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F5\/s9XCNR1uN\/AxTKs3WvWkdlU7cCiV5Zv5L+e+Iz8kNRstXuIBMKEoNJuW9iBEaiBD7GUrJUA8K54DZlvngEyrwjEkdxY4yR02YTXK5RtRVWEND6RpPmTI+ZAi50O\/cgcSQq4Bw6BQKsFvYE+WbGhpDJOInEljC5g7DH0mjmkzwx5b0QnTmsAs0b9QQYMnwLRFrUoOPbPsfIPzwCkoA6uJ7T8lig+dB0LIiZjRQ3YWOEmJn8WbklDLKd42uTG6\/2PkqThEnuDVQjspPSXyIyCIZ6WHPcxpkjF0PaaaB2cpqGcvpG0b3Gv212tvY2leAhYhsyjMeAgniT1C0rUaJms1Klur4UvWaoRXY8GoRwJNRgXuxaxB4k23GhVQO\/2mo2Z64Omq550LDa\/ghTvUDo\/HqZqTm3mYEQyHMWUfuLY43brM4MYVY+L6QrFEkDAdzsg477r3V6bf\/otKLrzB+gkMQEXuPULGOfR2h9oYUHkXn8YrgJTrT7OdwqmE2hinE2MgElIEgK\/XmxOSKk1P9GSWYi44bewjaZof1cY+isY+po3Neh+Fg+k5FQ1GcBTWtG3V23r9W7OJfzZ+40t4ctwEXUYRimJMrq+d6OnwzmlxfLiOwLjM+72Vp\/tnz6CKsOsOtdvOXjfZ6F31YHuht9408zqVz7JKuvq3QkN5oXEL0bPG+qcXGOtnmWAJqHGyR8gsAfqJRIdZ72TbXP8EopEd+L5QOnzO9GVFA33rMLXQZz9BP\/eUmuEZTpV0clYR\/T6lMTvx3QmnKBeRNcmUgKVftc9S\/fAZdFOZjy0\/06ePyaEj2nE+Gnvq0cgiTdM6ihKoWACVqGf1K07+Yw+p3VMtwitfS4\/2BduSEAYjw6aex0VvU8iDzIiCeZyOYUGa5uIoTMawkCsT9hZ9XjXueX28yj2Wcdox6PY916d8iLmjnyUq5g6A8l1v\/GxjUWUBaAGVSzph4AJKBTMaKdtEIi+AqsCyoi2WxRyFUYGCSrOwEDO2e+Myuev\/f9CTnJdHLTim+EJZ\/FhpPXfcGcLmY4VujblhJhoVC3H7IFhrAg\/KQQFJHzmhmOYs348KaWF8UzzmD9WofBC2FTnQCY0mUp3lk14PibEJv169VFnGbIT7elqSQTGlQ+WTU9WCg3A\/4\/GUNE2aHbhp4mbi92i\/1+orXKmgdCt6P4aWDzZHxfGWN9HsmzlFG5ENm485QEZiRa3n2rdUx1450yGSW\/6Zunl9h1YOnUd51K1XfI+EEOVE1pChDqp9XZz+u8af9Jrr1+gipBGrgUstnaM2kqsbVo5tgLAZ5gZW3m8M3ipVX+qo9nV62Prt36iN3tPFNK51meU7VuTEyQfTysHbw4UXIS6siKVgvmDLgmhOK5XkgvCxnd+HXP4YssaC\/4GdP6w\/SpHgL65hXwhNe+NXvBqS5CFXpPGrNO6Npcq9sQANfP1XaC55l7YqBI16683xtiCDV9AIWAJ5C418ncavm0cp1sBgMynrV30o5BYz+c6CkIyEKJOxKW4t1YXrGFjQ\/84Y+mMFp+OEASCfw4iylYieWQmL+I2Ij7veeiU3CG1EHFCtN5zkFgAfZYDPKhcg33pVCRKrBCReASR\/a0AhFXqafbqiOR+UMlSXWirhOytgUL5LPTqjnnSyxUYcei7T0BolgNky0IlK3ONKrXLwNa4fZEIL2D69IyshlV5yGAqJxWUD0U1DOoL1mqA4lHanBXk\/nQxopIVAU9OdssunJDn4gzsJlb4kcgd1xip6GCxyJxpu0+RcO6yjdg3Vtai36K\/XiAOjhuoLnBx2kbIiNznzTGYOLeg\/mBv29VovBVS5SbTGXR5AX1t21OHsNI13o17b12Ea7dLV4IU30lvDr9L99pTlls42ihMSH81Wd1fC\/Ua0\/ZNUkFWLHLBL\/6kJGVTu0ISEoa1CTThw+HuE\/IRXPxHfZFTzE0vLRo5LTB\/WKHXdlVNUaAmlGuUIoUPfQAY+p7++YBFM8YxApRyoZM9\/a1U1tzWWwuWKpdq72LZC0OwpTVW0tS1A\/i\/hm0LVVLR09CUtZ0iP8u5tCtgTx7YqIsyXpQqzdUmaJc09ONQjybfwLlAFU4b0vxWh06e7bS0AIY+OqO\/UjmsgB8kd09drFZ9YQmhouQlp6FLPkVstERvX62zXSbjkvdgsLaGDLyPsY0IrT5KS\/OS1VEfjEh1V5isAhsCp5wG718bbiqqd9D\/VsC\/qqIHqEch\/De7uArosaKxEwHfcSeZnyU\/QvGQ504fCyuER9FfdTCTvpjawbqkGyQOiyj+WmKfCiMYxWKcSEHSkKwmvUAYFLt\/KQhHGqTVrkw1QMEI\/xwj97eOxPEkNpoxBEIrJi6TmsKZZUiU\/Zl6gjJEgvGVr42WfV94u8CrUFgVTyaay+jatW\/C1WGSWCkYjtF6nL2oIrxbbJoqSTlWTaZi2Wz5dgdGwK8q+0yiyXL8RDIdiX45xpbtIrmziWVIWD6CUy\/yFczvOz+04jqDDfuX4\/e2Nkl\/scXFJE2lFyvqLCmw1owxbCSGjDvdoleLWCIxD5ZqSxFJpiSLpUtzlKKoiZ5mJLMK9tLWD3len3\/vq6Eb\/54OC5JHwBjj9CpFTjifKIkZ0ES4iaqYOpRbOteERLUoESwPhXqsv6JOEvJA+o8wbREdgxpFW5gXxpU2mqVNRJhE9kw\/ydT3RxCUiZp56j7QLAZFbcmGw4MJdUH6CBDEXr27JbTarr6dah2hfndUvG1zXOntfHYxhonrmRHKbwboLDcMRkCT0eUgupCo4VR+3dO2iMcQHoHLmw\/tMWg3+NQzmWqtxq\/8COiP1wLSojzTr58+4PoYx3h61AKhl6s2u3AP56j6gXkVxHrxa7usm2FMYBTaNY9cfSR77GLqx+MUiy6biJ+ei4ueEssi1RWUbgnX76XvwFxJO\/Z0dmmnVwS2iL1BQs0xBXeaGx0+rPX9bP51TBQlHPSk5maVExM1iDWAWpcSLzxgIxB14U28iqoSsUe6OzMYRjceB57SNw9dKFNoSHN2W7MhNR7\/kHqERTXXgLust2VYw2glUPFErnojoKtY7Yf1nJqKooU+fkb3yxj9JPp7xdRHU4iX2Vu4Ss9vPFCeKVWFwW4GE04Z6ukSNtrWpcpUR1Cc9hITE7zX7UtH+PnCoalJ+EuOekSe1ADfoC9dioV+YyTMJfwJDvvh4ndMjNHX1ff2p0n2bKydmuz8fvlLXawwDdYfaEyEkdVXbeOSJb7EnvArVETVTdjcjTXOWGaxnqbF+Bshiy2CGJ7zibwDIZYxOcv9sR6j1q8K8i3UWWtpHwr3TPrcYfq7bQn\/VIfJJeTUfjXSw\/zOjG0+kaT5lMHlKYfKkwuRPvBprfypWLAHOdLEhRENv4vrhK\/1EJONJ3e8UJV09751\/TF4WMXC409tCmES5w0UCkx2BAtz16ojM8OokVyc1sV13Ph5tj\/xn401CnAv1NmPtRHq8y2OKwhQFCR7BaYXbHHZa6JSje9oUnN03mxET+767w2FXQAzp3WLYx\/NG2C5+UXjzRTVD6qrEvdfUW32FvN+SpnmbLdotLNpFStlp7zZbuJJTat7nfL1WywuSJwd+x2eTH\/JnPuT8F4Di54yxlPTJz69MoYB405VRDRYtFRiYNfBoqtCaWCxyF+rJ9hwY1Tk7slIonHNGdU81i\/bOgbPx8+IucaTEL9WDZj121E35n8ekb2qX9TwmvFPlTxGZ9pLxg2NanDC6CyGHQBQI30FX3VsppeNUJm01FYcoGNMDOwqyXcqSbXrGSEB7D6xfNoRICk5cc6POMoYWY3Z0ls4yTlt0KTljvZiVnoBFU0JkcWnHpUcXacCMrKUqsKXzIa0Mf9gRoZeM9RHG+siOvHT2j3ysp1TzaO8xWYYpI8gH845BJwPqgPfvhKKMctxmsRjlAczJmGhjHIDfs+6r8ogwBbKcKVCa9Xu0r2R8Wa\/hRWp9L90KQvTwpeQBvgvtSPcXlIsc2yHwMZelcpH4W8S95JTKAaCzxGHUB79oPhUwveofYEbw+OkHI3TtwAuiRmxD8+2aY0WPONEDcicfRkRAVAb6KR9\/4lgGigBeoPOp8ymJ6u0gaAi1kcedL9O\/SiDbd+45fQ0WHy6UMSxalBbiqYyurAKRWRVMIuHk48oSE2FyFnI6zx4ymDrOcoGSEVAl2EYIDxoP4eRz6oi5iFba\/J34jXP1LMfJVcrKtdUG5GGhZGsO5ECFY3\/pXJIiMFk15BtigYSWIh0Azn0sjFPOv8HHKOCHTc7tq2pJqJRVVF1n+BJzdJerCrt2pzkeLOawqXbuAGkP42Vht1UQI16+wYLRyKO1VDO3wy2He+XsVCxCgZK1EgsFrvlbih2O5vm0G8+5lQPVa8vJrhzKLNdri5RRbLNJHca9ZP\/\/IU4u0MUfRHGk9LosiKwRR64rRifaNKUdDK9ELRAO\/oAdIPZnh\/8WGMt\/ilBONY7yj+ycdFkepa2CXXLIq1zyp3v+qTsO5r7wVkx113tXDK+KruAyaFg4g++i9ZKSzV0gQZFeM2xv0Nh6KVFWvOErp9eM0JVIDM\/yG8I5S03i9AdOlVEAng9L8L2JQ88C52Ofp0lA7iQMImbxQ4VgZA6tzLDBV5qLbTRK2OU4TdWRQuWy46RM+TLnoHP5o2MyL9Nl37vs7F2xzp5D83GyPK1WRQD+mEZB7ZhrbKTjMWhtIF1CmVhqU5\/u\/tpwwV+2skxkTXiXoJOoKEOLg+HRywyvblhZriY1LZO+f+S4sxonasK\/RkXcGrdPo1EUTENU42TAswaQnuQkDKkVWb5Na8FQBA2F1oii4yNBY2qAtSQxBdRSApFssppKU4gkFMfX8O3o64Go9nxbfJOWN\/XWih5\/oCW+x8tb6vL0NkpbXw8cd3a8D3h0w57f\/Pzwcdm5YhXomy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Gc3o0t0h+ptw\/0U18Rs8I8a47eGIUMAuyC4gXEij2VGXaOuqpJ6qooYlDTgSP68Yw62eFjI3VsC+LJE6Nz8u6RpZ\/exmE0drQxdy\/q7ly5rxof07MQe0TvNWyUntSRu7M92O5xW1NvzB0OPi2If0W6lU0DC5i0MP3lqa2vcFTvkB3Y6BWjc3smJJ5033zZl1X7iTTVEKTfvqzlB0jnZ4R0G788HZM6726LfIjjzrLE9YhwmUsCuYPAcna+FTgokLuLFc4xA5VlDoi63zEHJ0G\/d5mTdL\/72GXmJRSMTeLATYatlFLHqQAn7IPKVVPZ7kiEvcvMBIZhSs8k9gYweCZRMvweorDpvnAKFfy\/u6QY5XQpueavNVvdxtFT6FzbuqH3ByEffKmFLAL8K7h1TQfjy4Hkm2MN0j2iRKDGf+ewbD\/t7BQeLeqTNfUjXq+C4CeqIZF5U\/FKQml4jZRD4e55ucmADNyg35kkSXUhcP2ukOm586RZ\/RM7KOFbpaw2xN9Mx2MxgWl4M56+dCwbQqCvKNygLj49o\/dzFalNYdbcJPbxbkltKjBpDIA85WkKS9XY8g24NW114clzvgEWb\/VZq4HECiDxHCCJAkhiDKQFsYqFdhhPAWSm\/ZchOhJHpn+i45a83eVdQoNGJxuyn00Lkq89cq1wpLIpK6QAUfNuoKxP1qN9+6RjSJVjELq35wMnDk8M42\/r3fc0cEQPEtC29Sf8QQFiWKwPUrdami18nMRgK3g+jT+fzHvvuzLka2G4HLZ68iFxNLqro7ROPtupxtXy5NGvus6k5xITIzflw3njIuoMPGXoL7Yv+m8ojwozdw4cvmbqhdqLxvMkCIn8KeKSmUQ6T\/AljiAi1rparDVZXEuzmIM4S7QFoPyG7acmAd+nK9RwHPSdrud6IM31IKWVVrv0Zdn1flmbMgoX0LSwWALporjWIXWtS694DcRYATG2tFe1wRJqHBFGTxZrEozM\/WXR6qNz8MtTcXz6IvOu7Iim7\/NhcnMC7e73VQ3sn+bMhNMPujT3jX6QhRryQry4wRzoog+b1JEzL3FgLNbciNMZFwURIHVk4SQWSrjOYfk6xRPsIwDnnI0DRffqqgUt\/LTxEAFZf\/+Xr\/BbVoMzbFaI6BXV262tOuzbpKA59UHBG9f\/LrKeeTncxSghh4r1HPN5UG5+ntpHuPfSmxcmcyAvbLDiTQNdYCu2l3ft3LZhpJ5bn05kmFlk6+JueFezKJrODjIrOUcfcKRfO\/+OECO0tNR\/7OlvVz+vKAicf7dHSdGc5\/ddAUYTK+CZrUAXqsTLDwc2dokshDba6vM\/Vj+v\/vED18DsEBkiAus6SCftCCcOj2Mjpb\/q9FyM2XQpDfGn0\/wMb+\/CJSctCCdTSAhrgkeldMb5hmJoLgV8F6NChQR2qiSLZuGjH5lBcXjHZJ6q5WIym0jSiHhi1h87NO6wF+ymenFlyUpUMH0zmM4MmH06JRMBHIkygsxj3JPktAmyuGsQtKUAP16sTI5ByfLYwYz1QRki+EU3\/hhZ76Y\/puwy+eWLTFf5xyYvU2Tv82kNhBvatDEPRx7aDw\/pusuhep75z5XhhC9i4qGz8W3gKyzbRqk1ZNb1V6LT\/WJm2EIh\/Jukvp7j5gv218WXGiBNKFci0ZVjddkvT\/8BGdDwo6cv60ll5uD6O+XpO5VRp4sKSqu2henCfDte\/8gk2Q5vGxHZ\/dXWZlPw6OavzJgzvsF6fysWACO5ahbTY57EHPwjATUyicAaJVTgIngACdzrpdxzXn7ykK3GSkCRfHJs+\/VttcF81notJJzkgqx99hirsnZ0GZ3V57PPsWxJDu2aScM5vDBkfbbQwBasi+kZk2gIlJ1hmtgb90+wuDzimMw6B\/dlpvs1T7\/ciNPHhubtMGoMoDG9aauLhQTZ1c+Y81sLRt8aptcEpptz1S8e+i1jbxfnqaXdJoh3SYmc0YbfStYyrc4gLznPwdTUO5CGIddKdr\/3ZXsiweufvDXve5HqsvsU+SvcNEXVGlmbhrd7lM+QUNQirzvkLEHTAMZGMqb0M7+G1Ye4KxSw5gK5bY2ZYGLYovFnvLnJ1685fEM5yl\/hCv25+v\/+39W\/opHV354Ew9CoSehIl+gMNlMjrjUsPcyON7lMqxwrpvhNFvNs6KwJiNaSRCCTCdXIOI41QFaYX55AW4CmO0Ngc7yiNdwjYf8uPxAevLJyBVv0ga7CxBd98FL0Tyz6sLXRP4OaFPZuRlEKJ1xLamiwpTKoGhqoWob\/3Xix+fST04ZCOSBOY0BnDnYjm0sN55tjgyivzU+IMqsvdW5V\/qi7kUn21ECZPnXWsIQMqng0fAZVwVA6mYB+3gazllsnMtmDCYFf3o9\/m5hKoJZIpRAvk5juztsPiWna16kGpFBE2\/BMAIy9mJEoZ+U4nu6BsQ9rjuAs2EjPQF\/yXsgSCuy6MJUlkjKCG9ADrSJEOsg+MyfD66CBadzcdeuJctkwnA2TTwCJQ1vzWRs7ktjRPJP8NIUc9byBQs87DcMsC7s20Hm6k8\/M1bQ\/gebTZz55e5fMmFZKr5ekrCA+94gx7AffczJr1uqrSKFkcDHxueZ1Gp1JQEJq9TFR+lzE1oEVnDrZ\/I4LexJMB\/aBMoPYi2GK2alDX+b3pAEn8yuks+XiHyaW9Kk+ZP4kooRo5F2p6Up0rPJm33WSBHs2rftZ2VOUzZdzeD48H\/QRBMY6jOnh07nvnGH4Dh7+dAyQAfylqer8mXcv7f82TikU9kHORs7uSuE2N59lGtP5cCly5t3CvFdAiJ1mcR6aO7X\/d2ctmh62PpeN4ffqDDdLuERl0pvpchMyeSGA54llpm1Cc6nzXXl1lufbXjwiJhWOUSAah42zao5oXAt2ttzn6AOZsCm2y8vq9fhrl9Xr5VwV7ot0sV85i+EMBoOmzZOvtHETN3w7GOjCESXuWcYGFtk9HCPmk5i5uYvhjDtHqfrW3Mqt\/rnaOIeF+j9hOXGXP8u5tMlB0GsP2jw5zGPqRexifN4EJv\/DJzmSbnZDyUyQrQDPHNWuW7msfn7hFghkHKtkl0mMBhawuaTEPK1p6C9bAY50zUlFugmIBqOLQ8a\/SF5SjzKd8ulIeddzJ2J8z1WEW\/nCev04+fAxWyiF\/Zm2eNFcsGR1ySJuAsSukZX2xvXEvn10vmJYpvNTLDx4FoaOzzVhjDbIRZbMbDtObGeSw\/YRws7kBNn6Zw9VQSgXEIVuYzL5P+lP1uubQOO75cKpDgzyVv+ogfYocPe6DQxGlw9vCHZbfMRkNuU7dQYfNdahuKwE+aWajoHMestETZb+L5G3PkvdaWXXkybUNNrtHsJ7W3\/dJXAfe0P\/WPr0lyNDUmqjipxE9vBNWx2PkrqWYzYZ+8F+lobB5\/ToTN2thA9XJLnqDVwuENQo\/1lfGlmsnxPwbqX2wxLAqIKBJYpNrcuIkB+GywVjviKrn\/ulWRgPMeETJumSOJJeatg0dM6FDyhvJun8\/hLLG1dGqh+hJpklC37GnEYvEPLyr+qon2BdbS6ghMVNby3pLoBj3rRD7uNZtZ7meFb3Tl8Tw9iwmRMwZZpI2s6Y3WLQQOwvKUvljlX5Q5Hgh\/ldMWOnqTdjU6dVokuyKw291NVbIxRJNy0SJkAa6nU8Khk\/C\/szsAxfROFsRrobdN2yVllyA5vjgdPhwWRlIs53tltqMbkX790ffJ8x6SkV1Y5RUTlOVpsv\/k1b8nKYN3G93WSgaS2cLmxtWmaA71BbL1byOlfYVZtlfkITPtB5Db8wOYKll8VEd19vH89NLMnJIK4HP25mbH1Mh+QECOEs\/FCmbRlTY3y9GZ1XpjDajBtQtQavNyNVk6w0tSb4cgS\/Arc7l0WVL0MjbPpbTV6jRWRqdI\/xpepjyTXPZwRFAs8AYeZde5OkT1Qmz2paswv0sNRDyJlgILWx\/Xh8M+tZaqaKvBhZhsrgUKAPcRSMTP0uyeua5jXhZHGE1fVcCvFD2L2c9ovDDaxngh8NHNoPKuM2edkzF+hkNWijqtJTS76ssrA6sG28QVfhdCAbO5S7b0dX6+uo67+tLo+s6DSc79UG+SmsdLHruP8aFgtrEmocPv9yNQmXsROHedQWW79\/AAvkL2CBCK5J6zepK3YFRjl9veC+Kl54aG+nbzdThsMzT1Tdw\/7M7lFnUB5z42iT8g10goPCBhjpPj5WN7WRrLsEOvkc\/ZCeR93qGCZMHvBl5dpLCTaHTdYs0jr3Y67HY7W0u2M1s7Tbx4yBOrD4T8T1\/PdPHooXncwHWYLXL5xj5ee+\/NTMYsByJuC+IVA5yHj0ZePv6Exc1JXFqWu3kkrDOI3Wn3UMhGVAusxVW3f4oVgV66415fiSeRi8bMDa\/HOLhz5dn\/Ew+2gg0WYcx4MUeyxQXG5YauKzTb8XqwQbf2pqAJR\/PdKGD6kX6nxMvdA5hEk9ZQrdlFTnz6Ij6lFrlYqaz+4hElOjmSQHpuP6CAogy39Jb92i\/eEqwk4uwPi+ar6aeS1PEjHNj\/CEet5Oms9bsfjETL8g5\/hUcIkihbfOHrQMpJi4O1Kr\/MxTWGHxTchzPKW2oZWadi\/\/EaXipYZt+02fQ1sXOh3JM22FqtgF+ajCKDmZj6qzGVrqxdTWFpJztqGystCl88lnsznYLztZEK3oNmwpE4BTE45BgbwxJjS6XEhEAdMjqgO3zKo4C5hGu43igEf9rs9Y4raMtnfkAHa9+nIy7vuO+WvNNB+k85kVS\/SwubHmF2LVMVfUeAYmGKPRvZIl7t7alNczrPNkv2pBjPI4oobmLvMWN4qO42yGUiVUzYVeIShxWprH7E849kwOTWLT4cpwMVm\/pmpFzOxvtHKrTm9En15snRlMTCzTrkswvHRU\/66P6MzZyQ4pF74pOkl8zHG5xzFhNlC1+4KBE8KyKUzYxOWx4Avcjv+9Xc4GfjFzOuaXmQuv+xjvQD4sFPHdT18+LLSSo4jhMuds+aDF4Ms7I\/W2DPMVTEbqPSgdh+HsPnNO29YHd8UG790f17pwmjcqKvH7j58y7tj96I710ZhsEKb9QYMRY+1dNj2YG86MkTfvWwwvJrG3j+juUuTtB1K4QJTYaKIRPIjkkVlMJ0d4QF+oBsTTXKU+71FgrpYev5zt171waj\/qtnMfuB0Pv+wM8PZj7jfFfD7getP19MG3m+EkH3y5zZzww+42Xb9zrjbH\/6gT84EXDK4zZXJAP6ivLoXZcE1v3cdcA6q+TItSbD9oDGIyiVBtGqAHTmAXr5xYRhKTTdx2JnoD0774DF3zYneGDAXKkmzm4+i8EvQhHDO8yWb33PuhaoMyFnX2uTercdn95uzzIamuuF5GDbGjaflevN43GOTU0APNy6SGZ2zyR4APOi9oOlU64z\/eq0DR\/wmWhZzNT2sxc8aSdCf\/6+Zp1a3DJzR5K4VJfgbFpoAAe3z8AetqfVBm7bBJXgtsFaFDpHvqg38ImuuHqEdxFlSdA0PvtIJH6E0WomLXr1cH0aeFpEL\/0ez43cO+SVPraq0bd\/eJckNO7fIDOhlsEINpetj1fqGjB2y89KIwxV9Xjr0z0mh3tSUguhq+IeXx+QKSVpXB13fnZPA1ga1IyUBy9fgunRXJnyFqmXQtYTKCB\/VwkSSvvM8V5b77XpfSIft622yyr5vG2T87sZv4wYH8dvfPrudvt6D77e2f3SwEsdf99vfPQbpLYNj9DvbPIErSLCK\/T87+2YvdxEm73+7+OUx8z3W63x56PwBuB\/\/k75+hvd16\/fvB\/jnLYncLye8EwdtFW9iNL3H3z+ku2Lld\/4m3f3Z2O4grK6Df\/v452UWI1yK\/g\/1zGgRO1PWfhPvnnR0FcEd+x7a9f3ZjN3Zh34BWJPNh4PYNaElABKKka3Ds\/XOw9Ww\/6xuc\/bMf+\/E26hvc\/bMHthnogbr2\/nmX+CMM19k\/R14QgbRvcPfP2zRKsm7gDQT7Z3tr7+zukwKU6f7ZiRzgwLHF3T87tuM6\/fJUoGn3z0EcemHfNzEAP3uhl\/g+aTvWoN0\/O64TOjFpeQOonsazD6IwTnvwXyF6yfW8HhlOIOWKVWzddfc2vp7xMzcIrP7\/o7iK7o0TKKr9sx3bid0N7QIusN7Lkqjix8jbTcG+9c\/dvdKJBr9Cam9IL3P8HGWq2qv5p+Eddz95HeN3QZLstQWEu4lXzQiQsEKvfXdvoC7Hhwm4osPcPSvhkXpU59iPe1iNrBofol\/dg57VZK+VrtWSVKDrvkPiwD65xnmyieEfOaw\/2S8u3nYHcZY98V6V79nX1T97r3RE\/WQML8NXdZs3sxieJ7UDD6yzsgYhqeaCEbTPOUxRvzSGuywcqR8IkxhGI\/VD1C71R+rngjCNo5H62amXReFI\/bIU7npqiahfFsdZmI7UL\/Oi2I9G6pfuAsfNRuoHQtd345H6uWAbpeFI\/WAcRp5PUb8YZD21RtQPpsChqR+MtjHwR+oXuoHdw8PUD0boH0X9QAJ96FPULwBJlEQU9UuzeISBqB8IQJp6FPULwl0U7yjqF8PQBwz1S0IXAIr6ebG\/2\/kU9YMwc7OApn5ZkiVZzFC\/zM3cnmZ21C+KdwFwWOqXhEnSD5BQP+jAELLUL8xA2E+LUL80gEHmCtTPjSwvsgLXsl+CKfq3DRj6R6ZwV9EipjzR3\/j8Nz7\/BfBZyWZ2NQuTX54aBxfT6i9IjK5rk+9c4TvX6DtP+M4z+s4XvvONvguE7wKT707CupyM1uUkrMvJaF1OwrqcjNblJKzLyWhdTsK6nIzWJRHWJTFal0RYl8RoXRJhXRKjdUmEdUmM1iUR1iUxW5dQ+C40+S62bf7D2LbNvnTELx2zL13xS6PdiB1xtI7ZaB1xtI7ZaB1xtI7ZaF1xtK7ZaF1xtK7ZaF1xtK7RaC9Vw395qRqTL5Fwwn+K2ky+LeGR\/7SER5MvkTDDf4oFHINvQZLwn4IkMev1q9jpV8Mvha3R+tHSHyNxk\/8Yi6AmHxfEwYP5GDMWZpuLtZT87rZqQw36Wp5x8z69V\/ZVWq63Y3W5+rsHA50XKeL5dt5UCQTl\/tkGTuhGh761062kbui5Y2PeIm7VC7DWhLQRngmpXEInG1rr\/BVrWJKtD0agyCa9f3YC1\/fA0NgpQdjukaLjGe4gzMaekp6J89Iow0xc317D5FojjjT2sRarb8+KqkI8ZeZnO0C1lxXa4P1zGG\/DaJze7xt7\/5z40Y4a3e8bZ\/8MwySJMqoNCREeIEJC3+btn7dZ6iRbqg0JExmAO\/pbtB9C1zXIS9S7k\/pE1KCakYSQbLNkxza7+2c\/i73MZpuRNnG3i7OMbfaRWAIjqrkpq7cMFAXq1os9f2uLj5z9cxgEQSx55O6fd37kpbH4yNs\/J14cZq74CEkvGdzRw6hyPIQIBMC12WYHbccO+IBtRnrBDEBqnXCzhzR6wItdttnfPyN0gWOXJwha1KUfO65vs80O0kq6W99hm5GONQ4AVolSzVjYA74fss0+lhFDwC4AXmg\/CLYJ24wWOd55ic82YxxLfBiyzd7+OQ1hlG3ZZtQl\/t\/Y3FY1RH2mEfACwLUj8QyEgDrcpB1rdj3bC7l2rPTeplufa\/f3z6Gfhsl4EpoGL26YxR4ETCtC5DSg8Ru1oh5DN\/E8ptVD4\/Np4oNa0SzdyA\/GFTwWoGmIUObYFvl\/9ksUrRkCVb2xOlo\/oJ5\/\/daRH2oXwR9w\/+w6vhdSdKPXJG\/taEdTKjSF2I2zJB1ae6F060chGFEsq477ZztzMnq2OOnPs+3ZoZ2wrQiwnToxhXZYCG0wKgEXUAvRPXD2z1vPC7cZ\/8BFZylww4B\/gHA42AE\/4h8QlHIo+v0Kj\/jcAB+4CdOKcDiLMj9gWvFBjTNqDVEr0rgEsb11mFZ\/\/7zLoE3fFpcLnmfK9IZanf1zgHpjW5FdxY0jCkVRq4fJZEZtAmpFvcXQS8dWAOtubrbHtvZHBTCtiCK4zIxRK1pMG0QhCwGvZLqjxpBeySnxgZd5XDPqzw596o7FzWgD7Z0dcm97yFoU2xHXjLqM0iSmFgN0aOMFgc204uUMQASYVhfRzchPWAje\/jneAUhRJdSKyHqYwowm1MjOTRbUpS520o6XdOvTpxu3u5ha+V7CtaNl9eMs4OHjhYUetbBJUV1T1K+beTQc0o6sUkngBZBrR4jqbeMo4trRZeqCHbWKpB0p9cIUQKrfU0GuFBfQJOOELzEfhIBCbNTqYs5gR10RqBXxEG4aUiiMWsl1AihUQ66uZHERxrPNaDfhDlCojZux3jP1U8A2o5UNUy+CbDOxQdrUgmc5uU2yLA3DkG1GOtEM2BTG4maku8tC4KVsM8ZYL\/I42Hgvd\/Euphm4qoaI5vpZbIcZ9aA51dcY2TUZNiDZNOAVlCXYP6dpsqM4mgSpBJtm\/xz7abRjeErYEl43dGMa2ZNNUlcXRBvjiKLWyeZax4hfzrJt5tJM5blqQJ7sn6G3Awm1rZsckfckSyNIt8YAlffYP0cwimiOoEVJ3vHeZmHMXLf4AWKJdrEfRPwDF1Me2xNAYZIUSh7gBfdiH9ILfoXFJquaJi8I77UF\/NPymhQQ1JKJ4senb2ldyXhx9BCfWsma4odvOdoGL0Pd8s\/ivMK77VE3XvfoCCvJbpDu2qoGR4g5YkgfVvK4ak\/4jgZbdpoAiylBGoT+iIwXWF0K2NFsQNHs7oFDWFhfeIBomh3RR6l7QO4Keys8INeFHftm9jtekkuCNKToc6dXDzMfQlaS4xlGIsmlUeokHi\/JBSCC1GYTSQ4dmDTkJDkOKpbknNgNPEeU5Nw4TGLbXJJLIycObYkkF4FdCDxWkouSwLE5SS6NYo9igYgkB2IvTlhJLgAxsWVQkpzthCF1c\/SSHNd1L8ntYAKgI0hyPthFqSdIcq4ThlR\/vSTnxx7YQUGS2wInA65Ukkt3SZTJJbnY38VQLslFaZglUCrJhcCPqSuGluT8wLMjUZKLo21Acay9JJduYz8UJbldkgQ7IEpy2Q7yzT6Sj4M0SgRJLkuhB7aCJJdtwY46d70kB5FckQmSXBy5wEsESS7InJC6entJLtmlCcwESW7nxQl0BUkuiHdBkgmSnJuFW064xrOMPUZK6iU5DqMHSY7D6kGSgwkM00SU5DjsHiQ5DsM7SY7DzU6S27lJkEJekoMwcyiVTSfJZT4IIkGSi10ncmOZJOcGttX\/\/2lhznE5YQ5uYZZFnDCX+OkWJrwwtwXRjuI4OmHODwM3yARhDp\/0gBXm0gxGtKKDCHOZn22zWBTm0h0MMkcizLmxk1BqjlGYCxBDCSXCHIh8L8gkwhxMIhqNKWEuhl4EeGEucyFMYl6YS8I0oXjCXphL4jjc8cKc50fQz3hhzk4DWo\/WCXMQZG4S8sIcCFM3ArwwF0QgCQEvzLleZIcxL8w5rg8p1qAT5rI489KAF+YyN0kpTr8X5rJd5O94YS4OQ9sFvDC3jTzPCQVhLgvhLnUEYQ6GSbDbisJcuouCVBDmgB2G3k4Q5kLfSyj9aifMwQymWcALc4kfp9Sx74S5nRNFic0Lc0EW2LuEF+Y833WCTBTmsiwLk0QU5rI0zaJIFOayKPaoRR2EOehtobsThbnY9on\/HSfMZX4WUBqvQZhLozShLtlBmIv9OE4CUZiL4p1Pi1y9MBfa4W67FYQ533YCnxfmvDhwo1gQ5pydQ11MnTAXwGQXuhJhbuuKwpybeJAC0QtzHiIlgSDMRVniUCrhQZizk5CaSS\/MJX7gebEozIWJT91tvTAHs4hWufTCXLoL6MPQC3PAdhInEYS5ILGBDSTCnBOHsQdEYQ6EEQh9mTDHSTyDMLdLEofh3AdhzsuibJcJwhwMd5lti8JcGgSQae+FuSTZ7ijGohPmsGHCkwhzSZS4sS8R5nZZnCQyYS5zU3cL5ghz3C6MwhzwXNdRCnMh9IHnK4U5YaK0MGfbWzd2FcKcsKaUMGfbO7j1pMJclIQpIxKMwpywG6wwt43DLFYJczv8P0GYg36aUOrZUZjL0symKMgozGVhQnMGozAHox198Y7CXBIEwIslwhwSTV3vcQ5ufwt8fwt8fwt8fwt8fwt8fwt8fwt8fwt8fwt8fwt8fwt8fwt8fwt8fy2BT+IiSqQ5tItvvzzV4I2r4o1i+UCNsD3NYdl+crwghccxIrGT7tZMC5YC1+sFFdGmBtjCGkkgU4OMbGGQecuOEYuaHzJGQmRU1dApOjQJCVMlLSD8xjQcQsX0kMg7k7Aw3dNCwm9MwunopBZS984kLERZtYDQC5NQMCHWgsFvTMIhhFsLiLwyCSlPoBZMLi+3zsAg94IWDHllGq\/xja2BRF4QqhoG0lRJImhnCrSzGLQ7BdpdDNqbAu0tBu1PgfaXgO45Ag3w\/pW1ISxnGpZjCsudhuWawvKmYXmmsPxpWP4kLMQJaI8ieuHRd1L5\/stT\/PaAHe8B3b3dPaC797oHdPdG94Du3mUECBzrxyw2AvSQxUaAHrLYCNBDFhsBeshiE\/2rBhJ5wQyOMwXHMYPjTsFxzeB4U3A8Mzj+FJxp0kVJcnrWdnxv0cVHiYTT\/XQvLu4IC5fT3eDXFneChdTpTvBriztBwu50H+itxV3EucFSxfnyhTpCgw6O8I6dIPK7wV6QFxd3hDUB093g1xZ1gmyRevjojclDjW2dWjj4jWlhrotKNSxXP9pf16sgmCxYz3RFzK0z+yIfrVHWVqYzhtNKQXOC6Ur65dSoftdeQb8bsNK\/ay+f3w0Y6N+1187vBmzz79oL53cDZvl37VXzu8E9Q2zaHBCq8hWuGSjyxYM1XNLBDeWxzYrqbfO+XyVFflF5safVGeQl8WZIsdsAg1jV1wKMmJVu4vUqcH+y5OnPxgqXdKVAReEYsczWikpVfns75S3sDHursqrPoPg+Om9UOUrkig4BqBtluDb219i01fFYwFV8bduqvKGSNn2eLi9UVV+XlM1VpZIhtTCzvCi6PUPiyVe4XyVXpGJo\/yNazq6xXxNUArJrQX0mKP093na69bcKpQ\/DzarAcdC0XUI+6PhOp39FjUQd79qu18dTotakxYF8rr+j2zZn8FtV4+R8Tm\/4Q0\/qCqT758RNBtsTbgVIrZ3ZXcqgrjUuUuR7Adw+wKpr3GDTQwCCNPSoPmFRILtulO2o0XXOKdss9lJ6gChpL9K\/x24fT4maL1XxDfl1BAENGb6ibL\/P0I52vbUSwyiaDSDhigFgm0n8UhQkbHOyf94B9I9tTrFLThZnc4JChl2CPkwyj9+lzM0cmLK7lOySbW81ZHcJ7MB2l\/G75GW+5wN+l5zEga7L7VIIt05vqmJ2Kd7FMdMn3qUt2MIoEHbJzcKMHka3S8ALAyfldymJuqRQ7C7FkQ9ccZe8bDuEeVK7BKIo7P1bqF2i44aoXSLje7S31987+aftpCq1cQJLeJPkdaTp\/DkvP0WhfXm3ElAknxzbfj2tNisfXUzrQ39T7lckZYiyKkyfBHRBwvMcSTpkhORPqJvPJi\/burpJcpH\/scnLFL6jKhYkLTmqpeIPM0NT+2m1WTkemu169c+Vu16TxOVbKnE5Wg+fWQ\/0UUSWo7tbydY22pp\/1GBXqvp49DvdFcz3gE6YQQ80d8Cmqdd+jHLUcO\/36+D6VJl4UnqKqgyCmAMpKuhrrJNeSTbnPgcoqjKysle2QY1XXI9hlRTgfPmEqitZ3ov\/+mb5IdlP58UOpAlJZUWdPbZydFeymDR1Ll1oVHgdZJiunSGusjJMMOwmSDF+gZucJktK03lUJRU9QnGwqAqxbLAWnsmCiYzYBXBW64ap34DWRsbWOjZ6okyQjcnSgHWYp0T\/2aR5TXJnYwHuei4ZQmXPogpdEaZORHCZsgRDknS8t2R7DrMPHo3Fm7H+AVcAjN2jSXqBEUf8ZFzkseikY6Mk6PpF5gn9VkXoDdaWoo8Bpqq+\/dNadfXARjICW\/0y6YKanT0BuKtTj\/5EXgDviKF8aHlJseIWLNMRddCVgS8YhEOaC2blq0sPaOYyjdk0QtPlhlDf4zBn4bXZeHRl4M0gKJB8Nsh9WbWfcL24ETZanWZtVhvuoT0KO0ZX3EXsg4xQ7nTyvw7VFdNzspoqeBfRmIDkeULrUPvUueV5BNldn3eXvaz6sEiudrYzt0aubgH6Ah8jpyc5iG7UH8TVz6vQJyxc92HdUUWDL\/FlJiN1pgW0ymZTgG\/Vtf3lCTZoQeAdVQ\/N2Lup7sX6aAwRkZUWXQAYF0Mb7iv7J5pSYX0QfX167lSRFq4c2RGzbCMy7DGxXdmKKp8GkGSV3Ch2R0vKs\/zIXGD0XCN5ETgiOF+Oe95hbcf4q8ENGP6+bJICZVKEG7BeU2\/E1Bt13nzdxGvprb7PadqFzrZFfo5\/UwURiR6yf5Cd8N9ruT73okoL2myuZb5Jq+QrL2ow+ka0RId5ZZUM2JbPvK5TvEmXiVwCYKY2UIc2gxjsTyEkSw7EUfMAI3X9m1PVtBtcqg+Vnclk3AQnHw\/rO35qIfqn4Wtmsf3G4+qJc1+XAtU4JeNEN5dynOtO4Mc7p1jnS7FJq\/bGa7QJIiLxo6NI\/YmlpN9olH67ryDC\/GjEV8pUJxWL6RNMxLw0b1ARoHS9PrzCGtcE2WBuE5eFCmRloZRq+5EpRVc8J4Q4jhr1FPoh\/et0qS03sPXQdcdvUNyQ075DCofuVsbKh0GfE05pnWaNYPU\/V\/8gZKm6wNKa+enw4W3QHMmOAmbDtbKZAWEaqqQgyT6c2kZ6Xxx\/9r4w2goiE6vdw9F5Sr6wfXpyGkd\/QP29Oefll8+Yn34hDTGo11xC4nnQRPMVMz57BrikqBqYfpkcDhp62eTHG11ap8mPXGkdTjAFvQZtrCC5rOgj7kqRzFn9xQYLDbOkZQfhueXaEaL\/gwzlY90BV2+bBQRqCJr96gnVnkRofYSrGoL0ia9lXcM2Oc3wcxScJGwljYAFfAWaPN54SfDQiFSFhrwnYz0odOcDi8cW\/kS3fD8u+qIwmc4F1s0FsQKvuA6drT6\/eLxtdeE0aL9dmzbPvm2Gqp4kwjOG7RuEZYd06G7QFcsclayk4OY\/nRdPWtpQLGXouL1CFTtUZFV93q+ulwusE9DA5dUmyXTzor0NcDdN+62A+9UFFYKtX+HGS5l84sOLK\/slbFZiOayXrYX+r6NHidejQjWOJRmmtilF+fGhwA39G31LT8zxF6Nh5TVv8rjQHtijfWva6rLht66Ttw\/4YYX2ov2G+QdfC82ZB83VAauPMvO+Gs85W78ONPK\/uXXvo79BXaOtcFeBHlWSr3OGNNSCmzGy5LSoBxpHyUcr+8ULGovuumvq1p\/80o9l+LMqb8JYxk3FXVDbGhpCrQsRKmuaEWFvA0PgWWU+ZMcQZpqfbzT6asdyylvZXlJOYTxi+IfkWjfo5HSCo\/aqrYpvHfxrXXx6Hs7g+jA1794O9+IaO76M\/ZZVCm\/cOA\/VtUUgphkEJCiRQUsv0oMcH7o7RPTmofEegWWwfhrDG1hoh8aum7Etkmw\/KCrtWZZvinMYEeww3ktx9U5miP6i2qs6x7S\/c5YynSseHIXJwYGuotG9FNcQtCe48l7cZoXKP27yclNd21VeZnmZt9qNzmrt5LMquTZrtX8WQ5U9ak2mUJMUmmd21Zr6BA9m092WLEKY0af+QH1f2FNW38xoUQFiHkd5Jsu0fiZWiuHfbx03garkyg+UMV6pxsfY2ocOQ1u7nW2ycK5ijWxPWiPbUepCyMwuoP6qIAnaC6N92Lh9+bj9niEGZXJCdPicp2kB1UyydrilwZYZDtiLpEglGaoB1\/4vX+G3rAZn2PAk6Wb\/ZCFW+UbNtUlAAT856wNN1r4H0pdegoB+77uWDUUWDEp8Q785sZtInKN4hHSLlFikkOuwNiTSC2NfbxOCvChdOfNkq1AnW2npGTiPqh3X2NFGSX1C2+bdUJxA6l8zcWwRkGFg\/gMcZLyXQFZqWHumKspLx2asEc4L8g9SSUjURkazNtKO9KuCRjT+qrLspsGnCX1G25ipeGp4gaD95FmMHmdNKadmGmUW+ABOTmWV5q+jnptoJ02+Wf1Mf8nZFST6mv7JQ4bc3kx1LfOogb+UGnTjSnmKMP0NEWFvpi563bFw1TfRYlVQN54zKApePTO92j4am6teba1QBFuQF4yS2Qkm1HTp6UYr8SOV+k1GfLGGeIr4enrZtmxnXE0MJdVftgUFlvI1QlreXjk3JWPWsFgV+UyfLUSZVr7fObGQ2zu6SENSxnEF2L9vgWPy7Otner6Mkfgxxu4BemxwPGmOTwcvBrXMcZw7cIOxReUNPGcKMahXudI8iDaQ7JzdGXvtw8CuLfBE7rvsHEF+eXKevqzy0VflJ9PvXPo71\/w7j\/7OM\/\/Op7\/zzb8L6O8C8+9C+rvQ\/Lst\/d3W\/LuI\/i4y\/25Hf7cz\/w6VLKY3Xv\/lq\/kVqLlmOlmLmPuRW+l9V2Lvmi1xqSbO7ei\/A7HULkxb3sDlAkGN\/KE6tdBASKPevWB+PhK9uQ53Y7ywTmeZcmcw3RrL1AxtbtyWRHPVk27tmCcgjTriOlfB60BtYrSCUqcr6gXVx5oCyLKx9DPUdYdfmQLK6tF0+r0E1Cn79m3QVbsijnVqye4VJCY1sAtS4dFMz0nW+YVWGiD25WAclzDePossvt8n1kM8h0asEvLC4C3yWMdhK9gk4vrkrBwuNmLLH\/ZFLNR8K70RHcjLE6zzlqGjRKHD2zxoVenYNzYLNVNboDsJ8dHgECAgvyKqvkGm6gamvzy19VWZb4JwLJumytpJsCu1edqjI7c8X0\/xMazx19fS3I0kKc\/8CHht7pT4otXFJ0kqOIzS3rgSYUqioHFm3xXaMdELZDYmrRTqzpVCz\/VHG7fPF7k2neClsYXsJVxgtjynD7M76rsZ\/6zKR9oTy6plVIqUC7itUmjKRHDkVTj4lBGXMiZuJNK4F1I+XkbytIn\/FuW61Tlzof88TV+vc1SQPq+ClNys9uGBUjO+Zxde39r9Cf3H7Y9uR55WT9SePE17uOlW9FH62tcjHUviuRM6MooNU2KGy2HGpPWVsmGEE550yY2Ls\/0uZEaoYXpNYLo5V70+BP3W7q9oyKdt9xM3K3J30\/LLJ0vvvWHp12eKF7\/RXBMJQNWhMsjr5jbfg7UPRSEKrLw8NtY4CsycWqyVt1nfDAPwGdDIopkS2JcT7JLSLIR1yltqlMhbQAJIE0BC5tqaRLqSsV5O6VJHT4mKdkvCo\/4sL1D9TMs5+ku1V0IHjbd+3aOw7kCaXWauy0tgRLLSi2FybbWxyc2UsXBlVlIv0IpNGDaRmCxDEapbsHsEqA6ESqvNq+GN8aLgdvFSoNPDbkavzXXpFBiPUXwN79f9OQsHKWWGLNBN5uvtg86xPTqvjFpKLu0Y0irqhlcgn4xlgQ3D91NGjcnvmZ1XaNl6hn9SKD88bCxfb4tVhwlhHXVyEnZBpDxsdu5jPbNp\/TmjPp+iyYzFTxW\/TKLaaLorqMLYkGKBsCMa6stUV3NdGDTqalYRZUJjBWWVydyXklAB0PBnW4METiugDnH1PuRnwKGWyMyHzdgGArE4j7vVuxt1ePhwqEzzFYpMFFb0IiKHr+lwsivWVDrEfui\/M1z6SRCzqNpiQkNSbqu0IzyNcfzDjOADPxA8qmmWA7EbQaAN3ZmTi4sIVcPKLfMb1rpaJEX+CpdpKztOQcyi0b+vSWbbvbraRsq0o6KfkTuDB1DNOb1WGzzl+e4ljtRRT9HR6bxpQdyQ0GcQ3yRh2JqsDF1sPZLguhD08xdriPNMr9Xwa0xkEV\/zIkXJi5GQvDlVZ7iB75eiqmE9tmTg9\/Xojhbo\/NEePIb14hQVKKY1L49s0G5Ah8n2CiCcPoNWb71DNrjZ1QU3\/5g1Rwo2tU+wdBCGsMnC+JFkYfzILK9IDMp0SI7JJSdRfI8++dxhOZJKmRzFWH6k7PmE9z40SV0VRQzqfmPaU14awh9OlDlT302xh7a5gBIWNzaZms3xWiLjNAf4rNBmKQQ2rcaNTz8j9wu1+XaiJ53T74pLpLJ8Bsx5JznnaO2mL9JSZcDbNHyRnvgyUkAnobOnacGvefr\/\/PJEfqOL6RUk3zbksBt+1ML63Mz7pIBHUGzo8+e502RaMVQWjRYMfDGAfhocIs9zm\/QZM0\/Ep7rzBRdKlXgyvVICOi1YrHtg9OulR2v7\/rnp0uAZT24uEOnsRKLgSuTPRenLdMR0v48hqls4RdoUvTx3UyrrzRG08A18E1KS8UT0M\/WbcaTVJkc0ELs\/foj7Pcha+txOXwOYeek3H6960iISOLahnzzb4svYFt+IQ57u665DZdoHYlDgqk2tR0I7scu0k6zSTs05n\/KLNef0oA9uSsUvfrzWZaOJCwjTL\/TP9EuvYxi1P+ilzdtalVOPeElzrxd9XE+f\/9CWqLpoG7F6W0nuJcKRjhkxS2wdS87gsslyWKTsJCxuiuubSR4MbdIf+qjXVEqOflu7H+9TuUa77SzQezVUcBqNAhfIs7hVpZNKYdNujtUd+qmufYh4wDPK\/8CMzWC\/f2cz6rGZYB\/luktbMGjmnk6ZYGDIMwyA7rSpQrQqe73JTBOiTQvnXYNJVVNmeIWDINGmrRzXPjfjEFF4\/dqi9W3yN9SPphGPKHx16Kd\/Y\/BR1qOikV75sNzNmQx1hvMj4+o87Q0909mZX2QD1+RusY3eFLydF\/ovy9bygtKEXmCn69tPZ9894NeRJll4GbdaUqVz91lVUh9VpSXJtte9mZeve4f8iXxGNm97nDSXajntHbaKkHGMF6FztlEEVudPGWLdpjz\/v1nRCh1RTGEGrkWrJYbjVYZqShmZe14ucPUPS9HeM9jq54SnlF8Fit72bydYw08n1zp51sm3LlZVWNfCSgsrTa0sP15ruJZG9+kBYijrm4lDxQUi5+WX\/EalyOtLSiC9Od0grRclOMAuLR1F5f3Uz46Ysyxg5eXl2lq\/tiDGuSm\/rE2P\/XCAZ5x7kpdZF4Y380AN2Np4a+pHsJZI\/+PO0y+qfoyVp8kWTrhRjsdJcTKba50BeTVzvDDomwv2omKQyJalWhxH6ajgmenVRHd2PZ8jY0qEgjr4k7EVFkV+afJGMdDmiqSNbzeK8PlSwkeMOpM2GW3M2QdO4CHBqvhMkdA33SHBTLaA\/2ZsN+tbJ+KbflifCdsBkvaXJzSWpy83KtMwa8vqdM8q38EL3PyG1v\/GxevojoDcXRDbEcgR5\/dS1XF1rUv4rZGLL8yM3tnBYAeNx9yuU3f4aIfoA8PVdLWfUJ9A2VgsE+gJXn\/61qKLLgwi9PiFuxadUlQagnnSlcAVYYuvJ7X4Eq6Il48MLUHi+pmbacRvOzlETwzmOxBKBmkuilD3zwSFF31kbJKtmSm1RLa5E6dVoz1XtZwv8nm+yFfj9RmWV1kIPR5bj6eE0IzVzX5mMHrdvcyGCFC5uCU3bJ8\/iRm4G4RdIlSmGddXQxYHnBuKaK\/o6YX264kiTGxQInP0punKTA2GFAHoLR67xw341ivAt7VuO\/rDYWneWXSOqA95xxORBktWUEaK2Lto5GFp6vOxVItiaXwp1ZoM+TRYL7WChH+R5e4ntCWz1ST8\/mMSlZxg8pUiUfOc4mU7ySpSRklEMSSUBOAxikoG2fib0pNSDdyqvj\/99QezE4aEn79ijS7YBQrIAWx6rTcZaNr1tEKx28PFzvfd5wAnI1d+392kOgh9jQs5Cg8VMJR70Qkq\/TKWFTr4RfUGU3Wn\/RZJxk2J4DIFI\/WYb6\/K9XSPmvXOFT5+\/QWlg96cb9KTo+MxFeDyv\/LJdmUn2+jeeRyjbHaK7zqv1n3nOjc92Isuo\/z+c58vPfjMvhmf+DRvkkeKb+ZIav9VEFKzMh8nXCHohF2B7xdQpqb8igLcLOFHUeth6ZFCfcun0o2IimSsqxa08JMTofpsUoBNLZe\/6Enxc7q8i1o1ZELYXADSamN57FOAhCWZiD4EKxN0QP7ioG7k0cnkTrF0t42lPteWGhcsIxncgOMWLjvs0SJcJtilRaXMBTGfC0s8+AYs5oNV2QfBo3do+DZsu7FLbzfP1a91VaCqmCCmC+DShFC8r2WkUbrs6kXyJISQWi655NjXsBvf2zhc5sBJYimGNvrGN7e5gktYWhNKagqLEJsGFjBpjeU8fo1nynRJdS3bWfoF\/IWAUcqQWVH9Y2sRyHmMINfpHIR8P\/5cc4hiFYiPO384bN3bs1b5ggx8MkOb3pA1WOzYdOaKTo41uJyWZFpNCnC+fMIZPCw3fH2zvAgVeGRuL\/JOgAuLb93Xk0VK36nMPzgLicRaI1yAPGutsNyPb+VncIT7FcIRUIylVJO8TgpoqVALYZ9FUR1k58NTHAGPFkFiFuzJyrEG8aGtrsmps\/fsVxdQbr5N11npF+IlbxDOlCgsh4Ya5+VR8d1bVTMOr3yW1D43qlh8xMYZU4tik5xAeYQU66TrCg3xWOQIQW8GfFeBxFmW7yJtij4KUEJDhbXgmIjoBqpAAiWK32vcFnBtkG1O58\/Rhyu+bBWjR9Vwa+Ph03p1PB36urXpgpeuocfKTA5FOGOmIZTdRvH+CPrpajmwTmvAWS71ghe\/XDI2Rr4uCiwZFkbI2uqqs7ZKc4jywZMvdigpH8BLeybm9antQBbq8nanUX6ExpnlKZ2YoUEepkfYKHEEbbLg8TsHDRF4bQI8TsMg+ge9wqSt6g3MMpi0GMoG1RtBaEdeZsTLvgwbTeQElU5XyEr3jmY6xEeg\/XaBvzwd0eKUXVVzschSuPINAeHEVVAFB7mL6CAhoi8Uk6NwwaCgEgUprUp406Xum\/qeruf2oho3zuokZMUwMb3iL7sp099PMtWwADGKgJRcxiORwH8iJuvTJrB\/stB\/1l2Fm6GbvHxdr2lXbSM+WdRnG9nk7rN2uBpvIxk9m3G2cc06yWIaZeRVSvhKrzfmh7tmdTTDChPXVvb2YR+efpQleuo6ES2jbI4SnSLbiM4xju\/Tmu6HGbPGinHavNv6rEIdHJGghJq3FU4j3XZrfDyl1ieSV2XAS+yBweDjBmHQ2viB2z\/QzGD1IiSQM9CMS4w6Qy0ojX5ankmCJJNavmWrl6Y1SNrF6lgjXsmKa56Nrmr3DQdnX57uUAulrG4GLphLNE4E\/tf0pmZYzVVhBNixuCndFdmVx6w5sxCuwcoPHNvEKGRpryUeh3T3qGGmG7l2EG1746v08LG2cx2Fhwlt3mD8NW9xKFf\/NwaOtSx790C9gAR7HBAC6zZPQCGKd4N+mWSNAOU37M3Oe2wyp\/wlhGft9M\/s9D15OsEHSD4qGWbSab8baNbXPmIFU4yxSwjiEC9KQ5OYBtkXNCxBp6Og\/J48jfB5D8FCjDFxG5ZJ3cYLP5do5JXGIuHSLpKIX5MWJ5gmkBQrWLS1KXLklYSEuzLKNTsCRRp9lte\/PNVtgeKDqTFI7GH7U9W0n6gP1uyC8mUy\/\/unjbM+XMsclQ7cxHma71d5UyGBQ88VwNpU8bbBSUsZr1AB+72\/kPjCKS2Y3FfBIxQ72oW9VHVruLCB\/RN7efE8RDRk8eV2xDeK5FUIHajbCf3i5Axf8vImw4hNMMH14I+ra3sTvYwnviXqja85Sq2E0jEMjHgfb0a0fIYQ8HhHEIy7ZJ\/NT14dcrOUJaO7h2U6dj4a9fpUc2PP47N+ltVVHiUv6yaFSd7kVcn3xcxT6I08XdQfaEED2yeVt7OwC9W1TqB+GzxjrDhXKSQkFp3B+fkXZDBB3cIMJOZTqpF\/J9pcyoPjUhXfjlX5yV7Z1uh3v8EXzHplY094\/KP7y7Z\/smz8f4zx6R3WSd6ISzl7EZsWII4iNZ5wUoAr3bEMmyf7xvF8X\/qI1sGq+fR0UKuSkUEO0QzyHzOSaOIaPJhhNs7S+MRxYighDfzlCelAEWY27e0+8tHBy8v\/WldHpJcYF36eR4AWpDjQ+fDeQN7m5ZEAsww\/QoQ9neh\/qjpDWW0ug\/5b5QY1OX3MH1I1G5D+5pKXorlzcwbv6xU6bKiAZZnlZd7C73Rd9O7TW1vJfMnaa12uVb5Mf1TVeYqbgAxyIv8lPa\/mUwKnkcekzQbX\/SAH\/OEYepq1Gf2apYF4oldKZOaVMvfawGOpru3laqKqEt3ZokG5NhaHWiIGLqwkidwg8zK\/E9Nkj5kIf141tAv\/DHQSFOGGNle0QhKpUapwmkxyPgB8OW9Khdmqn\/fU50tsV8zH2ELHjWHaPteDeOV7lhUKU1oPnWmLrCoJACpvbSZpcYYeHXV01\/Jww6lQhQ9BWqFe3Gy\/tmkyigv+6JzDULUcPp2E4BEnjyD8uAwQ2PSW054PqkhR2pduhgXRn+j58z9uk7qm7lV0xJo3cBmNTvbErKZMc3OsZ8RIeVuWGAOXhzx5jMo3ul\/jrfRDQfb0OTWU7\/XG0RI4xBlejcoqqwmFUqupqpIZLFy7S9VoTDQCIfE+IF+IOuUHgz+S1CrBQvV2d16Gbj7GkGLQOQoiIRkxjXyrR7pQXaBk+MSwJRk4Vjmb5ExUdSMZKCIImtgY8rZoD+G2dBKCaX83cmQaWGRMshKZIhQrUzbO6h\/M0Nby1CqKl1VDgS24CbaZR\/mVozvVzCMb8cjc5bvIzqQZyCpVyefk6eCiTrrUWb0mXFFpm5fGgujrByveEOHdN4SvvyGkGeENQm77BdTbfzVGOc52q+jm6+ss936EUxYy\/XaKtvXKyWolaDV6oGca5HDEoraaPm4fsPxIZJ99gWtgmYeais5YBrmDfDphK2sgdR8aL7M8b6sJE2GS9kCzyLNcvRaGr1ZJs5AjLvLya2MpweLaHfIUOTqAK3Cb8pc3idoj8SkKY6g8\/YTZCe0GOc\/bXOrmYZxDreuSYAPpWJjBtUwhTlZMhjD8HHIrvrhKc+0wJdOw43m3\/LWgMALVvTNbaMSzleB1vsuesz4o3V0+yHVFxe8PSepUp6+zSt6kWYnU2V6YMA4T94GJKDpjJra+lvMuEcVxnXJJ9uduxL1alPparrgche7CEH5UXu2rLLJvTFhIFMDslkiWSTNWnH711y7EAUWxPX2RaGO75CoqOihPV9JnvFWJA6j+tFrbOEZ1CfpyX+LUMcMrHne8MlPN26zC3VW7k3BeG3wY9hxJ5lr2ho+HGDDkthGanTL2DVPSJwhTo8Gqbo7qaE665roDztEJe3NTv3LrzJyCUEX+CIF4b0FMvNeyqmqN1BzsiwoKPKVs\/+E0EY0aF\/WcKTbMIGV9F\/fmeyzgEZapeqAdyyVotg+cyGazWyIkqpBmpWCrNKj4I73Tr3ZeE5kTQVxd56U0IGAJK2mSKkPllDql9u\/7ecTmrl6at6lE6e493oCznS0nh3ufo54cjsZdDzsY8XM2sjZIe5J75pFOiC\/czPBCeTdaz7zH99b75S1ztFOs1GKfMzk8pN+a9Gbq0bePPZ3soygnjo8tv19Q2RkpVmm5obFXZVivxtXS5FywkOk4X50PZ9sqAWM6OqUMmbgxhCy\/Wzc5KSXcC+JjhSiSpRYgDG0V3zRVhQhH9BAzW1m1TKEA9c03YVqEl+Zzkd+WJHLQweyNtR9tQKVOpFL\/669NdLRk2ClsQV40t4cqIjDkvmSCkYIclxVGoY5II06YH7PKAUL+rIjKFNNrQvnqKAeNXcVkTvt9byLslg9LiyZlBgVIdySLZQANcY00Aj7IaMZ11Afi3et1wIH9ajZ89elZOrEXbCalwmhs9ixh+yVG0J8Jiv68chljpreeUHh5Ekod2UpK3eZniN6UHR10NDZdtaPOf2Zo5s1Nro3TvUvL0IjCBqusNLX0vIFXOClrynJmTSlHPbn86U7x2Zpxfh59XbSTdXRAhNTvbDr+Kf2E9xdJpK1KWhCOeeC9O7KgUiv1iAwCFDgiRt7vV6M8e8lX3nI5UZ1Grt2+hw4fHmX3n+BccJHWm6pyDNqrAlwaiEkN\/stQb98Xf7W0j9ObwWER8XSJ30PvYtRDaqvLxNBRUqb29Cf4xM2bX69bmMq3pp9t+pLcVJpeDWevBdqRSYA8lK9IYS5wZfMKLBh01lEatbXSBMZH1pWD50v7TZF3Umlwm5XMRotYC5EELeprDt\/MOPkaXiBoPxE+JS8Kq2NGsBEKMyNrY5df5AhqLCFrQqQnqqwYuu6j0XTyLrknPUISZpB3FruXGFEKmMKbVOxfKMjDuq7qJblQ3TEijKqE7diu94Kzld50SVEVyONk9UE0Zeoc6NVhiggDSVkoRu0UjPcbiw\/2XMPRcBqnCxWN0QC+ZjIKpbpsmbfh1mCV6Xlv7deTLgTJXHRl5CV+ETUVNa3JVLzSrODa0pGcbaM+g+IxWV20tQA1tf20FcI4m3VXSVBWvO\/7ZLQl+a3Yf1VxW11uWRTf0F2YdnOgIjAZJLzUKPpHg3SW0lyt5gZVfl1dOUfL1GA4aRuyjFSxaDe1maaJIhjEyD4CLw2dAV4Xd8Zo3D6\/SLyzv5smJqG9R9C9ToomWEs+R6NSfs5lUDHuVvPd2J88qcqkv4M1GQqqqNxMBlH\/8oQ9EfCuMTlsTLO5KHLFdC5kfc3zynBt5N\/NWhtMCy1t4Vf1U0vpbGFpVf+WWlGv92q3tCFPBrUqzIpeYEWBpc8oZukzblkTyZ1YhLkUAAk274o7YJ83n\/YFKI+fQL22yF\/Xer2+sRqWPctMghrEqPA7zVzKXlH0iXvJwEQnGZjoIgNr80llgJ7eCr0yKN4sJu2xRWfNs+jUiRabMcmiQyZG73ja+mLJVMqWKNJbg5ZnLeTpw7YBXmJXFWCP0\/w2J\/\/TBaSfLyoHZnwn3OaY87pPppj+gXfMS4pF13CO+IbblxUicMM1h2\/2py\/rmzQdK\/5kc7IQO7Pma4iin8SPZRPDE3jN0XA11ZYJsHdO7DMMDes+\/vzSnMno4TmGaQrTLzdJ5CwfPC4Lv8VSBBMGNLvr1UtzJqFYdI9DFWm2wMUimUq\/Z3wnwr7huhEq8RCparh8HLht5br2uVkl1zhPNjH8I4f1pxfXsi3bctaruGpPXCoOAimrKyoJrC3N2Px\/f0Jz\/d5W44vOgTum3+cnvxZD4alktDNza5fwvTXO030QM4H7q3BeCpubrOTxBrmr2HMyxQxjl3kGHRYntFm9IKAtOC5PbcfZYAwT2812TX94Yu5H5rd7SIYdBkXZg4soKCq00kylzUEvorQ5FOL22s2Na3\/XOfge9bknPyCljXY0lOexWaYab8yNMjcZDd\/jX7z0ubbODKaxd+kgxKtDR7ffTlCe0l+Zv1FMJoLaJyoA0AXVh9ADc6PtLEssX+zGCM35TN8qK6wWR2RhDgf+0uXSXCCqgNJZ6PaH3EtV+YW6mO9EErLvAuYpeG5SvO3W6+3A5QJBjfz79kg8RG4+B6qN8FhiqSq8HFQzMVlg8kr+lIa9kkR34+GbzHVbvUnVk1zQHkpX+KBE1Fw0tzszmBnrNjsdCciLL7dFhROHTAkc04+AIH0pUNZV5PsfvayGToxUfTwcRjkgylgkGpN33l8Cu7d5Unm+zX3v5ZBxYoaRKjZIcP0mYZxsg8pVI+puIsw3RsyVMZWE9rcGgjo5qUbDVaEa6KwjyRMvi4GRVKmUlxWx\/5SMUMYR2uqymHgH8j\/wJHpTU\/WuX21TczTuKbk2ojXaUVqjf8PJP+cFTZNvJiJEfkOoPytC5LdjnzSeu4Pt1WRhaKEG5Z+VtghP+zbBVfAeNNp+JMqbbRip9QC4TpxRhUlMzjWhsqLnkac3xFHTQj6S37XKaMOY7M78ozC3wTLVf\/eZi7B9+iJP1KSUZyiSfMmTr186wm6vHPY6nMoHxMNhL6SRsNGlfeWJImZ1gO8OBanl7kBvomrsX8Vr0ZD\/Uq\/H\/YkUZnepKNeu8Ic0ktzECtSCG7ytzXSwyaWWkeaMnyoe4RQbo7dxl55wzGYjLct+vm02zbnTywxWhbxrGMvDdoobRUmFAwaC8lsKIHArD4ekwhQcWAwoo1Gi1+6qD6Wqn+6yNyokeu9xkiMy7S4p3xS5fwBq3+9jmFU1VD8nqcLNmZnmvNpjsePTybVOnnXyrYt1LayqsLL8eK3hWnZn2npQ+Pv1jQ\/s0H\/UWQ+BhdMZWESYtH5tQYx51S9rU25rQGhj57\/mTC7nmdks2OjhCT9kw8wXTHRQsLCk7ZJgVbQGhOUcU1OQi0eSh2tBkqDmLOdF7i4TdU\/VJMVAaUZoaVKBzq3z40bHV6VVpb2eqE7bnDfIfbT54YrhJdVW+sHqr9eJdOaUWGo\/NieYcBEpawIaR2tIZ9y5Uk9wY7Oj1qR9EQaJUOO\/nJ4cEZWqKpqPykPk\/onUOAPnR+ToQ1yjMkffsnxqnmt6vv7kpHwPOX508r0lRwp9z9maMlDgBAH6oo8H0\/wQXSerl\/KOZENq5Qm6cmBxDwLdGTr6EBUQmUVno7BUL2Adqg7f\/\/IaTiW6f9fOmcpHtnNlSgg3iuS8oDK9tgaXpGBkjtZTG2kEyXV9Jd8vuvkaCaIrbPH5hBlkyw1f3ywPuwAxbkvknQCH1mzD15MVIaFUtRHY30fiCGXiXNV\/bq7WRavYgiOU5aYTXK+mxOWekB5rEB\/a6pqcOi3ffnUB5ebbYZDVpobzABlvoxbycBcrMur59XIVQLHnZKMJdbEVFl+zfZWa3dsKFyAqYIbhy4SMt7woNskJpQPsLk5EVlWdzEKc4gWWg1Zg4\/nYXGX3lmt0alDZQvsnRmNgVv7yTgbhPmchT60x0qwE8tHAWCtVGlKIOi+iUjKvTsmmHkzxeqO2wMabcPgRQbLULKdohQIjlHM61jcRrX5k4K8+Rg\/xXm3xkcXIZvBZg1nXVQ91o3MB+1NqminGiuuXGWcWF7RvqlzQSwqg\/XvTGKClMxJZ5meGac7SDH5C9r1wSZHovgVBThA+4oHTrb9V6M4hzfqMg80ZSVLJbV5RP20menO51zY9D38SgqCV+TglEoKusKstwDcM7q60kc35L1NCpRuKfHW6SUqqYUZ2Co9UjU+yuchlC9SN3HuvIwOWek0ttSrBWqx79X0ZfUWt31US2EeQeZK9WvAe1h9g\/y8lzQd6f6XF9STIkt+j0Yrbcpa8ELdlP7mblKvl4gIMGeh8U5WWhMVUDftHOTH\/7bls6rncb8qjPZeHzTbyXEaWT4OimbPLvBoXzFxiHXtEEUzTfPvNeVNWx2J2VVFvSszx1o\/JyGaQeuc+kvxd7Y6j1dg9vPrmDy0o2s1wsqZn996ycprdxz+onCYxn99dePHw40oqduszlivspsCpL428HZszhqFghHX6zUV1mP5SWpri9WaQHg+\/uIr51V2CZxfQZaib7jJT+nrLikL8iIJFw6A+974wk1l7ZVW3jEAvz9crAUX83wbx4Onnp4O+\/qs2OfZ8GyMZz6\/omH1Rj+p\/uK7jPqnu2tt0\/rEFI0PV3VZAn2CcYrbnyBME9KIEf8OSra7Fwuuj+77I51d79MKf1jLf+97tSUPjYtDgNMAmpeLoQb5cqsaaeqeER4OkRfwnKo8wNq2splLc+GjMkX9V3yW1oVeAo3Yr4Uy3gsOdt6SKj2K4x+px+S7nLKXeiXxujT48EflRUwnOajAf6VFbF8QdnRy8\/cpd\/XPl3yW2TO5wUye3WfTM5PAWonpKYjF2faMCGq6ifAat5tXy2n2hiwycf3nqGcmF9TMYWKeqzv9AEaAKaL2Wfoy\/X95XUldNs7A2B9KggrbO33GuP8FVYVr28tdasDchvXIDL6BGYQ79wR1yDxnSfgJ41Zf4EJMmL0juLoCVsOo4tVKfEOzQ\/d9Nk6dQmWN5BNtnZNpned20SCtcpDeZOG9Pmx3PTVJd4EOcNAflGmM\/9gwj9+hKb6bZnIbxj1ZJc73b1Bpb+ufpbUk+bVZHYPaRGTLMDy82UGIyFhy0dXw+8Lhq2+os16eZjVte3YyQ8bc6b9HhO1foXAx918VBaYgRJVt3UbVBwwA2aj7IXU2zD0LO3Cmtl5IW6bSWMncjhkHylaEGI2KL9ne5VV4w3oup0Kf6usfWwS18z0jKUUn0PESRfoe7KkPzh+Gcp6mSI5eivehZidfxniiUlC5hqWaKImWpVZqRkFKnSQ1LWrU095LDGvmxflOFJsyER3NWyy1WBuOWcF29+jqQuxyyADhWapp9quVqfBo9eLO6DFlQYhSs4uriNz4h09d3TWjqAk5tKsd5IK9doxkF0jLPE5LIV\/7MmkqMT4GysLWj7VRa++uuyxyD7fV5spjkRU5nZh4n9JQMVD0HRcEnvjC4oX7131\/J3W7UH1lyF+3KX6pUrjk79ENq1o79SMtlaj\/R5WBBNGdeld7+i5t22aVfvmFdonGp3B6yrNKqmUV0URnLWdKYpiaGMkbwWhuZ97EnF0Ntfl4FLorrYIsDMJLnIO14ZhkNxKS10pKKPPExDFn01nM9mh5hPTcps6HZnFlHAX2wKW8\/1q9dN5aWQffQ2J48cZYw7FhveXXWs+uP9OdBXeRF5yRjskHIIZ6\/pfTZZL+rIQ0+gua3A\/JPM0\/uyQcmqwvhDS8JGv0xaH12gug+Bk1Tc4dPTK2N5zKpKtO7rjyk0s7A5qAp072H6t5HDa4umw0PEE9nCb6r6tv04ePLsu1YGmZzbskcMZDdPBRRdnm4uqhyxizjrP652jiHOdXDXIsZwHpeILrE7DeZQY5iVLQB0O1dyaMkFkltbzO4wj4+e0GwbB\/pahoci\/Hoc\/dxp72vMlwZ\/WY8QQ2QfjxjxLB2\/Di6WIZx6lSfBlGrYpith\/g0K3RfT1bg41BciVUl0CBQW9zE2mQqf3NRRpLnE\/yxEiN9XY7bYx9mHjmttyNHk7lQVr3z2eipYUzYpiANjggSFDM0TGtfXnhTBfRNtciDefUPwXv5YJKtuzn\/+FI2zfmDS9nIJyUrZdNbQa2Odll9ZKzVh5NaowxhiR5k95Sdac7zys70KbEsbZ4n9VNLK4NbWmdbSyvPmJdOYspl9UttVpRLErK8QfcaDvJVxR7+O0gxjqzE5\/PmtwkdEHoHvuetwWu0iKx5LSmqBs4RpYkdIT+fYd3kr\/ALpSPJ8neYjhkMxgqZVPI3eeKE1zc+c0L6epoMZzBzheYHLEnhQQaly8ZgJk5JuyI5OjTA58K6Z7cU7BA2rtAZOQyh9eSTuvH6+20tdiDlAwYeyEGMFvaJWjm2z9iPZqx4PyIkUVm9BmK9eKnQKSJlmLpFX8t2kipBoQoAE9SGODWOLCzsv38iIWHMGTnn5acQmVssrG7ER2a1wcGJqti1zuDXfLmZnTZBCpo6fsriWgpl5cQw5xTVmoEbPWRFqhyTTxXnRYwfRSl6Fyhzpnrbov35PrPwm1C0jKomNiL5mmrNmu6GFTaBSEt+RONf+npabYizwtrahrYySdHiYRhFSqn4WWkv7K1nlvAICfsqrU0zGeSkpE+kWOKgTOokMWtQITEj1ROd4CERyFaAU1EZxI+qtfbndC2P5\/QCEtBpDQRvbJtBjdmEuzO1Xb1Y3llDiOeSzEAicU\/DCnoZae8ecJTaV1Fq6raz0T2HrjmsCEOFO9SaKuVifO7RCTOP1piQd20uriqBM2ltJXVv5oDjswS7qpICqnuYTwPsbGd9j9dnyP8mdbmaxRUgtasRnhDnC2mKfoQpkStgio84AxpVwh5J0B+zKifohs8qV3mPucXQVi8KIXLi2wYWn1nT\/GxODYFC56FL1ziqEtePmyKT+RCVjXBCe6x0w1ehWLwl+nxBlj9x2UqQH0mNt+6a2O1mfDzoOGnm1bUV9FDIgYBfx\/RXk+iNwXCjwk3qwVI5q2aU3FDBQyyI7JzjrCBynl5x\/IWjj5M\/6i8J1xbEoMXB3HJRo+\/+p9XPfe9UbgbzYH9+9cjvE+jS3FGryWvJqIKwfHczBe2RsZPtmC+vT4pjcOgSgpq84PjEz7spcNpDGg+xGXhzzt8\/5eWqqY+xJWWzVqH9k0Xh7HpWn8WrCveJaavn33D2bNe8Zphqn\/O0mGRt17cHIhbpcJSWetUFU+PS3NirZjYlh9lVsYI8SaDb5YarAa8w+3cvRxQ8hofBVEYgbVues9FOTDR1Ce59ckZG44xrdjMvZR+k15yw110TdZXh6Sosfksvrn0BhuipxfMZbi7GNslsFdGtcEq5IMCqV62YKPy2lXW\/HTv4af0oIi5HTXyH4WEj7tnmPe\/GrXyEUnMU4NB1SagnvlvuNN09SlFgmr1oZj4uBRlW\/h4pqCjxPrAHQsRoPvKBwHGO1rtBS9NmTxsYJpTltjK8vrkWbUOnZsdxE51+aLIKz4NyK7FBhQ9M8NrNb5bvZ\/cN+bukSlPdnw5rosdrIS2EJeZBmemtb+J5Qc\/6WN30fK2QtuIvUozDn8w9ZxRIwq5FH9pn4LVpBu\/uiq7zFH\/9GTfAfbkaXJa\/39jvfE5Hg3oSWRSs3iw3QzepUeOzlwtXYlZdcU1XkM1b67hSU8WEbsy0GtTWesFpoIicv\/Jy0kCRFW6dwMMJGw49xR8dL6hbLswjTAYoudN3n79WY86sYcl5u\/VtSakoVcALHaK1IM+OOv\/VlLMlDn4iHKbCbnapLpv4Jq7\/zNzZXAIHb1Y0WD9KnJthRibgu9M40B3PiDiIj7g8yiu0xDD06cJpCwvTdg4Q8Sx261JdZBfMJN5cqjFxnFkVUPqTuxLCXSou+5pZLd9lmc6FzkgKb1roV2fzVh+oi9ZGHMk0U7Ty1xfE5iG0YyoIVpKDwaaZyx9Y+srYTK1bSLGS3jhxtS\/4+Cm24OgYCUnZIAbdJm0VXGd6htaMLLEQl4QdIAglfIX1oryfU3cvYuuWpaoUQoYX5QnTcVJsZTHxIhFyaezcJQwbclg3TW+Yl6mMCBvnzB9ZVFwITTzjjtqAj3vv6hIoA2hZtIpU2zI\/6zTunFIIi4dNrrIWBHVuiJ69YM\/0bqb9tswGS3zZzGqNacBgHbHu1vDpW0OXpVsIzpSYO0Pa0+Gn1WbF+zn8wKIK5u5MnPWVT1wvGFRxtT550nusIMgL\/HkfaKZJfk\/7SvVNI4iV3aDmOXuOpA7eLmuRBpyKGzMlFGZQllneaCuz1DLz65Qhcyf4CGc+mrTp3eZULBEXzB\/JLQrKV5eXlv6wKC+TFZzD5E8Qlc3pJguG2C659jjDHJe2gLIIaQoGKDLlMxdf09awTU6mQbH6EW+ON0WfkxRpSXeLJNlJW0IfRWIeRa\/TC6FEAKwpFTkByS16zOaJfkMPOC7jBXBXKRIdu4ZLk44kFxaXLxb1PiyP4AjTL2vCvVOrRNUzmdspiSPXED1vYrEnj5LUizEQ7nbslk5nZKLLnM1xy5qY7P4Emk9DEB9Oo2MNqW\/WbOTG+vYQ49ZD+I5Fk8WJnbrxuYshjGXupBfVIysILdDVXuubUYYd3xcz7IQTxuWsUWiub8pQFgPTxwTsUQ64I1wNaXPv9jElWiJ2yYhryJ11kzQ5LzBBE30SFgTJGO2c3P\/\/kbYlxhrAaSQwstp3W1Cozg0Az7F80EkHZqQZMRchmxa0eSLxMtLIEjKxQSpfcPTWZl1h9\/LdEKJvD4vZ27nyE6MGu0OyEZa31y2SYjywTAflhQZVu2ip+c6Rkwh23zyxqkrurhLMBqakk7p0I4ivXZnGHphIKozHHS8H1NXbPH\/B2ZJGXb0tYxyFizdcovOi7nCpzU70srRtZaXPKeTr081MBuJNAdJmzllkpqcQG+tR7WjRYqKxkWf1L08FfIUo66+oUg5nQu+4Fuy58vs1hy19JenVQQ9RfX3YWGeFd8qd9+asysPCKh7GEs2fA7tQ6lwqfFcWF7BLvBzb6pqcsLF6ogKUWBmY2MPJCbzPIE7f+pjgEGqMZRZtsWw6X7OySFvZlx\/Ff\/7ydClA+fSFyxNgUqxR1UMBSlyqhM2XdTAtGymqytzJ4qCLshAOA5UnM5ohm\/SAlOkgVEuFBADOUsvqJ8B7f89qVps30ijCGtS134g7Ilu8iPys0e6oqpxcYoBuCVzffoYb7CWp6hLWYkkHhaJnsOXLLfysPx41bGcSaxTjI0KMcnSufHTK5Zscx+FxGc8vSPw3GLvxIrqmg39E8ZWLJm+lfGbqg6UCU7zKdIyY5OZ\/4MPb70b1blqv9HKsWTW\/zTlFz6nsrhZxHYM6LJqq1tRlIZYUmZM28rt6aVnW2WQZprLQcwUExFSZ2pTIkuWga7v1cV1EwwDKb28nWEN9sVtZXVtpIVxp9VJN0v5L0dFSTK6Rm9ZXqNlD8sJw24082osfKHt4SfPzyAy\/2JH6zVPV3thBUCvHdf4SHqYU\/5tLeTNzeL+UqySvE+QmrLxaFMszeA3y4\/PVfaEP6dzaDkIkKRpxw+FKxaOUcZtO+Cfdi4OkyCY7QuT\/2bUgHPqt+v\/buxYex20k\/Vd0DhYYz8q9fnZ62ujgJslmsxskF2zuDlhk+w60RFsay5Iiye6ZCNnffihSD1J8SrZ7OodJkLQti8VXkSzW46uQ3IWPsd\/HfSSNqT2mGj\/VFhhDbuUgLOphtpxlpRhA6BGZXTZxAj1rrPE07rDrQpWCIHlKL5tszT6UqF+msp5pAjT97Y8gn0pRaTmDa5sWoVZUzpVWFb5jliclbYgTdkVWAZ+qg96qzUnEquiZcs7sbnqoDKDn2QiaVlsEKNIbAprNPvzrYZQXSTppQEzz0aOBnAEJNAhr\/M9NXH86NOigMa4\/vWtwQn8N6k\/7pP5UBC8DO7T1dquDgq7lBCz4EIB5BYq5xNtXYRheEnibN9PTk9kjty+8mb2SngUXY9QiY4XyXlBgMlZInSeb80de5nrtzMdnoGVIoAcNhncKH7QkjdFevgn1GD+MItB1jFioCqtQgRczVfT2z2v8z5gsnY6BNiBGWZY8PTbCOnsYQQyTRIpd6K8jchFX7VxL\/UoUIYcmDHS+nJhjfqQFQWU2ktoHQJP1uY\/QpdCofSFJxNOYGBtDi8n6tRiv++QtkYh8r0t5Mqr2qX7BGNxcXrfBKw3FsqoHXDLqpDBd94z+VOGc8fbluUSC42FTakUaU3ogGhtsW2Gl7erhOARyINqoMm6kGH7NxVlV8WhLTtI8TQ2yiTUJm9VGQ2qEo4B+KvsjcljT7hvA3Grcq7VuHdEcv5\/4GKcg8oPes977iiTtuMnS9L1qoLaGkOHOwt1QNijH0MoWcpGrk7SCJjqjY00fKC8kAQozIDfW9zToIA4oFMgUa6B7nnAmidV0KgqGN7M5PmgyVvVEL2jazSVcVN8Hm1G0AjrQ14jKvgm5yXcfe0lWpTg4xj4mk9L9SbVD15PYbFmkXEOmYWjJvc5iN2M7V0Vp9cYbYEl8hIW6L4dy0OS93BdjUfM1w+eD65Dnpq2FUubwVEaYw83VK15R++DUOsF2hMvJJMLVyDYpKcLqgWTo+wPXGvmfQcm4JcrblVTrZpGK7xJerzYKjAg7r13F8\/v7Dd4mGVb\/TuVVuaVBUds90Ue\/CuZusHBTN4ncY+RGoetHrl+4vu9uQxz5OS5c6j48lkK26IkTomOrqOUIO3WFZesSbZdjKcKOvcqqbd3mWBRJ7CI3jNNj4VbwqHWmkJ8LtCFi\/ePYdntpuN56O4mwFLvZBoFhNVZ9kbsrRniCN3IOmuwixQ+B4jmOkIqWv7fMJilvZKuRwo0eatvooXBef\/IbjVRY1J\/S5lMc1Xoo2u2qk7RLtJWigsmQzVI5qPxB0DKBooAAU0ICSTtZLufrfkmyFXUpEtvAaIDPuiBXCMqqN1N56tiInFrFMT9PN95InlYCDpMR3L6ZwKpCEFwVcdr4VPSHebK8yZkQKAwGcOszl3Sz8qUmeteHUR6jNA+SQkxoj\/JAntAeZvWaOe179CdInoy7IpsYXgzKmY\/VpJ0kKvtkaQR1ymQbFnWyRgLTLk\/YqK02Cu2qJe49vMhjWEkUQeGjB\/LUjNtdz53tbbkatJ0FYoZyMopphDwsZCvggOw7PEsf8P0DjG6xX8yh3mlyOEliV9L5Wvy8bUDa7I+\/\/jnqF7wcwHMF+MCb8lqvxp185VeKto0wJAYx4SzaSnyTXVSabgH2uw3s1T2PMgu0wYpwaY0uYQH9dMvDbnNzOr3WIWa8J5kxC7nD3eyrUQ1djeDSG0+oKu8Q0b6DdXHXPb94NQ1d7ROFUNer8Sh\/RRpArDf3XoC9PfbHYyPj9jivtRXRE\/2pNPnvAB2aBN7k5hvhSRSLqW\/nXiCihi7sUUMV\/mOK9B3QKUnOKvXauMxiuMg6qEZoafKwm+RegA\/43iGmSMdH2V4xFD4qcG8xXEWrGLxZzcb9hHjV+VfE9k1Q+TlKOUOM9r81wei9HKZZNUxjA\/fa4+TbFDH8CTdCmvUpN593SgXGpogB1EhM381vsrc6Aufs81DcD3O0ibAv31nrX02If9biTTPeVQnlJrWT8rL69WYJdGM6zUWqxOIUKK\/hTpQV1f+lrElfw7GvfsmiZgahj6sY6BqqVb0iVZBPZqnF2PUAj7SCg+RfEljHKPTyWFf2ydmqVOwQBOgupqcnd3GnSiYY4ckBhbG2lk4eSntB+9T7StLFFrbauslmNdng4gnj2AJy9lKRDcA8QfIUl1b+kyZ9WwfPvgGYQ3mKPVhfRZjcO3PnT85MErVkTOzL+rNYmhVom6hq6JD4+GG0i5INLAk2r+2aj05LUTz5oKN3AZX4RK0TJ1U4tNelIUXyH9Y2eG9khaT9aa2PObAPMQ1Uw157LrC\/qI0NUG21QyGJ07kmXIgpu8tQoXXgt2LzmlokCa3qSuHMjWGuIrfniMAdYtzDLX1mfRE87L8g9xqiAQoLqsVHUTIuT9grkmyCt9t6eia5hyKQYmhlSoqVv1+AUvwwysJ4N3r8gjqYK6pSjj7tt9gSdd1ORb2iyWL\/16S15amwpBoTffSCkij42ZN4cX5K9aaMpth1GnPRSdL3BMrbFO\/GLaTv14OZEAwT2rgP3WJSx4QIUR7G6EzB1GTrokg2kw2Ocm0KF2nku+XhJU0QT\/yPwOVnWzRR9wwQ2mS2lKGZkjTUA1J7MJP\/jHqyRdfJCeZFcq0TLS+KaDvFAP+aJAetc7w0JJUbOB3i6XxsyqyjaRdzG1K7yENPI6STyAqF48QkTgo8HBVubkKFm0sMlRwWnPOaF28hxy2BijDGLb4YzQTDrroJqHZy+PgwihLkk81cBFYRYA9V6VOZ58LyX6lEwHs\/zF5lRTQ2NoyhqScpoYKzLMlGj6JrtuiOvVJybehj29scbybkLxTdKwYLqt43U6pKZUjSChhttfQO2N72VObKxRm3PKP+Ri9tB+WAkDkig8RFXw\/N35TOM+awZnFwB1ZWRN1sOV077aKnG4oq7FnVgkiRS0A4CgX7sYpiZqdqeeMFJvu6sgbHLwZyCpT1y0uOYJ559upyAddSYFRG1ukytMAIaodglYvKKR+2p8mtxPxOJw0XMiUioo2qFn9f\/D+QTsO8KLtI6Cec0aCGyQYH6BTC6MK+h8JYbLeqVYe0+FBabI+XMLkAk5QI7iFHOGJVgBVW6wo2EaPjiiT1QGdcAMW0tw7QOvGFndoBhqU2oMo8jdSMHm7mqn3NWusKtZ9jFYHy9prw2jt7kifbwhI4apG+J67hdjdsXvbStE6oZ9KvIjpyV1VPhoVgKzc5PC1WFz04VV6deXlO7k7j+UU0Ft3ImyFbTuOsWPkqFolzwlm4\/QCytzJ2xfGTolB7Lj4xYIdrszVybdJe0mft9l5xk7J6ibqKUSkpimXg\/t1vGzMI5EDRqfN1maVJ\/dY75R3FunZmiwuiapGslMsLOjDZ2PvET9WO8OtzHJyjjPVBNYfRqfwiLGR1w3Kh8PVGP75zzsbm7tS91feGv6tNnkMRqOvrr5j5WbSXyW6y0\/VFlxOR8bowfgS\/QQoavHrzRjs0KhiyyvVzgBAqxhNM1cEm1PX5jKnhjMHWxmwVXx9qZy5VMEmh\/KFxAxOkSTs\/Ka0Uu83kMfCCk5QxA15tQNf5GfU13PLGZADbmem0u1r97Uyvv52NTb3jFLXSzAmSPIidG\/6tlmGjsFTid85sTkFXd8645i1XvhrPAf6BqD0BomfdoPmoEWebQPXtMYpYHeM2fI99CSTFfLb8fHm3uF3eCteu01PX3H0Kuk\/8U2CbF04Cu6q9C\/dX0vGdv4f\/516GcVzadE0RL7tN+\/kckuVwa59Tt6mCOMkpJdRugAIB8+sLSs\/UBbDtzxzIo+h9nIc7giDefCHG1i6zSwrjpJxMcPIplLhfKDFO5KHE8FwXSkx\/7xtKjBNVKLF9xHBLo0fEME56RP22NXSjfoeH+zacaR3ui5OrhPuuL5UfHSeKGGGcKGKEoUeK56oYYZyAIu6MIGGcXDpImPa76iXtU9XMi0QJE\/K82r\/lHUWBZ4sSJv08qCb9vCjhigtM4bfT33XwbdXJs4NvpXRA8I8i7I8eXdsiOC\/gZIUy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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n1xb2iv9.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"gcri\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> \u00b7 Energy Nexus<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Optimisation for energy systems<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Optimisation and operations research decide how energy <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> are built and run at least cost within physical and policy limits: which plants to build, how to dispatch them, how much storage and transmission to add, and in what order to restore service after a failure.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/stem\/\">Back to STEM foundation of Energy Nexus<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"energy\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Register<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Optimisation for energy systems on the record.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"console\"><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Method record<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">STEM method<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Method<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Optimisation and operations research<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Steward<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/systems-modelling\/\">Systems Science and Modelling<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Applied in<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Energy Nexus<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Data<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"#nx-sec-data\">4 inputs<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Checks<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"#nx-sec-checks\">3 validation steps<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Canonical page<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/optimization\/\">STEM Commons<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-application\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Application<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What optimisation and operations research does here.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Optimisation and operations research develop mathematical methods for allocating resources and making decisions under constraints. They support planning and logistics in complex, interconnected <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. In energy, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 critical-infrastructure\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Physical and digital assets, systems and networks whose disruption would seriously affect health, safety, security, economic welfare or the functioning of government. Criticality depends on what relies on them.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">critical infrastructure<\/a> and climate and hazards, optimisation supports prepositioning of supplies, network investment and recovery sequencing. Robust formulations help choose options that perform acceptably across many scenarios. The canonical description is on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/optimization\/\">the STEM Commons<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cols\"><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m12.83 2.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 6.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.83l8.58 3.91a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0l8.58-3.9a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.83Z\"\/><path d=\"m22 17.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 17.65\"\/><path d=\"m22 12.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 12.65\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Capacity expansion planning<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">A model chooses generation, storage and transmission investments over decades to meet demand across many weather years, with reliability and emissions constraints stated.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 12h-2.48a2 2 0 0 0-1.93 1.46l-2.35 8.36a.25.25 0 0 1-.48 0L9.24 2.18a.25.25 0 0 0-.48 0l-2.35 8.36A2 2 0 0 1 4.49 12H2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Unit commitment and dispatch<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Hourly scheduling of plants and storage against forecast demand and renewable output shows operating costs, reserve margins and curtailment under each scenario.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M9 19h8.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 0 0-7h-11a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 0-7H15\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Restoration sequencing<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Crews, spare parts and switching operations are scheduled so that critical loads are restored first, subject to road access and network constraints.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-instrument\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-ns-layout=\"es-wide\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">A cascade through interdependent networks.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">A <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 hazard-footprint\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The mapped area and intensity field of a particular hazard event, used to overlay exposure and compute consequences.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">hazard footprint<\/a> takes out co-located assets in every layer; fragmentation, dependency between layers and overload of the survivors then spread the failure. The 3D view separates the layers by depth. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-in nx-fk\" id=\"nx-in-energy-nexus-stem-optimization-0\" data-nxi=\"cascade\" data-nxi-id=\"cascade\" data-nxi-z=\"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\" aria-label=\"A cascade through interdependent networks\"><div class=\"nx-in-body\"><div class=\"nx-in-main\"><div class=\"nx-in-tabs\" data-nxi-tabs=\"true\" aria-label=\"Views of the model\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"result\">Result<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"layers\">Layers in 3D<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"fan\">Uncertainty<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"tornado\">Sensitivity<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"loops\">Loops<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-stage\" id=\"nx-in-energy-nexus-stem-optimization-0-stage\" data-nxi-stage=\"true\" data-view=\"result\"><svg class=\"nx-in-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 720 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Cascade by layer\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-in-tip\" data-nxi-tip=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><div class=\"nx-in-bar\" data-nxi-bar=\"true\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Play over time\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-prev=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step back\">&#8249;<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-play=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Play<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-next=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step forward\">&#8250;<\/button><span class=\"nx-in-step\" data-nxi-step=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-side\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><div class=\"nx-in-ctl\" data-nxi-ctl=\"true\"><dl class=\"nx-in-pv\"><div><dt>Assets per layer<\/dt><dd>18<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Hazard footprint<\/dt><dd>8% of area<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Assets that depend on another layer<\/dt><dd>60%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Spare capacity (tolerance)<\/dt><dd>30%<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Readouts<\/p><dl class=\"nx-in-out\" data-nxi-out=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><div><dt>Assets hit by the hazard<\/dt><dd>19%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Assets still working<\/dt><dd>31%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Amplification of the initial damage<\/dt><dd>3.7 times<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Steps to settle<\/dt><dd>2<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><details class=\"nx-in-more\"><summary>Numbers, methods and sources<\/summary><div class=\"nx-in-more-in\"><div class=\"nx-in-tblw\" data-nxi-table=\"true\"><table class=\"nx-in-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Power working (%)<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Gas working (%)<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Telecoms working (%)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">0<\/th><td>83<\/td><td>72<\/td><td>89<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">1<\/th><td>50<\/td><td>39<\/td><td>39<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">2<\/th><td>50<\/td><td>33<\/td><td>11<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-csv=\"true\" hidden>Download the numbers (CSV)<\/button><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Methods<\/h4><ol class=\"nx-in-meth\"><li>Interdependent networks <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Buldyrev and others (2010), Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks, Nature 464<\/span><\/li><li>Overload cascades <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Motter and Lai (2002), Physical Review E 66<\/span><\/li><li>Betweenness load <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Brandes (2001), Journal of Mathematical Sociology 25<\/span><\/li><li>Multilayer networks <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Kivela and others (2014), Journal of Complex Networks 2<\/span><\/li><li>Infrastructure interdependencies <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Rinaldi, Peerenboom and Kelly (2001), IEEE Control Systems 21(6)<\/span><\/li><li>Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333<\/span><\/li><li>One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley<\/span><\/li><\/ol><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Data<\/h4><p class=\"nx-p\">The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page&#8217;s map can draw:<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-src\"><li>Major roads <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Railways <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Seaports <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Airports <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Urban extents <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">NASA\/NOAA VIIRS (Suomi NPP) \u00b7 register nasa.gibs.context-live-layers<\/span><\/li><li>Natural events (NASA EONET) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">NASA EONET \u00b7 register nasa.eonet.events<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\">A cascade through interdependent networks. Illustrative teaching model: it runs on the values set by the controls, not on measured data. Methods: Interdependent networks (Buldyrev and others (2010), Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks, Nature 464); Overload cascades (Motter and Lai (2002), Physical Review E 66); Betweenness load (Brandes (2001), Journal of Mathematical Sociology 25).<\/figcaption><div class=\"nx-in-pls\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-pl\" aria-label=\"Where this instrument connects across the pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Experiments<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Built in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/foundry\/\">Energy Nexus in Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Tested at<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/universe\/\">Energy Nexus in Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Codified in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/energy-infrastructure\/\">Energy and Critical Infrastructure in Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Published in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/reports\/\">Energy Nexus in Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Taught in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/infrastructure-energy\/\">Faculty of Infrastructure, Energy and Industry in Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><span class=\"nx-in-keep\" hidden><i data-c=\"c1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c4\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c6\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"h3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"neg\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"0\"><\/i><i data-l=\"1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"2\"><\/i><i data-l=\"3\"><\/i><i data-l=\"4\"><\/i><i data-l=\"5\"><\/i><i data-on=\"0\"><\/i><i data-on=\"1\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"p\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"n\"><\/i><i data-k=\"R\"><\/i><i data-k=\"B\"><\/i><i data-k=\"dash\"><\/i><i data-dash=\"true\"><\/i><i data-view=\"result\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"on\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"off\"><\/i><i class=\"nx-in-svg nx-in-grid nx-in-ax nx-in-tk nx-in-at nx-in-ln nx-in-band nx-in-lbl nx-in-lk nx-in-ref nx-in-reft nx-in-mk nx-in-x nx-in-rect nx-in-val nx-in-rowl nx-in-cl nx-in-arrow nx-in-pol nx-in-cln nx-in-loop nx-in-edge nx-in-node nx-in-nl nx-in-reach nx-in-trib nx-in-agent nx-in-flow nx-in-legend nx-in-sw nx-in-note nx-in-loops nx-in-3d nx-in-cv nx-in-field nx-in-fl nx-in-fv nx-in-range nx-in-btn nx-in-err nx-in-tbl nx-in-cite\"><\/i><\/span><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-data\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"energy\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What the method consumes.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Datasets and records used by optimisation and operations research on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/research\/sources\/\">the source register<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"register\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Data<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Technology cost and performance assumptions<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Investment and operating costs<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Hourly demand and weather-driven generation series<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Operating conditions<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Network topology and transfer limits<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Transmission constraints<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Policy targets and constraints<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Emissions and reliability limits<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">DECLARED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"data\" data-nxf-kind=\"data\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G03\/stem\/optimization\/#data\" data-nxf-title=\"Method record\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G03\/stem\/optimization\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-signature\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sector signature<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The sector signature of optimisation for energy systems.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The sectors optimisation for energy <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig\" data-nx-sig=\"WEIF\" data-sig-name=\"Energy and its partners\" data-sig-line=\"Energy gives power for transport and telecoms to infrastructure (0.8), pumping and treatment to water (0.5) and fertiliser, machinery and cold chains to food (0.5).\" data-sig-inst=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-plate\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Signatures in context\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span>Select corners \u00b7 hover lines<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">6 \/ 15 relations<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sector signature hexagon: Water, Energy, Infrastructure and Food selected, 6 of 15 relations in play, coupling 0.46. Teaching values.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Signature<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Energy and its partners<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Energy gives power for transport and telecoms to infrastructure (0.8), pumping and treatment to water (0.5) and fertiliser, machinery and cold chains to food (0.5).<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>W<\/span> \u00b7 <span>E<\/span> \u00b7 <span>I<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">H<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">B<\/span><\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Sectors<\/dt><dd><strong>4<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Relations<\/dt><dd><strong>6<\/strong> <small>of 15<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coupling<\/dt><dd><strong>0.46<\/strong> <small>share of total<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><h3 class=\"nx-nsig-dh\">Strongest relations in play<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-nsig-rel\"><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Energy \u2192 Infrastructure<\/b> \u00b7 power for transport and telecoms<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.8<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Energy<\/b> \u00b7 cooling water and hydropower<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"6\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.6<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Food<\/b> \u00b7 irrigation<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.8<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Infrastructure \u2192 Water<\/b> \u00b7 pipes, dams and treatment works<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"6\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.6<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"all\">Select all<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-sig-act=\"copy\">Copy signature<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements for any place. Coupling is the summed strength of the relations in play, as a share of all fifteen.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-label=\"Validation, Methods and evidence, Connections\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Validation, Methods and evidence, Connections\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-checks\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Validation<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-audience\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Methods and evidence<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-connections\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Connections<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-checks\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Validation<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How results are checked.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Solutions are checked for feasibility, tested through simulation and compared with historical decisions. <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 sensitivity-analysis\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Testing how much a model's outputs change when inputs or assumptions change, to identify which drive results.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Sensitivity analysis<\/a> examines how results change with parameters.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Check<\/th><th scope=\"col\">How it is done<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Operational feasibility<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Every plan is re-run in an hourly operational simulation to confirm it meets demand and reserve requirements<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Sensitivity and robustness<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Results are tested across cost, weather and demand assumptions; robust options are reported beside the least-cost plan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Open model comparison<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Results are compared with open energy system models used in published intercomparison studies<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Optimal solutions can be fragile when assumptions are wrong. Objectives may omit values that are hard to quantify.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"energy\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and evidence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How optimisation for energy systems is modelled, measured and tested.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"science\" data-au-n=\"1\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"system-model\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">System model<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">The couplings between the systems in optimisation for energy systems: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.<\/p><div class=\"nx-au-fig\"><svg class=\"nx-au-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 560 250\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Causal loop diagram of Energy, Critical infrastructure, Climate, Communities, Economy\" focusable=\"false\"><line class=\"nx-au-ac\" x1=\"280\" y1=\"32\" x2=\"398.6\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"339.3\" y=\"57.71\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"280\" y1=\"32\" x2=\"206.7\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"398.6\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"353.3\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"375.95\" y=\"135.5\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"398.6\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"161.4\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"353.3\" y1=\"187.58\" x2=\"206.7\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"280\" y=\"183.58\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u2212<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"206.7\" y1=\"187.58\" x2=\"161.4\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"184.05\" y=\"135.5\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"161.4\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"280\" y2=\"32\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"220.7\" y=\"57.71\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd nx-au-nd-ac\" cx=\"280.0\" cy=\"32.0\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"20\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Energy<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd nx-au-nd-ac\" cx=\"398.6\" cy=\"91.4\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"410.6\" y=\"95.42\" text-anchor=\"start\">Critical infrastructure<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"353.3\" cy=\"187.6\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"365.3\" y=\"205.58\" text-anchor=\"start\">Climate<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"206.7\" cy=\"187.6\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"194.7\" y=\"205.58\" text-anchor=\"end\">Communities<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"161.4\" cy=\"91.4\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"149.4\" y=\"95.42\" text-anchor=\"end\">Economy<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"114\" text-anchor=\"middle\">R  reinforcing<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"280\" y=\"132\" text-anchor=\"middle\">B  balancing<\/text><\/svg><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Causal loop diagram from the page&#8217;s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">FAIR guiding principles \u00b7 GO FAIR and FORCE11<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">W3C PROV \u00b7 World Wide Web Consortium<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Guidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties \u00b7 IPCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">CEOS Analysis Ready Data \u00b7 Committee on Earth Observation Satellites<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-connections\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connections<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Topics that rely on this method.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/topics\/energy-security\/\"><span>Energy security<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/topics\/power-grids-and-interconnection\/\"><span>Power grids and interconnection<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/topics\/renewables-and-storage\/\"><span>Renewables and storage<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/topics\/heat-and-cooling\/\"><span>Heat and cooling<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/topics\/hydropower-and-water\/\"><span>Hydropower and water<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/topics\/industrial-energy-systems\/\"><span>Industrial energy systems<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/topics\/grid-disruption-and-recovery\/\"><span>Grid disruption and recovery<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-label=\"Stewardship, Connected, Questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Stewardship, Connected, Questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-stewardship\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Stewardship<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-10-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Connected<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-11-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-stewardship\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Stewardship<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who maintains the method.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/systems-modelling\/\">Systems Science and Modelling<\/a> stewards optimisation and operations research for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/optimization\/\">Canonical page: Optimisation and operations research<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-10-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"energy\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connected<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page leads across the Consortium.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/systems-modelling\/stem\/optimization\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Steward platform<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Optimisation methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Systems Science and Modelling stewards this method.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-11-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>What are the limits of optimisation and operations research in this field?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Optimal solutions can be fragile when assumptions are wrong. Objectives may omit values that are hard to quantify.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How are results checked?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Solutions are checked for feasibility, tested through simulation and compared with historical decisions. Sensitivity analysis examines how results change with parameters.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Are the values on this page real?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. The canvas shows a design of the method&#8217;s use, not a run; no result is reported here.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Where else is this method applied?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/optimization\/\">canonical method page<\/a> lists every platform that applies it.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Energy Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Sector Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Strategic Systems<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Scenario and Stress-Test<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. 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Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/energy-nexus\/stem\/optimization#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. 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An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/write-to-us\/research-collaboration\/\">Propose a method <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-legal-13\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Legal<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-legal-13\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Legal documents.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Legal documents\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/terms\/\">Platform Terms of Use <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/privacy\/\">Platform Privacy Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/cookies\/\">Platform Cookie and Storage Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/legal-notice\/\">Legal Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/acceptable-use\/\">Acceptable Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/participation-terms\/\">Participation and Events Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/contribution-terms\/\">Contribution Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/research-and-data-terms\/\">Research and Data Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/ai-use\/\">AI-use Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/intellectual-property\/\">Intellectual Property and Licensing <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/trademark-policy\/\">Trademark and Name Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/disclaimer\/\">Disclaimers and Data Notices <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/corrections\/\">Corrections and Right of Reply Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/complaints-and-integrity\/\">Complaints and integrity reporting <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/security\/\">Security and responsible disclosure <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/code-of-conduct\/\">Code of Conduct <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/trust\/accessibility\/\">Accessibility Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/third-party-notices\/\">Third-party notices and attributions <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Maps, data and figures on this site are shown for context and general information. 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