{"id":175,"date":"2026-10-13T11:08:13","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T11:08:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/?page_id=175"},"modified":"2026-10-13T17:02:47","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T17:02:47","slug":"optimization","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/stem\/optimization\/","title":{"rendered":"Optimization for energy systems"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- Nexus network page \u00b7 https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/stem\/optimization\/ \u00b7 source template \u00b7 generated by integrations\/wordpress\/network\/build.mjs, never edit this file --><script type=\"text\/x-nexus\" class=\"_iub_cs_skip\" id=\"nxe-fig-engine\" 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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n1xb2iv9.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-hero\" data-layout=\"console\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-title-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-theme-toggle\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Appearance of this page\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"light\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Light<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"dark\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Dark<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"auto\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Auto<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-folio\" aria-label=\"Document reference\"><strong>G03 \u00b7 METHOD \u00b7 optimization<\/strong>GCRI dossier \u00b7 service level R0<\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-grid\"><div class=\"nx-hero-text\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Energy Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Established<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-accent-row\"><span class=\"nx-accent-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span>Method page \u00b7 Optimization and operations research<\/span><\/div><h1 id=\"nx-title-1\" class=\"nx-hero-title\">Optimization for energy systems<\/h1><p class=\"nx-tagline\">Optimization and operations research decide how energy systems are built and run at least cost within physical and policy limits: which plants to build, how to dispatch them, how much storage and transmission to add, and in what order to restore service after a failure.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/stem\/\">Back to STEM foundation of Energy Nexus<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Method record<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">optimization<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Method<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Optimization and operations research<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Steward<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/systems-modelling\/\">Systems Science and Modelling<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Applied in<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Energy Nexus<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Data<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"#nx-sec-data\">4 inputs<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Checks<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"#nx-sec-checks\">3 validation steps<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Canonical page<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/optimization\/\">STEM Commons<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-register-foot\">GCRI \u00b7 Established \u00b7 service level R0<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section> <nav class=\"nx-index-strip\" data-nx-spy=\"true\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><a href=\"#nx-sec-brief-answer\"><span>01<\/span>The short answer<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-application\"><span>02<\/span>What optimization and operations\u2026<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-terms\"><span>03<\/span>Terms used on this page<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-field\"><span>04<\/span>Energy demand and corridors in South\u2026<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-canvas\"><span>05<\/span>The method as a run graph<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-data\"><span>06<\/span>What the method consumes<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-checks\"><span>07<\/span>How results are checked<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-connections\"><span>08<\/span>Topics that rely on this method<\/a><\/div><\/nav> <section id=\"nx-sec-brief-answer\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"energy\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">In brief<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The short answer.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Energy system optimization is the use of mathematical programming to decide how energy systems are built and run at least cost within physical and policy limits: which plants to build, how to dispatch them, how much storage and transmission to add, and in what order to restore service after a failure.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-application\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Application<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What optimization and operations research does here.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Optimization and operations research develop mathematical methods for allocating resources and making decisions under constraints. They support planning and logistics in complex, interconnected systems. In energy, critical infrastructure and climate and hazards, optimization supports prepositioning of supplies, network investment and recovery sequencing. Robust formulations help choose options that perform acceptably across many scenarios. The canonical description is on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/optimization\/\">the STEM Commons<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cols\"><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m12.83 2.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 6.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.83l8.58 3.91a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0l8.58-3.9a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.83Z\"\/><path d=\"m22 17.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 17.65\"\/><path d=\"m22 12.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 12.65\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Capacity expansion planning<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">A model chooses generation, storage and transmission investments over decades to meet demand across many weather years, with reliability and emissions constraints stated.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 12h-2.48a2 2 0 0 0-1.93 1.46l-2.35 8.36a.25.25 0 0 1-.48 0L9.24 2.18a.25.25 0 0 0-.48 0l-2.35 8.36A2 2 0 0 1 4.49 12H2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Unit commitment and dispatch<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Hourly scheduling of plants and storage against forecast demand and renewable output shows operating costs, reserve margins and curtailment under each scenario.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M9 19h8.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 0 0-7h-11a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 0-7H15\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Restoration sequencing<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Crews, spare parts and switching operations are scheduled so that critical loads are restored first, subject to road access and network constraints.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-terms\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Key terms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Terms used on this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Capacity expansion model<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">An optimization model that chooses which generation, storage and network capacity to build over a planning horizon.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Unit commitment<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">Deciding which generating units to switch on and when, ahead of real time, to meet forecast demand at least cost.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Economic dispatch<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">Setting the output of committed units to meet demand at least cost within their limits.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"energy\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Energy demand and corridors in South Africa.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Where demand concentrates in cities and the rail, road and port corridors that move fuel and equipment, shown for South Africa as an example geography for this subject.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-map nx-cmap\" data-nx-map=\"ctx\" data-cmap=\"south-africa:energy\" data-ramp=\"orange\" data-basis=\"case\" data-focus=\"0 0 2000 1400|331 90 1711 1293|1206 699 1408 895|1534 439 1647 593\"><figure class=\"nx-fk\" data-fk=\"map-south-africa-energy\" data-ramp=\"orange\" 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\"><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Where demand concentrates in cities and the rail, road and port corridors that move fuel and equipment.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Indicator derived from Natural Earth at map scale; a screening view, not an assessment.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G03\/stem\/optimization\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Energy Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-map-hud\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 Energy Nexus \u00b7 field<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-map-hud-right\">DESIGN FIGURE<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-canvas\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Canvas<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The method as a run graph.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Data from the source register feeds the methods; calibration and an independent test gate the estimate and its limits; the decision stays with the competent authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-plate\" data-wide=\"true\"><div class=\"nx-plate-label\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Method canvas<\/strong> \u00b7 Optimization and operations research as applied here<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Design, not a record<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-figure-frame\" data-scene=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-figure nx-ui nx-dag\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 564\" data-nx-dag=\"true\" data-w=\"1200\" data-h=\"564\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-dag-g03-stem-optimization-n1-t nx-dag-g03-stem-optimization-n1-d\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><title id=\"nx-dag-g03-stem-optimization-n1-t\">Optimization and operations research in Energy Nexus: N-1 security assessment<\/title><desc id=\"nx-dag-g03-stem-optimization-n1-d\">State estimation gives the operating point; every contingency on the list is simulated with an AC power flow; limit violations lead to remedial actions and a security-constrained dispatch that the operator approves. Design of the process, not a record of a run.<\/desc><\/svg><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-caption\"><strong>Fig. 01<\/strong><span>Nodes carry their type, metrics and state; connectors show what feeds what; the gates are the validation steps; the timeline is one application. Design of the method's use, not a record of a run.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-data\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What the method consumes.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Datasets and records used by optimization and operations research on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/research\/sources\/\">the source register<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"register\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Data<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Technology cost and performance assumptions<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Investment and operating costs<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Hourly demand and weather-driven generation series<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Operating conditions<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Network topology and transfer limits<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Transmission constraints<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OFFICIAL<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Policy targets and constraints<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Emissions and reliability limits<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">DECLARED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"data\" data-nxf-kind=\"data\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G03\/stem\/optimization\/#data\" data-nxf-title=\"Method record\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G03\/stem\/optimization\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-checks\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"energy\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Validation<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How results are checked.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Solutions are checked for feasibility, tested through simulation and compared with historical decisions. Sensitivity analysis examines how results change with parameters.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Check<\/th><th scope=\"col\">How it is done<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Operational feasibility<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Every plan is re-run in an hourly operational simulation to confirm it meets demand and reserve requirements<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Sensitivity and robustness<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Results are tested across cost, weather and demand assumptions; robust options are reported beside the least-cost plan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Open model comparison<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Results are compared with open energy system models used in published intercomparison studies<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Optimal solutions can be fragile when assumptions are wrong. Objectives may omit values that are hard to quantify.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-connections\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connections<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Topics that rely on this method.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/topics\/energy-security\/\"><span>Energy security<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/topics\/power-grids-and-interconnection\/\"><span>Power grids and interconnection<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/topics\/renewables-and-storage\/\"><span>Renewables and storage<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/topics\/heat-and-cooling\/\"><span>Heat and cooling<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/topics\/hydropower-and-water\/\"><span>Hydropower and water<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/topics\/industrial-energy-systems\/\"><span>Industrial energy systems<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/topics\/grid-disruption-and-recovery\/\"><span>Grid disruption and recovery<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-stewardship\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Stewardship<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who maintains the method.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/systems-modelling\/\">Systems Science and Modelling<\/a> stewards optimization and operations research for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/optimization\/\">Canonical page: Optimization and operations research<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-11-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"energy\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connected<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page leads across the Consortium.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/optimization\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Canonical method page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Optimization 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