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F5\/s9XCNR1uN\/AxTKs3WvWkdlU7cCiV5Zv5L+e+Iz8kNRstXuIBMKEoNJuW9iBEaiBD7GUrJUA8K54DZlvngEyrwjEkdxY4yR02YTXK5RtRVWEND6RpPmTI+ZAi50O\/cgcSQq4Bw6BQKsFvYE+WbGhpDJOInEljC5g7DH0mjmkzwx5b0QnTmsAs0b9QQYMnwLRFrUoOPbPsfIPzwCkoA6uJ7T8lig+dB0LIiZjRQ3YWOEmJn8WbklDLKd42uTG6\/2PkqThEnuDVQjspPSXyIyCIZ6WHPcxpkjF0PaaaB2cpqGcvpG0b3Gv212tvY2leAhYhsyjMeAgniT1C0rUaJms1Klur4UvWaoRXY8GoRwJNRgXuxaxB4k23GhVQO\/2mo2Z64Omq550LDa\/ghTvUDo\/HqZqTm3mYEQyHMWUfuLY43brM4MYVY+L6QrFEkDAdzsg477r3V6bf\/otKLrzB+gkMQEXuPULGOfR2h9oYUHkXn8YrgJTrT7OdwqmE2hinE2MgElIEgK\/XmxOSKk1P9GSWYi44bewjaZof1cY+isY+po3Neh+Fg+k5FQ1GcBTWtG3V23r9W7OJfzZ+40t4ctwEXUYRimJMrq+d6OnwzmlxfLiOwLjM+72Vp\/tnz6CKsOsOtdvOXjfZ6F31YHuht9408zqVz7JKuvq3QkN5oXEL0bPG+qcXGOtnmWAJqHGyR8gsAfqJRIdZ72TbXP8EopEd+L5QOnzO9GVFA33rMLXQZz9BP\/eUmuEZTpV0clYR\/T6lMTvx3QmnKBeRNcmUgKVftc9S\/fAZdFOZjy0\/06ePyaEj2nE+Gnvq0cgiTdM6ihKoWACVqGf1K07+Yw+p3VMtwitfS4\/2BduSEAYjw6aex0VvU8iDzIiCeZyOYUGa5uIoTMawkCsT9hZ9XjXueX28yj2Wcdox6PY916d8iLmjnyUq5g6A8l1v\/GxjUWUBaAGVSzph4AJKBTMaKdtEIi+AqsCyoi2WxRyFUYGCSrOwEDO2e+Myuev\/f9CTnJdHLTim+EJZ\/FhpPXfcGcLmY4VujblhJhoVC3H7IFhrAg\/KQQFJHzmhmOYs348KaWF8UzzmD9WofBC2FTnQCY0mUp3lk14PibEJv169VFnGbIT7elqSQTGlQ+WTU9WCg3A\/4\/GUNE2aHbhp4mbi92i\/1+orXKmgdCt6P4aWDzZHxfGWN9HsmzlFG5ENm485QEZiRa3n2rdUx1450yGSW\/6Zunl9h1YOnUd51K1XfI+EEOVE1pChDqp9XZz+u8af9Jrr1+gipBGrgUstnaM2kqsbVo5tgLAZ5gZW3m8M3ipVX+qo9nV62Prt36iN3tPFNK51meU7VuTEyQfTysHbw4UXIS6siKVgvmDLgmhOK5XkgvCxnd+HXP4YssaC\/4GdP6w\/SpHgL65hXwhNe+NXvBqS5CFXpPGrNO6Npcq9sQANfP1XaC55l7YqBI16683xtiCDV9AIWAJ5C418ncavm0cp1sBgMynrV30o5BYz+c6CkIyEKJOxKW4t1YXrGFjQ\/84Y+mMFp+OEASCfw4iylYieWQmL+I2Ij7veeiU3CG1EHFCtN5zkFgAfZYDPKhcg33pVCRKrBCReASR\/a0AhFXqafbqiOR+UMlSXWirhOytgUL5LPTqjnnSyxUYcei7T0BolgNky0IlK3ONKrXLwNa4fZEIL2D69IyshlV5yGAqJxWUD0U1DOoL1mqA4lHanBXk\/nQxopIVAU9OdssunJDn4gzsJlb4kcgd1xip6GCxyJxpu0+RcO6yjdg3Vtai36K\/XiAOjhuoLnBx2kbIiNznzTGYOLeg\/mBv29VovBVS5SbTGXR5AX1t21OHsNI13o17b12Ea7dLV4IU30lvDr9L99pTlls42ihMSH81Wd1fC\/Ua0\/ZNUkFWLHLBL\/6kJGVTu0ISEoa1CTThw+HuE\/IRXPxHfZFTzE0vLRo5LTB\/WKHXdlVNUaAmlGuUIoUPfQAY+p7++YBFM8YxApRyoZM9\/a1U1tzWWwuWKpdq72LZC0OwpTVW0tS1A\/i\/hm0LVVLR09CUtZ0iP8u5tCtgTx7YqIsyXpQqzdUmaJc09ONQjybfwLlAFU4b0vxWh06e7bS0AIY+OqO\/UjmsgB8kd09drFZ9YQmhouQlp6FLPkVstERvX62zXSbjkvdgsLaGDLyPsY0IrT5KS\/OS1VEfjEh1V5isAhsCp5wG718bbiqqd9D\/VsC\/qqIHqEch\/De7uArosaKxEwHfcSeZnyU\/QvGQ504fCyuER9FfdTCTvpjawbqkGyQOiyj+WmKfCiMYxWKcSEHSkKwmvUAYFLt\/KQhHGqTVrkw1QMEI\/xwj97eOxPEkNpoxBEIrJi6TmsKZZUiU\/Zl6gjJEgvGVr42WfV94u8CrUFgVTyaay+jatW\/C1WGSWCkYjtF6nL2oIrxbbJoqSTlWTaZi2Wz5dgdGwK8q+0yiyXL8RDIdiX45xpbtIrmziWVIWD6CUy\/yFczvOz+04jqDDfuX4\/e2Nkl\/scXFJE2lFyvqLCmw1owxbCSGjDvdoleLWCIxD5ZqSxFJpiSLpUtzlKKoiZ5mJLMK9tLWD3len3\/vq6Eb\/54OC5JHwBjj9CpFTjifKIkZ0ES4iaqYOpRbOteERLUoESwPhXqsv6JOEvJA+o8wbREdgxpFW5gXxpU2mqVNRJhE9kw\/ydT3RxCUiZp56j7QLAZFbcmGw4MJdUH6CBDEXr27JbTarr6dah2hfndUvG1zXOntfHYxhonrmRHKbwboLDcMRkCT0eUgupCo4VR+3dO2iMcQHoHLmw\/tMWg3+NQzmWqtxq\/8COiP1wLSojzTr58+4PoYx3h61AKhl6s2u3AP56j6gXkVxHrxa7usm2FMYBTaNY9cfSR77GLqx+MUiy6biJ+ei4ueEssi1RWUbgnX76XvwFxJO\/Z0dmmnVwS2iL1BQs0xBXeaGx0+rPX9bP51TBQlHPSk5maVExM1iDWAWpcSLzxgIxB14U28iqoSsUe6OzMYRjceB57SNw9dKFNoSHN2W7MhNR7\/kHqERTXXgLust2VYw2glUPFErnojoKtY7Yf1nJqKooU+fkb3yxj9JPp7xdRHU4iX2Vu4Ss9vPFCeKVWFwW4GE04Z6ukSNtrWpcpUR1Cc9hITE7zX7UtH+PnCoalJ+EuOekSe1ADfoC9dioV+YyTMJfwJDvvh4ndMjNHX1ff2p0n2bKydmuz8fvlLXawwDdYfaEyEkdVXbeOSJb7EnvArVETVTdjcjTXOWGaxnqbF+Bshiy2CGJ7zibwDIZYxOcv9sR6j1q8K8i3UWWtpHwr3TPrcYfq7bQn\/VIfJJeTUfjXSw\/zOjG0+kaT5lMHlKYfKkwuRPvBprfypWLAHOdLEhRENv4vrhK\/1EJONJ3e8UJV09751\/TF4WMXC409tCmES5w0UCkx2BAtz16ojM8OokVyc1sV13Ph5tj\/xn401CnAv1NmPtRHq8y2OKwhQFCR7BaYXbHHZa6JSje9oUnN03mxET+767w2FXQAzp3WLYx\/NG2C5+UXjzRTVD6qrEvdfUW32FvN+SpnmbLdotLNpFStlp7zZbuJJTat7nfL1WywuSJwd+x2eTH\/JnPuT8F4Di54yxlPTJz69MoYB405VRDRYtFRiYNfBoqtCaWCxyF+rJ9hwY1Tk7slIonHNGdU81i\/bOgbPx8+IucaTEL9WDZj121E35n8ekb2qX9TwmvFPlTxGZ9pLxg2NanDC6CyGHQBQI30FX3VsppeNUJm01FYcoGNMDOwqyXcqSbXrGSEB7D6xfNoRICk5cc6POMoYWY3Z0ls4yTlt0KTljvZiVnoBFU0JkcWnHpUcXacCMrKUqsKXzIa0Mf9gRoZeM9RHG+siOvHT2j3ysp1TzaO8xWYYpI8gH845BJwPqgPfvhKKMctxmsRjlAczJmGhjHIDfs+6r8ogwBbKcKVCa9Xu0r2R8Wa\/hRWp9L90KQvTwpeQBvgvtSPcXlIsc2yHwMZelcpH4W8S95JTKAaCzxGHUB79oPhUwveofYEbw+OkHI3TtwAuiRmxD8+2aY0WPONEDcicfRkRAVAb6KR9\/4lgGigBeoPOp8ymJ6u0gaAi1kcedL9O\/SiDbd+45fQ0WHy6UMSxalBbiqYyurAKRWRVMIuHk48oSE2FyFnI6zx4ymDrOcoGSEVAl2EYIDxoP4eRz6oi5iFba\/J34jXP1LMfJVcrKtdUG5GGhZGsO5ECFY3\/pXJIiMFk15BtigYSWIh0Azn0sjFPOv8HHKOCHTc7tq2pJqJRVVF1n+BJzdJerCrt2pzkeLOawqXbuAGkP42Vht1UQI16+wYLRyKO1VDO3wy2He+XsVCxCgZK1EgsFrvlbih2O5vm0G8+5lQPVa8vJrhzKLNdri5RRbLNJHca9ZP\/\/IU4u0MUfRHGk9LosiKwRR64rRifaNKUdDK9ELRAO\/oAdIPZnh\/8WGMt\/ilBONY7yj+ycdFkepa2CXXLIq1zyp3v+qTsO5r7wVkx113tXDK+KruAyaFg4g++i9ZKSzV0gQZFeM2xv0Nh6KVFWvOErp9eM0JVIDM\/yG8I5S03i9AdOlVEAng9L8L2JQ88C52Ofp0lA7iQMImbxQ4VgZA6tzLDBV5qLbTRK2OU4TdWRQuWy46RM+TLnoHP5o2MyL9Nl37vs7F2xzp5D83GyPK1WRQD+mEZB7ZhrbKTjMWhtIF1CmVhqU5\/u\/tpwwV+2skxkTXiXoJOoKEOLg+HRywyvblhZriY1LZO+f+S4sxonasK\/RkXcGrdPo1EUTENU42TAswaQnuQkDKkVWb5Na8FQBA2F1oii4yNBY2qAtSQxBdRSApFssppKU4gkFMfX8O3o64Go9nxbfJOWN\/XWih5\/oCW+x8tb6vL0NkpbXw8cd3a8D3h0w57f\/Pzwcdm5YhXomy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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n2r9w59v.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"gcri\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> \u00b7 Economic Development<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Impact evaluation<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Causal inference and impact evaluation ask whether a policy or programme changed outcomes compared with what would otherwise have happened. In this field they evaluate development programmes, place-based policies and reforms, stating the assumptions behind each estimate.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/write-to-us\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/stem\/\">Back to STEM foundation of Economic Development<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Register<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Impact evaluation on the record.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"workbench\"><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Method record<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">STEM method<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Method<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Causal inference and impact evaluation<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Steward<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Economic Development<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Applied in<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Economic Development<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Data<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"#nx-sec-data\">3 inputs<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Checks<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"#nx-sec-checks\">3 validation steps<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Canonical page<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/causal-inference\/\">STEM Commons<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-application\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Application<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What causal inference and impact evaluation does here.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Causal inference and impact evaluation develop methods to determine whether and how interventions or exposures cause outcomes. They separate genuine effects from correlation. In economic development and development finance, causal inference shows which <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk reduction<\/a> measures actually work. It supports allocating resources toward interventions with demonstrated effect across connected risks. The canonical description is on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/causal-inference\/\">the STEM Commons<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cols\"><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"6\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Randomised evaluations<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Programmes such as cash transfers or business training are evaluated by randomly assigning participation and comparing outcomes, with pre-registered analysis plans.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M14.106 5.553a2 2 0 0 0 1.788 0l3.659-1.83A1 1 0 0 1 21 4.619v12.764a1 1 0 0 1-.553.894l-4.553 2.277a2 2 0 0 1-1.788 0l-4.212-2.106a2 2 0 0 0-1.788 0l-3.659 1.83A1 1 0 0 1 3 19.381V6.618a1 1 0 0 1 .553-.894l4.553-2.277a2 2 0 0 1 1.788 0z\"\/><path d=\"M15 5.76v15\"\/><path d=\"M9 3.24v15\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Evaluating place-based policies<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Difference-in-differences and synthetic control methods compare regions that received investment with similar regions that did not.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 3v18h18\"\/><path d=\"m19 9-5 5-4-4-3 3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Regression discontinuity<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Programmes with eligibility thresholds are evaluated by comparing those just above and below the cutoff.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-3-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Monitor<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Impact evaluation.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The screen a team would use to follow this method: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-economy-method-causal\" data-cx=\"economy.method-causal\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Impact evaluation: illustrative console with example names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Impact evaluation<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">Economic development \u00b7 Impact evaluation \u00b7 Run R-3759<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure&#8217;s values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"info\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Parallel trends hold<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GCRI \u00b7 Economic Development<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"4\" data-t=\"chart\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Event study<\/h4><\/div><\/div><svg class=\"nx-fk-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 460 210\" width=\"460\" height=\"210\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Event study\" focusable=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" data-fk-chart=\"cx-economy-method-causal-c0\" data-fk-xs=\"lin,0,23,36,446\" data-fk-ys=\"lin,0,100,180,20\" data-fk-series=\"Treated minus control|ink|l||0:37.5;1:41.8;2:44.3;3:40.2;4:35.9;5:40.8;6:42.5;7:40.7;8:36.9;9:35.8;10:41.2;11:35.9;12:40.6;13:43.9;14:38.6;15:36.5;16:35.7;17:31.1;18:35.1;19:33.8;20:36.3;21:37.8;22:37.4;23:39.9~Placebo|acc|l||0:44.1;1:45.6;2:45.8;3:47.9;4:46.6;5:44.9;6:45.9;7:48.5;8:45.8;9:47.7;10:49.6;11:46.5;12:44.1;13:46.4;14:47.5;15:44.9;16:43;17:45.3;18:42.2;19:45.7;20:49;21:45.7;22:41.8;23:39.2\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"2\" data-t=\"kv\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Method card<\/h4><\/div><\/div><dl class=\"nx-fk-dl\"><div><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>Causal inference and impact evaluation<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Design<\/dt><dd>difference in differences<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Units<\/dt><dd>103<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Label<\/dt><dd><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"info\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>MODELLED<\/span><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Robustness checks<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-economy-method-causal-t2\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-economy-method-causal-t2\" aria-label=\"Robustness checks\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Check<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Estimate<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">Holds<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-economy-method-causal:r2-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Main specification<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.16\">0.16<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Yes<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-economy-method-causal:r2-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Drop early adopters<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.19\">0.19<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Yes<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-economy-method-causal:r2-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Synthetic control<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.03\">0.03<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Yes<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Impact evaluation: the screen&#8217;s structure, terms and states for Economic development.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-data\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What the method consumes.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Datasets and records used by causal inference and impact evaluation on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/research\/sources\/\">the source register<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Data<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Programme administrative data<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Treatment and outcomes<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Household and firm surveys<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Outcomes<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Regional statistics<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Comparison units<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"data\" data-nxf-kind=\"data\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G-P15\/stem\/causal-inference\/#data\" data-nxf-title=\"Method record\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G-P15\/stem\/causal-inference\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and evidence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How impact evaluation is modelled, measured and tested.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"science\" data-au-n=\"1\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"sensitivity\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Sensitivity analysis<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">Which inputs move the result for impact evaluation most, one at a time across their stated ranges.<\/p><div class=\"nx-au-fig\"><svg class=\"nx-au-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 560 232\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Tornado chart of the result's sensitivity to six inputs\" focusable=\"false\"><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"300\" y1=\"10\" x2=\"300\" y2=\"208\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"89.6\" y=\"32\" text-anchor=\"end\">Hazard intensity<\/text><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"178.6\" y=\"20\" width=\"121.4\" height=\"18\"\/><rect class=\"nx-au-bar nx-au-bar-ac\" x=\"300\" y=\"20\" width=\"92.4\" height=\"18\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"129.2\" y=\"64\" text-anchor=\"end\">Exposure value<\/text><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"202.3\" y=\"52\" width=\"97.7\" height=\"18\"\/><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"300\" y=\"52\" width=\"81.8\" height=\"18\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"146.8\" y=\"96\" text-anchor=\"end\">Vulnerability curve<\/text><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"212.9\" y=\"84\" width=\"87.1\" height=\"18\"\/><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"300\" y=\"84\" width=\"72.6\" height=\"18\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"186.4\" y=\"128\" text-anchor=\"end\">Coupling strength<\/text><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"236.6\" y=\"116\" width=\"63.4\" height=\"18\"\/><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"300\" y=\"116\" width=\"68.6\" height=\"18\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"215\" y=\"160\" text-anchor=\"end\">Adaptive capacity<\/text><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"253.8\" y=\"148\" width=\"46.2\" height=\"18\"\/><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"300\" y=\"148\" width=\"52.8\" height=\"18\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"243.6\" y=\"192\" text-anchor=\"end\">Data resolution<\/text><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"271.0\" y=\"180\" width=\"29.0\" height=\"18\"\/><rect class=\"nx-au-bar\" x=\"300\" y=\"180\" width=\"23.8\" height=\"18\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"230\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">input at its low value<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"370\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">input at its high value<\/text><\/svg><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Illustrative one-at-a-time sensitivity; a full analysis adds variance-based (Sobol) indices. Not results.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">FAIR guiding principles \u00b7 GO FAIR and FORCE11<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">W3C PROV \u00b7 World Wide Web Consortium<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Guidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties \u00b7 IPCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">CEOS Analysis Ready Data \u00b7 Committee on Earth Observation Satellites<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-checks\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Validation<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How results are checked.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Identification assumptions are probed through placebo tests, falsification checks and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 sensitivity-analysis\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Testing how much a model's outputs change when inputs or assumptions change, to identify which drive results.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">sensitivity analysis<\/a>. Replication across settings tests external validity.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Check<\/th><th scope=\"col\">How it is done<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Balance and pre-trends<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Treatment and comparison groups are checked for balance and parallel pre-trends<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Pre-registration<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Analysis plans are registered before outcomes are seen<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">External validity<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Results are compared across contexts before generalising<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Unobserved confounding and spillovers can bias estimates. Effects found in one context may not transfer to another.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-7-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Process<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How the process runs.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-pe\" id=\"nx-pe-prisma\" data-nx-pe=\"nx-pe-prisma\" data-active=\"prisma\"><div class=\"nx-pe-shell\"><p class=\"nx-pe-eb\">Process<\/p><h2 class=\"nx-pe-title\">Impact evaluation: PRISMA 2020 review reporting<\/h2><p class=\"nx-pe-cap\">PRISMA 2020 is a reporting guideline for systematic reviews; the steps follow its checklist, not a mandated sequence, and no Nexus document adopts it.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pe-steps\"><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">01 Plan<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Registration and protocol<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 The review team<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The guideline asks for registration details, access to the protocol and any amendments.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Eligibility criteria<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 The review team<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The guideline asks for the inclusion and exclusion criteria and how studies were grouped.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">02 Find and select<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Search: sources and strategies<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 The review team<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The guideline asks for the information sources and the full search strategies. It does not fix which sources are used.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Selection of studies<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 The review team<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The guideline asks how studies were judged eligible, including how many reviewers screened. It does not fix the number of reviewers.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Flow diagram<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The flow diagram shows the number of records found, the number of studies included and the reasons for exclusion.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">03 Analyse<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Data collection<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 The review team<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The guideline asks how data were collected from reports and which data items were sought.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Risk of bias<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 The review team<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The guideline asks for the methods and tools used to assess risk of bias.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Synthesis<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Model \u00b7 The review team<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The guideline asks for the effect measures and the synthesis methods. It does not prescribe meta-analysis.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Certainty of evidence<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 The review team<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The guideline asks for the methods used to assess certainty, and reports the result per outcome. It does not name a grading scale.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">04 Report<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Review report<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The guideline helps authors report why the review was done, what they did and what they found.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-pe-foot\"><span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\" rel=\"noopener\">Reports<\/a><\/span><span>Outline of an externally published reporting guideline, not a Nexus process and not a record of operation. PRISMA 2020 mainly covers reviews of intervention effects. No Nexus page names it. Every programme is at service level R0.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-connections\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connections<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Topics that rely on this method.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/topics\/inclusive-productivity\/\"><span>Inclusive productivity<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/topics\/industrial-policy-and-upgrading\/\"><span>Industrial policy and upgrading<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/topics\/regional-economic-development\/\"><span>Regional economic development<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/topics\/digital-economy-and-inclusion\/\"><span>Digital economy and inclusion<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/topics\/food-energy-water-economics\/\"><span>Food energy water economics<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/topics\/employment-and-technology\/\"><span>Employment and technology<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-stewardship\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Stewardship<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who maintains the method.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Economic Development stewards causal inference and impact evaluation for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/causal-inference\/\">Canonical page: Causal inference and impact evaluation<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-10-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>What are the limits of causal inference and impact evaluation in this field?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Unobserved confounding and spillovers can bias estimates. Effects found in one context may not transfer to another.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How are results checked?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Identification assumptions are probed through placebo tests, falsification checks and sensitivity analysis. Replication across settings tests external validity.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Are the values on this page real?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. The canvas shows a design of the method&#8217;s use, not a run; no result is reported here.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Where else is this method applied?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/causal-inference\/\">canonical method page<\/a> lists every platform that applies it.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"finance\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Economic Development<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Systems Risk and Resilience<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/economic-development\/stem\/causal-inference#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-lobal-economic-development-stem-causal-inference-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-lobal-economic-development-stem-causal-inference-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-lobal-economic-development-stem-causal-inference-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/urban-flood\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Urban flood<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/finance-economics\/economic-development\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Economic development and macroeconomic shocks<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/humanitarian\/humanitarian-sector-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Humanitarian and civil society<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Economic Development<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring a method, a dataset or a question.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/write-to-us\/research-collaboration\/\">Propose a method <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-legal-12\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Legal<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-legal-12\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Legal documents.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Legal documents\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/terms\/\">Platform Terms of Use <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/privacy\/\">Platform Privacy Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/cookies\/\">Platform Cookie and Storage Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/legal-notice\/\">Legal Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/acceptable-use\/\">Acceptable Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/participation-terms\/\">Participation and Events Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/contribution-terms\/\">Contribution Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/research-and-data-terms\/\">Research and Data Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/ai-use\/\">AI-use Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/intellectual-property\/\">Intellectual Property and Licensing <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/trademark-policy\/\">Trademark and Name Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/disclaimer\/\">Disclaimers and Data Notices <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/corrections\/\">Corrections and Right of Reply Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/complaints-and-integrity\/\">Complaints and integrity reporting <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/security\/\">Security and responsible disclosure <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/code-of-conduct\/\">Code of Conduct <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/trust\/accessibility\/\">Accessibility Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/third-party-notices\/\">Third-party notices and attributions <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Maps, data and figures on this site are shown for context and general information. 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