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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n6hdz2xa.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"gcri\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> \u00b7 Energy Nexus<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Energy security<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Energy security is the uninterrupted availability of energy at a price society can bear, and its dimensions move separately: physical adequacy of supply, reliability of delivery, diversity of fuels and routes, affordability, and whether households and services have access at all. This page sets out how insecurity develops, how adequacy and access are measured, and which evidence the ministries, regulators and operators who hold the decisions use.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/topics\/\">Back to Topics<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"energy\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Register<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Energy security on the record.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"dossier\"><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Dossier<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Energy Nexus \u00b7 topic<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-question\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">The question<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">4 mechanisms<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-field\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Field<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">hexagonal field plate<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-indicators\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Indicators<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">8<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-sources\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">8<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-decisions\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Decision holders<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">4<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-methods\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">5<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-question\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The question<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Energy security: how the risk develops.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Supply adequacy, access and reliability. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"2\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m12.83 2.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 6.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.83l8.58 3.91a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0l8.58-3.9a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.83Z\"\/><path d=\"m22 17.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 17.65\"\/><path d=\"m22 12.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 12.65\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Adequacy is probabilistic<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">A system is adequate when available capacity, storage, demand response and imports meet demand with an accepted risk of shortfall. Adequacy is stated as an expected loss of load, not a yes or no, and it depends on weather, plant outages and imports failing together.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect x=\"16\" y=\"16\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" rx=\"1\"\/><rect x=\"2\" y=\"16\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" rx=\"1\"\/><rect x=\"9\" y=\"2\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" rx=\"1\"\/><path d=\"M5 16v-3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h12a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v3\"\/><path d=\"M12 12V8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Concentration creates exposure<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Dependence on one fuel, one supplier, one pipeline or one shipping strait turns a distant disruption into a domestic <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h60\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 sys.supply-chain.supply-disruption\" data-tk=\"Systemic and compound events \u00b7 Supply-chain and flow disruption\" data-td=\"A break in the flow of goods or materials between producers and users that stops production or leaves shortages.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H60\" data-tr=\"draft\">shortage<\/a>. Diversity of sources and routes, and the stocks held in reserve, decide how far the shock travels.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"8\" cy=\"8\" r=\"6\"\/><path d=\"M18.09 10.37A6 6 0 1 1 10.34 18\"\/><path d=\"M7 6h1v4\"\/><path d=\"m16.71 13.88.7.71-2.82 2.82\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Price transmits the shock<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">A supply disruption appears first as a spike in wholesale fuel and power prices, then in household bills, industrial costs, subsidy budgets and the balance of payments. Affordability failures can cut access as surely as a physical shortfall.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M16 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M22 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87\"\/><path d=\"M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Access failures persist<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Where households lack electricity or clean cooking, clinics, water pumping and schools depend on fuel deliveries and small generators. Insecurity there is chronic rather than episodic, and it compounds every other hazard that arrives.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Energy now in Europe.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Night lights, population density and land cover over Europe, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"europe:energy\" data-ml-src=\"energy\" data-ml-plan=\"p-ace1e566\" data-ml-chart=\"f.power\" data-ml-view=\"2d\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:energy\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.energy.ntl gibs.health.people gibs.energy.solar gibs.water.true gibs.food.cover gibs.energy.lst r.dnb r.dist r.hls f.power f.ens f.era5 r.labels r.airt\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect measure compare aoi export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-energy\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-energy\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"-25,34,45,71\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"Energy now, Europe: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"ntl,people||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Lights and people<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"ntl||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Night lights<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"people||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Population<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"solar||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Solar resource<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">3<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">Energy now, for this page<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"ntl\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.9\" data-wm-short=\"Night lights\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LAADS DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite radiance, corrected for moonlight and atmosphere\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Night-time lights, daily<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LAADS DAAC VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ntl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"nW\/(cm\u00b2 sr)\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"ntl\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.energy.ntl\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) (NASA LAADS DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LAADS DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite radiance, corrected for moonlight and atmosphere<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite night-time radiance for the date shown; lights are a proxy for electricity use and outages, not a measurement of supply or access.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"people\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Population density\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)\" data-wm-kind=\"Census-based estimate, static (2020)\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Population density, 2020<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University) Gridded Population of the World v4.11 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"estimated\" data-wm-lic=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-wm-unit=\"people\/km\u00b2\">Estimated<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"people\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.people\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Estimated<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University))<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>null; Census-based estimate, static (2020)<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Census-based estimate of people per square kilometre in 2020, shown as exposure context; not a count of people affected by any hazard.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"solar\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Surface sunlight\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA GMAO \/ GES DISC\" data-wm-kind=\"Reanalysis model; latest month GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Incoming sunlight at the surface over land, monthly mean<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA GMAO \/ GES DISC MERRA-2 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"solar\">July 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"W\/m\u00b2\">Modelled (latest month GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"solar\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.energy.solar\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest month GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MERRA-2 (NASA GMAO \/ GES DISC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA GMAO \/ GES DISC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>monthly; Reanalysis model; latest month GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-07-01<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Reanalysis model estimate of monthly mean incoming sunlight over land; an indicator of solar resource, not a site yield assessment.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"4\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.6\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite image\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">True colour<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"true\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.true\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite image<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"cover\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"24\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.7\" data-wm-short=\"Land cover\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land cover type (IGBP), yearly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"class\">Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"cover\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.cover\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2024-01-01<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"lst\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"25\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Land temperature\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite retrieval; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land surface temperature, day<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"lst\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"\u00b0C\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"lst\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.energy.lst\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite retrieval; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite skin temperature of the ground on the day shown, an indicator of cooling demand; not air temperature or a heat warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" aria-label=\"Map controls\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-open\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-panel\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Layers\" 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3v10M3 8h10\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"out\" aria-label=\"Zoom out\" title=\"Zoom out\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 8h10\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"reset\" aria-label=\"Reset the view\" title=\"Reset the view\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.2 8a4.8 4.8 0 1 0 1.5-3.5M3.2 2.6v2.6h2.6\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"full\" aria-label=\"Full screen\" title=\"Full screen\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M2.5 6l0-3.5 3.5 0m7.5 3.5 0-3.5-3.5 0m-7.5 7.5 0 3.5 3.5 0m7.5-3.5 0 3.5-3.5 0\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-menu\" id=\"nx-wm-menu\" role=\"menu\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"inspect\">Inspect a point<kbd>I<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"measure\">Measure distance<kbd>M<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"compare\">Compare two dates<kbd>C<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"share\">Copy a link to this view<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"png\">Export as PNG with credits<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"xt\" data-wm-xt=\"NxAjSJ6JoGGZsXu22d+kvA4nR9AJ6Njy+\/Xy2FIyELw=\">More expert tools<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\">Keyboard shortcuts<kbd>?<\/kbd><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-keys\" role=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Keyboard shortcuts\" hidden><p class=\"nx-wm-keys-title\">Keyboard, with the map focused<\/p><dl class=\"nx-wm-keys-list\"><\/dl><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-keys-close\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\" aria-label=\"Close the shortcuts\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-hint\" hidden>Hold Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll to zoom<\/p><p class=\"nx-wm-toolbar\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-tip\" role=\"tooltip\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin\" hidden><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-pin-title\"><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"unpin\" aria-label=\"Close the card\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-chart\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-body\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-dock\"><div class=\"nx-wm-time\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Imagery date\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"prev\" aria-label=\"One day earlier\">\u2039<\/button><p class=\"nx-wm-time-label\">Latest available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Energy now, framed on Europe.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET \u00b7 NASA\/NOAA VIIRS \u00b7 NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.water-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.laads.black-marble\">VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"sedac.gpw-v4\">Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7927\/H49C6VHW\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.7927\/H49C6VHW<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gmao.merra2\">MERRA-2 reanalysis, NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office; distributed by the NASA GES DISC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.modis-viirs.land\">MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li><\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA\/NOAA VIIRS (Suomi NPP). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>Past year, daily temperature (ERA5 via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information 2026.<\/li><li>Past year, daily temperature and sunshine (NASA POWER): These data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) POWER Project funded through the NASA Earth Science\/Applied Science Program..<\/li><li>Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https:\/\/open-meteo.com\/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/).<\/li><li>Optional layers (10 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ntl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/li><li>Incoming sunlight at the surface over land, monthly mean: MERRA-2, NASA GMAO \/ GES DISC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"solar\">July 2026<\/span><\/li><li>True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/li><li>Land surface temperature, day: VIIRS NOAA-20, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"lst\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G03\/topics\/energy-security\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Energy Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"energy\" aria-label=\"Couplings, Monitor, Reports, standards and contributions, Simulator\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Couplings, Monitor, Reports, standards and contributions, Simulator\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-couplings\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Couplings<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-5-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Monitor<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-standards\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-instrument\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Simulator<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-couplings\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"energy\" data-variant=\"band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Couplings<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Energy security as an input to every other life-support system.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th>Domain<\/th><th>How it couples here<\/th><th>What to watch<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Water<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Pumping, treatment and desalination stop without affordable power. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/topics\/water-utilities\/\">water utilities<\/a>.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Utility fuel and power cost exposure<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Food<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Fertiliser, transport and processing carry energy prices into food prices. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/food-trade-and-markets\/\">food trade and markets<\/a>.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Pass-through from gas to fertiliser to grain prices<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Health<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Hospitals, cold chains and heating or cooling of homes depend on energy access. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/healthcare-infrastructure\/\">healthcare infrastructure<\/a>.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h59\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 soc.economic.energy-poverty\" data-tk=\"Society, conflict and economy \u00b7 Economic shocks and governance failure\" data-td=\"Households unable to afford or access enough energy for heating, cooling, cooking and light, raising cold and heat deaths and pushing people to unsafe fuels.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H59\" data-tr=\"draft\">Energy poverty<\/a> indicators; facility electrification<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Biodiversity<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Fuel wood and charcoal demand rise when modern fuels are unaffordable.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Household fuel mix<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-p\">The International Energy Agency defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordable price. Its members commit to hold oil stocks equivalent to at least 90 days of the previous year&#8217;s net imports, and the European Union set gas storage obligations under Regulation 2022\/1032 after the 2022 gas crisis. The World Energy Outlook 2025 sets the current global context.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-5-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Monitor<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Grid contingency board.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The screen a team would use to follow this subject: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-energy-contingency\" data-cx=\"energy.contingency\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Grid contingency board: illustrative console with example names and values\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Grid contingency board: the screen&#8217;s structure, terms and states for Energy security.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-standards\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Energy security evidence and where it is designed to go.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Energy security analyses are designed for the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/series\/strategic-systems\/\">Strategic Systems series<\/a> and, for national studies, the Country <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk and Resilience series. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) advises no government on supply contracts and forecasts no prices. Supply and stock series would carry NS-3 record identifiers under the proposed <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ecosystem\/standards\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a>.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Import dependence and route data for a country, with sources.<\/li><li>Historical supply disruption cases and how they were managed.<\/li><li>Household energy access survey results.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-instrument\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"energy\" data-ns-layout=\"es-wide\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">A cascade through interdependent networks.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">A <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 hazard-footprint\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The mapped area and intensity field of a particular hazard event, used to overlay exposure and compute consequences.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">hazard footprint<\/a> takes out co-located assets in every layer; fragmentation, dependency between layers and overload of the survivors then spread the failure. The 3D view separates the layers by depth. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows Europe; the model itself is not tied to a place.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-in nx-fk\" id=\"nx-in-energy-nexus-topics-energy-security-0\" data-nxi=\"cascade\" data-nxi-id=\"cascade\" data-nxi-z=\"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\" aria-label=\"A cascade through interdependent networks\"><div class=\"nx-in-body\"><div class=\"nx-in-main\"><div class=\"nx-in-tabs\" data-nxi-tabs=\"true\" aria-label=\"Views of the model\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"result\">Result<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"layers\">Layers in 3D<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"fan\">Uncertainty<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"tornado\">Sensitivity<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"loops\">Loops<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-stage\" id=\"nx-in-energy-nexus-topics-energy-security-0-stage\" data-nxi-stage=\"true\" data-view=\"result\"><svg class=\"nx-in-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 720 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Cascade by layer\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-in-tip\" data-nxi-tip=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><div class=\"nx-in-bar\" data-nxi-bar=\"true\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Play over time\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-prev=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step back\">&#8249;<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-play=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Play<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-next=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step forward\">&#8250;<\/button><span class=\"nx-in-step\" data-nxi-step=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-side\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><div class=\"nx-in-ctl\" data-nxi-ctl=\"true\"><dl class=\"nx-in-pv\"><div><dt>Assets per layer<\/dt><dd>18<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Hazard footprint<\/dt><dd>8% of area<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Assets that depend on another layer<\/dt><dd>60%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Spare capacity (tolerance)<\/dt><dd>30%<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Readouts<\/p><dl class=\"nx-in-out\" data-nxi-out=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><div><dt>Assets hit by the hazard<\/dt><dd>6%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Assets still working<\/dt><dd>30%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Amplification of the initial damage<\/dt><dd>12.7 times<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Steps to settle<\/dt><dd>3<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><details class=\"nx-in-more\"><summary>Numbers, methods and sources<\/summary><div class=\"nx-in-more-in\"><div class=\"nx-in-tblw\" data-nxi-table=\"true\"><table class=\"nx-in-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Power working (%)<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Gas working (%)<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Telecoms working (%)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">0<\/th><td>94<\/td><td>94<\/td><td>94<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">1<\/th><td>67<\/td><td>50<\/td><td>56<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">2<\/th><td>39<\/td><td>17<\/td><td>44<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">3<\/th><td>33<\/td><td>17<\/td><td>39<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-csv=\"true\" hidden>Download the numbers (CSV)<\/button><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Methods<\/h4><ol class=\"nx-in-meth\"><li>Interdependent networks <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Buldyrev and others (2010), Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks, Nature 464<\/span><\/li><li>Overload cascades <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Motter and Lai (2002), Physical Review E 66<\/span><\/li><li>Betweenness load <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Brandes (2001), Journal of Mathematical Sociology 25<\/span><\/li><li>Multilayer networks <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Kivela and others (2014), Journal of Complex Networks 2<\/span><\/li><li>Infrastructure interdependencies <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Rinaldi, Peerenboom and Kelly (2001), IEEE Control Systems 21(6)<\/span><\/li><li>Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333<\/span><\/li><li>One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley<\/span><\/li><\/ol><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Data<\/h4><p class=\"nx-p\">The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page&#8217;s map can draw:<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-src\"><li>Major roads <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Railways <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Seaports <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Airports <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Urban extents <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">NASA\/NOAA VIIRS (Suomi NPP) \u00b7 register nasa.gibs.context-live-layers<\/span><\/li><li>Natural events (NASA EONET) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">NASA EONET \u00b7 register nasa.eonet.events<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\">A cascade through interdependent networks. Illustrative teaching model: it runs on the values set by the controls, not on measured data. Methods: Interdependent networks (Buldyrev and others (2010), Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks, Nature 464); Overload cascades (Motter and Lai (2002), Physical Review E 66); Betweenness load (Brandes (2001), Journal of Mathematical Sociology 25).<\/figcaption><div class=\"nx-in-pls\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-pl\" aria-label=\"Where this instrument connects across the pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Experiments<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Built in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/foundry\/\">Energy Nexus in Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Tested at<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/universe\/\">Energy Nexus in Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Codified in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/energy-infrastructure\/\">Energy and Critical Infrastructure in Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Published in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/reports\/\">Energy Nexus in Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Taught in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/infrastructure-energy\/\">Faculty of Infrastructure, Energy and Industry in Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><span class=\"nx-in-keep\" hidden><i data-c=\"c1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c4\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c6\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"h3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"neg\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"0\"><\/i><i data-l=\"1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"2\"><\/i><i data-l=\"3\"><\/i><i data-l=\"4\"><\/i><i data-l=\"5\"><\/i><i data-on=\"0\"><\/i><i data-on=\"1\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"p\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"n\"><\/i><i data-k=\"R\"><\/i><i data-k=\"B\"><\/i><i data-k=\"dash\"><\/i><i data-dash=\"true\"><\/i><i data-view=\"result\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"on\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"off\"><\/i><i class=\"nx-in-svg nx-in-grid nx-in-ax nx-in-tk nx-in-at nx-in-ln nx-in-band nx-in-lbl nx-in-lk nx-in-ref nx-in-reft nx-in-mk nx-in-x nx-in-rect nx-in-val nx-in-rowl nx-in-cl nx-in-arrow nx-in-pol nx-in-cln nx-in-loop nx-in-edge nx-in-node nx-in-nl nx-in-reach nx-in-trib nx-in-agent nx-in-flow nx-in-legend nx-in-sw nx-in-note nx-in-loops nx-in-3d nx-in-cv nx-in-field nx-in-fl nx-in-fv nx-in-range nx-in-btn nx-in-err nx-in-tbl nx-in-cite\"><\/i><\/span><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-label=\"Indicators, Twin and cascade simulator, Sources\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Indicators, Twin and cascade simulator, Sources\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-indicators\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Indicators<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-twin\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-sources\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Sources<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-indicators\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What is measured, and how well.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each indicator carries its unit, its cadence, the kind of source behind it and the evidence label a value would carry. No values are shown: a programme supplies them under its own authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Expected unserved energy<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">megawatt hours per year<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual planning cycle<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Probabilistic adequacy assessment<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Loss of load expectation<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">hours per year<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual planning cycle<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Probabilistic adequacy assessment<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Net energy import dependence<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of total energy supply<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">National energy balances<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Supplier concentration index<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">dimensionless (Herfindahl-Hirschman)<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Trade statistics by fuel and origin<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Emergency oil stocks<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">days of net imports<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Stockholding agency reports<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Gas storage fill level<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of working gas capacity<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">daily<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Storage operator reporting<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Access to electricity<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of population<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Household surveys and utility records<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Access to clean cooking<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of population<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Household surveys and WHO modelling<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"indicators\" data-nxf-kind=\"indicator\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G03\/topics\/energy-security\/#indicators\" data-nxf-title=\"Indicators\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-span=\"wide\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Model energy security as a system. Run the cascade.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Assembled from the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> area profile <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/energy-infrastructure\/energy-risk-standards\/\">Energy risk standards<\/a>: the hazards it names, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/system-builder\/\">System Builder<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-es-topics-energy-security-G03\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">Heatwave<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h3\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.wind.windstorm\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Damaging wind\" data-td=\"Damaging non-convective wind from a steep pressure gradient, bringing treefall, structural damage and power-line failure.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H3\" data-tr=\"draft\">Windstorm<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h48\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 infra.utilities.power-blackout\" data-tk=\"Built systems \u00b7 Utility and communication network outage\" data-td=\"Loss of electricity supply across a large area, stopping water, heating, cooling, communications and health care.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H48\" data-tr=\"draft\">Widespread power outage<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Large forest disturbance (set off downstream)<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Wildfire<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Extreme fire weather (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Heat-driven grid stress (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Agricultural drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Flash drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Snow drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Ground-level ozone episode (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Meteorological drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Extreme night-time heat (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Lake and river heatwave (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Cooling-water curtailment of power plants (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Heat-induced track buckling (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Shoreline ice shove (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Seiche (set off downstream)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/energy-infrastructure\/energy-risk-standards\/\">Energy risk standards<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/water-risk-standards\/\">Water risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Common driver<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/energy-infrastructure\/critical-infrastructure-and-critical-entities\/\">Critical infrastructure and critical entities<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/climate-risk-standards\/\">Climate risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Feedback<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/space-weather-and-timing-risk-standards\/\">Space weather, spectrum and timing risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Common driver<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-0<\/code> Constitution and principles<\/li><li><code>NS-1<\/code> The <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> and the artefact catalogue (grammar v0.2: domain, sector, region and environment segments)<\/li><li><code>NS-3<\/code> Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)<\/li><li><code>NS-9<\/code> Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)<\/li><li><code>NS-10<\/code> Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)<\/li><li><code>NS-11<\/code> Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H84<\/code> Hazard family: Energy system instability and shortfall (NHS-1 infra.energy)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H61<\/code> Hazard family: Cascading failure (NHS-1 sys.cascade)<\/li><li><code>NRS-U8<\/code> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> platform profile: Energy Nexus<\/li><li><code>NRS-H48<\/code> Hazard family: Utility and communication network outage (NHS-1 infra.utilities)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H109<\/code> Hazard family: Energy-transition technology failures (NHS-1 tech.energy-transition)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H54<\/code> Hazard family: Signal and platform disruption (NHS-1 cyber.platform)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Global Power Plant Database (listed for reference)<\/li><li>NASA Black Marble night-time lights (VNP46) (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Ember electricity data (listed for reference)<\/li><li>ENTSO-E Transparency Platform (listed for reference)<\/li><li>EIA Open Data API (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Proportion of population with access to electricity<\/li><li>Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption<\/li><li>Number of disruptions to basic services attributed to disasters<\/li><li>Damage to critical infrastructure attributed to disasters<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Example geography<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Europe: 113 hexagonal cells<\/li><li>Surface air temperature, daytime (AIRS), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Vegetation disturbance alerts, 30 m (OPERA DIST-ALERT), NASA GIBS<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"energy\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where the evidence comes from.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Named public datasets and institutional records, each with its licence class. Sources by agreement are used only under their terms and never republished.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it gives<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">IEA World Energy Balances<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Supply, transformation and final consumption by fuel and country<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Licensed; selected tables free under IEA terms<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">UN Energy Statistics Database (UNSD)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Production, trade and consumption of energy commodities by country<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free access, UN terms<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">JODI Oil and JODI Gas<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Monthly production, trade, stocks and demand reported by national administrations<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">GIE AGSI+ and ALSI<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Daily gas storage and LNG terminal levels in Europe<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free, registration and terms<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Tracking SDG7 (IEA, IRENA, UNSD, World Bank, WHO)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Access, renewables, efficiency and finance indicators for every country<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">ENTSO-E European Resource Adequacy Assessment<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Probabilistic adequacy methods and results for the European system<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public report, ENTSO-E terms<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">NERC long-term and seasonal reliability assessments<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Resource adequacy and risk areas across North America<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public reports<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">EIA international energy data<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Production, consumption, trade and reserves by country<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public domain<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G03\/topics\/energy-security\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Sources\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-signature\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sector signature<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The sector signature of energy security.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The sectors energy security touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig\" data-nx-sig=\"WEIF\" data-sig-name=\"Energy and its partners\" data-sig-line=\"Energy gives power for transport and telecoms to infrastructure (0.8), pumping and treatment to water (0.5) and fertiliser, machinery and cold chains to food (0.5).\" data-sig-inst=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-plate\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Signatures in context\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span>Select corners \u00b7 hover lines<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">6 \/ 15 relations<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sector signature hexagon: Water, Energy, Infrastructure and Food selected, 6 of 15 relations in play, coupling 0.46. Teaching values.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Signature<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Energy and its partners<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Energy gives power for transport and telecoms to infrastructure (0.8), pumping and treatment to water (0.5) and fertiliser, machinery and cold chains to food (0.5).<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>W<\/span> \u00b7 <span>E<\/span> \u00b7 <span>I<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">H<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">B<\/span><\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Sectors<\/dt><dd><strong>4<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Relations<\/dt><dd><strong>6<\/strong> <small>of 15<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coupling<\/dt><dd><strong>0.46<\/strong> <small>share of total<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><h3 class=\"nx-nsig-dh\">Strongest relations in play<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-nsig-rel\"><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Energy \u2192 Infrastructure<\/b> \u00b7 power for transport and telecoms<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.8<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Energy<\/b> \u00b7 cooling water and hydropower<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"6\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.6<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Food<\/b> \u00b7 irrigation<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.8<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Infrastructure \u2192 Water<\/b> \u00b7 pipes, dams and treatment works<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"6\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.6<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"all\">Select all<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-sig-act=\"copy\">Copy signature<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements for any place. Coupling is the summed strength of the relations in play, as a share of all fifteen.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-3\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-label=\"Decisions, Methods and evidence, Core questions, Mechanisms\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Decisions, Methods and evidence, Core questions, Mechanisms\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-decisions\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Decisions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-audience\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Methods and evidence<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Core questions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-mechanisms\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Mechanisms<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-decisions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Decisions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who decides, and what the evidence serves.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Energy Nexus prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Who decides<\/th><th scope=\"col\">The question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence this page serves<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Energy ministries<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Whether supply is adequate for the coming winter and summer, and what reserves or contracts to secure<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Probabilistic adequacy with its assumptions; storage and stock levels against obligations<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Energy regulators<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Whether the reliability standard is set at the right level and whether market rules deliver it<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Expected unserved energy against the standard; the value of lost load behind it<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Transmission system operators<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Which resources to procure for reserve and when to declare scarcity<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Seasonal outlooks, interconnector availability and planned outages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Development finance institutions<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Where access investment protects health and water services first<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Access gap layers with survey and model estimates labelled apart<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-4\">Outputs this topic produces<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Adequacy scenarios with weather, outage and import assumptions stated<\/li><li>Supply dependency maps by fuel, supplier and route<\/li><li>Access gap layers for health and water services<\/li><li>Price transmission traces from wholesale markets to households<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"energy\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and evidence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How energy security is modelled, measured and tested.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"science\" data-au-n=\"1\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"system-model\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">System model<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">The couplings between the systems in energy security: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.<\/p><div class=\"nx-au-fig\"><svg class=\"nx-au-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 560 250\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Causal loop diagram of Energy, Critical infrastructure, Climate, Communities, Economy\" focusable=\"false\"><line class=\"nx-au-ac\" x1=\"280\" y1=\"32\" x2=\"398.6\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"339.3\" y=\"57.71\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"280\" y1=\"32\" x2=\"206.7\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"398.6\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"353.3\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"375.95\" y=\"135.5\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"398.6\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"161.4\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"353.3\" y1=\"187.58\" x2=\"206.7\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"280\" y=\"183.58\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u2212<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"206.7\" y1=\"187.58\" x2=\"161.4\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"184.05\" y=\"135.5\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"161.4\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"280\" y2=\"32\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"220.7\" y=\"57.71\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd nx-au-nd-ac\" cx=\"280.0\" cy=\"32.0\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"20\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Energy<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd nx-au-nd-ac\" cx=\"398.6\" cy=\"91.4\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"410.6\" y=\"95.42\" text-anchor=\"start\">Critical infrastructure<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"353.3\" cy=\"187.6\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"365.3\" y=\"205.58\" text-anchor=\"start\">Climate<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"206.7\" cy=\"187.6\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"194.7\" y=\"205.58\" text-anchor=\"end\">Communities<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"161.4\" cy=\"91.4\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"149.4\" y=\"95.42\" text-anchor=\"end\">Economy<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"114\" text-anchor=\"middle\">R  reinforcing<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"280\" y=\"132\" text-anchor=\"middle\">B  balancing<\/text><\/svg><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Causal loop diagram from the page&#8217;s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">FAIR guiding principles \u00b7 GO FAIR and FORCE11<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">W3C PROV \u00b7 World Wide Web Consortium<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Guidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties \u00b7 IPCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">CEOS Analysis Ready Data \u00b7 Committee on Earth Observation Satellites<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Core questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What energy security experts ask.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Will there be enough firm capacity and stored energy to meet demand through the hardest periods of the year, including long cold and still spells?<\/li><li>How exposed is supply to a single fuel, route, supplier or piece of infrastructure?<\/li><li>How quickly can the system respond to the sudden loss of its largest generator or interconnector?<\/li><li>Which households and services lose access first in a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h60\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 sys.supply-chain.supply-disruption\" data-tk=\"Systemic and compound events \u00b7 Supply-chain and flow disruption\" data-td=\"A break in the flow of goods or materials between producers and users that stops production or leaves shortages.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H60\" data-tr=\"draft\">shortage<\/a>, and how are they protected?<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-mechanisms\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-15\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">15<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanisms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What makes a system insecure.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"6\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Concentration<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Single points of supply<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Dependence on one pipeline, import terminal, fuel type or supplier means one disruption removes a large share of supply.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M12 2v2\"\/><path d=\"m4.93 4.93 1.41 1.41\"\/><path d=\"M20 12h2\"\/><path d=\"m19.07 4.93-1.41 1.41\"\/><path d=\"M15.947 12.65a4 4 0 0 0-5.925-4.128\"\/><path d=\"M3 20a5 5 0 1 1 8.9-4H13a3 3 0 0 1 2 5.24\"\/><path d=\"M11 20v2\"\/><path d=\"M7 19v2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Weather<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Correlated shortfalls<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Cold snaps raise demand while reducing wind, solar or gas deliverability, so stress arrives on both sides of the balance at once.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 22h14\"\/><path d=\"M5 2h14\"\/><path d=\"M17 22v-4.172a2 2 0 0 0-.586-1.414L12 12l-4.414 4.414A2 2 0 0 0 7 17.828V22\"\/><path d=\"M7 2v4.172a2 2 0 0 0 .586 1.414L12 12l4.414-4.414A2 2 0 0 0 17 6.172V2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Investment<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Slow replacement<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Power plants, networks and fuel infrastructure take years to build, so shortfalls identified late cannot be fixed quickly.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-4\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"energy\" aria-label=\"Methods and limits, Methods, Sources, Questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Methods and limits, Methods, Sources, Questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-methods-and-limits\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Methods and limits<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-methods\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Methods<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Sources<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-19-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-methods-and-limits\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"energy\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-16\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">16<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and limits<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-16\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How adequacy and security are assessed.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ol class=\"nx-rows\"><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">01<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Probabilistic adequacy<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Models simulate many weather years and random outages to estimate the expected frequency and depth of unserved energy. Results depend on the weather record used and on assumptions about imports and demand flexibility.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">02<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Contingency analysis<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Engineers test whether the system survives the loss of any single major element. This captures ordinary faults well but not extreme, simultaneous events.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">03<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Supply diversity indicators<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Measures of concentration across fuels, routes and suppliers. They describe exposure, not the likelihood of disruption.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">04<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Stress scenarios<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Designed combinations of extremes, built with <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/stem\/forecasting\/\">forecasting<\/a> and optimisation methods. Scenarios test assumptions; they are not predictions.<\/p><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-17\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">17<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-17\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How it is studied, and what the methods cannot say.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-methods\" data-limits=\"true\"><ol class=\"nx-mledger\" aria-label=\"Methods\"><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/stem\/optimization\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Optimisation and operations research<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Capacity expansion planning \u00b7 Unit commitment and dispatch \u00b7 Restoration sequencing<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/optimization\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Optimisation and operations research\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/stem\/forecasting\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Forecasting and time-series analysis<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Load forecasting with weather \u00b7 Wind and solar power forecasts \u00b7 Seasonal adequacy outlooks<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/forecasting\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Forecasting and time-series analysis\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/stem\/power-engineering\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Power systems engineering<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Contingency and load flow studies \u00b7 Frequency stability with less inertia<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/engineering\/power-engineering\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Power systems engineering\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/stem\/network-science\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Network science and contagion<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Interdependency mapping \u00b7 Cascades on multilayer networks \u00b7 Criticality ranking<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/network-science\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Network science and contagion\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/stem\/resilience-engineering\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Reliability and resilience engineering<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Restoration curve analysis \u00b7 Fault trees for critical sites \u00b7 Fragility curves for grid assets<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/engineering\/resilience-engineering\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Reliability and resilience engineering\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-limits\" aria-label=\"What the methods cannot say\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the methods cannot say<\/span><p class=\"nx-limits-text\">Adequacy results depend on assumptions about weather years, forced outage rates and imports that neighbours may need in the same cold spell. Trade and stock data are reported with delays and revisions. Access estimates mix surveys and models of uneven age and coverage. Energy Nexus does not set reliability standards or forecast prices; regulators, operators and ministries do, under their own mandates.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-18\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">18<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Where this page&#8217;s references<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-18\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page&#8217;s references lead.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/topics\/energy-security\"><span>IEA energy security programme and emergency response (International Energy Agency)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/world-energy-outlook-2025\"><span>World Energy Outlook 2025 (International Energy Agency, 2025)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2022\/1032\/oj\"><span>Regulation (EU) 2022\/1032 on gas storage<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/ns-3\/\"><span>NS-3, NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk) record UNIs, a proposed standard<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-19-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"energy\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-19\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">19<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-19\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>What is resource adequacy?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The ability of available generation, storage, demand response and imports to meet demand at all times with an accepted risk of shortfall. It is set by a reliability standard and assessed probabilistically across many weather and outage combinations.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why is energy security not a single index?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Because adequacy, reliability, diversity, affordability and access can move in different directions. A composite score hides which one is failing and who must act on it.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does Energy Nexus forecast energy prices?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. It traces how a disruption is transmitted through prices to households, industry and public budgets. Price forecasting belongs to markets, regulators and their analysts.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which values on this page are real?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The indicator names, units, sources and methods are real. Levels in any figures are examples in a design. A national programme replaces them with labelled evidence it owns.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does more interconnection weaken security?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Not necessarily. Interconnection lets neighbouring systems share reserves and smooth weather differences, which usually improves adequacy, but it also creates paths for disturbances and shared exposure that must be managed.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is energy security only about electricity?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. It covers fuels for transport, heating and industry as well. Electrification shifts more of it onto the power system over time.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does Energy Nexus publish national security ratings?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. It publishes methods and evidence, not ratings or rankings of countries or companies.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Energy Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Sector Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Strategic Systems<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Scenario and Stress-Test<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/energy-nexus\/topics\/energy-security#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-energy-nexus-topics-energy-security-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-energy-nexus-topics-energy-security-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-energy-nexus-topics-energy-security-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/sectors\/energy#what-energy-gives\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Energy<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/infrastructure-energy\/climate-energy-technologies\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Climate and energy technologies<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/energy-infrastructure\/energy-risk-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Energy risk standards<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-20\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Energy Nexus<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-20\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring a method, a dataset or a question.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Information and enquiries are open today. 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