{"id":179,"date":"2026-10-13T11:24:53","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T11:24:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/?page_id=179"},"modified":"2026-10-13T18:02:39","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T18:02:39","slug":"agricultural-production","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/agricultural-production\/","title":{"rendered":"Agricultural production"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- Nexus network page \u00b7 https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/agricultural-production\/ \u00b7 source authored \u00b7 generated by integrations\/wordpress\/network\/build.mjs, never edit this file --><script type=\"text\/x-nexus\" class=\"_iub_cs_skip\" id=\"nxe-fig-engine\" 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Ly\/tdouBUiqSGXioUSf1Fy8vpycMNFB\/\/PLyvsUy91gpjKjNck35zM2MstBNTa8sCsyMmgYO9ACAd08cpZv64FNO2HAnJ\/Jfo1YOChKMaeZylVLrxz30gdy7sPpgUFAUk7MC1k5SuZpTM5Ggd\/zXVCyuFKyBGexVsLxeUo6+l\/lOANU8ioyEDSlEVNnSLWfKFu4EaEeuv4KuTm5jeHlLOm5IxkmjZBxbxEQ4JbeV4q5gQDlEf+yMR67rFo2copHu8EKLeGt\/6VD5AAAys7ZcyaXc8oOCmeXF5gpY+uwcgydmYova5ibEaeQwXjkK+LOciR3GEzVRHKmgld0rppGMHJSWYT7YOEjGO6mzpAtQbKS\/WHuLVps7YiHz\/9rmHnNP1Db3fW1zA3eSuxtiTscy0AQxpxO5vSHmBIYgGH9lzCkH8y+V5l9spdL8S6X5x620NP8CFzhAC4JBdUe1t+WS8l2vF6Gf2bcnYRxgWNPLOEQ2Xd+ed0Ll022xQIXHD2qNRSK8iNDVdjvsP3EDU2sdJIuYdK1Sgvv2nDq1J1qOWIrkgCWUlXIGnvq0E7jJOqsMxYyFvUg6UTMwFLN3bbv1QxG\/2oOEoRzNQ6+V1BoHoDUOWW5HLLdTZr8\/pWzi\/mq0WMZye8ByW0AYSyqDE\/YbVigdMK\/pgHtRv3AHxbDsyZ0YxQTYx+KhMPtHuEiwGdULCpv5jHRJzEfEqRVLJJNZAt6mMJ4cE9pZvkmdWSBvqbsWR3r0S7NuBjs0mTb7aD1RFcmp5m21C1O1AdaPzhOa83qNosKx+7TerCpoDuqWzVq2n8RxbWZ+NbXnNsbS5ASej9WD1BdQEx8rNXwM+pg0nbfxbjZj\/ff8+Lh9TBxCFM7foF8t5hpwJWwFC3yyTvexv6n5i1HuoAY0dQMJ51wqWbSghWGS8nAUyywg8IvCwJYhEWENKrUqtwfmqbbsNcXq\/cmaHZ4F4fzgeRrFmUvGQsyco6PFYmEv3ttJOjpq\/\/jjj0fPYzGNyAH6QF3lAl1IRJxD0pVXeXsxqSoI5+dE48SQOLP8a5x44QmeDr0oqrHj283A\/8lxGfh\/39IC\/6cY+D\/9C4H\/X\/eE+VmA1bsC+kwG8ztFauRT7m2FdMMGZp4j48CQblI+tCkbuoF8WLYpG5QPrZ0+bxhQ0wTCKqrrS6ocVpwgsXyNEQysodr84Z8O4+Ib3jNmEZNuYp06fuHUkFVLmXbTHVh\/d4YQBN\/YGPUOtmIK4a6o8CvJEt\/TfVHjV7MomqLKqKkEoTcqcLPFwqCSSGaVlzBRxaKCciCqeFiuZ1UouAsYaOFYCPY3WkudW9KX0EOYka75QsQy6u8OWM1qUaHMIuZElyiT0kau678TzeBKYnhO4lqQ1n\/GeU4weuYvcT4TiJ2x1JmoaFbFMiDbLvtrLCPzPSF4WmMYT0JPbjQ8zKMExvHjKePlM6YNsdT9KR7CIYkly12r\/B3g7g3cVieo0hMDwGyRRx3GRspEL+jTTl4pN7kswuwz13VTusrd1JQZuxkqJg1Z2FabsmMWWyeURe6vRspyxq337D2tlMImSArtK4OgTWTgwH0pBf1yln6eVkp+NaDjQU1H6n1hmTWQlF3qsPG+XtOSBa8FzWZeOtkKm8UYNuMqNKZCfo4knLfmzMZJzGWYcCu9INvMVMg8gokJSZGYYDa+tpmWkEXytVC90bBxso1QbxYQSfSZ4RckD2uy6QyT+7nALfMhwwM2xbF9staz3TJRz7k24pKK2y0wPJo6bjNBX12ZEDXJjYXhJjk4Jf+P1mVLRInUk04GsOJam37pUzBK2xLTr6m94UATdV7pv9P7nRv8XUo3O9dQe13TJwIeCU\/h7PAsm3lxXfWZzEJrTg4kBC6ZFL9F7Er8oFKk\/HVSI4JOzgm4afI4FN1dvebFq9BKfxNSFkzD2\/lioEAIwlTmwXt2EKYvL2QYeYJATrysHyVJAA0Mz8afRUhZLaNTFsM8CvZNYg+7kLqeNNi3YAOr2BO8EcJZGEUKAGwkQVRvYM9n4YFGZwUaz34\/Cs+1puBfxLTTjdGrhXysLaSfRPk0lpZ6lqRCSQ44riDG3AvOz0R6DmnwOXLU1G110srWSwupGeChBJa5AfZSIY04hxJsLAa0xt1Y5rgGIA67ca\/dP291iZf5PA4gSu6QgGsPuEPUHzy5oBx\/gUqJmRnqF3WaEJulclECO4PFvuORJ8I5P8jCP3gNSx1uuodnYnyQ+cmMu+gxlQviJ5FcDoQYYTCNwI7zafdQtojzqVqQQ1zqDI9PGBvIiJzDs0EuBBzaW8IQ8kGNArAqHGkjnR+aEQIp254rkMX4nKzhYAf8Ts+xRK7WIAmW50RbLOlo3VqxUHlg4SwJdiRSYhohrsnhgaa3SIDCAqCDIufCJS1yAIkbLkbC1CrziPuCB67aLYfQZRJ3FRH4eZryWOi4klsjtIflqMWAQ8R0UY+dFE7AGrIBtqJuUkJbvUwUOnK31ckr2s11F1HeZyDRwT+Y9XyYa58N3USdqOmqjA0I8JNEGpTdxFkJJ1nD\/4RIk2jgGkM7W3QPz8INIlwUpCThg1aIzJ07Ws5saKdePCmP+TRyDmghSVy23uY7vj3w0m4mjCH80NMYsIANbZ86QxtY0J\/gTfKFt7CmoV1nhlhSc6JCC5xuNvXgEPAZ\/j0nElXwW3Ugi2FaimgDAvPbsxXV7FUtzL9WO7SzuYZfNct5uUxzjQiHtt\/Q2K9a+3pz4AADuVmD2matfqu9WohRAepCHfVYVDEIfCxEA+jyihkJxQvVNsOHopky5nSwuAQLOtPPdV1pkuHwLIjqoATgydh7BknqXHBIqAMnjMBrcn4WCFxGLo9OgOdDnJ8FsGzgStBYTZIr3gflGtbBFVEuTEV+UFyfFZS1i0GC88LJUp5VkhWRPuM7ZfPsVmR2yOW3kL2nE3015mUdy+G8PiAePk55wVoVAWwvqycX1iQH3sgL40zAGTt7UC33OfZdMehzOTucylgBq6qlEgAChKeFegVPUpE4LCbR1EElID2yuQEbez8La5wQJuLvZ4X6dN8MzeAvQjN4EzSDt0PzCgCyvyAcDq9lQjT5EA6HPOWxX1NPCmre2oC6cNd3oRTuciseNpNCWaADIzdq07y2Z8LLvTFxie8dmnGpRdcVfbkx\/0qng32dHv+pTg+Bl5yUvCQo+MhJAx9532\/A\/QYnwaJyW39pdJ+gN0Zzn4hkNIo4S93Ds3yDv0Z8BO68c1SRD8+isKnaEnLusQQvCpUwLI\/Aoo4jtnScwBWg42Tu4StMq9ClQXn1kxxzSEt518AfsQ2pM3EsczbV2FnR46aCovT5w9pODOQ+REU7G3sz3lV\/Iac1eyKlRICy4hV8KBYTu05BDgGWTAPsrkbtu24p8iUBlbuSS3LJFLFUZuJ8Q1GXWAUbP+PSfgzsJN6yHiW+FUqymmbfaL4U8BiBPZz83Kybq6o6FWcalitiKUg4xZIchCEeqxLuCiWN8yhYEDlXgoHgc+4EU\/LIuRRMkqDzRTCe+c6MDeEyEucnpu7LcIRgw6lwfmFRGDu\/sigZZc5\/GLjAHS4YepCd31gc+vzGe3Y8wXjkPLNsPnL+xcC95PyNQezlK\/wMBIMwo\/MHdMadhWCQTeJcwMFxTzg3gpVhD+deMOXQdG4FQx+a8yQYuGycTLDJLLxMgqVzjc0i\/ilNps4\/pMb+b7dHngkjS8IIOkIII9IHQhjxocaHKvCmPLfhv2NoDL+W8AtCCOUhDyLjJ0PhHlnd34N3v9vd3wPT6Dq8Z5l9+E27R6OwU7IMX2wfGaX2FK99GYrqkoiuZ0+9mToISp1ev+I6X\/UDrG2rus7Bqt+R8lDjTq3Oxk081X05Q8HK1OryfL\/Xi02zCNEbvDjRahPaa\/flIdfyvh1uvzsKGRQVFmdtKO3GhPTd1u0T4I7L2XtK1bUTzXW61\/rzWyeGa9L7PWB9uTDvjkY7Z8p2zVJNSXLUn8DnXK4SL6\/3gJO+Z61uUA3N4A4iQp1AhzzZs\/oNwG6RQwl8XBKAOgMcb41M13WyGZd+Urg3oKQgdb0ROk1Z6q7WLIf\/ApaVyVYjLu6SRNwmAe\/Wngx1YiF0o25kw2VGc\/4x4lMeCxXcQFMa42byhLkNJ\/JAdTVCSle+G0J3F0Kk4SCHc1LKfUlfXhprFHOk8mBogkFEni7v0QORpBdRZJCe7KOvJKSMByS1eIBMoEh6QX\/H8GzgrtbaFQb\/rl1hIENG26\/\/Gy41wCO75a0cgx4U9t3Jep32hn1XnhmAN8detjmwiAmlqxzaYRPwKF4lseCxWK\/hKpmYp58fbq5dD3NbinMCG0gwDnuVW8Q3D0n\/kL687GhUiRTVEnpe4lotbXRn0xVcdaUejNUs5XMei3s\/TaLIAcFW3lr1QFdreQST2ykPcp\/XaGzhcjvQYywnxy0Hi\/AGm0Wt8RNcHfPx7ev7cWt9R+7HXtBnY3e0a42nbtobY5rQlK72rfW1C4vILja7uqbs3p32rrGPC\/0mlvv6LS3weFEcjPXhlCW7gr8XiO5LNaDrulfFbUMrrZyunmRIacUjZ8Q84VyzC+eSXTpXTMwi52JNOyM7q0HG7ile9oLhtd64r8Ejc8hHOnWxRzcR2I6yG\/h5i4A9VoDd6IA96g+q99sNKKF3JA924TyyS+cGQb1FULWRXXgdAS2ysLjNY8FT7fRAfWpy\/bANCmLQrHCa3z2VYGmE9BWSHUvTH2gUmn6lq6\/uw1plildBIePB+kqPFpR9c78K40ulY39wW50PZ8UInQ8FaXx2n3of+uznIvoIZZ\/cVufT2Wf7omj9CVr\/LLHz2b7ofeqbxmf7svepb8lH+u4bBkI\/yyDC6rPNoxqWvsA9S59tQOFnYeAP9rPKSMPGNRR9tj3BtFceqlckqr6c4d1rTznPxEUcTiEsFX9KvSk3ZB7wjpoSkd82Ym6w5oLx6YAHcLsPbn4nZug9cVZrlvFICoRxUkgGOLoHVX42lyWzeCR\/ZPPRl1w1G0MuBU+h5bo8u1bnZMRWbrNwBh5CUMBLMRkyn64MuAVIdtML+27tCdJPqFwZn6473ObTUGy8L0XN1mvlest82qSWTws8M+kN+9Cr5I4D4I5QDJZ\/NoOyj8BJjZgvDq7yTCRT+UziZ2c4sYgZslXAhRdGjs8G+WAQ8UzuKNC9k4wHiv3WRuhw+0mDX7vopI61EGf75L2hLXBd2TzjddywhK64jEEBZv3yZo2t9ytxA32QQzNU4qZAojzNMawd5Bj2Bv2Nza8bXIQpFQrbNTD5OaHUdQtFy6dl4E7aZcWxu\/3gRmHA0yaIl26rszybFBAvkSUIY9Jb9plPlcjb2\/dizOP\/o7p2an0\/ua3O09mi6PsJ+l70nvq2suDxd7N+BJ0S+p3rhpgl7SNrxHUC0jaIP\/biEUTowZXshAyjsY6\/pkg7I75J\/aWqWy5zKcB9pyqFl8ERsEkeb6AI5QR+M0XojNFHfaqRVCr\/LWGJ0hjfvtiaDQHj\/e2IoVu0UJGKUlvwTKAuu48sgCaaCBlxL\/PHfJDXHVCcYgBhBxplSCqsHy\/epdhB4oKGWCdEPWtYiscxJAT7bFWy6yBPHSORTqsgTxkK2bIEn9a0Exm0MxLGkBYpgWAtyOTsDrdx0DoF5cgb5OSGKc\/Gjfw17DbNrhf2ndBRt7rBpYhGTvcyXkk5eQ+YL1za8zp6oGW1sN8N6reGfDfRnuX6aubsxPYjOHT9K7gR5PtLrX2xnMaEDYwlm1Bc5k51de4dh5D0lwHmiKR0BbKgXmZoV+4WIVxtTDwcVyTKhlZA4dYTtb6Biyue0ZXvxT6PNuR5BlnlzaJeG1Ouqlo4A2XyCuikpagDWekazHNqJxLm2mWmkQb3Ll1eGiF9QpmPa+u7rY5fpYL6xbombtjz+\/vsQojfFja8Q2iv1VcxWpBdURdiufjLDsIpskf5FAZyHh3JI7g9ToRqPE6E1hieao2XUkvtoOKaqTuRhvowUuEc0NUSk0ekSj6gK5xKA8dK4kqtRf0OG6Z8msx5Q1vUGye7uxtj8tUb+4PG2OFyd4dBOH17h9AYO2xYOPDSE4pZrcmCNA5YSy8gbLAlwNcV3kUTsKhvRIQ1L7qCX+wAXr0MZ3VtbzaLljdeOsncCBUhgGkHl5a0Vg7pum5YXPNQjqyrJZKcFFFhC9cvrsbGOy2G8s8qCKdOyMLAKV9dIzcuRLuEirCqoQ5KGCj1OslTnzvJywvJQ8gG7QBdz3cKnTosjUCoPAi5b3bsGYJrbQy7w7JuqMo7ckcotoVvuMPazBA+fWLQzb4JiXC2NR3Yh+XN2oValBYqFVBWRzMch+rocSLjOXQ1hLBCJtIkHmHAqKiQPndVvsY3IAynXoDY84ZKk9TidwPNoyTjd4N+Z6hC6cQ0JlrEXMVJJrVgOVHxdtVyX6wH28P79bg8TmfSGEcfyqwFjKDj1OJEFLiYKTRgEb45g2CD5qcadkr06iyzJsHYwk3tZDjMuHp+Kp8\/o1O+I++AC832ibk4X1qn3dBaWO0TB0rYyPXN9gks1Mh8Oi96lm9ap3Q1cn3ryWofr1M7E8uI26Xr3q3dz6QJ9TJf9BQuQDDJ7Jntqh\/JekoUzV00247oNL2El8N4dIUQ3nFfIIGLEFKXJNi\/WaDMDAUrCv5lJXAolvkFUX9K0j83AhtKH+ue0Yc4phraHNoYEzk6ZkMYWgJgDm0ZITk6VrCMw4A\/6JsM91e6saFQpa14p1F5zrW7lUXTtfwbwqJSl6cheEkZf0NL75mo6xdTl5\/H3eZE4PKyTYo3lsO95ZQ6LYgHpO\/gUvvyCv5japL\/Ih2xU5WP4XYIxRc9SssrdPYoPmKcTweg+mT72w3DKOprQV95nCGoHWUI4CRIDTYsEd7o1pty\/ErBgqdXXsYNlLsqWbsLQS8HQmK5PCoh9TW48a1+2xt4PjbmDrGxXBlXv4rCQPmVe5MbvFOoupK\/C7qtqkC+XbnlRrXs1G0kYJSyV8uH0lEhsyK8hoQIrxf3Wepy24+SDAw15SsicA0636FIyuybYvHSbmo\/Pg4n90kqXVJ4zzkSe9DL+3SVCjgu38vxckD8i5cly2MMxdvqj7KWyTCMQHcmZt7HPsuOs7rfOCt9yjGMkqFPt0RbuuGEE7a4TIKQw91JaIrU\/e+pe5Gm3lK7GxvPMqgrsaXMwpP3DQsw7hVZNkCqgWu1WaaFR\/Kayxydwlmjng75tUB6HpzExUaQpfETBNE6+Nik\/yWpICzeky+s9Lj9HahkYlQZg7PyGxMgF5JUVCZPxMIiRTRSuaGBnigaqIiv63f9pilmc8xvZQM36SZ7GihbQzGfIRy+Vb8HxZWxYXbr3RoTWmiPQ2pH+J2RKxmfN1T5gFJHtl3SrtV2Jtay4LOLd7G6ckWuVFpbKeTNPA6uxmEUGCmErzT6imuMWaeurv6AlOPgLWPVHVwyDTneykDO8Vp6I+6lzXYcRP5QqTkgagPi9zPgoGMXBIqTVyHX4nI5eg4MAHpUkue7QG1SbrrtYiuKBiaggpt7mIC0nyVDzF51YiEmMJOk5slqsmfR2tE9WYWFQPUtPqhxxtEOAwdviUPEsRgCEbD3veqm6eIDNoVh\/L8a75TrxBvWiQNC1RsvuOl7\/eIrEHnvpF+757qzJZm2D9mFbobyqbTOMSxchZiO6SpQR6fURghBT2XlQxsPba1jFWbCnCUnB7brOzkc+oNEEifvHeNl2hlhQyfvvccH0pVcVW0T1SXUUtqFP45exGYiw7h9icFyQT5t7ImZyBDd8Ubs6eDWu8Uj3mduLC+OrdYDntv9dfUdgXaHV1uFKxaKb8qPB8jIOR5RLr9rc6Yqu3GPy\/v7nVh+XEAxe8OzVFWrT48M1bwqw8+ylCCpPkxDdWKVRfA5mRIRvVi7IretJRfMtr6h8g84S9NIsM8ZKHD5nhZLaNGp22uKGzS786auuiRTefECoKUtq16d1qKdYENMVOk8rGYUzI0UPgglr26lipHsAlqet5RMBYHpZX111nkg4KM4PsS0k53vPw9JcbVD0A0apLBS1yCr43UnOciHGJM0FB4kj4e6SsmbuK3OpGJMk2KrLt1Pwgh7kz6LNz6PtaSae9NX2xVayhRC9ouxZPg4pPKv36eVxpQXl0QEiZ9Dlojtp9wTRc7I7b3RcNT+uNVqHeH5vBIDncXGAmLWVqupYlkq5NVpYjh9unGTdC6PDS8p\/tvqBkLN7+3jhgHUCTs1WSAtXaQuijvMnyBDxoiZT50Vug2cX4yYJd0aP0oo7SZO+eAoTZChWPHRb8zB0QVGGx7Ox4P6T3QtitiOvCh2haToZOzZifXso59qzOuNWymmq3hjzmofsXJDrUVhDxq00wzMa7vmWd7go0H7P4V2C0FTlaR0AEnv4MxOhgeXUTLoxg6YFfDTAF1\/BXqt460Lq6+ZzgzioQXw7e5aVcgAw7e7a4NT8FmkfOjmndSG+y+ixAvgU0x2Con4cZLMeMxT0ikcChDNjbylKxXMTjkkHPSo61fQtR+F\/sSgnYyLh3DKk1zo3naAKOXzZKJBlOMypNqOBiN7x\/5O6XrNTlqtkrWjFS7jw9VHwKTTvkL1tP5JjFqmWaVIbKegyVVR+yvWPu0Xa5\/2iwtYjnqE\/R73VcyM0y6k+vL6V\/sOCTmUri2+puraW0Zo+fv3GJTD32MtCXui6Ui9vvwaDfwAU0Z85l7QVX+ld60lbY6s4KLSesxr1mMqGVvei2s6mi3ScGpQuvZkfVpZ+K\/oxtpIwZadmhXJI\/KLQgGMiiDWVAJ1ALKs7OFXzRCOqNHUAjvj5SXaN4GMNnzUJ6qfFY2SmGOuH54LxzOj26LpHQGPjNdco\/Yimr1wRQz4Sie8\/GEVObjqEa6x98BSJYwkM88PBfyCd63qUbXV6pNYWENvGkblE572VL8XRX5vxCFnGA7d+2A6MjLzwlhYSQqHIfobOfVxQ079iAswv3LBg3vY\/0YMbgC822RDBU5rKnBmumkvkvfjB7BgxTepfgHPkQF11CQddLMGJVNxFVvB94kqdaCoQ9bw8aoN1owsiYCnoAi6qePrNlw99IsHKZlbM2gwjV5eBN0Gklh4PMqbwbcMwQDoeJv+ILgwByTDbjFOt15SBKD4SCgdkO+O6XbLIk27bCoLsK26meuvaRZ4mh7ubmiEjLRbrf9qqC6zxnfUq9VA4nXw0KLcgHCBzzgUnOAUwzjjqbjkcHmRkTDPHoZpJpCfVxo6Xxz8dnN9z9PQi8I\/eGpQ\/HYHPjwkpc9R+xLdlkYOffw09Ua8k9qJFGsbweV8p8D0vXjuZYR2crk6rtfJFfLduJPbSFMxsBqDHAeE2kHqLXAwI2Ut1kJJDl+XTFBW6x+m5EYA4WMEiqep7uCGSvR\/QW2W+i6yNieEfmHhzOdp1AENApKKcjGEK\/hNHvtJwL\/d\/QREnsQAvh6Q\/lA\/syMge65RNUEKH4ajPOW179D+H8\/6o2X9aPWPRiEjlvrCE\/pTgeWWzjg\/m3fxf5UlXbjkiiw2Hm0msu3wc3I37U6Ekcpu1lIL\/B8jNgn0TuRtQUf4cwpytWDq5cdLZ+Ajk0bkLB6BBjkDb5L2tUq41azoc4ZsUeIYf0d0vaZ6aCxvhF6l4aFCdyA3eqXyB26+yYk6z8KI8Gb9oNjxLCg3NPtz4G1OGcdfFZ6ftwKbFYNIplCjM8IiYWS05p5Z6in1Al28mhoFj8r3UuZLdmSxy9UPcCtDqvmu6HXKvWBZxtubMyC38uv6vfq5JHxZd0hJ6ZY2SDf4KOKOVLpOkey1q40cnNC+W7NqAkq7gVM+lO64PcEOmYfVf8WpVMCDbqUd8GBHAJIav6FtPXxDK8m5L2qD58N0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yXXIL3HwxBdMURvHbMkgYUKt8wC17opz7yxIbPAijfuLdVAIgWQaAqQWAEkNgZyyRYVjJuvl\/bFa5rlOU3Zi6bl10trXmlbSaOXtc2TskkzmCc8ANaiWaKL9eYDXVzZWy28MyhgLsGm2yD2Heuotx3yRh\/EMd6dhbrT9KmnH7qovQHf\/rp1CtpNBeIXSa+ttnFfGqFW1\/uDtOrrXNrsycg111387A59zpxmZnEZXgGQllnx4mhXx1hrV9p6VJvv23vS9torYNIWaabXMc1VCwG5YF5HXaqnRYIQyG9r2xaCjw3UWbIp1TFEu1JTXdAJkIrbFvaQP\/RBsTgPwRc62sfbnt8letXgGNJ21oD4petsgQPTja5s1SAq3reU9SO6oxObGodEiYPQvT0dOHHSYQ5ptt7jTANHdK0ATVN9wQ1yEMF8uZf66vYDcO\/p+mIbx1GutXGUqpM48jZEgpP2H1IfiNHdbhsCyMUEio5X97msphBcgOt9D80iDV0dDeUJE0zwVlwJm8h1Bg66fS+UgUvtnFStgFMugPN1ZmAhvgLmgwdpEaeOZzv6bKcaj9CjR7\/qOqPuW0w04Zir6ZWLPTRwG6JbbL7q21DuJWa+LZ01alIkkScx+YjsbGYEmrZsiKPLxIWj4kPkMHH9LMFBHGmwwB6RbCY+Lrzg6\/dKzTIbEKCP1Frj21R\/WNzHk9oIx6SWYe1r9sSredyVkYJ0m9HPbHEZR7K3ZoUP5NB7gFndiEFED\/8FP1+R\/1OJs8yii8yyYhHYJLMV9YXtzSRRVv+O0Vj5BAZiqLcqfQCfacA174918jHrUtLjesIIPbNuXNk5QQnUNwPqTAHapWUx0ejgSRS+5j2x2\/zGaJtXwepSQYz7uasgoCje0TEjatqB8izHhBodL1BjqqRlm94eC2l7LLqo097UPc8zWJ6VRr2zwrwIKfOi1NSogRgpIEYrrcnQYOAav7fBcXI1CkbmbSmj2R9e4AfeZuoFbvUKQX5Nq\/J0HUyEe0rjwH8i0P\/ry\/r8vvzelMOLzp7Lf\/adA3++5DW82j9dqfdw5rsvDmWSdL4H0le+rhm7pRd8RwFSY7A4FJIKvJHxtSasBNTHLjODg4YjeW7zUNC+eJW\/a7n+dwPD1deLlaOoZ1Cg22ty1GkJtHDWtuhVi2TBqV64A41Rtr7dApmScHbF4XlZZTgOtY3lFCwmQ3ziGkXiqSwmQ\/Yxym3bU8d64EhEwoZxmdffHtyH56vC6bqCZwiaL+6K8b4ecfydCGxPXrCwdqnBm9q7OZ2HJHscyd3DbQGmBzv0qm5qNutQPTVd7rZ+YkJbk1xN8HwOw\/FUbJMyoQlT741OvXfPqffNgPFaWpsGKhxNLiO0wck0dNPn2Ogso5q\/s\/FRXboINVlD2Bjz7Voz0UP4+MR1hRdUsB7NLGiGhpLfxnuQzKXOKCmsV1fi2OEHo846epXsnMN3yQmIyxCsTCV8zxPRvDzBhscfMs4fdvqhuvsxhx96fPc6+9Aw73X0oWBOOfm4048+VE8SASacfdz9tLMMBX7YLZnkzMZnGQVY4YS0HsPpBIqqPEPJev5L+8tdF+w\/w+aPFciK+lNWbD+YWYvWlyyhKf3NWbUyORFMGqTpyh1lIw6u6eqdCPdzbRdsXzPWcGBPmnJxGQdzpRwLWLaQ58H9O3gBVQMkC\/xf80u9+Gfy86S0\/v8Ae3M\/qh+2PbM9\/pgdmhvlvTZpDqw\/cctgm3\/GIsPx6jIVEz+\/E5d2FzoE6uK\/YS\/a1Vgfhub5qdxOCITKIaA0I13RApx3h1yuQYCDQWrYNFlxqHeLh\/jVcR5WD3Vtt\/\/zHu5SpMFoaqTLTn4D2NJ5uTeSk76wNO2v29AcJ8nCvAdaUonhTyCVdz9cRtc307FvuD9Ngjp+\/R\/szbTb9ZRuzbVmR6LMBdODVFSIzLvLoCFM0IMQjXjHE\/OOzC9NwilTwXoArIzbpWWeleavV\/CQ1QjVl6ucMGYYT8EyMnHyIw0RJ2TnZ5m3+K\/E62a38GnvFndt03kucPYt+265km7KWDAtD60r2+fFRPL2vk0+Y8FXWDS10t2JoeffiCfk85jPoiTpkhI0nqcuI84R5ufJua\/bzDlJ2TQwUaW+9rqs2GLy55lFFyjnrZ5I9fnjWXCG7GlRN1n88tGmbRoY0WMc7iS1g3TBF0w6hnu5eqqG9sTahaf4FIoxdd2THl31PQnjJ\/c3ZLC02ozdvV+KfgnRhZayoobNwl5YDs6CKnja8XgZojWhQE\/XE1+hx9O7G5GpeMsS+MxYqzUXTHw7nYvPM86Z1AkNjfdjAg7oNhFxojbcAd8PMtemsyMg9tR1J6gqxHP+wtfjV5QJJIV4VMERBu2zGLnvCe27FXfniA66ZxLdO0Q3iH3xEZ1cH1\/d7gnCJEarEcsO+unfS3Rbix8boISujTn8zJ0hWkDnsmqmEJR2AhYGON4VueqWh2qIneljOFqwMDlAcg2vmxy2jwHnUMLK3mKrmCpq9Wz1WJ0ydJ1\/xn+e8AxND\/UQQfXTPi3aRQEoKQs4J\/ylA3eyXjM4i+wSoruLEfZpcisC1WwqkuZ3GjoLbPaEsGAOoIGrKWOAcVZngjyEE8IcO7iRFYHk0A1i3D+VlkJR+a4LUfxMmdyAw+dH2nEdYjaZzYU98+nGwOpKchFsxqfS7qQjGM1Wptx40Pwbi9tgKnQJeW7bLqRd3E6SA3bYFkjCbiueyWy1q1pP3wk8AIeFrdFbVFs6veWFBhsxloUSLUSy8VKueeNwCzRBxmzmSxXUEfIT18i5Kxu3lm0FM+RxgSEV8HrTfjoy3Kx4scpCET2r4\/3+CHoq0Tn6uQO6K8rmS5fb4HnZ856IG4Pv4HJ5S09oqaxuA\/BGObqqSde30o6PdeZErqYLqStnVDbHCX2RZfAJwOXkU7z6xmFAfIUX3voGHLoYUXj+9uA8PA89WAnENg37VE+F48rg4Dy1UyF5MkiuPwOSL4OEKTcVUiCD5IczIK1lkDBHTYW0kUHazKF4KIMUzqH4VgZpO4fiji1lKHsOzR1HwZxzYMkZ3ZtDd0fK6o4\/h\/KOlNmdwJT2vLY20U3e2eCn3nQ\/+Vu3PGKOmLWbkKbsINGjhUO8\/kl8TTfirEizImugkGaqgsklhkmLLzL7o+8yJ+TfScT+77qwfPlvJA88nQIcK5Y00jjkQ0HGpDyBrGDyBybK\/IGJWf5AGvIz5f4sFpsYT0Ukh2VaBAKbs0lae+SVQKVB8ribJ32oVEKHSiV86iqNIqlCn8\/er8Xe8DpK3hdxJTe5cxLb08m2biCWEV34YLb2+65ojqSOzhdvyV9kmLIfibem74tcXZ3L7AQOcDpLrG22BqxaiRZwMw6WNh2x8hSoB9RmF3iFVp2XjVH2lf7tTiynKLlIg6oIQZCgxJ7ynCFDYehJUdMjeRG5Cj+2JoXCCNoSEfMvaOtDVtbF\/\/nfi\/8K3y\/14s8IlerjYa9K8hK2papuz8GhrVB5r8vNUbIsMhJoz41XLI2mS8OAzrKkdptZ3V+qBbWemYthA2POLxd4gcld7EIcKGQXo0wzG9UKPVQAJdb49gCaHNSdqyBtPkLpNdFnL7nEQrnk0WfPTf\/uMQTos5dNdJvdMwhW3b8otdxyrzH+ypo4665Jv9Z2j\/YGffa8lXn3aMfog38A1uGCGH3nhmr\/H54uykShHK0c\/I+cVl6CPiKtMM62hlb2Cn\/MqNS9LKVPCtBHQp\/UR5+b0pFqSUalJP3\/i2LGC4vLdWOcAIAHxAX7UU5RjhvaXCFt35zDRW+66WUXJ\/VFeb0yG7DLJjJywvhIb1W+Qenur7avch2fhGLnnshkM+MTLdksfji7g+hbyblQzvahlOLJOusy2HIbPc5MO0Y9J5D7y4YTyYfdTAVsdLQLxAxrEupNWytsDisnNGHnEfdgeT\/+dWQoGn99KcTzqNBwp82HJEmXrwsGksseOksW48Y4qWbzeA9MViyNMJoEuztAlm\/iqjYc0cxFKssTbbN1HyfBQw7J9NnCW7PCn87f1Xm3BtwoPTPZrg2eVAwWzWDNSnaEkKYigI4jUKpe5iDF1LlDZ+eNOFr+kGOcvxG5cE9JoTayyw3x7Wuc5HNhTwbRn\/3oKqH6u9dRiMTiQyd4Dvd9TgmaM8k3PIeWZ6O\/27yGlmtPnUnUtVlSAVkVepuvQl83oGpuROApyV6Z8sjUDqWza+nBd2JyPBPqdGQHC5S7vPIOsP6dOimL\/KMliNBFOLELQw9lPMnImZ9e3gPpRB9kez4eC3AVZYM0eHZ+D084R6iQC3Q\/tXSjaX9yX2sDb+rEzAlhXAUdRF2gSOUxDoNJ5pU34yUk53TCct7uCOovT7QqjTyRFz8LeUeWc0rFYrZGmnePfGeDWN4qzWh0b5JbzLg56\/e1jw2YvOB0YIViFvh4MFcdUmaHsfdUth17NswnopHTpxdflmJXq9fOMBrq4KFkSmRymOSi1GrBN283J3Edw+Hpd1e2CDf5j1g2V0DnPgnPx\/Fb\/LzocWwLyVOW\/q60\/Gf03Z0Nb9IDBkhnvjY9X4x5ElxJ3TCHrl2DvwhOf8H0PmQJGiU3STduQmJWaW\/y8RbDWDTHgaPRbJH0\/A4pMD9ypvDl9jEUScsw+\/yAtnH0Ewp9p0cfb\/oGBcoM4DMK84T8yf7E83pVvtXIZjEMB+sVQ7XzydAGtUlUAKeZZyQ5s6dXn+MDUdur3skbOJ1jm0+M7c4ZmfoG+CYDDJMcWzRPTINFZYbnGWTcrDi5K0VC+ekmtD7n6vUW4S1ka2ytCxv35hjmT9UYTEreG7bHFua7mR0pwOp8jrax\/RilutCTmY5on6xMasvD96mA5Wen9mcrOoic0P2WFS\/LO2JEFay\/CiqhCTdOEaa6hJtbW57K9hPPjGOnRC+tlsO3bVot5x8C5fHrAba9IjRI7xp\/+vHTFQPHnQ1nICB1MFqubgfHh1EvWYydxe8XlrMfdfQwpDju92f5efHmgY11YDZUmidAk8X7aUYMkT2ZjMmCUePTSdnL\/h9D02GrYTmfEA65BGJCI2PfwmW9yT7NOt6m3HW0uaxvmxkDS7nAbJgG4d1t3FKmphXv8GZCc\/nIDYe6mX6Mv3fi8yn93SPbtplLB6UyydMzG7szcN4L33WF\/cLtdurerjYQ2ax1yP4+zyBu7OdsrnrIHNdZ3Nf+PJpzKo6hUzu5GgzIhTM5c5JvBBl8M92Zj0a83J2Q8WlWKXjKF5bL+5m97zN1UthPtEM5LWYk1CVEtAJ3uIQd6Om5XaYkfJOwW+Brpk\/xLpoyDsN4gu4eGTtN4bFthqFt2dsAxZH2Djaz0QHiS4oR13PTey20vtgLuvnMcncD6mdh2rGDbAqlWPfiwptnWmHl2Bz7wpO0qMJc8Yp2xhtwom55748XNSuiSXreJSvtYNLHDLVTipOxdusaf2lvgqquHLxQHY8qHERzEFFZ8Oi1gTHCHoG8o87vdGgMti0gw9lypYY6H2ifUPYE6pfWxDu289F2mBVxxD5l71+yYlFXh0j+3sILuIgfPgRoT2Gw+I9BYaY\/jUb5ub9Pzad3IVWtuBCWfvOzJcUu+USVcxdDt2Mq2NcZWRMccMr2ql0PlMjp7l\/sn5D9f4X\/IMk8h3dI\/90gLea3Ya6QDFwQAq2ov6fZ+VFe1ataVcHZEVuBNaN49F1jrES17yZHaTz07o6HY0XB4j2mYN73kCY9naz+ETbg1T+ecuLe9+x3s9479wDU2ipptYHmeDTYH3aOmU8EXqC0o5KJ85tGJ7e9kPJjn+CqSaWPLUqcQLYviffeTlYdV2WeR6CindLIxb2NncE\/Aa\/drtO0+t5vmDvWXfTtmDUQi27YDxqR4bbLeobzctAzHkodQXPi8oZxKLqjMjr3sLMC7yFY6qvqo6GQPqspDwf6VNw2xLmFOZe027Jxj2dkELAyTXwtNFxEl6Ypiys4nyGoQBG3nhjtcmXSPQd80nGJq5tu976P9qBVHjh1wN13ibvb9A3mFFn83JFmosfcSFZuSVfEiflcwbqGyeDEfN9rbFXnE9JC4zfFrNCWvn7o0\/SzjKLtk7AWNVqrPWitfSJz90YLhoiAoCPjWIQZqqBpj6t7j8Bkn\/7+Od4Fk25An\/D+0N1L\/qC7Za5T7kpMVcz4BM4miXZkoWr3yMPRZ5pVo\/ck+KVJ8O2XjUMF2alhWsdLwmXc\/\/ulbrL0w+pP\/FiVsCLYvEFYsJEAEaghrp4wuN4z4X1dEg9sJL\/ZW4tGmokDpz3n2f1IH+65l+lKwozjBsNTmOfZuc5qA\/zav0lMzXVQwrrlSnYnpIXqpI+\/0Uifbg65OgnfR9ioT1dioUfKDDQ6BnMpbYOOeQzWnLbBm0lHl4CpLjVtMKIpS6NtTQN9h9wuJ3AePINGk8ksRVlgokP2Q0AdPM+DQWVzabErUekITmXb9yrJZFCsbqNPINwqNzPyM7cZ\/mAO4wYmz5+WB5r0U10KfRfy26X79EdVq1Abx6UILFx3zCbOJ81qD2sViOHzKCGpCxN+qOuxbIOoi6w49CkHqSSGpPflle\/FlsaEyEeAxM\/ztGkSR0OlR0Llq9BBiM+pC+ojUsaGnIhDMsQX+IGXZd29eE2r8nSVJB22v3ru96aU\/vR9LGk+GS+JhL9pHXOgdkckxtEPKCx+NampIAJwZP28VOkd7LIY7odbgLOqHYjgZGnXDc51PSuTtJbPIiFQsWfAZIKbFeitKrBkHBpKDGXsm6CCANWlJOZ4ci55WDyglzDgB8bFD5+1kBGTfHPvEyAvOSYROyZGFWG4W+AHomtpp+XWME\/b7m83bI4d2yi0yJMxvGCRDFrWPdDhHDYJLujPe49VYdu6732LhLnNIp2lnNzzMGaZlpcfBq51bvemEFlCwoffZ\/swMBetIMlAPtyAxlkV53AB2vvS8\/v4VatwL\/rVP78vcVLY3+MVTZa1xGmA75ycmeBiY\/+0CO2fEBZh8NPCtX9atb47f0KaCdPbxv6JdQO4G1BKIQgCjSGL1NPQh2UPL59BgWLa5gZxyy\/jWejyq3kTrb0rrHmdZKuQmDpG0oiOdE900XvZGxwmuw6JHQ1bZ4D7ZfZkcDeJM9SHCY31gmI\/rygFVleBUmXYt00gPeXZ4udFnl3vY3zhYT+BleGLSfZqpnjgdNMS7cOcD5yWD8Yu\/\/nKnS2phbhsoe5p8H3CoMc2pC0TteI40qgqJfjBZtD\/WigDuRSkNZ5rJlk67403kJlka7dSUDcrXKdiyeW0N+6QHCFWxq+ztyIqWYWBjoWWmpx7VAizPxYz8eegzPSi5aHc5ToPJx6bmh2IL\/D8+ZeO7rT0aIpZ4fFmcMuKI6yyRiY0hNrIPCrjIaVjOL5ejUQcdaTZG2gzYyR4vRo68tOTSecrHOXSy8mQT9uwXdQCVlm8WzQguuQAg6iFFIK30XoBrjcBSMuyuUr2cZK3g9dbTDfqH3E\/r4tcv+8dI1J1Wws1+CgvjVCNgcusNjlma6SD8bR19k3dfXtIyrrO+nr3Q8fsmeMeUXwz+iZHGKbzrSSK0QtvpLoUFcEpzP+EMLqx+edIIU1aeGeel0VbPtFMWPzsTLs5l8VT0hA9BHF6FCG\/C\/SedOTaERQfb0dYwdlXmbPUZyrrptSFUHL85EvK9wYef3xr4s+AMm871eUbbI5lUvOnoC7pnqpVju4kKrMT4cycPvquUVqjuSZj5tBGylKxZmH7nif1FmELVXMxQxmlSZmDN\/aD5VP5zDpujgyluBJUaDM1I4v75MGmKoAzUaOnlTitujUyEpySQ8L7SDEzUEp7gqB7aoNEXtr05vyJ3pNnkkfppPf0mZccdPGZ1uxI22FdlTm8murI3gSTQ9fBoZS7uMoYufPV+QFun75Wr5wgO\/thtqnD1EAH4+6e+h3\/idb+\/\/xiISM2M61tE1SOTpjYVQ9E+vMoviQbF67JS3c5QHUlRf9WsxkNiT7KCEGvmpVBS9EAoV13+gvTEZwO5W0YHcp740N461asWg6lvAG4M\/809DDvzMOJYjthFXjndyM63exo7EoT3o90Deosgdw9gUyUCXcHWLdDt6aaGzumpxgUZTFRdjIujsi\/PpzqBCqGD\/wHW8MUtnCZf6TZhrhqxzhbkuGJ0RqA2TdZRjXKGzjJrkElVPZ0\/piD0myiJptosvwhdPSwMAghI6dAZs3JVxRRPPmDE1XFwybXb77mEJZnp6ypZS6lFG036\/jIFsyw8X9dV1OQEMGdlAPG7vO\/2Pvu+NslOJyW+AVaQLTCU79KbPRL7TiYw6W8ACRdVmB6BhWqL2JrGju2jBX3Ud+GtdlDZ6lAY0ANd8jh\/Rnb4\/xyxDP0ClpVXM2jKKlXPENyjSVS7sphg\/hlcHqjcjfb3+8EcvEzgsunPFQxMUp1N5rSGh3k8DmEzyc9el6n7VZ2t3kS8XeuYNN8KPA6X0crg4Xy8+ZadQiXY7VGNeeMsWrdFVZqYipK5+ryZK9tW9nfz5JM8PbXraxSCVPGbjwBMmc0VgyJyc+meOfoXSkCRiBHwZSqYqp4H2wuNaeY8tuiTm\/k4mPaTO0jFrD0Bad2Wo5V\/kpflPmEuwGcqzKZdgfszOoH39YYmeDahH5rXYJIjX0UjYm9scBXJWtWDKYvjJUeh6io5DaC2IaTYcv5yuC1PkEig4T3XYuF6q5ABO9LwfvfZ2Pmfle2JdkAXqz69aCLZ6EzI43CwhIfly3mo+91Sw2eb3OE6oFI+BD1bZEQI0IY6vEkTb3rBPlYSVRbiaRIsooIpqHrzg7KVicJSRE2E+sohcUkRTjokx9Sea30yexaYeQuTVAxyq7X3VbwqjidWG8rKRKIo6rekZzCNOuFqPos3gsu+bjO4AxNJrrTXdA1ZgGpyDIpVE0EgBamKhVdC1J6iJ3RXVG+jfQG4ljZW\/vbULnLxh+fKiLVVZSsy7TRYcaW6pSWfJSNda+6hpxAg6ZMyu7uFGMi3+72hpoJhlE2bIkXV72LipvEoOMFwVa7SRAJx8u0qnwzkVfM+X3kmC0TMYrDtD+UXsS3aVROVaNtQxAg3U2XetdShG9rurjL9ha\/Wyh7\/Ur7Rh7lVj1J6dqSWysqomhc5eq6muPhx\/WkFSH9kOJpQ+LX89q2+X5H5G\/f87Fs5pCTlyZc7wU8jPRdQ3DlGtUQjCEMioRvhZ51YYPU47gEtRBlKi2aSnfwa4nOTLgDrCEJYInoFqJJJUGK\/sIb74uQX6QdpicdbOm4Ii74xTsgUmWvKLuTZtRvoBEH7X7tcMIZAmO0YeDtjn769xIpmPixARJWMx0NR4mGvlYuw4xZA6\/iwnUlfEXWlXE0MdWBcq7v1McBXA7CKBhQ\/G4vEFLfAbqNgsIQyKToW0aX+jpZLh5gIZ2TERGBrUOvV2HErdrBj9k3Amcds6uEHatCWBQG4FBusavJanYlqzlYjGCM919DISmXZqPL5Qh+lXOBILa80HQVj\/boGnbprA27tL+GEvp6Y9IyzcsysU3HvzYA5hgCc10DYMZkGgf2phXGivXk0mJ3M94HJRXl\/ch2OenMBWMzhxI4TJCP7mRhUVZR1txJfXDH1nn9BpojPxx8hDRZEfjFqcsevl9N9yqX1whrZzkKvXUm\/vbgPDwLyqE7ob0rae9NaO+J7Y9T2vuS9sFyjDur5rg4SybV4GTr60+20w9Xg+Vg9AixMj9j6KoeKo5Eg6flSPINiC8GrejAZ49gsiEJaS9UWSnNtie2byFxBX\/fJPEVddXF5vvwv+euLyovS1agIlVd14OHlD2WICMj2WzadmwGlQq+QpAvPIlzHjrlnWqUXvs4KZsMj95XL7jxLthgJPK723tk7OMrHKI71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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n1te4e44.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-hero\" data-layout=\"dossier\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-title-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-theme-toggle\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Appearance of this page\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"light\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Light<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"dark\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Dark<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"auto\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Auto<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-folio\" aria-label=\"Document reference\"><strong>G02 \u00b7 TOPIC \u00b7 agricultural-production<\/strong>GCRI dossier \u00b7 service level R0<\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-grid\"><div class=\"nx-hero-text\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Food Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Established<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-accent-row\"><span class=\"nx-accent-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span>Topic dossier \u00b7 Food Nexus<\/span><\/div><h1 id=\"nx-title-1\" class=\"nx-hero-title\">Agricultural production<\/h1><p class=\"nx-tagline\">Agricultural production is where weather, soil, water, inputs, labour and markets become harvests of crops, livestock products and fish. Output responds to every one of those drivers, and in many countries it is concentrated in a few crops, regions and seasons. This page sets out how production systems respond to stress, how output and its drivers are measured, and what the evidence can tell ministries, producers and insurers before and after a season.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/\">Back to Topics<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Dossier<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">G02 \u00b7 topic<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-brief-answer\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">In brief<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Definition and scope<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-question\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">The question<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">4 mechanisms<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-terms\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Key terms<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">4<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-field\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Field<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">H3 field plate<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-indicators\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Indicators<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">8<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-pipeline\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Pipeline<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Run graph<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-sources\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">7<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-decisions\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Decision holders<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">4<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-methods\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">5<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-register-foot\">GCRI \u00b7 Established \u00b7 service level R0<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section> <nav class=\"nx-index-strip\" data-nx-spy=\"true\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><a href=\"#nx-sec-brief-answer\"><span>01<\/span>The short answer<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-field\"><span>02<\/span>Food systems and trade routes in Kenya<\/a><a href=\"#nx-s-4-sec\"><span>03<\/span>Crop and harvest monitor, in outline<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-question\"><span>04<\/span>Agricultural production: how the\u2026<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-terms\"><span>05<\/span>Terms used on this page<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-indicators\"><span>06<\/span>What is measured, and how well<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-pipeline\"><span>07<\/span>From sources to decisions<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-sources\"><span>08<\/span>Where the evidence comes from<\/a><\/div><\/nav> <section id=\"nx-sec-brief-answer\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"food\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">In brief<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The short answer.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Agricultural production risk is the chance that crop, livestock or fish output falls short because of weather, soil, water, inputs, pests or prices. Output is often concentrated in a few crops, regions and seasons, so one bad season can matter nationally. Yields are measured by surveys and crop cuts, and monitored from satellites between them.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"supply\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Food systems and trade routes in Kenya.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Plains, deltas and basins, the corridors that carry food to ports, and how far each division sits from one, shown for Kenya as an example geography for this subject.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-map nx-cmap\" data-nx-map=\"ctx\" data-cmap=\"kenya:food\" data-ramp=\"orange\" data-basis=\"case\" data-focus=\"0 0 2000 1400|498 67 1020 1122|763 142 1199 1106|1098 163 1510 980\"><figure class=\"nx-fk\" data-fk=\"map-kenya-food\" data-ramp=\"orange\" 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\"><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Plains, deltas and basins, the corridors that carry food to ports, and how far each division sits from one.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Indicator derived from Natural Earth at map scale; a screening view, not an assessment.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G02\/topics\/agricultural-production\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Food Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-map-hud\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 Food Nexus \u00b7 field<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-map-hud-right\">DESIGN FIGURE<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-4-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Console<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Crop and harvest monitor, in outline.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The working screen behind this subject: its structure, terms and states. Names are placeholders and values illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-food-harvest\" data-cx=\"food.harvest\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Crop and harvest monitor: illustrative console with placeholder names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Crop and harvest monitor<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">Agricultural production \u00b7 Main season \u00b7 Crop stage: grain fill<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure's values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"info\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Assessment in field<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GCRI \u00b7 Food Nexus<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"steps\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Crop calendar<\/h4><\/div><\/div><ol class=\"nx-cx-steps\" data-n=\"7\"><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Land preparation<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">done<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Planting<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">done<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Emergence<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">done<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Vegetative<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">done<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"now\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Grain fill<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">now<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"todo\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Harvest<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">next<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"todo\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Post-harvest<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"chart\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Vegetation index, season to date<\/h4><\/div><\/div><svg class=\"nx-fk-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 460 210\" width=\"460\" height=\"210\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Vegetation index, season to date\" focusable=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" data-fk-chart=\"cx-food-harvest-c1\" data-fk-xs=\"lin,0,23,36,446\" data-fk-ys=\"lin,0,100,180,20\" data-fk-series=\"This season|acc|l||0:39.63968817004934;1:37.948104589339344;2:34.72358573246747;3:34.87863259185106;4:34.79214863749221;5:32.81630360381678;6:30.79111065585166;7:31.595149359852073;8:30.31118892999366;9:26.758280474599452;10:26.841076884884387;11:26.265751646924762;12:23.547318991459903;13:25.00853825015947;14:26.756387930735944;15:25.710569789167494;16:21.67895951271057;17:22.505687724053857;18:17.969590095616876;19:16.58415666259825;20:18.11941709695384;21:19.069801007024942;22:13.212354279309508;23:16.076823203638195~Past seasons, upper|s3|l||0:45.63968817004934;1:46.14810458933935;2:45.12358573246747;3:47.47863259185106;4:49.592148637492215;5:49.81630360381678;6:49.991110655851664;7:52.99514935985208;8:53.911188929993656;9:52.55828047459946;10:54.84107688488439;11:56.465751646924765;12:55.94731899145991;13:59.60853825015947;14:63.55638793073595;15:64.7105697891675;16:62.87895951271057;17:65.90568772405386;18:63.569590095616874;19:64.38415666259826;20:68.11941709695384;21:71.26980100702494;22:67.61235427930951;23:72.6768232036382~Past seasons, lower|s3|l||0:33.63968817004934;1:29.948104589339344;2:24.72358573246747;3:22.87863259185106;4:20.79214863749221;5:16.816303603816777;6:12.79111065585166;7:11.595149359852073;8:8.311188929993659;9:2.7582804745994522;10:1;11:1;12:1;13:1;14:1;15:1;16:1;17:1;18:1;19:1;20:1;21:1;22:1;23:1\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Yield outlook by zone<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-food-harvest-t2\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-food-harvest-t2\" aria-label=\"Yield outlook by zone\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Zone<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Expected yield (t\/ha)<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">vs average<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">Confidence<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-food-harvest:r2-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Highland zone<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"2.5\">2.5<\/td><td data-sv=\"-8.110538311302662\">\u25bc 8<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-food-harvest:r2-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Coastal plain<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"3\">3.0<\/td><td data-sv=\"-5.741741311270744\">\u25bc 6<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-food-harvest:r2-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Region North<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.8\">0.8<\/td><td data-sv=\"-13.055351835442707\">\u25bc 13<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Low<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-food-harvest:r2-3\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Region South<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"1.4\">1.4<\/td><td data-sv=\"-1.4092495737131685\">\u25bc 1<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"map\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Field assessment plots<\/h4><p class=\"nx-fk-panel-sub\">red: crop stress observed<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-map\"><svg class=\"nx-cx-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 480 250\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Field assessment plots: schematic on placeholder geography. Illustrative.\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"cx-sea\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\" rx=\"4\"\/><path class=\"cx-land\" d=\"M439.6 125l-20.3 31.7 4.9 43.4-73.4 18.2-68.2 24.2-78-19.8-57.9-19.2-86.3-5.2-3.8-40.9-52.2-32.4 45.1-33.7 21.7-35.2 52-29.4 74.3-18.9 75.1 27.4 60.4 11.5 91.6 3 35.9 36.3z\"\/><path class=\"cx-haz2\" d=\"M316 112.5l9.2 31.4-32.1 25.8-49.5 4.5-42.9-12.2-33.4-20.1-20.1-29.4 12.2-32.4 43.4-14.7 40.8-11.1 50.3.1 15.6 32.7z\"\/><circle class=\"cx-site-hot\" cx=\"86.6\" cy=\"128.3\" r=\"6.5\"\/><circle class=\"cx-site-hot\" cx=\"181.7\" cy=\"64.5\" r=\"3.6\"\/><circle class=\"cx-site-hot\" cx=\"264.8\" cy=\"74.1\" r=\"5.4\"\/><circle class=\"cx-site-hot\" cx=\"150.3\" cy=\"101.8\" r=\"4.8\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"152.2\" cy=\"179.6\" r=\"6.5\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"217.7\" cy=\"178.2\" r=\"7.7\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"143.5\" cy=\"174.6\" r=\"3.3\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"113.5\" cy=\"190.8\" r=\"5.2\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"254.1\" cy=\"45.6\" r=\"8.0\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"234.6\" cy=\"58.6\" r=\"4.7\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"367.8\" cy=\"45.3\" r=\"3.8\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"114.4\" cy=\"179.5\" r=\"7.8\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"79.7\" cy=\"41.4\" r=\"5.7\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"282.4\" cy=\"48.1\" r=\"7.1\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"129.9\" cy=\"192.0\" r=\"7.1\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"392.3\" cy=\"173.6\" r=\"6.1\"\/><text class=\"cx-lbl-s\" x=\"464\" y=\"236\" text-anchor=\"end\">Plot markers \u00b7 placeholder positions<\/text><g class=\"cx-north\"><path d=\"M458 30 L463 18 L468 30 Z\"\/><text class=\"cx-lbl-s\" x=\"463\" y=\"42\" text-anchor=\"middle\">N<\/text><\/g><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Crop and harvest monitor: the screen's structure, terms and states for Agricultural production.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Placeholder names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-question\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"food\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The question<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Agricultural production: how the risk develops.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Crop, livestock and aquaculture production systems. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"2\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 12h-2.48a2 2 0 0 0-1.93 1.46l-2.35 8.36a.25.25 0 0 1-.48 0L9.24 2.18a.25.25 0 0 0-.48 0l-2.35 8.36A2 2 0 0 1 4.49 12H2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">The binding constraint sets yield<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Light, temperature and genetics set potential yield; water and nutrients limit it; pests, weeds and disease reduce it. The gap between attainable and actual yield shows which constraint binds in each place.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 22h14\"\/><path d=\"M5 2h14\"\/><path d=\"M17 22v-4.172a2 2 0 0 0-.586-1.414L12 12l-4.414 4.414A2 2 0 0 0 7 17.828V22\"\/><path d=\"M7 2v4.172a2 2 0 0 0 .586 1.414L12 12l4.414-4.414A2 2 0 0 0 17 6.172V2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Timing matters as much as totals<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Heat at flowering, a dry spell at grain fill or rain at harvest does damage out of proportion to seasonal totals. A season with normal rainfall can still fail if the rain arrives at the wrong stage.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M4 14a1 1 0 0 1-.78-1.63l9.9-10.2a.5.5 0 0 1 .86.46l-1.92 6.02A1 1 0 0 0 13 10h7a1 1 0 0 1 .78 1.63l-9.9 10.2a.5.5 0 0 1-.86-.46l1.92-6.02A1 1 0 0 0 11 14z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Inputs tie farms to energy and trade<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Nitrogen fertiliser is made from natural gas, pumps and machinery run on diesel or electricity, and feed for livestock and aquaculture is traded globally. A price shock in energy or feed reaches planting and stocking decisions within a season.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"4.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m10.2 6.3-3.9 3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"4.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"M7 12h10\"\/><circle cx=\"19.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m13.8 17.7 3.9-3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"19.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Concentration amplifies loss<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">When a few breadbaskets, varieties or export regions supply most of a commodity, a correlated shock in them moves global availability. Synchronous failure across major producers is the scenario that matters most and the hardest to estimate.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-terms\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"supply\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Key terms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Terms used on this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Crop yield<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">The quantity of a crop harvested per unit of harvested area, usually in tonnes per hectare.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Synchronous crop failure<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">Simultaneous harvest losses in several major producing regions, often linked to the same climate pattern, which strains world supply.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Crop cut<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">A field measurement in which the crop from a marked sample area is harvested and weighed to estimate yield.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Vegetation condition anomaly<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">The departure of a satellite vegetation index from its long-term average for the same place and time of year, used to flag crop stress.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-indicators\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What is measured, and how well.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each indicator carries its unit, its cadence, the kind of source behind it and the evidence label a value would carry. No values are shown: a programme supplies them under its own authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Crop yield<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">tonnes per hectare<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">seasonal<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Agricultural surveys, crop cutting<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OFFICIAL<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Harvested area<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">hectares<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">seasonal<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Agricultural statistics, satellite mapping<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Vegetation condition anomaly<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">deviation of NDVI or fAPAR from the long-term mean<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">dekadal<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Satellite optical sensors<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Yield gap<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of attainable yield<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">multi-year<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Crop models against reported yields<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Livestock population<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">head; tropical livestock units<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Livestock census and surveys<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OFFICIAL<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Capture fisheries and aquaculture production<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">tonnes live weight<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Fisheries statistics<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OFFICIAL<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Fertiliser use on cropland<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">kilograms of nutrient per hectare<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Input statistics<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OFFICIAL<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Crop condition class<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">categorical scale from poor to exceptional<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Crop monitor consensus assessment<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"indicators\" data-nxf-kind=\"indicator\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G02\/topics\/agricultural-production\/#indicators\" data-nxf-title=\"Indicators\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pipeline\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"food\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Canvas<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">From sources to decisions.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The topic as a computational graph: named sources feed the methods, an evidence review gates the outputs, and the decisions stay with the authorities that hold them.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-plate\" data-wide=\"true\"><div class=\"nx-plate-label\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Pipeline canvas<\/strong> \u00b7 Agricultural production as a run graph<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Design, not a record<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-figure-frame\" data-scene=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-figure nx-ui nx-dag\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 564\" data-nx-dag=\"true\" data-w=\"1200\" data-h=\"564\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-dag-g02-topics-agricultural-production-ipcc-r-t nx-dag-g02-topics-agricultural-production-ipcc-r-d\" 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qGFXpyVf+AqGug\/yAUIw84sEAU2t7+c\/EJUPCSqHqEKhwS7VlIIAagUBTclnLoS6qQI666Jg08tO7V1+gQ7Nt51mDbM0LJxs6vQoGJ7e\/td9Putmt+MTd2a6Qhhwdtis+RYPsV64n01\/Gn+9v7\/hmZTq+GX++H1+Bye1VywHIbrJQPJV2lVZz1mTN22IN1XVdfKw4XzymmenXU2uawcmRoJiq298m47vGkMK606wcWflrxgprwwOX6gXsOfOh7l5e2q4vyPMETPhN4B1FDcNeol5Pfnm4n7bIKu9A6SJsaFR1UM0KxkAiv3c6A+JkYN51kinsOckP9wdEz1dVR9m3+WmruOCW\/ZpWM9AoujOUGfWb7fGv11fjyedxi9DsJU1Yxk+AzKVGRjMuKiZvxlfcp1dZzIoqSrPqfasi3FAJpN\/EP0xubj\/\/tW3iV9k8j792mnhiNPEtIcH\/Aw==\"><title id=\"nx-dag-g02-topics-agricultural-production-ipcc-r-t\">Agricultural production: risk as hazard, exposure and vulnerability<\/title><desc id=\"nx-dag-g02-topics-agricultural-production-ipcc-r-d\">Risk arises from the interaction of hazard, exposure and vulnerability (sensitivity and adaptive capacity); responses act on each driver and leave a residual risk that is monitored. Design of the process, not a record of a run.<\/desc><\/svg><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-caption\"><strong>Fig. 02<\/strong><span>Nodes carry their type, two metric rows and a state; connectors show what feeds what; dashed frames name the owners; the timeline is the cadence. Design of the pipeline, not a record of a run.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-sources\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"supply\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where the evidence comes from.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Named public datasets and institutional records, each with its licence class. Sources by agreement are used only under their terms and never republished.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it gives<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">FAOSTAT production, inputs and land-use domains<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Crop, livestock, fertiliser and land-use statistics by country<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">GEOGLAM Crop Monitor<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Monthly consensus crop condition for major producers and for countries at risk<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">FAO FishStat<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Capture fisheries and aquaculture production by species and country<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">MapSPAM (IFPRI)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Gridded crop area, yield and production by crop and farming system<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Copernicus Global Land Service<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Vegetation indices, dry matter productivity and phenology<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">USDA Foreign Agricultural Service PSD database<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Production, supply and distribution balances by commodity and country<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public domain<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">National agricultural censuses and surveys<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Area, yield, holdings and practices under the FAO World Programme for the Census of Agriculture<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public records, terms per statistics office<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G02\/topics\/agricultural-production\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Sources\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-decisions\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Decisions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who decides, and what the evidence serves.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Food Nexus prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Who decides<\/th><th scope=\"col\">The question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence this page serves<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Agriculture ministries and extension services<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Which districts, crops and herds face the largest production risk this season, and where to direct inputs and advice<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Crop condition against the seasonal outlook; yield-at-risk by district with its label<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Crop and livestock insurers, and index insurance programmes<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Whether a loss index tracks actual farm losses closely enough to pay fairly<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Satellite and survey yields compared for the same units and seasons, with basis risk stated<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Food reserve and import planning agencies<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">How large the domestic shortfall is likely to be, and how early imports must be contracted<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Production outlooks with ranges; supply balances with stocks and trade<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Producer organisations and cooperatives<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Which varieties, planting dates and practices reduce exposure to the stresses now most frequent<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Trial and survey evidence on varieties and practices, with the conditions each was tested under<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-4\">Outputs this topic produces<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Production profiles by region with the concentration of output made explicit<\/li><li>Seasonal yield-at-risk layers with forecast skill stated<\/li><li>Input dependency maps linking fertiliser, feed and fuel to production<\/li><li>Synchronous-failure scenarios across major producing regions<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"food\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Core questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What experts ask.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Production is where most food-system risk begins. Weather, pests and input shortages act first on fields, herds and ponds, and the size of the loss there sets the scale of everything that follows downstream.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>How sensitive are the main crops, livestock and farmed fish in a region to temperature, rainfall timing and extreme events?<\/li><li>Where is production concentrated in a few crops, varieties or breeds, and what does that concentration mean for exposure to a single pest or disease?<\/li><li>How much of the gap between actual and attainable yields comes from water, nutrients, pests or management?<\/li><li>Which adaptation options, such as changed planting dates, tolerant varieties, irrigation or diversification, work in which conditions, and for whom?<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-mechanisms\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"supply\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanisms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Drivers and processes.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Production risk arises where biological thresholds meet weather, markets and management.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M12 2v2\"\/><path d=\"m4.93 4.93 1.41 1.41\"\/><path d=\"M20 12h2\"\/><path d=\"m19.07 4.93-1.41 1.41\"\/><path d=\"M15.947 12.65a4 4 0 0 0-5.925-4.128\"\/><path d=\"M3 20a5 5 0 1 1 8.9-4H13a3 3 0 0 1 2 5.24\"\/><path d=\"M11 20v2\"\/><path d=\"M7 19v2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Climate<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Heat, water and timing<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Crops are most sensitive during flowering and grain filling; heat and water stress at those stages can sharply cut yields. Livestock lose productivity under heat stress, and warmer water lowers oxygen in aquaculture.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M6 18h8\"\/><path d=\"M3 22h18\"\/><path d=\"M14 22a7 7 0 1 0 0-14h-1\"\/><path d=\"M9 14h2\"\/><path d=\"M9 12a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6h6v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2Z\"\/><path d=\"M12 6V3a1 1 0 0 0-1-1H9a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Biology<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Pests and disease<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Pathogens and pests spread through trade, wind and changing climate envelopes. Genetic uniformity raises the chance that one outbreak affects a wide area.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M2 20a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h16a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8l-7 5V8l-7 5V4a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2Z\"\/><path d=\"M17 18h1\"\/><path d=\"M12 18h1\"\/><path d=\"M7 18h1\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Inputs<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Seed, feed, fertilizer and labour<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Availability and price of inputs determine whether producers plant, feed and harvest at full capacity in a given season.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How the evidence is built, and its limits.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ol class=\"nx-rows\"><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">01<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Field and station data<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Agronomic trials, farm surveys and veterinary surveillance give direct evidence but cover limited places and years.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">02<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Earth observation<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Satellite indicators of vegetation, soil moisture and crop area, applied through <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/earth-observation\/\">Earth observation and remote sensing<\/a>, give wide coverage but need ground truth to separate crop types and stress causes.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">03<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Crop and livestock models<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Process models simulate growth under weather and management scenarios. Their skill varies by crop and region, and they often represent pests, disease and extremes poorly.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">04<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Statistics<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Yield statistics from national systems are essential for trends but can be revised, aggregated or delayed, which limits their use in a fast-moving season.<\/p><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"food\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How it is studied, and what the methods cannot say.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-methods\" data-limits=\"true\"><ol class=\"nx-mledger\" aria-label=\"Methods\"><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/stem\/agricultural-science\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Agricultural, soil and food science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Crop simulation for seasonal yield risk \u00b7 Yield gap and nutrient limitation analysis<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/agricultural-science\/\" aria-label=\"Agricultural, soil and food science: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/stem\/earth-observation\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Earth observation and remote sensing<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Crop condition monitoring \u00b7 Crop type and area mapping \u00b7 Irrigation and water productivity<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/earth-observation\/\" aria-label=\"Earth observation and remote sensing: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/stem\/forecasting\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Forecasting and time-series analysis<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Seasonal production outlooks \u00b7 Staple price forecasting \u00b7 Anticipatory action triggers<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/forecasting\/\" aria-label=\"Forecasting and time-series analysis: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/stem\/spatial-statistics\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Spatial statistics and geostatistics<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Small-area estimation of food insecurity \u00b7 Digital soil mapping<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/spatial-statistics\/\" aria-label=\"Spatial statistics and geostatistics: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/stem\/ecology\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Ecology and biodiversity science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Pollination and natural pest control \u00b7 Fisheries and aquatic food webs<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/ecology\/\" aria-label=\"Ecology and biodiversity science: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-limits\" aria-label=\"What the methods cannot say\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the methods cannot say<\/span><p class=\"nx-limits-text\">Official yield statistics in many countries rest on small samples and farmer recall, and are revised after the season. Satellite indicators show crop condition, not yield, and mixed smallholder plots are hard to resolve. Crop models omit many pest, disease and management effects that drive real losses. Livestock and small-scale fisheries are counted less often and less precisely than crops. Production forecasts with official standing are issued by national statistics and agriculture services, not by Food Nexus.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-15-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"supply\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-15\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>What is a yield gap?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The difference between the yield attainable with well adapted varieties and good management under local conditions and the yield farmers actually obtain. It shows where better water, nutrients or crop protection would raise output most.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can satellites measure yields?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">They measure crop condition: greenness, canopy cover and growth through the season. Turning condition into yield needs ground data and models, and the error is largest on small, mixed plots.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why do synchronous failures matter so much?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Because trade relies on one region compensating for another. If several major producers lose output in the same season, that buffer disappears and prices respond everywhere.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Are livestock and fish covered?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Yes. Herds, feed, animal disease and fisheries production belong to the same system, though they are measured less often than crops and with wider error.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does Food Nexus forecast harvests?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">It can assess production exposure and publish scenario analysis with stated uncertainty. It does not issue official crop forecasts, which remain with national statistical and agricultural services.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is aquaculture included?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Yes. Farmed fish and aquatic plants are covered, including the effects of water temperature, oxygen, disease and feed supply.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Are smallholder systems covered?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Yes. Smallholder production is central to food security in many regions, and its specific exposures, such as reliance on rainfall and limited access to inputs and credit, are a core concern.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why does genetic diversity matter for production risk?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">When large areas grow the same variety or breed, a single pest or pathogen able to overcome its defences can cause losses across the whole area. Diversity spreads that risk.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-rel-16\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Related<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-rel-16\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Around Food Nexus.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Related\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/food-security-and-access\/\">Food security and access <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/soil-and-land\/\">Soil and land <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/food-water-energy\/\">Food, water and energy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/storage-and-cold-chain\/\">Storage and cold chain <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/agritech-and-innovation\/\">Agritech and innovation <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/food-trade-and-markets\/\">Food trade and markets <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/\">Food Nexus home <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/counterparts\/\">Counterparts across the Consortium <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/\">The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation home <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/trust\/\">GCRI governance and trust <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-17\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Food Nexus<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-17\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring your expertise to this field.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The current service level is R0: information and enquiries. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"mailto:contact@therisk.global?subject=Food%20Nexus%3A%20Agricultural%20production\">Write to the team <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/agricultural-production\/#faq\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/agricultural-production\/#webpage\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is a yield gap?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The difference between the yield attainable with well adapted varieties and good management under local conditions and the yield farmers actually obtain. 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Herds, feed, animal disease and fisheries production belong to the same system, though they are measured less often than crops and with wider error.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Does Food Nexus forecast harvests?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"It can assess production exposure and publish scenario analysis with stated uncertainty. It does not issue official crop forecasts, which remain with national statistical and agricultural services.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Is aquaculture included?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes. Farmed fish and aquatic plants are covered, including the effects of water temperature, oxygen, disease and feed supply.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Are smallholder systems covered?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes. 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Diversity spreads that risk.\"}}]},{\"@type\":\"DefinedTermSet\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/agricultural-production\/#terms\",\"name\":\"Key terms: Agricultural production\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/agricultural-production\/#webpage\"},\"hasDefinedTerm\":[{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Crop yield\",\"description\":\"The quantity of a crop harvested per unit of harvested area, usually in tonnes per hectare.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/agricultural-production\/#terms\"}},{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Synchronous crop failure\",\"description\":\"Simultaneous harvest losses in several major producing regions, often linked to the same climate pattern, which strains world supply.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/agricultural-production\/#terms\"}},{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Crop cut\",\"description\":\"A field measurement in which the crop from a marked sample area is harvested and weighed to estimate yield.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/agricultural-production\/#terms\"}},{\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"name\":\"Vegetation condition anomaly\",\"description\":\"The departure of a satellite vegetation index from its long-term average for the same place and time of year, used to flag crop stress.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/agricultural-production\/#terms\"}}]}]}<\/script>\n\n<!-- nx-rev:bb1c8ae03c70e136 -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>LightDarkAuto G02 \u00b7 TOPIC \u00b7 agricultural-productionGCRI dossier \u00b7 service level R0 GCRI\u00b7Food Nexus\u00b7Established Topic dossier \u00b7 Food Nexus Agricultural production Agricultural production is where weather, soil, water, inputs, labour and &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/agricultural-production\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Agricultural production&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":156,"menu_order":894,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_buddyx_sub_header_visibility":"","_buddyx_sub_header_title_visibility":"","_hide_show_side_panel":"","_buddyxpro_page_sidebar":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_header":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_footer":"","_buddyxpro_page_content_width":"","_buddyxpro_page_header_style":"","_buddyxpro_page_color_mode":"","_buddyxpro_page_loader":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-179","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/179","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=179"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/179\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":320,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/179\/revisions\/320"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/156"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=179"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}