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auto;padding:0 16px;font-family:ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,\"Segoe UI\",sans-serif;line-height:1.55;overflow-wrap:break-word}#nxe-n1jfy8mb.nxe :where(*,*::before,*::after){box-sizing:inherit}#nxe-n1jfy8mb.nxe :where(section,header,footer,nav,aside){display:block;margin:0 0 32px}#nxe-n1jfy8mb.nxe :where(h1,h2,h3,h4){line-height:1.2;margin:24px 0 12px;font-weight:600}#nxe-n1jfy8mb.nxe :where(p,ul,ol,dl,table,figure,details){margin:0 0 16px}#nxe-n1jfy8mb.nxe :where(ul,ol){padding-left:20px}#nxe-n1jfy8mb.nxe a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}#nxe-n1jfy8mb.nxe table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;display:block;overflow-x:auto}#nxe-n1jfy8mb.nxe :where(th,td){padding:6px 8px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:inherit}#nxe-n1jfy8mb.nxe svg{display:none}#nxe-n1jfy8mb.nxe svg.nx-i{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:-3px}#nxe-n1jfy8mb.nxe :where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n1jfy8mb.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"gcri\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> \u00b7 Energy Nexus<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Heat and cooling<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Heat waves raise electricity demand for cooling at the same time as they lower what the system can supply: lines carry less, thermal plants lose efficiency and cooling water, and solar panels produce less per unit of sunlight. Cold spells do the same to heating demand and gas supply. This page sets out how temperature extremes stress energy <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, how cooling access shapes health risk, and what evidence operators, health agencies and planners use.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/topics\/\">Back to Topics<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"energy\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Register<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Heat and cooling on the record.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"console\"><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Dossier<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Energy Nexus \u00b7 topic<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-question\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">The question<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">4 mechanisms<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-field\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Field<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">hexagonal field plate<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-indicators\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Indicators<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">7<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-sources\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">6<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-decisions\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Decision holders<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">4<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-methods\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">5<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-question\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The question<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Heat and cooling: how the risk develops.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Cooling requirements and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">extreme heat<\/a>. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"2\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 12h-2.48a2 2 0 0 0-1.93 1.46l-2.35 8.36a.25.25 0 0 1-.48 0L9.24 2.18a.25.25 0 0 0-.48 0l-2.35 8.36A2 2 0 0 1 4.49 12H2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Demand rises with temperature<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Cooling demand climbs steeply above a comfort threshold, and electric heating does the same in cold spells. Summer peaks arrive in the late afternoon and evening, when solar output is already falling and the grid leans on other resources.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M12 2v2\"\/><path d=\"m4.93 4.93 1.41 1.41\"\/><path d=\"M20 12h2\"\/><path d=\"m19.07 4.93-1.41 1.41\"\/><path d=\"M15.947 12.65a4 4 0 0 0-5.925-4.128\"\/><path d=\"M3 20a5 5 0 1 1 8.9-4H13a3 3 0 0 1 2 5.24\"\/><path d=\"M11 20v2\"\/><path d=\"M7 19v2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Supply falls with temperature<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Overhead lines sag and must be derated, transformers overheat, and thermal plants lose output or are curtailed when river water exceeds discharge temperature limits. In cold extremes, gas wells, pipelines and plant equipment can <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.hard-freeze\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"Air temperature falling well below freezing for hours, killing crops, bursting pipes and stopping water flow.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">freeze<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"4.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m10.2 6.3-3.9 3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"4.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"M7 12h10\"\/><circle cx=\"19.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m13.8 17.7 3.9-3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"19.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Coincident stress<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">A heat dome raises demand across a whole region and its neighbours at once, so imports are scarce exactly when they are needed. <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Wildfire<\/a> risk in the same days may force operators to de-energise lines preventively.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M19 14c1.49-1.46 3-3.21 3-5.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 0 16.5 3c-1.76 0-3 .5-4.5 2-1.5-1.5-2.74-2-4.5-2A5.5 5.5 0 0 0 2 8.5c0 2.3 1.5 4.05 3 5.5l7 7Z\"\/><path d=\"M3.22 12l6.28 0 .5-1 2 4.5 2-7 1.5 3.5 5.27 0\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Cooling is a health service<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Where air conditioning is the main protection against heat illness, an outage during a heat wave becomes a public health emergency. Older people, those living alone and households without cooling carry most of the risk.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Climate signals in Europe.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Daytime surface heat, night-time surface heat and rain over Europe, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"europe:climate\" data-ml-feeds=\"eonet|https:\/\/eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/v3\/events\" data-ml-src=\"climate\" data-ml-plan=\"p-04477ed7\" data-ml-chart=\"f.power\" data-ml-view=\"2d\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:climate\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.health.lstd gibs.health.lstn gibs.water.imerg gibs.water.true gibs.food.cover gibs.biodiversity.ssta ev.eonet r.dist r.airt r.hls f.ens r.uhi r.dswxs1 f.era5\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect measure compare aoi export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-climate\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-climate\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"-25,34,45,71\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"Climate signals, Europe: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"lstd,lstn||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Heat days and nights<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"lstd||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Surface heat<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"lstn||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Night heat<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"imerg||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Rain now<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">3<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">Climate signals, for this page<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"lstd\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Land temperature, day\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite 8-day composite; persistent cloud still leaves gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"lstd\">14 Sep 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"\u00b0C\">Observed (persistent cloud still leaves gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"lstd\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.lstd\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (persistent cloud still leaves gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>8-day; Satellite 8-day composite; persistent cloud still leaves gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-09-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite skin temperature of the ground over the 8 days ending on the date shown, a heat exposure indicator; not air temperature, heat index or a heat warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"lstn\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Land temperature, night\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite 8-day composite; persistent cloud still leaves gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land surface temperature, night, 8-day composite<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"lstn\">14 Sep 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"\u00b0C\">Observed (persistent cloud still leaves gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"lstn\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.lstn\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (persistent cloud still leaves gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>8-day; Satellite 8-day composite; persistent cloud still leaves gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-09-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite skin temperature of the ground at night, when lack of cooling matters for health; not air temperature or a heat warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"imerg\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-short=\"Precipitation\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA GES DISC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite estimate, near real time\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Precipitation rate, daily mean<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA GES DISC GPM IMERG \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"imerg\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"estimated\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Estimated<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"imerg\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.imerg\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Estimated<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>GPM IMERG (NASA GES DISC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA GES DISC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite estimate, near real time<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite estimate, near real time. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"4\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.6\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite image\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">True colour<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"true\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.true\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite image<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"cover\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"24\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.7\" data-wm-short=\"Land cover\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land cover type (IGBP), yearly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"class\">Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"cover\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.cover\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2024-01-01<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"ssta\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"25\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Marine heat (anomaly)\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA JPL PO.DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite analysis\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Sea surface temperature anomaly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA JPL PO.DAAC GHRSST MUR25 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ssta\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"\u00b0C\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"ssta\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.biodiversity.ssta\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>GHRSST MUR25 (NASA JPL PO.DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA JPL PO.DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite analysis<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite analysis of how far sea temperature departs from its usual value for the date shown; a marine heat indicator, not a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.coral-bleaching\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Corals expelling their algal partners under heat stress, turning white and often dying, with loss of reef fisheries and shore protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\">coral bleaching<\/a> alert.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" aria-label=\"Map controls\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-open\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-panel\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Layers\" title=\"Layers\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2.5l-6.5 3.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5zm-6.5 6.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5m-13 2.8 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"tools\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" title=\"Expert tools\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" 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data-wm-act=\"reset\" aria-label=\"Reset the view\" title=\"Reset the view\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.2 8a4.8 4.8 0 1 0 1.5-3.5M3.2 2.6v2.6h2.6\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"full\" aria-label=\"Full screen\" title=\"Full screen\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M2.5 6l0-3.5 3.5 0m7.5 3.5 0-3.5-3.5 0m-7.5 7.5 0 3.5 3.5 0m7.5-3.5 0 3.5-3.5 0\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-menu\" id=\"nx-wm-menu\" role=\"menu\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"inspect\">Inspect a point<kbd>I<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"measure\">Measure distance<kbd>M<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"compare\">Compare two dates<kbd>C<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"share\">Copy a link to this view<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"png\">Export as PNG with credits<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"xt\" data-wm-xt=\"NxAjSJ6JoGGZsXu22d+kvA4nR9AJ6Njy+\/Xy2FIyELw=\">More expert tools<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\">Keyboard shortcuts<kbd>?<\/kbd><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-keys\" role=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Keyboard shortcuts\" hidden><p class=\"nx-wm-keys-title\">Keyboard, with the map focused<\/p><dl class=\"nx-wm-keys-list\"><\/dl><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-keys-close\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\" aria-label=\"Close the shortcuts\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-hint\" hidden>Hold Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll to zoom<\/p><p class=\"nx-wm-toolbar\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-tip\" role=\"tooltip\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin\" hidden><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-pin-title\"><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"unpin\" aria-label=\"Close the card\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-chart\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-body\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-dock\"><div class=\"nx-wm-time\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Imagery date\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"prev\" aria-label=\"One day earlier\">\u2039<\/button><p class=\"nx-wm-time-label\">Latest available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Climate signals, framed on Europe.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET \u00b7 NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT \u00b7 NASA AIRS<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.water-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gpm.imerg\">GPM IMERG precipitation, NASA Precipitation Processing System; distributed by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.modis-viirs.land\">MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.podaac.ghrsst-mur\">GHRSST Level 4 MUR analyses, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; distributed by the NASA Physical Oceanography DAAC (PO.DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li><\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA AIRS. We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>Air quality forecast, 5 days, PM2.5 (CAMS via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information 2026.<\/li><li>Past year, daily temperature (ERA5 via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information 2026.<\/li><li>Past year, daily temperature and sunshine (NASA POWER): These data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) POWER Project funded through the NASA Earth Science\/Applied Science Program..<\/li><li>Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https:\/\/open-meteo.com\/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/).<\/li><li>Optional layers (22 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite: VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"lstd\">14 Sep 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land surface temperature, night, 8-day composite: VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"lstn\">14 Sep 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Precipitation rate, daily mean: GPM IMERG, NASA GES DISC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"imerg\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/li><li>Sea surface temperature anomaly: GHRSST MUR25, NASA JPL PO.DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ssta\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G03\/topics\/heat-and-cooling\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Energy Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"energy\" aria-label=\"Couplings, Twin and cascade simulator, Reports, standards and contributions, Risk and response\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Couplings, Twin and cascade simulator, Reports, standards and contributions, Risk and response\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-couplings\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Couplings<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-twin\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-standards\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-nexus\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Risk and response<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-couplings\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"energy\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Couplings<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Heat raises cooling demand just as it weakens the systems that supply it.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th>Domain<\/th><th>How it couples here<\/th><th>What to watch<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Health<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Cooling protects people during heatwaves; loss of power during heat is a direct health risk. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/environmental-health\/\">environmental health<\/a>.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Heat-health warnings coinciding with grid stress<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Water<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Hot rivers limit cooling of thermal plants exactly when demand peaks.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">River temperature at plant intakes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Food<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Refrigeration keeps food safe; heat raises cold chain load. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/storage-and-cold-chain\/\">storage and cold chain<\/a>.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Cold store energy use in heatwaves<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Biodiversity<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Refrigerants with high warming potential are being phased down under the Kigali Amendment.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Refrigerant transition in national plans<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-p\">Cooling demand is estimated from cooling degree days (degree Celsius days above a base temperature) and appliance ownership. The IEA&#8217;s The Future of Cooling (2018) and UNEP&#8217;s Global Cooling Watch (2023) describe how fast demand is growing and how efficiency and passive design can limit it.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-span=\"wide\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Model heat and cooling as a system. Run the cascade.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Assembled from the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> area profile <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/energy-infrastructure\/energy-risk-standards\/\">Energy risk standards<\/a>: the hazards it names, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/system-builder\/\">System Builder<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-es-topics-heat-and-cooling-G03\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">Heatwave<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h3\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.wind.windstorm\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Damaging wind\" data-td=\"Damaging non-convective wind from a steep pressure gradient, bringing treefall, structural damage and power-line failure.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H3\" data-tr=\"draft\">Windstorm<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h48\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 infra.utilities.power-blackout\" data-tk=\"Built systems \u00b7 Utility and communication network outage\" data-td=\"Loss of electricity supply across a large area, stopping water, heating, cooling, communications and health care.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H48\" data-tr=\"draft\">Widespread power outage<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Large forest disturbance (set off downstream)<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Wildfire<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Extreme fire weather (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Heat-driven grid stress (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Agricultural drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Flash drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Snow drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Ground-level ozone episode (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Meteorological drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Extreme night-time heat (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Lake and river heatwave (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Cooling-water curtailment of power plants (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Heat-induced track buckling (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Shoreline ice shove (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Seiche (set off downstream)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/energy-infrastructure\/energy-risk-standards\/\">Energy risk standards<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/water-risk-standards\/\">Water risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Common driver<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/energy-infrastructure\/critical-infrastructure-and-critical-entities\/\">Critical infrastructure and critical entities<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/climate-risk-standards\/\">Climate risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Feedback<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/space-weather-and-timing-risk-standards\/\">Space weather, spectrum and timing risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Common driver<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-0<\/code> Constitution and principles<\/li><li><code>NS-1<\/code> The <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> and the artefact catalogue (grammar v0.2: domain, sector, region and environment segments)<\/li><li><code>NS-3<\/code> Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)<\/li><li><code>NS-9<\/code> Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)<\/li><li><code>NS-10<\/code> Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)<\/li><li><code>NS-11<\/code> Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H84<\/code> Hazard family: Energy system instability and shortfall (NHS-1 infra.energy)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H61<\/code> Hazard family: Cascading failure (NHS-1 sys.cascade)<\/li><li><code>NRS-U8<\/code> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> platform profile: Energy Nexus<\/li><li><code>NRS-H48<\/code> Hazard family: Utility and communication network outage (NHS-1 infra.utilities)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H109<\/code> Hazard family: Energy-transition technology failures (NHS-1 tech.energy-transition)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H54<\/code> Hazard family: Signal and platform disruption (NHS-1 cyber.platform)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Global Power Plant Database (listed for reference)<\/li><li>NASA Black Marble night-time lights (VNP46) (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Ember electricity data (listed for reference)<\/li><li>ENTSO-E Transparency Platform (listed for reference)<\/li><li>EIA Open Data API (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Proportion of population with access to electricity<\/li><li>Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption<\/li><li>Number of disruptions to basic services attributed to disasters<\/li><li>Damage to critical infrastructure attributed to disasters<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Example geography<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Europe: 113 hexagonal cells<\/li><li>Surface air temperature, daytime (AIRS), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Vegetation disturbance alerts, 30 m (OPERA DIST-ALERT), NASA GIBS<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-standards\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Heat and cooling evidence.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Heat-season stress tests across power, water and health are designed for the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/series\/scenario-stress-test\/\">Scenario and Stress-Test series<\/a>. Contributions that help: hourly demand during past heatwaves, building and cooling access surveys, and city cooling plans with their results.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nexus\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"energy\" data-variant=\"stack\" data-nx-duo=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-sec-nexus-h\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Risk and response<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-sec-nexus-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Coupled risk, applied response.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede nx-nduo-lede\" data-lede=\"The sectors {s} touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.\">The sectors <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">heatwave<\/a> touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-nduo\" data-active=\"sig\" data-compose=\"pair\"><div class=\"nx-nduo-seg\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Show\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-nduo=\"sig\" aria-pressed=\"true\">A \u00b7 Risk<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-nduo=\"phex\" aria-pressed=\"false\">B \u00b7 Response<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-ctx\"><p class=\"nx-nduo-ctxk\">Choose a context<\/p><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Signatures in context\" hidden><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-pair\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig nx-nduo-fig\" data-nx-sig=\"WEFH\" data-sig-ctx=\"heatwave\" data-sig-name=\"Heatwave\" data-sig-line=\"Cooling demand peaks the grid while rivers warm; heat stress fills hospitals and wilts crops.\" data-sig-inst=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\" data-nduo-pane=\"sig\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span><b class=\"nx-nduo-ab\">A<\/b>Coupled risk across six sectors<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">6 \/ 15 relations<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sector signature hexagon: Water, Energy, Food and Health selected, 6 of 15 relations in play, coupling 0.43. Teaching values.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-phex-apply nx-nsig-load\"><p class=\"nx-phex-aphd\"><span>Sectors \u00b7 <b class=\"nx-phex-apn\">Heatwave<\/b><\/span><span>Stress<\/span><\/p><ol class=\"nx-phex-aps\"><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"0\" data-key=\"W\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">W<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Water<\/b> depends on energy for pumping and treatment<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"2\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.21<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"1\" data-key=\"E\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">E<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Energy<\/b> first hit, then depends on water for cooling water and hydropower<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"7\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.72<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap\" data-k=\"2\" data-key=\"I\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">I<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Infrastructure<\/b> outside this context<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">\u2013<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"3\" data-key=\"F\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">F<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Food<\/b> depends on water for irrigation<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"3\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.27<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"4\" data-key=\"H\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">H<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Health<\/b> first hit, then depends on water for drinking water and sanitation<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.84<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap\" data-k=\"5\" data-key=\"B\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">B<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Biodiversity<\/b> outside this context<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">\u2013<\/span><\/button><\/li><\/ol><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Illustrative: a teaching cascade over teaching values, not measurements.<\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"nx-nduo-bridge\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-nduo-bridge-l\">applied to<\/span><span class=\"nx-nduo-bridge-a\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><figure class=\"nx-nsig nx-phex nx-nduo-fig\" data-nx-phex=\"1245\" data-phex-ctx=\"whole\" data-phex=\"{&quot;S&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;L&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Experiments&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Turns open questions into designed experiments&quot;,&quot;Prototypes new methods, data pipelines and tools&quot;,&quot;Records failures and limits alongside results&quot;,&quot;Hands reproducible prototypes to the Foundry&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;F&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Builds&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Builds the cycle's software, data and environments&quot;,&quot;Simulates scenarios and runs benchmarks&quot;,&quot;Monitors hazards, systems and evidence&quot;,&quot;Develops and tracks the National Portfolio&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;U&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Convenes and tests&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/programmes\/nexus-universe\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/universe.nexus\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Sets the annual mandate and admits missions&quot;,&quot;Runs readiness, the controlled build and Action Week&quot;,&quot;Stands down temporary capacity and seals evidence&quot;,&quot;Reviews the year and renews the mandate&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;S&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Standards&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Nexus Standards&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Codify and correct&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Identifies every artefact with a UNI&quot;,&quot;Routes work to the standards that apply&quot;,&quot;Validates and monitors conformance evidence&quot;,&quot;Takes cycle findings as change proposals&quot;,&quot;Records national adoption&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;R&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Publishes&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-cycle\/publish\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes four editions a year, with Q4 as the annual flagship&quot;,&quot;Maintains country and regional profiles&quot;,&quot;Publishes exponential technology streams&quot;,&quot;Records corrections and method changes&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;academy&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;A&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Academy&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Risk Academy&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Teaches&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes a course for every system, standard and programme role&quot;,&quot;Assesses learning on real cycle tasks&quot;,&quot;Issues microcredentials and achievements through accountable issuers&quot;,&quot;Feeds qualified people into the next cycle&quot;]}],&quot;H&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F01&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision case&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F02&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Core Build Report and go or no-go evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F03&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F04&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F05&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;National Portfolio movement for chapter 11&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F06&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Method and correction findings as change proposals&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F07&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Docket items that need a standard or a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F08&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Composed mission profiles and national adoption records&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F09&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each adopted standard or profile becomes a course module&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F10&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F11&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Qualified participants for the next cycle's roles&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F12&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F13&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Validation and monitoring evidence for conformance review&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F14&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a learning-by-doing course&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R1&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Applied in editions&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R2&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Taught in the open&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R3&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:0,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Questions become experiments&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R4&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:0,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Tested prototypes are built&quot;}],&quot;PH&quot;:[[&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;Planning&quot;],[&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;Readiness preparation&quot;],[&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;Controlled build&quot;],[&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;Closeout&quot;],[&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;After-action review&quot;],[&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;Correction&quot;],[&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;Docket review&quot;],[&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;Renewal&quot;]],&quot;L&quot;:[[1,3],[1,2],[2,5],[2,4],[1,5,2],[1,4,3],[1,4,2],[1,2,3],[2,3,5],[1,5,2,3],[1,4,2,3],[1,3,5,2],[1,2,4,3],[2,4,3,5],[1,5,2,4,3],[1,4,3,5,2],[0,1,2,3,4,5]],&quot;CTX&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;whole&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;The whole programme&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3,4,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year's feedback loops.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;practice&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;From prototype to practice&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;A Labs prototype is built in the Foundry, tested in a Universe mission and codified as a standard.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;build-test&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Build and test&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;The Foundry builds what a mission needs; Universe returns the go or no-go evidence.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;conformance&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Conformance&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Validation evidence goes to Standards for review; composed profiles come back for the next build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;correction&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;A finding becomes a correction&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,4,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Observations are published, a method finding becomes a change proposal, the corrected profile returns to the build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mandate&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Setting the next mandate&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,4],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;After-action findings go into the editions; the Q4 synthesis informs next year's mandate.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;people&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;People for the next cycle&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence; qualified participants take roles in the next cycle.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;learning&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Learning by doing&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a course; learners join missions, and missions return to the Foundry.&quot;}],&quot;AP&quot;:{&quot;urban-flood&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;warn30&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;30%&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;less damage with 24 hours' warning of a storm or heatwave&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;With 24 hours' warning of a coming storm or heatwave&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Flood-depth nowcast from rain gauges and terrain&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Warning lead time&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;30%&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;City twin links substations, pumps and clinics to flood depth&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Lifelines modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Exercise: keep water and power running through a 1-in-100 flood&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours to restore&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared asset records so utilities exchange outage data&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Agencies sharing records&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;City flood profile of exposed lifelines&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Assets profiled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;I&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for utility and emergency operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Urban flood&quot;},&quot;hydropower&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Inflow forecasts and sediment models for the reservoir&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Forecast skill&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Basin twin trades power, flood storage and river 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qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WE&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Hydropower reservoir&quot;},&quot;drought&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[null,{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;adapt71&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;net benefits&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;From $1.8T invested in five adaptation areas from 2020 to 2030, water management among them&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;},null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;adapt71&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;net benefits&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;From $1.8T invested in five adaptation areas from 2020 to 2030, water management among them&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Drought index from rainfall, soil moisture and river flow&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Lead time to trigger&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WF&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Allocation model for irrigation, cooling and drinking water&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Demand met in drought&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Early-action exercise with water and agriculture ministries&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Days from trigger to action&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WF&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Trigger thresholds and records agencies can share&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Triggers adopted&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WF&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Seasonal drought outlook and food-price signals&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Outlooks issued&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for basin and food-security officers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Officers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WFB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Drought&quot;},&quot;heatwave&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[null,null,{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;heat&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;deaths avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Estimated after Ahmedabad's heat action plan, the first in South Asia&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Hess et al., J. Environ. Public Health, 2018&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7973519&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;heat&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;deaths avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Estimated after Ahmedabad's heat action plan, the first in South Asia&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Hess et al., J. Environ. Public Health, 2018&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7973519&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Heat-health thresholds from temperature and admissions&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Threshold accuracy&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;H&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Grid peak and river temperature model for the heat season&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Peak hours foreseen&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WE&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Heat action plan exercise with health and grid operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Alert-to-action hours&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared heat-alert levels and response records&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Agencies on one scale&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Heat season review of health and power outcomes&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Excess deaths tracked&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;H&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for health and utility planners&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Planners qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EHF&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Heatwave&quot;},&quot;blackout&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Cascade model of what fails when the grid does&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Dependencies mapped&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Twin of backup fuel, water treatment and cold chains&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours of autonomy&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Black-start exercise across utilities and hospitals&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours to restore&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Interdependency records shared by operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators sharing&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Lifeline resilience profile&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Outage hours a year&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course on interdependent infrastructure&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Grid blackout&quot;},&quot;pandemic&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;ghrf&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$60B+&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;expected losses a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Expected annual cost of pandemics, against about $4.5B a year to prepare&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/21891&quot;},null,null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;ghrf&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$60B+&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;expected losses a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Expected annual cost of pandemics, against about $4.5B a year to prepare&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/21891&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Workforce-absence scenarios for essential services&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Scenarios tested&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Continuity board for clinics, grid and logistics&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Services monitored&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Continuity exercise across health, energy and food&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Services kept running&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$60B+&quot;},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared surveillance and continuity records&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Days to share data&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;H&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;After-action findings on essential services&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Findings acted on&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for continuity managers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Managers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Pandemic&quot;},&quot;pollinator&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;pollin&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$235\u2013577B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;crop output at risk a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Annual global crop output that depends on animal pollination&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;IPBES, Assessment report on pollinators, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.ipbes.net\/assessment-reports\/pollinators&quot;},null,null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;pollin&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$235\u2013577B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;crop output at risk a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Annual global crop output that depends on animal pollination&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;IPBES, Assessment report on pollinators, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.ipbes.net\/assessment-reports\/pollinators&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Maps of pollinators and the yields that depend on them&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Area mapped&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$235\u2013577B&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Yield and diet-quality model by crop&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Crops modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Landscape mission with farmers and conservation agencies&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hectares in the mission&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Common biodiversity monitoring records&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Sites reporting&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;B&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Nature and nutrition profile&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Indicators tracked&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FHB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course on nature-dependent farming&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Advisers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Pollinator decline&quot;},&quot;storm-surge&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;mangrove&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$80B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;flood losses avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Coastal flood losses that mangroves already prevent worldwide&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Surge model with mangrove and dune buffers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Coast modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$80B&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Coastal twin of ports, substations and water intakes&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Assets in the twin&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Evacuation and port-recovery exercise&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Days to reopen port&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared records for coastal assets and defences&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Defences recorded&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Coastal risk profile, built and natural defences&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Coast profiled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for port and coastal managers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Managers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Coastal storm surge&quot;}}}\" data-phex-applied=\"heatwave\" data-nduo-pane=\"phex\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span><b class=\"nx-nduo-ab\">B<\/b>Applied response across six pillars<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">10 \/ 18 handoffs<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"The six pillars of the Consortium's programme: 10 of 18 handoffs in play, 5 feedback loops closed.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-phex-apply\"><p class=\"nx-phex-aphd\"><span>Pillars \u00b7 <b class=\"nx-phex-apn\">Heatwave<\/b><\/span><span>KPI<\/span><\/p><ol class=\"nx-phex-aps\"><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap\" data-k=\"0\" data-sec=\"H\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">L<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Labs<\/b> Heat-health thresholds from temperature and admissions<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Threshold accuracy <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"1\" data-sec=\"WE\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">F<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Foundry<\/b> Grid peak and river temperature model for the heat season<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Peak hours foreseen <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"2\" data-sec=\"EH\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">U<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Universe<\/b> Heat action plan exercise with health and grid operators<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Alert-to-action hours <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"lower is better\">\u2193<\/span><em class=\"nx-phex-bench\">1,190<\/em><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap\" data-k=\"3\" data-sec=\"EH\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">S<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Standards<\/b> Shared heat-alert levels and response records<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Agencies on one scale <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"4\" data-sec=\"H\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">R<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Reports<\/b> Heat season review of health and power outcomes<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Excess deaths tracked <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"5\" data-sec=\"EHF\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">A<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Academy<\/b> Course for health and utility planners<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Planners qualified <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><\/ol><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Illustrative applications; the values are published benchmarks, cited in the readout.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><p class=\"nx-nduo-legend\"><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k1\"><\/i>In this context<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k2\"><\/i>Dependence or handoff, heavier is stronger<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k3\"><\/i>Outside this context<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-nduo-tlw\" data-phex-for=\"nx-sec-nexus-phex\"><div class=\"nx-phex-phase nx-nduo-tl\" data-phex-tl=\"true\" hidden><p class=\"nx-phex-phh\"><span class=\"nx-phex-phk\">Programme year<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-pn\">All phases<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-phex-steps\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Phases of the programme year\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"play\">Play the year<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"allph\">All phases<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-read\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\" data-for=\"sig\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Context<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Heatwave<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Cooling demand peaks the grid while rivers warm; heat stress fills hospitals and wilts crops.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>W<\/span> \u00b7 <span>E<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">I<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>H<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">B<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Risk<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Sectors<\/dt><dd><strong>4<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Relations<\/dt><dd><strong>6<\/strong> <small>of 15<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coupling<\/dt><dd><strong>0.43<\/strong> <small>share of total<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><p class=\"nx-nduo-live\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-hint\">Hover a corner, a line or a row to trace it across both sides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"all\">Select all<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-sig-act=\"copy\">Copy brief<\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\" data-for=\"phex\"><div class=\"nx-phex-rhead\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Route<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Applied to heatwave<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\"><\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code nx-phex-rhead\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">L<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>U<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">S<\/span> \u00b7 <span>R<\/span> \u00b7 <span>A<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Response<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Pillars<\/dt><dd><strong>4<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Handoffs<\/dt><dd><strong>10<\/strong> <small>of 18<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Loops<\/dt><dd><strong>5<\/strong> <small>closed<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Expected value<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nduo-vals\"><div class=\"nx-nduo-none\"><dt>What is at stake<\/dt><dd><strong>\u2013<\/strong><span>no published benchmark<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-none\"><dt>Return on resilience<\/dt><dd><strong>\u2013<\/strong><span>no published benchmark<\/span><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Avoided loss<\/dt><dd><strong>1,190<\/strong><span>deaths avoided a year<\/span><small><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7973519\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Hess et al., J. Environ. Public Health, 2018<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-hint\">Hover a pillar, a line or a row to read how it is applied.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" data-phex-acts=\"true\" data-phex-acts-off=\"true\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"all\">Whole ring<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-phex-act=\"copy\">Copy route<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-note\">A: a teaching cascade (shock 0.6, gain 0.35, four rounds) over teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements. B: illustrative applications and the KPI each pillar answers for; values are published benchmarks, cited, not forecasts. Open events: NASA EONET, live.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-label=\"Indicators, Methods and evidence, Sources, Decisions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Indicators, Methods and evidence, Sources, Decisions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-indicators\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Indicators<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-audience\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Methods and evidence<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-sources\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Sources<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-decisions\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Decisions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-indicators\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What is measured, and how well.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each indicator carries its unit, its cadence, the kind of source behind it and the evidence label a value would carry. No values are shown: a programme supplies them under its own authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"register\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Cooling and heating degree days<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">degree days<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">daily and annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Reanalysis and station temperature<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Peak demand sensitivity to temperature<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">megawatts per degree Celsius<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">seasonal<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Operator load records and weather<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Overhead line derating<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of nominal rating<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">hourly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Operator dynamic line rating<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Thermal plant curtailment for cooling water<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">megawatts; hours<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per event<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Plant and operator notifications<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Household access to cooling<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of households<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">periodic survey<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Household surveys<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Universal thermal climate index<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">degrees Celsius<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">hourly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Reanalysis-derived heat stress<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Heat-related emergency admissions during outages<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">admissions<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per event<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Health surveillance linked to outage records<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"indicators\" data-nxf-kind=\"indicator\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G03\/topics\/heat-and-cooling\/#indicators\" data-nxf-title=\"Indicators\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and evidence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How heat and cooling is modelled, measured and tested.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"science\" data-au-n=\"1\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"system-model\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">System model<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">The couplings between the systems in heat and cooling: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.<\/p><div class=\"nx-au-fig\"><svg class=\"nx-au-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 560 250\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Causal loop diagram of Energy, Critical infrastructure, Climate, Communities, Economy\" focusable=\"false\"><line class=\"nx-au-ac\" x1=\"280\" y1=\"32\" x2=\"398.6\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"339.3\" y=\"57.71\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"280\" y1=\"32\" x2=\"206.7\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"398.6\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"353.3\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"375.95\" y=\"135.5\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"398.6\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"161.4\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"353.3\" y1=\"187.58\" x2=\"206.7\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"280\" y=\"183.58\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u2212<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"206.7\" y1=\"187.58\" x2=\"161.4\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"184.05\" y=\"135.5\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"161.4\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"280\" y2=\"32\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"220.7\" y=\"57.71\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd nx-au-nd-ac\" cx=\"280.0\" cy=\"32.0\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"20\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Energy<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd nx-au-nd-ac\" cx=\"398.6\" cy=\"91.4\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"410.6\" y=\"95.42\" text-anchor=\"start\">Critical infrastructure<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"353.3\" cy=\"187.6\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"365.3\" y=\"205.58\" text-anchor=\"start\">Climate<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"206.7\" cy=\"187.6\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"194.7\" y=\"205.58\" text-anchor=\"end\">Communities<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"161.4\" cy=\"91.4\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"149.4\" y=\"95.42\" text-anchor=\"end\">Economy<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"114\" text-anchor=\"middle\">R  reinforcing<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"280\" y=\"132\" text-anchor=\"middle\">B  balancing<\/text><\/svg><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Causal loop diagram from the page&#8217;s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">FAIR guiding principles \u00b7 GO FAIR and FORCE11<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">W3C PROV \u00b7 World Wide Web Consortium<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Guidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties \u00b7 IPCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">CEOS Analysis Ready Data \u00b7 Committee on Earth Observation Satellites<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"energy\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where the evidence comes from.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Named public datasets and institutional records, each with its licence class. Sources by agreement are used only under their terms and never republished.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"register\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it gives<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">ERA5 and ERA5-HEAT (Copernicus)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Hourly temperature and thermal comfort indices worldwide<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Eurostat cooling and heating degree days<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Degree days by country and region<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free reuse, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">ENTSO-E and EIA hourly demand data<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Load records to estimate temperature sensitivity<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">ENTSO-E terms; public domain<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">ENTSO-E unavailability of generation units<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Notified outages and derating of thermal plants<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free, registration, ENTSO-E terms<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">IEA cooling and buildings data<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Air-conditioner stocks and cooling energy use by region<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">IEA terms<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">National heat-health warning <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and surveillance<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Heat alerts, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 excess-mortality\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Deaths above the number expected in the absence of a crisis, capturing both direct and indirect effects of a shock.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">excess mortality<\/a> and hospital admissions<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public records, terms per agency<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G03\/topics\/heat-and-cooling\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Sources\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-decisions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Decisions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who decides, and what the evidence serves.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Energy Nexus prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Who decides<\/th><th scope=\"col\">The question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence this page serves<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Transmission system operators<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">How much reserve to hold ahead of a forecast heat wave or cold spell<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Temperature-demand curves, derating estimates, neighbouring <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>&#8216; expected peaks<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Public health agencies<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Which neighbourhoods and facilities need priority protection from heat during an outage<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Cooling dependence maps, outage exposure, heat-stress forecasts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Environmental regulators<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Whether and when to grant temporary derogations from cooling-water temperature limits<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">River temperature records, plant curtailment, ecological evidence<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Building and planning authorities<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">How cooling standards and passive design reduce peak demand<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Demand response curves and building stock data<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-4\">Outputs this topic produces<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Temperature-demand response curves by system and season<\/li><li>Heat and cold stress scenarios for supply and demand together<\/li><li>Maps of cooling dependence and outage exposure for health planning<\/li><li>Briefs on derating and cooling-water limits across thermal fleets<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-3\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-label=\"Core questions, Mechanisms, Methods and limits, Methods\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Core questions, Mechanisms, Methods and limits, Methods\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Core questions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-mechanisms\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Mechanisms<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-methods-and-limits\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Methods and limits<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-methods\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Methods<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Core questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What experts ask about heat and cooling.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>How will peak demand change as heatwaves become more frequent and air conditioning spreads?<\/li><li>How much do high temperatures reduce the capacity of lines, cables, transformers and power plants?<\/li><li>Which populations face the greatest health risk if power fails during <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">extreme heat<\/a>?<\/li><li>How will electrified heating change winter peaks and the risk of cold-weather shortfalls?<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-mechanisms\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"energy\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanisms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Why heat stresses energy systems from both sides.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">On the demand side, cooling load rises steeply with temperature, especially when nights stay hot and buildings cannot shed heat. On the supply side, conductors sag and must carry less current when hot, transformers age faster, and thermal and nuclear plants lose efficiency or must reduce output when cooling water is too warm or environmental limits on discharge temperature are reached. Solar panels also produce less per unit of sunlight when hot.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Heat often coincides with drought, low wind and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> risk, which can force preventive shutdowns of lines. The result is a common-cause stress that standard planning, which assumes independent failures, may underestimate. In cold climates, electrified heating creates the mirror image: very high demand during cold, still periods.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods-and-limits\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and limits<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How heat risk is analysed.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ol class=\"nx-rows\"><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">01<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Temperature-demand models<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Statistical and building-physics models link weather to load, using <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/stem\/forecasting\/\">forecasting and time-series<\/a> methods. They are less reliable beyond the range of observed temperatures.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">02<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Equipment derating<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Engineering standards describe how capacity falls with temperature. Actual behaviour depends on equipment age and local conditions.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">03<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Climate projections<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Downscaled climate model outputs describe future heat. They carry model and scenario uncertainty that must be carried into energy results.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">04<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Health-outage studies<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Epidemiological evidence links heat and power loss to health harm. Data on outage exposure by household is often limited.<\/p><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">15<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How it is studied, and what the methods cannot say.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-methods\" data-limits=\"true\"><ol class=\"nx-mledger\" aria-label=\"Methods\"><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/stem\/forecasting\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Forecasting and time-series analysis<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Load forecasting with weather \u00b7 Wind and solar power forecasts \u00b7 Seasonal adequacy outlooks<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/forecasting\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Forecasting and time-series analysis\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/stem\/power-engineering\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Power systems engineering<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Contingency and load flow studies \u00b7 Frequency stability with less inertia<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/engineering\/power-engineering\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Power systems engineering\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/stem\/energy-technology\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Energy generation, storage and grid technology<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Weather-driven generation profiles \u00b7 Storage technology comparison<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/energy-technology\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Energy generation, storage and grid technology\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/stem\/resilience-engineering\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Reliability and resilience engineering<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Restoration curve analysis \u00b7 Fault trees for critical sites \u00b7 Fragility curves for grid assets<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/engineering\/resilience-engineering\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Reliability and resilience engineering\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/stem\/optimization\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Optimisation and operations research<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Capacity expansion planning \u00b7 Unit commitment and dispatch \u00b7 Restoration sequencing<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/optimization\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Optimisation and operations research\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-limits\" aria-label=\"What the methods cannot say\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the methods cannot say<\/span><p class=\"nx-limits-text\">Temperature-demand relationships shift as air conditioning spreads, so past curves understate future peaks in growing markets. Household cooling access is surveyed rarely and unevenly. Linking outages to health outcomes requires data that health and energy agencies seldom share, and attribution of individual cases is rarely possible. Energy Nexus does not issue heat or outage alerts; meteorological services, health authorities and grid operators do.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-4\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"energy\" aria-label=\"Sources, Questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Sources, Questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Sources<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-16-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"energy\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-15\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">16<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Where this page&#8217;s references<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page&#8217;s references lead.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/the-future-of-cooling\"><span>The Future of Cooling (International Energy Agency, 2018)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unep.org\/resources\/global-cooling-watch-2023\"><span>Global Cooling Watch 2023, Keeping it chill (UNEP, 2023)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ozone.unep.org\/treaties\/montreal-protocol\/amendments\/kigali-amendment-2016-amendment-montreal-protocol-agreed\"><span>Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol (2016; in force 2019)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-16-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-16\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">17<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-16\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>Why do heat waves stress grids from both sides?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Demand for cooling rises while lines, transformers and thermal plants lose capacity. Neighbouring systems face the same heat, so imports are harder to find.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is a degree day?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">A measure of how far, and for how long, outdoor temperature departs from a base temperature. Summed over a season, it is a standard proxy for heating or cooling need.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is cooling access an energy issue or a health issue?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Both. Cooling protects people from heat illness, and it depends on reliable and affordable electricity. That is why the evidence is prepared for energy and health authorities together.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why can a heatwave cause outages even with enough power plants?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Because heat reduces what lines and transformers can carry and can force plants to reduce output, while demand rises. Local network overloads can cause outages even when total supply is adequate.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is cooling demand an energy problem or a health problem?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Both. Cooling protects health, and its electricity demand shapes the reliability of the system that provides it.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does Energy Nexus run heat warnings?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. Weather and health warnings are issued by national meteorological and public health authorities.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Energy Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Sector Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Strategic Systems<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Scenario and Stress-Test<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/energy-nexus\/topics\/heat-and-cooling#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-risk-global-energy-nexus-topics-heat-and-cooling-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-risk-global-energy-nexus-topics-heat-and-cooling-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-risk-global-energy-nexus-topics-heat-and-cooling-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/heatwave\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Heatwave<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/infrastructure-energy\/climate-energy-technologies\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Climate and energy technologies<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/energy-infrastructure\/energy-risk-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Energy risk standards<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-17\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Energy Nexus<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-17\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring a method, a dataset or a question.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/write-to-us\/research-collaboration\/\">Propose a method <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-legal-18\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Legal<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-legal-18\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Legal documents.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Legal documents\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/terms\/\">Platform Terms of Use <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/privacy\/\">Platform Privacy Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/cookies\/\">Platform Cookie and Storage Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/legal-notice\/\">Legal Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/acceptable-use\/\">Acceptable Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/participation-terms\/\">Participation and Events Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/contribution-terms\/\">Contribution Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/research-and-data-terms\/\">Research and Data Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/ai-use\/\">AI-use Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/intellectual-property\/\">Intellectual Property and Licensing <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/trademark-policy\/\">Trademark and Name Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/disclaimer\/\">Disclaimers and Data Notices <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/corrections\/\">Corrections and Right of Reply Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/complaints-and-integrity\/\">Complaints and integrity reporting <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/security\/\">Security and responsible disclosure <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/code-of-conduct\/\">Code of Conduct <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/trust\/accessibility\/\">Accessibility Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/third-party-notices\/\">Third-party notices and attributions <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Maps, data and figures on this site are shown for context and general information. They are not advice, forecasts or warnings; the limits of the information are set out in the Disclaimers and Data Notices.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/topics\/heat-and-cooling\/#faq\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/topics\/heat-and-cooling\/#webpage\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why do heat waves stress grids from both sides?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Demand for cooling rises while lines, transformers and thermal plants lose capacity. 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Neighbouring systems face the same heat, so imports are harder to find.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is a degree day?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A measure of how far, and for how long, outdoor temperature departs from a base temperature. Summed over a season, it is a standard proxy for heating or cooling need.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Is cooling access an energy issue or a health issue?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Both. Cooling protects people from heat illness, and it depends on reliable and affordable electricity. That is why the evidence is prepared for energy and health authorities together.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why can a heatwave cause outages even with enough power plants?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Because heat reduces what lines and transformers can carry and can force plants to reduce output, while demand rises. 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Cooling protects health, and its electricity demand shapes the reliability of the system that provides it.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Does Energy Nexus run heat warnings?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"No. Weather and health warnings are issued by national meteorological and public health authorities.\"}}]}]}","_nx_i18n_locale":"","_nx_i18n_group":"","nexus_page_kind":"","footnotes":"","_nx_seo_image_alt":"","_nx_seo_canonical":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/topics\/heat-and-cooling\/","_nx_seo_robots":"index,follow","_nx_seo_schema_type":"WebPage"},"class_list":["post-63","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/63","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=63"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/63\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":114,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/63\/revisions\/114"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/39"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}