{"id":175,"date":"2026-10-13T11:23:59","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T11:23:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/?page_id=175"},"modified":"2026-10-13T18:00:22","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T18:00:22","slug":"optimization","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/stem\/optimization\/","title":{"rendered":"Optimization for food supply chains"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- Nexus network page \u00b7 https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/stem\/optimization\/ \u00b7 source template \u00b7 generated by integrations\/wordpress\/network\/build.mjs, never edit this file --><script type=\"text\/x-nexus\" class=\"_iub_cs_skip\" id=\"nxe-fig-engine\" 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auto;padding:0 16px;font-family:ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,\"Segoe UI\",sans-serif;line-height:1.55;overflow-wrap:break-word}#nxe-nwk3tntn.nxe :where(*,*::before,*::after){box-sizing:inherit}#nxe-nwk3tntn.nxe :where(section,header,footer,nav,aside){display:block;margin:0 0 32px}#nxe-nwk3tntn.nxe :where(h1,h2,h3,h4){line-height:1.2;margin:24px 0 12px;font-weight:600}#nxe-nwk3tntn.nxe :where(p,ul,ol,dl,table,figure,details){margin:0 0 16px}#nxe-nwk3tntn.nxe :where(ul,ol){padding-left:20px}#nxe-nwk3tntn.nxe a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}#nxe-nwk3tntn.nxe table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;display:block;overflow-x:auto}#nxe-nwk3tntn.nxe :where(th,td){padding:6px 8px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:inherit}#nxe-nwk3tntn.nxe svg{display:none}#nxe-nwk3tntn.nxe svg.nx-i{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:-3px}#nxe-nwk3tntn.nxe :where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-nwk3tntn.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-hero\" data-layout=\"workbench\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-title-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-theme-toggle\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Appearance of this page\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"light\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Light<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"dark\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Dark<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"auto\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Auto<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-folio\" aria-label=\"Document reference\"><strong>G02 \u00b7 METHOD \u00b7 optimization<\/strong>GCRI dossier \u00b7 service level R0<\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-grid\"><div class=\"nx-hero-text\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Food Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Established<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-accent-row\"><span class=\"nx-accent-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span>Method page \u00b7 Optimization and operations research<\/span><\/div><h1 id=\"nx-title-1\" class=\"nx-hero-title\">Optimization for food supply chains<\/h1><p class=\"nx-tagline\">Optimization and operations research help allocate scarce food, water, storage and transport under constraints. In food systems they design reserve networks, route relief, schedule irrigation and plan supply chains that keep working when a port, road or supplier fails, with the trade-offs between cost, speed and robustness stated.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/stem\/\">Back to STEM foundation of Food Nexus<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Method record<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">optimization<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Method<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Optimization and operations research<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Steward<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/systems-modelling\/\">Systems Science and Modelling<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Applied in<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Food Nexus<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Data<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"#nx-sec-data\">4 inputs<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Checks<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"#nx-sec-checks\">3 validation steps<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Canonical page<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/optimization\/\">STEM Commons<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-register-foot\">GCRI \u00b7 Established \u00b7 service level R0<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section> <nav class=\"nx-index-strip\" data-nx-spy=\"true\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><a href=\"#nx-sec-brief-answer\"><span>01<\/span>The short answer<\/a><a href=\"#nx-s-3-sec\"><span>02<\/span>Optimisation run, in outline<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-application\"><span>03<\/span>What optimization and operations\u2026<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-terms\"><span>04<\/span>Terms used on this page<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-field\"><span>05<\/span>Food systems and trade routes in the\u2026<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-canvas\"><span>06<\/span>The method as a run graph<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-data\"><span>07<\/span>What the method consumes<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-checks\"><span>08<\/span>How results are checked<\/a><\/div><\/nav> <section id=\"nx-sec-brief-answer\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"food\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">In brief<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The short answer.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Optimization and operations research are mathematical methods for allocating scarce resources under constraints. In food systems they design reserve networks, preposition and route relief, schedule irrigation and plan supply chains that keep working when a port, road or supplier fails, with trade-offs between cost, speed and robustness reported.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-3-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"supply\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Console<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Optimisation run, in outline.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The working screen behind this method: its structure, terms and states. Names are placeholders and values illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-food-method-optim\" data-cx=\"food.method-optim\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Optimisation run: illustrative console with placeholder names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Optimisation run<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">Food \u00b7 Optimization for food supply\u2026 \u00b7 Run R-2497<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure's values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Feasible, gap closing<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GCRI \u00b7 Food Nexus<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"4\" data-t=\"chart\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Convergence<\/h4><\/div><\/div><svg class=\"nx-fk-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 460 210\" width=\"460\" height=\"210\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Convergence\" focusable=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" data-fk-chart=\"cx-food-method-optim-c0\" data-fk-xs=\"lin,0,23,36,446\" data-fk-ys=\"lin,0,100,180,20\" data-fk-series=\"Incumbent|ink|l||0:80;1:74;2:69;3:66.9;4:64.8;5:66.5;6:70.3;7:73.7;8:73.8;9:74.6;10:77.4;11:79.9;12:78.4;13:73.2;14:72.4;15:70.1;16:63.8;17:59.5;18:62.4;19:60.3;20:53.7;21:47.9;22:44.3;23:47.6~Bound|acc|l||0:85;1:84.4;2:86.5;3:85.6;4:87;5:84.3;6:86.3;7:88.2;8:86.4;9:86.8;10:83.8;11:81.5;12:79.6;13:75.9;14:71.8;15:72.6;16:72.1;17:72.8;18:67.7;19:62.6;20:58.6;21:59.2;22:54;23:56.4\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"2\" data-t=\"kv\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Method card<\/h4><\/div><\/div><dl class=\"nx-fk-dl\"><div><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>Optimization and operations\u2026<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Variables<\/dt><dd>67,403<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Optimality gap<\/dt><dd>1.1 pct<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Label<\/dt><dd><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"info\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>MODELLED<\/span><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Binding constraints<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-food-method-optim-t2\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-food-method-optim-t2\" aria-label=\"Binding constraints\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Constraint<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Slack<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">Shadow price<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">State<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-food-method-optim:r2-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Capacity<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0\">0<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"27\">27<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Binding<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-food-method-optim:r2-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Budget<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0\">0<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"1\">1.0<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Binding<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-food-method-optim:r2-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Service level<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"4\">4<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0\">0<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Slack<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Optimisation run: the screen's structure, terms and states for Food.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Placeholder names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-application\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Application<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What optimization and operations research does here.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Optimization and operations research develop mathematical methods for allocating resources and making decisions under constraints. They support planning and logistics in complex, interconnected systems. In food and agriculture, trade, resources and supply chains and climate and hazards, optimization supports prepositioning of supplies, network investment and recovery sequencing. Robust formulations help choose options that perform acceptably across many scenarios. The canonical description is on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/optimization\/\">the STEM Commons<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cols\"><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M9 19h8.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 0 0-7h-11a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 0-7H15\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Humanitarian supply and prepositioning<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Network models choose warehouse locations, stock levels and routes that minimise delivery time and cost across a set of shock scenarios, with access constraints and road conditions included.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M2.97 12.92A2 2 0 0 0 2 14.63v3.24a2 2 0 0 0 .97 1.71l3 1.8a2 2 0 0 0 2.06 0L12 19v-5.5l-5-3-4.03 2.42Z\"\/><path d=\"m7 16.5-4.74-2.85\"\/><path d=\"m7 16.5 5-3\"\/><path d=\"M7 16.5v5.17\"\/><path d=\"M12 13.5V19l3.97 2.38a2 2 0 0 0 2.06 0l3-1.8a2 2 0 0 0 .97-1.71v-3.24a2 2 0 0 0-.97-1.71L17 10.5l-5 3Z\"\/><path d=\"m17 16.5-5-3\"\/><path d=\"m17 16.5 4.74-2.85\"\/><path d=\"M17 16.5v5.17\"\/><path d=\"M7.97 4.42A2 2 0 0 0 7 6.13v4.37l5 3 5-3V6.13a2 2 0 0 0-.97-1.71l-3-1.8a2 2 0 0 0-2.06 0l-3 1.8Z\"\/><path d=\"M12 8 7.26 5.15\"\/><path d=\"m12 8 4.74-2.85\"\/><path d=\"M12 13.5V8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Strategic reserve design<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Stochastic programming sizes and places grain reserves against harvest and import scenarios, balancing storage cost, spoilage and the cost of a shortfall.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M7 16.3c2.2 0 4-1.83 4-4.05 0-1.16-.57-2.26-1.71-3.19S7.29 6.75 7 5.3c-.29 1.45-1.14 2.84-2.29 3.76S3 11.1 3 12.25c0 2.22 1.8 4.05 4 4.05z\"\/><path d=\"M12.56 6.6A10.97 10.97 0 0 0 14 3.02c.5 2.5 2 4.9 4 6.5s3 3.5 3 5.5a6.98 6.98 0 0 1-11.91 4.97\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Irrigation scheduling and allocation<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Optimization allocates water between schemes and crops under supply, energy and environmental-flow constraints, stating the loss each user bears in a dry year.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-terms\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"food\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Key terms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Terms used on this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Prepositioning<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">Placing relief stocks near likely areas of need before a crisis to shorten response time.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Linear programming<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">A method for finding the best value of a linear objective, such as cost, subject to linear constraints.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Robust optimization<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">Optimization that seeks solutions that perform acceptably across a range of uncertain scenarios rather than the best for one.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"supply\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Food systems and trade routes in the Lake Chad Basin.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Plains, deltas and basins, the corridors that carry food to ports, and how far each division sits from one, shown for the Lake Chad Basin as an example geography for this subject.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-map nx-cmap\" data-nx-map=\"ctx\" data-cmap=\"lake-chad:food\" data-ramp=\"orange\" data-basis=\"case\" data-focus=\"0 0 2000 1400|810 0 1781 1286|0 0 1042 768|114 686 922 1381|689 747 1017 1327\"><figure class=\"nx-fk\" data-fk=\"map-lake-chad-food\" data-ramp=\"orange\" 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\"><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Plains, deltas and basins, the corridors that carry food to ports, and how far each division sits from one.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Indicator derived from Natural Earth at map scale; a screening view, not an assessment.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G02\/stem\/optimization\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Food Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-map-hud\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 Food Nexus \u00b7 field<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-map-hud-right\">DESIGN FIGURE<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-canvas\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Canvas<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The method as a run graph.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Data from the source register feeds the methods; calibration and an independent test gate the estimate and its limits; the decision stays with the competent authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-plate\" data-wide=\"true\"><div class=\"nx-plate-label\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Method canvas<\/strong> \u00b7 Optimization and operations research as applied here<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Design, not a record<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-figure-frame\" data-scene=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-figure nx-ui nx-dag\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 564\" data-nx-dag=\"true\" data-w=\"1200\" data-h=\"564\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-dag-g02-stem-optimization-n1-t nx-dag-g02-stem-optimization-n1-d\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><title id=\"nx-dag-g02-stem-optimization-n1-t\">Optimization and operations research in Food Nexus: N-1 security assessment<\/title><desc id=\"nx-dag-g02-stem-optimization-n1-d\">State estimation gives the operating point; every contingency on the list is simulated with an AC power flow; limit violations lead to remedial actions and a security-constrained dispatch that the operator approves. Design of the process, not a record of a run.<\/desc><\/svg><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-caption\"><strong>Fig. 01<\/strong><span>Nodes carry their type, metrics and state; connectors show what feeds what; the gates are the validation steps; the timeline is one application. Design of the method's use, not a record of a run.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-data\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"food\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What the method consumes.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Datasets and records used by optimization and operations research on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/research\/sources\/\">the source register<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Data<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Logistics network and road condition data<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Network topology and costs<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Needs and demand estimates<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Targets and constraints<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Storage capacity and cost records<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Facility parameters<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OFFICIAL<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Shock scenario sets<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Supply uncertainty<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"data\" data-nxf-kind=\"data\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G02\/stem\/optimization\/#data\" data-nxf-title=\"Method record\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G02\/stem\/optimization\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-checks\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"supply\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Validation<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How results are checked.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Solutions are checked for feasibility, tested through simulation and compared with historical decisions. Sensitivity analysis examines how results change with parameters.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Check<\/th><th scope=\"col\">How it is done<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Feasibility and simulation<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Solutions are simulated under scenarios not used in the optimisation to test how they perform<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Comparison with past decisions<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Plans are compared with what operators actually did in past events<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Sensitivity to assumptions<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Costs, demand and capacity are varied to show how fragile a recommended plan is<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Optimal solutions can be fragile when assumptions are wrong. Objectives may omit values that are hard to quantify.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-connections\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connections<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Topics that rely on this method.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/food-water-energy\/\"><span>Food, water and energy<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/storage-and-cold-chain\/\"><span>Storage and cold chain<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/food-trade-and-markets\/\"><span>Food trade and markets<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/food-system-shocks\/\"><span>Food system shocks<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-stewardship\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"food\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Stewardship<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who maintains the method.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/systems-modelling\/\">Systems Science and Modelling<\/a> stewards optimization and operations research for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/optimization\/\">Canonical page: Optimization and operations research<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-12-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"supply\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connected<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page leads across the Consortium.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/optimization\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Canonical method page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Optimization and operations research<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Platform application links to the canonical method page.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/systems-modelling\/stem\/optimization\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Steward platform<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Optimization methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Systems Science and Modelling stewards this method.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-13-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>What are the limits of optimization and operations research in this field?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Optimal solutions can be fragile when assumptions are wrong. Objectives may omit values that are hard to quantify.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How are results checked?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Solutions are checked for feasibility, tested through simulation and compared with historical decisions. Sensitivity analysis examines how results change with parameters.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Are the values on this page real?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. 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