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NtB0x67\/qUt8jtI1ia\/jTStdttH2tyw5WTtDPtO0wDaclLqZIPKSJNdqqFLNo+Ucr\/dZLT7PaejjjebnHq3PaXUuz06pTgci4\/LSW5x19nCxrsIFW1yw9jfl2BvrsFkP+3GNrsCbkviAD7t6TZNS\/CPmL7a6C\/FhPsN7laICrww9nT4zNuGQD30FbkMmXcHpb5CQ9cY7ITiCcTmyKnL4zlGtiapq6KIQU0HL6n7M1qSh8pGRuQWxNodowo06BdLPzzLYeyM9BX0QbQ4unIfSD6ubOHqEb0i8VW61rLvzvaMvMcdcvrD3OE41oL4b8giZDWwgEkL029PbX2Fo1GKfAFLbc6d2zJh8aT55sehrNovpKiGIP34sZFvIJX\/GrLIfHs6JnXenRb5ACyQZYnrEZU4lyALBMHW2fvbwEHIAl3weo7FvixzQNT9jjk6Cfq9z5yk+90H0zMvIXQAAkxg0u1J3XocCnDCHuVgaii7PYF8cJmRwDBM6ZHE3kAGjyRKht8DLADdFsb0wf+5S\/eaHC6ljf19jVb14eghdC6TXdf7jZAP\/vwCrAX\/Ci7d0OgQciK5daxBekCcCNT47xyW7Ze9ncLjlqqyoX7Em1UQ\/EIVJDIvPd60KQ3xkkoo3Dkvv+ggHTdodyZLmjoQuHZX6MK88\/9Z\/RW7VeFTpaws4seokrEYrzv8MTrHu\/yGFtALCnmpiy9r9H4+xWpTmDU3ya3+4CY4BseNQbinPE1hOdW33AK3pq0uPHvOLbDl76o200TiCSLxHCLJBJHEmEgL4ikR2mH8G9Dl8j8MEboYHeELHTvn7S\/vEh40ugaR79m0IHnpF9cKR8ubikITJGrevZj1JHugH+N0H9LJPgjN2\/OJEzctRvC31U6HCjqi3wto2\/oLrlCAGBabZ6m7Ni0WPk5jsCdkPoUXoszn8Odk2OHCkE18V8uHZdLLfTpS8OSzjSocRE8e\/arraP2tmDhNnefpjYvqNPDvoWvsvqrrUH4gZk4oOITS1He2V43naRAS\/VNcS2Ya6TzFl7iviKvWVa5ak8ndKiZzUGeJtQCUH\/jW18Sb\/XSFComDPtPVUg+kpR5kElNal34sO94vG1NB4QKaFhZLKF0mjnVIHevSI15BMZ6gGG+VR7XBFCrcJ0b\/m62WjMxpRzZn\/\/ACP7IanGGzQgu0qN5ubdW9aaWgOfVBxJbr\/xTFhDEuI0QRCFNiwoj\/QTmSedNeqDgCg4woqYrm25P79OP2kLiZ3sNsHrFn8oKFzS+KfguHy+7yrpy1XRhNz1oPbDLMWWSronp4N6ko0uOUzIIJ6cOZ1HPn3xHAhKaW+h9bX3f164qiwPkme5QuxXkt3xeSRC9NT7s0vUcuTcPpZZ3JaFCOULMkHRsZVKfW5MVYBJLueV8P4zO8vQ+XrN8g1EJECHOCezXpnvGBoiouBXwXIzkFgLopREWzkM\/PhEsc3jEZ59R0McglEpgQT0T1sUPjBnuhWdeKKwMjmaLpm9F0ZtDs4ZJMlBskJgrypHFLkt0m6DmuQRjPBPnxuGIwBCXTYwcz5gehOvCTblwZ3YzoK1M27\/zyQ2YH+p3EJB5WPq3duaFNX5TgWDT74UE+d7nYzrtacWVrwhdX4nN3f2LBV1i2zaRFhpnXvxF72Q+zSwMUdm8l9fUcNz+wByc+1AApQliIxA6JTRHfnv4RXU7gR08\/NlpD0eAMqvP91CHmdHEiadW2MF2Ip+P1j0zAdHi7s6gUrHY2C7GjGv8kIs74BusPPDEBeJFPjULfZ+3KIQISqJG5GdYIBIGL6QAklKu3157z8ouH7ODbBBTJF8e2X99WFpbgNhsBUJILu\/XZbTyFtNHBN0\/vzx5QeSvZtBsGZnN4YYB43qKOLZgX0z0micibbAzzxP7i9ASLyyO2yax9cB\/y3N\/y9MeNXKhbtGyHl8ZAGvObtrpskeK5+hVLfhvhQq2G6TWBqXWu+slDv2Xi7WIcWvpKmtzcl8iNaPg9KVqm1RnkJePtlZr5dNH15dae7vehbE8klPmLt+HvtFMVGk+Rv0KrKarWyIo\/vN0v9wypWi3ylUKX0PT+Z2zPI1zfDLSIyQ3cZQTYcGG9tsL8qum2aFQfT21S+zWHbwiM\/BWu0J+r\/+\/\/Xf0z6ln98SQY3EfdvGNbopPNTEuj0mD\/sPsR7TStcmxE4j+yiLqgstIiPktgIbRgaaQfxxog6\/a3J9AWoOl2ELCOVzSHB4SBctf9Ok9+MkUFm92BTrfEZ3fwUvRPzO6ws9E\/g+QT9n5G9gkn3EiSZbA5MahkGSgthv\/TeLJ5aEn9BYycEGctoFGB3cjmoNx889Ug6mrz4TFmtTWNm8pvdTcyQUYNJqFRZ3VLQEfFveHRUYULKC24\/LwPzN6IOZHJN9Ao+\/J2\/JtmKMG0NiqleNGudHfe95Bc+fkqs4CUinjnNpMAcw\/HaJOz8Iv1LTD3bootOIs2sjHQh7wXsowCXwnrUB2py0UDfqA0gkg72SNpMrIO6pjCfVg1nwjZhJFsmOhypArtzEdtfEFvR\/OuOvUccrTxBhM2Xj0NM4R1ZdirvpHvzNF0OIHmy3cemL0DKqYN0pvF4GoYt63vfC\/JbFhX4AlAHYODiceRV1lztIQE2PQRBH3uwlaRFZzlWDzGhS0J1wb2M40xt5imiDwd+jJ\/EtUux+h8eDI1WT\/uBLzQ9eH7X24slAv5HxF8QejOYzyz9P1b\/br6y8TVH6VSPuLqT9eXXvTQu3IZUbrwiEc8xMcsujIPQBovGf\/orvz751\/dYH4bMs8P0eZg5AepaEp0gfJmS08SAD+btiSubN1Z6ct1Bh+en9W+\/sYWMX33aWw9Z+i+g7uvj9YxoL8UCs+fKc31UJfjcLBcMGLozKZGoVIKH3IWMdqJju+eXmea3dSE7918\/WBEMrqHdQhOJSH2vMUQPHdec33q+WUC42NYfxrcZ4lKNIn3o8+bIlOOA3jWTDN9+TlbFLkHUmg5GPziHjEoQEbRbNxqnJU8R+FDs7flznCfqHHodAwvqzfjr31Wb5arELgt0sRh5SymM9yMNW2evNC3+Ljg49ng0gdx4l4\/amCR3aMeYaWAGZu7mM745Si79oabudVfV5bzvNDYLUwnbvJXuUqi7QQ996DNk+d5Gqy4uhiXSUGj\/fRBjqyb\/aBkJOhiDI8cJWFcuexl1BKp\/dG+qnPae4QDorFVmzNi\/1RFDkX7\/VwuqFfsbLlWZ\/9cZogyuFSfy7TNsXNDf9l25w6JOXi3VkAMo13YOP5FwG89yhuDx7zlIwWciAkVmDoiJ1\/YbB5ndnrMJ5TS\/k5fpNOqkGR2ySRaARKMyUx743xiR2QaFBuW6XxEjAePQkSIlS6bmoigFvJlJyPbjQPbmwAlP0Lj1Q6QTZn4UMvm5ASiSHt8IP07XWWzuQmnaTddGJnCABz9j+povwTunrdBlOtAF4fYxMVbTOaqcqfh6LP6OuSjlix+qblrYLPeMqWe5f9LNNvvUg992fH02PNdeoBt\/36nwH3sCf3H8qe\/OzYk5TZTga7IzcZqq+NRkgp3BP+xH+y6bYgVQPfO1INTqLgiCL43cLlAUCOQvT6buphGK+A91e2H4fVMxW5LrNtKTzQBzoeD7jGfkdWv\/dQsvMHRuJlKmiS+6ZcaNg0NkfEJWQ4ljd+fld1yZaz6EQapWVr3dyxp9Ko3b2mY2uonWFfWBZSwuKkvYbsD4Jg37QCwPSvl25xgjd6XVNMNiwW6wJxJkxmAuc2PQQOxC7YsXwC+zxnyij8ubRfdd5p7M646tPF5CRjW0ArOicZn6TDNFShQGpLCPCrjA0v7O9gavojiTo2sZOi4ZZ09yAlsvg6cbh1o019x7vjdVItYbHzAUPBzxqB1xsA9Ywx0nKzezCA\/Wk6Hp+WkeXtiao2\/9U2ZaHeYZhI8YGWgabcYTG5jmjqDb1CZ0VryOpd6Wpk5QXPFMRwrCvFE24OlZ9O8+WEflguni6Oy0BOBp\/IQSQr71M26VGS78XL7fGFvCcKJ+En4fjN966P4JAxKCGDku6K\/1NP18fVmxE6Z5IgzBJSpOXi9GVkCJbmUXEW4\/Uh+BTTYlY+VE2X3H9+psCO3\/NXZbO+94aApeoji\/dcD\/FeZwtxRWED8nQIbbdHZObqC+lJMAonsyaMKIy18oDBTALxJIFgnaJxhe6rSRhbX6U5jiJwLmB5hbSYOzvQR0Wh9XdPGKXV1ElsHyUvfc9Jeh\/eL6V2HLRTkZ9ZlT8gCbNZvh8l82Xk3LZI1NUMpb8JVPQtzPQTKzEKmnn2+EhKd44hVXs+wzpPDqgUxgs1ABY1mJNhZQLL20a2PwSExTAiKmjPP7hYYISl7wSSIw32p4Ppe11UBb6anljdD3+gbOFbmKVwHTOzPF4l8pQFsBu8chkngEG7TRCvUfPuBJaDxOf4T7f1\/\/WIhtB7ms3ZVVk4oAcYeiEgfa\/tLwYnRTY5UXVvS6OKFhlgfpRLQu2ZrUFNUB5T7Tp2HUNOnY3Vfj47Vo\/tD1ta9vepW6LAOnWdOCJ\/XvSn8OoM+UctO2AUeiv2fS3WJNusqI6w0XQAoRfaS1KJYxkOqwnBca1pKQEmnnzDioUwIXTA7\/fUfk\/d6mbo6YRiTJRz45AQDzAdSWoPYN9mFa+RarbIvLAV8poRoE7HZRLLt5b9eYNYqDyNTMrlxY\/eefGcRQZRXpNhM98gW7yuUsiI\/520jc\/6ikymHdDJlHEqF\/9dVZWRHdOclNR8cvGw+s7k7z7MLynBRtzK8Uy1qKhkHo2yq4ajxdeeytEGkLfyyWQIaRXB3MAlA37SGauzSaFBHc6unxFzF\/Zvph6oYKqM243PEQMtBFTHakWxbSHIjpXlNrhcx672eSwEnCkOJ0DHQuIBVXf1ouDaLHo7ttuwGhrlm0J0cW+EiYsb5Mky5Og0xAxND8YNpALPxnmEV6gHL2K78x0hduP22ujwyl\/uwv1cWNraoMEpx+zV9TOnEMNPg\/k9dzH+gVGauMeO5RMEft\/9gLV+51qSZ2x9gzbnLaIO79nb6uMdgE2hof2e\/UXeSd8sdIsaiSGwx8AmOCiseqCofq9u053J3CHRCBfoh3Y+q2THUCdRWEDOGza2m7SzWOrcy1+KkCUPb3Gzjxef0YbZtgMqpUoLXH1zI8\/c+8fyc2Ge0g+eYxg27QFlA+OXLYq25tEv+eGRxF2LoLHmFdZsnKO0nuYrESQT\/o7aBMA3IwL5q6259TMzK9q451SjV6hW8rMNaG9iirlOLY2IQz7O3BlJtxn48yNuKJUqF\/Av3tYb1iSsYg+RiWtXUK1tee+QND5QuWY+vJTAqGh+gOYxpesjUcpvkOv9RfGS610pjm6LaPUxC1xstOzDt12dwAFkOGfNLHx1RwwkY319wIbAcDHjBTQp9ObZVCquGrH\/e2jCfyYnPSaIxFhiGdUAyE4n1VG6\/y0iK6fQihb3WOPkBVgiF7GM6QxDtJmT3GiWxLl9q2LYf6sx2KuDNSH69H075PMh7FUbJybxXnWv4dnoylRm\/5bJyOJnv+9KBXLBIWPbXvQyCUYxT306m5aMGHIMCBd1M4RHja4H22miSuKuu05g87oceWUpzqmcvOJhVlueBmdrsRe0smqBwlCpdku9ubjvIzGzmodRZnkNVgi2F+xgaExtVghEcQpZtZS+MmTwIVanJ3q0L4SZv2NFwa\/DagPDAdML7qezFlGulSN6Xkvd\/Lu6Z+3OyLgGeerGa16MKvLtnPgrn+pEW5tAYx3twqXzXVDX2q17ispW8W7\/dFX+CCKxM3QYxQtY90R77OUxC3eNDAYZgUMNstahmfDO\/m3HN\/N0Q2ZbHKxb4jCJsDhE4s2DFCxgVOMLH8UOp+VpkAeOJGwR7JQvAi8zYG1X96b93m\/GSF4UM8WeaJVhncDHLNtIfkw\/hHQnKkJK8bJVvFHFhNbO+4J7Y2POiMF8mfVNLYj24lpQrehhSMm9I\/KUBSmrGtXsBF1gbtHyq2iXTyRs8udZLeNS03UBw4yo1EOg6DMqUr4XKNs99atOhOKlA0244VFP7a6Ru4PeqhF0D+IwQyBImytN1nqmEqaCu0T7wV56+LTL94tzh+bRG18+vjiv2Bb\/4gI7UObonVo36DbTioN2vfZ9wNqEEHQb4Epku\/bcKHbG42KATVju\/G85kN6jp03z2Jm\/hTdy4rmRdkX0l9CHQNzD5rR\/UxhFcj8IoGFIcWxInUt0AupOHwhDIR1HXjK\/NbTZfPMJS+k00LAKryq83YcTdkc2P2TciZ53ym2Q51qWwKQzItXV+uZnsZleym4OVpsf4\/DVkknJupt0uJ\/C7fBUIbMuLTHextkXXsEknNGzS\/hpJ5tfTccusqKrUNh1\/aEDMMSTmugbEjKdJT+xNyYwn9pNLs92dvg2KK8rbkZ1y0i8X6L5cWaVz+KM7m1lUdZy3DxIfXN0+b95Ae+KHA5LEbEfgF+due\/h+Mz2rXF4ibJyNljqxYhTfnhyUXYqr786o70rqezPqe2L905z6vqR+sNGtzro9rS6Sjyrz2OYUS1+tWM5XrlQ5hbgqW3MdQwVCPqESjVF+umBYDguaXMoMoGEzQT5mEVPE9aJsP6Pq7jPAGDvGz5e1\/4z5sbRfYtn4lWH5n+Tttxzv4J6xseH2xNPf3EXPMwi5N+rd601vv7wLzoDrRedrgBL1UZBhrCvo3VllNBHX2q5JotnZ1L42k9dXZ7uc2d6IAjO1eyPelDsG17vixc6De8UDj0iRq5ngaXfuUp3Zh\/9kbGLm6GSMgju2xDjmz9my94AHzSY6DTFkABS0bAgaHBY5Ms8CJNL\/bAKCAVTWnIb5aeZyG3wOYCCfkwP5aDz9+LS8FhxXDpfhtco7LWa+uDNNwo4RAANtmoQHJf4zHN13Dsd1+8lNsZkF7k8qsnCY9MH6848fMm7Y\/eyG1akw2AwY9id1Rkx05LKJiN1wZoIi87bF3C7dNegDmrsUefuJHC4QtUaaaQQPYnlkFPrMVA9oKwZl+jTXpZyPZzN3ih5rzoZ6XTi0P+q0cx\/4OR5+2Bms28853ybG8wnHm6qlTz7dDAf54MNt5oAfdrap2p1ztDn+Z+2YTzxg8rKBrckG\/aS2umTJI4iF+5hjYKot2g26071DGWrx7pP6IGa6CqfNz3THuwuAV04tIwlrNaedid3AtC0+c+s8OO8haZH9y9396GLi1DDLM2KZZ7fcoyAogZMXNfa9D8HYLq6NgdHZLORzVslzUl1LrO5DDJJQvhev9w0FBeT1RPMyqeEZh6shws8qBA8av4XxqO2NuOj\/Bcsw7BdCwJiPWAKt879ZT6tuHr6gwW9TmORnUFgFBNjc+jusq83zZBowm+Dw4HsdOucK7Qop2t7\/EGRp1mLsLUsboZjhTg6kpvg2GrsYAdDvMBtRAfJlvieu1LQvaIHHNQTohh\/hQR1W4LXK0593kMVoxQx3t02jGYzJf5\/OhsiVY6yFKRBk4R5Fw27uz9U+Y4RLcj7eF9933zGmSl6Uvdw6r4fD2ondxA+eOy+Gw9r1\/N0OdL+9w9rNQhB73W\/\/sA7SfQLD7ndwWIMoSbOI\/D45h7UXu4mTdr\/dwzpMfM91ut8eej8Abkf\/5B\/W0N7tvP794LDOstjdQfI7QfT20Q52\/UvcwzrdB3u3az\/xDmtnv4c7u\/vtH9bJPkIiBPkdHNZpEDhR134SHtZ7OwrgnvyObfuwdmM3dmFfgGYk82Hg9gVoSkAEoqQrcOzDOth5tp\/1Bc5h7cd+vIv6Avew9sAuAz1R1z6s94k\/0nCdwzryggikfYF7WO\/SKMm6jjcQHNb2zt7bXRXkIXdYO5EDHDiWuIe1Yzuu008Pcio+rIM49MK+bXK3uvZCL\/F9UnasQXtYO64TOvHz6IR1WPsgCuO0J\/8C0Uuu5\/WL4QRSeKiPMfhib\/G\/rzt3072Nzw38zA2Cbf9fBFbTvXECRXVY27Gd2F3XsGvOQZaYvXdxOkzIFYML1GEyjnD0TDlIT5khQuUwfbAP77gHremm91oa3sylifXIwKtmJEjO6Ne+OeS0OT5MwBVt5u5ZCY\/UozrH4BjDbGTV+BD96h70MhB7XnelW7a0AWXTdxJJuYfkGueJFcPfc1h\/sb+6+LM7SOTpTUfE1+evPdQHOvxlkpgkkMZVwiHhruhhmkeZbort43RW357wAu2YJs390hjus3DkfiBMYhiN3A9xu9QfuZ8LwjSORu5np14WhSP3y1K477kl4n5ZHGdhOnK\/zItiPxq5X7oPHDcbuR8IXd+NR+7ngl2UhiP3g3EYeT7F\/WKQ9dwacT+YAofmfjDaxcAfuV\/oBnZPD3M\/GKF\/FPcDCfShT3G\/ACRRElHcL83ikQbifiAAaepR3C8I91G8p7hfDEMfMNwvCV0AKO7nxf5+71PcD8LMzQKa+2VJlmQxw\/0yN3N7ntlxvyjeB8BhuV8SJknfQcL9oANDyHK\/MANhPyzC\/dIABpkrcD832nrRNnC39tdAx\/92AcP\/yBAEuYCg2jUJWqsI8\/J4aifvNrsFjUT0P9fzn+v572I9T4qZqy5NyrenBjnNWlZ\/QCpdbpl6rlDPNarnCfU8o3q+UM83qhcI9QKTeidhXk5G83IS5uVkNC8nYV5ORvNyEublZDQvJ2FeTkbzkgjzkhjNSyLMS2I0L4kwL4nRvCTCvCRG85II85KYzUso1AtN6sW2zVeMbduspiPWdMxqumJNo68RO2JvHbPeOmJvHbPeOmJvHbPeumJvXbPeumJvXbPeumJvXaPeXqqGr3mpGpOaSDnhq+IoM4O6JTzyVRVRuHRNpMzwVbGCY1AXJAlfFYWWGLX6Ijb6YlhT+DRK91C6MlI3+cpYBTWpXBC\/BaYyFizMPm6LzEr811VET6Lac3JLI94vJqNV4tVQ6PdGIHXIz9mlkkWNhnxfb9zXTzXuf14emTzAeAToOtVZ+e40iiwCHsEXd+M1hET\/HTV2RvvFibt0QLyuHB0q4A3ufXwtjbVkyzybBvCVazz02scXJrZJztYpWAr6qlbZLsD2z0YPzj6gsEvAjqbJx+2MDCTC8uMzk9DY2B6HOuIx3vg2myl9chnOywo9BrtNG1vkGS077CY2G\/qz8ZVoZyySZVEaHk1iyvdvKL+S0SXpHLCWjuwjYN+VLZCs7fD9AsqUTtsuwbzvN+XsUXxH8CZ9YKNPw1z6A9wHE+2ZXGuEiv9PqCExiP8RmAloq8PyKsO8\/t3KyxSxy5BcQSagSL4gGJbVr2gXbXpQbJvePi665pNd35KQBw446bP2lXqwq\/jatnRKIxFoZug2Tv1AswDbtEtiUlmD\/Y0sp5IYM3a\/G41OGeDBvbo8M3S\/FUwSQveNNmdQFPzk3wkcl71YL5e8mQUcx6cskSdcmVizejQtFYAbdnuaukvsx6Luvc8nXFES67A9STyymrC3jHCgJRwYpoghlKXZj2hRjk3Ugia0yzaqJGspV54rk468JUsRs9854jML4+Z2KdNojx5fdYKhJl9vM6TU0EBKdaRSqjslpC5G1ev6f73dCVPZ0XkgTuXdY0o7j4aqGmUKvimlSi9SyUDRyMgodXSaTJrX356ul6cfEnel\/+UG\/+j+L9v+L\/YTPUmRBOPf0a1Hurm0eisnG\/ynBzSIEgi9qI50SpVxULKrZyY7Dof0+9zDTR5W3bGoablTzs\/fnhq0iQbUhlmIJ8HzK0zaqrZglsGkxbWtJgEFUo\/Jy+bdADUEIngEOa1HRA87MKeYVq1IUGmjIZCB81NH6vkAEaTMk\/50ffme9\/J3SK2AUEwJFdi\/yAXMni9gQ4Ja2kENDujSLfz2dEb+wd\/zrXmNCsU75je5qKtkGwIplJxvZuvEiDjVvtqcKOlANXf02BA51bya3Qm0iGlyipjaSCn5LlkmEKPSmKkUG90JdgElLG4Tok5E0jzaxhYyXUOzzXyDnGJi5It63Go+H6NSGycdW26Bc+SpsGQGtwlRRtc32srmSqxsy2QXCfgpfWjxAKjiGaX10lG2TdTAm6EqN1S4xyjjL8nFRxofzyWkdTz9EPGkCPK5GTgcTxO8580UTXcpUQSbJB6gy\/PN3SObMh3DKSnUPaNlZUOq9QRZyqFshF82pPmqp2ks9j90BjUyX7Jl+MskPCNntJNb+Gb1qZPBQXMa9A8psKsxRqiqmbdvT+0pL8c2RhQ3U3ISsVWYPBPwQZ5uFyhsTDdkrOrdk5UTzbGHSzpAfp6qtv8a2\/m1q3L4lDRApOlMvM6cCjsyJPzbFcyiu5sxczNYlDEzOYP6BbvnY1vN5IZFGs5m8fY4T3OspQyLlmouIC9bq5M2SR8NUYDR2Tv3qoAZmagOTkyariemC\/eiaK\/xNzPgj+V7OxT3trnpXegpv1e3c6tSTOJmgrpsOo0JKIrq2qqWJGMZ+3tac2XVQlMucEc\/PWMegqL4sC\/GfHOPMferNcvedDGbiqk1kMmpGm2SXWJVWcpWrXwipJi1pqs5zcHRXFKfBdMsjAoWheJTOI\/\/FK\/gsSeHGjKy43EWfEW4awYKINdR8isvX4YYjtucVBI8zVM338tYcFeb58L819wuoJZc6ylyD2XUTKPUabCoUVN2U1dvxrOSVHd8n3xcH5TlzHQr1lXTyCW3ieHfxWT65pK8TgqolnAfK\/MgpPGHST3LvhQKYjXUbQnTlWB4B7TgH85quN9zrUJ\/9VYe3YA\/Y3KPi1dwV1uxPcnH2y4gJ2NY3VIw4jDG6gkhKtw5mILbN774sU0\/b2lsH7pbmJsyryw98dL8LFPBXVNNOUWxZIuERqkAY3ygwPdKnG\/idvz8WFsnaapbzG+jwYJue4i2tZoqazdGqQXMFe9rmchvK4WsBrZZVoP7hEd8rk5v7t5Yup1NTcp5aq3VgVLoTEaAL2iHrwjK\/Nxn\/X4ndFeexFV0FVetwmn4DfeSR+cXfaUnfDNoR7nOgfgfXuBHVoMzbIaO3bK6OlO79Gdbjb8chRNSAY+wTJembEXO19it08yrTJeNUJWvaOir1RpmNezv4zoPTqX9\/QV+LLjBp12saS\/\/0YFSihnfdZd2jRx\/md32E59GqvO8t7TCf5Py+5Z7W\/HEO3dnwztEofbdF2iOUS+Jb\/Olhk0DFQ5Ek\/eTZvS+54w5WrmivufCmmI9dlzaO9pVXhNK\/DQokZQMysxhAw2NSEIncIH91cb3\/DasZLEjjmbvMATRycEQZGFz0HdHr8B0SrmYSrIwpGGY0RfijtH7w0TUhEdSfxhz0nVeHmnaDu1uRWdhmPK2YZ3DkRWS2Q\/8tJj3LK7eBb+NmY3NWgAY+es221jzCc6IYyZl3qeAz6z83CR1VRQxqPvX0J2ehvKNcbUbnVd8n\/rcSVUU4NJAnPYX\/yXxmrh7kKv2xMBZ5snLx3OHpjXENDh8jA\/2VbGVwTqmMWnCYa4GTZQLNMTzf5aDWz\/6zif7etZfPfQYj0IVJoEFVNnn+1aFqAojWeFBooGxBs\/1dt75PUHjEbFJi9xg+I4cQNbi0fTOtU\/Pgw+ZcOKwAGgexfdERzYGEk7zau+r3r3BhDDRunJgsJCxnNFUdfvtCTQJLFN8sHDDZfHyuE2q64gzrxcpnOzGDJJUaqI+vqhnP2ZOfRPusLzD9DlPU5Xn8vTun3ViufPSrwsNx2DULHsDVsScIjulhtJT+6zIoqUAtENI5bKbILZZMlVEpJlhsVQQ0UWIyarSd9KLgHAn6Jpck8vqUVcx8v7QBqalXeIwkBf3kMdSjqt3jO2DPDgxeHTvS2rqXS9rb8I0GYamZO4\/ziyj3TprSk\/MxMmhPUNVqzUoXyZUTorPjLkS75fWFVa1N43yK6hLnbmGPoWjB+jE\/HlhaXSZMzrpb\/NSNzhfPZS8YSK4UJT\/te1\/\/1tdFbAzgY6d6dOFaeuv6PojGu5htetO4d2sk5h21J\/ZdsdSh+3KwCnbxloD01MhUl0Hk6Ho2cMFgmdOqbhL11N0PO2Rc+ZF2qkpElSceUF3Jp+9Oyaq4ofOKMabaCRcIZzNFRS9T4u5ex3tdGxC4MI2zDZ4WuD0djO2dFqs0pbdwRgffneXMK3j36jV9Cax689r9u9vS7X5RQkEEfVmlB6anj46A5vLwBXZtG4vACn8gVgq9CTywd3BzEvgNr+sCJLwTZqzgNY89Sxcoybll9Udm3CIJGfvoXTtzd2EuFY7cZvwPPvqSNeQscl6OePDDaXq2LO58eSfsVlXl6GPYReFprIcG8bw1DIe0O9yWjKlFhWSHKl4NAI19pwU+cVCeeg7\/eZLYP8yM2g3ARfNDex42+rKblutMX2GFulhEgdL2b\/vKH8yo5\/MvLxFNHr1uoRN+\/Hj9sBdI1KXROEPhkKTsGhtbOt9uRSyl9VfJhVCxvUAmYUN8ijc8G59O1tVAkF5WNvACV2EKkxKO7z+1A09dyzMW4SA7AUYiZ+UERxeBOMfOtlQWuevGLU\/2flgJIq49GHtBK6PMflJYQeszzaPwPPXcA9hNraU9MDAXhplGBi4L69hcq0RynHs48wIfXlWVBXCKc78bA+o8rJCn\/6wDuNdGI3D+82yD+vEj\/ZU736znMMahkkSZVQZAqb2AAGe7su8w3qXpU6yo8oQQHUG4J6ui76H0HQN8hK17qQ+ga+mihHqdLLLkj1b7B7WfhZ7GG2ZKkYZKvb7OMvYYh9BXcOIKm7K6i0DRYGa9WLP39niI+ewDoMgiCWP3MN670deGouPvMM68eIwc8VHCBE7g3u6G1WOuxCBALg2W+ygz7EHPmCLUa6JDEBqnnCxh7JEAC922WL\/sEbLBY5NniBoUZN+7Li+zRY7KNOFu\/Mdthjl7YgDgNNsUMUYQBz4fsgW+xh3PATsBOCJ9oNgl7DFaJLjvZf4bDFeY4kPQ7bYO6zTEEbZji1GTeL\/jMVtVUPUZhoBLwBcOYL8BiGgNjcpx9lCPNsLuXKcSGWX7nyu3D+sQz8Nk3EnNA2e3DCLPQiYUrSQ04Be36gUtRi6iecxpR7qn08zH1SKRulGfjDO4LEATUOAvh17S\/7P\/hpFG4ZBVW9s3g8\/oJ6\/fHTsh\/qK4Hd4WLuO74UU3+izk+zsaE9zKjSE2I2zJB1Ke6DznR+FYFxiWXU8rO3MyejR4jN\/bXt2aCdsKSJsp05MLTscQ9DgpQRcQE1E98A5rHeeF+4y\/oGL9lLghgH\/AK3hYA\/8iH9AlpRD8e9XeMT7BvjATZhStIazKPMDphRv1Dij5hCVIhT\/ILZ3DlPqH9b7DNr0aXG54HGmTGuo1DmsA9QaW4py9bhxRC1RVOphNplRHwGVotZi6KVjKYB1NzbbY0v7rQKYUsQRXGbEqBRNpg2ikKWAZzLdU31Ir2SX+MDLPK4YtWeHPnXG4mL0Ae29HXJveygDUWxHXDFqMkqTmJoM0C0bLwhsphRPZwAiwJS6iG9GfsJS8A7reA8gxZVQKWLrYQozmlEjYZ1MqEsd7KQcT+nOp3c3Lncxt\/K9hCtH0+rHWcDTxxMLPWpik6K6pqhdN\/NoOqQcZTpKAi+AXDlaqN4ujiKuHB2mLthTs0jKUaKIMAWQavdUkCPFBTTLOOFDzAchoBY2KnWxZLCnjghUimQINw2pJYxKyXECqKWGNF0yuWjFs8Xoa8I9oJY2Lsa5NFI\/BWwxmtkw9SLIFpO8VjY14VlOTpMsS8MwZItRno0M2NSKxcUoH0QWAi9li\/GK9SKPo42\/5T7ex7QAV9UQ8Vw\/i+0wox40p\/oao1xZjBiQWA14BWUJDus0TfaURJOgNBNNc1jHfhrtGZkStkTWDd2YXuyJldTVBfHGOKK4dWJd6xjJy1m2y1xaqDxXDciTwxp6e5BQn9XKEXtPsjSCdGkM0M37YR3BKKIlghY5EOJvm4Uxc9ziB0gk2sd+EPEPXMx5bE8ghVlSKHmAJ9yLfUhP+BUWVlY1TV4Q2WsH+KflNSkgqCUDxY9PH2ldyWRx9BDvWsmc4odvOfoMXoaa5Z\/FeYW\/tkedeN2jI6wkX4M011Y1OEIsEUN6s5LHVXvCZzTYscMEWE0J0iD0x8V4gdWlgB3PBhTP7h44RIT1hQeIp9kRvZW6B+SssHfCA3Jc2LFvlhOK1+SSIA0p\/tzlagkzH0JWk+MFRqLJpVHqJB6vyQUggtTHJpoc2jBpyGlyHFWsyTmxG3iOqMm5cZjEtrkml0ZOHNoSTS4C+xB4rCYXJYFjc5pcGsUeJQIRTQ7EXpywmlwAYpIfh9LkbCcMqZOj1+S4pntNbg8TAB1Bk\/PBPko9QZNznTCk2us1OT\/2wB4KmtwOOBlwpZpcuk+iTK7Jxf4+hnJNLkrDLIFSTS4EfkwdMbQm5weeHYmaXBztAkpi7TW5dBf7oajJ7ZMk2ANRk8v2kC\/2kX4cpFEiaHJZCj2wEzS5bAf21L7rNTmI9IpM0OTiyAVeImhyQeaE1NHba3LJPk1gJmhyey9OoCtockG8D5JM0OTcLNxxyjUeZewxWlKvyXEretDkuFU9aHIwgWGaiJoct7oHTY5b4Z0mx63NTpPbu0mQQl6TgzBzKJNNp8llPggiQZOLXSdyY5km5wb2tv+vXplzXE6ZgzuYZRGnzCV+uoMJr8ztQLSnJI5OmfPDwA0yQZnDOz1glbk0gxFt6CDKXOZnuywWlbl0D4PMkShzbuwklJljVOYCJFBCiTIHIt8LMokyB5OIXsaUMhdDLwK8Mpe5ECYxr8wlYZpQMmGvzCVxHO55Zc7zI+hnvDJnpwFtR+uUOQgyNwl5ZQ6EqRsBXpkLIpCEgFfmXC+yw5hX5hzXh5Ro0ClzWZx5acArc5mbpJSk3ytz2T7y97wyF4eh7QJemdtFnueEgjKXhXCfOoIyB8Mk2O9EZS7dR0EqKHPADkNvLyhzoe8llH21U+ZgBtMs4JW5xI9Tatt3ytzeiaLE5pW5IAvsfcIrc57vOkEmKnNZloVJIipzWZpmUSQqc1kUe9SkDsoc9HbQ3YvKXGz7JKcrp8xlfhZQFq9BmUujNKEO2UGZi\/04TgJRmYvivU+rXL0yF9rhfrcTlDnfdgKfV+a8OHCjWFDmnL1DHUydMhfAZB+6EmVu54rKnJt4kCLRK3MeYiWBoMxFWeJQJuFBmbOTkBpJr8wlfuB5sajMhYlPnW29MgeziDa59Mpcug\/ozdArc8B2EicRlLkgsYENJMqcE4exB0RlDoQRCH2ZMsdpPIMyt08Sh5HcB2XOy6JsnwnKHAz3mW2LylwaBJAp75W5JNntKcGiU+bwxYQnUeaSKHFjX6LM7bM4SWTKXOam7g7MUea4rzAqc8BzXWdSmQuhDzx\/UpkTBkorc7a9c2N3QpkT5pRS5mx7D3eeVJmLkjBlVIJRmRO+BqvM7eIwi6eUuT3+j6DMQT9NKPPsqMxlaWZTHGRU5rIwoSWDUZmD0Z4+eEdlLgkC4MUSZQ6ppq73uKSpfyp8fyp8fyp8fyp8fyp8fyp8fyp8fyp8fyp8fyp8fyp8fyp8fyp8f18K34T76dv5ZqH3EZLfAcMA4Z+nQ1KA8+VLgMAhtrvw9bTdhygj3rMm6dtkM4fsWhRNUkNY3romHNt+PY3gFh8duMVU1GoCylfQcGn7IJO1b28rsvYxQ0We+Gi4W5wzkyTNtFYODonYrP66clEKTf\/yPp0ED69+cISyNHi9fy7pPhrsRvS9lo6zV6Q3TLC+I0Z2do9PIK+R\/7EW+0JWpa2uyalLDNxjOHRhy8caxGzOyOccbTnyKvkTamaGz1opBNPa+B+Kf+ACVjWEu1QGZxLIPGZtMwq5FoikNTgKNND447w8ThMhy1HmiY8HhxzcZXlh8A82LmW6jbJqkjq\/tLJWSITPsMLQqt6Q6J8A51KThXf5fNhD+W7hiIcGJlWZgvpjeuqH+aohSD+GiGm+pya5yxF\/Qll6tpOPa5ArnhIstWb6hUteTj9s88v0w1NetrepnYmVxM2z9Qbjl7y10GtpXV2sLC+QQSkurvUXB3NJ\/tGKfjbhnS\/uUIuEManjrahdZa+GRJt0t8njjfzLX+r8rPzu3UL30k9d6sPqOlcp\/PbkpuPS6tvfLqiL4Qsbw0XJ0fGEPpj24FhUMeQr3zAfzAsc7k+OgCWz4aVWVRYfC7vS1Tbdpd30qT48hdcknHAz4vaGxv5G6v6Y1cVp\/mg\/07HaqjwdbKSRkIxMlotsMNtIQ6ZILNm4N22Ec8vURCbrzVY4A5knjuyJZjrmziFJaKeKKw2exyAtMrEd5B8RNpBo2LMAz0anDNMyiQhL8xp2ogaJiZzBu\/Q7BY\/h21N1geW43MnAmOg0zSwwP7oMd\/fngBEXk+PDM1kgODwqq+rzYXW9XGCdgAYuPqSnUwbKQtMMEwRS2Q3dPn57yBs4X+zUdV6aVrDPvi7mOwlt+1k\/1H4simMOAwHyYX04oPdSoGlhCVJah8vkqmViqu358f7le38mW\/FRPLT7Z2IqGNnELA5fHb5GUlQNnMVILARTcxPUOlRAcAutGJ7Aa46G1aly44T5\/dpC0zgH5hBfC1bXCwvcZSuQc\/saq19ZAjMVLw11bjn3e8fnol0nEvlI+YAy4hWfAR+wNotJx+lKmcB0slPw9DP7qEM7pMQ8HpaFhgY0W\/B61EARb9FYycOz0KEHLgLCGmgwauy06pAnPNKgQoMBLbJGGr6N8\/2Yvlxd5r1fV29W3D4GI1HBXU8weRkgSOkYZjr7bL\/nFGCvC7WkiQXQXOsMJJBNCzQBGYfA4LYjTipTrllCHBwzqzqTqaEJTxwF2rNiysLCyJ3UqDW9xtyG5yMdYoWZ0a+jU4IzvInHOA\/0YQp7PzGrHci1pGmNNMW262vbtZo6uYnMW8QtWcS926pCKtcoQSAWjWRjL1RtMFxtruBfXW6GohM6EH5qeY7MFkpgvZ1xv6Ojgkd8Fy2R+sakIAkKRbDu4VUxl6GhSeSg4RNMQ858lN1FKR60KurSDhmrBl1HZBi0kr51s2Uh7oz7ZwWjjqcFf+fhwqU8V8nk5wzrFTDp2D1\/LkagLQLCsNv1cbgwPcMfzakgzasRItMU1L0zkiq1dp\/S2mvqY0ngWkTlfJIVuLSC43WQUv1iwNcp3W1KhO5PxPsdQapXb\/cGXngcp17vciewbrwJoPAl2xdJdeZgL4JGLcu60S9Tl8vC4bmTUNvz5WnlYceK2\/0uCIVDzFzaxsKvibC91AqNGiAHPny\/gDId5aitQR1O9LopO\/G8VF3Ak5DmDUJETeVt9E\/HvLUoUv1atMKHVDezal6P0+I0Lc0O9qUO3FgtrjbweDNiDyIrcBXQcYoLS3M8ddI9pKzcvyEHCDz61A0\/bf\/RIF\/zDiXBpCMxTIfIMG18+UmmEC+gMeXKcLIHLJPCv4e1FaiEwI6wDLD\/YTusa8NsUzOmMp3ypB\/X52\/sviVDzT055ZdPVtvTihHqRRHDE8Xr3hRsbJZ1+IPQZ4zOPWbo8x9xLfsAsx\/6LI2EiR5WzsqhcB85ccA2SPOCd6rKkKruFb3f5+HX7Wg2GbEWbiVm6DzG\/0hpBq0Y2a2cMaPE26sTaeTGmSlD1NKL9lN+kYs4Ux3gZ+NzmC7ql1WD86QcroEkNDrZcSM07roGcH1xG6MxSm1pGhS05u3bUw3euPwF6IODGvmCpjks2y+OF6TwuKX5EnIG3WxF164lLiC6DrawRvE5uk5GttDJvGX7iAOxHtVH1mFHeZKEjIraHyKjPvkrspBsxltmW6Z5Ug53yJ3Pt6UaqPIqaualUze0uZY30LZ1HncM2e7PBeY4oJCaPV\/w6JonRQqmVpWUynHN+gwKyrejEzUUlsgcbTDJSaO6iELD7y+iHLQCtqiEwCQT5GoyQyqrxERGSKpbhxNovvR3lQX42NxU3THsk7pJxo5AXxpHfA7OiLsSDHWj6Xxf7gJBFm4cxZStBrauGYjB\/XWWym3WjWic4NW9BuMHWIsd748yF+POmlmMF3fK2LZKOoPy88k6QzoRUWZhqj+BsvFBW9K1\/VJW8WTbkcoi3V0pkhmzwjtt1O6EhVov1ZGr3huz1VlDw2o\/S4Cee99pLEfPPVNEQ0Skdmoyv7pHUyZX8g0uQbUXqSpDga5XlBmA1fN\/qn2K1XZ6skrRihw8uKkpxH+i5r9Ygf3L1sIg7ZLsFvs+k4B41zrPFRP1eK5Eo0tNEfRbFck1HRM2yUYh67kuZ4TPuRb2qb5nuRaiES2YBOvEn8iCQ9boja+m1IyUOk+yx95qqVuvqzelhz16gTNzmDgUUv4ezOLFmdW0PRqVHswE2exH1ESrCb2oB\/ayIJ36Yo9N1J9XdX9eb4+8frzkpYYb1f009ne\/Ae3f6zBWf5wac\/ALNU4mRPox21EZH6KCb6tm2Un82PTuoKgp1nXP7xJ4LN\/TiGZyAnXLJgVRGIQvoH6ZNIlQoRaDWmuoo2HCFlraN+wTQLgq2lMvkDWuYgSWTfdouBX4GuloZ8lCymFfgvKsg7pGA\/dXnq49pKfehGZotZZrSNKMa9LM20QrlDDFtaT9DCDu5uruS6O9essV8Dh6FiGPYXIqOq6m0ugiiyg8zFJewCMxx004e0uvvzhLhpr6GbaA8b0lwvanOW+hNpGllJkwYjtlXBxtzYRbzTVecLayerM94WW8+KjqOkbS6RRgyKbzR0klqP0Y1DxDNMswpSVLeeScL8jki8ypW71VXFpPaYbdC1ZYgtu0EcscSZkrKfMkZf5m9qB7gKUlAx\/rzhz8iCC1kZc7E+XuRLk3Ub5kQqp82WTgenMnAmNYbcQyR1LmSso8SdmCQSPwqSWDJvVmDpqgaG3EMkdS5krKPEnZwqW\/dNkvWvKy5S5b6rJlLlviiwaNwLcWjZpUnDtsgiW2kRQ6skJXVujJCheM\/bcl4\/5t9ph\/s+wNikOyf+GKnQ0qXPnCA3eDCleh8MDboMJVJDzwN6hw\/tdvFm1zXG3ul2+ETY6h3MQiVyzyxKIF35tgkS0ZcF9z5ph7gLWNrNSRlrrSUk9aumAKXlGG5Pnjx9VmDh4DvG2EIkcscsUiTyxaMNrj5bJktLjazNFigLmNUOSIRa5Y5IlFC0YLYL1ktLjazNFigLuNUOSIRa5Y5IlFC0aLkOmWDJfUmzleArG3EcscSZkrKfMkZUsWNFjEvnC1uQsaCIwL4\/uJRa5Y5IlFi0TvAtTLZG9ccbbwjWEGN5JCR1boygo9WeGCsWNswCVj7yrOHHsHdbiRFDqyQldW6MkKl4z9tEjjwtXmjvsk6FsYZ1EscsUiTyxaMFrke7JkuKTezPESsMeNWOZIylxJmScpWzBohNK4ZNCk3sxBE7jJjVjmSMpcSZknKZMPmnHJI4iTU1fWFCillhKGqFQSwm\/o6RBISzUl8o6WFgbBVFLCb2jpdKCZSkrdO1paCGZTSQi9oKWCUTmVZPAbWjoExVNJiLyipZQnUEkml8dyMzQISKiSDHlFv67xflJQ6jbcs1Eso0ja0ZF2FpN2daTdxaQ9HWlvMWlfR9o3JK0xBSFPm2W2IFJztjGI4NNuZKWOtNSVlnrSUgMO3fdAMb9DJw1pOXpajiktV0\/LNaXl6Wl5prR8PS1fSwsh4yq5EXrh0Z7y5fu3p\/jtAV+8J3T35+4J3f2te0J3f+ie0N1fGRECx\/oxk40IPWSyEaGHTDYi9JDJRoQeMtnkJkVBqbtqMaLj6Og4ZnRcHR3XjI6no+OZ0fF1dPSsi0I2V0v343uLzn4KIl3fTvfi4oYw2Lq+Gfza4kZklhlJI\/i1xY0g8Hd9G+itxU3EucFUxfnyiTpCgwaO8I4vQfDsDb4FeXFxQxgZX98Mfu0RYiwBvl8ixvY1Z4qxPZr\/RlbqSEtdaaknLdVaV1B0RiOLppnwkhHw1rwH+hXzEQULXVT7cU1GfthS9\/h\/\/UJc42dFI\/VtDasBIakjWRfUyHhDtaMBIpbTgZgZTfQW+XBqPm+CgtuhLJ7cQuM6rHBQM\/b+8ntMVol3NXKca1qraT8KOOFDf5dbGO7m7RE4rNjJ7G2rdox\/U4Wys26yOqgqtYsYy9BQHkA1L0NvaOngPINKOvgNve0M5THk6JBEjuf8\/Uterpr6GG85Wxqqs1kFwS9bvBIvoIal3gRJUh3ObItU2qw8m22M0eqQ\/y1MV9Kaul79phR3fzNQ239TCrq\/GSjrvylF3N8MVPTflMLtbwaK+W9KsfY3A5mW5JPkiODdpURpGzJR6rx8qxayTu8SSHYhiGeRkygKGINto0EtGYHRMFCm1bEOzPVlDyCaj9AXwNOG+A9D8I55cVhkLDe+EqZPMcBJZA7nUwMLH4\/Bch\/ahxDLbAD\/wQWK9fDMs+LEyFcywz1S4HiYLexPgD4yCJnUDt4QsugMyyuWCIwr5GVu+m7zll8wYvsnoyJpcg50\/IeEdHquUthB86FBxRAgHOlkC67HhBL7fxBK0uckr8GhZO7s7YfmcG4g2bAOH5QlwaG+CQ7MUuA6soBJDwCXG7iLgj1ile0ONPVx496HqD7QIXwMQ6HqortH7EjjKM\/VS7woLGUMjrq8EwiDh6735UGiVYVECeMociYxi0pVpgKwaejWDjlHokiGAxrbHylXGOmqwz4QMUy0MzuTgQxHAKr+7SkvmwtM2vEQwBnmtoa1zxA01xpytQd8gaSumgbN5fQgXuCHWuDdjbgCFNSABmGgj9fPyy8eCs7f0isEMbXNhtowg\/XhP\/EBhBa3PzcFEZ79uQcQqsNnuumgbmanG5JkF3I\/J7sQ7jUyJMmyAviM5WlGIPhA9Xuavy5BFHCNqK\/SlAo0vW8OSFacKetkKNcelVYvAvtvZuVjzLdKskh8ZqFnfFYWif4usRsdEfFJPcZ7lK\/ZEE2owb87NQzBVqyaMyiK24OibbE6ZWJGCcascAGd8VEPmqGSTOZZSnBn5zJhXOn7X6T2FU0tC+j00PhGg+RrgpON5J85Z4J6J8gMI4\/Eexw18QGj3KfM8DhBw4LJwNuo5wvwzaohGvEsLDjcM4Y7qmd+WsNA\/y8BF9TojUct4CyZgQKStIZp3jYTCAgyq+hCZIKuoe\/N9YzWgMlJM4C68DYz\/irJuNXDoZf+UtiCvGisM6hf6GRlRuSsMwHyUx8vBGgOJlXdZa2+linEC5h\/ZAzsi+sNZAwzX5E+sz\/n2sK1K4hIZTxV1fWfXIIzaud7kd+0y9SI0orM7LwMTUp4pxgWNCzVODiHghezRujCvqTXmBH2+JIU80SnO9YALfRvT6AtUNQV0yvMMXrC\/enA3TzgK4YJUNIaXiBovzjulsnYh80K13NpkU2LBoVyuulvWslUiehImhrfRy21vSqScDMvn2BxMXm156h4Csi4EG76X5HcX652hl3ruSpDZb\/668pyyOTWSOEbyPo\/lbni22ujTEe6EO4bTclNoTAt4vPMsUSrCQY8iuoMZRZyHDs56RFzgoXnUpd+8CbPu3G3\/XMK2lZq\/vwDjwxP9Tn6lIxEqZloObmiaI32n9AvkWGN328XyhlW19iNwGUfkgKcL198bOfZ+a+nbYjrabJPDTCs9QjBM5UOynHVBEmyZkwRX3AqEkt0QyOY2VRzO\/cXhVzJ\/G3Tuct3mgwYUvEo7KR6xjQakf8aoWOjdBD4ssAAE5uw+hGX+rNwrme0g1GcBT7NcFiXQqOikwS4Sm7E4DVvTZCSDUC1KDhhorTqX8YeaIR0oM5tihJ+sN\/UEPl9WALUhhWcs3RgYRhan+wWbitS+0SNBynUxjo9D7KsW3joOBvxXJEhVTw39I4bQ6vSTmnuUnmGhMdBs4uBqP6ypec3uB4m7Icdf5Ncmew03C0vSed8JGX\/\/IczTHOw+nKpYQbrxqphek1gap2r3osT\/Z5m213WWDrRF1adxA7caM+UpMglrpBEdk2rM8jLHzfEIVOkax8Y\/67qpQCjg1dqxZtV4FJANMxRvBkGSM1WaCtOohoe8wYZYRC+Jy6BHzBGELOSdATU\/JGTG\/migbqZnLD2BM\/QaqvjsYCr+Nq2HRj\/YJEIac8eDejrlLR4LqwzkIIgY2PwgT5x7EkjR1YpLCvDzdG5SuG3p2NRxf29Udc6TRadgaAYnZdhUeSXBq52wS+rKPhlBVpksGM\/I0GlTJCT8sqWlG\/QIbtZieVL+jzcdU3GvhiSzq5F8e3p0sBrWpnewh1QpSapISzZzox5ZuzXE5V1xk5fT6NwurRTSG6a06dRziLcBlllfl3B8vVLAzJogRoCi1w2tNVla+NbuZqWvqYr4NdIlaWjQeLRnNGQhGKczo37uZvsJnmtG1pfl\/Bx3QjRW1zFh83NubCqYVwJKF9Bc8MeR3mRtx+HFTFGm1Qmy441Y15Aab3j\/\/1QspvV1zO4FHlcw2PR9WLK+6lz55TnCHfpW0\/iFDWj3aq6wBqHHVhH2LTXGlrku096dKBTCUmmBirdhOG7ASXnGTBtvzoXVgZh2jC9vlSX66W\/WbyxiNZujz\/\/hzk7xEcLFvAVYMxf3UUWfWuN1A534tJ63vy5MsXenz+lSBI0seiqvgq6YLW6k3qQKGkVwtdkbOYz285GhjXs3edlvR07QH5cUOZzwWVA5vk6gyCDkMxgBt993aQ0\/ZwL1il8kfeDe0\/T5GTr5gTb+eC3p2sJXkFeoAwfTz80OqiKzgXUbQ6KkQaTd0gZscJn0+useLQrQTQjm00CruhE2Ty\/wrrNE1D0JrBznqaFYmvikUwnIWLStOEflCcaI\/X\/IvMj85k70c\/mrPefNhOuN3zIwoxb636KZ91a95X+ky6rTgJc\/TszGANHubyAzbenqhyVHbI8B0dH5dmPE6U1Ss1sTJ5APoc878ywxB2FBZ4\/Lm6jw4Syi9qEX7Y0sg+fAFpfPsmN\/yzZQLLaXdHELskJ5aDk1Nyu6+\/yyTXfIMnYmAswEfmgqDZbUm5Ln1hTj0i57Ik1+Uj5eQY+\/5KX6benpLqWbf3R5565I6u3fOJm+vCRKZVHm02PIW8\/lhxRtCDGuP0hsyr5WMaMpF8Lc48nejQJuHx7cqiRTPA8xWFjtgRmsuoalEc4Iyr2mU1VgXQQz\/3D5DHc21VeXq7tjUtYTV2A4zRdIEE9Fy7BSLGuibmzSCnKXfr30X\/625OXGmzBO+2tk6q2iQF2zB\/3AethyTYtKGDvOMi8YjV1QmfX4Ce5P3kVKxUeVUmDaCN9aEtXHfYi0CVHVJnyq9dpoRk9valW+iOC0lEjvduRuiuDSxR\/GyxkZ9Vv5Af4btv+fN9tfejgOEyjaDpuaj43ng43hd2B1L2Rep7L7zWpHIMrJ6s5fzYuo5dBx1apSd9WaXv7A1g127HUqGO06\/twIURutEH58XaCtYIBJ22xaNqZVI+T557fZ3r8Dz38kraYey4lbTEoI0WeQp7nUu40Dzo+k7awKjqLdPA16LkFlR1wobEJVvPiDwajjZi72l3oFoV7wZyGN8bXg+fITPbIh5sTjDs5kap2fiZa8znqxDTG40ljNTbNdXy3BzhaqTjNoVwIIZleaRczIZUhl\/dU087qUhUf2mSG3e4SEg4GOurdjxiUKZ+nr9vITZUNhLVcA9NEn+ZhSf9UE3QsbnJVrp\/iCHNbX9zAKppzIy2yvEzn6EFsGmC0uSkT\/mB0vCf3IOqRlZcKRcd+FjwEpoK4P9d4OWzQpdHfntrxppuKw+FSgASeqiKdCqXSiSU9pbvFRUfb35JGgPpjhC7SLn1pgS8I1WlkkVOjFVfpB3tgdPtnO6MiWhpTCalnusMMhyu9wn2l+3+eVOVW6XRo9manwtNCDN5a\/F7T5WFX4\/ttNV5mBgglakySrbH8Yj6wIViTmheFPQF9frMwRDM5QAfdgNpbNa\/HrXKNoDeGoC\/a\/uaEJpAqrJcJZRHP8neYShypXMff+ZFn2\/Zz58ncOepI9J2PTrqYmgFi05megimPoe09\/kk31sFIITicjX3L5t1CJefLXNUHBWpPYzOOjtrjZxqEP+HqqYt8sRwFdgC2EM8bVZq\/zk4vjnkuckDcqiWZ8egx4fwyGaP\/6LbWUXjo+wCcUL0\/U39bVY2c+w69\/Xx4hicXu\/UfvGfqx8oTLrvuiB\/ouylp1WVadTWhBFNhAy72GsVdJpBqVgxP4DXHMRCk11NMMnuxWnSTv2qJR2mRly83Q1+JsW5ns63KH6s2lft50GrABD1QI19WiX5Cx3GIuklfgmYyQdIxbpou\/bcKcTlcLHH+5S7AD\/UxBl8ce0v+z\/4aRZtnMgQUHgjBYW1Dx3f2YyHKvHJYu7brueFYmrSHtZf6rr+ny6wz+LeqPqyDOHRCMD6pK5Ae1ombhElClYK8OKwzO3OzYCyNi\/Sw3kPggogptGDTHtYBCNLQo9qERXFYRyDK9lTvMMjlYb3LYi+lO4iu7A7rdB+7u2wsRtrjYe2DIKApYy5zWEM72ocxRaNoLHBYB1mUBYAtjg\/rZA+iIGGLk8N6D9A\/tjhFg4myOJvyx8Y+y13yyacf8i\/pBsG2\/6\/9de\/yHxP6MMk8\/mNmbubAlP2YyT7ZJbbsY4I92O0z\/mN6me\/5gP+YTuJA1+U+Zgh3zm4n+ZjxPo6ZNvHH3IEdjALhY7pZmNHd6D4m8MLASfmPmURJkoofM4584Iof08t2wBM\/Joii0IXCx9wB9E\/4mKR\/wkUT8aFvEvQxEZz08dRORo92XxwdEn9+8P8sH3yC35eN1VxjuUl4iMgUbKYPgEBtElhCGR44LXYgTKcopDGdXk8rC2MfbTaiL4xGYF5gmHnOEcg\/6SH5E6rGY+VlW1dKMBK385VBUWz+MLIh+NDDYszqryt3syFy6o4KDULz4Yc8xlXUeY6by51UZ1dTCCH0O52D6wwAEro2HSXDLjRl5fpawCnTLONiyyENTaN7qS8uSKus56rT3b0Z2bQC216R+FQPfSLvq\/\/6tkWxWOh7Ol\/tQOq9xF+tWvZX2+tvS8itRgwKUCZQ9ENC8zBDNSQjLGBKDbDHYKBE6cBNTma4+R1LkLhjhxKnqUje2a3g1284kHF1kWiEho0kR3YiSXiXY6MnU5oCYUuS+6U0r2EX80DuEY30IzlXQD6BefLcWWVdJvBvvCrqkeokirJ249Gr2BqhWamP5tk90mb\/jbT8Ai8csco4yaNNyLHdQDfJPKPfTTF6g7ml+GOAuaqPMhZMn3ntW15OHT69XV1d2yIf0ezCuYPEQJ\/NyvK2B8ZwUTxEB45Brv4Z2DPXfhjq2dQUkiVNxLqyQabA6tp+e0IDfPrxnUECmf5hyNSVbdGvYNPGjdHtk9P9VLGNY8LBCKu6DPeYNpfDRrKA7emXyQo1WFk9YTIY\/CdKoPuO1Cozv4Y+OH6HguOHX0FWs+ArATohmYstdB0\/rDskcWD5BC1HhXxCQGhmj0XPGHncBNrEQ4MFzWCLZv3BbHN7D4UJHjmb5KGs2i8DPgKhjWan2UyCJDDQCA9tUfhi1EeJkPQpO2f3qjBq1VKfGB7yjxoAg1ivCi\/sj0q8bTVj50VMmaiYd7LilpcdN7LTbm87c8GWVBPAxo5ObETsnYA34upXHFYgxo6a1MSykOykVPR9iufCBk0I5A8OvKa+8\/x99avAnDf3HSRD848+S+SEZx0n3rSjAtNql4gKhZ8jiX9cDATxC3muhwspiZ03P++y\/HhjXQ4oBuBKgT+IXehyPKhTkyGEyv5vFLCYn9GmB5sN9UZMvVHnzYsVb6RC4SGneRfa21vyc\/y7U0MR7AuBc+gfZCf890ZuOL9M+RA11rXMSbQ4b0JhkPVHSa6Txhf7hFBs+DsPGSGepMs0doHwIcvrwdG7WzaDFcXXLUiWHYi95glKlyJZ1aeqaUnk+7cnxB4l0gRnXhnmd6yKw+UVcs0srdG4X3IgPdRPdHJN9nPT2Yvwl5uY50thpVU74UBF+Z\/0O5YynkR3h9jRO5hYCdK8QVdS6UaMlrG\/2gE8\/zRHPxmF0t4rmvORmWleVL9Owy66ga2mrtp+7FWzs\/dHqB+s41GJU5bd8st7sPr31V8IW0LJXrYzqw4Vb4PhUbYVlDet2pnpGBPtOalwuZB8F5zzYd53YYxdxKTyczLTGNpPyQ+2TU\/O4+gK1N\/IQ+bHdyxPfyUFMag32tt9FbXblI8f6Z89gxwGBUjNnA3KJj\/eRkFuhX6v\/trzF4xqLIMwZZM7LouNwU3N8oxANSysNMzSlh20zreuHSH+P+hQPjY9sToVRwihsDSH1VMHEAuOcFVDkD49c1ClNWyT0z12HFuPxKGaEuK+g\/uOunwgfX3WWL+olBk4IIXCwqYPCpPhXGCN847krxj9xJ7ev7i\/bXVZmF1BC7RBbPQkuPWvzldP6oQ5O8Z1cQpZMty8aMfEqz32Mfb\/q1+h5aXPdPDe8OLK\/ho2q+Qa54kVw99zWH+xv7pb++tui\/6\/o14Sr8rIO87HfeD8eFMwSJZ9Sc\/McY3xXq5zrVV15Wjfmra6TAWZPOOHFfoWCKwIxZ0pqTnzqLkqYvVR6agvrHPOK0ZFGmUTvXXvo79BXaNP4a4C9VJBIJ\/mXRq8uWf0LDktaoFeo6TSyv7qBc2Wbror6uaf\/FL3ZfizKm+6SAnqs4aGVOtCpMre7Im0d4Eh8awy77JjSDPNzzd6+Sr7cspb2bekUtzyC8M3TGdCjtqq+OjoX+viy3rYgxvToBb3q2vsIja2W1YpFIJgGfQw5c6rhIAWBtJKvh66M0T0e6PXPSLLrHr9Cm9goewaO2\/GV9nk84OiWhJp9DwusBGvA7lwkhFix86xvKpzzPuVCczEseLOUSs5eAYlsv2QCPXupbiGoD3BlffVbVYQNEiVtqpru8rLLC\/zVvmhs1o5+C6iY9KTkeHKHjUnuqVJgLaYr7rVVWECUdgFYcaf+g31c2FLWX0z40UI\/2VZPJiA1eLaMoQR+YYyXldT\/WOxk\/QpGsh5mzwq9o2kWxEFy0lbCBnZBdQvEyxBeWA8LGYPi\/2Sfg\/B\/6BMTogPExiUaSFZ2d3S4JMZdtiLpItK0lUDqf0fXuBHVoMzbHiWdLN\/2SJR+UaNtUlAAb84m2earf0MpC99DQL6vZ9KMRTdYFDqG\/rNqd1E4xzVI5w1YFSLJvQ6bA2J1MrYiy4XnahdOfN0q1ClWyn5GThDDp\/DxE9rkvuECN+I9WJyAql7lmbb4hBfDrzhLv8qTwp4qZZDK8rJiw0Rdb56EqyrXhigPmQ060PakXpWUI\/GX1WWLYjd7O0ZbTPL78bjM9GMEzPzUuZxsb3jUFY4SonOzmAb1Vn9Stfk7hUk9pr+yUO63N5MbS3zuIG\/lBt0\/Up5jqCvo8rtJPHw7LaFO30SLTYFdf3B2RE584x+tn3UN3d6tpVKEU5zxhiZnUBjpktPAiiqMfPFFmId8\/XUum3ZzjiaTELMu8O2uMnQC02TyfVEVkU+02cLJzRBwc3EuWXAGJABEAz9CmgMuzl+7bOPH\/14mUvix1x2D9Rjg+1pEC1HRDgmQflg\/OY23HDZMokwNmMIMahXuVEkag+kOYhrCxzZ+yY7RxAMObjKR1+VX0zruXQ917yeR9fzzOv5dD3fvF5A1wvM64V0vdC83o6utzOvF9H1IvN6e7re3ryeY7MfXl3z1fwIVBwzAsrTfUdi79lvgPik0WQQmgO4XCCokT9UZxYSAFwegJWyMB8c0Z26myl3htCtQuEzt+aOidwm8KBMMJ96SqONuM5N8KW0OadVGatn9EUFgt+TVOJLDFNlgk5I1B5Qpw\/BJRSWmVqSREmNKaMBEl+ejcNaxtNn0Y3vT818iPvQSFRCXhj8jfyQMlUKc8kCGoi+RFQKx\/ki1Pxb+lnISAZpIClT6dg2vhZqdJ\/AKB2EjsgEntxC6IGB7Gr6etrj83NraY2\/XkpzN5KkPPM94K25OvVFaYtPklQXc2tgoHFmnxXKPtETZNYnpRbqztVCz\/VnX26fL0bIeFosvnDBteU5fdi9o7qZ8c+qfOR9IpsHhXEBt6cMmjIVnEtcjfy8mLiRSOFeSPl4GenTJv5blOtW58yF\/udJf7zOMUH6vAlScrLazw\/UmvE5u\/D4Vn6f0H\/c91F9kafVE\/VNnvQebqoZfZS99vVIx5J4rsZGRolhkyuDT5OuvX2l7jBCjSddcuPCtO\/N6DlxkU\/f3WtOVuTuppSXT1u198ZWPT86WdwYCp8sZZDXzW2+B2sfikIMWHl5bLZjL7BwumVveZvNzRC\/gSGNbjRTQvtygh1800Jap7yleom8BSSEFAEkZKytSaQr6evllC519JSYaHckPOo\/ygtUPdJyjv1y2iuho8bfft1jsO5Imh1mrstrYESzUqthcmu18ZWbqWAhTQvoBUq1CdMmGtPWUIXqJuweBaojMWXV5s3wxuuCh7\/HQLncx+ituS6X5\/zBIMFkn4WDljJDF+gG83L7pH08Zq6grJSSxFOq7hXIJ2NZYMNQX3epoa3PfPkJK1sv8GuV8ueH9eXltth0mBDRUaUnYRdEysNm7z7WM5u2nzPmcx1PZm78puKXSVQbzXcFUxgbUiwwdsRDfZnpaq4Lg8JcPQ3RPcVjBWOVydiXslCB0PBnW4ME6g1QkuzCHp9rbVohFsdxt3nXmg4PHzaVadp3UYjChl7E5PAxHWqbYq9Kh9gPdT3DqdeSmMXVFjMaFJXVNFPWEZ7HOP7zjOADPxA8qmmRA4kbQaAM3ZkD5UaUqmHmlvkNK10tkiJ\/hcuslZ2kIKJo9O8T2Mlz\/v4lL1dNfYyFV1e76JetfBASPyN3hgwwNeb0Wll4yPPdS5w5malPZwTdS7IctyC+ScKwFagMXWw90uC6EPTzj+0Q55leq+HXCGQRX3OUNOEJ4\/lbp+oMLfh+Kaoa1mNJBn7bjO5ogcof7cF92CyGqEAxrXl5ZIN2AzpMtjcAYfgMFYy0qwpu\/mPmHBnYpn2CpZ0wpE0mxo8kE+NHZrgiKL3MgP3KgZNM1EdVvnerHOdGG5Du37sYQ+o+v0v6SjC0Y1D3H6Y95aUh\/WFHmQv13RB7agQV\/cZi8dmcrCUKTnOIzwptllJgYTVuPPyM3C\/U5suJnXROuysOSGX5CJj9TiALaeumL8nlGyymL\/ITX8YKaAxDW88L\/pan\/8+3J\/IbHUyvIPmwnqYSpsgqtbA+N\/OqFPAICovef56rZ9MTXWWX0YKOLybQD+P7BJqgkdukz1zzRDzUnS+4UE6pJ\/qZEpbTgsm6h0Y\/X+plbd8\/NhUMnvHg5hKRjk5kChL4aW8RfJmKmQ4JmjWsbaKVdTeksraOoIVv4EOAJOOZ6HfqN+NIqwRHNFC7P7+LhwPIWnrf6o8BLLz0Hx\/PetIiFjiWoZ+82OLLxBbfSELWt3XXpjJtY0Aoa+GF3LXg65rvRc5h3NiSoTr2o4baZxvZPpLaiR3CXjKC6QyA8mRYik2MKtwm7c\/4scQA8P0vHSwdOMI3lIEp+S2fhV3Wf8AzuGxJVhj8\/44F\/n9pSRCItl1mlv6thP7DynJYpOTKDp1pIzwieut7R+47ob7Z9PaX0TJWQJhab6NOjAeDg5qk+INEzhMIFAQALcDwZxytDt7VlpgK6Tt2De4QbucH\/TOdEnII1hXWAL6z88RWn5qMycETd3p+6H0AWA+UuWygXMcp6NRyqxrElpuhzc0UMGUaT49D1uyX6dTCM16+mwGcD1l9eiVimM8m3MwFsqKPr5qCmel5RPfj3QQ\/t89cdi6+PRUVQLyGz1pmjACnpzUIBYNh9enpWRLT0YdwdEqimFvMoyB23KnwEtZcx4IjoB6d8vMZ1si8JIdGmGNDNBk7OeOHoY\/9tLoayLMDNtun\/0Z+rvDPp830DCFAQWKosX8ZZ8l7pm7X8Z+ISX6xAvuXLfqfzTMTKrk4v6kmVYjJxSx9\/2jqQ6B015d+MjYIffz0t6yuzjfZZP3rFwvdHm1+ttXEc4\/A49\/nCzRjx\/D+QT91eTe36oSg2ymmcywQ36jhxEHTKLJuNop2U9i01rG64w6GzxyMOVz+O14Wg48al17U5lL5up+aypeGBTJwVjEE+ehuDAVEBlaFk12\/i34bGFsUJlVNLaUJJ3hyY7RyXPv8\/7f3JTyOI1eaf4Uro4FSNZmmzspOoQrjYzyeMew1xruLNdq5C4oKSaykSJqkMrOaqPntixfBI+6DUmZlL9qGXUqJjPNFxIt3fF81NBH2yalP+5TkT6h\/Mgou8WkaxFf5ECfEusKIKOufMLWnFWsrP+zmgrSgYXikGQOG0XJ4hwyKQ1oCk4RkzlMakYZEiYZNzlAvIqaHeVGxKLwVGasnhfaOzFqSjUoB4OAFaj18d2bM\/Q1+HPzHwsP4W1\/qam5fyzPqpTzzJad9+2SSPd7NyEeIFA2e7jBUPvXN8W6GwVfdM7vJzh9a6hU4i2KNPZpy0ig7pjPdMbFD++ic1trjYbiXxGlSWAV53BTIe+8rvu\/0AfXvRMuUH46K2u6ejqhE745z\/7jwj0u\/8PPUP6f+LvV3O3+fHM4lmkpz+vUF4lKmjU0YZYEgZekmaShg3I6HjNybhi+kfKpC2stYatWNnvJ36B0JYvEjP8mKc+3\/WEdbrIDfT22Xfb+AHdY9YWPQJd87LqjhJrqYUn+sphKb\/zDz9IOqP5YD1gueQkPyxLCcFCuzOpf7KJZrEDAw8E6BY6cZIQplAMtDK2eq8uy8aWISm17zk6lpAgsjfmX4FqVpUlRJpWhodQbj3peG2viW0o2PXKmMkRjaTPMX7MBVICrwmiIJ77pFgq8dgvzbXUTYiHpR3vTN+kTUjiiuP06gLZN7imRcTpiuyhgoUPAZxl9GO65aAvIkARw9QJa4wBiuqDg\/lxn6UskvdEyPntnG4LDM65yupjN8iD7o4GDU+2rXoY42wfqiKuwnePzpU4umWhKNydV8KoaiqgzybvdNubVlIY3zIloRf2O0jP8Qx88+OEN8t71N6TcD97QBSSPtrznU+WPY4cXI2JBwNDD8nGSaWwODqrWnvJTrRUteL1qq5fqEsrMMOAe3jbVKD5S43zMSPW0fZhMDKQYOyQnboSYyDZ+v1i38OfM1JuWFOAOMCElcEXT31uHjkdqYWCgCZumZ9xVHm45UAOgpHqrHX3Qk3lPddHSLw9c8M2odUS\/y4abiHiwZQdlWxJ5Fgw5L7z4vu2tRKs1SumsZgR4sxktt5uEfZLV7g83H2djDzz\/eouIjih+oLcotFU42k6yRZriJKJoE0D\/XMd0ywsaflAvproG\/VZ+fy+kLqxOWGz9\/xFodsCNMsn2xu3MZ7KOqnlqYWMkcjk65a1+PMAWJ8v32JNWV0DFbyUW4571SzkV7UemGMcth4af5E9qpK+2mSNJu6gouM15SP\/Pf59nUXKNmvBNFZH93QOlKr06NdOXodExFcclbXtlz2cq2OneupyjbreKL1qt\/2bpObBf2qMMouXzdJ2MXPjNv1it+l1TxNa9v9kIavhWB1IzMy12uoHSirqDnIsp2tvqKojiny4+C4WnskoK65V1pW0QFBZR5DeEVs1tgZZUWWJXy+xfdKb5PxbNoVQMXQlBEYNXG97F3OJhDdkXvwxKIOECWWFRW8jgEcqb4utPGV69rXy0LvtUd3ELjFg47HMcqHCY4kFVlzI22PAKmuPAtVMwrm7I3Qh5P\/8WXftqtE3nafno\/lnkKXNjRlqa9pzdC8byWbY3SYVcP0kKyEVLDJb85MsFx+LlgxgV0GTdLEdBgaX1y2xu4hKG12UltyyKbTYVSFNfW9zx+jB3vdHF+zmon+wJ+Q5AoJVCGaP4JtQI0u85FrrU5CCh\/S1d3iGIUSGYbvzhC3dNOo1yAg0\/maNM7snqPHUtioqjkUEbFcQy+epxGp+Idxu3y5+vHJ39xC7TOzOlFnlkBy63\/Yf549Anhrcr9owgzFQ9AXrVWeO6Hp5ITxNB5ICNROhCox0kZp8hXiRZIn0\/tOuDnw10cCh48gsQt2G0rhzLabur8HB9bf8+dV0RZ8MXMrtYNxE1SgcxkkIxLl7pNsoPivae8ZNJceGz0PpxWoBwLMU56mgbxMcoOiFKddFVBEw9pAgLaWOhdKVxnWb2LfKeoI40yZGmwFqLMYd8A3jEkMfyet3WKphYYs7p4jg6k4OaDovXlOUWldfNpuzruDn3chjTN9dwyYsVRQxHWmG3QcztRfDyCvrtaDay1GnCeS\/3Fix8umRojHxeFlPQDI2C1z9VY7dJQZD50+SZcS0iD+NuejXvdNB3goc6aC53yQ2mcW56yiVk65NHugCqljMAkC+kbLmIIxWthbzkLgxgf9IjiOi8DtN+juMalBMAyBmJHHmaulx35Kr3JCSadlr5S94ymOyRGoP5SoI+TAwxOBvBGk3sJ4e3aW1oWhEPUkaocCBfRlQSbvkAhS8mCBY0iVdIuz1CjA+w1vU+zuN6o2o2xHAUsLBvXK36z7TL9vlGpRmm0BdwDyWGsT8poee36apLscTqlg9et9GTRnm3lk7vM2zHXRBvJ9jOHtY2ZaiWDaYXDr7zhK6PemD\/mU9ZG048wCW1lTx\/2x+NreaJNx4noGWWRyXSGbKt9jkkFMFu6r+bMGnhitWwbeizBthxxQ1lrnlYEjbTTrYnxlHqfCJpaL5c4AoORxwAkaGr9w7z7QdMD70aAjbWwjEucOj0DpMY+Lc\/jIhCS46fMu6lqC6hO1sZ6yxtZMdPpEKp2WXMw54K5Qm0pWd5YhGCOsTiR8h92jVphtTeFkcIOaaMMV2RHHqvmzEDMLUa+19gMrZCRXUgiDunq4QvHMHJtI+q64bn5eIQN10DhvkPBE9o+JDVObus+48KxleVuvqEegIs9TghBZZ3EUSpe73r7MsGKirIvOJqdj9hkVvnNGp203T+x3V\/IQYSvcPNR3WGMQfttQ\/e1NBsbS+yYDbGHZ5Dnds+5S7mRP7SzUVBxTwvN5fOSDQsUYxI2LLt1Ww+866aR5BqPxJwOkQR9TUpJZN4gKVUwrUtb4UhyyRY+l+1czhko0hT\/pPw4KesUMn6pNkj8YXfHvKrfUS9M2QHlybEhe3m6OWcJEAYH22SX3HlJlcOFQ68VoNLW8BbgrHEmKlSQ\/sUbur5wRgsG8XJ1DcOOdmCLvKwtBxYy+RkJ5HWI2x67n5uRpVVus+LSAdUa7IvGHt4kWSOTiGBl0Hrwy\/m5bsQoY8O7xLzxkACgIoAw9Yp4l29GrHyWJeD2DkUw4ZIdhq+cEzoYq5LR1aNsN1Q+OPU6yIuh5uG3rpf5WQF5Iqlmh+KkSvKMr4vpp1Ab+XVUfVEdVaieqKKdhVnIz2WM9NOwsJaKU75DZIuFNegMdyQtMyprtI9i+y6VEN8Jk0tFcBR5+uWQZ+9CL\/SHuPsAHzBTL8SR8PiP9lMYfueHHkGlsJSnZ1TGSSUOpfMgVnUEGsXOusNxGp3pimXSbKwb5\/PdC7gpcsiY1pQMDjnYM8j\/2W2JNqHBvRsmmI3NTxw6BjB06OMEbKAgmVXdXLZ9tOUl2V\/L\/AB2iWHg3SICtEWKDXUv7ylK6hbkpKp9y5dgY98Z6jfhsGR5UPT2b1UYlLH7WD+kkFjAflMkmejuDE7R89SDxQa01S2e0FcaiKZ9tWEBZrpYsvpcZlNVLNNPeX4yaROIEU6IX9LrakvqwmkVMRmyyXWvFIA\/YBxpxmaIa5Ym4olRKbd2USmuxwZuS36ui7ONqUoMZ7vtjWsDJeSYa+BI\/mgIg0yy5EJJk\/3MZPjzpqEf1t9CnARDuKXPFUZIcmuUGpyM1CZ9gTenIFO4rbp+m14f47tiXsYeOq4NZv9cV8QjX7OMHlTpPZyZPbIqEIAks71pcY4e3e44n8rTDU2pCi8itAJLrHNcm3kbxTR\/uuAwAF3l4SSEiDh5BuHLIUBg11tCRz6oMkXpWDoHD+LSUPOn943R1tQ+CkuseoqKwekUGnplcs25eM+Ik7IZB4yBSaGPC8bke3u5xVsZhwL+dMHbvHi5aBztBgea4ZkPJafIF7DZWhhJc6y1lht7NXLsirzSuGiEjWTxAnghasgPRn4k0Cqrkebtdr301byMI8WickgiITjYVrHVw76QF0jSfOLYkjQcm5ytAHAV1UgaChuCJjeGPC36Q7gpNZZgW19DlkyF0j0DViIzhGJjSjDz3jNNm8qhVRQPq5qC6qgRfDPXiiuHM9UuIht0ZO7wHeVn0jTE26nu5+TXPkSdVKnzehlCUWmfl8aDuNQ3Vjwh1hefEEv9CSHlgbFIue0GUO\/\/1TjlON+topqHR6fwfpApH1y\/raFt6s32pbJotXjAbxrhmIlU9po6mhcYfriyOx\/gmrLsU03FYCwL7KAlDWHLOkjnV82XGY9ka6NE2MAeaAbZKdRrZPpqHlcjNeI0yR4qX1ksZuySQ+ToCvSixhQvb5O1R\/JTFM5QOfyE3QptG+kWbS4N87DGUGurJNJAKhZ6cM52CMM3kyb0f\/bYijdzpbu275Jt2rHbKX9OKYkAtlu7gQadLYse3UP2ZtONMtzlhUJXVPp+D1KnWn2tV7KRohKp0V6YNA6b8AFDFp21ElueM7dDRLFcTSHJS9eJuNSKUp4zj8MonI9M4QdS1QdZZt8AWEgMwOyUSIZJ01YMv\/pjm+IAWWyTe4k1tgVXUe2DcriSDvFWdR2Iygd1XguV1SXYy5eSoA6HqHhcsWdnmg9Zg\/tcHU7CRW3MtLwa+pvMOescH1dxYMh9I7Q6ZR0bptyfENpZNVZ1cuQH+63LNRzQxSa8cIV+5caZWQVr1fZHNojnOtqS6LV9ntdWZg72QcUObDK2v\/qeCK3GVN6O1waHrayr4lK8xxQdULZTN7RVuQTL9oa7soXslAhAFVJUCpa3QqUf6YN+tf0yICdG2\/zsBmlAiiWqpA1Uhioo1WT27+q5xuR6N9WTCSh9fkk0oHOwpbG5lwXqycvRhOvhACO+z1beBmlN8sg8UgmJhXNML5RXo43Mu35tXVzeuEA7xUiNjjmTlwf2LWM0Uye+Xe6psY40MyyfUH6+YJoqmVRptaGhVmVarybU0mZdsCXTeb66GM66VhaM91GTMcRwYggovx\/m8VF5wy1AjxWySMZ6gHBp3rbR8CwRjegqbrYsrxmiAPXJZ3AtoqICItMxQA66Mjtn7Us7UKkVqbT\/Lqc2NlrS7B2qoyStmqsaInDJHWWClYEcstdwqiNYxInyY8ccIOBn3VJIMZ0llGdH2Wj8KjZ9urvrXITt8OHbog25sFDSBWCxTEF9XiMtgFdymnEVdYl4l0YdcMU+2DVfvXrGduwGu0mpNJqQXUvYf4kF9Hsiot97c8aZuZgaDF4LyU59Gyp36jo5IXhStnRgaQQt21EbP9N\/zbub5iGGe5fS0IiXDdZYaevpeYoekfGuKcPMMhlHF\/L759ykZ2va+WmIddF2dqYrRIB+Z+H4TfaJxRsB0laBFqwHHPjFBSio1EhdA0GAKo5cIy+Pq1GuvfiB91wa2Gnk1u1L9uHNtfz+Bs0Fc6I3KuYYmKs0KiqEtxr8ydJu33Gt+9qfd43FYhHldEzcQxdi1JVU54Wh6QDKVB+\/QUycW\/8MPME93pq+t7ubuFFZejWavbbQdpuMIEL5DAZzQStzI1iwqKzdadTeSpsyXpJXDp2K+osCd1LpcHMCs9EK1kghgUF9TNCTnSZfogJF9TuipyRp6rfKCHZCYWVkah3yC4Gg1jdkTYq0gWXFMnQfWtPed8k5uSBbgsP2zkr3GCdKinaokV77R17kUVnm5Rgs1PmQEQbt6dIKwvniBqOVNjpQVIXwzPblRnRl6gLo1WmKIIGEFooxO62G842Vh9DVcdSvRjNR0ZANsNR0RmFUlw3zh\/UHi1Gm+\/0hfDzqUpDsr67MfYkfRA2jpm+E4pWigmupIznfRnmK0uugumi5ADXcflqGMM5n3TIJysj7LmK9V5Pb6rBlIb+hPTDDakNlYDJCWJSQ\/aMROl\/prlZrg6q4rpbO0bd1GBp9Q76VKRZmU4s0TQzB0Rb8I6ioaAR4Xd4ZY3H7dCOJzv5qC0xCR4\/AuU5IE\/wxr0OrlK9zCCrW1WreG+qTg6oY4x18YyqogrmZNKL8OMGRCHjWGAwbWzQXBVZMG0LWcZ7nlmMjf89pbPBe6GuJX9W\/+spgC19r+vfVhnp9VLuvTXmy4KqwI73AhgJfjyjm6xG3fAO4EyswRRrBxeZZcQbcJdW7uzTKDu+icuqTT+dyOm1YC8sdq0xGZbQF4ndauZQ9oqgT17KPDJXsI0MV+2hq36l9RHfPg0d6w5vPwB77NGqeT0Mn+ixikk+nTAzR8bT3xZeZlH3xSu\/3Vp6pgNOHfQP8jV1FwL7dJY0L\/lMR7T4VqgBmfCY0Lu689hWT0t\/rjklGqegazRGfcHdZDhtcf8zhk31yP22kcKz4leDogzoz5TlE4U8SxxJs0TF6TKC5GrZlUtgzd+2zTA1rX\/50U51I69Fpi3Y7tLtvJJmzfPK4LP0W3yKYNCDnqr2b6kRSsegaexZpluBi1J1KP2d8JcK8Yd4I1fUQTDUcHgf+zpvPw1PlxedtEgdb9FOCync3cz\/0Q3829bZ5feSgOEhJ+zKnQGBDKWLz399BX7\/W+fDgbMMt06\/u4NdiKjwFRuuIrZ2h59oap3sjIoEvvbUbhE0jozwOIFwldEGK6dsuiwzajAa08W6g0Do6jIe243wwlsB2zqHpVwfmvia+3VUQdhgRZRcu7KBAtFKZYHPgQYDNoQS3s24G8\/CrLsD3oMeefAFIG21rqMhjO6SaxYCN4gpGw9f4xqnPtTwzeI+9yAYhHh26ffvpiOSQ\/kr8RhFMBL43MADQhOp96oG909bJE8uT3ViJOY\/0rfLCamVEluaw4Q9dDuYCdgWAs9DNDzmX8uyeOpgvFBIy74LkKXRuQt7WdHa7qChQVEJ83x1cDyHMZ0N9R3QskaoKDwf1NXFZ4O2VfJSmvRKgu2HxGbFu8yepeZJL2gO4wisBUXPZ3HPHZGZs22xtJFGS3jejiBN7pARO6YdCwF4aKXkV+fqHKKu+EitTH18OYxwQ71gkG5MP3h9TdufzpHC+7WPv5SVjYIZhV6zg4vpFojiFFsxVg+gGt1hvvGWODBMI7ecKRWV8VLWGY6Hq99mZBCdelgMjYamU04qE3wQRyjpDW02LiWcg+Ql3onM15c\/60bZ1R+Oa4nMleqNnSm\/0Zwz+6ZY0Td4xZIh8BtF3yhD5fOhA47kzOPSMxNACB+W3gi3C3W4MWgUfQaOtR2K8+bC+VdsBME+cFcMk3s41qbJi5NFC74ijugUxkl+1xmjLnOzW\/aNwt6Fsp3\/vE5dhO7mXAzUp7zPUllwk8cN9u7GH3ow9Dk14QHw57IE0bGw0ta8cKMKpAnx2KLZa7gxcGFhj30rUoqX+pR6Py4EUnKtU0LUr4iGtbm4iA7UQBh9qkQ6CROoZqU74V8VPGGJjiDZu4QkHNBtZfdlz8NTaQ59OQZ2fyyQ7fJxA\/lX7I74fo7pq8BpKUnyrUBt5yTtQUJBRe+3rxOklrX1pYLVt7U3WSZZU82uu+Rpim5WhqK0MxGQpp+o0FdX9lcR51pgX\/TFKcGidkuiXPfEU5ExUAyCxFqS56\/2CMRqFtlmXFu2y3KZccXpehhydHaHRaSNUMQVZy0RBAKCIX2PgdfqsEC1hcxVgARdwa+OvodviJTwIn+Cd4YC6ZK3QrE\/awkCV5M1uwYuBDR8XGDK4rliYM1rdZDb78l8QEpEXQW8oq4a9UV2iqhFGh2z76Zh0n7ZZ9+lz\/9xPx+7TQz6dcrvueK9pdWqCoDq1s3JnMW1SB+sGFwJox0IR+Fu+HAKMLIQzWujJVrDf7cVvLXUEtFc\/K1rpS5UruVpDB8\/LJ0UeLQbf391t0T4vkfp3Qhxhf7WtTt4dNkK9O87948I\/Lv3CP6d+nvr75HAu0VR2gwr1ReH3pw2f5qd\/qY0liXwMbuMT06L\/Yx1tseXifmp79+4F2joUvDqRq5ojthGLJWHISrHEQWJyRVcjCc7HQBfAGBADxABURK4hElTGEZBx1Ul+M72YNPASDj1FQ+lr8ViImTbI\/+Vax3OUq0gQDFzl1SmAZILq1d2EY7i3usbqL1sGcgvKSBleFyFSOIiUDLHWuXvSHrfqpuFu7qyMSusi12WyG785rylsKnmeVi+FSjf\/hrvxPjpdA7EVbAhKxNZx6JqLue36+sYQrVdZfjQU65glBe9zkQf7KMVwMXoK4I0tWlBbiXeTXQA9pzalw5GD0ksE6EIggas4BEgvWo+1r3oAe9R08v7m\/V1Kcf+q7TOFTvnDXGaSnt\/eynVBJdmCRpakxcjSbkwTaVXSfL5U6v1i0ofVRdTD\/v93WEH25+vHJ3+BA0IZMwl5ZoUTLT+sH4\/+LVxKVROBoz8lYbE2ppvudXsnH4xiHR2QDKlUMPWYrsvdRnooo+2mzs\/xsfX53HlFlAVfNv1dzdScK9zxAvUlD1fhkVa7s6crCsVx9JUm8TFUxP\/Yzas0CKvOMR1diva4fNkl4ylJ0yA+Ajhse3DCtqqqxElw0hs02PqDxRIHL4RdHBOsGiCxDb9jLAZ2ZMgXKgiXhY4u1BYjzUhAxB6WWqkLiRJUt\/x6Sb9aI5u6MeljQ01BiCfhVVwxVC9Ne4VCIpR9OpSNKFavCQOhz9gG3atOX5Ka0kHP6oN85uqmBrqA4G\/CcKloK2aztOaZEKxvKmaAMXSYPzeLAQyd1ZXFHSesOknxXAUsVviiy8eIzyWMwO+grg3hSMQnIEeAeLPqvoGSY5BH3HD62885nDnkaz3+bHWCm1TcuFG8anlJ7O+94dWcmS8jIDAyL2dEgtIVURYj5A0XdxGIcHV6M4RabVPko9N2UsKNfBvu0IFifCaTCwG8UVnJXaDtNuCrx9RXmxL80bbX5VK2v8K3X1U3sJfY5gmXgZBLol\/Ayzd1m3eMW7BmFyJDfolFa1tnTveFbZ11nWukWi2XJWapQCdBnvkSFVPV7NdKafklj8U2j6WblGvnsfSTbZXHAp5PCwplZ9Jva\/rkMd6xa1Ai27KvVKcgyw+pM8f0wnTNWUyvg89pAcR22Zb8VR2cqbXYXZ2L+VXppdseGhme2+fGkSu3L78SuTJxn19Mw7t5PYLddnwG8tq2C5z50ir2vTrhMhSKsM6+OYqV701ZadLHxgIsFT\/obfnRHSNnRdTilZqr3Cszf2QUQa9BX9c36lMXC2PEcJdxMFoVPR69XVIUiX\/rrweT7ycbPRu4lirB3cdI2vMjLLN7dav+MZ\/P5hPVWduY0ShHtAy4Pr1ITzdBKdsu9wlS9Ci4137IvHM68vho308Td+7fxfq7qSwTqwt70uxx26jCoPA2xKF0I2+KvPJNz2ToYAFhx7+iighjQcY1vKHDTwNjyll9lpSWUQEzdVgJ57oVAu4WYzjdFM095NdDP3YZSn1KkStjK+6IfKmpLs7qYl4yorZM2YSGufdrb3nRtcU4w1UZN077mc3iTUXzlMRjPF9a0SnNFWRKtJlXq2t3tEf76PRx0imSI9mUmLKOeZn8BHgAitI6K\/2QgzK+rrjMq2okUxNYUKO6TJ4x8qsQqmC+ey2n2mIbAWy\/QkVUQppDt3D7nArLvZ8U7HWETyKE\/giqD6FYiaqOgfY6eMhN+29QJTukRNwfiu3w+e72SVnVYBVOd43sOh+a3Y6nKs4LdJUgzd64xviPF5Z53DTvpy22X9\/+wStpb3czjbGv\/33XjGFXYG0Edi\/ZCYM72ISFEZPx4MDU8ewQ27yu85PcnmbXbjnXJdnGn8qkhsV3ymFd9HWX6UbpiBFvtvNR3LOWuYZUfyBcTTMPAoK6yeql3It0VktZuBGjIC2VqQaDYIv+d7lXXnDei8QYprou8XVwA98pknJREiMPIe97c0l6u7AYTslup9TIpWIvRlbicbwkC2VHExqrlaJbJfE2rUhIdyejhWWX17T2kqAS4li\/qFITHMujNavxHiuLdku0rs58vZKHHLIFcKqUWX0q5WZ8Wjx4t7pMWAAmC5u42vyNd+D6+qoBKhihqZkYL1ZyJjNNK8DK7HZJIm8tHRn2mJgC1uNhFfUGlUqZIC86zHGxnT1PhlAxKujMLuKE7pKFqWejoP9bcEmXlvbVnx8Be9vqlyRgh1l5U8Tp9urQqzCYD\/VIyZO1r+gQuWDPceNs795otMMuffMJ2xKtidO7kmW823Ye0VGkxk63MQ1DkjJH8FxaufdxJBez23zvreaQ18FSxTA3z\/62s7BDNBAhzKUEu\/zmY5myuJi6RjRdw3tuQ7qkmRynpdDCXrxuXLuuLXVjwgsa5UBUQwkxKoQrG1W3HtSUX7ogGZsJgoB4\/pTSY4t\/VZfUxwjanw4Qn2YP9cwnJqtpUfuHBIv+kLTuTBfQ5aBpGNh4mgJtPpcNx1gXunIV3rVezYEu07Wv1bUPFlwdthlfIO7OGHlXsZ116ePjsNd8jbLpSqAmJrLbpyLKDo+5LqtchjPlwiU595kGTN0S0SVuPyOeKKWoaBOg64ugBCUeSW1tDlphl589Ilm2y3S1TY7FcvSpfbm13uf7oP5SoMa6g5pCuvYMGcPa9uPsYpnEqYGfLbJWxTTbBehp\/nr+ePRXS5yKK\/GqrDQCVKeNyFSpijcX70hydNnXvTHSx+UwPeHGcclpox25PZlLZdUHnw2RGtYbm6mkPhBBImKWjmntwyNPqhV9Uo2KYPbeC9HLGxvuhur0+sRm1emFic2qky2xWecF9du9y+8yY\/0undQf7hC+GEE2vQhOz42ErIPE8rU4T+pffe0d3NcG2\/ra+4w9kR5DntgNtR1FoyRlOYBzDSf5qnIPfwaEE+AlPp2CzwYbEDyDnpPa4jH6iqx5LE7zCrlcpYkfITmdUFklj+iespHsk2e0GxAMBr5kCvxNDpzw+MQjJ+wej8Z0BrtQaL7BEggP0igdGoPddUpaFcHo0BTuWtYls6VQh7BzhUbksCyt2z6pE68736ZiBVI9oNeBZqBo4ZgobxYuGf+Rw4h3LYIbld9ZIKajhwpWESHlawd9KptJipBIlQAmmA0xNI4sLex\/vyMpYcwaOSXZuzW4W3xsbsRLxgtwcqIqd611+FX3jd1qE25BpuWnpFpUGCsNzXShWHSQja5kBVSOzauK9SLmjwJg+whjjqm2DzA\/Xx1pQAUKS4pbchDyKfXtvmpPWGESyG1peUvL3+7x6AUkWGHqf1iHSpCi0c2wypRS6bPSWthTzw7wCC77KqtNZUxyUu5PhDq3Nya1NzG\/NyExLdVvOqurZCD7KwxFZZE\/qrban3ZTeT7nYkUSOv1+wxu+c9iNWcBdR2tXdy1vvSEkcknmIJGEp2EDvWxrb3\/gduqlaqemTrsQzjk45rAhDGic1JYq5WB86sQJK4\/+AMg7tb+uKgtnYG0lLGguxfEowXMVwYzqHOZhgGcfnN7H49Pjv0lDrpy0AjC7WskJCb6QEraApNzOBUlZgmZAi8q6ExL44MSjo2s+a1zlI+ZGl+bdKC6RhncrlH5iXfPOmhoUBeuhhWscTInT63WRQT4EEqHZOhx4z3hOotFToscL8peGw1Yi\/HBrbNpj4ocfHF7ubZy08joPFfuhgIGAH8f7rwbojZFwKxo\/dWMpzCoHAiZVeaCCyNY5RgWR6\/SK5S8sfQz+qD8k5qFwDRqdzC2\/anTVf+d939VOYTPYJ\/vzo0f+PkYtzB01mryVjKIH56tzvGgPip1sxpZytmqcg0MTympwwfGKdzspMOwhLYfYDRyckud3SeZV5WHrS9Usbx1+51MyO3WqM31UyT5xbXX6W9hy8dhDqcvnOdmlRtV22lxRsEiFw22pM10wjMf2zl61silZzHOVKshvCfT3csdVL1dY\/btUI1pdR4fBu4ywtX3gNRttx0RXlxDeJ1dkNMG4difzWPVBeswJc91+RR1luLsKj9\/Yg+sujfrsqdH96U8uxjfJTBWxrXBGudUKm16110Th7x7IlTtg\/v5uFq6+m15rE5eLJj7DcLNBew75yLthKq9h1BwucHBckt0Tny0Xuu6uZSiwRS9yxONSbMPKv4cdVLzxXrEGsonReuQVC8cYrRcXLYXNNjsYDMbyUJleX53TuqKh2XHeRGsfMrLwXAlbiU0qvCLAa9s\/p9jP9h3yWSScvAQOy1DjOZUSYYk4KI7R+jaRF3SvD3mj12sF2Io3QsaxNGLPWSWSsGPRpfZZRG3alXcxv7eb4a9b4xayLzeDy\/D7rePOXSrqzZPgUfA7t5yDbVJjxmcPF45wXM24piNkW0x1WqmtYULXZtoMGmqj4DSliJq\/8nDSlCKj8TbIocGHQ3fxtfMFdcOFdQRjgtLcfPYtp2rJcWqWXLebNmOoolQJL3SK1gicHTX+lSnYEic\/EQ1T4Tcr8iLYNuL4O2JncwAOC6dssK6VGJvBAQn4YhgHumKHjIPtAdOjPCJfTEM3E6eNpClvAyC2TupWkReyA8YoN0U+AMfZsYDSr1wECFfkHPqaHbP7OKRzoTIC4U1f+tVo3uoFVWh9xLcyyxRt\/F0K1+Y+tcOUBCvBYAhp5fIVqa+s3dS6gRSZ9IaOq2PBh1exB0enSEhogxhxM\/oquMr0Cq3dtsSWOCbtAErI0CMqR+F+ms5eUOvGQVUKKcOjcMJ0mhTLLCYeJAKWxg\/zMQobBKzbwhsm2U62CVtj5g8qKiZCE9f4TO3Ax7W3vATKBFpWrG5V0+KOOo0rpwzC4mKTm6yFizrXxEU4Ys70YabdtDgXS2LZ7LjGNMVgG7Hu1FjSp4YOpVtIzpS4O9d0pMN3XuDxcQ6vSKpgH87EeV954HrBoYrZ+uSg99hAkKT49S7RTAN+T8dKdV8NRXhhBV+7zDncOni\/rE++wFDcWCmhJIPyzPJOW5mnlulfawxx7eA1gvnorU0fNqdSibhk\/lu5R0H56Hhq6RfL8rIZQRcl37CpBMdGlgzxYcyxxznmONgCyiOkIQxQIOUzB19Vl6iOj7ZJsfoWB4dGUadxRxpT3aibrNGX0GWR2GfR6+xCAATAulIhCEju0WMmT4wbusJyGQ6Ai6hIdOoapiYdtlyUFvc+9TzKDtEB7e6nRHunRoniM3GtlOSRaza9hWGwjUtJGsW4Es52HJZOIzLRNGcuYVmGzt4do+pdn8SHYXT8HvpmymZuTJurOLeuoneM6iwGdmrbNx9dwkBzJz2orskgNMJWey4bK4Sd5VJE2FkbnMv7SmG5bpSpLBauD0PZwz3ggnQ1sOZeHGNKrETskJHQkAt5kzSYF3hDE2MSRiTJWM2cPP7\/mr4lxhvAWSSwsIYXe1Coyi0KdvF80KADDjAj9lfIqo7qJJZEGWnuErJrg\/R+we23IRsKeyefDSH7djNavXW9PzFmsAtuNsLwdrZFQsaDsl1vvNCIapst5R4caRSwy\/qJTVXycJWVc2HKfVIHNwJ6rWebe2BzU2Ei7vh7QJk\/ucULOt80yvxpnOIoHLzrMTYv6gyX+uzEKMswVDJ9moSvg5sxJuKZCtIi54xy01OCje2o4e2owYS2kd\/Kj5MUPSJA\/RVNymvH0lutBUeu\/POcoJo+kvTmoKuYvl6srU7pnfLgPZdRuVpaxdVUIvc+sAOlxlLhq\/K5hF0S5Vjn5\/iIndUGBiiRGZj4w8kKvMwhTp\/6eMMhuzG+s2jJsmm8ZiVJW9bRj+KPHydFGmWTew4nwIasUVVDGmWYqoTFy9rY0kaKprK5kRx0FAph31A5mJHD3aQrSAkHoRoquABwnlrWPhE9d+esZrR5J40irUHN\/UbCEVnyIvJnCbOjYjkpthGcEpjf3iEMtojzMkOlSOmgMPT0vny5h5+Nx6OaPTNKjaJ95BKjbN1c3jrl8Bnbsbke4nkB13+LtlsP4ty28dcgXyk0uJXynqkXlqqY9FFmY8RbbvITXrzdbOTPtnylxaFkzfwhFxTtwuyuvuLOLHhYNKzW1GEhUoq4wEZ+VQ8tqzrbDIMJhZ4jEBChMrWQyJLhoLndurwuYmGIsi9PR1QiPdmtjNdWSoQrZS\/VgPYXabuX4u0awrQekGYOyQP9aTfoaDfLlbKGm11yGpThm\/BW\/eQxrxu2EdTIcZXfrDcmw39QZI1dwHuReXFSxhAmrDxaFMPTRw3y7Vuq64IXaWztGQiSVIy45nBU8QAZF7SXf1K92Ehq22RbCPGf7TcgQ5\/zBN+Fz9nOJXykyIg\/ph0\/1RaYAbfyMam7YbacZaUagMvDOrts4oTyrLHGi4wT14WKgiB\/Kq5LtmafSuTGVOZIE6DprzuCfCFFpWUcrgMtQmeonCu9KmzHLE9K0hAv4VVWAZ+KQ2\/VchLRJnrqPW92G55aB+hlPoK+1RYJiuSGEM1mX\/7r46Sq8yLoQUyryb2hOAMS6DHp8D+3Wffp1KODZqj79LnHCf3p2H16yLtP9fFtYIcO0W5dUtBLBQELMQTgXoHXfBztq3AMLzG8zQ\/h45M5ItcV3szeSE+Di1FmkanCeC8YMCkvpC6Szfue1bnee\/PpBWgZEuhBg+OdwActcWO0l29ceoY+TlKwdUxoqAqrVIE3M1Xk9s9a\/C+YLJ2NgTQgi8oyf7rvlXX6MIIcJokWu9BfR+Qqrjq4lsSVKFIOTRjo7Hsix\/xEC4JKbSRdDICG9dlF6VJY1D5JiHh6F2PvaDF5vxbTjQtviUTle9\/IyaiGb\/ULxhDm8n5IXulLbNp6ICSjI4XhwzPcS4VzJn5oLi3keD5tG61KY6IHIrnBthW21i6HwCHQA6OtinGjQPBrJc6qSkaH4iTN09Qgm1iTstluNLhGOArIp8YdkcO6bNcE5sHi3q5164zm7DnYIVSAyg92z27vq\/OCC5Ml9L1qoLa+IMOdhbmhbKMKQSsHyEWmTtwKQnRGxpp8obyQHKOkhOKm+p4eOcQBhQGZYA3w5wnjkliFoagY3szm6KRhrHJEL+jbzRAuqu+D\/ShaAR3oa4waV0Ju\/PcOxXnZUhycsx3Ck8L\/pNqhu0nstyz8Xl9ML9CSe53FbkZ3rs3ScsYboIv4Bgv1oRkrQcGzPBZj0ck1Jeej65Bz03ZKKXV4KjPM4eYa1++IfzC0JtjOnoOnU7BFaf70Cf44pUGW14hf7F0fb1YSirev\/wKqV5RkqPSgUFqh\/gGiIqT6tKpmwTQBMS3eB5vGP52CuES7pK4ayunSFbH+qiyD0tefTsH+nKYtlvMdfK7iEqFs2tW3y+OH7nNU12WyNVteUtQEQYpaAe6ZP5L2C4mEu+MDG7cZCoxkjW3kK6lx04Lx8BrBxTZ2ohR5733F93d3W7TPS6T+nVwL5A4dRW132Oz\/7jj3jwu\/8PPUP6d+mvi71N\/V\/m7n7xOU7ipU+yRKeypFxtEXjgudWiWHp8jrKmyGyHM7KqsUefaWwaF123Nd55kf+UlWnGu\/RaHtCFl+rKMtvj3dT2138V7qrXftFEkhsm2ALlZT1R\/yqNAUBWgrl6DgkCp+OCq+R2mkKmv3YEnaKW\/kYPhDvblv35v7UNV92vWGv6TuPhX9pyztzH2k220nSZdIK0U7noE0VDmo7Hk7CIHiBQENBufrcifNfOPGRa6oS8EfBKMBqQGC+ibYBH8I5Qy9KVYO6nN1mQuiV\/Ct9EiKeN2+mSCqQq5hm9jbh664o2lZXphNQB+GOANL1abtZhuyjs3bHydVFhXVMa8hHqtrM96Cd1F1RDvVrJYvCAXk0J9j\/mTcFVtllTHEmRIBSdFenjYuZJhgtQr2Sd1xYmI0fDkvprbaNLGrFkdRsSqPYSURoIpvni\/VCS6\/nrntbbkatZ0dRSJ4PIpFGsVIIIVg+AI4mSVfsP0DKHSxX9ShzjU5CfLMl3S+Uz\/XPRae\/fEXMAYnmy11weoBrFRAqoGJPnw15WjhXyipOUXAv2KCs7TV+IJD2phuAfa7DezVjkeZBahjW3BjDeJhgbC1ZtHNmTkNX+oQM96TzNCQzOFuDolph64DynGGbWrf97Bqz0GK3PLnF2sNI6s9UCh1To2Pqne4AeSCHR9R\/IB206lRcB3Oa21F5ER\/akxhUlBO1thEU6coSDORYXgeH0Vw1oU9OKsiTE\/BkgKdklCDqdfGdRbDVdZBO0JLUyBjUMVHdEJ3Hvb4eruofFAMxS6qkbMariqrHr1ZzaZuSrzq\/Ksz+yaowkmlkiGCKqxNaIVvR2hWvdDYoOo6nHzbOoN\/kq3AZs\/aQ2+VBoxtnQF2lMiSzm6ya10Bl+zz8PouqaJtinbynbX71QSsaK3e9OPdvqHcpA5SWVY\/3i8BPnXW\/ErL307wCHvpjMq6\/X+paJLHULZTP2RRMwWEyFQM5RqqVT0i9UMEs8Ji7BwwOq1QN9mHBNExKr0spJg9B17LeA9eBX8RPj75i1sVZ2OKglOUZNpaOLpPe0X70flKwkM4W23deLMKtqh+QiizQPa9VgIJCM8xf8oaqzBVk72Now3ocfyiqkAxrK86ye+8ufdrbyZJDjPyJ9NhQ5ZuBdImYho65Tv0cXJI8y0sCZo+eMMmARZRFnzRlXcFk3igtonjKjzS68bARP3dxgZWD6+Qwr2szbkC8cGugXbYuwAR+he1swGqbXeoSBLbr8nKot49lFGtzZOwEvOutFSSwcZr4dSNYa4q7oEpBO4QU4fo\/5n1RfD08Anfa7AFKKmJFT9K82nziOI6LwO033fTE1RxlIIWQypTltiGVR6jAn2clEl2mNx\/InH8iqqUo0\/6LbZEXbfXlt6WSVMsdEVr3yfKkmpM9EkiykIhnQGn5bNTqndl9K+9TGOuOkn6nsD7Nq\/z6SHF82a0EIJjQpteo1tM6tQbIZnGmAQruJpsI0HxZrJFaaVlypECDFgeXqmsZBzmBZFV+7oHN6Dw5oLZUgYai9m+RzCoUJP\/inayBR9LBvMiudaJnhdFUqNigH\/K85M2B0Ga+csMnA5Ydj41ERhp2kXdhtSZCNDTNNJpZLUicIIE4YwG35ubwPfmEkclA7nnvWfVW6ASxogcxvTQN2OZoMRVNwHtTg4fP07SPNrhzVzErxHQJVUstdT3wvJfqVTAu11SvivrdGpsGFWmvkhJKags83JyL0bAi1HvK6XUJjtke5tj3YTshYK\/YtDY9a6EtCqTIWZvMPpqyR1wuO2p3JWLC255RvuNXts+NiMyE7EOktWugbBflcEz5uxxcXBHVlanPCkR76ddOIahqLLLVS1IFZQNwlEo+I9VJZZ2ppYf4qPJv66swdvVIyUF3t011xzBqoztzeUCfKggqJSuwwu0IAjquGtViMpjNW5Pk3uJ2Z1OmpVl4nsijWoXvyvMIminSVU3POD8IypJ7kiwRcfoMYHRbaOGxXarWnUq6i+NxfZ4DZcLCEkTwT3kDEesChfEal3BJmIMXJEwPHDjAmCxzjZAa34RO7MDDEvnQJVFGqkFPdnOVfuatdUVar\/EKwLv21vCu+jsoMr3tSU+16J4xhH4djdsVvfStE6oJ3CriIzci5onk1rwlZsCnharqx6cqqjOqrmEItV4fmGLBZ\/gNGbL6YMV21jFOvceUZnsv4DurUwR8nZ5XasjF58oTMmN2Ru5MVkvyXfD9t5Kk7J6ibmKMikpXish\/NttGzMo5FCi19GimbVJ\/dYbsoFivJ\/Z4oKoWiQr5fKCDgRb+5j4UB0Iv7kkwDkt6RhUc7aiKi7CQlc3LBfCEmCM47vkbOzvTvyt3hllsHN5jgX67q6\/IsG26C+T3WTDzVWXE9bxeLREDJMhxWZe\/fCDdmhUaG9t6OcIJVTMJwjVySYk9PmCqWGcwdbObJVcn7pgLlUySa38oQ8DE7RJuzgprRa7L+VQA0KQlJFosHOg6+KMXB23rDMZsv5mOuuu1n4709tvZ1NT7xhDrZSgQkI3yd3w11qBTZNGCZM6szkFfd0545u3XPlqvARfCbL2BCSkTQ+apAb27fEAcOYmZWPcJ89oJ0H+mM+WH5a3i\/VyLVy7Hp94d\/fjkf9m93i0pd+ToNtq78LuRjq281TCamPTNUVK7L5wiznEy2FtT13cV4GD5JQaKp+ggDETXbH\/qboAHf+VE3nUectllKQ2rXPJAh+dXISbxIpS104SvtNXrThLsucgq5IDBp\/v\/8AOZH4BS15GeRMEKP8lPdotPRrl8vRo+F6XHk1+d02PRrkqPdo+C3oowyELGuUOmcxDDXwm8\/gU5l4yrVOYUf4iKcyjHD+K9snznlGuyHuGHim+V+U9oxyMixckPqP82onPpN9tL0mf2mZeJfMZF8+6MgbZUbzwapnPuJ8n1aRflvncSoEppTj8WScUt528OKFYWg5cZtIU7Sb3vu0rqKrhZIV3+LqVJkEQ+RdKIiZFv3oScVvtL0nE45OIYQi\/QRIxday+eBIxyn9JonrNJCoy3qN9de3rbzCDCU5Rhwwm8ngvfzYZTOwrr5nBxNX8rTOY2Oa8qQwmaNLLZzCh3DmDiZiYpHFldl52lI\/KbbJl9HihfKW21a0xLIrrj5MSVajGJHMORIogcqpsJXYWZAcja4IeDrnSv\/V+7S2mr5Lc1HWBtpFXdRQ\/iDbyNRjJQ1mW04ZOg9LV0uYjwd+LHYfzrQt\/v0r+EsqDfRrVRtYrXGDXo7jMqwrwMhUlvmTsPhTvFrsfesFsHn53ESqTWeu8fqT+XIb6aq87KAPUUW4OUJ+\/aoD6\/0+R6d3IXzd0G+XA2bVFRpgb18hn69g2ft9drdX9twsy\/5bx5Vgvit9Y1Chp1Cd8l3R22GuMi2ZEI9VG+yJhqK1N0yyp7CCP6wKOQVXETL5UHKimKWRXyDMjo+lACKgPjzTZRqnwSGUTTJGRRvtr9TQqu0AwBMztUndxjS0Ck9LvOQKMiTamWLUiqUf3m6NkcsyGMAWFKtpbRicFaBg1jPbKkKYWb8u6zoXZUDt9VOb1quGVI0uznXGPOHGbLUuIBLj237PqimaB49278g0P7CGz6TqV4qL4kRljvoSCBqXlXH2cwDdgGdf7QSUvxnlWoawe3qSIZf4xX\/8m9LyJphV3JEvBwk8Z5IWd\/UA8xr1VfHQistMEOjnO5OZiRBC8yrIDavSXvvny+nteXnj5ucZbL+eUlMaDW6CugaJBmwO5xIYrD76qBYeRGWOLcc6C9MC4W+xPD3V5iVsQ0OUbPdTZutNgwVIKhbUTLz14Wyt8QJD460a0tyX+fCPa2w5884h2cMBv06f+ohA8a42D9TalyOXSqKjAOtB+usrWWG9TL44KuGg39P7DeCGVpo1xOgTUCeER9dGvd9PG2p7hxngq9qZjTe6+rfNC08J6R3skuL3ZyEmkNkw8ivZDcdcW7FlLTs7nFjw\/glQub5VS+bPKbujcIWOj3ju7y1vIbhBNB12Kk3NmQxcFNsIcYp2\/MERdXDD4o4LxHRwNqmB87hjzdQeFb14n1w9Jh0jJUSHpN9nzMdgnB1lkJEXOZkXMdolNWNU0NjoRaw0G8EEtS7ZHgmbpw5po1v3CbJnwRvPQHQOIFDe6jcQtdhly+iNDthkOhkFjPmPbCJonfqniiW958CRAVjo6sKH8m7rQwmAZ3xdzUs1VnhpOcxNdOGPbhKMv4Y\/UJ\/\/Myb9RHJMPoGmTT5AkOnwangCuRfKp+ufUkENKalL8AMU2KrRAgUmPA+hT1jY3FmldFoyFAiWOSA9fUPc3vBiVJSyQhbdQFQ8jqhka+F2oHb8l1HuzUtWBiTEduqBs7DFPJQiRvctLj6Vn395dXhvQHzVv4hFj3ybjpVwR\/2wcGz5XF6WsfWM5icqyH7I8frAZfd0y3ObPvvonIusuE3zhOu3rFJfMUi2F8JY4zNqGuq+YsnE\/L4D111X64qiQ3bppextGLAkZpWXefuPIKmsyQY2ye2PBL2PhEBZSdjS4DoZz+LUZn6Spg4pcN2WiG1E5mTlTKqdVnuaNoC6t1qGKSpUU3ovXHZ+UJb7VRmPNZl\/+C+Kxoh2Ea+KJkUW56572cGhR9XjwQZl478f5DvlFifyH7c6volPhtz7HhrED\/C9U7qIs8ie\/qR+SrMoz749fClSm6AA63sT\/H9ExP0X+b8okSn2Idw0qANzw\/ltyKvKyjmSs3Ewzd1+qFD0nkV2nuKdHdmry3wuU\/Z4UFU\/8ro\/jO9GtUAzOgTW1AnNe7oDzst759dHHcv7Pc14jf58cWvuUf5z5JBXsuPSPK\/+4BvUsSNEO4Q\/oC9qW+ZOPI6q6\/KuWV\/UqlbAFe++nDeRddwsdeodH2p+ZZJPak7gR0LWsawdksVF7GrHe36zRqY8Uwk2Bh\/zZdGo\/MWze0aVzE3EDN234vCbS2G7plQH7ux\/ehCt0cmg\/uTJCVBvXds2cDr2ZMjY+KMW1ZnJLvbxuUo5r7aVEnEZUjouxr\/uYHI6YHYeYkKq2AULFU3W64yAA+OCksm9BjE9R+cAIsZATuZSdIIpGpkn2AG2MXq45YIXQwCeNGFmcNgoDS+jJx70mpp0urt\/xMb3DWRmt2ER+m0XbZ8+WeYo+Tsi3k\/vu7zraTu6nbboHM5PEg3a9HondaNgS7n613+8imbmDPYuj8gGbusqogjBxNnbp7lch\/s+GU\/O571ld9648bKN389XK7\/4X3qxW041wvYMmwn82En2X\/a1NiG+7xJFgyemvuIMNZlTTTboyupvM97Juhj7+781a2j96lPj+0b91\/YNv4lhG8mXoYFXnRdDbY2F1vfed31DHiJjfJFn0nEWYlmHeekz\/JsQi4lAPhzW7Q0Fyig79Np+cDn6RxPW5RP5jskNABwHbTJJi3gpyKRlbwY\/YKf7+42QwOpMfmVBA8pXQV8mdorUJBkdUtg4PfBpWMcoQ9XcZnYLjDH98OpLv2xOSJKRsozTKYmSoAINS1NEBa2FDNb2yCrX0fzwdW8VOuB+tl\/FxQ1VelKiuvxjqHuobOoTKfNo\/RHIvqv7X9m9J\/YpUiKvU9gm+AOoz8k8jCfUzOuiWUu87Ns1zcEWzUISLKU9RKqItC47jsQPQdgz\/G5UAZDcEnbzWoApeFpxadVG3HJvQ0pJ0YwCXz6lsrmVz4wDIOYDcfHrfkE4eyyR7UARWc5g4gDuDDmPfG\/gRRMTezuDcAc\/Sf3dS1yN0MV9QkE5sTiFFVjM4G0noDESHRGWFVMhEirZ3jVpzjVxTjex\/pL+QmHsGDI0BJWNAzhjQNGTIGeW5+1QPz+1aNI3uUiO9gE6b45fiiLr4xZ4gqvsWf0n+AHd1mpwSCO2IyurOW8u9Fy\/WEepyRDX7FGVnUeS3JYoegqe83G1szqAXa3Orl9fHXjVvL\/XK9to1jql02oUF0eYc+PyQxA+oJJdXuS0hvAmXMpCUFxkQcrZv+b63mxY3o5I2de3B3f0ncxXH\/1Q49jec\/euE\/Pu79t\/ftP\/eTlSFQrCurtAw\/M1v\/zEP538gJc3\/8I8w\/O1vuWp+P9GN4zB6zJiZ653gf+1q68bftdBhxHRdkMi3ZhaGhnajT\/79YaK6HKZHHJ90N7tZrTbdNxACAaIK6Dr4O+Ln7r9fd5eU9nviaLqTxniSxkflVOLq+hF+u9c80UpKZHpZ+gT56Wys+VxOGxbb4W7y77\/9s\/fXFD17f4uyyvtNGW3BoMx+PfEnf8nrnHvkb+iQI+9\/\/ntvQp\/8G0I\/Rd5fy3xC2aA3Q42dw+lVKwX3z6vVOAjZrUTGliupkK3kQrbqowu\/ZPURVUnVR2HgCCTuNwpAjfz0CGAJWR1k5xMqkxju0hno3tn5VJFzq9VDwS0F+7bigOiEFquMv\/q\/MiGzeKYXX2Mx2md6QTYWQz0jHkwbHuhLpf73HUuqd9g30\/tlwEnzGJU+3JXxIYh\/hg\/nLMH\/ZueT38Mpwq\/33Z\/n073\/Y5xGVfX+4wT\/NKG\/OGcJ83d2Pk3upT399q3ydNveMKG\/DJ92+OQb\/yDIvwyfdvjYg43b8f+cZzm\/1ffb+znBj+Mbrj\/52x\/g4eA\/0eGcRuXE\/12eVXkaVX7\/jBgAfs4SaGywTXbJnZfA87VxKxF9QMSI3h4J98bFNL6As2UL2NjB3krPnl3+KgynrLWmf3I4+nw4+qamMdn65OCD+8xuwOpM0QFlO+OAjHz7bFO3fijaN2EkTF3U35ZNXRz59tmm7kY5h6DP+LObW2Pnbo5RFQx2uk678HuTMW3Da3+EJS35mfoVf\/Fx0n9jpz+8oeacv8noNBYGU9K+n46ma8NPR\/Ha8Bf0fK68vwL6z99+J+yu4lcTf\/LXJDv8IcoO5Nc\/JmV0SLJW2\/633078yZ8TwOXJ97X39+iPKGHU8d\/9x5\/Ie3\/Lz2WMvD9G2VCV\/rLx9ptKDqw33c7hYvNBdrFxvDy\/3L2GIM6CvQuTPydx3boOznXOmLE1y8G4pKlnLr1aQFG\/KHda5Y7dfmyUOxDg11bs2om8klq1tlWrphs7LyjdxisoO2udstNWc6HC8cFYwZs9Uj8bzXifI5Ml7j\/+KtnvmR2e\/vtP0cPZ+7e8PiYxGKb+MvEnf+++mPh\/Rkn5Jef3fqjBxUz3DVsks+F9m+aMOQe\/hX3P+hzcgNWvexIDcRfHEgDvXXxInUwbT07qmUtPzs+\/WJVMJye7y9icnCDyr31yfo6+iUFCdnKqFoOp7S9tPvgcvfCJ+jl62yfqQ246UR9y04n6p\/+UHBi\/KYoUeX\/7fXc2\/AXBovhzlB7OWX88cOcCFORycL58xbLz8UVr\/Rkfg\/QSf0CoCKI0dT\/sHnLzYUc9c+lhB0X9cthpDzt2A7A57ECwX\/uwayfyLRx2pja+9KHWVvNyh1pbwZs91I6J6VA7JqZD7ffoMcqiQ1Qm2mgG5rE\/5ccky\/OS\/fYvCVwHIhzp4HK6vWILZMfc61RPnXerNx3YoZE143lFPXPpeQVF\/XJeac8rdm3bnFe0tL72udVO6BvyGrcteulTqq3m0lNK1hFSwTYznQLbTOJ\/63e236LsEKWy3a\/f5n4bZYc0ctrjX6j81tN19cLH7c9L+f68\/Ab78zYz78\/UM5fuz1DUL\/uzdn9mV518f5YI8mtvzO1MXmljXl5hY25bdIWNeanbmNtqXmJjJhkPkKTMyxcWqE7U4K+2I8KSr6MtzDhe8\/r1TzI5dkSU07ocygcBuJ821vLQpYCVXYZGfESP+MMuoYo9JUDmcu\/fpOcYcjvx8wSpgPsO8Bb6r6CwMs+4B7tvmUdP+SOSFnguyNfTntWhqeIIds9gJoVr6vJZcR5rC4XSJ7cm+zI6kSlK80NOTUw+dPIUFWmyLdEhDU5RgR\/eJwd4nYxQVNb40ykqxFbpkgIBdBJoiAJIey3RHpfSfY5+PJZo\/38+Tn61z0q0h+thX7acH1c\/Dnhez1LEJkihHAv7iUsNYgqgUlIDhnBUssm1WWkDYwwBhRrgLW1RojoQL3U7n45RTTV1FGYUlCMBkewRbsPv+ty6FiOSgr9Vst5H5yB6dsf+25gADKHgNHOCAbxZWpUaifB+PY4+W+LcqrxsJ8FF6zhg5O2nQJEt0ehIRdq2c43Q0L6Q4urGBBrNgJcBvpcrQBuexO0IJE8sq8kha3j4tDEghVAYxqKl1qzmyaeOMxGv3vlSBQgWROcWLeAcPOZJDPi\/cYKyGE3uu5Q8FsRYxTtmURbsVZ+OC7cpw3hzYmLiXM7enkHWumyfnbFUFBbDCFnxEn5QTMtgvWn\/S8tMhUoPyn1H1fsDwLSpcoq7yk2V3EJyYke7vcZ8pEARJpJff1X3EvhJfeWvGNTbbrjqaFt11JFm9pThHQNRqTv8cA\/\/3r2iBMRrm9BERYGiEszqHQsRBcrM0BKFfHsGrCMqh5xvAfDjDsnnQAvS0yu2FCaYCvtmLidwNoDSWzCn9F1tAX6ceQ36AgiJb4VSFNcUi6+eX4IZM4HHV7\/Nt+1mEJfU8or5lu0exRQ2tg9XjwfbR+NHFTzUXJRd\/OTUDiapbwvmt2XUtwuwyBnQbwzpMQ6RvB0la91MAOweRQBB6oV9ktMq9g9BeU5tEZuhEEEHbIuYO5RRs2C7+4dOzxPUEOO9U11JmT+lfDVJ9jDv+OAx0KtkI9F0vb5ueWlGoXtzCmQsqqjt3yCen3M4obHw0V\/HcBzgb3WVEv0D8Mr6fUnECF55S0FjXWuUgIhTjmMb0GTcnofG0POF5uWtbIqnG5b1ym1WSrQXJZxMtBmNfKlrbYn2egmaubb1JCykIipQyd9GumGxxGiGkp8bqyJ0nY1rTiLUDz9G6nmk9gN1AXGqXkqq6btZ6Mojq6TI04+TTLpC1rqpblGXJHO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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-nfppe1w8.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"gcri\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> \u00b7 Food Nexus<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Food security and access<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food. A country can have enough food in aggregate while households go hungry, because access depends on incomes, prices, markets, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">social protection<\/a> and conflict as much as on harvests. This page sets out the four dimensions of food security, how each is measured, and what the evidence serves for those who must respond.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/\">Back to Topics<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"food\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contents<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Food security and access in seven parts.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"editorial\"><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\" data-variant=\"contents\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>In this dossier<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">7 parts<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-question\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">The question<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Food security and access: how the risk develops<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-pg-couplings\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Couplings<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Access to food is where shocks in every domain converge on households<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-pg-reports-standards\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Access evidence, its limits and who decides<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-indicators\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Indicators<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">What is measured, and how well<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-sources\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Where the evidence comes from<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-decisions\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Decisions<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Who decides, and what the evidence serves<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-core-questions\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Core questions<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">What experts ask<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-question\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"supply\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The question<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Food security and access: how the risk develops.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Availability, affordability and nutrition. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"2\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m12.83 2.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 6.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.83l8.58 3.91a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0l8.58-3.9a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.83Z\"\/><path d=\"m22 17.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 17.65\"\/><path d=\"m22 12.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 12.65\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Availability is necessary, not sufficient<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">National supply from production, stocks, imports and aid sets an upper bound. Hunger occurs inside adequate national supply when food cannot reach a place or people cannot pay for it.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"8\" cy=\"8\" r=\"6\"\/><path d=\"M18.09 10.37A6 6 0 1 1 10.34 18\"\/><path d=\"M7 6h1v4\"\/><path d=\"m16.71 13.88.7.71-2.82 2.82\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Access runs through prices and incomes<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Most poor households buy most of their food. A rise in staple prices, or a fall in wages, remittances or livestock prices, cuts what they can buy, and diet quality is cut first.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"19\" cy=\"5\" r=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"5\" cy=\"19\" r=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M10.4 21.9a10 10 0 0 0 9.941-15.416\"\/><path d=\"M13.5 2.1a10 10 0 0 0-9.841 15.416\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Coping strategies deplete assets<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Households skip meals, sell livestock and tools, take children out of school and borrow. Each strategy buys time and leaves the household less able to absorb the next shock.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M19 14c1.49-1.46 3-3.21 3-5.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 0 16.5 3c-1.76 0-3 .5-4.5 2-1.5-1.5-2.74-2-4.5-2A5.5 5.5 0 0 0 2 8.5c0 2.3 1.5 4.05 3 5.5l7 7Z\"\/><path d=\"M3.22 12l6.28 0 .5-1 2 4.5 2-7 1.5 3.5 5.27 0\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Malnutrition follows with a lag<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Poorer diets, disease and inadequate water and sanitation combine into acute malnutrition, often months after the shock that started it. Mortality rises where malnutrition meets outbreaks and displacement.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Growing conditions in the Black Sea region.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Crop greenness, root-zone soil moisture and population density over the Black Sea region, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"black-sea:food\" data-ml-feeds=\"eonet|https:\/\/eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/v3\/events\" data-ml-src=\"food\" data-ml-plan=\"p-8a76d1fd\" data-ml-view=\"3d\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:food\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.food.ndvi gibs.water.rzsm gibs.health.people gibs.water.true gibs.food.cover gibs.food.gpp ev.eonet r.dist r.hls r.smap f.power r.dswxs1 r.labels f.ens\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect measure compare aoi export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-food\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-food\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"22,39,44,50\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"Growing conditions, the Black Sea region: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"ndvi||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Crop vigour<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"rzsm||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Drought signal<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"people||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Population<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"true||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">True colour<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">3<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">Growing conditions, for this page<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"ndvi\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Greenness (NDVI)\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite index; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Vegetation greenness (NDVI), rolling 8 days<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE MODIS Terra NDVI \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ndvi\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"NDVI\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"ndvi\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.ndvi\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra NDVI (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite index; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-13<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite greenness index over the 8 days to the date shown; an indicator of crop and pasture condition, not a yield estimate or a food security warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"rzsm\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-short=\"Soil moisture, root zone\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA NSIDC DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Model with satellite data assimilated\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Root-zone soil moisture, 0 to 100 cm<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA NSIDC DAAC SMAP Level 4 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"rzsm\">11 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Modelled<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"rzsm\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.rzsm\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>SMAP Level 4 (NASA NSIDC DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA NSIDC DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Model with satellite data assimilated<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-11<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Model with satellite data assimilated. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"people\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Population density\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)\" data-wm-kind=\"Census-based estimate, static (2020)\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Population density, 2020<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University) Gridded Population of the World v4.11 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"estimated\" data-wm-lic=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-wm-unit=\"people\/km\u00b2\">Estimated<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"people\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.people\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Estimated<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University))<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>null; Census-based estimate, static (2020)<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Census-based estimate of people per square kilometre in 2020, shown as exposure context; not a count of people affected by any hazard.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"4\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.6\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite image\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">True colour<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"true\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.true\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite image<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"cover\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"24\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.7\" data-wm-short=\"Land cover\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land cover type (IGBP), yearly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"class\">Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"cover\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.cover\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2024-01-01<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"gpp\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"25\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Plant growth (GPP)\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite-driven model; latest 8-day period GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Gross primary production, 8-day total<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Aqua GPP (MYD17) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"gpp\">30 Sep 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"kgC\/m\u00b2\">Modelled (latest 8-day period GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"gpp\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.gpp\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest 8-day period GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Aqua GPP (MYD17) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>8-day; Satellite-driven model; latest 8-day period GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-09-30<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Model estimate of carbon taken up by plants over the 8-day period shown; an indicator of growth, not harvest or production.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" aria-label=\"Map controls\"><button type=\"button\" 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type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"full\" aria-label=\"Full screen\" title=\"Full screen\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M2.5 6l0-3.5 3.5 0m7.5 3.5 0-3.5-3.5 0m-7.5 7.5 0 3.5 3.5 0m7.5-3.5 0 3.5-3.5 0\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-menu\" id=\"nx-wm-menu\" role=\"menu\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"inspect\">Inspect a point<kbd>I<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"measure\">Measure distance<kbd>M<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"compare\">Compare two dates<kbd>C<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"share\">Copy a link to this view<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"png\">Export as PNG with credits<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"xt\" data-wm-xt=\"NxAjSJ6JoGGZsXu22d+kvA4nR9AJ6Njy+\/Xy2FIyELw=\">More expert tools<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\">Keyboard shortcuts<kbd>?<\/kbd><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-keys\" role=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Keyboard shortcuts\" hidden><p class=\"nx-wm-keys-title\">Keyboard, with the map focused<\/p><dl class=\"nx-wm-keys-list\"><\/dl><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-keys-close\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\" aria-label=\"Close the shortcuts\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-hint\" hidden>Hold Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll to zoom<\/p><p class=\"nx-wm-toolbar\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-tip\" role=\"tooltip\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin\" hidden><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-pin-title\"><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"unpin\" aria-label=\"Close the card\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-chart\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-body\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-dock\"><div class=\"nx-wm-time\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Imagery date\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"prev\" aria-label=\"One day earlier\">\u2039<\/button><p class=\"nx-wm-time-label\">Latest available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Growing conditions, framed on the Black Sea region.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET \u00b7 NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.water-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.modis-viirs.land\">MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.smap.l4\">SMAP Level 4 soil moisture and snow mass, NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office; distributed by the NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center DAAC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"sedac.gpw-v4\">Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7927\/H49C6VHW\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.7927\/H49C6VHW<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li><\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>River discharge forecast, 30 days with range (GloFAS via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Emergency Management Service information 2026; not a flood warning.<\/li><li>Past year, daily temperature (ERA5 via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information 2026.<\/li><li>Past year, daily temperature and sunshine (NASA POWER): These data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) POWER Project funded through the NASA Earth Science\/Applied Science Program..<\/li><li>Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https:\/\/open-meteo.com\/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/).<\/li><li>Optional layers (13 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Vegetation greenness (NDVI), rolling 8 days: MODIS Terra NDVI, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ndvi\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Root-zone soil moisture, 0 to 100 cm: SMAP Level 4, NASA NSIDC DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"rzsm\">11 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/li><li>True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/li><li>Gross primary production, 8-day total: MODIS Aqua GPP (MYD17), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"gpp\">30 Sep 2026<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G02\/topics\/food-security-and-access\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Food Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"food\" aria-label=\"Couplings, Monitor, Reports, standards and contributions, Simulator\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Couplings, Monitor, Reports, standards and contributions, Simulator\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-couplings\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Couplings<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-5-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Monitor<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-standards\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-instrument\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Simulator<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-couplings\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Couplings<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Access to food is where shocks in every domain converge on households.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th>Domain<\/th><th>How it couples here<\/th><th>What to watch<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Water<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Drought cuts both harvests and rural incomes at once. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/topics\/drought-and-flood\/\">drought and flood<\/a>.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Seasonal rainfall against livelihood calendars<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Energy<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Fuel and electricity prices raise transport, milling and cooking costs.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Share of household spending on food and fuel<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Health<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h57\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 soc.humanitarian.chronic-malnutrition\" data-tk=\"Society, conflict and economy \u00b7 Humanitarian crises\" data-td=\"Persistent undernutrition and micronutrient deficiency, seen in stunting and anaemia, that harms child development and productivity long after any acute food crisis.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H57\" data-tr=\"draft\">Undernutrition<\/a> weakens immunity, and illness reduces the use of food the body can make; the two feed each other. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/health-equity\/\">health equity<\/a>.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h81\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.nutrition.acute-malnutrition-surge\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency\" data-td=\"A rapid rise in dangerous weight loss among young children and other vulnerable people during food crises, disease outbreaks or conflict, sharply raising the risk of death.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H81\" data-tr=\"draft\">Wasting<\/a> and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h81\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.nutrition.chronic-undernutrition\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency\" data-td=\"Long-term poor nutrition and repeated infection in early childhood that stunt growth and brain development, reducing lifelong health, learning and earnings.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H81\" data-tr=\"draft\">stunting<\/a> prevalence from nutrition surveys<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Biodiversity<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Wild foods, fisheries and forest products are a buffer for poorer households.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Reliance on wild foods in lean seasons<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-p\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 food-insecurity\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A situation in which people lack reliable access to enough safe and nutritious food for active and healthy lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Food insecurity<\/a> is measured in two complementary ways: experience-based scales such as FAO&#8217;s Food Insecurity Experience Scale, and the IPC acute food insecurity phases (Technical Manual 3.1, 2021), which classify areas by convergence of evidence. The annual State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World and the Global Report on Food Crises draw on both.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-5-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"supply\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Monitor<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Market and harvest early warning.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The screen a team would use to follow this subject: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-food-early-warning\" data-cx=\"food.early-warning\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Market and harvest early warning: illustrative console with example names and values\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Market and harvest early warning: the screen&#8217;s structure, terms and states for Food security and access.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-standards\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"inset\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Access evidence, its limits and who decides.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Analyses of access and its drivers are designed for the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/series\/country-systems\/\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience series<\/a>. IPC classifications are made by national analysis teams under the IPC protocols; the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) does not classify or declare <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h57\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 soc.humanitarian.famine\" data-tk=\"Society, conflict and economy \u00b7 Humanitarian crises\" data-td=\"Extreme food deprivation with widespread starvation, acute malnutrition and rising deaths in a population.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H57\" data-tr=\"draft\">famine<\/a> and does not substitute for those processes. Survey-based datasets would carry NS-3b metadata under the proposed <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ecosystem\/standards\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a>, with household data never released.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Market price series from local markets.<\/li><li>Nutrition survey results with methods.<\/li><li>Community accounts of coping in lean seasons, with consent.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-instrument\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" data-ns-layout=\"es-wide\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">A shock through an input-output economy.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">A loss of output in one sector propagates through the technical coefficients to its suppliers and customers, and recovers at the rate you set; the coefficients are teaching values, not national accounts. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows The Black Sea region; the model itself is not tied to a place.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-in nx-fk\" id=\"nx-in-od-nexus-topics-food-security-and-access-0\" data-nxi=\"io\" data-nxi-id=\"io\" data-nxi-z=\"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\" aria-label=\"A shock through an input-output economy\"><div class=\"nx-in-body\"><div class=\"nx-in-main\"><div class=\"nx-in-tabs\" data-nxi-tabs=\"true\" aria-label=\"Views of the model\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"result\">Result<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"bars\">By sector<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"net\">Network<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"fan\">Uncertainty<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"tornado\">Sensitivity<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"loops\">Loops<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-stage\" id=\"nx-in-od-nexus-topics-food-security-and-access-0-stage\" data-nxi-stage=\"true\" data-view=\"result\"><svg class=\"nx-in-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 720 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Output lost\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-in-tip\" data-nxi-tip=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><div class=\"nx-in-bar\" data-nxi-bar=\"true\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Play over time\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-prev=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step back\">&#8249;<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-play=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Play<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-next=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step forward\">&#8250;<\/button><span class=\"nx-in-step\" data-nxi-step=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-side\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><div class=\"nx-in-ctl\" data-nxi-ctl=\"true\"><dl class=\"nx-in-pv\"><div><dt>Sector hit first (position in the list)<\/dt><dd>0<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Size of the shock<\/dt><dd>30% of its output<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Duration of the shock<\/dt><dd>30 days<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Recovery rate<\/dt><dd>0.08 per day<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Days simulated<\/dt><dd>180 days<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Readouts<\/p><dl class=\"nx-in-out\" data-nxi-out=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><div><dt>Output lost over the run<\/dt><dd>0.65% of a year&#8217;s output<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Total over direct (multiplier)<\/dt><dd>1.82 times<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Most affected other sector<\/dt><dd>Fertiliser and inputs<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Its peak inoperability<\/dt><dd>3.5%<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><details class=\"nx-in-more\"><summary>Numbers, methods and sources<\/summary><div class=\"nx-in-more-in\"><div class=\"nx-in-tblw\" data-nxi-table=\"true\"><table class=\"nx-in-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Sector<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Peak inoperability (%)<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Output weight (%)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Farming<\/th><td>31.53<\/td><td>12.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Fertiliser and inputs<\/th><td>3.49<\/td><td>25.9<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Food processing<\/th><td>0.54<\/td><td>16.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Transport<\/th><td>2.26<\/td><td>12.9<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Wholesale and retail<\/th><td>1.30<\/td><td>21.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Energy<\/th><td>2.24<\/td><td>10.9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-csv=\"true\" hidden>Download the numbers (CSV)<\/button><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Methods<\/h4><ol class=\"nx-in-meth\"><li>Input-output analysis <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Leontief (1936); Miller and Blair (2009), Input-Output Analysis, Cambridge University Press<\/span><\/li><li>Inoperability input-output model <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Haimes and Jiang (2001), Journal of Infrastructure Systems 7<\/span><\/li><li>Dynamic inoperability and recovery <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Lian and Haimes (2006), Systems Engineering 9<\/span><\/li><li>Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333<\/span><\/li><li>One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley<\/span><\/li><\/ol><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Data<\/h4><p class=\"nx-p\">The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page&#8217;s map can draw:<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-src\"><li>Seaports <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Maritime chokepoints <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Nexus (named straits and canals at their published coordinates)<\/span><\/li><li>Railways <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Major roads <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\">A shock through an input-output economy. Illustrative teaching model: it runs on the values set by the controls, not on measured data. Methods: Input-output analysis (Leontief (1936); Miller and Blair (2009), Input-Output Analysis, Cambridge University Press); Inoperability input-output model (Haimes and Jiang (2001), Journal of Infrastructure Systems 7); Dynamic inoperability and recovery (Lian and Haimes (2006), Systems Engineering 9).<\/figcaption><div class=\"nx-in-pls\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-pl\" aria-label=\"Where this instrument connects across the pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Experiments<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Built in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/foundry\/\">Food Nexus in Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Tested at<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/universe\/\">Food Nexus in Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Codified in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/\">Water and Food Systems in Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Published in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/reports\/\">Food Nexus in Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Taught in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/\">Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences in Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><span class=\"nx-in-keep\" hidden><i data-c=\"c1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c4\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c6\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"h3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"neg\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"0\"><\/i><i data-l=\"1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"2\"><\/i><i data-l=\"3\"><\/i><i data-l=\"4\"><\/i><i data-l=\"5\"><\/i><i data-on=\"0\"><\/i><i data-on=\"1\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"p\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"n\"><\/i><i data-k=\"R\"><\/i><i data-k=\"B\"><\/i><i data-k=\"dash\"><\/i><i data-dash=\"true\"><\/i><i data-view=\"result\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"on\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"off\"><\/i><i class=\"nx-in-svg nx-in-grid nx-in-ax nx-in-tk nx-in-at nx-in-ln nx-in-band nx-in-lbl nx-in-lk nx-in-ref nx-in-reft nx-in-mk nx-in-x nx-in-rect nx-in-val nx-in-rowl nx-in-cl nx-in-arrow nx-in-pol nx-in-cln nx-in-loop nx-in-edge nx-in-node nx-in-nl nx-in-reach nx-in-trib nx-in-agent nx-in-flow nx-in-legend nx-in-sw nx-in-note nx-in-loops nx-in-3d nx-in-cv nx-in-field nx-in-fl nx-in-fv nx-in-range nx-in-btn nx-in-err nx-in-tbl nx-in-cite\"><\/i><\/span><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"supply\" aria-label=\"Indicators, Twin and cascade simulator, Sources\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Indicators, Twin and cascade simulator, Sources\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-indicators\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Indicators<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-twin\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-sources\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Sources<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-indicators\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"supply\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What is measured, and how well.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each indicator carries its unit, its cadence, the kind of source behind it and the evidence label a value would carry. No values are shown: a programme supplies them under its own authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Prevalence of undernourishment (SDG 2.1.1)<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of population<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Modelled from food supply and survey data<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Prevalence of moderate or severe <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 food-insecurity\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A situation in which people lack reliable access to enough safe and nutritious food for active and healthy lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">food insecurity<\/a> (SDG 2.1.2)<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of population on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Individual and household surveys<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Population by acute food insecurity phase<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">persons per IPC or Cadre Harmonis\u00e9 phase<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per analysis<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Consensus analysis<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Food consumption score<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">weighted score with standard thresholds<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly to quarterly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Household surveys, remote monitoring<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Cost of a healthy diet<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">purchasing power parity dollars per person per day<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Retail prices against dietary guidelines<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Global acute malnutrition among children under five<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of children<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per survey<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Anthropometric surveys (SMART, DHS, MICS)<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Minimum dietary diversity for women<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of women of reproductive age<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per survey<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Household surveys<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Food share of household expenditure<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of total expenditure<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per survey<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Household budget surveys<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"indicators\" data-nxf-kind=\"indicator\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G02\/topics\/food-security-and-access\/#indicators\" data-nxf-title=\"Indicators\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-span=\"wide\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Model food security and access as a system. Run the cascade.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Assembled from the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> area profile <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/fao-and-food-security\/\">FAO and food security<\/a>: the hazards it names, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/system-builder\/\">System Builder<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-es-topics-food-security-and-access-G02\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h57\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 soc.humanitarian.famine\" data-tk=\"Society, conflict and economy \u00b7 Humanitarian crises\" data-td=\"Extreme food deprivation with widespread starvation, acute malnutrition and rising deaths in a population.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H57\" data-tr=\"draft\">Famine<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h9\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.flood.ice-jam-flood\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Freshwater inundation\" data-td=\"River water backing up behind an ice blockage and flooding adjacent land, sometimes with ice and debris.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H9\" data-tr=\"draft\">Ice-jam flood<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\">Tropical cyclone<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">Heatwave<\/a><\/li><li>HIV epidemic<\/li><li>Flash flood<\/li><li>Storm surge (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Intense rainfall (set off downstream)<\/li><li>River flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Dangerous surf (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Widespread power outage (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Mass displacement (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Coastal flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Extreme fire weather (set off downstream)<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Wildfire<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Heat-driven grid stress (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Agricultural drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Flash drought (set off downstream)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/fao-and-food-security\/\">FAO and food security<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/food-security-and-nutrition-risk\/\">Food security and nutrition risk<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Coupling<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/early-warning\/early-warning-and-anticipatory-action\/\">Early warning and anticipatory action<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Coupling<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/humanitarian\/ocha-and-humanitarian-data\/\">OCHA and humanitarian data<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Coupling<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/water-risk-standards\/\">Water risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Coupling<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-3<\/code> Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)<\/li><li><code>NS-10<\/code> Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)<\/li><li><code>NRS-N3<\/code> Food and agriculture risk and resilience<\/li><li><code>NRS-C7<\/code> Early warning, triggers and anticipatory action<\/li><li><code>NRS-H61<\/code> Hazard family: Cascading failure (NHS-1 sys.cascade)<\/li><li><code>NRS-K40<\/code> Domain pack profile: Islands small states (DOMAIN-040)<\/li><li><code>NRS-S9<\/code> System profile: <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s9\" data-tc=\"NXS-AAP\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Anticipatory action and triggers\" data-ts=\"NRS-S9\">NXS-AAP<\/a> (Anticipatory action and triggers)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H57<\/code> Hazard family: Humanitarian crises (NHS-1 soc.humanitarian)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>FAOSTAT API (listed for reference)<\/li><li>GIEWS FPMA food price monitoring tool (listed for reference)<\/li><li>FEWS NET data (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Prevalence of undernourishment<\/li><li>Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population, based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)<\/li><li>Indicator of food price anomalies<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Example geography<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>The Ganges and Brahmaputra Basin: 178 hexagonal cells<\/li><li>Surface soil moisture (SMAP), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface water through cloud, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-S1 radar), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface air temperature, daytime (AIRS), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band), NASA GIBS<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where the evidence comes from.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Named public datasets and institutional records, each with its licence class. Sources by agreement are used only under their terms and never republished.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it gives<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">FAO Suite of Food Security Indicators<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Undernourishment, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 food-insecurity\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A situation in which people lack reliable access to enough safe and nutritious food for active and healthy lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">food insecurity<\/a> experience and related indicators by country<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">IPC and Cadre Harmonis\u00e9 analyses<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Area classifications and population estimates by acute food insecurity phase<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">FEWS NET<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Food security outlooks, livelihood zones, seasonal calendars and market monitoring<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">WFP HungerMap LIVE and VAM data<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Near-real-time food consumption and coping indicators from remote surveys<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public, terms per WFP<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">UNICEF, WHO and World Bank Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h81\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.nutrition.chronic-undernutrition\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency\" data-td=\"Long-term poor nutrition and repeated infection in early childhood that stunt growth and brain development, reducing lifelong health, learning and earnings.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H81\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stunting<\/a>, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h81\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.nutrition.acute-malnutrition-surge\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency\" data-td=\"A rapid rise in dangerous weight loss among young children and other vulnerable people during food crises, disease outbreaks or conflict, sharply raising the risk of death.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H81\" data-tr=\"draft\">wasting<\/a> and overweight among children by country<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Demographic and Health Surveys and MICS<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Household diets, child anthropometry and living conditions<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free on registration, terms per programme<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Food Prices for Nutrition (World Bank and FAO)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Cost and affordability of a healthy diet by country<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G02\/topics\/food-security-and-access\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Sources\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-signature\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"supply\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sector signature<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The sector signature of food security and access.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The sectors food security and access touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig\" data-nx-sig=\"WFHB\" data-sig-name=\"Food and its partners\" data-sig-line=\"Food gives nutrition to health (0.7), land conversion to biodiversity (0.6) and withdrawals and runoff to water (0.3).\" data-sig-inst=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-plate\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Signatures in context\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span>Select corners \u00b7 hover lines<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">6 \/ 15 relations<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sector signature hexagon: Water, Food, Health and Biodiversity selected, 6 of 15 relations in play, coupling 0.46. Teaching values.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Signature<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Food and its partners<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Food gives nutrition to health (0.7), land conversion to biodiversity (0.6) and withdrawals and runoff to water (0.3).<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>W<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">E<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">I<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>H<\/span> \u00b7 <span>B<\/span><\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Sectors<\/dt><dd><strong>4<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Relations<\/dt><dd><strong>6<\/strong> <small>of 15<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coupling<\/dt><dd><strong>0.46<\/strong> <small>share of total<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><h3 class=\"nx-nsig-dh\">Strongest relations in play<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-nsig-rel\"><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Food \u2192 Biodiversity<\/b> \u00b7 land conversion<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"6\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.6<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Food<\/b> \u00b7 irrigation<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.8<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Biodiversity<\/b> \u00b7 environmental flows<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"6\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.6<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Food \u2192 Health<\/b> \u00b7 nutrition<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"7\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.7<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"all\">Select all<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-sig-act=\"copy\">Copy signature<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements for any place. Coupling is the summed strength of the relations in play, as a share of all fifteen.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-3\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-label=\"Decisions, Methods and evidence, Core questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Decisions, Methods and evidence, Core questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-decisions\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Decisions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-audience\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Methods and evidence<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Core questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-decisions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Decisions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who decides, and what the evidence serves.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Food Nexus prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Who decides<\/th><th scope=\"col\">The question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence this page serves<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Ministries of agriculture, health and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">social protection<\/a><\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Which areas and groups need targeted support, and whether cash, food or nutrition programmes fit best<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Population by phase, market functioning and diet affordability by area<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Humanitarian coordinators and food assistance agencies<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Where to scale assistance before the lean season and how much to preposition<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Outlooks with projected phases, seasonal calendars, pipeline and access constraints<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Finance and social protection ministries<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">When to trigger shock-responsive transfers and how to finance them<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Trigger indicators with their historical record of hits and false alarms<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Nutrition and public health agencies<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Where acute malnutrition is likely to rise and what treatment capacity is needed<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Survey anthropometry, disease surveillance and diet indicators read together<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-4\">Outputs this topic produces<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Food-system vulnerability briefs covering availability, access, utilisation and stability<\/li><li>Small-area estimates of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 food-insecurity\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A situation in which people lack reliable access to enough safe and nutritious food for active and healthy lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">food insecurity<\/a> with uncertainty maps<\/li><li>Affordability traces linking staple prices and incomes to diet cost<\/li><li>Early-warning indicator sets with <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 lead-time\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The interval between issuing a forecast or warning and the onset of the event it concerns.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">lead time<\/a> and skill stated<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and evidence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How food security and access is modelled, measured and tested.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"science\" data-au-n=\"1\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"system-model\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">System model<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">The couplings between the systems in food security and access: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.<\/p><div class=\"nx-au-fig\"><svg class=\"nx-au-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 560 250\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Causal loop diagram of Food, Trade, Climate, Communities, Economy\" focusable=\"false\"><line class=\"nx-au-ac\" x1=\"280\" y1=\"32\" x2=\"398.6\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"339.3\" y=\"57.71\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"280\" y1=\"32\" x2=\"206.7\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"398.6\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"353.3\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"375.95\" y=\"135.5\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"398.6\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"161.4\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"353.3\" y1=\"187.58\" x2=\"206.7\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"280\" y=\"183.58\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u2212<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"206.7\" y1=\"187.58\" x2=\"161.4\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"184.05\" y=\"135.5\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"161.4\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"280\" y2=\"32\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"220.7\" y=\"57.71\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd nx-au-nd-ac\" cx=\"280.0\" cy=\"32.0\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"20\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Food<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd nx-au-nd-ac\" cx=\"398.6\" cy=\"91.4\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"410.6\" y=\"95.42\" text-anchor=\"start\">Trade<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"353.3\" cy=\"187.6\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"365.3\" y=\"205.58\" text-anchor=\"start\">Climate<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"206.7\" cy=\"187.6\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"194.7\" y=\"205.58\" text-anchor=\"end\">Communities<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"161.4\" cy=\"91.4\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"149.4\" y=\"95.42\" text-anchor=\"end\">Economy<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"114\" text-anchor=\"middle\">R  reinforcing<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"280\" y=\"132\" text-anchor=\"middle\">B  balancing<\/text><\/svg><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Causal loop diagram from the page&#8217;s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">FAIR guiding principles \u00b7 GO FAIR and FORCE11<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">W3C PROV \u00b7 World Wide Web Consortium<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Guidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties \u00b7 IPCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">CEOS Analysis Ready Data \u00b7 Committee on Earth Observation Satellites<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"supply\" data-variant=\"inset\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Core questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What experts ask.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Access is where food-system failures become human harm. A shortfall that markets absorb for wealthier households can mean fewer meals, poorer diets and lasting damage to child growth for poorer ones, so the distribution of exposure matters as much as its national average. Experts therefore look past totals to the households and places that carry the burden.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"columns\"><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Who cannot afford a nutritionally adequate diet, where do they live and how does that change with prices and incomes?<\/li><li>How do households cope with a shock, and when do coping strategies start to damage health, education or future livelihoods?<\/li><li>How quickly do world and national price changes reach local markets, and why does this differ between places?<\/li><li>Which <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">social protection<\/a>, school meal or reserve arrangements reduce harm, and what limits their reach?<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-4\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-label=\"Mechanisms, Methods and data, Methods\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Mechanisms, Methods and data, Methods\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-mechanisms\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Mechanisms<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Methods and data<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-methods\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Methods<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-mechanisms\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-15\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">15<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanisms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Drivers and processes.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Access depends on income, prices, markets and public support acting together.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect width=\"20\" height=\"12\" x=\"2\" y=\"6\" rx=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M6 12h.01M18 12h.01\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Income<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Purchasing power<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Wage labour, farm income, remittances and transfers determine what households can spend. Seasonal income gaps create predictable hunger periods.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 3v18h18\"\/><path d=\"m19 9-5 5-4-4-3 3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Prices<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Affordability<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Nutritious foods such as vegetables, fruit, pulses and animal-source foods often cost more per calorie than staples, so price rises push diets toward lower quality.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M19 14c1.49-1.46 3-3.21 3-5.5A5.5 5.5 0 0 0 16.5 3c-1.76 0-3 .5-4.5 2-1.5-1.5-2.74-2-4.5-2A5.5 5.5 0 0 0 2 8.5c0 2.3 1.5 4.05 3 5.5l7 7Z\"\/><path d=\"M3.22 12l6.28 0 .5-1 2 4.5 2-7 1.5 3.5 5.27 0\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Nutrition<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Diet and health<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h57\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 soc.humanitarian.chronic-malnutrition\" data-tk=\"Society, conflict and economy \u00b7 Humanitarian crises\" data-td=\"Persistent undernutrition and micronutrient deficiency, seen in stunting and anaemia, that harms child development and productivity long after any acute food crisis.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H57\" data-tr=\"draft\">Undernutrition<\/a>, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h81\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.nutrition.micronutrient-deficiency\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency\" data-td=\"Widespread lack of essential vitamins and minerals in diets, causing anaemia, blindness, weakened immunity and birth defects even where calories are sufficient.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H81\" data-tr=\"draft\">micronutrient deficiency<\/a> and diet-related disease can coexist in the same country and even the same household.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-16\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">16<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-16\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How the evidence is built, and its limits.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ol class=\"nx-rows\"><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">01<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Household surveys<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Consumption, expenditure and dietary diversity surveys give rich detail but are costly and infrequent.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">02<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Market monitoring<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Retail price series show affordability trends; coverage of remote and informal markets is often thin.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">03<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Food security classifications<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Consensus-based classification <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> combine indicators to describe severity. They depend on <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 data-quality\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The fitness of data for a given use, judged by accuracy, completeness, timeliness, consistency and resolution.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">data quality<\/a> and access, and their phase definitions should be read on their own terms.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">04<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Modelling<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Cost-of-diet and price transmission models, built with <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/econometrics\/\">econometrics<\/a>, estimate affordability under scenarios, with uncertainty that grows with the shock size.<\/p><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"supply\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-17\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">17<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-17\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How it is studied, and what the methods cannot say.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-methods\" data-limits=\"true\"><ol class=\"nx-mledger\" aria-label=\"Methods\"><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/stem\/econometrics\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Econometrics<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Price transmission and market integration \u00b7 Effects of trade policy<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/econometrics\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Econometrics\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/stem\/spatial-statistics\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Spatial statistics and geostatistics<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Small-area estimation of food insecurity \u00b7 Digital soil mapping<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/spatial-statistics\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Spatial statistics and geostatistics\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/stem\/forecasting\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Forecasting and time-series analysis<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Seasonal production outlooks \u00b7 Staple price forecasting \u00b7 Anticipatory action triggers<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/forecasting\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Forecasting and time-series analysis\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/stem\/agricultural-science\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Agricultural, soil and food science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Crop simulation for seasonal yield risk \u00b7 Yield gap and nutrient limitation analysis<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/agricultural-science\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Agricultural, soil and food science\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/stem\/earth-observation\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Earth observation and remote sensing<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Crop condition monitoring \u00b7 Crop type and area mapping \u00b7 Irrigation and water productivity<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/earth-observation\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Earth observation and remote sensing\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-limits\" aria-label=\"What the methods cannot say\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the methods cannot say<\/span><p class=\"nx-limits-text\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 food-insecurity\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A situation in which people lack reliable access to enough safe and nutritious food for active and healthy lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Food insecurity<\/a> is measured by surveys that are infrequent, thin at subnational level and hard to run in conflict. Undernourishment is modelled and revised as underlying data change, so trends should be read from the latest consistent series. Consensus classifications depend on the evidence available to each analysis team and state their own confidence. Nutrition outcomes lag the shock that caused them. Food Nexus does not classify areas; the IPC, the Cadre Harmonis\u00e9 and national authorities do.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-5\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-label=\"Sources, Connected, Questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Sources, Connected, Questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Sources<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-19-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Connected<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-20-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"inset\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-18\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">18<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Where this page&#8217;s references<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-18\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page&#8217;s references lead.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/publications\/home\/fao-flagship-publications\/the-state-of-food-security-and-nutrition-in-the-world\"><span>The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2025 (FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO, 2025)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcinfo.org\/ipcinfo-website\/resources\/ipc-manual\/en\/\"><span>IPC Technical Manual version 3.1 (IPC Global Partnership, 2021)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fsinplatform.org\/\"><span>Global Report on Food Crises 2025 (Global Network Against Food Crises and FSIN, 2025)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/in-action\/voices-of-the-hungry\/fies\/en\/\"><span>Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FAO Voices of the Hungry)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/ns-3b\/\"><span>NS-3b, Dataset and product metadata profile, a proposed standard<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-19-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-19\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">19<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connected<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-19\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page leads across the Consortium.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/climate-nature-governance\/topics\/water-and-food-governance\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Related topic<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr><\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Water and food governance<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Food insecurity analysis can inform the institutional policy questions of resource access.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-20-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"supply\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-20\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">20<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-20\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>What are the four dimensions of food security?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Availability of food, access to it, its utilisation through diet, health, water and sanitation, and the stability of all three over time. A failure in any one can cause hunger.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What does IPC Phase 5 mean?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Catastrophe for households, or famine for an area. Famine classification needs evidence that food consumption, acute malnutrition and mortality have crossed agreed thresholds, and it is reviewed by the independent Famine Review Committee.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why can hunger rise when harvests are good?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Because most poor households buy food. If incomes fall, or prices rise through currency depreciation, conflict or market disruption, access fails even when food is physically present.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How does undernourishment differ from food insecurity experience?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Undernourishment is modelled from food supply and its distribution across a population. The Food Insecurity Experience Scale asks people directly about their experiences. They measure different things and are reported side by side.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why focus on access rather than supply?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Because availability at national level does not mean that every household can obtain enough nutritious food. Prices, incomes and distribution decide who goes without.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does the platform classify food crises?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. Authority classifications remain with the bodies that run them. Food Nexus publishes analysis that cites them where relevant.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is nutrition within scope?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Yes. Diet quality and nutrition outcomes are central, alongside the quantity of food consumed.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Food Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Sector Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Evidence Brief<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/food-nexus\/topics\/food-security-and-access#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-lobal-food-nexus-topics-food-security-and-access-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-lobal-food-nexus-topics-food-security-and-access-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-lobal-food-nexus-topics-food-security-and-access-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/sectors\/food#what-food-gives\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Food<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/food-agriculture\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Food systems and agriculture<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/water-risk-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Water risk standards<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-21\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Food Nexus<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-21\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring a method, a dataset or a question.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/write-to-us\/research-collaboration\/\">Propose a method <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-legal-22\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Legal<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-legal-22\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Legal documents.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Legal documents\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/terms\/\">Platform Terms of Use <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/privacy\/\">Platform Privacy Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/cookies\/\">Platform Cookie and Storage Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/legal-notice\/\">Legal Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/acceptable-use\/\">Acceptable Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/participation-terms\/\">Participation and Events Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/contribution-terms\/\">Contribution Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/research-and-data-terms\/\">Research and Data Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/ai-use\/\">AI-use Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/intellectual-property\/\">Intellectual Property and Licensing <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/trademark-policy\/\">Trademark and Name Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/disclaimer\/\">Disclaimers and Data Notices <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/corrections\/\">Corrections and Right of Reply Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/complaints-and-integrity\/\">Complaints and integrity reporting <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/security\/\">Security and responsible disclosure <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/code-of-conduct\/\">Code of Conduct <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/trust\/accessibility\/\">Accessibility Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/third-party-notices\/\">Third-party notices and attributions <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Maps, data and figures on this site are shown for context and general information. They are not advice, forecasts or warnings; the limits of the information are set out in the Disclaimers and Data Notices.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/food-security-and-access\/#faq\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/food-security-and-access\/#webpage\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What are the four dimensions of food security?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Availability of food, access to it, its utilisation through diet, health, water and sanitation, and the stability of all three over time. 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