/li><li>Causal loop diagram <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Sterman (2000), Business Dynamics, McGraw-Hill<\/span><\/li><li>Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333<\/span><\/li><li>One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley<\/span><\/li><\/ol><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Data<\/h4><p class=\"nx-p\">No observed data enters this model: it runs on the teaching values set by the controls, to be replaced with a programme&#8217;s own evidence.<\/p><\/div><\/details><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\">Stocks, flows, delays and a tipping threshold. Illustrative teaching model: it runs on the values set by the controls, not on measured data. Methods: System dynamics (Forrester (1961), Industrial Dynamics, MIT Press; Sterman (2000), Business Dynamics); Critical transitions and tipping points (Scheffer and others (2009), Early-warning signals for critical transitions, Nature 461); Causal loop diagram (Sterman (2000), Business Dynamics, McGraw-Hill).<\/figcaption><div class=\"nx-in-pls\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-pl\" aria-label=\"Where this instrument connects across the pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Experiments<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Built in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/foundry\/\">Economic Development in Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Tested at<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/universe\/\">Economic Development in Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Codified in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/finance\/\">Finance, Insurance and the Economy in Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Published in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/reports\/\">Economic Development in Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Taught in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/finance-economics\/\">Faculty of Finance and Economics in Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><span class=\"nx-in-keep\" hidden><i data-c=\"c1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c4\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c6\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"h3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"neg\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"0\"><\/i><i data-l=\"1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"2\"><\/i><i data-l=\"3\"><\/i><i data-l=\"4\"><\/i><i data-l=\"5\"><\/i><i data-on=\"0\"><\/i><i data-on=\"1\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"p\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"n\"><\/i><i data-k=\"R\"><\/i><i data-k=\"B\"><\/i><i data-k=\"dash\"><\/i><i data-dash=\"true\"><\/i><i data-view=\"result\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"on\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"off\"><\/i><i class=\"nx-in-svg nx-in-grid nx-in-ax nx-in-tk nx-in-at nx-in-ln nx-in-band nx-in-lbl nx-in-lk nx-in-ref nx-in-reft nx-in-mk nx-in-x nx-in-rect nx-in-val nx-in-rowl nx-in-cl nx-in-arrow nx-in-pol nx-in-cln nx-in-loop nx-in-edge nx-in-node nx-in-nl nx-in-reach nx-in-trib nx-in-agent nx-in-flow nx-in-legend nx-in-sw nx-in-note nx-in-loops nx-in-3d nx-in-cv nx-in-field nx-in-fl nx-in-fv nx-in-range nx-in-btn nx-in-err nx-in-tbl nx-in-cite\"><\/i><\/span><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-frameworks\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Frameworks<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What the work is read against.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The platform does not set standards. It reads its evidence against the frameworks that competent bodies have adopted, so a finding can be placed where a decision-maker already works.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"register\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Framework or standard<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it sets<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">System of National Accounts<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">United Nations, European Commission, IMF, OECD and World Bank<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">The international standard for measuring economic activity, including GDP<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Sustainable Development Goals 8, 9 and 10<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">United Nations<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Targets for decent work and growth, industry and infrastructure, and reduced inequality<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Addis Ababa Action Agenda and the Sevilla financing for development outcome<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">United Nations Financing for Development conferences<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Commitments on mobilising public and private finance for development<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">IMF Fiscal Transparency Code<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">International Monetary Fund<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Standards for fiscal reporting, forecasting and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 fiscal-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The possibility of deviations of public finances from expectations, from shocks, hidden liabilities or policy.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">fiscal risk<\/a> management<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability framework<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">PEFA Secretariat and partners<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Assessment of public financial management performance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 debt-sustainability\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The ability of a borrower to meet current and future debt obligations without exceptional financing or a major correction.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Debt Sustainability<\/a> Frameworks<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">IMF and World Bank<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Methods for assessing public debt sustainability in low-income and market-access countries<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">System of Environmental-Economic Accounting<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">UN Statistical Commission<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Integrating environmental and economic data, including ecosystem accounts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Decent Work Agenda and ILO international labour standards<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">International Labour Organization<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Standards on employment, rights at work, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">social protection<\/a> and dialogue<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-span=\"wide\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Model Economic Development as a system. Run the cascade.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Assembled from the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> area profile <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/finance\/financial-and-economic-risk-standards\/\">Financial and economic risk standards<\/a>: the hazards it names, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/system-builder\/\">System Builder<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-es-home-G-P15\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">Sea-level rise<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h47\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 infra.structural.dam-failure\" data-tk=\"Built systems \u00b7 Structural and civil failure\" data-td=\"Breach or collapse of a dam, sending a sudden flood wave downstream.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H47\" data-tr=\"draft\">Dam failure<\/a><\/li><li>Coastal flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Storm surge (set off downstream)<\/li><li>High-tide flooding (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Coastal erosion (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Saltwater intrusion (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Estuary flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>River flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Flash flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Mass displacement (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Coastal habitat squeeze (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Wetland loss (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Mangrove loss (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Groundwater flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Widespread power outage (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Water supply shortfall (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Climate-driven migration and relocation (set off downstream)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/finance\/financial-and-economic-risk-standards\/\">Financial and economic risk standards<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/climate-risk-standards\/\">Climate risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/finance\/financial-stability-and-prudential-risk\/\">Financial stability and prudential risk<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Mechanism<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/political-and-governance-risk-standards\/\">Political and governance risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Feedback<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/industry-trade\/supply-chain-and-trade-risk\/\">Supply chain and trade risk<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-0<\/code> Constitution and principles<\/li><li><code>NS-3<\/code> Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)<\/li><li><code>NS-9<\/code> Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)<\/li><li><code>NS-10<\/code> Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)<\/li><li><code>NS-11<\/code> Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)<\/li><li><code>NS-14<\/code> Conformance and crosswalk to external standards<\/li><li><code>NRS-H59<\/code> Hazard family: Economic shocks and governance failure (NHS-1 soc.economic)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H113<\/code> Hazard family: Financial-system fragility (NHS-1 soc.financial-system)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H118<\/code> Hazard family: Organised crime and illicit economies (NHS-1 soc.crime)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H114<\/code> Hazard family: Macroeconomic and fiscal shocks (NHS-1 soc.macro-fiscal)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H61<\/code> Hazard family: Cascading failure (NHS-1 sys.cascade)<\/li><li><code>NRS-U27<\/code> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> platform profile: Sovereign Capital Nexus<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>IMF data services (WEO, IFS, FSI via SDMX) (listed for reference)<\/li><li>BIS Data Portal (credit, debt service, property prices, banking statistics) (listed for reference)<\/li><li>World Bank Open Data and World Development Indicators API (listed for reference)<\/li><li>OECD Data Explorer (SDMX API) (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Macroeconomic Dashboard<\/li><li>Debt service as a proportion of exports of goods and services<\/li><li>Financial Soundness Indicators<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Example geography<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Western Europe: 152 hexagonal cells<\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface water through cloud, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-S1 radar), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Vegetation disturbance alerts, 30 m (OPERA DIST-ALERT), NASA GIBS<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-3\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-label=\"Overview, Methods and evidence, Mandate and boundaries\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Overview, Methods and evidence, Mandate and boundaries\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-overview\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Overview<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-audience\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Methods and evidence<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-mandate\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Mandate and boundaries<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-overview\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Overview<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What Economic Development does.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Economic development is the sustained improvement in living standards that comes from growth, structural transformation and the wide sharing of gains. Economic Development covers productivity, industrial policy, external shocks, regions, the digital economy, public finance, food, energy and water economics, and employment under technological change. Ministries, central banks and development institutions decide.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M16 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M22 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87\"\/><path d=\"M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Who it serves<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Its community<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Development economists; policy researchers; economic planners; industry analysts.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M6 18h8\"\/><path d=\"M3 22h18\"\/><path d=\"M14 22a7 7 0 1 0 0-14h-1\"\/><path d=\"M9 14h2\"\/><path d=\"M9 12a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6h6v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2Z\"\/><path d=\"M12 6V3a1 1 0 0 0-1-1H9a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">How it works<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Its methods<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Economic risk modelling; inclusive indicators; input-output and fiscal analysis.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M15 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7Z\"\/><path d=\"M14 2v4a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4\"\/><path d=\"M10 9H8\"\/><path d=\"M16 13H8\"\/><path d=\"M16 17H8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What it produces<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Its outputs<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Development resilience profiles; economic transmission methods; policy briefs.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and evidence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How Economic Development is modelled, measured and tested.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"science\" data-au-n=\"2\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"method-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Model, equations and assumptions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">The model structure used for Economic Development, the assumptions it makes and how each is tested.<\/p><div class=\"nx-au-eqs\"><div class=\"nx-au-eq\"><span class=\"nx-au-k\">Risk of element i<\/span><code>R<sub>i<\/sub> = f(H<sub>i<\/sub>, E<sub>i<\/sub>, V<sub>i<\/sub>, C<sub>i<\/sub>)<\/code><span class=\"nx-au-n\">hazard, exposure, vulnerability and coping capacity<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-au-eq\"><span class=\"nx-au-k\">Expected annual loss<\/span><code>EAL = &#8721;<sub>k<\/sub> p<sub>k<\/sub> &#183; L<sub>k<\/sub><\/code><span class=\"nx-au-n\">over events k with annual probability p<sub>k<\/sub><\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-au-eq\"><span class=\"nx-au-k\">Coupled systems<\/span><code>x<sub>t+1<\/sub> = A x<sub>t<\/sub> + B u<sub>t<\/sub> + &#949;<sub>t<\/sub><\/code><span class=\"nx-au-n\">A carries the couplings, u the shock, &#949; the error<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Assumption<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Why it is made<\/th><th scope=\"col\">How it is tested<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Assumption\">Hazard and exposure are independent within an event<\/td><td data-label=\"Why it is made\">Keeps the loss integral tractable<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is tested\">Compare with a copula fit on joint records<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Assumption\">Couplings are linear near the operating point<\/td><td data-label=\"Why it is made\">Lets shocks propagate through A<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is tested\">Perturb beyond the linear range and compare<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Assumption\">Vulnerability curves transfer between places<\/td><td data-label=\"Why it is made\">Local curves are rarely available<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is tested\">Validate against observed losses where they exist<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><dl class=\"nx-au-kv\"><div><dt>Inputs<\/dt><dd>versioned datasets with provenance<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Outputs<\/dt><dd>distributions, never single numbers<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Code<\/dt><dd>released with the model card and tests<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Reproduction<\/dt><dd>same data, code, environment and seed<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Standard risk and state-space formulations; the assumptions listed are typical of the method, stated for review, not results.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"sensitivity\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Sensitivity analysis<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">Which inputs move the result for Economic Development most, one at a time across their stated ranges.<\/p><div class=\"nx-au-fig\"><svg class=\"nx-au-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 560 232\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Tornado chart of the result's sensitivity to six inputs\" focusable=\"false\"><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"300\" y1=\"10\" x2=\"300\" y2=\"208\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"89.6\" y=\"32\" text-anchor=\"end\">Hazard intensity<\/text><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"178.6\" y=\"20\" width=\"121.4\" height=\"18\"\/><rect class=\"nx-au-bar nx-au-bar-ac\" x=\"300\" y=\"20\" width=\"92.4\" height=\"18\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"129.2\" y=\"64\" text-anchor=\"end\">Exposure value<\/text><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"202.3\" y=\"52\" width=\"97.7\" height=\"18\"\/><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"300\" y=\"52\" width=\"81.8\" height=\"18\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"146.8\" y=\"96\" text-anchor=\"end\">Vulnerability curve<\/text><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"212.9\" y=\"84\" width=\"87.1\" height=\"18\"\/><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"300\" y=\"84\" width=\"72.6\" height=\"18\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"186.4\" y=\"128\" text-anchor=\"end\">Coupling strength<\/text><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"236.6\" y=\"116\" width=\"63.4\" height=\"18\"\/><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"300\" y=\"116\" width=\"68.6\" height=\"18\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"215\" y=\"160\" text-anchor=\"end\">Adaptive capacity<\/text><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"253.8\" y=\"148\" width=\"46.2\" height=\"18\"\/><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"300\" y=\"148\" width=\"52.8\" height=\"18\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"243.6\" y=\"192\" text-anchor=\"end\">Data resolution<\/text><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"271.0\" y=\"180\" width=\"29.0\" height=\"18\"\/><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"300\" y=\"180\" width=\"23.8\" height=\"18\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"230\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">input at its low value<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"370\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">input at its high value<\/text><\/svg><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Illustrative one-at-a-time sensitivity; a full analysis adds variance-based (Sobol) indices. Not results.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">FAIR guiding principles \u00b7 GO FAIR and FORCE11<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">W3C PROV \u00b7 World Wide Web Consortium<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Guidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties \u00b7 IPCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">CEOS Analysis Ready Data \u00b7 Committee on Earth Observation Satellites<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-mandate\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mandate and boundaries<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What Economic Development studies, and who decides economic policy.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Economic Development, studies how economies grow, transform and share gains, and how systemic shocks set them back. Finance and planning ministries, central banks and development institutions decide; the platform recommends no investment, lends nothing and takes no position on economic policy beyond setting out evidence and trade-offs.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Economic projections shown here are scenario illustrations, never forecasts.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-geography\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">People and exposure in Africa.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Population density, night lights and daytime surface heat over Africa, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"africa:social\" data-ml-feeds=\"eonet|https:\/\/eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/v3\/events\" data-ml-src=\"social\" data-ml-plan=\"p-16096efc\" data-ml-view=\"2d\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:social\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.health.people gibs.energy.ntl gibs.health.lstd gibs.water.true gibs.food.cover gibs.health.no2 ev.eonet r.dist r.hls r.hbase r.tropomi r.urbex r.labels f.ens\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect measure aoi export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-social\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-social\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"-19,-36,53,38\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"People and exposure, Africa: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"ntl,people||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Lights and people<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"people||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Population<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"ntl||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Night lights<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"lstd||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Surface heat<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">3<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">People and exposure, for this page<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"people\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Population density\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)\" data-wm-kind=\"Census-based estimate, static (2020)\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Population density, 2020<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University) Gridded Population of the World v4.11 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"estimated\" data-wm-lic=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-wm-unit=\"people\/km\u00b2\">Estimated<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"people\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.people\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Estimated<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University))<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>null; Census-based estimate, static (2020)<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Census-based estimate of people per square kilometre in 2020, shown as exposure context; not a count of people affected by any hazard.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"ntl\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.9\" data-wm-short=\"Night lights\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LAADS DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite radiance, corrected for moonlight and atmosphere\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Night-time lights, daily<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LAADS DAAC VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ntl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"nW\/(cm\u00b2 sr)\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"ntl\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.energy.ntl\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) (NASA LAADS DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LAADS DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite radiance, corrected for moonlight and atmosphere<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite night-time radiance for the date shown; lights are a proxy for electricity use and outages, not a measurement of supply or access.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"lstd\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Land temperature, day\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite 8-day composite; persistent cloud still leaves gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"lstd\">14 Sep 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"\u00b0C\">Observed (persistent cloud still leaves gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"lstd\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.lstd\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (persistent cloud still leaves gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>8-day; Satellite 8-day composite; persistent cloud still leaves gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-09-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite skin temperature of the ground over the 8 days ending on the date shown, a heat exposure indicator; not air temperature, heat index or a heat warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"4\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.6\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite image\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">True colour<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"true\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.true\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite image<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"cover\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"24\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.7\" data-wm-short=\"Land cover\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land cover type (IGBP), yearly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"class\">Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"cover\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.cover\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2024-01-01<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"no2\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"25\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Nitrogen dioxide\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA GES DISC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite retrieval; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Nitrogen dioxide, lower atmosphere column<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA GES DISC OMI Aura \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"no2\">10 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"10\u00b9\u2075 molecules\/cm\u00b2\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"no2\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.no2\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>OMI Aura (NASA GES DISC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA GES DISC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite retrieval; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-10<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite column of nitrogen dioxide in the lower atmosphere on the day shown, mostly from combustion; not a ground-level concentration or a health warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" aria-label=\"Map controls\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-open\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-panel\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Layers\" title=\"Layers\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2.5l-6.5 3.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5zm-6.5 6.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5m-13 2.8 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"tools\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" title=\"Expert tools\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 4.5l10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-7.5-8.5 0 3m5 .5 0 3m-3.5.5 0 3\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-sep\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"in\" aria-label=\"Zoom in\" title=\"Zoom in\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 3v10M3 8h10\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"out\" aria-label=\"Zoom out\" title=\"Zoom out\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 8h10\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"reset\" aria-label=\"Reset the view\" title=\"Reset the view\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.2 8a4.8 4.8 0 1 0 1.5-3.5M3.2 2.6v2.6h2.6\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"full\" aria-label=\"Full screen\" title=\"Full screen\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M2.5 6l0-3.5 3.5 0m7.5 3.5 0-3.5-3.5 0m-7.5 7.5 0 3.5 3.5 0m7.5-3.5 0 3.5-3.5 0\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-menu\" id=\"nx-wm-menu\" role=\"menu\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"inspect\">Inspect a point<kbd>I<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"measure\">Measure distance<kbd>M<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"share\">Copy a link to this view<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"png\">Export as PNG with credits<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"xt\" data-wm-xt=\"NxAjSJ6JoGGZsXu22d+kvA4nR9AJ6Njy+\/Xy2FIyELw=\">More expert tools<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\">Keyboard shortcuts<kbd>?<\/kbd><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-keys\" role=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Keyboard shortcuts\" hidden><p class=\"nx-wm-keys-title\">Keyboard, with the map focused<\/p><dl class=\"nx-wm-keys-list\"><\/dl><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-keys-close\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\" aria-label=\"Close the shortcuts\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-hint\" hidden>Hold Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll to zoom<\/p><p class=\"nx-wm-toolbar\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-tip\" role=\"tooltip\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin\" hidden><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-pin-title\"><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"unpin\" aria-label=\"Close the card\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-chart\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-body\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-dock\"><div class=\"nx-wm-time\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Imagery date\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"prev\" aria-label=\"One day earlier\">\u2039<\/button><p class=\"nx-wm-time-label\">Latest available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>People and exposure, framed on Africa.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET \u00b7 NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.water-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"sedac.gpw-v4\">Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7927\/H49C6VHW\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.7927\/H49C6VHW<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.laads.black-marble\">VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.modis-viirs.land\">MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gesdisc.aura-omi-omps\">OMI nitrogen dioxide (Aura) and OMPS aerosol index (Suomi NPP), NASA; distributed by the NASA GES DISC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li><\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>Air quality forecast, 5 days, PM2.5 (CAMS via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information 2026.<\/li><li>Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https:\/\/open-meteo.com\/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/).<\/li><li>Optional layers (9 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/li><li>Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ntl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite: VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"lstd\">14 Sep 2026<\/span><\/li><li>True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/li><li>Nitrogen dioxide, lower atmosphere column: OMI Aura, NASA GES DISC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"no2\">10 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-4\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-label=\"Across the domains, Reports, standards and contributions, The problem, What the platform does\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Across the domains, Reports, standards and contributions, The problem, What the platform does\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-nexus-couplings\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Across the domains<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-and-contributions\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-the-problem\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">The problem<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-what-the-platform-does\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">What the platform does<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-nexus-couplings\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the domains<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Development depends on the five domains.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><ul class=\"nx-dir\" data-cols=\"2\" aria-label=\"Domain\"><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Water<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Water scarcity and floods constrain agriculture, industry and cities.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Energy<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Energy access and prices shape productivity and competitiveness.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Food<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Food prices drive inflation and household welfare in many economies.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Health<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Health shocks reduce labour supply and productivity.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Biodiversity<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Natural capital is an asset that national accounts are starting to record.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-and-contributions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where economic evidence goes.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Economic analyses are designed for the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/series\/country-systems\/\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience series<\/a>; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 fiscal-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The possibility of deviations of public finances from expectations, from shocks, hidden liabilities or policy.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">fiscal risk<\/a> questions connect to the work of The Global Risks Alliance (GRA) within its own boundaries. National accounts series would keep their statistical source under the proposed <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ecosystem\/standards\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a>.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Economists can contribute evaluations, including null results.<\/li><li>Statistics offices can share sub-national data.<\/li><li>Ministries can propose a scoping dialogue.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-the-problem\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The problem<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Development gains are exposed to shocks that arrive together.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Economic development is the long process by which economies raise productivity, diversify what they produce and translate that into better lives: higher incomes, decent jobs, health, education and security. Development economics has learned that this process is neither automatic nor linear. Growth can stall, gains can be concentrated, and progress built over a decade can be lost in a single crisis.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Shocks increasingly arrive in combination. A drought reduces harvests and hydropower, raising food and energy prices; a global slowdown lowers export demand and remittances; higher interest rates raise debt service; and a health emergency closes businesses and schools. Each shock weakens the capacity to absorb the next. Households sell assets or withdraw children from school, firms close, and governments cut investment to meet obligations, which slows recovery.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">These are systemic effects. They pass through supply chains, labour markets, prices, public budgets and financial <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, and their consequences are uneven across regions, sectors and social groups. Understanding them requires economic models that represent interdependence and that are tested against evidence, not assumed.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-what-the-platform-does\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-15\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">15<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the platform does<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Research on how economies develop, transmit shocks and recover.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The platform is designed to produce method-transparent evidence on development under <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 systemic-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk that the failure or disruption of parts of an interconnected system propagates through its dependencies to impair the functioning of the whole, often beyond the sector or place where it began. It arises from\u2026\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">systemic risk<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 3v18h18\"\/><path d=\"m19 9-5 5-4-4-3 3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Modelling<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Economic risk modelling<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Input-output, macroeconomic and agent-based models of how shocks transmit through economies.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M16 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M22 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87\"\/><path d=\"M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Measurement<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Inclusive indicators<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Measures of who gains and who loses, beyond averages, by region, sector, sex and income.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><line x1=\"3\" x2=\"21\" y1=\"22\" y2=\"22\"\/><line x1=\"6\" x2=\"6\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\"\/><line x1=\"10\" x2=\"10\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\"\/><line x1=\"14\" x2=\"14\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\"\/><line x1=\"18\" x2=\"18\" y1=\"18\" y2=\"11\"\/><polygon points=\"12 2 20 7 4 7\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Public finance<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Fiscal analysis<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Evidence on fiscal capacity, contingent liabilities and the public cost of shocks.<\/p><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Signature outputs are designed to include development resilience profiles, economic transmission methods and policy briefs, each released with its data and assumptions.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-5\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-label=\"Foundations and counterparts, Grounding, Cycle, Six pillars\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Foundations and counterparts, Grounding, Cycle, Six pillars\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-foundations-and-counterparts\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Foundations and counterparts<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-grounding\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Grounding<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-cycle\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Cycle<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pillars\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Six pillars<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-foundations-and-counterparts\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-16\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">16<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Foundations and counterparts<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-16\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How the platform works with its STEM foundation and the other institutions.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Economic Development is the steward of three STEM methods in the GCRI STEM Commons: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/economics\/\">economics and development economics<\/a>, econometrics and causal inference and impact evaluation. It also applies <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/network-science\/\">network science and contagion<\/a> and complex <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and agent-based modelling. Its <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/stem\/\">STEM applications<\/a> show how each is used.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Economic development is the real-economy field; financial specialisms belong to The Global Risks Alliance (GRA). Its GRA industry counterparts are the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/development-finance-nexus\/\">Development Finance Nexus<\/a>, Disaster Risk Finance and Public Finance and Sovereign Debt, which build shared industry understanding without giving advice or arranging transactions. At The Global Risks Forum, the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/capital\/\">Capital Nexus at The Global Risks Forum (GRF)<\/a> convenes dialogue on how capital is governed for development. See all <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/counterparts\/\">counterparts<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">The platform&#8217;s evidence is designed to feed the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/series\/country-systems\/\">Country Systems series<\/a> and Global Systems series, and a Universe exercise on the economic transmission of a compound shock, described on the platform&#8217;s Universe page.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-grounding\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-17\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">17<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Grounding<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-17\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Built on named science, technology, engineering and mathematics.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Every claim on Economic Development rests on methods with a canonical page in the STEM Commons, so readers can see what a finding depends on and where its limits lie.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Economics and development economics<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Econometrics<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Causal inference and impact evaluation<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Network science and contagion<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Complex systems and agent-based modelling<\/span><\/div><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-3\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/stem\/\">See the STEM foundation of Economic Development<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-cycle\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-18\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">18<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Cycle<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-18\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How work moves in this field.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">A question becomes evidence, a governed build, an organised community, a controlled test, a reviewed publication and, finally, a decision taken by the competent authority under its own rules.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cycle-lanes\"><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Question<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> National, regional or institutional priority. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/programmes\/\">Question in Economic Development<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Evidence<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> STEM foundation of the platform. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/stem\/\">Evidence in Economic Development<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Build<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Foundry. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/foundry\/\">Build in Economic Development<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Organise<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/organization\/architecture\/ii.-definitions\/i.-nexus-ecosystem\" data-tc=\"Nexus Ecosystem\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The whole of the institutions, pillars, systems and communities\">Nexus ecosystem<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/community\/\">Organise in Economic Development<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Test<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Universe (independent site). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/universe\/\">Test in Economic Development<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Publish<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Reports<\/span> Reports. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/reports\/\">Publish in Economic Development<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"authority\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Decide<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Competent authority<\/span> Competent authorities and institutions, through <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s18\" data-tc=\"NXS-RLS\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Participants, agreements and handoffs\" data-ts=\"NRS-S18\">NXS-RLS (participants, agreements and handoffs)<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/trust\/\">Decide in Economic Development<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Renew<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Corrections and the next annual agenda. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/programmes\/\">Renew in Economic Development<\/a><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Each step of the cycle in the pillar it runs in; the decision stays with the competent authority, outside the programme.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"authority\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Competent authority (outside the programme)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pillars\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-19\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">19<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Six pillars<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-19\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How this works across the six pillars.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Economic Development works through six pillars of one annual programme, led by the Nexus Consortium, with GCRI, GRF and GRA each contributing in its role: explore, experiment and prototype in <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/labs\" data-tc=\"Labs\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The research pillar of the programme, one of six (OR-11, OR-12)\">Labs<\/a>, build, simulate and prepare in Foundry, convene and test in Universe, codify, correct and apply in <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>, publish in every format in Reports, teach in the open in Risk Academy.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-pl-ring nx-canvas-wrap\" data-pl-hex=\"true\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig nx-phex\" data-nx-phex=\"012345\" data-phex-ctx=\"whole\" data-phex=\"{&quot;S&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;L&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Experiments&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Turns open questions into designed experiments&quot;,&quot;Prototypes new methods, data pipelines and tools&quot;,&quot;Records failures and limits alongside results&quot;,&quot;Hands reproducible prototypes to the Foundry&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;F&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Builds&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/foundry\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Builds the cycle's software, data and environments&quot;,&quot;Simulates scenarios and runs benchmarks&quot;,&quot;Monitors hazards, systems and evidence&quot;,&quot;Develops and tracks the National Portfolio&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;U&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Convenes and tests&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/universe\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/universe.nexus\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Sets the annual mandate and admits missions&quot;,&quot;Runs readiness, the controlled build and Action Week&quot;,&quot;Stands down temporary capacity and seals evidence&quot;,&quot;Reviews the year and renews the mandate&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;S&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Standards&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Nexus Standards&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Codify and correct&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/finance\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Identifies every artefact with a UNI&quot;,&quot;Routes work to the standards that apply&quot;,&quot;Validates and monitors conformance evidence&quot;,&quot;Takes cycle findings as change proposals&quot;,&quot;Records national adoption&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;R&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Publishes&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/reports\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes four editions a year, with Q4 as the annual flagship&quot;,&quot;Maintains country and regional profiles&quot;,&quot;Publishes exponential technology streams&quot;,&quot;Records corrections and method changes&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;academy&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;A&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Academy&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Risk Academy&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Teaches&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/finance-economics\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes a course for every system, standard and programme role&quot;,&quot;Assesses learning on real cycle tasks&quot;,&quot;Issues microcredentials and achievements through accountable issuers&quot;,&quot;Feeds qualified people into the next cycle&quot;]}],&quot;H&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F01&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision case&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F02&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Core Build Report and go or no-go evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F03&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F04&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F05&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;National Portfolio movement for chapter 11&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F06&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Method and correction findings as change proposals&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F07&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Docket items that need a standard or a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F08&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Composed mission profiles and national adoption records&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F09&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each adopted standard or profile becomes a course module&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F10&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F11&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Qualified participants for the next cycle's roles&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F12&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F13&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Validation and monitoring evidence for conformance review&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F14&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a learning-by-doing course&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R1&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Applied in editions&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R2&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Taught in the open&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R3&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:0,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Questions become experiments&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R4&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:0,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Tested prototypes are built&quot;}],&quot;PH&quot;:[[&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;Planning&quot;],[&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;Readiness preparation&quot;],[&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;Controlled build&quot;],[&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;Closeout&quot;],[&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;After-action review&quot;],[&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;Correction&quot;],[&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;Docket review&quot;],[&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;Renewal&quot;]],&quot;L&quot;:[[1,3],[1,2],[2,5],[2,4],[1,5,2],[1,4,3],[1,4,2],[1,2,3],[2,3,5],[1,5,2,3],[1,4,2,3],[1,3,5,2],[1,2,4,3],[2,4,3,5],[1,5,2,4,3],[1,4,3,5,2],[0,1,2,3,4,5]],&quot;CTX&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;whole&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;The whole programme&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3,4,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year's feedback loops.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;practice&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;From prototype to practice&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;A Labs prototype is built in the Foundry, tested in a Universe mission and codified as a standard.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;build-test&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Build and test&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;The Foundry builds what a mission needs; Universe returns the go or no-go evidence.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;conformance&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Conformance&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Validation evidence goes to Standards for review; composed profiles come back for the next build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;correction&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;A finding becomes a correction&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,4,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Observations are published, a method finding becomes a change proposal, the corrected profile returns to the build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mandate&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Setting the next mandate&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,4],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;After-action findings go into the editions; the Q4 synthesis informs next year's mandate.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;people&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;People for the next cycle&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence; qualified participants take roles in the next cycle.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;learning&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Learning by doing&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a course; learners join missions, and missions return to the Foundry.&quot;}]}\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-plate\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Routes through the programme\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span>Select pillars \u00b7 hover lines<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">18 \/ 18 handoffs<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"The six pillars of the Consortium's programme: 18 of 18 handoffs in play, 17 feedback loops closed.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-phex-legend\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span><i class=\"nx-phex-k1\"><\/i>handoff in play<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-phex-k2\"><\/i>recorded handoff<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-phex-k3\"><\/i>no direct handoff<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-phex-phase\" hidden><p class=\"nx-phex-phh\"><span class=\"nx-phex-phk\">Programme year<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-pn\">All phases<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-phex-steps\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Phases of the programme year\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"play\">Play the year<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"allph\">All phases<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Route<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">The whole programme<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year&#8217;s feedback loops.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>L<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>U<\/span> \u00b7 <span>S<\/span> \u00b7 <span>R<\/span> \u00b7 <span>A<\/span><\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Pillars<\/dt><dd><strong>6<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Handoffs<\/dt><dd><strong>18<\/strong> <small>of 18<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Loops<\/dt><dd><strong>17<\/strong> <small>closed<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><h3 class=\"nx-nsig-dh\">Handoffs in play<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-nsig-rel nx-phex-rel\"><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F01<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Universe \u2192 Foundry<\/b> \u00b7 Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision case<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">Readiness preparation<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F02<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Foundry \u2192 Universe<\/b> \u00b7 Core Build Report and go or no-go evidence<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">Controlled build<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F03<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Foundry \u2192 Reports<\/b> \u00b7 Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">Closeout<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F04<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Universe \u2192 Reports<\/b> \u00b7 After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">After-action review<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-nsig-hint\">and 14 more<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" data-phex-acts=\"true\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"all\">Whole ring<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-phex-act=\"copy\">Copy route<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">F01 to F14 are the recorded handoffs of the programme year, each with the artefact that moves and its phase; R1, R2, R3 and R4 carry work around the ring. A loop counts when every pillar on it is selected. Every pillar is led by the Nexus Consortium.<\/figcaption><\/figure><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Labs<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where questions become experiments and prototypes: new methods, data and tools are tried in the open, with their limits on record, before the Foundry builds them, under the Nexus Consortium.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Foundry<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where methods, data and models become reproducible builds, each run with its inputs, version and limits on record.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/foundry\/\">Economic Development in Foundry<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Universe<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where a build is tested under controlled conditions with independent evaluators, so a method&#8217;s skill is measured, not assumed.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/universe\/\">Economic Development in Universe<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">universe.nexus<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where methods, identifiers and data schemas are codified in the open and corrected when a test finds a fault.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/finance\/\">Finance, Insurance and the Economy in Standards<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">nexustandards.com<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where findings are published with their method, uncertainty and evidence class, and corrected as new versions.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/reports\/\">Economic Development in Reports<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Risk Academy<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where methods and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> are taught on real data and real places, by working the case, on Risk Academy.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/finance-economics\/\">Faculty of Finance and Economics in Academy<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">risksacademy.com<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-6\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-label=\"Consortium, Sources, Pages, Connected\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Consortium, Sources, Pages, Connected\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-6-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-consortium\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Consortium<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-6-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Sources<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-6-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-22-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Pages<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-6-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-23-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Connected<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-consortium\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-20\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-6-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">20<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Consortium<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-20\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The same field, seen three ways.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">GCRI studies a field as science, GRF governs it and GRA builds shared financial understanding of it. Economic Development links to its counterparts so that work on one side is visible on the others.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"register\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><ul class=\"nx-dir\" data-cols=\"3\" aria-label=\"Platform\"><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/capital\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Capital Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRF<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Development finance<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/development-finance-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Development Finance Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRA<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Development finance, Economic development<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/disaster-risk-finance\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Disaster Risk Finance<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRA<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Development finance<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/public-finance-sovereign-debt\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Public Finance and Sovereign Debt<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRA<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Development finance<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-21\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-6-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">21<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-21\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page&#8217;s references lead.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/unstats.un.org\/unsd\/nationalaccount\/sna.asp\"><span>System of National Accounts 2025 (UN Statistical Commission, 2025)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/financing.desa.un.org\/\"><span>Compromiso de Sevilla, outcome of the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development (United Nations, 2025)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/np\/fad\/trans\/\"><span>IMF Fiscal Transparency Code (IMF, 2019)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pefa.org\/\"><span>PEFA Framework for assessing public financial management (PEFA, 2016)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\"><span>Nexus Standards, the proposed NS series (nexustandards.com)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-22-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-22\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-6-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">22<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Pages<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-22\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Pages in Economic Development.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cards\" data-cols=\"3\"><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/about\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Mandate and publisher<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/field\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Field overview<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/research\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Research and evidence<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/innovation\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Innovation and practical technology<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/programmes\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Programmes and projects<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/tools\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Data and technical methods<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/community\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Specialist community<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/learning\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Learning and professional development<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/events\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Events and technical dialogues<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/publications\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Research and publications<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/participate\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Participation paths<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Contact the specialist team<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/trust\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Trust, rights and status<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/stem\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">STEM foundation of Economic Development<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/cycle\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">How work moves in this field<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/foundry\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Build in Foundry<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/universe\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Test in Universe<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/reports\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Publish in Reports<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/counterparts\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">The same field across the Consortium<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/topics\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Topics<\/h3><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-23-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-23\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-6-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">23<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connected<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-23\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page leads across the Consortium.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/fields\/economy\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Field gateway<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Economic development<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/fields\/development\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Field gateway<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Development finance<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-7\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-label=\"Questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-7-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-24-sec\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-s-24-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-24\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-7-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">24<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-24\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>Who publishes Economic Development?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) publishes Economic Development and is responsible for what it publishes. GCRI is a research, development and policy institution. It is not a regulator, and it does not certify, license or approve; its findings carry their methods and uncertainty.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is Economic Development active?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Economic Development is an established platform of The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation. Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How can I contribute?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Start with <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/participate\/\">the participation paths<\/a> or write to the contact form. An enquiry receives a reference; it does not create membership, a role or an assignment.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Where are findings published?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Reviewed outputs appear on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/publications\/\">the publications page<\/a>, and contributions to the Reports series are listed on Publish in Reports.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which values on this platform are real?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Indicator names, units, sources, methods and frameworks are real. Levels in figures and canvases are examples in a design. A programme replaces them with labelled evidence it owns.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How do I report an error?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Use <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/trust\/corrections\/\">corrections and concerns<\/a>, or write to the integrity concern form. A correction is recorded as a new version, never a silent edit.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How does this platform differ from GRA&#8217;s development finance work?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">This platform studies the real economy: production, trade, jobs and public budgets. GRA platforms build industry understanding of how those risks appear in finance. Each links to the other&#8217;s work.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does the platform advise governments on economic policy?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. It produces research and briefs that explain mechanisms and trade-offs. Policy choices remain with governments and their institutions.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Economic Development<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Systems Risk and Resilience<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/economic-development#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scn-h-g-p15\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">How it works<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-scn-h-g-p15\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">How Economic Development works.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede nx-mt-2\">Choose a view and press Play to follow the platform&#8217;s process, its programme year, the standards it applies and how its findings are published. The outline shows how the work is designed to run, not the status of any decision.<\/p><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><div class=\"nx-pe\" id=\"nx-pe-g-p15\" data-nx-pe=\"nx-pe-g-p15\" data-active=\"platforms\"><div class=\"nx-pe-shell\"><p class=\"nx-pe-eb\">Economic Development<\/p><h2 class=\"nx-pe-title\">How Economic Development works<\/h2><p class=\"nx-pe-others\"><span aria-current=\"true\">Platforms<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Programme year<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Standards<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Reports<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-pe-cap\">A platform joins a field to named methods, labelled evidence and the outputs it publishes, without becoming the authority it serves.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pe-steps\"><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">01 Scope<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Field and families<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Start \u00b7 The platform lead<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The home states the field, its families and who it serves.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Topic dossiers<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 Platform authors<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Topics explain the subject with labelled evidence.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">02 Evidence<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Evidence labels<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Each value is labelled: observed, published statistics, estimated, modelled, scenario or unknown.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 Method owners<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Methods come from the STEM Commons, each with one canonical page.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">03 Work<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Scenarios on the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Model \u00b7 Foundry pillar<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Scenarios run on the Nexus systems, labelled as scenario.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Standards that apply<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The platform names the standards that apply. A validator report is evidence for review.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">04 Publish<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Editions<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Findings are published through Reports with their limits.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Authority decides<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Outcome \u00b7 The competent authority<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Decisions and execution stay with the government, operator or licensed institution.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-pe-foot\"><span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Economic Development home<\/a> \u00b7 Platforms \u00b7 Shared methods<\/span><span>An outline of how the work is designed to run; it does not report the status of any decision or record.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-economic-development\" data-nx-takepart=\"GCRI\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-economic-development-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Take part<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-economic-development-h\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Take part in Economic Development.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede nx-mt-2\">Start from who you are. Answer an open call. Or form and lead a competence cell on the Economic Development platform.<\/p><div class=\"nx-mt-3\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"routes\"><div class=\"nx-tablist\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Ways to take part\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-economic-development-tab-routes\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-economic-development-panel-routes\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"routes\">Routes<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-economic-development-tab-calls\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-economic-development-panel-calls\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"calls\">Open calls<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-economic-development-tab-cell\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-economic-development-panel-cell\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"cell\">Cells and CERTs<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-economic-development-tab-index\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-economic-development-panel-index\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"index\">The Index<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-economic-development-panel-routes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-economic-development-tab-routes\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">National institutions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Ministries, statistics offices and agencies: a national desk and chapter, and a seat in the working groups. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/national-chapters\/\">National chapters<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Sectors and professions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Operators, regulators, banks, insurers and professional bodies whose work touches Economic Development. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/participate\/\">Participate<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Learning<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Courses and practice, with a record of every course completed. Free to study. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/open-learning\/\">Open learning<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Standards<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Draft, review and adopt the methods and data standards with the working groups. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/working-groups\/\">Working groups<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Communities and research<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Universities, civil society and individual experts: projects, data and review. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/contact\/\">Write to the team<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-economic-development-panel-calls\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-economic-development-tab-calls\" hidden><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-nx-calls=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Open call<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Seeks<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Closes<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-closes=\"2026-12-15\"><td>Founding call for experts to the working groups <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-FOUNDING-EXPERTS<\/span><\/td><td>expert, editor, chair<\/td><td>2026-12-15<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2026-12-01\"><td>Open nomination for the three independent expert seats of the Global Standards Council <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-GSC-IND<\/span><\/td><td>council-member<\/td><td>2026-12-01<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2026-12-15\"><td>Nominations of interim regional members (applies only if the transitional provision is decided) <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-GSC-REG<\/span><\/td><td>council-member<\/td><td>2026-12-15<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-01-31\"><td>Review of the wave-1 risk core outlines (C1, C2, C3, C4, C8, C10, C11) <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-REVIEW-WAVE1<\/span><\/td><td>contributor<\/td><td>2027-01-31<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-01-31\"><td>Experts for the core standards of risk science: uncertainty and evidence grading, scales, structured expert judgement, tolerability, extremes and compound events, catastrophic and existential risk, ethics and equity, units and measurement (NRS-C17 to NRS-C24) <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-CORE-SCIENCE<\/span><\/td><td>expert, editor, chair<\/td><td>2027-01-31<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-03-31\"><td>Independent reviewers for the families of the hazard atlas, three from at least two regions for each family (NHS2-R19), priority families first <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-ATLAS-REVIEW<\/span><\/td><td>expert<\/td><td>2027-03-31<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2026-11-30\"><td>Members of the interim Frontier Safety Review Panel and red-team reviewers (biosafety and biosecurity, AI safety and security, critical-infrastructure security); applications treated in confidence <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-FRONTIER-SAFETY-REVIEW<\/span><\/td><td>expert<\/td><td>2026-11-30<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-01-31\"><td>Experts in ontology, metrology, software verification and conformity assessment for the requirement register, the NHS-2 machine representation, the conformance test suites and the conformity assessment scheme <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-CONFORMANCE-ONTOLOGY<\/span><\/td><td>expert, editor<\/td><td>2027-01-31<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note\">Calls past their closing date are hidden automatically. Every call, proposal and route: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/open-areas-and-calls\/\">open areas and calls<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-economic-development-panel-cell\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-economic-development-tab-cell\" hidden><div class=\"nx-panel-split\"><ol class=\"nx-terms\"><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Gather the cell<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Bring together three to seven people with complementary skills: data, field practice, policy and communication.<\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Register it<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Write to the team with the cell&#8217;s name, members, area and region. You receive a reference and a contact. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/contact\/\">Write to the team<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Choose a charter<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Pick one focus: research and evidence, data and maps, standards review, or community preparedness.<\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Learn together<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Follow shared study paths at Risk Academy, with practice and a record of every course completed. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/hazards-resilience\/\">Hazards and resilience<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Lead and report<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Hold regular sessions. Publish what the cell learns through Reports. Bring findings to the working groups. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/working-groups\/\">Working groups<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-callout nx-panel-aside\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-economic-development-cert\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-economic-development-cert\">Specialise as a Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">A CERT prepares its neighbourhood for the hazards it faces. It builds a local hazard profile from this site&#8217;s map. It trains in household and street preparedness. It learns first aid and light search through recognised local providers, and it runs drills.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">A CERT works alongside the local emergency services and follows their direction. It never replaces them and is not an emergency service.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-economic-development-panel-index\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-economic-development-tab-index\" hidden><p class=\"nx-panel-lead\">What a national team or a local community can do on The Global Risks Index (<a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s6\" data-tc=\"NXS-GRX\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Canonical data, provenance and risk\" data-ts=\"NRS-S6\">NXS-GRX<\/a>) today.<\/p><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"4\"><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Your country&#8217;s profile<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Open risk profiles for 195 countries, with sources and licences on every value. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Correct or reply<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Correct a value or reply for your country. The change is logged with its effect. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Offer data<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Offer a dataset. It enters through the licence gate, with your credit. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Use the open data<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Layers, profiles and tiles through the open API. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" id=\"nx-grix-therisk-global-economic-development\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-nx-grix=\"social:africa\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-grix-therisk-global-economic-development-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The Global Risks Index<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-grix-therisk-global-economic-development-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Every figure on this page is indexed: society, demography, health, Africa.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The Index is the Consortium&#8217;s indexing system for risk data. Every indicator, hazard, series and country profile carries its <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> identifier, its source and its licence, so what this page shows can be traced, corrected and reused.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix\"><ol class=\"nx-grix-rail\" aria-label=\"The data pipeline\"><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">01 \u00b7 Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">205 registered sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">Every value keeps its source and licence; withheld values are counted.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/data\/\">Data and licences<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">02 \u00b7 Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">NIS-1 and NHS-1<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">451 indicators, 905 hazards; every record carries a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a>.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">03 \u00b7 The Index<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">54 series, 195 country profiles<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">Computed on the standards; no value is published until an edition is released.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">The Global Risks Index<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">04 \u00b7 This page<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">Economic Development<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">Maps, figures and feeds read the Index in the context of society, demography, health and Africa.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/developers\/\">Public API<\/a><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nx-grix-kpis\"><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">205<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">registered, each with its licence<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">451<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">NIS-1, 106 composites, 20 domain indices<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">905<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">NHS-1, crosswalked to UNDRR-ISC HIPs<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Series<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">54<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">global, sector, strategic, technology, thematic<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Country profiles<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">195<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">one site per country<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-grid\"><div class=\"nx-grix-col\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Series in this context <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">society, demography, health<\/span><\/h3><ol class=\"nx-grix-ledger\"><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">GS<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/gs-06\/\">Global Development<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">Poverty, inequality, human development, demographic pressure and displacement as the ground on which shocks become losses.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000064<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Society \u00b7 Demography \u00b7 Health<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">GLB<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/global\/\">Global Systems<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">The state of interdependent <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 global-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Nexus risk class: a risk whose hazard, consequences or causal chain crosses national borders and acts at continental or planetary scale, so that no single country can assess or manage it alone.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">global risk<\/a>: the twenty domain indices aggregated to the world, the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> (water, energy, food, health, biodiversity) and their couplings, the global tail register and the gap\u2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000002<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Society \u00b7 Health \u00b7 Demography<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">GS<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/gs-04\/\">Global Health<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">Health security capacity, epidemic emergence and spread, heat and air-quality burden, health system stress and access.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000062<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Health \u00b7 Society \u00b7 Demography<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">SR<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/sr-02\/\">Conflict, fragility and human security<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">Conflict risk and escalation, fragility, organised violence, civilian harm and the conflict\u2013climate\u2013food\u2013displacement nexus.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000075<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Governance \u00b7 Demography \u00b7 Society<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-grix-foot\" data-nav=\"inline\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/\">All 54 series<\/a> \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/indices\/\">The 20 domain indices<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-col nx-grix-side\"><div class=\"nx-grix-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Country profiles <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">Africa<\/span><\/h3><div class=\"nx-grix-chips\"><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/ago\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">AGO<\/span>Angola<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/bdi\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">BDI<\/span>Burundi<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/ben\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">BEN<\/span>Benin<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/bfa\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">BFA<\/span>Burkina Faso<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/bwa\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">BWA<\/span>Botswana<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/caf\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">CAF<\/span>Central African Republic<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/civ\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">CIV<\/span>C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/cmr\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">CMR<\/span>Cameroon<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/cod\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">COD<\/span>Democratic Republic of the Congo<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/cog\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">COG<\/span>Congo<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/com\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">COM<\/span>Comoros<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/cpv\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">CPV<\/span>Cabo Verde<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/dji\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">DJI<\/span>Djibouti<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/dza\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">DZA<\/span>Algeria<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/egy\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">EGY<\/span>Egypt<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/eri\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">ERI<\/span>Eritrea<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/eth\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">ETH<\/span>Ethiopia<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/gab\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">GAB<\/span>Gabon<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/gha\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">GHA<\/span>Ghana<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/gin\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">GIN<\/span>Guinea<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/gmb\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">GMB<\/span>Gambia<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/gnb\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">GNB<\/span>Guinea-Bissau<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/gnq\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">GNQ<\/span>Equatorial Guinea<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/ken\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">KEN<\/span>Kenya<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/lbr\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">LBR<\/span>Liberia<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/lby\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">LBY<\/span>Libya<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/lso\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">LSO<\/span>Lesotho<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/mar\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">MAR<\/span>Morocco<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/mdg\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">MDG<\/span>Madagascar<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/mli\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">MLI<\/span>Mali<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/moz\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">MOZ<\/span>Mozambique<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/mrt\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">MRT<\/span>Mauritania<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/mus\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">MUS<\/span>Mauritius<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/mwi\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">MWI<\/span>Malawi<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/nam\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">NAM<\/span>Namibia<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/ner\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">NER<\/span>Niger<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/countries\/\">+ 18 more, all country profiles<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nx-grix-foot\">Every country profile carries the source and licence of each value. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/contribute\/\">Correct a value or reply<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Hazard domains <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">NHS-1<\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"nx-grix-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/health\/\">Health and biosecurity<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000143<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/soc\/\">Society, conflict and economy<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000147<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Geodata and API <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">open<\/span><\/h3><p class=\"nx-grix-m\">Open layers on an equal-area hexagon grid, shown as densities per km\u00b2 or as symbols: <span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">People \u00b7 GHSL 2025<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">People \u00b7 WorldPop 2025<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Built-up area<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Ports<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Airports<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Roads<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Railways<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Rivers and lake centrelines<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-grix-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/observatory\/\">Risk Observatory map<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">open<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-grix-m\"><code class=\"nx-grix-code\">\/api\/v1\/public\/grix<\/code> \u00b7 <code class=\"nx-grix-code\">https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/{uni}<\/code><br><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/developers\/\">Developers<\/a> \u00b7 Data \u00b7 Made with Natural Earth, Public domain; GHSL and WorldPop, CC BY 4.0<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-grix-note\">Snapshot of the Index registries pinned 2026-10-23 \u00b7 22c6eed. Research and risk-analytics information: not a rating, an official classification, a warning, a benchmark or advice.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-economic-development-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-economic-development-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-economic-development-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/the-nexus-cycle\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> The cycle<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/finance-economics\/economic-development\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Economic development and macroeconomic shocks<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/humanitarian\/humanitarian-sector-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Humanitarian and civil society<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><nav class=\"nx-deeper nx-hubs\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-economic-development-hubs-h\" data-nx-hubs=\"4\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-economic-development-hubs-h\">The same subject across the Consortium<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/development-finance-nexus\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Finance:<\/span> Development Finance Nexus<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/humanitarian\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Humanitarian Action and Development<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/finance-economics\/development-finance\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Learn:<\/span> Development finance<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/gs-06\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Index:<\/span> Global Development series<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-25\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Economic Development<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-25\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring a method, a dataset or a question.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/write-to-us\/research-collaboration\/\">Propose a method <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-legal-26\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Legal<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-legal-26\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Legal documents.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Legal documents\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/terms\/\">Platform Terms of Use <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/privacy\/\">Platform Privacy Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/cookies\/\">Platform Cookie and Storage Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/legal-notice\/\">Legal Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/acceptable-use\/\">Acceptable Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/participation-terms\/\">Participation and Events Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/contribution-terms\/\">Contribution Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/research-and-data-terms\/\">Research and Data Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/ai-use\/\">AI-use Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/intellectual-property\/\">Intellectual Property and Licensing <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/trademark-policy\/\">Trademark and Name Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/disclaimer\/\">Disclaimers and Data Notices <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/corrections\/\">Corrections and Right of Reply Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/complaints-and-integrity\/\">Complaints and integrity reporting <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/security\/\">Security and responsible disclosure <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/code-of-conduct\/\">Code of Conduct <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/trust\/accessibility\/\">Accessibility Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/third-party-notices\/\">Third-party notices and attributions <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Maps, data and figures on this site are shown for context and general information. They are not advice, forecasts or warnings; the limits of the information are set out in the Disclaimers and Data Notices.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/#faq\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/#webpage\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who publishes Economic Development?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) publishes Economic Development and is responsible for what it publishes. GCRI is a research, development and policy institution. 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