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OrXA7MuN8GaZcnRuZwa6h+ME0qtp4+bEK9ShqbFf+faQu3H5bXR6ZYH7Y3ysLG1tUwKm4\/Zo+pnRimCniwKcu5j9QKjPXmPFcooiU27+zlq9ca9J08g+w5txltMFdezt93GOwCTS0v7PfqDvJu+UOEWNRZNsY+ARHhRUPVJWP1W3anbo7BDqhAv2Q7kfV7BjqBGoriBnD5lbTdhZrnVuZa3HShKFtbrbx4nP6MNs2QCV6KcHrDy4O+zuRJcuXOQHZaAfPMY0bdoGygPDLlwWAc+k4gfHI4i7E0FnyCus2T1AuUnI\/ijMb\/nttA2EakIF91dbd+piYle1dc6pRqtUreFmHtTawRV2nFsfEIJ5nbw2k2oz9eJALGEuUwiEQ7msN6xP\/NAZexrSqqau4vPbIGx4oXbJuaEuwXTSOSXMY0\/SQqeU2yXX+vfjIdK+VxjZFtXuYhK43WnZg2q\/P4ACyxDbmlz46ooYTML6\/4EJgOULxgpsU+nJsqxRWDVn\/vLVhPpMTn5OEiCwwDOvQbSay\/al8kZeRFHP8RQp7rXFGBqwQCinRdIYg2k3I7jVKYl2+1LBtP9Tp9lRooJH8ej+c8nmQ9yqMkpN5rzp\/9e30ZCrTkMtl5XAyCfmlQ95g4bnsr3sZLqQYPL+dzBVIDTgGBYoEmgJJxtcC7bXRZJZXXacxyeUPPdyV5lTPXnCErSz5BDO12YvagzVBMTJVuiQJ39x2kJnZzEOpszyHqqxfCvcxNCY21AXDSoQs28peGDN5EKrypb1bF8JN3rCj4dbgtQF2gumE91PZiynXSpG8LyXv\/1zcM\/fnZF2ChvViNa9HFaJ4z3wUHv8jLcyhMbj44FL5rqlqNS283Be5MhCRrEPUtkViDft7haF41sVl3whSOu660vAY465NLtvRRaPJtQrVi1n3gsGAQGH3xjFbgynQMSN3Y9IVI5CDXoPkbyZpfIO9aO4PMK79O+JTeM4GJjptEx8Yl3xcF3CBJh+6lzW+PaVVCak8BVKqinBEJc2puPaOpPROf0FzZfWmaQ0kyWRr3bMxOYuN\/\/kUki6TFV7Rs\/KmxYWWjfV5XrpW6Ry0VVr1rua4J\/LjzgBhcKTBQ4S706eoeEiMMlkQ7JWHBOFwPE+rqzcTfsW4M2i8DmQsZsK3ALns1uPxQAPbGB0bAgPpHYGnTy3rDC5mWXr6Jh5yvCUos1DyslW+UcSF1cwSuvbkGigvCnORq29qSYwU15KShQxDSuYNid\/PKBkg166G\/w4tn6p2yXTy3IRrvYRHTdsNBDeuUgOBrsOgTPlaqGzz3KcEHoqTCjTthkMDtr9G6gZ+r0rYNYAlJIEsYd08XeeZSjQM6hrtA3\/l6dsi0y\/OHZ5Pa\/RO\/uq4Yl\/wiw\/oSJ0jVwbVqN9AKw7a\/dr3CWfhStCBgY87uvTfKiRg4mKDTljt\/G44k92gpk\/z2Zu8hTdx47qSdUX2ldCHQN\/A5Ld+UBtHcD0Ko2BI8ae9MJHqBpDbCBSGQD6KumZ8bW6z+eIRltJvomER2JrzehNG3Ikd\/Jh9I3LWKb9JlmNdCpvCgFxb55ebyW52Jbs5WGl6jM9fQyYp52ba7XICv8tXgcC2vMh0F2tbdA2bdELDJu2vkWR+PR23zIqqSm3T8YcGxBxDYq5rQMx4mvTE3pTMeGI\/uTTb3enboLiivB3ZKSf9coHuy5VVOoc\/urOZRVXHefsg8cHV7fPmDbQnfjhYhTTZEfjFudsevt9MzyqXlwgbZ6OlTpTI4tuTg7KycfXdGfVdSX1vRn1PrH+aU9+X1A82utVZt6fVRfJRDTRbX63ZzleuVLm4uCpbcx1DBd4\/oRKNgai6eG0OQ53cGw5gezPBcWYRU4SeoyxZo+3TZwBldowr+miw3Pe+1WZfYtn4lXAWn+SQuhwn5J6xsTAVJBjF3IvUM4CqMOrd680Aq+IebAquF52hGCW4pKD2WLPv3dmYNKAA2q5JABfYlNg2kw97MI49pr0RPWlq90Z8xP+I\/+CKd48P7hUP2CNFfGfi+925S3VmH\/6DsYmZo5MxCu7YEkPtP2fL3gO6NZvoNDSXAcDWsiFo8IvkiFYLEHz\/owkIBhBzcxrmp5nLCfI5QJt8LhvkRvT049PywXBcOVyGcyzvtJgx5s70IjtGAAy06UUelDDTcHTfOfzj7Sc3xWbkuD8Zz8Jh0gfrzz9+yLhh97MbVqeQYTPH2J\/UGTFBmMsm8HbDmYm9zNsWcyKRhEGPaO5S5O0ncrhA1BppphE8iOWRUegzuj2grRiU6dPcqAc+5NLcb3+sORsieeHQ\/qjTzn3g53j4YWewbj\/nfJsYzyccb6qWPvl0Mxzkgw+3mQN+2NmmanfO0eb4n7VjPvGAycsGtiYb9JPa6pKMjzgr7mOOgam2aE\/9TvcOZWjfu0\/qg5ghLpw2P9Md7y4AXjm1jCR61px2JnYD07b4jMfzYPCHZF\/2L3f3owvbVMOTzwi3n91yD9ShBBxf1Nj3Pkpou7g2TijASN7Pc1bJc1JdS6zuQ4zjUb4Xr\/cNBcWM9kTzMqnhGfsaI8LPKo9sGmKI8Sfvjbjo\/wXLcj8sRCkyH7HEy\/t\/s55W3Tx8QYPfpjDJz6CwCgiwufV3WFeb58n0eXbniO2O2DrYe5N2hRRt738IIjtrMUbXSvfF8d3HC1SZk7KXW3d1fFg7sZv4wXN3FXxYu56\/24Hut3dYu1kIYq\/77R\/WQbpPYNj9Dg5rECVpFpHfJ+ew9mI3cdLut3tYh4nvuU7320PvB8Dt6J\/8wxrau53Xvx8c1lkWuztIfieI3j7awa5\/iXtYp\/tg73btJ95h7ez3cGd3v\/3DOtlHiA+T38FhnQaBE3XtJ+FhvbejAO7J79i2D2s3dmMX9gVoRjIfBm5fgKYERCBKugLHPqyDnWf7WV\/gHNZ+7Me7qC9wD2sP7DLQE3Xtw3qf+CMN1zmsIy+IQNoXuIf1Lo2SrOt4A8Fhbe\/svd1VQW5Gh7UTOcCBY4l7WDu24zr99CDPzMM6iEMv7NsmF1RrL\/QS3ydlxxq0h7XjOqETP4+eLIe1D6IwTnvyLxC95HpevxhOIIWH+hiDL\/YW\/\/u6czfd23jz4WduEGz7\/yJQmu6NEyiqw9qO7cTuuob9Gw6yrPC9n8hhgjkPfiSHyXjB8Xr\/IN2qQ4TIYZo7jlEkB63+27t+DG\/m0qx+ZOBVMxIkjO61bw55vo0PE3BFm7l7VsIj9ajOMQjGMBtZNT5Ev7oH\/UHCMr2udMuWNqBs+k4iUeGQXOM8sWL4ew7rL\/ZXF392B50bvf5NHCb+2kN6IA4qO84kIRGuEvYId0UPxzwejFMCK86l9e0JL9COadLcL43hPgtH7gfCJIbRyP0Qt0v9kfu5IEzjaOR+duplUThyvyyF+55bIu6XxXEWpiP3y7wo9qOR+6X7wHGzkfuB0PXdeOR+LthFaThyPxiHkedT3C8GWc+tEfeDKXBo7gejXQz8kfuFbmD39DD3gxH6R3E\/kKAZpLhfAJIoiSjul2bxSANxPxCANPUo7heE+yjeU9wvhqEPGO6XhC4AFPfzYn+\/9ynuB2HmZgHN\/bIkS7KY4X6Zm7k9z+y4XxTvA+Cw3C8Jk6TvIOF+0IEhZLlfmIGwHxbhfmkAg8wVuJ8bbb1oG7hb+2ug43+7gOF\/ZAiCXEDQ65oErVWEbXk8tZMXRN2CRnLOn+v5z\/X8D7GeJ8XMVZcO5dtTgzwPLas\/IJV+i0w9V6jnGtXzhHqeUT1fqOcb1QuEeoFJvZMwLyejeTkJ83IympeTMC8no3k5CfNyMpqXkzAvJ6N5SYR5SYzmJRHmJTGal0SYl8RoXhJhXhKjeUmEeUnM5iUU6oUm9WLb5ivGtm1W0xFrOmY1XbGm0deIHbG3jllvHbG3jllvHbG3jllvXbG3rllvXbG3rllvXbG3rlFvL1XD17xUjUlNpJzwVXGojkHdEh75qopQRromUmb4qljBMagLkoSvivzzjVp9ERt9MawpfBqljx1dGambfGUlkAFduSCXv0xlLFiYfdwWmZX4r6sIQUO15yS2RrxfzISrxKWhUO6NwOiQs6hLJYUaraG+3kKqn2rc\/7w8MkmI8QjQnZSz8t1ptFgEMIJvP0ZbrkT\/HTV2RvvFCbp0gLuuHAUq4K2WfZAijalky9xDBpCVazz02u\/gPgwSxk4ACTB5BZTtAmz\/bPSIJQPaugTUaJp83M7INCIsPz4DCY2BTbxvxjXiMS7NNpumfXIZzktJPUYMTRtb5Ok0O4wmNhX7s\/G9UmcskmVLGh5NYsf3byi\/ktFN0\/MMiJGO7CPg3ZUtkJTx8P0CypTOGT+NiTJ\/FN8RRkQfHebTcJb+gJnAhMwl1xqh3\/8zakiMhH5E4Dna6rC8yrCtf7fyMkXsMiT3OAkoki8Iy2L1K9pFmxHfh9o+LvKYld2BEb9xDnvps\/aVerCr+Nq2dOoiEa1j6DZO8UCzANu0S2JGW4P9jSynkkAddr8bjU7pJc+9ujwt9QCZY5CNum+0OYOi4Cf\/ToC47MV6ueR9eJHZOR0anNOO9Jx2p47pxSkfu\/5fb3cC8nV0HojId\/eY0s4bpapGrso3pVRqRCoZKBoZGaWWQpNJ8\/rb0\/VCAW2Nt97\/0w3+yf2ftv2f7Cd6kiIJmrmjOlP45tLqrZxs8J8f0OAlL4oF6dj0K44wLfNEGl1fvuf9WRdSR104gbsmY+b9CsRCu5qzoAYHxNYWfns6I4em7\/nWvEaFAjRyOWKZeoEKpFDCq5mtE4V9qn216i7pQDV39Fjpn2pevbEEWsQMMEVMbRCQfJcsE4hRqYH02HyKtkAJC1ZDHJ12CFqiSb7lHk5V09BslToGDUS72EihjnosWD7HmVLyJR1bru068vQyMuV24tDU9Y3WaF2JRrvslJSgtVG6roDYNmACHladmKS9EVe2TUSum6HYNFS4RwHyl+S3Io13lqfztyfk2vv0QwTAIGjCZmg2PE3wnjdTNN2lRBHOg4g\/sTyH0z1SENMxDPOu7hktlRlSrSfIUs4bI2qkIc1XPc05GdQfN4M5gjOdRphJtgx\/mcST4hRkuTY9q0+dtAea0yDpSpHojEHNVM28fXtqT3k5tjHCzpiSAzUE3PcVJs8ELYmn20U2GdMN5bnFozm2J0kHyM9T1fZfYzu\/dlUOn5JGtDKdideZU2FHhoR\/u4JZdHczZm4GizJmJmdQv2BXWLSEb5MbFt34bBZvj\/M0x1rKsGip5gLysrU6aZP00RC2EJ29c81yzMhSJM9PfW160nQ9MV24F0V7jb+Zgdco39uhuLfNzVxCT\/m9up1blWISNxOYSNNpTEBRVNdWtSQZG8w\/0ppDgNOmXOCOfnrGPASFHeB7z\/mIfMbcr9Yse9PFbCqm1kAmp2q0SXaJVWUpW7XyiZCC7Jmu5jQHR3NJfRaupDAqWBSKT+E8\/lO8gseeHGqMq47HWfAVAcUYKIBcR8mvvHwZ\/KVvc7CveZqnbr6XseCuNs+F+a+5XUAtudZT5B7KqJlGqdNgUaOm7KZGmRK2ptv8ju+Tj+uDspyZbsW6ahq55DYx\/LuYTN9cktdJAdUS7mNlHgSN+jCpZ9mXQgFjhrotYboS0NGAFvzDWQ33e65V6K\/eyqMb8GdM7nHxCu5qK7Yn+XjbBeRkDKtbCkYcxlg9IUSFOwdTNN7GFz+26ectje1DdwtzU+aVpSdemp9lKrhrqimnKG5jkdAoFWCMDxT4XonzTVz8nh9r6yRNdYv5bTRY0G1zWXOMsJDNFe9rmYhjlcIw22YwzPcJj\/hcnd7cvbF0O5ualPPUWqsDpdCZjABf0A5fEZT5uc+k+07orjyJW9YqrlqFg94b7iUPJyz6JU54AdBOKZ2z3t9e4EdWgzNsho7dsro6U7v0Z1uNv5zp2BOrgEdYpkvTICJHR+xCJcvlJnod6ZIoqRIsDH21WsNkTP19XOctpbS\/v8CPBTf4tDsj7VE7OitJQW677tJuSOMvs9t+4j9EdZ73TFT4SlE+lnIobJ5451poeIco1L77As0x6iXxI7zUsGmgwlVl8n7SjN73nDFHK1fU91xYU6zDm5BYe5bTHSWSkkGZOWygoRFJ6AQusL\/a+J7fhpUsdsTR7B2GIDo5GIIsrAj67ugVmE4pF1Oo0ANu9Iy+EHeM3h8moiY8kvrDmJOu8\/JI08bOisPXtPXeNqwjJrJCMvuBnxbznsXVu+C3MbOxWQsAQ5XcZhtrPsHtbcxOyvsU8NlKn5ukrooiBnX\/GrrT01C+0RQp5xXfpz53UhUFuDQQ5wTFf0m8Ju4e5Ko9MfhbefLy8dyB+Az+ww7vT08SkSod403jP4TDXJviUSLQEC\/bWQ5u\/ei75OjXs\/7qoQelEqowiNtQZZ\/vWxU8mI1khQeJBsYaPNfbeef3BI1HxAEscoPhOyLJRDv4kAknTg+5gdbZYeVRfE90ZOtfhuhraF7t01h2bzDhArSuHBgsZCxnNFXdfnsCTQLLFB8s3HDpdoUs47qOOPN6kcLJbswgSeVS6H35e\/ZjmCNd7g7Lu+ae8zQt4M8Fu3\/WiTWhr2xMG47BqFn2BqyIOUV2Sg2lp\/ZZXvxLEfOG8KVlN0Fss2SqiEgzw2KpIKKLxpBVpe+kFyH3TdA1uSaX1aOuYuT9MUjLrO0SB9q4uIc8+COdURqjXfa+pCuzaGNpexOmyTA0JXP\/cWYZ7dZZU3piJq6PzmWPsFDVag3KlwmVk+IzY3Kn+6V1hVXtTaP8CupSZ66hT+HoAToxf15YGl3mjE762zysaeerh9Cma3iBoP3ibRnA7I0o\/2vb\/\/73uipgZwIdO9PnN9HWX9H1v\/9lPIp33Sm8m3US0476M9vuWOqwXRn8R9tYa2B6KkSF6kLSFT17uEDwzCkVd+l6io6nPUrFvJguNUWCQDEvvMvks3fHRFX80BnFeBONhCuEs7mCovdpMXevo52OTQhc2IbZBk8LnI9nxpZOi1XasjsYA9ru7hKmdfwbtZreJHb9ec3+422pNr8og66j3ozSY+nSR2dgcylDIpvW7YWg5T8Qt4CeRO5yyQtmXgK3+WVFUDtvUpBlWvPUs3CNmpRfVndswj4bHncPpWtv7ibEtdqJ24Tn2VdHuoaMTdbLGR9uKFXHns2NXP6Mzbq6DH0Muyg0leXYMIanlvGAfpfTkim1qJDkSMWjEVif56TILxZKnNvpN18C+5eZQbsJuGhuYMfbVld222qNeN+irdkUc0bZv+8o4SOjn8y8vEU0evW6hE378eP2wF0jUpfEew+GQpOwaG1s63245dnL6i+TCiHjeoDMwgaY5Te8W9\/OVpVAUB7WNnBCFyF4ktIOGzt1Q88dC\/MWoY16AUa9JmUE8xJBZodONpTW+StGyE52PhiJIi59WDuB62P8a1LYgVizzSOg6jXcQ5iNLSU9CKeXRhkG4ezLa5hca4QoGvsYhbwvxynmEfq5n+0BVV5W6NMf1mG8C6NxeL9Z9mGd+NGe6t1vlnNYwzBJoowqQyCwHiAgr32Zd1jvstRJdlQZAoPNANzTddH3EJquQV6i1p3UJ1CxVDFCeE12WbJni93D2s9iDyObUsUIDX6\/j7OMLfYRrCyMqOKmrN4yUBSoWS\/2\/J0tPnIO6zAIgljyyD2s937kpbH4yDusEy8OM1d8hNBnM7inu1HluAsRCIBrs8UO+hx74AO2GOG6ZwBS84SLPYTIDrzYZYv9wxotFzg2eYKgRU36seP6NlvsIFR5d+c7bDHCyI8DgCHtqWIM1gt8P2SLfYzxGwJ2AvBE+0GwS9hiNMnx3kt8thivscSHIVvsHdZpCKNsxxajJvF\/xuK2qiFqM42AFwCuHMHrghBQm5uUY2R+z\/ZCrhwnLdilO58r9w\/r0E\/DZNwJTYMnN8xiDwKmFC3kNKDXNypFLYZu4nlMqYf659PMB5WiUbqRH4wzeCxA0xBQXcfekv+zv0bRhmFQ1RuLse8H1POXj479UF8R\/A4Pa9fxvZDiG30mgJ0d7WlOhYYQu3GWpENpDyq886MQjEssq46HtZ05GT1afOavbc8O7YQtRYTt1ImpZYdjCBq8lIALqInoHjiH9c7zwl3GP3DRXgrcMOAfoDUc7IEf8Q\/IknIo\/v0Kj3jfAB+4CVOK1nAWZX7AlOKNGmfUHKJShJgdxPbOYUr9w3qfQZs+LS4XPM6UaQ2VOod1gFpjS1FeDDeOqCWKSj3MJjPqI6BS1FoMvXQsBbDuxmZ7bGm\/VQBTijiCy4wYlaLJtEEUshTwTKZ7qg\/plewSH3iZxxWj9uzQp85YXIw+oL23Q+5tD2X7iO2IK0ZNRmkSU5MBumXjBYHNlOLpDEAEmFIX8c3IT1gK3mEd7wGkuBIqRWw9TGFGM2okrJMJdamDnZTjKd359O7G5S7mVr6XcOVoWv04C3j6eGKhR01sUlTXFLXrZh5Nh5SjrCJJ4AWQK0cL1dvFUcSVo8PUBXtqFkk5AmUPUwCpdk8FOVJcQLOMEz7EfBACamGjUhdLBnvqiEClSIZw05BawqiUHCeAWmpI0yWTi1Y8W4y+JtwDamnjYoxbn\/opYIvRzIapF0G2mOSQsakJz3JymmRZGoYhW4ww7TNgUysWFyPs9SwEXsoW4xXrRR5HG3\/LfbyPaQGuqiHiuX4W22FGPWhO9TVGeWkYMSCxGvAKyhIc1mma7CmJJkGQ7k1zWMd+Gu0ZmRK2RNYN3Zhe7ImV1NUF8cY4orh1Yl3rGMnLWbbLXFqoPFcNyJPDGnp7kFCf1coRe0+yNIJ0aQzQzfthHcEooiWCFjkQ4m+bhTFz3OIHSCTax34Q8Q9czHlsTyCFWVIoeYAn3It9SE\/4FRZWVjVNXhDZawf4p+U1KSCoJQPFj08faV3JZHH0EO9ayZzih285+gxehprln8V5hb+2R5143aMjrCRfgzTXVjU4QiwRQ3qzksdVe8JnNNixwwRYTQnSIPTHxXiB1aWAHc8GFM\/uHjhEhPWFB4in2RG9lboH5Kywd8IDclzYsW+Wf4XX5JIgDSn+3OVFCDMfQlaT4wVGosmlUeokHq\/JBSCC1McmmhzaMGnIaXIcVazJObEbeI6oyblxmMS2uSaXRk4c2hJNLgL7EHisJhclgWNzmlwaxR4lAhFNDsRenLCaXABikouC0uRsJwypk6PX5Lime01uDxMAHUGT88E+Sj1Bk3OdMKTa6zU5P\/bAHgqa3A44GXClmly6T6JMrsnF\/j6Gck0uSsMsgVJNLgR+TB0xtCbnB54diZpcHO0CSmLtNbl0F\/uhqMntkyTYA1GTy\/aQL\/aRfhykUSJoclkKPbATNLlsB\/bUvus1OYj0ikzQ5OLIBV4iaHJB5oTU0dtrcsk+TWAmaHJ7L06gK2hyQbwPkkzQ5Nws3HHKNR5l7DFaUq\/JcSt60OS4VT1ocjCBYZqImhy3ugdNjlvhnSbHrc1Ok9u7SZBCXpODMHMok02nyWU+CCJBk4tdJ3JjmSbnBva2\/69emXNcTpmDO5hlEafMJX66gwmvzO1AtKckjk6Z88PADTJBmcM7PWCVuTSDEW3oIMpc5me7LBaVuXQPg8yRKHNu7CSUmWNU5gIkUEKJMgci3wsyiTIHk4hexpQyF0MvArwyl7kQJjGvzCVhmlAyYa\/MJXEc7nllzvMj6Ge8MmenAW1H65Q5CDI3CXllDoSpGwFemQsikISAV+ZcL7LDmFfmHNeHlGjQKXNZnHlpwCtzmZuklKTfK3PZPvL3vDIXh6HtAl6Z20We54SCMpeFcJ86gjIHwyTY70RlLt1HQSooc8AOQ28vKHOh7yWUfbVT5mAG0yzglbnEj1Nq23fK3N6JosTmlbkgC+x9witznu86QSYqc1mWhUkiKnNZmmZRJCpzWRR71KQOyhz0dtDdi8pcbPskfyKnzGV+FlAWr0GZS6M0oQ7ZQZmL\/ThOAlGZi+K9T6tcvTIX2uF+txOUOd92Ap9X5rw4cKNYUOacvUMdTJ0yF8BkH7oSZW7nisqcm3iQItErcx5iJYGgzEVZ4lAm4UGZs5OQGkmvzCV+4HmxqMyFiU+dbb0yB7OINrn0yly6D+jN0CtzwHYSJxGUuSCxgQ0kypwTh7EHRGUOhBEIfZkyx2k8gzK3TxKHkdwHZc7LomyfCcocDPeZbYvKXBoEkCnvlbkk2e0pwaJT5vDFhCdR5pIocWNfosztszhJZMpc5qbuDsxR5rivMCpzwHNdZ1KZC6EPPH9SmRMGSitztr1zY3dCmRPmlFLmbHsPd55UmYuSMGVUglGZE74Gq8zt4jCLp5S5Pf6PoMxBP00o8+yozGVpZlMcZFTmsjChJYNRmYPRnj54R2UuCQLgxRJlDqmmrve4BIV\/Knx\/Knx\/Knx\/Knx\/Knx\/Knx\/Knx\/Knx\/Knx\/Knx\/Knx\/Knx\/Knz\/WArfhPvp2\/lmofcRkt8BwwDhn6dDUoDz5UuAwCG2u\/D1tN2HNkrfJknVaBBg9XY+ZNeiaJIawvLWNeHY9utpBLf46MAtpqJWE1C+gmbz82\/IKRbkJaxXiPwXqvk9yiM35bXKDBV54qPhbnF+OpKgzlo5OCRis\/rrykXp6vzL+2YzPXMorPEIZckre\/9c0n002I3oey0dZ69Ib5hgfUeM7Owen0BeI\/9jLfaFrEpbXZNTl4Szx3DowpaPNYjZ\/GzPOdpy5FXyJ9TMDJ8hTgimtfE\/FP\/ABaxqCHepDM4kkHnMD2YUci0QSWtwFGig8cd5eZwmQpajzBMfDw45uMvywuAfbFzKdBtl1SR1fmllrZAIn2GFoVW9IdE\/yAVcHt7l82EP5buFIx4amFRlCuqP6akf5quGIP0YIqb5nprkCUb8CWXp2U4+rkGueEqw1JrpFy55Of2wzS\/TD0952d6mdiZWEjfP1huMX\/LWQq+ldXWxsrxABqW4uNZfHMwl+Ucr+tmEd764Qy0SxqSOt6J2lY2DTFDuKabb5PFG\/uUvdX5WfvduoXvppy71YXWdqxR+e3LTcWn17W8X1MXwhY3houToeEIfTHtwLKoY8pVvmA\/mBQ73J0fAktnwUqsqi4+FXelqm+7SbvpUH57CaxJOuBlxe0NjsxKO97Wm+aP9TMdqq\/J0sJFGQjIyWS6ywWwjDZkisWTj3rQRzi1TE5msN1vhDGSeOLInmumYO4ckoZ0qrjR4HoO0yMR2kH9E2ECiYc8CPBudMkzLJCIszWvYiRokJnIG79LvFDyGb0\/VBZbjcicDY6LTNLPA\/Ogy3N2fA0ZcTI4Pz2SB4PCorKrPh9X1coF1Ahq4+JCeThlolPJcniCQym7o9vHbQ97A+WKnrvPStIJMInpmfkPbftYPtR+L4pjDQIB8WB8O6L0UaFpYgkz2aiokz7XZTPCz4\/3L9\/5MtuKjeGj3z8RUMLKJWRy+OnyNpKgaOIuRWAim5iaodaiA4BZaMTyB1xwNq1PlmITfYyD6HJhDfC1YXS8scJetQM7ta6x+ZQnMVLw01Lnl3O8dn4t2nUjkI+UDyohXfAZ8wNosJh2nK2UC08lOwdPP7KMO7VCW7byDZbkv2bkcNXBpVvN+Fjr0wEVAWAMNRo2dVh3yhEcaVGgwoEXWSMO3cb4f05ery7z36+rNitvHYCQquOsJJi8DBCkdw0xnn+33nALsdaGWNLEAmmudgQSyaYEmIOMQGNx2xEllyjVLiINjZlVnMjU04YmjQHtWTFlYGLmTGrWm15jb8HykQ6wwM\/p1dEpwhjfxGOeBPkxh7ydmtQO5ljStkabYdn1tu1ZTJzeReYu4JYu4d1tVSOUaJQjEopFs7IWqDYarzRX8q8vNUHRCB8JPLc+R2UIJrLcz7nd0VPCI76IlUt+YFCRBoQjWPbwq5jI0NIkcNHyCaciZj7K7KMWDVkVd2iFj1aDriAyDVtK3brYsxJ1x\/6xg1PG04O88XLiU5yqZ\/JxhvQImHbvnz8UItEVAGHa7Pg4Xpmf4ozkVpHk1QmSagrp3RlKl1u5TWntNfSwJXIuonE+yApdWcLwOUqpfDPg6pbtNidD9iXi\/I0j16u3ewAuP49TrXe4E1o03ARS+ZPsiqc4c7EXQqGVZN\/pl6nJZODx3Emp7vjytPOxYcbvfBaFwiJlL21j4NRG2l1qhUQPkwIfvF1Cmoxy1NajDiV43ZSeel6oLeBLSvEGIqKm8jf7pmLcWRapfi1b4kOpmVs3rcVqcpqXZwb7UgRurxdUGHm9G7EFkBa4COk5xYWmOp066h5SV+zfkAIFHn7rhp+0\/GuRr3qEkmHQkhukQGaaNLz\/JFOIFNKZcGU72gGVS+PewtgKVENgRlgH2P2yHdW2YbWrGVKZTnvTj+vyN3bdkqLknp\/zyyWp7WjFCvShieKJ43ZuCjc2yDn8Q+ozRuccMff4jrmUfYPZDn6WRMNHDylk5FO4jJw7YBmle8E5VGVLVvaL3+zz8uh3NJiPWwq3EDJ3H+B8pzaAVI7uVM2aUeHt1Io3cODNliFp60X7KL3IRZ6oD\/Gx8DtNF\/bJqcJ6UwzWQhEYnO26Exl3XAK4vbmM0RqktTYOC1rx9e6rBG5e\/AH1wUCNf0DSHZfvF8YIUHrc0X0LOoJut6Nq1xAVE18EW1ig+R9fJyBY6mbdsH3Eg1qP6yDrsKE+SkFFR+0Nk1Cd\/RRaSzXjLbMs0T8rhDrnz+bZUA1VeRc28dOqGNtfyBtq2zuOOIdv9ucAcBxRSs+cLHl3zpEjB1KqSUjmuWZ9BQfl2dKKGwhKZow0mOWlUF1Fo+P1FlINWwBaVEJhkglxNZkhllZjICEl163ACzZf+rrIAH5ubqjuGfVI3ydgR6EvjiM\/BGXFXgqFuNJ3vy10gyMKNo5iy1cDWNQMxuL\/OUrnNuhGNE7y612D8AGux4\/1R5mLcWTOL8eJOGdtWSWdQfj5ZZ0gnIsosTPUnUDY+aEu6tl\/KKp5sO1JZpLsrRTJjVninjdqdsFDrpTpy1XtjtjpraFjtZwnQc+87jeXouWeKaIiI1E5N5lf3aMrkSr7BJaj2IlVlKND1ijIDsHr+T7VPsdpOT1YpWpGDBzc1hfhP1PwXK7B\/2VoYpF2S3WLfZxIQ71rnuWKiHs+VaHSpKYJ+qyK5pmPCJtkoZD3X5YzwOdfCPtX3LNdCNKIFk2Cd+BNZcMgavfHVlJqRUudJ9thbLXXrdfWm9LBHL3BmDhOHQsrfg1m8OLOatkej0oOZIJv9iJpoNaEX9cBeFqRTX+yxifrzqu7P6+2R14+XvNRwo7qfxv7uN6D9ex3G6o9TYw5+ocbJhEg\/Zjsq40NU8G3VLDuJH5veHRQ1xbru+V0Cj+V7GtFMTqBu2aQgCoPwBdQvkyYRKtRiUGsNdTRM2EJL+4Z9AghXRXvqBbLGVYzAsukeDbcCXyMd7SxZSDnsS1CedVDXaOD+ytO1h\/TUm9AMrdZyDUmacU2aeZtohRKmuJa0nwHE3VzdfWm0V2+5Ah5HzyLkMUxORcfVVBpdZBGFh1nKC3gk5rgJZ2\/p9RdnyVBTP8MWML63RNj+NOct1CaylDITRmynjIujrZlwq7nGC85WVm+2J7yMFx9VXcdIOp0CDNl0\/iipBLUfg5pniGYZprRkKY+c8wWZfJE5dau3ikvrKc2we8EKS3CbNmKZIylzJWWepMzfzB50D7C0ZOBj3ZmDHxGkNvJyZ6LcnSj3JsqXTEiVL5sMXG\/uRGAMq41Y5kjKXEmZJylbMGgEPrVk0KTezEETFK2NWOZIylxJmScpW7j0ly77RUtettxlS122zGVLfNGgEfjWolGTinOHTbDENpJCR1boygo9WeGCsf+2ZNy\/zR7zb5a9QXFI9i9csbNBhStfeOBuUOEqFB54G1S4ioQH\/gYVzv\/6zaJtjqvN\/fKNsMkxlJtY5IpFnli04HsTLLIlA+5rzhxzD7C2kZU60lJXWupJSxdMwSvKkDx\/\/LjazMFjgLeNUOSIRa5Y5IlFC0Z7vFyWjBZXmzlaDDC3EYocscgVizyxaMFoAayXjBZXmzlaDHC3EYocscgVizyxaMFoETLdkuGSejPHSyD2NmKZIylzJWWepGzJggaL2BeuNndBA4FxYXw\/scgVizyxaJHoXYB6meyNK84WvjHM4EZS6MgKXVmhJytcMHaMDbhk7F3FmWPvoA43kkJHVujKCj1Z4ZKxnxZpXLja3HGfBH0L4yyKRa5Y5IlFC0aLfE+WDJfUmzleAva4EcscSZkrKfMkZQsGjVAalwya1Js5aAI3uRHLHEmZKynzJGXyQTMueQRxcurKmgKl1FLCEJVKQvgNPR0CaammRN7R0sIgmEpK+A0tnQ40U0mpe0dLC8FsKgmhF7RUMCqnkgx+Q0uHoHgqCZFXtJTyBCrJ5PJYboYGAQlVkiGv6Nc13k8KSt2GezaKZRRJOzrSzmLSro60u5i0pyPtLSbt60j7hqQ1piDkabPMFkRqzjYGEXzajazUkZa60lJPWmrAofseKOZ36KQhLUdPyzGl5eppuaa0PD0tz5SWr6fla2khZFwlN0IvPNpTvnz\/9hS\/PeCL94Tu\/tw9obu\/dU\/o7g\/dE7r7KyNC4Fg\/ZrIRoYdMNiL0kMlGhB4y2YjQQyab3KQoKHVXLUZ0HB0dx4yOq6PjmtHxdHQ8Mzq+jo6edVHI5mrpfnxv0dlPQaTr2+leXNwQBlvXN4NfW9yIzDIjaQS\/trgRBP6ubwO9tbiJODeYqjhfPlFHaNDAEd7xJQievcG3IC8ubggj4+ubwa89QowlwPdLxNi+5kwxtkfz38hKHWmpKy31pKVa6wqKzmhk0TQTXjIC3pr3QL9iPqJgoYtqP67JyA9b6h7\/P74Q1\/hZ0Uh9W8NqQEjqSNYFNTLeUO1ogIjldCBmRhO9RT6cms+boOB2KIsnt9C4Disc1Iy9v\/wek1XiXY0c55rWatqPAk740N\/lFoa7eXsEDit2Mnvbqh3j31Sh7KybrA6qSu0ixjI0lAdQzcvQG1o6OM+gkg5+Q287Q3kMOTokkeM5f\/+Sl6umPsZbzpaG6mxWQfDLFq\/EC6hhqTdBklSHM9silTYrz2YbY7Q65H8L05W0pq5XvynF3d8M1PbflILubwbK+m9KEfc3AxX9N6Vw+5uBYv6bUqz9zUCmJfkkOSJ4dylR2oZMlDov36qFrNO7BJJdCOJZ5CSKAsZg22hQS0ZgNAyUaXWsA3N92QOI5iP0BfC0If7DELxjXhwWGcuNr4TpUwxwEpnD+dTAwsdjsNyH9iHEMhvAf3CBYj0886w4MfKVzHCPFDgeZgv7E6CPDEImtYM3hCw6w\/KKJQLjCnmZm77bvOUXjNj+yahImpwDHf8hIZ2eqxR20HxoUDEECEc62YLrMaHE\/h+EkvQ5yWtwKJk7e\/uhOZwbSDaswwdlSXCob4IDsxS4jixg0gPA5QbuomCPWGW7A0193Lj3IaoPdAgfw1CouujuETvSOMpz9RIvCksZg6Mu7wTC4KHrfXmQaFUhUcI4ipxJzKJSlakAbBq6tUPOkSiS4YDG9kfKFUa66rAPRAwT7czOZCDDEYCqf3vKy+YCk3Y8BHCGua1h7TMEzbWGXO0BXyCpq6ZBczk9iBf4oRZ4dyOuAAU1oEEY6OP18\/KLh4Lzt\/QKQUxts6E2zGB9+A98AKHF7c9NQYRnf+4BhOrwmW46qJvZ6YYk2YXcz8kuhHuNDEmyrAA+Y3maEQg+UP2e5q9LEAVcI+qrNKUCTe+bA5IVZ8o6Gcq1R6XVi8D+m1n5GPOtkiwSn1noGZ+VRaJ\/SOxGR0R8Uo\/xHuVrNkQTavAfTg1DsBWr5gyK4vagaFusTpmYUYIxK1xAZ3zUg2aoJJN5lhLc2blMGFf6\/hepfUVTywI6PTS+0SD5muBkI\/lnzpmg3gkyw8gj8R5HTXzAKPcpMzxO0LBgMvA26vkCfLNqiEY8CwsO94zhjuqZn9Yw0P9LwAU1euNRCzhLZqCAJK1hmrfNBAKCzCq6EJmga+h7cz2jNWBy0gygLrzNjL9KMm71cOilvxS2IC8a6wzqFzpZmRE560yA\/NTHCwGag0lVd1mrr2UK8QLmHxkD++J6AxnDzFekz+zPubZw7QoiUhlPVXX9J5fgjNr5XuQ37TI1orQiMzsvQ5MS3imGBQ1LNQ7OoeDFrBG6sC\/pNWaEPb4kxTzR6Y41QAv92xNoCxR1xfQKc4yecH86cDcP+IphApS0hhcI2i+Ou2Uy9mGzwvVcWmTTokGhnG76m1YyVSI6kqbG91FLba+KJNzMyydYXExe7TkqngIyLoSb\/lck95ernWHXeq7KUNmv\/rqyHDK5NVL4BrL+T2Wu+PbaKNORLoT7RlNyUyhMi\/g8cyzRaoIBj6I6Q5mFHMdOTnrEnGDhudSlH7zJ827cbf+cgraVmj\/\/wCPDU32OPiUjUWomWk6uKFqj\/Wf0S2RY4\/fbhXKG1TV2I3DZh6QA58sXH9t5dv7raRvieprsUwMMaz1C8Eylg3JcNUGSrBlTxBecisQS3dAIZjbV3M79RSFXMn\/bdO7ynSYDhlQ8CjupnjGNRuS\/RujYKB0EviwwwMQmrH7Epf4snOsZ7WAUZ4FPMxzWpdCo6CQBrpIbMXjNWxOkZANQLQpOmCit+pexBxohHahzm6KEH+w3NUR+H5YAtWEF5ywdWBiG1ie7hduK1D5R40EKtbFOz4Ms6xYeOs5GPFdkSBXPDb3jxtCqtFOau1SeIeFx0OxiIKq\/bOn5Da6HCfthx98kVyY7DXfLS9I5H0nZP\/92hmkOVl8uNcxg3Vg1TK8JTK1z1Xtxot\/TbLvLGksn+sKqk9iBG+2ZkhS5xBWSyK5pdQZ5+eOGOGSKdO0D499VvRRgdPBKrXizClwKiIY5ijfDAKnZCm3FSVTDY94gIwzC98Ql8APGCGJWko6Amj9yciNfNFA3kxPWnuAZWm11PBZwFV\/btgPjHywSIe3ZowF9nZIWz4V1BlIQZGwMPtAnjj1p5MgqhWVluDk6Vyn89nQsqri\/N+pap8miMxAUo\/MyLIr80sDVLvhlFQW\/rECLDHbsZySolAlyUl7ZkvINOmQ3K7F8SZ+Hu67J2BdD0tm1KL49XRp4TSvTW7gDqtQkNYQl25kxz4z9eqKyztjp62kUTpd2CslNc\/o0ylmE2yCrzK8rWL5+aUAGLVBDYJHLhra6bG18K1fT0td0BfwaqbJ0NEg8mjMaklCM07lxP3eT3SSvdUPr6xI+rhsheour+LC5ORdWNYwrAeUraG7Y4ygv8vbjsCLGaJPKZNmxZswLKK13\/L8fSnaz+noGlyKPa3gsul5MeT917pzyHOEufetJnKJmtFtVF1jjsAPrCJv2WkOLfPdJjw50KiHJ1EClmzB8N6DkPAOm7VfnwsogTBum15fqcr30N4s3FtHa7fHn\/zBnh\/howQK+Aoz5q7vIom+tkdrhTlxaz5s\/V6bY+\/OnFEmCJhZd1VdBF6xWd1IPEiWtQviajM18ZtvZyLCGvfu8rLdjB8iPC8p8LrgMyDxfZxBkEJIZzOC7r5uUpp9zwTqFL\/J+cO9pmpxs3ZxgOx\/89nQtwSvIC5Th4+mHRgdV0bmAus1BMdJg8g4pI1b4bHqdFY92JYhmZLNJwBWdKJvnV1i3eQKK3gR2ztO0UGxNPJLpJERMmjb8g\/JEY6T+X2R+ZD5zJ\/rZnPX+02bC9YYPWZhxa91P8axb677Sf9Bl1UmAq\/\/FDMbAUS4vYPPtqSpHZYcsz8HRUXn240RpjVIzG5MnkM8hzzszLHFHYYHnj4vb6DCh7KI24ZctjezDJ4DWl09y4z9LNpCsdlc0sUtyQjkoOTW36\/q7fHLNN0gyNuYCTEQ+KKrNlpTb0ifW1CNSLntiTT5Sfp6Bz7\/kZfrtKamuZVt\/9Lln7sjqLZ+4mT58ZErl0WbTY8jbjyVHFC2IMW5\/yKxKPpYxI+nXwtzjiR5NAi7fnhxqJBM8T3HYmC2Bmay6BuURzoiKfWZTVSAdxHP\/MHkM93aVl5dre+MSVlMX4DhNF0hQz4VLMFKsa2LuLFKKcpf+ffSf\/vbkpQZb8E5766SqbWKAHfPHfcB6WLJNCwrYOw4yr1hNndDZNfhJ7k9exUqFR1XSINpIH9rSVYe9CHTJEVWm\/Op1WmhGT2+qlf6IoHTUSO92pO7K4BLF3wYL2Vn1G\/kBvtu2P993Wx86OA7TKJqOm5rPjafDTWF3IHVvpJ7n8ntNKsfgyslqzp+Ny+hl0LFVatK3Vdre\/gBWzXYsNeoY7fo+XAiRG21QfrydYK1gwElbLJp2JtXj5Lnn95ke\/10Pv6Qt5p5LSVsMykiRp5DnuZQ7zYOOz6QtrIrOIh18DXpuQWUHXGhsgtW8+IPBaCPmrnYXukXhXjCn4Y3x9eA5MpM98uHmBONOTqSqnZ+J1nyOOjGN8XjSWI1Ncx3f7QGOVipOcygXQkimV9rFTEhlyOU91bSzulTFhzaZYbe7hISDgY569yMGZcrn6es2clNlA2Et18A00ad5WNI\/1QQdi5tcleunOMLc1hc3sIrm3EiLLC\/TOXoQmwYYbW7KhD8YHe\/JPYh6ZOWlQtGxnwUPgakg7s81Xg4bdGn0t6d2vOmm4nC4FCCBp6pIp0KpdGJJT+lucdHR9rekEaD+GKGLtEtfWuALQnUaWeTUaMVV+sEeGN3+2c6oiJbGVELqme4ww+FKr3Bf6f6fJ1W5VTodmr3ZqfC0EIO3Fr\/XdHnY1fh+W42XmQFCiRqTZGssv5gPbAjWpOZFYU9An98sDNFMDtBBN6D2Vs3rcatcI+iNIeiLtr85oQmkCutlQlnEs\/wdphJHKtfxd37k2bb93Hkyd446En3no5MupmaA2HSmp2DKY2h7j3\/SjXUwUggOZ2Pfsnm3UMn5Mlf1QYHa09iMo6P2+JkG4U+4euoiXyxHgR2ALcTzRpXmr7PTi2OeixwQt2pJZjx6TDi\/TMboP7qtdRQe+j4AJ1Tvz9TfVlUj575Dbz8fnuHJxW79B++Z+rHyhMuuO+IH+m5KWnWZVl1NKMFU2ICLvUZxlwmkmhXDE3jNcQwE6fUUk8xerBbd5K9a4lFa5OXLzdBXYqzb2Wyr8seqTeV+HrQaMEEP1MiXVaKf0HEcom7Sl6CZTJB0jJumS\/+tQlwOF0ucf7kL8EN9jMEXx96S\/7O\/RtHmmQwBhQdCcFjb0PGd\/ViIMq8c1q7tem44libtYe2lvuvv6TLrDP6tqg\/rIA6dEIxP6gqkh3XiJmGSUKUgLw7rzM7cLBhL4yI9rPcQuCBiCi3YtId1AII09Kg2YVEc1hGIsj3VOwxyeVjvsthL6Q6iK7vDOt3H7i4bi5H2eFj7IAhoypjLHNbQjvZhTNEoGgsc1kEWZQFgi+PDOtmDKEjY4uSw3gP0jy1O0WCiLM6m\/LGxz3KXfPLph\/xLukGw7f9rf927\/MeEPkwyj\/+YmZs5MGU\/ZrJPdokt+5hgD3b7jP+YXuZ7PuA\/ppM40HW5jxnCnbPbST5mvI9jpk38MXdgB6NA+JhuFmZ0N7qPCbwwcFL+YyZRkqTix4wjH7jix\/SyHfDEjwmiKHSh8DF3AP0TPibpn3DRRHzomwR9TAQnfTy1k9Gj3RdHh8SfH\/w\/ygef4PdlYzXXWG4SHiIyBZvpAyBQmwSWUIYHTosdCNMpCmlMp9fTysLYR5uN6AujEZgXGGaecwTyT3pI\/oSq8Vh52daVEozE7XxlUBSbP4xsCD70sBiz+uvK3WyInLqjQoPQfPghj3EVdZ7j5nIn1dnVFEII\/U7n4DoDgISuTUfJsAtNWbm+FnDKNMu42HJIQ9PoXuqLC9Iq67nqdHdvRjatwLZXJD7VQ5\/I++q\/vm1RLBb6ns5XO5B6L\/FXq5b91fb62xJyqxGDApQJFP2Q0DzMUA3JCAuYUgPsMRgoUTpwk5MZbn7HEiTu2KHEaSqSd3Yr+PUbDmRcXSQaoWEjyZGdSBLe5djoyZSmQNiS5H4pzWvYxTyQe0Qj\/UjOFZBPYJ48d1ZZlwn8G6+KeqQ6iaKs3Xj0KrZGaFbqo3l2j7TZfyMtv8ALR6wyTvJoE3JsN9BNMs\/od1OM3mBuKf4YYK7qo4wF02de+5aXU4dPb1dX17bIRzS7cO4gMdBns7K87YExXBQP0YFjkKt\/BvbMtR+GejY1hWRJE7GubJApsLq2357QAJ9+fGeQQKZ\/GDJ1ZVv0K9i0cWN0++R0P1Vs45hwMMKqLsM9ps3lsJEsYHv6ZbJCDVZWT5gMBv+JEui+I7XKzK+hD47foeD44VeQ1Sz4SoBOSOZiC13HD+sOSRxYPkHLUSGfEBCa2WPRM0YeN4E28dBgQTPYoll\/MNvc3kNhgkfOJnkoq\/bLgI9AaKPZaTaTIAkMNMJDWxS+GPVRIiR9ys7ZvSqMWrXUJ4aH\/KMGwCDWq8IL+6MSb1vN2HkRUyYq5p2suOVlx43stNvbzlywJdUEsLGjExsReyfgjbj6FYcViLGjJjWxLCQ7KRV9n+K5sEETAvmDA6+p7zx\/X\/0qMOfNfQfJ0PyjzxI54VnHiTftqMC02iWiQuHnSOIfFwNB\/EKe6+FCSmLnzc+7LD\/eWJcDigG4UuAPYhe6HA\/q1GQIobL\/GwUs5me06cFmQ70RU2\/UefNixRupUHjIad6F9vaW\/Bz\/7tRQBPtC4Bz6B9kJ\/72RG84vUz5EjXUtcxItzptQGGT9UZLrpPHFPiEUG\/7OQ0aIJ+kyjV0gfMjyenD07pbNYEXxdQuSZQdir3mC0qVIVvWpaloS+f7tCbFHiTTBmVeG+R2r4nB5hVwzS2s07pccSA\/1E51ck\/3cdPYi\/OUm5vlSWGnVTjhQUf4n\/Y6ljCfR3SF29A4mVoI0b9CVVLoRo2Xsr3YAzz\/N0U9GobT3iuZ8ZGaaF9Wv07CLbmCrqau2H3vV7Oz9EeoH63hU4pRlt\/zyHqz+1+ovhC2hZC\/bmVWHirfB8CjbCsqbVu3MdIyJ9pxUuFxIvgvO+TDvuzDGLmJS+TmZaQztp+QH26Yn53F0Bepv5CHz4zuWp7+SghjUG+3tvorabcrHj\/TPnkEOgwKkZs4GZZMfb6Mgt0K\/V3\/t+QtGNZZBmLLJHZfFxuCmZnlGoBoWVhpmacsOWudb144Q\/x90KB+bnlidiiOEUFiaw+qpA4gFR7iqIUifnjmo0hq2yekeO46tR+JQTQlx38F9R10+kL4+a6xfVMoMHJBCYWHTB4XJcC6wxnlH8leMfmJP71\/c37a6LMyuoAXaIDZ6Etz6V+erJ3XCnB3jujiFLBluXrRj4tUe+xj7\/9Wv0PLSZzp4b3hxZX8Nm1VyjfPEiuHvOay\/2F\/drf11t0X\/31EviVdl5B3n4z5wfrwpGCTLvqRn5rjGeC\/XudaqunK0b01bXaaCTJ7xwwp9CwRWhOLOlNScedRcFbH6qHTUF9Y55xWjIo2yid6699HfoK7Rp3BXgXqpIJBP8y4N3twzepacFrVAr1FSaWV\/9YJmSzfdFXXzT36p+zL8WZU3XaQE9VlDQ6p1IVJlb\/ZE2rvAkHhWmXfZMaSZ5ucbvXyVfTnlrexbUilu+YXhG6YzIUdtVXx09K918WU97MGNaVCL+9U1dhEb2y2rFApBsAx6mHLnVUJACwNpJV8P3Rki+r3R6x6RZVa9foU3sFB2jZ0346ts8vlBUS2JNHoeF9iI14FcOMkIsWPnWF7VOeb9ygRm4lhx56iVHDyDEtl+SIR691JcQ9Ce4Mr76jYrCBqkSlvVtV3lZZaXeav80FmtHHwX0THpychwZY+aE93SJEBbzFfd6qowgSjsgjDjT\/2G+rmwpay+mfEihP+yLB5MwGpxbRnCiHxDGa+rqf6x2En6FA3kvE0eFftG0q2IguWkLYSM7ALqlwmWoDwwHhazh8V+Sb+H4H9QJifEhwkMyrSQrOxuafDJDDvsRdJFJemqgdT+txf4kdXgDBueJd3sX7ZIVL5RY20SUMAvzuaZZms\/A+lLX4OAfu+nUgxFNxiU+oZ+c2o30ThH9QhnDRjVogm9DltDIrUy9qLLRSdqV8483SpU6VZKfgbOkMPnMPHTmuQ+IcI3Yr2YnEDqnqXZtjjElwNvuMu\/ypMCXqrl0Ipy8mJDRJ2vngTrqhcGqA8ZzfqQdqSeFdSj8VeVZQtiN3t7RtvM8rvx+Ew048TMvJR5XGzvOJQVjlKiszPYRnVWv9I1uXsFib2mf\/KQLrc3U1vLPG7gL+UGXb9SniPo66hyO0k8PLtt4U6fRItNQV1\/cHZEzjyjn20f9c2dnm2lUoTTnDFGZifQmOnSkwCKasx8sYVYx3w9tW5btjOOJpMQ8+6wLW4y9ELTZHI9kVWRz\/TZwglNUHAzcW4ZMAZkAARDvwIaw26OX\/vs40c\/XuaS+DGX3QP12GB7GkTLERGOSVA+GL+5DTdctkwijM0YQgzqVW4UidoDaQ7i2gJH9r7JzhEEQw6u8tFX5RfTei5dzzWv59H1PPN6Pl3PN68X0PUC83ohXS80r7ej6+3M60V0vci83p6utzev59jsh1fXfDU\/AhXHjIDydN+R2Hv2GyA+aTQZhOYALhcIauQP1ZmFBACXB2ClLMwHR3Sn7mbKnSF0q1D4zK25YyK3CTwoE8ynntJoI65zE3wpbc5pVcbqGX1RgeD3JJX4EsNUmaATErUH1OlDcAmFZaaWJFFSY8pogMSXZ+OwlvH0WXTj+1MzH+I+NBKVkBcGfyM\/pEyVwlyygAaiLxGVwnG+CDX\/ln4WMpJBGkjKVDq2ja+FGt0nMEoHoSMygSe3EHpgILuavp72+PzcWlrjr5fS3I0kKc98D3hrrk59UdrikyTVxdwaGGic2WeFsk\/0BJn1SamFunO10HP92Zfb54sRMp4Wiy9ccG15Th9276huZvyzKh95n8jmQWFcwO0pg6ZMBecSVyM\/LyZuJFK4F1I+Xkb6tIn\/FuW61Tlzof950h+vc0yQPm+ClJys9vMDtWZ8zi48vpXfJ\/Qf931UX+Rp9UR9kye9h5tqRh9lr3090rEknquxkVFi2OTK4NOka29fqTuMUONJl9y4MO17M3pOXOTTd\/eakxW5uynl5dNW7b2xVc+PThY3hsInSxnkdXOb78Hah6IQA1ZeHpvt2AssnG7ZW95mczPEb2BIoxvNlNC+nGAH37SQ1ilvqV4ibwEJIUUACRlraxLpSvp6OaVLHT0lJtodCY\/69\/ICVY+0nGO\/nPZK6Kjxt1\/3GKw7kmaHmevyGhjRrNRqmNxabXzlZipYSNMCeoFSbcK0ica0NVShugm7R4HqSExZtXkzvPG64OHvMVAu9zF6a67L5Tl\/MEgw2WfhoKXM0AW6wbzcPmkfj5krKCulJPGUqnsF8slYFtgw1NddamjrM19+wsrWC\/xapfz5YX15uS02HSZEdFTpSdgFkfKw2buP9cym7eeM+VzHk5kbv6n4ZRLVRvNdwRTGhhQLjB3xUF9muprrwqAwV09DdE\/xWMFYZTL2pSxUIDT82dYggXoDlCS7sMfnWptWiMVx3G3etabDw4dNZZr2XRSisKEXMTl8TIfaptir0iH2Q13PcOq1JGZxtcWMBkVlNc2UdYTnMY7\/PCP4wA8Ej2pa5EDiRhAoQ3fmQLkRpWqYuWV+w0pXi6TIX+Eya2UnKYgoGv37BHbynL9\/yctVUx9j4dXVLvplKx+ExM\/InSEDTI05vVYWHvJ89xJnTmbq0xlB95Isxy2Ib5IwbAUqQxdbjzS4LgT9\/GM7xHmm12r4NQJZxNccJU14wnj+1qk6Qwu+X4qqhvVYkoHfNqM7WqDyR3twHzaLISpQTGteHtmg3YAOk+0NQBg+QwUj7aqCm\/+YOUcGtmmfYGknDGmTifEjycT4kRmuCEovM2C\/cuAkE\/VRle\/dKse50Qak+\/cuxpC6z++SvhIM7RjU\/YdpT3lpSH\/YUeZCfTfEnhpBRb+xWHw2J2uJgtMc4rNCm6UUWFiNGw8\/I\/cLtflyYied0+6KA1JZPgJmvxPIQtq66Uty+QaL6Yv8xJexAhrD0Nbzgr\/n6f\/z7Yn8RgfTK0g+rKephCmySi2sz828KgU8gsKi95\/n6tn0RFfZZbSg44sJ9MP4PoEmaOQ26TPXPBEPdecLLpRT6ol+poTltGCy7qHRz5d6Wdv3j00Fg2c8uLlEpKMTmYIEftpbBF+mYqZDgmYNa5toZd0NqaytI2jhG\/gQIMl4Jvqd+s040irBEQ3U7s\/v4uEAspbet\/pjAAsv\/cfHs560iAWOZegnL7b4MrHFN5KQ9W3dtalM2xgQylp4IXct+Lrme5FzGDe2ZKiO\/aih9tlGto+kdmKHsJeMYDoDoDwZlmITowq3SfszfiwxAHz\/SwdLB47wDWVgSn7LZ2GX9R\/wDC5bkhUG\/79jgf9fWhIEom2XmaV\/K6H\/sLIcFim5skNn2giPiN763pH7TqhvNr39ZbSMFRCm1tuoE+PB4KAmKf4gkfMEAgUBQAsw\/BlHq4N3tSWmQvqOXYM7hNv5Qf9Mp4QcgnWFNYDv7Dyx1acmY3LwxJ2eH3ofANYDZS4bKNdxCjq13KoGseVmaHMzBUyZxtPjkDX7ZTq18IyX72YA50NWn16JGOazCTdzgazo46umYGZ6HtH9eDfBz+0zl52Lb09FBRCv4bOWGSPA6WkNQsFgWH16epbEdPQhHJ2SKOYW8yiIHXcqvIQ117HgCKhHp\/x8hjUyL8mhEebYEE3GTs74YehjP62uBvLsgM326b+Qnyv882kzPUMIUJAYauxfxlnynqnbdfwnYpJfrMD+ZYv+Z\/PMhEouzm+qSRVicjFL3z+a+hAo3fWln4wNQh8\/\/S2rq\/NNNln\/44uFbo82P9tq4rlH4PHv8wWasWN4\/6CfurybW3VC0O0U0zkWiG\/UcOKgaRRZNxtFuylsWutY3XEHw2cOxhwu\/x0vi8FHjUsvanOpfN1PTeVLwwIZOKsYgnx0N4YCIgOrwsmu30W\/DYwtCpOqppbShBM8uTFaOa59bsYuIj652dJ3SvI3ph9pFy6509Qs38mXuEWsIkaWsvoNXX+6ZW10D\/t8R1jQOD3SiAHNbM2oQyZlRlgCE4Skj1NaEIZELQ2TmKFhiehe5peKAfFuyRi9KfR3YdSSbFYuCBz8ArsbvoMec\/8Zv47uj4WXcelWetXcVatKqlJVbiWnffdmXr4eHPIn8hS13g4YKp8q+f\/b+xIex5Erzb\/CldFAqZpMU2dlp1CF8TEezxj2GuPdxRrt3AVFhSRWUiRNUplZTdT89sWL4BH3QSmzshdtwy6lRMYdL1684\/uOdzMMvuqe2U0kf2ipV+AsijX2aMpJo+yYznTHxA7to3Naa4+H4V4Sp0lhFeRxUyDvva\/4vtMH1L8TLVN+OCpqu3s6ohK9O87948I\/Lv3Cz1P\/nPq71N\/t\/H1yOJdoKs3p1xeIS5k2NmGUBYKUpZukoYBxOx4ycm8avpDyqQppL2OpVTd6yt+hdySIxY\/8JCvOtf9jHW2xAn4\/td32\/QZ22PeEjUGXfO+4oYab6GJK\/bGaSmz+w8zTD6r+WA5YL3gKDckTw3ZS7MzqXO6jWK5BwMDAOwWOnWYWUSgDWB5aOVOVZ+dNE5PY9JqfTE0TWBjxK8O3KE2TokoqRUOrMxj3vjSU4FtKBR+5UhkjMbSZ5i\/YgatAVOA9RRLedZsEXzuE9W93EWEj6sX1pm\/WJ6J2RHH9cQJtmdxTJONywnRVxkCBgs8w\/jLacdUWkCcJ4OgBssUFxnBFxfm5zNCXSn6hY3r0zDYGh2Ve53Q1neFD9EEHB6OWq12HOtoE64uqIE\/w+NOnFk21JBqTq\/lUDEVVGeTd7ptya8tCGudFtCL+xmgZ\/yGOn31whvhue5vSCwP3tAFJI+2vOdT5Y5DwYmRsSDgaGH5OMs2tgUHV2lNeyvWiJa8XLdXr+oSysww4B7eNtUoPlLjfMyt62j7MJgZSDBySE7ZDTWQaPl+tW\/hz5mtMygtxBhgRkrgi6O6tw8cjJZhYKAJm65nliqNNR7oA6CkeqsdfdCTeU910dJvD1zwzah9RL\/LhpqIMloygTBSxZ9Ggw9LS52WlFqXSLKVSywj0YDFeajMP\/yCr3RtsPs7GHn7+sYiKjyh+oESUWyqcbCZZI81wE1E0CaB\/rmO6ZRYbf1IupFIDf6s+P5fTF1YnLAU\/f8RaHbAjTLJ9sbtzGeyjqp5amFjJHI5OuWtfjzAFifL99iTVldAxW8mXcM97pZyL9qLSDWOWw8ZP8ye0U1faTZGk3dQVXGa8pH7mv8+zqblGzXgnisj+7oDSlV6dGunO0emYiuKSt7yz57KdbXXuXE9RttvFF+1X\/7J9ndhu7FGHUXL5vk\/Gbnxm3qx3\/C6p4mte3+wXafhWFqRmZF7ucgWlE3UFPRdRtrPVVxTFOV1+FAxPY7cU1C3vStsiKiigzGsIr5jdAiurtMCqlN+\/6E7xfSqeRasauBCCIgKrNr6PvcPBHLIreh+WQJYDZIlFZSWPQyBniq87bXz1vvbVa8G3uoNbaNzCYYfjWIXDBAeyqoy50ZZHwBQ3voWKeWVT9kbI4+m\/+NJPu3UiT9tP78cyT4ELO9rStPe0IBTPa5lolA67epAWEkFIDZf85sgEx+HnghkX0GUUliKgwdL65LY3cAlDayNJbcsiwqZCKYpr63seP8aOd7o4P2e1k30BvyGsKCVQhmj+CbULaHadi1xrcxBQ\/pau7hDFKJDMNn5zhLqnnUa5AAefzNGmd2T1HjuWxERRyaGMiuMYfPU4jU7FO4zb5c\/Xj0\/+4hZonZnTizyzApZb\/8P88egTwluV+0cRZioegLxqrfDcD08lJ4ih82CNROlAoB4nZZwiX7W0YPX5lNQBPx\/u4lDw4BEkbsFOrBzKaLup83N8bP09d14RZcEXM7taNxA3SQVrJoNkXLrUbZIdFO895SWT5sJjo\/fhtALlWIhx0tM0iI9RdkCU6qSrCpp4SBNYoI2F3pXCdZbVu8h3ijrSKEOWBmshyhzkBvCOIYnh97ytUzS1wJjVxXN0IAU3HxStL88pKq2bT9vVcXfo4zakaa7nlhErjhqKsMdsg57bieLjEfTd1WpgrdWA81zqL178cMnUGPm4KFZJPzACVvtcjdUuDUXmQ5dvwrWENIi\/7dm4103TAR7qrLnQKT+UxrnlKZuYpUMe7Q6oUq4RmGQhfcNlGULxWthbzsIgxgc9orjOywDt9yiucSkBsIzBsiMPM9fLjnyVFnKCSaelr9Q9o+kOiRGovxTo4+QAg5MBvNHkXkJ4u\/aWlgXhEHWkKgfCRXQlgdAXKGSptWBBo0iVtMsz1OgAe03v0yyuN6p2YyxHAQvLxvWK32y7TL9vVKpRGm0B90ByGOuTMlpeu76aJHucTungdSs9WbRnW\/nkLvN2zDXRRjJ55rC3MVOtZDCtcPiVN3xl1Bvzx3zK2mj6ESahrezpw\/54fC1PtOk4ET2jLDKZzpBtJeeYVACzpftqzqyBJ1bLtqHHEmzLEQXKWvO0ImiknW5NjKfU+0TQ1Pp1iSMwmPUYwAqaWv8w737Q9MC7EWBjLSzjEqdOzwCpsU\/L87gIhOT4KfNuqtoCqpO1sd7yRlbMdDqEql3WHMy5YK5QW0qWNxYhmGMsTqT8h12jVljtTWGksEPaKMMV2ZHHqjkzEHOLke81NkMrZGQXkohDunr4wjGMXNuIum54bj4eYcM1ULjvUPCEtg9JjZPbus+4cGxluZtvqAfgYo8TQlBZJ3GUite73r5MsKKi7AuOZucjNpldfrNGJ233T2z3F3IQ4SvcfFR3GGPQftvQfS3NxsYrdoxA7OEZ5Lndc+5SbuQP7WwUVNzTQnP5vERggWJMwoZlt27rgXcVGkmu8UjM6RBJ0NeklERmAUmpgmld2i6OJJeI8LlMcjlnoEhT\/JPy46SsU8j4pdog8YfdHfOqfke9MGUHlCfHhuzl6eacJUAYHGyTXXLnJVUOFw69VoBKW8NbgLPGmahQYfUv3tD1hTNaMIiXq2sYdrQDW+RlbTmwkMnPrEBeh7jtsfu5GVla5TYrLh1QrcG+aOzhTZI1shURrAxaD345P9eNGGVseJeYNx4SAFQEEKZeEe\/yzYiVz7IE3N6hCCZcssPwlXNCB2NVMrp6lO2GygenXgd5MdQ8\/Nb1Mj8rIE8k1exQnFRJnvF1Mf0UaiO\/jqovqqMK1RNVtLMwC\/m5jJF+GhbWq+KU7xARsbAHneGOpGVGZY32UWzfpRLiO2FyqQiOIk+\/HPLsXeiF\/hB3H+ADZuqFOBIe\/9F+CsPv\/NAjqBSW6+kZlXFSiUPpPIhVHYFGsbPucJxGZ7pi2Wo21o3z+e4F3BQ5ZExrSgaHHMgM8n92ItEmNLh3wwSzsfmJQ8cAhg59nIANFFZmVTeXiY+2vCT7a5kfwC4xDLxbRIC2SLGh7uU9RUndgpxUtW\/5Egj2naF+Ew5LlgdFb\/9WhUEZu4\/1QwqJBew3RZKJ7s7gFD1PPdhsQFvd4gl9pYFo2lcbFmCmiyWrz2U2VcUy\/ZTnJ5M2gZjFCfFLel1tSV04rSImQza57pUC8AeMI83YDHHN0kQ8MSrl1i4qxfXYwG3Jz3VxtjFVieFst71xbaCEHHMNHMkfDWGQSZZcuNJkPzMZ\/rxp6If1t1hOgiHc0ucKIyS5NUoNTkZqk77Am1OQKdxWXb9Nr4\/xXTEvYw8d1wazf64r4pGvWUYPqvQezsweWRUIQJLZ3rQ4R49OOs6n8nRDU6rCiyxagSXWOa7NLEYxzZ8uOAxAV3k4CSEiTp5B+HIIENj1ltCRD6pMUTqWzsGDuDTU\/Ol9Y7Q1tY\/CFqueomJwOoWGXplccy7eM+KkbMYBY2BS6OOCMfneXm7xVsahgD9d8DYvXi4aRyvgQDM886HkFPkCNlsLI2mOtdZyY69Gjl2RVxoXjSBIFi+AF6KG\/GDWjwRaZTXSvN3ul76al3GkWFQOSSQEB9sqtnqQC3mBJM0nji1Jw7HJ2QoAV1GNpKEgEDS5MeRp0R\/CTamxBNv6GrJlKpTuGbASmSEUG1OCmfeeadpUDq2ieFjVFFRHjeCbuVZcOZypdhHZoCNzh+8oP5OmId5OdT8nv\/Yh6qRKndfLEIpK+7w0HsSlvrHiCbG++IRY6k8IKQ+MRcptN4B6\/6\/GKcf5bhXVPDw6hffDmvLB9dsa2qbebF8qi1YvD\/hNszhmIpW9po7mBYYfruzOB7imLPtUUzEYywI7aElD2LIO0vlV82XGI9naKBE2sAeaQXYK9RqZvprH1UiNOE2yh8pXFosZu+QQOboCvagxxcvbZO2R\/BSFM1QOP2G3Q9tGukWbS8M8rDHU2irJaiAVCz04ZzuE4ZtJE\/o\/e2zFm7nSXdt3yTbt2O2UP6fUigC2W7uBBp0tix7dQ\/Zm040y3OWFQldU+n4PUqfafa1XspGiEqnRXpg0DpvwAUMWnbUSW54zt0NEsV1NIclL14m41IpSnjOPwyicj0zhB1LVB1lm3wBYSAzA7JRIhknTVgy\/+mOb4gBZbJN7iTW2BVdRyUE5XEmHeKu6DkTlgzqvhcrqEuzlS0lQh0NUPK7YszPNh6zBfa4OJ+GiNmZaXg39TeacdY6Pqzgw5L4RWp2yjg1TyieEdlaNVZ0c+cFedLmGA7rYhBeu0K\/cODO7YK0Sf0RAPNfRlkSv7fO8tjJzsA8qJLDJ2P7qMhFajam8Ha8NDqKsq+JSvMcUHVC2Uze0VbkEy\/aGu7KF7JQIQBVSVAqWt0KlH+mDfrX9MiAnRtv87AZpQIolqqQNVIYqKNVk9u\/qucbkejfVkwkofX5JNKBzsKWxuZcF6snL0YTr4QAjvs9W3gZpTfLIPFIJiYVzTC+UV6ONzLt+bV1c3rhAO8VIjY45k5cH9i1jNFO3fLvcU2MdaWbYPqH8fME0VbJVpdWGhlqVab2aUEubfcGWTOf56mI461pZMJajJmOI4cQQUH4\/zOOj8oZbgB4rZJGM9QDh0rxto+FZIhrRVdxsWV4zRAHqk8\/gWkRFBUSmY4AcdGV2ztqXdqBSO1Jp\/11ObWy0pNk7VEdJWjVXNUTgkjvKBCsDOWSv4VRHsIgT5ceOOUDAz7qlkGI6SyjPjrLR+FVs+nR317kI2+HDt0UbcmGhpAvAYpmC+rxGegFeyWnGVdQl4l0adcAV+2DXfPXuGduxG+wmpdJoQnYvYf8lXqDfkyX6vTdnnJmLqcHgtZBI6ttQKanr5ITgSdnWga0RtGxHbfxM\/zXvbpqHGO5dSkMjXjZYY6Wtp+cpekTGu6YMM8tkHF3I759zk56taeenIdZF29mZrhAB+p2F4zfZJxZvBEhbBVqwHnDgFxegoFIjdQ0EAao4co28PK5GuffiB95zaWCnkVu3L5HDm2v5\/Q2aC+ZEb1TMMTBXaVRUCIsa\/MnSbt9xrfvan3eNxWYR1+mYuIcuxKgrqc4LQ9MBlKk+foOYOLf+GXiCe7w1fW93N3GjsvRqNHttoa2YjCBC+QwGc0ErcyNYsKislTRqb6VNGS\/JK4dORf1FgTupdLg5gdloF9bIRQKD+pigJztNvkQFiup3RE9J0tRvlRHshMLKyNQ65BcCQa1vyJoUaQPLimXoPrSmve+Sc3JBRIKDeGdX9xgnSop2qJFe+0de5FFZ5uUYLNT5kBEG7enSCsL54gajlTY6UFTF4pnty43oytQF0KvTFGEFElooxuy0Gs43dj2Ero6jfjeaiYqGbIClpjMKo7psmD+sP1iMMt3vD+HjUZeCZH91Ze5L\/CBqGDV9IxSvFBVcSx3J+TbKU5ReB9VFywWo4fbTMoRxPuuWSVBG3ncR672a3FaHLQv5De2BGVYbKgOTWYRFCdk\/mkXnK93Vam1QFdfV0jn6tg5Do2\/ItzLFwmxqkaaJITjagn8EFRWNAK\/LO2Msbp9uJNHZX22BSejoETjXCWmCP+Z1aJXydQ5BxbpazXtDfXJQFWO8g29MBVUwN5NGlB8nOBIBzxqDYWOL5qLAimlDyDrO89xybOTvOY0NloW+lvhV\/auvDLbwtaZ\/X22o10e1+9qUJwuuCjvSC2wo8PWIYr4eccs3gDuxC6ZII7jYPCvOgLukeneXRtnhXVROffLpXE6nDWthuWOVyaiMtkD8TiuXskcUdeJa9pGhkn1kqGIfTe07tY\/o7nnwSG948xnYY59GzfNp6ESfRUzy6ZSJITqe9r74MpOyL17p\/d7KMxVw+rBvgL+xqwjYt7ukccF\/KqLdp0IVwIzPhMbFnde+YlL6e90xySgVXaM54hPuLstBwPXHHD7ZJ\/fTRgrHil8Jjj6oM1OeQxT+JHEswRYdo8cEmqthWyaFPXPXPsvUsPblTzfVibQenbZot0O7+0aSOcsnj8vSb\/EtgkkDcq7au6lOJBWLrrFnkWYJLkbdqfRzxlcizBvmjVBdD8FUw+Fx4O+8+Tw8VV583iZxsEU\/Jah8dzP3Qz\/0Z1Nvm9dHDoqDlLQvcwoENpQiNv\/9HfT1a50PD8423Db96g5+LabCU2C0jtjaGXqurXG6NyIS+NJbu0HYNDLK4wDCVUIXpJi+7bLIoM1oQBvvBgqto8N4aDvOB2MJbOccmn51YO5r4ttdBWGHWaLsxgUJCkQrlQk2Bx4E2Bxq4XbWzWAeftUF+B702JMvAGmjbQ0VeWyHVLMYsFFcwWj4Gt849bmWZwbL2ItsEOLRoZPbT0ckh\/RX4jeKYCLwvYEBgCZU71MP7J22Tp5YnuzGapnzSN8qL6x2jcjSHDb8ocvBXIBUADgL3fyQcynP7qmD+cJFQuZdWHkKnZuQtzWd3S4qChSVEN93B9dDCPPZUN8RHUukqsLDQX1NXBZYvJKP0rRXAnQ3bD4j1m3+JDVPckl7AFd4JSBqLpt77pjMjG2brY0kStL7ZhRxYo+UwCn9UAjYSyMlryJf\/xBl1VdiZerjy2GMA+Idi2Rj8sH7Y8rufJ4Uzrd97L28ZAzMMEjFCi6uXySKU2jBXDUs3eAW6423zJFhAqH9XKGojI+q1nAsVL2cnUlw4mU5MBKWSjmtSPhNEKGsM7TVtJh4BpKfcCc6V1P+rB9tW3c0rik+V6I3eqb0Rn\/G4J9uSdPkHUOGyGdY+k4ZIp8PHWg8dwaHnpEYWuCg\/FawRbjbjUGr4CNotPVIjDcf1rdqOwDmibNimMTiXJMqK0YeLfSOOKpbECP5VWuMtszJbt0\/Cncbynb69z5xGbaTezlQk\/I+Q4nkIokf7lvBHnoz9jg04QHx5bAH0iDYaGpfOVCEUwX47FCIWu4MXBhYY99K1KKl\/qUej8uBFJyrVNC1K+IhrW5uIgO1EAYfapEOgkTqGalO+FfFTxhiY4g2buEJBzQbWX3Zc\/DU2kOfTkGdn8skO3ycQP5V+yO+H6O6avAeSlJ8q1Abeck7UFCQUbL2deL0kta+NLDatvYm6yRLqvk113wNsc3KUNRWBmKylFN1morq\/kriPGvMm\/4YJTi0Tkn0y554CnImqgGQWAuruev9gjEahbZZlxbtshRTrjg9L0OOzo7Q6LQRqpiC7GWiIABQxK8x8Dp9VoiWsLkKsIALuLXx19Bt8RIehE\/wznBAXbJWaPYnbWGgSvJmt+DFwIaPCwwZXFcszBmtbjKbffkvCInIi6A3lFWDbFSXqGqE0SHbfjom3adt1n363D\/307H79JBPp5zUHe81rU5NEFSndlbuLKZN6mDd4EIA7VgoAn\/Ll0OAkYVwRgs92Qr2u734raWOgPbqZ0UrfalyJVdr6OB5+aTIo8Xg+7u7LdrnJVL\/Togj7K+21cm7w0aod8e5f1z4x6Vf+OfUz1N\/nxzOJZrKblChvij8\/rTh0\/z0L7WxJJGPwW18Ylr0f6yjLbZc3E9t7979grYOBa9O5KrmiG3EYkkYslIscZCYXNHVSILzMdAFMAbEADEAFZFriASVcQRkXHWS30wvJg28hENP0VD6WjwWYqYN8n+51vEc5SoSBANXeXUKIJmgenU34Rjura6x+suWgdyCMlKG10WIFA4iJUOsde6etMetumm4mzsro9K6yHWZSOM35zUFoZLnafVSqHTzbyiN99HpGoitYENQIraOQ9dczG331zeGaL3K9qOhWMdsKXifizzYRymGi9FTAG9s0YLaSryb7ALoObUpHY4clF6ygC4EEriKQ4D0ovVY+6oHsEdNt97fvL9Ludy\/avtMoVP+MJeZpOe3t3JdUEm2oFlL0mJkaTemibQqaT5fKvV+MenD6iLqYf\/\/O6wg+\/P145O\/wAGhjJmEPLPCiZYf1o9H\/xYupaqJwNGfkrBYG9NN97q9kw9GsY4OSIZUKph6TNflTpAeymi7qfNzfGx9PndeEWXBl01\/VzM15wp3vEB9ycNVeKTV7uzpikJxHH2lSXwMFfE\/dvMqDcKqc0xHl6I9Ll92yXhK0jSIjwAO2x6cIFZVlTgtnPQGDbb+YLHEwQthF8cEuwZIbMPvGIuBHRnyhQrCZaGjC7XFSDMSELGHV63UhUQtVLf8ekm\/WiObujHpY0NNQYgn4VVcMVQvTbJCsSKUfTqUjbisXhMGQp+xDbpXnb4kNaWDntUH+czVTQ10AcHfhOFS0VbMZmnNMyFY31TMAGPoMH9uFgMYOqsriztOWHWS4rkKWKzwRZePEZ9LGIHfQV0bwpGIT0COAPFm1X0DJcewHnHD6W8\/53DmkK\/1+LPVCW5SceNG8arlJbG\/94ZXc2a+zAKBkXk5IxKUroiyGLHecHEXgQhXpzdDqNU2RT46bScl3Mi34Q4dKMZnMrkQwBuVldwF2ooBXz2mvtqU4I+2vS6XMvkK335V3cBeQswTLgMhl0S\/gZdv6jbvGLdgzS5EhvwSi9a2zpzuC9s66zrXSLVaLkvMUoFOgjzzJSqmqtmvldLySx6LbR5LNynXzmPpJ9sqjwU8nxYUys6k39b0yWO8Y9egRLZlX6lOQZYfUmeO6YXpmrOYXgef0wKI7TKR\/FUdnKm12F2di\/lV6aXbHhoZntvnxpErty+\/ErkycZ9fTMO7eT2C3XZ8BvLatguc+dIq9r064TIUirDOvjmKle9NWWnSx8YCLBU\/6G350R2zzoqoxSs1V7lXZv7IKIJeg76ub9SnLhbGiOEu42C0Kno8erukKBL\/1l8PJt9PNno2cC1VgruPkbTnR9hm9+pW\/WM+n80nqrO2MaNRjmgZcH16kZ5uglK2Xe4TpOhRcK\/9kHnndOTx0b6fJu7cv4v1d1NZJlYX9qSRcduowqDwNsShdCNvirzyTc9k6GABYce\/oooIY0HGNbyhw08DY8pZfZaUllEBM3VYCee6FQLuFmM43RTNPeTXQz92GUp9SpErYyvuiHyrqS7O6mJeMqK2TNmEhrn3a2950bXFOMNVGTdO8sxm86aieUriMZ4vreiU5goyJdrMq9W1O9qjfXT6OOkUyZFsSkxZx7xMfgI8AEVpnZV+yEEZX1dc5lU1kqkJLKhRXSbPGPlVCFUw372WU22xjQC2X6EiKiHNodu4fU6FpewnBXsd4ZMIoT+C6kMoVqKqY6C9Dh5y0\/4bVMkOKRH3h2I7fL67fVJWNViF010ju86HZrfjqYrzAl0lSLM3rjH+44VlHjfN+2mL7de3f\/BK2tvdTGPs63\/fNWPYFVgbgd1LdovBHWzCwojJeHBg6nh2iG1e1\/lJbk+za7ec65KI8acyqWHznXLYF33dZbpROmLEm+18FPesZa4h1R8IV9PMg4CgbrJ6KWWRzmopCzdiFKSlMtVgWNii\/13ulRec9yIxhqmuS3wd3MB3iqR8KYmRh5D3vbkkvV3YDKdkt1Nq5NJlL0ZW4nG8JAtlRxMaq5WiWyXxNq1ISKWT0cKyy2tae0lQCXGsX1SpCY7l0ZrVeI+VRbslWldnvl7JQw7ZAjhVyqw+lXIzPr08eLe6bLEATBY2cbX5G+\/A9fVVA1QwQlMzMV6s5ExmmlaAldntkkTeWjoy7DExBazHwyrqDSqVMkFedJjjYjt7ngyhYlTQmV3ECd0lC1PPRkH\/t+CSLi3tqz8\/Ava21S9JwA6z8qaI0+3VoVdhMB\/qkZIna1\/RIXKBzHHjbO\/eaLTDLn3zCdsSrYnTu5JlvNt2HtFRpMZOtzENQ5IyR\/BcWrn3cSQXI22+91ZzyOtgqWKYm2d\/21nYIRqIEOZSgl1e+FimLC6mrhFN1\/Ce25AuaSbHaSu0sBevG9eua0vdmPCCRjkQ1VBCjArhykbV7Qc15ZcuSMZmgiAgnj+l9NjiX9Ul9TGC9qcDxKfZQz3ziclqWtT+IcGiPyStO9MFdDloGgY2nqZAm89lwzHWha5chXetV3Ogy3Tta3XtgwVXh23GF4i7M2a9q9jOuvTxcdhrvkbZdCVQExPZ7VMRZYfHXJdVLsOZcuGSnPtMA6ZuiegSt58RT5RSVLQJ0PVFUIISj6S2NgetsMvPHpEs22W62ibH4nX0qX25td7n+6D+UqDGuoOaQrr2DBnD2vbj7GLZilMDP1tkrYpptgvQ0\/z1\/PHor5Y4FVfiVVlpFlCdNiJTpSreXLwjydFlX\/fGSB+Xw\/SEG8ctp4125GQyl8qqDz4bIjWsBZuppD4QQbLELB3T2odHnlQr+qQaFcHsvReilzc23A3V6fWJzarTCxObVSdbYrPOC+q3ssvvMmP9Lp3UH+4QvhhBNr0ITs+NhKyDxPK1OE\/qX33tHdzXBtv62vuMPZEeQ57YDbUdRaMkZTmAcw0n+apyD38GhBPgJT6dgs8GGxA8g56T2uIx+oqseSxO8wq5XKWJHyE5nVBZJY\/onrKR7JNntBsQDAa+ZAr8TQ6c8PjEIyfsHo\/GdAa7UGi+wRIID9IoHRqD3XVKWhXB6NAU7lrWJbOlUIewc4VG5LAsrROf1InXnW9TsQKpHtDrQDNQtHBMlDcLl4z\/yGHEuxbBjcrvLBDT0UMFu4iQ8rWDPpXNJEVIpEoAE8yGGBpHlhb2v9+RlDBmj5yS7N0a3C0+NjfiLeMFODlRlbvWOvyq+8Zutwm3INP2U1ItKoyVhma6UCw6rI2uZAVUjs2riv0i5o8CYPsIY46ptg8wP18daUAFCkuKW3JY5FPq233VnrDCJJDb0vKWXn+7x6MXkGCFqf9hHSpBikY3wypTSqXPSmthTz07wCO47KusNpUxyUkpnwh1bm9Mam9ifm9CYlqqFzqrq2Qg+ysMRWWRP6q22p92U3k+52JFEjr9XuAN3zlIYxZw19Ha1V3LW28IiVySOUgk4WnYQC8T7e0PnKReqiQ1ddqFcM7BMYcNYUDjpLZUKQfjU7ecsPLoD4C8U\/vrqrJwBtZWwoLmUhyPEjxXEcyozmEeBnj2wel9PD49\/ps05MpJKwCzq9U6IcEXUsIWWCm3c2GlLEEzoJfKulsk8MGJR0fXfNa4ykfMjS7Nu1FcIg3vVij9xLrmnTU1KAr2QwvXOJgSp9frIoN8CCRCs3U48J7xnESjp0SPF+QvDYetZPHDrbFpj4kffnB4ubdx0srrPFTIQwEDAT+O5a8G6I1Z4VY0furGUphVDgRMqvJABZHtc4wKItfpFdtf2PoY\/FF\/SMxD4Ro0OplbftXoqv\/O+76rncJmsE\/250eP\/H2MWpg7ajR5KxlFD85X53jRHhQ72Ywt5WzVOAeHJpTV4ILjHe92UmDYQ3odYjdwcEqe3yWZV5WHrS9Vs7x1+J1PrdmpU53po2rtE9dWp7+FLRePPZS6fJ6TXWpUbafNFRcWqXC4LXWmC4bx2N7Zq1Y2JZt5rlIFeZFAfy93XPXrCqt\/l2pEq+voMFjKCKLtA6\/ZaDsmurqE8D65IqMJxrU7mceqD9JjTpjr9ivqKMPdVXj8xh5cd2nUZ0+N7k9\/cjG+SWaqiG2FM8qtVtj0qr0mCn\/3QK7cAfP3d7Nw9d30WkJcvjTxGYabDdpzyEfeDVN5DaPmcIGD45JIT3y2XOi6u5ahwBa9yBGPSyGGlX8PElS88V6xBiLEaD3yioVjjNaLi5bCZpsdDAZjeahMr6\/OaV3R0Ow4b6K1DxlZeK6ErcQmFV4R4LXtn1PsZ\/sO+SwSTl4Ch2Wo8ZxKibBEHBTHaH2byAu614e80eu1AmzFGyHjWBqx56wSSdix6FL7LKI27cq7mN\/bzfDX7XGLtS83g8vw+63jzl0q6s2T4FHwO7ecg21SY8ZnDxeOcFzNuKYjZFtMdVqprWFC12baDBpqo+A0pYiav\/Jw0pQio\/E2rEODD4fu4mvnC+qGC+sIxgSlufnsW07VK8epWXLdbtqMoYpSJbzQKVojcHbU+FemYEuc\/EQ0TIXfrMiLYNuI4++Inc0BOCycssG6VmJsBgck4IthHOiKHTIOtgdMj\/KIfDEN3UycNpKmvA2A2DqpW0VeyA4Y47op8gE4zo4FlH7lIkC4IufQ1+yY3cchnQuVEQhv+tKvRvNWb6hC6yO+lVmmaOPvUrg296kdpiRYCQZDSCuXr0h9Ze2m1g2kyKQ3dFwdCz68ij04OkVCQhvELDejr4KrTK\/Q2okltsQxaQdQQoYeUTkK99N09oJaNw6qUkgZHoUTptOkWGYx8SARsDR+mI9R2CBg3RbeMMl2MiFsjZk\/qKiYCE3c4zO1Ax\/X3vISKBNo2WV1q5oWd9RpXDllEBY3m9xkLVzUuSYuwhFzpg8z7abFuVgSy2bHNaYpBtuIdafGkj41dCjdQnKmxN25piMdvvMCj49zeEVSBftwJs77ygPXCw5VzNYnB73HBoIkxa93iWYa8Hs6Vqr7aijCCyv42mXO4dbB+2V98gWG4sZKCbUyKM8s77SVeWqZ\/rXGENcOXiOYjxZt+rA5lUrEJfPfyj0KykfHU0u\/WJaXzQi6KPkGoRIcG1kyxIcxxx7nmONgCyiPkIYwQIGUzxx8VV2iOj7aJsXqWxwcGkWdRok0prpRN1mjL6HLIrHPotfZhQAIgHWlQhCQ3KPHTJ4YN3SF7TIcABdRkejUNUxNOohclBb3PvU8yg7RAe3up0R7p0aJ4jNxrZTkkWuE3sIw2MatJI1iXAlnOw5LpxGZaJozl7AsQ2fvjlH1rk\/iwzA6fg99M2UzN6bNVZxbV9E7RnUWAzu17ZuPLmGguZMeVNdkEBphqz2XjRXCznIpIuysDc7lfaWwXDfKVBYL14eh7OEecEG6GlhzL44xJVYidshIaMiFvEkazAss0MSYhBFJMlYzJ4\/\/v6ZvifEGcBYJvFjDiz0oVOUWBbt4PmjQAQeYEfsrZFVHdRJLoow0dwnZtUF6v+DkbciGwt7JZ0PIvt2MVm9d70+MGeyCm40wvJ1tkZDxoGzXGy80S7XNlnIPjjQusMv6iU1V8nCVlXNhSjmpgxsBvdazzT2wuakwEXf8PaDMn9ziBZ1vGmX+NE5xFA7e9RibF3WGS312YpRlGCqZPk2Lr4ObMSbimQrSIueMctNTCxvbUcPbUYMJbSO\/lR8nKXpEgPormpTXjqW3WguOXPnnOUE1fSTpzUFXMX29WFud0jvlwXsuo3K1tIqrqUTufWAHSo2lwlflcwm7JMqxzs\/xETurDQxQIjMw8YeTHXiZQ5w+9bHAIdIY31m0ZNk0XrOSpC3r6Efxx4+TIo2yyT2HE2BD1qiqIY0yTFXC4mVtbGkjRVPZ3EgOOgqFsG+oHMzI4W7SFaSEg1ANFVwAOE8ta5+InrtzVjPavJNGkdag5n4j4YgseRH5s4TZUbGcFNsITgnMb+8QBlvEeZmhUqR0UBh6el++3MPPxuNRzZ4ZV42ifeQSo2zdXN465fAZ27G5HuJ5Add\/i7ZbD+LctvHXIF8pNLiV8p6pN5aqmPRRZmPEIjf5CW\/ebjbyZ1u+0uJQsmb+kAuKdmF2V19xZxY8LBpWa+qwEClFXGAjv6qHllWdbYbBhELPEQiIUJlaSGTJcNDcbl1eF7EwRNmXpyMqkZ7sVsZrKyXClbKXakD7i7SVpVhcQ5jWA9LMIXmgP+0GHe1muVLWcLNLToMyfBPeqp885nXDNoIaOa7ym\/XGZPgPiqyxC3gvMi9OyhjChJVHi2J4+qhBvn1LdV3wIo2tPYOFJF1GXHM4qniAjAvayz+pXmwkJTbZFkL8Z\/sNrKHPeYLvwuds5xI+UmTEH9OOn0oEZsCtfEzqbpgtZ1mpBuDysM4umzihPGus8SLjlutCRUGQPxXXJVuzTyVyYypzpAnQ9NcdQb6QotIyDteBFqEzVM6VXhW2Y5YnJWmIl\/Aqq4BPxaG3ajmJaBM99Z43uw1PrQP0Mh9B32qLBEVyQ4hmsy\/\/9XFS1XkR9CCm1eTeUJwBCfSYdPif26z7dOrRQTPUffrc44T+dOw+PeTdp\/r4NrBDh2i3LinopYKAhRgCcK\/Aaz6O9lU4hpcY3uaH8PHJHJHrCm9mb6SnwcUos8hUYbwXDJiUF1IXyeZ9z+pc77359AK0DAn0oMHxTuCDlrgx2ss3Lj1DHycp2DomNFSFVarAm5kqcvtnLf4XTJbOxkAakEVlmT\/d98o6fRhBDpNEi13oryNyFVcdXEviShQphyYMdPY9kWN+ogVBpQRJFwOgYX12UboUFrVPEiKe3sXYO1pM3q\/FdOPCWyJR+d43cjKq4Vv9hjGEubwfklf6Epu2HgjJ6Ehh+PAM91LhnIkfmksLOZ5P20ar0pjogUhusG2FrbXLIXAI9MBoq2LcKBD8WomzqlqjQ3GS5mlqkE2sSdlsBQ2uEY4C8qlxR+SwLts1gXmwuLd73TqjOXsOdggVoPKD3bOTfXVecGGyhL5XDdTWF2S4szA3lG1UIWjlALnI1IlbQYjOyFiTL5QXkmOUlFDcVN\/TI4c4oDAgE6wB\/jxhXBKrMBQVw5vZHJ00jFWO6AV9uxnCRfV9sB9FK6ADfY1R40rIjf\/eoTgvW4qDc7ZDeFL4n1QSupvEXmTh9\/pi+gUtuddZSDO6c22WljPeAF3EN9ioD83YFRQ8y2MxFt26ptb56Drk3LSdUkodnsoMc7i5xvU74h8MrQm2s+fg6RRsUZo\/fYI\/TmmQ5TXiN3vXx5uVhOLt67+A6hUlGSo9KJRWqH+AqAipPq2qWTBNQEyL98Gm8U+nIC7RLqmrhnK6dEWsvyrLoPT1p1OwP6dpi+V8B5+ruEQom3b17fL4ofsc1XWZbM2WlxQ1QZCidgH3zB9J+4VkhbvjAxvFDAVGssY28pXUuGnBeHiN4GIbO1GKvPe+4vu7uy3a5yVS\/06uBXKHjqK2O2z2f3ec+8eFX\/h56p9TP038Xervan+38\/cJSncVqn0SpT2VIuPoC8eFTq2Sw1PkdRU2Q+S5HZVVijx7y+DQuu25rvPMj\/wkK86136LQdoQsP9bRFt+e7qe2Urxf9dZSO0VSiGwboIvVVPWHPCo0RQHayldQcEgVPxwV36M0UpW1e7Ak7ZQ3cjD8od7ct+\/NfajqPu16w19Sd5+K\/lOWduY+0u22k6RLpJWiHc9AGqocVPa8HRaB4gUBDQbn63InzXzjxkWuqEvBHwSjAakBgvom2AR\/COUMvSlWDupzdZkLolfwrfRIinjdvpmwVIVcwzaxtw9dcUfTsrwwm4A+DHEGlqpN2802ZB2btz9OqiwqqmNeQzxW12YsgndRdUQ71ayWLwgF5NCfY\/5klIqtssoY4kyJgKRoL08bFzJMsFoF+6TuODExGr6cF1NbbZrYVYujqFiVx7CTCFDFN8+X6hYuv5858bZcjRJnR5EIHo9ikUYxEkghGL4Abs2SL9j+ARS62C\/qUOeanAR55ks636mf6x4Lz\/74CxiDk41IXbB6ALsqINXARB++mnK08C+U1Jwi4F8xwVnaanzBIW1MtwB7aQOy2vEoswB1bAturEE8LBC21iy6OTOn4UsdYsZ7khkakjnczSEx7dB1QDnOsE3t+x5W7TlIkVv+\/GKtYWS3BwqlzqnxUfUON4BcsOMjih\/Qbjo1LlyH81pbETnRnxpTmBSUkzU20dQpCtJMZBiex0cRnHVhD86qCNNTsKRApyTUYOq9cZ3NcJV90I7Q0hTIGFTxEZ3QnYc9vt4uKh8UQ7GLauSshqvKqkcLq9nUTYlXnX91Zt8EVTipdGWIoAprE1rh21k0q37R2KDqOpx82zqDf5KtwGbP2kNvlQaMbZ0BdpTIks4K2bWugEvkPLy+S6pom6KdXLJ2v5qAFa3Vm3682zeUQuogXcvqx\/stwKfOml9p+dsJHmG\/OqOybv9fujTJYyjbqR+yqJkCQmQqhnIN1aoekfohgllhMXYOGJ1WqJvsQ8LSMSq9LKSYPQdey3gPXgV\/ET4++YtbFWdjioJTlGTaWji6T3tF+9H5SsJDOFuJbiysgi2qnxDKLJB9r5VAAovnmD9ljVWYqsnextEG9Dh+UVWgGPZXneR33tz7tTeTJIcZ+ZPpsCFLtwJpEzENnfId+jg5pPkWtgRNH7xhkwCLKAu+6Mq7gkk8UNvEcRUe6XVjYKL+bmMDq4d3SOFe1uZcwfLBroF22LsAEfoXtbMBqm0lVCSJ7ddkZVHvHsqo1uZJWC3zrrRUksHGa+HUjWGuKu6BKQTuEFOH6P+Z9UXw9PAJ32uwBSipiRU\/SvNp84jiOi8DtN930xNUcZSCFkMqU5bYhlUeowJ9nJRJdpjcfyJx\/IqqlKNP+i22RF2315belklTLHRFa98nypJqTPRJIspCIZ0Bp+WzU6p3ZfSvvUxjrjpJ+p7A+zav8+khxfNm9CIEx4Q2vUa3mdSpN0IyjTEJVnA12UaCYmGyRWmlZcqRAgxYHl6prGQc5gWRVfu6Bzeg8OaC2VIGGovZvkcwqFCT\/4p2sgUfSwbzIrnWiZ4XRVKjYoB\/yvOTNgdBmvnLDJwOWHY+NREYadpF3YbUmQjQ0zTSaWS1InCCBOGMBt+bm8D35hJHJQO5571n1VugEsaIHMb00DdjmaCWq24CWkkOHz9O0jzaYWEu4tcI6JIqllrqe2H7r1Qq4N0uKd+VdTo1NowqU1+kpBRUlnk5uRcj4MWo95Vy1SY7ZHubY92E7IWCv2LQ2PWuhLQqkyFmbzD6askdcLjtqdyViwtueUb7jV7bPjYjMhOxDpLVroGwX5XBM+bscXFwR1ZWpzwpEe+nXTiGoaiyy1UtSBWUDcJRKPiPVSWWdqaWH+Kjyb+urMHb1SNXCry7a645glUZ25vLBfhQYaFSug6\/oIWFoI67VoWoPFbjZJrcS8xKOmlWlonviTSq3fyuMIugnSZV3fCA84+oJLkjwRYdo8cERreNGhbbrWrVqai\/NBbi8RouF1gkTQT3kDMcsSpcEKt9BULEGLgiYXjgxgXAYp1tgNb8InZmBxiWzoEqizRSL\/RkO1fJNWurK9R+iVcE3re3hHfR2UGV72tLfK5F8Ywj8O1u2KzupWmdUE\/gVhEZuRc1Tya14Cs3BTwtVlc9OFVRnVVzCUWq8fzCFgs+wWmMyOmDFdtYxTr3HlGZ7L+A7q1MEfJ2eV2rIxefKEzJjdkbuTFZL8l3g3hvV5Oyeom5ijIpKV4rIfzbTYwZFHIo0eto0czapF70hmygGO9ntrggqjbJSrm9oAPB1j4mPlQHwm8uCXBOSzoG1ZytqIqLsNDVDduFsAQY4\/guORv7uxN\/q3dGGexcnmOBvrvrr0iwLfrLZDfZcHPV7YR1PB4tEcNkSLGZVz\/8oB0aFdpbG\/o5QgkV8wlCdbIJCX2+YGoYZ7C1M1u1rk9dMJcqmaRW\/tCHgQnapF2clFaL3ZdyqAEhSMpINNg50HVxRq6OW9aZDFl\/M511V2u\/nentt7OpqXeMoVZKUCGhm+Ru+Gvtgk2TRgmTOrM5BX3dOeObRa58N16CrwRZewIS0qYHTVID+\/Z4ADhzk7Ix7pNntJMgf8xnyw\/L28V6uRauXY9PvLv78ch\/s3s82tLvSdBttXdhdyMd23kqYbWx6ZoiJXZfuMUc4u2wtqcu7qvAQXJKDZVPUMCYia7Y\/1RdgI7\/yok86rzlMkpSm9a5ZIGPTi7CTWKXUtdOEr7TV604S7LnIKuSAwaf7\/\/ADmR+A0teRnkTBCj\/JT3aLT0a5fL0aPhelx5NfndNj0a5Kj3aPgt6KMMhCxrlDpnMQw18JvP4FOZ+ZVqnMKP8RVKYRzl+FO2T5z2jXJH3DD1SfK\/Ke0Y5GBcvSHxG+bUTn0m\/216SPrXNvErmMy6edWUMa0fxwqtlPuN+nlSTflnmc7sKTCnF4c86objt5MUJxdJy4DKTpmg3ufdtX0FVDScrvMPXrTQJwpJ\/oSRiUvSrJxG31f6SRDw+iRiG8BskEVPH6osnEaP8lySq10yiIuM92lfXvv4GM5jgFHXIYCKP9+vPJoOJfeU1M5i4mr91BhPbnDeVwQRNevkMJpQ7ZzARE5M0rszOy47yUblNtoweL5Sv1La6NYZFcf1xUqIK1ZhkzoFIEZacKluJnQXZwciaoIdDrvRvvV97i+mrJDd1XaBt5FUdxQ+ijXwNRvJQluW0odOgdLW0+Ujw92LH4Xzrwt+vkr+E8mCfRrWR9QoX2PUoLvOqArxMRYkvGbsPxbvF7odeMJuH312EymTWOq8fqT+Xob7a6w7KAHWUmwPU568aoP7\/U2R6N\/LXDd1GOXB2bZER5sY18tk6to2Xu6u1uv92QebfMr4c60XxG4saJY36hO+Szg57jXHRjGikErQvEoba2jTNK5Ud5HFdwDGoipjJl4oD1TSFSIU8MzKaDoSA+vBIk22UCo9UNsEUGWm0v1ZPo7ILBEPA3C51F9fYIjAp\/Z4jwJhoY4pVK5J6dL85SibHbAhTUKiivWV0UoCGUcNorwxpavG2rOtcmA2100dlXq8aXjmyNNsZZcSJE7YsIRLg2n\/PqiuaDY6ld+UbHthDZtN1KsVF8SMzxnwJBQ1Ky7n6OIFvwDKu94NKXozzrEJZPbxJEcv8Y77+Teh5E00r7kiWgoWfMsgLO\/uBeIx7q\/joRGSnCXRynMnNxYggeJdlB9ToL33z5fVlXl54+bnGopdzSkrjwS1Q10DRoM2BXGLDlQdf1YLDyIyxxThnQXpg3C32p4e6vMQtCOhyQQ91tu402LCUQmHtxEsP3tYKHxBW\/HUj2tsSf74R7W0HvnlEOzjgt+lTf1EInrXGwXqbUuRyaVRUYB1oP11FNNbb1IujAi7aDS1\/GC+k0rQxToeAOiE8oj769W7aWNsz3BhPxd50rMndt3VeaFpY72iPBCebjZxEasPEo2g\/FKW2YM9acut8bsHzI6zK5a1yVf6sshs6d8jYqPfO7vIWshtE00GX4uSc2dBFgY0wh1jnLwxRFxcM\/qhgfAdHgyoYnzvGfN1B4Zv3yfVD0iFSclRI+k32fAz2yUEWGUmRs1kRs11iE1Y1jY1OxFqDAXxQy5LtkaBZ+rAmmnW\/MVsmvNE8dMcAIsWNbiNRxC5DTn9kyDbDwTBozGdsG0HzxC9VPPEtD54EyEpHBzaUf1MXWhgs4\/tiTqq5ylPDaW6iC2dsm3D0JfyR+uSfOfk3imPyATRt8gmSRIdPwxPAtUg+Vf+cGnJISU2KH6DYRoUWKDDpcQB9ytrmxiKty4KxUKDEkdXDF9T9DS9GZQkbZOEtVMXDiGqGBn4XasdvCfXerFR1YGJMhy4oG3vMUwlCZO\/y0mPp2bd3l9cG9EfNm3jE2LfJeCl3xD8bx4bP1UUpa99YTqKy7Icsjx9sRl+3Dbf5s6\/+iax1lwm+cJ\/2dYpbZqlehfCWOMzahrrvmLJxPy+A9dd19cVRIbt10\/Y2jFgSMkrLvP3GkVXWZIIaZffGC7+MhUNYSNnR4DoYzuHXZnySpg4qct2UiW5E5WTmTKmcVnmaN4K6tFqHKipVUni\/vO74pCzxrTYaazb78l8QjxXtIFwTT4wsyl33tIdDi6rHgw\/KxHs\/znfIL0rkP2x3fhWdCr\/1OTaMHeB\/oXIXZZE\/+U39kGRVnnl\/\/FKgMkUH0PEm\/v+Ijvkp8n9TJlHqQ7xrUAHghvffklORl3UkY+Vmmrn7UqXoOYnsOsU9PbJTk\/9eoOz3pKh44nd9HN+JbodicA6sqRWY83IHnJf1zq+PPl7n\/zznNfL3yaG1T\/nHmU9SwY5L\/7jyj2tQz4IU7RD+gL6gbZk\/+Tiiqsu\/anlVr1IJW7D3ftpA3nW30aF3eKT9mWltUjKJGwFdy7p2QBYbJdOI9f5mjU59pBBuCjzkz6ZT+4lh844unZuIG7hpw+c1kcZ2W68M2N\/98CZcoZND+8mVEaLauLZr5nTozZSx8UEprjWTW+rldZNyXGsvJctpROW4GPu6j8nhiNlxiAmpahsgVDxVpzsOCwAfnFT2LSzjU1Q+MItYyIlcyk4QRSPTJHuANkYv1xywQmjgk0aMLE4bhYEl9OTjXhPTThfX7\/iY3uGsjHbZRH6bRdtnz5Z5ij5OyLeT++7vOtpO7qdtugczk8SDdr0eid1o2BLufrXf7yKZuYM9i6PyAZu6yqiCMHE2dunuVyH+z4ZT87nvWV33rjxso3fz1crv\/hferFbTjXC9gybCfzYSfZf9rU2Ib7vEkWDJ6a+4gw1mVNNNujK6m8z3sm6GPv7vzVraP3qU+P7Rv3X9g2\/iWEbyZehgVedF0NtjYXe9953fUMeImN8kWfScRZhew7z1mP5NiEXEoR4Oe3aHguQUHXoxn5wOfpHE9blE\/mOyQ0AHAWImSTFvBbmUjK3gR+wUf\/9xMhidyY9MKCD5Suir5E7R2gSDIypbhwc+DasYZYj6u4xOwXGGPz4dyfftCUkSUrZRGmUxMlSAQSnq6IC1sKGaXlmFWvo\/no6tYifcj9bL+LihKi9KVNdfDHUP9Q0dQmU+7R8iuRdV\/2v7t6R+RSrEVWr7BF8A9Rn5p5GE+hkddEup9x2b5jm4olkowsWUpygV0ZYFx\/HYAWg7hv+NSgCyG4JOXmtQBS8LTq26qFuOTWhpSboxgMvnVDbXsrlxAOQcQG4+vW9IJ49lkj0oAqs5TBzAnUGHse8N\/AgiYm9ncO6AZ+m\/u1XXI3QxX1CQTmxOIUVWMzgbSegMRIdEZYVUyESKtneNWnONXFON7H+kv5CYewYMjQElY0DOGNA0ZMgZ5bn7VA\/P7Vo0je5SI72ATpvjl+KIuvjFniCq+xZ\/Sf4Ad3WanBII7YjK6s5by70XL9YR6nJENfsUZWdxyW9LFD0ET3m529icQS\/W5lYvr4+9at5e6pXttWscU+m0CwuizTnw+SGJH1BJLq9yW0J4Ey5lICkvMiDkbN\/yfW+FFjejkjZ17cHd\/SdzFcf\/VDj2N5z964T8+7v239+0\/95OVIVCsK6u0DD8zW\/\/MQ\/nfyAlzf\/wjzD87W+5an4\/0Y3jMHrMmJnrneB\/7Wrrxt+10GHEdF2QrG\/NLAwN7Uaf\/PvDRHU5TI84PuludrNabbpvIAQCliqg6+DviJ+7\/37dXVLa74mj6U4a40kaH5VTiavrR\/jtXvNEu1Ii08vSJ8hPZ2PN53LasNgOd5N\/\/+2fvb+m6Nn7W5RV3m\/KaAsGZfbriT\/5S17n3CN\/Q4ccef\/z33sT+uTfEPop8v5a5hPKBr0ZauwcTq9aKbh\/Xq3GYZHdStbYciVdZCv5Ilv10YVfsvqIqqTqozBwBBL3GwWgRn56BLCErA6y8wmVSQx36Qx07+x8qsi51eqh4JYCua04ILpFi1XGX\/1f2SKzeKZfvsZitM\/0C9lYDPWMeDBteKAvlfrfdyyp3mHfTO+XASfNY1T6cFfGhyD+GT6cswT\/m51Pfg+nCL\/ed3+eT\/f+j3EaVdX7jxP804T+4pwlzN\/Z+TS5l\/b027fK04m9YUJ\/GT7t8MkF\/7CQfxk+7fCxBxsn8f+cZzkv6nvxfk7w4\/iG60\/+9gd4OPhPdDinUTnxf5dnVZ5Gld8\/IwaAn7MEGhtsk11y5yXwfG0UJaIPiBjR2yPh3riZxhdwtmwBGzvYW+nZs8tfheGUtdb0Tw5Hnw9H39Q0JlufHHxwn9kNWJ0pOqBsZxyQkW+fberWD0X7JoyEqYv627KpiyPfPtvU3SjnEPQZf3Zza+zczTGqgsFO12kXfm8ypm147Y+wpSU\/U7\/iLz5O+m\/s9Ic31JzzNxmdxsJgStr309F0bfjpKF4b\/oKez5X3V0D\/+dvvBOkqfjXxJ39NssMfouxAfv1jUkaHJGu17X\/77cSf\/DkBXJ58X3t\/j\/6IEkYd\/91\/\/Im897f8XMbI+2OUDVXpLxtvv6nkwHrT7RwuNh9kFxvHy\/PL3WsI4izYuzD5cxLXrevgXOeMGVuzHYxbmnrm0qsFFPWLcqdV7ljxY6PcwQJ+bcWuncgrqVVrW7VqurHzgtJtvIKys9YpO201FyocH4wVvNkj9bPRjPc5Mlni\/uOvEnnPSHj67z9FD2fv3\/L6mMRgmPrLxJ\/8vfti4v8ZJeWXnJf9UIOLme4btkhmw\/s2zRlzDn4L+571ObgBq1\/3JAbiLo4lAN67+JC6NW08OalnLj05P\/9iVTKdnKyUsTk5Ycm\/9sn5OfomBgnZyanaDKa2v7T54HP0wifq5+htn6gPuelEfchNJ+qf\/lNyYPymKFLk\/e333dnwFwSb4s9Rejhn\/fHAnQtQkMvB+fIVy87HF631Z3wM0lv8AaEiiNLU\/bB7yM2HHfXMpYcdFPXLYac97FgBYHPYwcJ+7cOunci3cNiZ2vjSh1pbzcsdam0Fb\/ZQOyamQ+2YmA6136PHKIsOUZlooxmYx\/6UH5Msz0v2278kcB2IcKSDy+n2ii2QHXOvUz113q3edGCHZq0ZzyvqmUvPKyjql\/NKe16xe9vmvKJX62ufW+2EviGvcduilz6l2mouPaVkHSEVbDPTKbDNJP63XrL9FmWHKJVJv17M\/TbKDmnkJONfqPzW03X1wsfJ56VcPi+\/gXzeZmb5TD1zqXyGon6Rz1r5zO46uXyWLOTXFsztTF5JMC+vIJjbFl1BMC91grmt5iUEM8l4gCRlfn3hBdUtNfir7Yiw5etoCzOO97x+\/5NMjh1ZymldDuXDArifNtbroUsBK7sMjfiIHvGHXUIVe0qAzOXev0nPMeR24ucJUgH3HeAt9F9BYWWecQ923zKPnvJHJC3wXJCvpz2rQ1PFEUjPYCaFa+ryWXEeawuF0ie3JvsyOpEpSvNDTk1MPnTyFBVpsi3RIQ1OUYEf3icHeJ2MUFTW+NMpKsRW6ZICAXQSaIgCSHst0R6X0n2OfjyWaP9\/Pk5+tc9KtIfrYV+2nB9XPw54Xs9SxCZIoRwL+4lLDWIKoFJSA4ZwVLLJtVlpA2MMAYUa4C1tUaI6EC91O5+OUU01dRRmFJQjAZHsEW7D7\/rcuhYjkoK\/VbLeR+cgenbH\/tuYAAyh4DRzggG8WVqVGonwfj2OPlvi3Kq8bCfBRes4YOTtp0CRLdHoSEXatnON0NC+kOLqxgQazYCXAb6XK0AbnsTtCCRPvFaTQ9bw8GljQAqhMIxFS+1ZzZNPHWci3r3zpQoQLIjOLVrAOXjMkxjwf+MEZTGa3HcpeSyIsYp3zKIskFWfjgu3KcN4c2Ji4lzO3p5B1rpMzs5YKgqLYYSseAk\/KKZlsBba\/9IyU6HSg3LfUfX+ADBtqpzirnJTJbeQnNjRbq8xHylQhInk11\/VvQR+Ul\/5Kwb1thuuOtpWHXWkmT1leMdAVOoOP9zDv3evKAHx2iY0UVGgqASzesdCRIEyM7REId+eAeuIyiHnWwD8uEPyOdCC9PSKLYUJpsK+mcsJnA2g9BbMKX1XW4AfZ16DvgBC4luhFMU1xeKr55dgxkzg8dWL+bbdDOKSer1ivmW7RzGFje3D1ePB9tH4UQUPNRfXLn5yageT1LcF89sy6tsFWOQM6DeG9BiHSN6OkrVuJgB2jyKAIPWCnOS0iv1DUJ5TW8RmKETQAdsi5g5l1CzY7v6h0\/MENcR471RXUuZPKV9Nkj3MOz54DPQqESSartfXLS\/NKHRvToGMRRW1\/RuW5+ccTmi8+OivYzgO8Le6Son+AXhlvVwSMYJX3lLQWNcaJSDilOPYBjQZt+ehMfR8oXl5K5vi6YZlvXKblRLtxRVOJtqMRr7UtbZEe\/0Kmrm29SRspCIqUMnfRrphscRohpKfG6sidJ2Na25FqB9+jNTzSMkDdQFxqt5Kqum7WejKI7ukyNOPk0y6Q9a6qW5RlyRzrX6nyHWLeQ2LeSksEIPIj3sZo94gNytnwZXnhRcnZQy3Hrv154IR3ldBCCj0QzJzHRK0OyDVEaZ+K8t3Ql+BIEooiBkAi30CBZO1ln6czCb3fCVHU6v6l+eXvLyQvLywfXkpeXlp+\/JK8vJK93J6XRlaoig+igviKaq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auto;padding:0 16px;font-family:ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,\"Segoe UI\",sans-serif;line-height:1.55;overflow-wrap:break-word}#nxe-n1te4e44.nxe :where(*,*::before,*::after){box-sizing:inherit}#nxe-n1te4e44.nxe :where(section,header,footer,nav,aside){display:block;margin:0 0 32px}#nxe-n1te4e44.nxe :where(h1,h2,h3,h4){line-height:1.2;margin:24px 0 12px;font-weight:600}#nxe-n1te4e44.nxe :where(p,ul,ol,dl,table,figure,details){margin:0 0 16px}#nxe-n1te4e44.nxe :where(ul,ol){padding-left:20px}#nxe-n1te4e44.nxe a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}#nxe-n1te4e44.nxe table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;display:block;overflow-x:auto}#nxe-n1te4e44.nxe :where(th,td){padding:6px 8px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:inherit}#nxe-n1te4e44.nxe svg{display:none}#nxe-n1te4e44.nxe svg.nx-i{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:-3px}#nxe-n1te4e44.nxe :where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n1te4e44.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"gcri\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> \u00b7 Food Nexus<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Agricultural production<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Agricultural production is where weather, soil, water, inputs, labour and markets become harvests of crops, livestock products and fish. Output responds to every one of those drivers, and in many countries it is concentrated in a few crops, regions and seasons. This page sets out how production <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> respond to stress, how output and its drivers are measured, and what the evidence can tell ministries, producers and insurers before and after a season.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/\">Back to Topics<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"food\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Register<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Agricultural production on the record.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"dossier\"><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Dossier<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Food Nexus \u00b7 topic<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-question\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">The question<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">4 mechanisms<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-field\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Field<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">hexagonal field plate<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-indicators\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Indicators<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">8<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-sources\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">7<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-decisions\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Decision holders<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">4<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-methods\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">5<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-question\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"supply\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The question<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Agricultural production: how the risk develops.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Crop, livestock and aquaculture production <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"2\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 12h-2.48a2 2 0 0 0-1.93 1.46l-2.35 8.36a.25.25 0 0 1-.48 0L9.24 2.18a.25.25 0 0 0-.48 0l-2.35 8.36A2 2 0 0 1 4.49 12H2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">The binding constraint sets yield<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Light, temperature and genetics set potential yield; water and nutrients limit it; pests, weeds and disease reduce it. The gap between attainable and actual yield shows which constraint binds in each place.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 22h14\"\/><path d=\"M5 2h14\"\/><path d=\"M17 22v-4.172a2 2 0 0 0-.586-1.414L12 12l-4.414 4.414A2 2 0 0 0 7 17.828V22\"\/><path d=\"M7 2v4.172a2 2 0 0 0 .586 1.414L12 12l4.414-4.414A2 2 0 0 0 17 6.172V2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Timing matters as much as totals<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Heat at flowering, a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.meteorological-drought\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"A prolonged shortfall of rain against the local normal, the starting point of every other kind of drought.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\">dry spell<\/a> at grain fill or rain at harvest does damage out of proportion to seasonal totals. A season with normal rainfall can still fail if the rain arrives at the wrong stage.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M4 14a1 1 0 0 1-.78-1.63l9.9-10.2a.5.5 0 0 1 .86.46l-1.92 6.02A1 1 0 0 0 13 10h7a1 1 0 0 1 .78 1.63l-9.9 10.2a.5.5 0 0 1-.86-.46l1.92-6.02A1 1 0 0 0 11 14z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Inputs tie farms to energy and trade<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Nitrogen fertiliser is made from natural gas, pumps and machinery run on diesel or electricity, and feed for livestock and aquaculture is traded globally. A price shock in energy or feed reaches planting and stocking decisions within a season.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"4.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m10.2 6.3-3.9 3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"4.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"M7 12h10\"\/><circle cx=\"19.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m13.8 17.7 3.9-3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"19.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Concentration amplifies loss<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">When a few breadbaskets, varieties or export regions supply most of a commodity, a correlated shock in them moves global availability. <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h120\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 sys.fragility.synchronised-global-shock\" data-tk=\"Systemic and compound events \u00b7 Structural fragility of interconnected systems\" data-td=\"Shocks that strike many countries or systems at the same time through shared climate drivers, markets or technologies, overwhelming mutual aid and substitution.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H120\" data-tr=\"draft\">Synchronous failure<\/a> across major producers is the scenario that matters most and the hardest to estimate.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Growing conditions in the Black Sea region.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Crop greenness, root-zone soil moisture and plant growth over the Black Sea region, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"black-sea:food\" data-ml-feeds=\"eonet|https:\/\/eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/v3\/events\" data-ml-src=\"food\" data-ml-plan=\"p-a01e8e64\" data-ml-relief=\"1.3\" data-ml-view=\"3d\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:food\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.food.ndvi gibs.water.rzsm gibs.food.gpp gibs.water.true gibs.food.cover gibs.health.lstd ev.eonet r.dist r.hls r.smap f.power r.dswxs1 r.labels f.ens\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect measure compare aoi export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-food\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-food\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"22,39,44,50\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"Growing conditions, the Black Sea region: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"ndvi||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Crop vigour<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"rzsm||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Drought signal<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"gpp||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Plant growth<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"true||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">True colour<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">3<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">Growing conditions, for this page<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"ndvi\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Greenness (NDVI)\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite index; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Vegetation greenness (NDVI), rolling 8 days<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE MODIS Terra NDVI \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ndvi\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"NDVI\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"ndvi\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.ndvi\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra NDVI (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite index; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-13<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite greenness index over the 8 days to the date shown; an indicator of crop and pasture condition, not a yield estimate or a food security warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"rzsm\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-short=\"Soil moisture, root zone\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA NSIDC DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Model with satellite data assimilated\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Root-zone soil moisture, 0 to 100 cm<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA NSIDC DAAC SMAP Level 4 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"rzsm\">11 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Modelled<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"rzsm\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.rzsm\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>SMAP Level 4 (NASA NSIDC DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA NSIDC DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Model with satellite data assimilated<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-11<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Model with satellite data assimilated. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"gpp\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Plant growth (GPP)\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite-driven model; latest 8-day period GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Gross primary production, 8-day total<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Aqua GPP (MYD17) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"gpp\">30 Sep 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"kgC\/m\u00b2\">Modelled (latest 8-day period GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"gpp\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.gpp\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest 8-day period GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Aqua GPP (MYD17) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>8-day; Satellite-driven model; latest 8-day period GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-09-30<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Model estimate of carbon taken up by plants over the 8-day period shown; an indicator of growth, not harvest or production.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"4\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.6\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite image\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">True colour<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"true\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.true\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite image<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"cover\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"24\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.7\" data-wm-short=\"Land cover\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land cover type (IGBP), yearly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"class\">Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"cover\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.cover\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2024-01-01<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"lstd\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"25\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Land temperature, day\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite 8-day composite; persistent cloud still leaves gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"lstd\">14 Sep 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"\u00b0C\">Observed (persistent cloud still leaves gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"lstd\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.lstd\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (persistent cloud still leaves gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>8-day; Satellite 8-day composite; persistent cloud still leaves gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-09-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite skin temperature of the ground over the 8 days ending on the date shown, a heat exposure indicator; not air temperature, heat index or a heat warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" 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data-wm-tool=\"compare\">Compare two dates<kbd>C<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"share\">Copy a link to this view<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"png\">Export as PNG with credits<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"xt\" data-wm-xt=\"NxAjSJ6JoGGZsXu22d+kvA4nR9AJ6Njy+\/Xy2FIyELw=\">More expert tools<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\">Keyboard shortcuts<kbd>?<\/kbd><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-keys\" role=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Keyboard shortcuts\" hidden><p class=\"nx-wm-keys-title\">Keyboard, with the map focused<\/p><dl class=\"nx-wm-keys-list\"><\/dl><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-keys-close\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\" aria-label=\"Close the shortcuts\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-hint\" hidden>Hold Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll to zoom<\/p><p class=\"nx-wm-toolbar\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-tip\" role=\"tooltip\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin\" hidden><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-pin-title\"><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"unpin\" aria-label=\"Close the card\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-chart\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-body\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-dock\"><div class=\"nx-wm-time\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Imagery date\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"prev\" aria-label=\"One day earlier\">\u2039<\/button><p class=\"nx-wm-time-label\">Latest available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Growing conditions, framed on the Black Sea region.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET \u00b7 NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.water-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.modis-viirs.land\">MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.smap.l4\">SMAP Level 4 soil moisture and snow mass, NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office; distributed by the NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center DAAC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li><\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>River discharge forecast, 30 days with range (GloFAS via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Emergency Management Service information 2026; not a flood warning.<\/li><li>Past year, daily temperature (ERA5 via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information 2026.<\/li><li>Past year, daily temperature and sunshine (NASA POWER): These data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) POWER Project funded through the NASA Earth Science\/Applied Science Program..<\/li><li>Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https:\/\/open-meteo.com\/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/).<\/li><li>Optional layers (13 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Vegetation greenness (NDVI), rolling 8 days: MODIS Terra NDVI, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ndvi\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Root-zone soil moisture, 0 to 100 cm: SMAP Level 4, NASA NSIDC DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"rzsm\">11 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Gross primary production, 8-day total: MODIS Aqua GPP (MYD17), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"gpp\">30 Sep 2026<\/span><\/li><li>True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/li><li>Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite: VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"lstd\">14 Sep 2026<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G02\/topics\/agricultural-production\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Food Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"food\" aria-label=\"Couplings, Monitor, Reports, standards and contributions, Simulator\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Couplings, Monitor, Reports, standards and contributions, Simulator\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-couplings\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Couplings<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-5-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Monitor<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-standards\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-instrument\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Simulator<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-couplings\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Couplings<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What production depends on in the other four domains.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th>Domain<\/th><th>How it couples here<\/th><th>What to watch<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Water<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Rain-fed yields follow soil moisture; irrigated yields follow allocation and aquifer levels. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/topics\/groundwater-and-aquifers\/\">groundwater and aquifers<\/a>.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Soil moisture in critical crop stages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Energy<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Fertiliser, diesel and pumping link planting decisions to energy prices. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/topics\/industrial-energy-systems\/\">industrial energy systems<\/a>.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Fertiliser affordability against crop prices<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Health<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Farm labour productivity falls in heat; zoonotic disease in livestock threatens herds and people.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Heat stress days in the growing season; animal disease notifications<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Biodiversity<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Pollinators, soil biota and pest predators support yields; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.biodiversity-loss\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Decline in the variety and abundance of species and habitats that weakens services such as pollination, fisheries and soil formation.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\">habitat loss<\/a> erodes them. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/topics\/species-and-genetic-diversity\/\">species and genetic diversity<\/a>.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Pollinator-dependent crop area<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-p\">The Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project found that crop models disagree most where they matter most, under heat and in their response to carbon dioxide (Rosenzweig and others, 2014). J\u00e4germeyr and colleagues reported in 2021 that the newer generation of models projects climate impacts on maize emerging earlier than previously estimated.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-5-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"supply\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Monitor<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Crop and harvest monitor.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The screen a team would use to follow this subject: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-food-harvest\" data-cx=\"food.harvest\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Crop and harvest monitor: illustrative console with example names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Crop and harvest monitor<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">Agricultural production \u00b7 Main season \u00b7 Crop stage: grain fill<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure&#8217;s values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"info\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Assessment in field<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GCRI \u00b7 Food Nexus<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"steps\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Crop calendar<\/h4><\/div><\/div><ol class=\"nx-cx-steps\" data-n=\"7\"><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Land preparation<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">done<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Planting<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">done<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Emergence<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">done<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Vegetative<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">done<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"now\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Grain fill<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">now<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"todo\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Harvest<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">next<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"todo\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Post-harvest<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"chart\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Vegetation index, season to date<\/h4><\/div><\/div><svg class=\"nx-fk-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 460 210\" width=\"460\" height=\"210\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Vegetation index, season to date\" focusable=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" data-fk-chart=\"cx-food-harvest-c1\" data-fk-xs=\"lin,0,23,36,446\" data-fk-ys=\"lin,0,100,180,20\" data-fk-series=\"This season|acc|l||0:39.63968817004934;1:37.948104589339344;2:34.72358573246747;3:34.87863259185106;4:34.79214863749221;5:32.81630360381678;6:30.79111065585166;7:31.595149359852073;8:30.31118892999366;9:26.758280474599452;10:26.841076884884387;11:26.265751646924762;12:23.547318991459903;13:25.00853825015947;14:26.756387930735944;15:25.710569789167494;16:21.67895951271057;17:22.505687724053857;18:17.969590095616876;19:16.58415666259825;20:18.11941709695384;21:19.069801007024942;22:13.212354279309508;23:16.076823203638195~Past seasons, upper|s3|l||0:45.63968817004934;1:46.14810458933935;2:45.12358573246747;3:47.47863259185106;4:49.592148637492215;5:49.81630360381678;6:49.991110655851664;7:52.99514935985208;8:53.911188929993656;9:52.55828047459946;10:54.84107688488439;11:56.465751646924765;12:55.94731899145991;13:59.60853825015947;14:63.55638793073595;15:64.7105697891675;16:62.87895951271057;17:65.90568772405386;18:63.569590095616874;19:64.38415666259826;20:68.11941709695384;21:71.26980100702494;22:67.61235427930951;23:72.6768232036382~Past seasons, lower|s3|l||0:33.63968817004934;1:29.948104589339344;2:24.72358573246747;3:22.87863259185106;4:20.79214863749221;5:16.816303603816777;6:12.79111065585166;7:11.595149359852073;8:8.311188929993659;9:2.7582804745994522;10:1;11:1;12:1;13:1;14:1;15:1;16:1;17:1;18:1;19:1;20:1;21:1;22:1;23:1\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Yield outlook by zone<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-food-harvest-t2\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-food-harvest-t2\" aria-label=\"Yield outlook by zone\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Zone<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Expected yield (t\/ha)<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">vs average<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">Confidence<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-food-harvest:r2-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Highland zone<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"2.5\">2.5<\/td><td data-sv=\"-8.110538311302662\">\u25bc 8<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-food-harvest:r2-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Coastal plain<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"3\">3.0<\/td><td data-sv=\"-5.741741311270744\">\u25bc 6<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-food-harvest:r2-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Region North<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.8\">0.8<\/td><td data-sv=\"-13.055351835442707\">\u25bc 13<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Low<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-food-harvest:r2-3\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Region South<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"1.4\">1.4<\/td><td data-sv=\"-1.4092495737131685\">\u25bc 1<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"map\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Field assessment plots<\/h4><p class=\"nx-fk-panel-sub\">red: crop stress observed<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-map\"><svg class=\"nx-cx-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 480 250\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Field assessment plots: schematic on example geography. Illustrative.\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"cx-sea\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\" rx=\"4\"\/><path class=\"cx-land\" d=\"M439.6 125l-20.3 31.7 4.9 43.4-73.4 18.2-68.2 24.2-78-19.8-57.9-19.2-86.3-5.2-3.8-40.9-52.2-32.4 45.1-33.7 21.7-35.2 52-29.4 74.3-18.9 75.1 27.4 60.4 11.5 91.6 3 35.9 36.3z\"\/><path class=\"cx-haz2\" d=\"M316 112.5l9.2 31.4-32.1 25.8-49.5 4.5-42.9-12.2-33.4-20.1-20.1-29.4 12.2-32.4 43.4-14.7 40.8-11.1 50.3.1 15.6 32.7z\"\/><circle class=\"cx-site-hot\" cx=\"86.6\" cy=\"128.3\" r=\"6.5\"\/><circle class=\"cx-site-hot\" cx=\"181.7\" cy=\"64.5\" r=\"3.6\"\/><circle class=\"cx-site-hot\" cx=\"264.8\" cy=\"74.1\" r=\"5.4\"\/><circle class=\"cx-site-hot\" cx=\"150.3\" cy=\"101.8\" r=\"4.8\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"152.2\" cy=\"179.6\" r=\"6.5\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"217.7\" cy=\"178.2\" r=\"7.7\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"143.5\" cy=\"174.6\" r=\"3.3\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"113.5\" cy=\"190.8\" r=\"5.2\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"254.1\" cy=\"45.6\" r=\"8.0\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"234.6\" cy=\"58.6\" r=\"4.7\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"367.8\" cy=\"45.3\" r=\"3.8\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"114.4\" cy=\"179.5\" r=\"7.8\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"79.7\" cy=\"41.4\" r=\"5.7\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"282.4\" cy=\"48.1\" r=\"7.1\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"129.9\" cy=\"192.0\" r=\"7.1\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"392.3\" cy=\"173.6\" r=\"6.1\"\/><text class=\"cx-lbl-s\" x=\"464\" y=\"236\" text-anchor=\"end\">Plot markers \u00b7 example positions<\/text><g class=\"cx-north\"><path d=\"M458 30 L463 18 L468 30 Z\"\/><text class=\"cx-lbl-s\" x=\"463\" y=\"42\" text-anchor=\"middle\">N<\/text><\/g><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Crop and harvest monitor: the screen&#8217;s structure, terms and states for Agricultural production.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-standards\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Production evidence in reports, and the data farmers and agencies can offer.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Seasonal production analyses are designed for the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/series\/country-quarterly\/\">Country Quarterly series<\/a>, and crop model intercomparison for the Methods and Technical series. Each yield series would carry an NS-3 record identifier under the proposed <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ecosystem\/standards\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a>, so that a published yield-at-risk can be traced to survey or model. Production statistics remain the responsibility of national statistics offices.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Crop-cut and field trial data with locations and dates.<\/li><li>Planting date and variety records from cooperatives.<\/li><li>Ground observations that confirm or contradict satellite crop condition.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-instrument\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" data-ns-layout=\"es-wide\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">A shock through an input-output economy.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">A loss of output in one sector propagates through the technical coefficients to its suppliers and customers, and recovers at the rate you set; the coefficients are teaching values, not national accounts. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows The Black Sea region; the model itself is not tied to a place.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-in nx-fk\" id=\"nx-in-ood-nexus-topics-agricultural-production-0\" data-nxi=\"io\" data-nxi-id=\"io\" data-nxi-z=\"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\" aria-label=\"A shock through an input-output economy\"><div class=\"nx-in-body\"><div class=\"nx-in-main\"><div class=\"nx-in-tabs\" data-nxi-tabs=\"true\" aria-label=\"Views of the model\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"result\">Result<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"bars\">By sector<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"net\">Network<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"fan\">Uncertainty<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"tornado\">Sensitivity<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"loops\">Loops<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-stage\" id=\"nx-in-ood-nexus-topics-agricultural-production-0-stage\" data-nxi-stage=\"true\" data-view=\"result\"><svg class=\"nx-in-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 720 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Output lost\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-in-tip\" data-nxi-tip=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><div class=\"nx-in-bar\" data-nxi-bar=\"true\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Play over time\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-prev=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step back\">&#8249;<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-play=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Play<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-next=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step forward\">&#8250;<\/button><span class=\"nx-in-step\" data-nxi-step=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-side\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><div class=\"nx-in-ctl\" data-nxi-ctl=\"true\"><dl class=\"nx-in-pv\"><div><dt>Sector hit first (position in the list)<\/dt><dd>0<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Size of the shock<\/dt><dd>30% of its output<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Duration of the shock<\/dt><dd>30 days<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Recovery rate<\/dt><dd>0.08 per day<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Days simulated<\/dt><dd>180 days<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Readouts<\/p><dl class=\"nx-in-out\" data-nxi-out=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><div><dt>Output lost over the run<\/dt><dd>0.64% of a year&#8217;s output<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Total over direct (multiplier)<\/dt><dd>1.65 times<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Most affected other sector<\/dt><dd>Energy<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Its peak inoperability<\/dt><dd>4.1%<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><details class=\"nx-in-more\"><summary>Numbers, methods and sources<\/summary><div class=\"nx-in-more-in\"><div class=\"nx-in-tblw\" data-nxi-table=\"true\"><table class=\"nx-in-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Sector<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Peak inoperability (%)<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Output weight (%)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Farming<\/th><td>30.98<\/td><td>15.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Fertiliser and inputs<\/th><td>0.20<\/td><td>19.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Food processing<\/th><td>0.46<\/td><td>21.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Transport<\/th><td>0.12<\/td><td>8.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Wholesale and retail<\/th><td>2.89<\/td><td>22.9<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Energy<\/th><td>4.12<\/td><td>13.1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-csv=\"true\" hidden>Download the numbers (CSV)<\/button><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Methods<\/h4><ol class=\"nx-in-meth\"><li>Input-output analysis <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Leontief (1936); Miller and Blair (2009), Input-Output Analysis, Cambridge University Press<\/span><\/li><li>Inoperability input-output model <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Haimes and Jiang (2001), Journal of Infrastructure Systems 7<\/span><\/li><li>Dynamic inoperability and recovery <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Lian and Haimes (2006), Systems Engineering 9<\/span><\/li><li>Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333<\/span><\/li><li>One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley<\/span><\/li><\/ol><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Data<\/h4><p class=\"nx-p\">The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page&#8217;s map can draw:<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-src\"><li>Seaports <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Maritime chokepoints <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Nexus (named straits and canals at their published coordinates)<\/span><\/li><li>Railways <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Major roads <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\">A shock through an input-output economy. Illustrative teaching model: it runs on the values set by the controls, not on measured data. Methods: Input-output analysis (Leontief (1936); Miller and Blair (2009), Input-Output Analysis, Cambridge University Press); Inoperability input-output model (Haimes and Jiang (2001), Journal of Infrastructure Systems 7); Dynamic inoperability and recovery (Lian and Haimes (2006), Systems Engineering 9).<\/figcaption><div class=\"nx-in-pls\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-pl\" aria-label=\"Where this instrument connects across the pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Experiments<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Built in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/foundry\/\">Food Nexus in Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Tested at<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/universe\/\">Food Nexus in Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Codified in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/\">Water and Food Systems in Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Published in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/reports\/\">Food Nexus in Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Taught in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/\">Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences in Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><span class=\"nx-in-keep\" hidden><i data-c=\"c1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c4\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c6\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"h3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"neg\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"0\"><\/i><i data-l=\"1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"2\"><\/i><i data-l=\"3\"><\/i><i data-l=\"4\"><\/i><i data-l=\"5\"><\/i><i data-on=\"0\"><\/i><i data-on=\"1\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"p\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"n\"><\/i><i data-k=\"R\"><\/i><i data-k=\"B\"><\/i><i data-k=\"dash\"><\/i><i data-dash=\"true\"><\/i><i data-view=\"result\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"on\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"off\"><\/i><i class=\"nx-in-svg nx-in-grid nx-in-ax nx-in-tk nx-in-at nx-in-ln nx-in-band nx-in-lbl nx-in-lk nx-in-ref nx-in-reft nx-in-mk nx-in-x nx-in-rect nx-in-val nx-in-rowl nx-in-cl nx-in-arrow nx-in-pol nx-in-cln nx-in-loop nx-in-edge nx-in-node nx-in-nl nx-in-reach nx-in-trib nx-in-agent nx-in-flow nx-in-legend nx-in-sw nx-in-note nx-in-loops nx-in-3d nx-in-cv nx-in-field nx-in-fl nx-in-fv nx-in-range nx-in-btn nx-in-err nx-in-tbl nx-in-cite\"><\/i><\/span><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"supply\" aria-label=\"Indicators, Twin and cascade simulator, Sources\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Indicators, Twin and cascade simulator, Sources\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-indicators\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Indicators<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-twin\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-sources\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Sources<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-indicators\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"supply\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What is measured, and how well.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each indicator carries its unit, its cadence, the kind of source behind it and the evidence label a value would carry. No values are shown: a programme supplies them under its own authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Crop yield<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">tonnes per hectare<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">seasonal<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Agricultural surveys, crop cutting<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Harvested area<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">hectares<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">seasonal<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Agricultural statistics, satellite mapping<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Vegetation condition anomaly<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">deviation of NDVI or fAPAR from the long-term mean<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">dekadal<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Satellite optical sensors<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Yield gap<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of attainable yield<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">multi-year<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Crop models against reported yields<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Livestock population<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">head; tropical livestock units<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Livestock census and surveys<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Capture fisheries and aquaculture production<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">tonnes live weight<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Fisheries statistics<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Fertiliser use on cropland<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">kilograms of nutrient per hectare<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Input statistics<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Crop condition class<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">categorical scale from poor to exceptional<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Crop monitor consensus assessment<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"indicators\" data-nxf-kind=\"indicator\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G02\/topics\/agricultural-production\/#indicators\" data-nxf-title=\"Indicators\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-span=\"wide\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Model agricultural production as a system. Run the cascade.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Assembled from the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> area profile <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/food-security-and-nutrition-risk\/\">Food security and nutrition risk<\/a>: the hazards it names, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/system-builder\/\">System Builder<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-es-topics-agricultural-production-G02\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h57\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 soc.humanitarian.famine\" data-tk=\"Society, conflict and economy \u00b7 Humanitarian crises\" data-td=\"Extreme food deprivation with widespread starvation, acute malnutrition and rising deaths in a population.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H57\" data-tr=\"draft\">Famine<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h57\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 soc.humanitarian.mass-displacement\" data-tk=\"Society, conflict and economy \u00b7 Humanitarian crises\" data-td=\"Large numbers of people forced to leave their homes by conflict, disaster or collapse, straining host areas and services.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H57\" data-tr=\"draft\">Mass displacement<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h61\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 sys.cascade.health-system-overload\" data-tk=\"Systemic and compound events \u00b7 Cascading failure\" data-td=\"Demand for care exceeding capacity, from a surge of cases or injuries or from loss of staff and supplies, so that avoidable deaths rise.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H61\" data-tr=\"draft\">Health-system overload<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Chronic malnutrition (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Acute malnutrition surge (set off downstream)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/food-security-and-nutrition-risk\/\">Food security and nutrition risk<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/food-risk-standards\/\">Food and agriculture risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Mechanism<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/conflict-and-security-risk-standards\/\">Conflict and security risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/early-warning\/early-warning-and-anticipatory-action\/\">Early warning and anticipatory action<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Mechanism<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/health-risk-standards\/\">Health risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-0<\/code> Constitution and principles<\/li><li><code>NS-3<\/code> Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)<\/li><li><code>NS-9<\/code> Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)<\/li><li><code>NS-10<\/code> Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)<\/li><li><code>NS-11<\/code> Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H57<\/code> Hazard family: Humanitarian crises (NHS-1 soc.humanitarian)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H61<\/code> Hazard family: Cascading failure (NHS-1 sys.cascade)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H81<\/code> Hazard family: Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency (NHS-1 health.nutrition)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H59<\/code> Hazard family: Economic shocks and governance failure (NHS-1 soc.economic)<\/li><li><code>NRS-N3<\/code> Food and agriculture risk and resilience<\/li><li><code>NRS-N7<\/code> Water-energy-food-health-biodiversity-infrastructure nexus coupling<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>IPC acute food insecurity analyses (listed for reference)<\/li><li>FEWS NET outlooks and data (listed for reference)<\/li><li>FAO GIEWS Food Price Monitoring and Analysis tool (listed for reference)<\/li><li>CHIRPS quasi-global gridded precipitation (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Prevalence of undernourishment<\/li><li>Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity<\/li><li>Prevalence of stunting among children under 5 years of age<\/li><li>Prevalence of malnutrition among children under 5 years of age<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Example geography<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>The Ganges and Brahmaputra Basin: 178 hexagonal cells<\/li><li>Surface soil moisture (SMAP), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface water through cloud, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-S1 radar), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where the evidence comes from.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Named public datasets and institutional records, each with its licence class. Sources by agreement are used only under their terms and never republished.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it gives<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">FAOSTAT production, inputs and land-use domains<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Crop, livestock, fertiliser and land-use statistics by country<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">GEOGLAM Crop Monitor<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Monthly consensus crop condition for major producers and for countries at risk<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">FAO FishStat<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Capture fisheries and aquaculture production by species and country<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">MapSPAM (IFPRI)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Gridded crop area, yield and production by crop and farming system<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Copernicus Global Land Service<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Vegetation indices, dry matter productivity and phenology<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">USDA Foreign Agricultural Service PSD database<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Production, supply and distribution balances by commodity and country<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public domain<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">National agricultural censuses and surveys<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Area, yield, holdings and practices under the FAO World Programme for the Census of Agriculture<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public records, terms per statistics office<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G02\/topics\/agricultural-production\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Sources\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-signature\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"supply\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sector signature<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The sector signature of agricultural production.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The sectors agricultural production touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig\" data-nx-sig=\"WFHB\" data-sig-name=\"Food and its partners\" data-sig-line=\"Food gives nutrition to health (0.7), land conversion to biodiversity (0.6) and withdrawals and runoff to water (0.3).\" data-sig-inst=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-plate\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Signatures in context\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span>Select corners \u00b7 hover lines<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">6 \/ 15 relations<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sector signature hexagon: Water, Food, Health and Biodiversity selected, 6 of 15 relations in play, coupling 0.46. Teaching values.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"rZfLjqtGEIZfpdTS2bnafYE2SMaLSLktss6aGMZGw2UEfRI7L5Z9niyqAuyZsfGFjGZhoLv\/qv\/r6oJZZ\/lLt1m3aVak5c\/0k9ceiiwR9QHrrtjhTsD2kIhQfROwPQ4XbSJc+E1s1p1v3qB5eelynwglYFumXfdusRLLT5P05SRNk5Yfc9isl31qu8\/T26LedQLStkhxX2RZXifCt99zsVm\/NeVx19QXK3YwXmZptxfw1hS17xKhFugiCCMZL9AG\/YUNQC1cBDje4ThOWc6IoG0AWrsFuhX\/uhWoBT3E4Q6H0Zv6HySNUqBXVpoF6tMlXakFDeH5AZ6nkfy2aLdlfjd72nDVb7fizTah4exSv\/+82BfbVwFZIn4zoQFVagWqQq1lAMZJCwHIsMJIajChdGBlLKMKtZIrMIFcgZURaGkq1FZaMFYGYOUKtHQV6pBmaRlDJFcQVmgs6JXUYKUBI4MKdUzLWV3GYOSqQqOlA+3ohh7SImlAW74lcVOhCWQIWksNIUlXaCIZAiWgOUd64qSBsE+OkuQnK7AgIzLBt7E0MoSAryM00oECrfjWMgIchkPpCAGe1gZyxQzwrG5lwAzwnIKWMTPAIUvyjsbiyQc5ZwZ4cqsdE8ATD3LODPBMTZNOIEMcuFJYQoAn9CFpOl407I9lADhsoDQMAHl7DcUjBLz5bJwRkP+KUmQAVsYoo4ptMwBLK6Sp2DX7t0zEVWya7UfkvjK2904uyAFbZvNGxuS9Ys\/knRbKuGLDvXXWNRX7Zedsuxr8Mm8KXLHdsM+Jcqt6vygjSr1iu9KgDDGgmwh4w1GrigudbPdjVOeR1OM6qnKu95MuFbkeqq0PTTXO1d7nxkVuLIy5c4VzrY\/+qMCpUEb\/fX1brqaBEZU3F3rPkI9XX+Y9ZCpurvJxHyz0Jd7vExWLkzHQJnKD3l1pxtt902ad2KzLos4vBwVkqU\/xlfvIQfPPUSeCOpiAg0kE9ycBR5MIblLQ+bZ5zfGvIvN7elss72vr+9rPSZ\/aYVOfo5iJKKqPYC4jGLlyTwaxE0Hwthcjg+DJSMEDkVA\/a+qsH\/b6o5oe1f7Xxpzl3Q356R15SHp1Qxq\/IPXoQf3Z5yG+CPBVaLSalv4KNFo\/po9fcJ71xwP9+FFz6tlI9n6k60ctNs+GGo41ziIoIzV2+mufevRx2n\/qKeoXpYLxL1CqF+fvUR79m5Qu3hfdW9q+0vvi6ttkX\/jJsW1e+7y9\/t3f5lt\/Mf+tTH0u4EBebSDgmAgMAgEjXBcJ2OfFbu8TEUUC2gM1xeVm7fPDpVrNSoplnNi49ZKmTUz27yYbJzZtXqa+aOoOihreyvQ4rr7qtG6ynDBcHTjtepeXw7YXFGrq236fls2HD\/q+07dclZP\/Eby0E2ui6TVZ4ycWqSmqZfrHO1JoAiWA5mFa04dFIqoiy8pcbH5Pfd7eQu63H4TCaEoI\/v0HlL7L\/4xWP4B2OFfsWj+B9+q6RxBfXXgXs1FGup6Qpu73gVDn09aLzY913u6OD6B+Jxa7CS2GbZ6AbZ6DPZP1XNRzSGszAfrX+qVNO99+3\/rvbf4UcG2jCU0Gbu8Cv95E7ONNZEYPmdNCnu0gJpxqID81TfZw\/zDOTckw4GAm4OABwDizvHFufeOsAsdbFZ7Xmdj8kqel3z\/AHG8Vdi\/F1MOZ1MMnqeNc7DibO84Cf6WJM64fiiYr\/szbrvDH5\/hfdvJekPm79\/yXu81\/\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Signature<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Food and its partners<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Food gives nutrition to health (0.7), land conversion to biodiversity (0.6) and withdrawals and runoff to water (0.3).<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>W<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">E<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">I<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>H<\/span> \u00b7 <span>B<\/span><\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Sectors<\/dt><dd><strong>4<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Relations<\/dt><dd><strong>6<\/strong> <small>of 15<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coupling<\/dt><dd><strong>0.46<\/strong> <small>share of total<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><h3 class=\"nx-nsig-dh\">Strongest relations in play<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-nsig-rel\"><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Food \u2192 Biodiversity<\/b> \u00b7 land conversion<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"6\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.6<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Food<\/b> \u00b7 irrigation<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.8<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Biodiversity<\/b> \u00b7 environmental flows<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"6\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.6<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Food \u2192 Health<\/b> \u00b7 nutrition<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"7\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.7<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"all\">Select all<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-sig-act=\"copy\">Copy signature<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements for any place. Coupling is the summed strength of the relations in play, as a share of all fifteen.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-3\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-label=\"Decisions, Methods and evidence, Core questions, Mechanisms\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Decisions, Methods and evidence, Core questions, Mechanisms\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-decisions\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Decisions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-audience\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Methods and evidence<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Core questions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-mechanisms\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Mechanisms<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-decisions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Decisions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who decides, and what the evidence serves.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Food Nexus prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Who decides<\/th><th scope=\"col\">The question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence this page serves<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Agriculture ministries and extension services<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Which districts, crops and herds face the largest production risk this season, and where to direct inputs and advice<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Crop condition against the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 seasonal-outlook\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A statement of the shifted likelihood of conditions over the coming months compared with normal.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">seasonal outlook<\/a>; yield-at-risk by district with its label<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Crop and livestock insurers, and index insurance programmes<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Whether a loss index tracks actual farm losses closely enough to pay fairly<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Satellite and survey yields compared for the same units and seasons, with <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 basis-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The mismatch between a trigger or index payout and the loss actually suffered, so that payment may come without loss or loss without payment.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">basis risk<\/a> stated<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Food reserve and import planning agencies<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">How large the domestic shortfall is likely to be, and how early imports must be contracted<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Production outlooks with ranges; supply balances with stocks and trade<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Producer organisations and cooperatives<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Which varieties, planting dates and practices reduce exposure to the stresses now most frequent<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Trial and survey evidence on varieties and practices, with the conditions each was tested under<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-4\">Outputs this topic produces<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Production profiles by region with the concentration of output made explicit<\/li><li>Seasonal yield-at-risk layers with forecast skill stated<\/li><li>Input dependency maps linking fertiliser, feed and fuel to production<\/li><li>Synchronous-failure scenarios across major producing regions<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and evidence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How agricultural production is modelled, measured and tested.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"science\" data-au-n=\"1\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"system-model\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">System model<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">The couplings between the systems in agricultural production: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.<\/p><div class=\"nx-au-fig\"><svg class=\"nx-au-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 560 250\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Causal loop diagram of Food, Trade, Climate, Communities, Economy\" focusable=\"false\"><line class=\"nx-au-ac\" x1=\"280\" y1=\"32\" x2=\"398.6\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"339.3\" y=\"57.71\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"280\" y1=\"32\" x2=\"206.7\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"398.6\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"353.3\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"375.95\" y=\"135.5\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"398.6\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"161.4\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"353.3\" y1=\"187.58\" x2=\"206.7\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"280\" y=\"183.58\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u2212<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"206.7\" y1=\"187.58\" x2=\"161.4\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"184.05\" y=\"135.5\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"161.4\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"280\" y2=\"32\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"220.7\" y=\"57.71\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd nx-au-nd-ac\" cx=\"280.0\" cy=\"32.0\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"20\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Food<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd nx-au-nd-ac\" cx=\"398.6\" cy=\"91.4\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"410.6\" y=\"95.42\" text-anchor=\"start\">Trade<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"353.3\" cy=\"187.6\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"365.3\" y=\"205.58\" text-anchor=\"start\">Climate<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"206.7\" cy=\"187.6\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"194.7\" y=\"205.58\" text-anchor=\"end\">Communities<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"161.4\" cy=\"91.4\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"149.4\" y=\"95.42\" text-anchor=\"end\">Economy<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"114\" text-anchor=\"middle\">R  reinforcing<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"280\" y=\"132\" text-anchor=\"middle\">B  balancing<\/text><\/svg><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Causal loop diagram from the page&#8217;s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">FAIR guiding principles \u00b7 GO FAIR and FORCE11<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">W3C PROV \u00b7 World Wide Web Consortium<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Guidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties \u00b7 IPCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">CEOS Analysis Ready Data \u00b7 Committee on Earth Observation Satellites<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"supply\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Core questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What experts ask.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Production is where most food-system risk begins. Weather, pests and input shortages act first on fields, herds and ponds, and the size of the loss there sets the scale of everything that follows downstream.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>How sensitive are the main crops, livestock and farmed fish in a region to temperature, rainfall timing and extreme events?<\/li><li>Where is production concentrated in a few crops, varieties or breeds, and what does that concentration mean for exposure to a single pest or disease?<\/li><li>How much of the gap between actual and attainable yields comes from water, nutrients, pests or management?<\/li><li>Which adaptation options, such as changed planting dates, tolerant varieties, irrigation or diversification, work in which conditions, and for whom?<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-mechanisms\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-15\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">15<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanisms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Drivers and processes.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Production risk arises where biological thresholds meet weather, markets and management.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M12 2v2\"\/><path d=\"m4.93 4.93 1.41 1.41\"\/><path d=\"M20 12h2\"\/><path d=\"m19.07 4.93-1.41 1.41\"\/><path d=\"M15.947 12.65a4 4 0 0 0-5.925-4.128\"\/><path d=\"M3 20a5 5 0 1 1 8.9-4H13a3 3 0 0 1 2 5.24\"\/><path d=\"M11 20v2\"\/><path d=\"M7 19v2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Climate<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Heat, water and timing<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Crops are most sensitive during flowering and grain filling; heat and water stress at those stages can sharply cut yields. Livestock lose productivity under heat stress, and warmer water lowers oxygen in aquaculture.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M6 18h8\"\/><path d=\"M3 22h18\"\/><path d=\"M14 22a7 7 0 1 0 0-14h-1\"\/><path d=\"M9 14h2\"\/><path d=\"M9 12a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6h6v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2Z\"\/><path d=\"M12 6V3a1 1 0 0 0-1-1H9a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Biology<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Pests and disease<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Pathogens and pests spread through trade, wind and changing climate envelopes. Genetic uniformity raises the chance that one outbreak affects a wide area.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M2 20a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h16a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8l-7 5V8l-7 5V4a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2Z\"\/><path d=\"M17 18h1\"\/><path d=\"M12 18h1\"\/><path d=\"M7 18h1\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Inputs<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Seed, feed, fertiliser and labour<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Availability and price of inputs determine whether producers plant, feed and harvest at full capacity in a given season.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-4\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"food\" aria-label=\"Methods and data, Methods, Sources, Questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Methods and data, Methods, Sources, Questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Methods and data<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-methods\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Methods<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Sources<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-19-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-16\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">16<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-16\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How the evidence is built, and its limits.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ol class=\"nx-rows\"><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">01<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Field and station data<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Agronomic trials, farm surveys and veterinary surveillance give direct evidence but cover limited places and years.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">02<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Earth observation<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Satellite indicators of vegetation, soil moisture and crop area, applied through <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/earth-observation\/\">Earth observation and remote sensing<\/a>, give wide coverage but need ground truth to separate crop types and stress causes.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">03<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Crop and livestock models<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Process models simulate growth under weather and management scenarios. Their skill varies by crop and region, and they often represent pests, disease and extremes poorly.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">04<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Statistics<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Yield statistics from national <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> are essential for trends but can be revised, aggregated or delayed, which limits their use in a fast-moving season.<\/p><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"supply\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-17\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">17<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-17\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How it is studied, and what the methods cannot say.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-methods\" data-limits=\"true\"><ol class=\"nx-mledger\" aria-label=\"Methods\"><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/stem\/agricultural-science\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Agricultural, soil and food science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Crop simulation for seasonal yield risk \u00b7 Yield gap and nutrient limitation analysis<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/agricultural-science\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Agricultural, soil and food science\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/stem\/earth-observation\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Earth observation and remote sensing<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Crop condition monitoring \u00b7 Crop type and area mapping \u00b7 Irrigation and water productivity<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/earth-observation\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Earth observation and remote sensing\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/stem\/forecasting\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Forecasting and time-series analysis<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Seasonal production outlooks \u00b7 Staple price forecasting \u00b7 Anticipatory action triggers<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/forecasting\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Forecasting and time-series analysis\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/stem\/spatial-statistics\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Spatial statistics and geostatistics<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Small-area estimation of food insecurity \u00b7 Digital soil mapping<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/spatial-statistics\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Spatial statistics and geostatistics\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/stem\/ecology\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Ecology and biodiversity science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Pollination and natural pest control \u00b7 Fisheries and aquatic food webs<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/ecology\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Ecology and biodiversity science\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-limits\" aria-label=\"What the methods cannot say\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the methods cannot say<\/span><p class=\"nx-limits-text\">Published yield statistics in many countries rest on small samples and farmer recall, and are revised after the season. Satellite indicators show crop condition, not yield, and mixed smallholder plots are hard to resolve. Crop models omit many pest, disease and management effects that drive real losses. Livestock and small-scale fisheries are counted less often and less precisely than crops. Production forecasts with formal standing are issued by national statistics and agriculture services, not by Food Nexus.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-18\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">18<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Where this page&#8217;s references<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-18\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page&#8217;s references lead.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1222463110\"><span>Rosenzweig and others, Assessing agricultural risks of climate change in the 21st century in a global gridded crop model intercomparison, PNAS 111 (2014)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43016-021-00400-y\"><span>J\u00e4germeyr and others, Climate impacts on global agriculture emerge earlier in new generation of climate and crop models, Nature Food 2 (2021)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cropmonitor.org\/\"><span>GEOGLAM Crop Monitor (Group on Earth Observations Global Agricultural Monitoring)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/\"><span>FAOSTAT (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/ns-3\/\"><span>NS-3, NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk) record UNIs, a proposed standard<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-19-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-19\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">19<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-19\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>What is a yield gap?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The difference between the yield attainable with well adapted varieties and good management under local conditions and the yield farmers actually obtain. It shows where better water, nutrients or crop protection would raise output most.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can satellites measure yields?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">They measure crop condition: greenness, canopy cover and growth through the season. Turning condition into yield needs ground data and models, and the error is largest on small, mixed plots.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why do synchronous failures matter so much?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Because trade relies on one region compensating for another. If several major producers lose output in the same season, that buffer disappears and prices respond everywhere.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Are livestock and fish covered?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Yes. Herds, feed, animal disease and fisheries production belong to the same system, though they are measured less often than crops and with wider error.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does Food Nexus forecast harvests?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">It can assess production exposure and publish scenario analysis with stated uncertainty. It does not issue crop forecasts, which remain with national statistical and agricultural services.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is aquaculture included?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Yes. Farmed fish and aquatic plants are covered, including the effects of water temperature, oxygen, disease and feed supply.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Are smallholder systems covered?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Yes. Smallholder production is central to food security in many regions, and its specific exposures, such as reliance on rainfall and limited access to inputs and credit, are a core concern.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why does genetic diversity matter for production risk?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">When large areas grow the same variety or breed, a single pest or pathogen able to overcome its defences can cause losses across the whole area. Diversity spreads that risk.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"supply\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Food Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Sector Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Evidence Brief<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/food-nexus\/topics\/agricultural-production#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-global-food-nexus-topics-agricultural-production-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-global-food-nexus-topics-agricultural-production-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-global-food-nexus-topics-agricultural-production-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/sectors\/food\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Food<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/food-agriculture\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Food systems and agriculture<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/water-risk-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Water risk standards<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-20\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Food Nexus<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-20\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring a method, a dataset or a question.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Information and enquiries are open today. 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