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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n2anze0h.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"gcri\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> \u00b7 Food Nexus<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Food, water and energy<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Food production draws on water and energy at every stage: irrigation and pumping, fertiliser manufacture, machinery, processing, cooling and cooking. Agriculture also shares rivers with hydropower and power-plant cooling, and supplies bioenergy feedstocks. Heat and drought squeeze all three at once. This page sets out how the demands couple, how they are measured, and what the coupled evidence serves for those who allocate water, power and land.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/topics\/\">Back to Topics<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"food\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Register<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Food, water and energy on the record.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"fieldmap\"><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Dossier<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Food Nexus \u00b7 topic<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-question\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">The question<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">4 mechanisms<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-field\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Field<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">hexagonal field plate<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-indicators\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Indicators<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">7<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-sources\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">7<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-decisions\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Decision holders<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">4<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-methods\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">5<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-question\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"supply\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The question<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Food, water and energy: how the risk develops.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Water and energy demand in production. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"2\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M7 16.3c2.2 0 4-1.83 4-4.05 0-1.16-.57-2.26-1.71-3.19S7.29 6.75 7 5.3c-.29 1.45-1.14 2.84-2.29 3.76S3 11.1 3 12.25c0 2.22 1.8 4.05 4 4.05z\"\/><path d=\"M12.56 6.6A10.97 10.97 0 0 0 14 3.02c.5 2.5 2 4.9 4 6.5s3 3.5 3 5.5a6.98 6.98 0 0 1-11.91 4.97\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Irrigation links food to water and power<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Irrigated land produces a large share of food from a small share of cropland. Pumped groundwater and lifted surface water make that output depend on electricity or diesel, and on aquifers that may be falling.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M4 14a1 1 0 0 1-.78-1.63l9.9-10.2a.5.5 0 0 1 .86.46l-1.92 6.02A1 1 0 0 0 13 10h7a1 1 0 0 1 .78 1.63l-9.9 10.2a.5.5 0 0 1-.86-.46l1.92-6.02A1 1 0 0 0 11 14z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Fertiliser is embodied energy<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Ammonia synthesis for nitrogen fertiliser runs mainly on natural gas. Gas price spikes raise fertiliser prices, farmers apply less, and yields respond in the following season.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"8\" cy=\"8\" r=\"6\"\/><path d=\"M18.09 10.37A6 6 0 1 1 10.34 18\"\/><path d=\"M7 6h1v4\"\/><path d=\"m16.71 13.88.7.71-2.82 2.82\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Subsidies shape demand<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Free or flat-rate electricity for farm pumps removes the incentive to save water and power, deepens aquifer depletion and strains utility finances. Reform is a food, water and energy decision at once.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"4.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m10.2 6.3-3.9 3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"4.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"M7 12h10\"\/><circle cx=\"19.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m13.8 17.7 3.9-3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"19.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Heat stacks the demands<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">In a hot, dry season irrigation, cooling and power demand peak together while river flows and hydropower fall. The coupling turns one hazard into a compound one for farms, utilities and grids.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Water now in the Black Sea region.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Root-zone soil moisture, night lights and crop greenness over the Black Sea region, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"black-sea:water\" data-ml-feeds=\"eonet|https:\/\/eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/v3\/events\" data-ml-src=\"water\" data-ml-plan=\"p-7384f995\" data-ml-relief=\"1.3\" data-ml-chart=\"f.power\" data-ml-view=\"3d\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:water\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.water.rzsm gibs.energy.ntl gibs.food.ndvi gibs.water.true gibs.food.cover gibs.water.flood ev.eonet r.smap r.dist r.hls f.flood f.power r.dswxs1 r.imerg\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect measure compare aoi export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-water\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-water\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"22,39,44,50\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"Water now, the Black Sea region: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"rzsm||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Drought signal<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"ntl||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Night lights<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"ndvi||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Crop vigour<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"true||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">True colour<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">3<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">Water now, for this page<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"rzsm\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-short=\"Soil moisture, root zone\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA NSIDC DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Model with satellite data assimilated\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Root-zone soil moisture, 0 to 100 cm<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA NSIDC DAAC SMAP Level 4 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"rzsm\">11 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Modelled<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"rzsm\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.rzsm\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>SMAP Level 4 (NASA NSIDC DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA NSIDC DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Model with satellite data assimilated<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-11<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Model with satellite data assimilated. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"ntl\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.9\" data-wm-short=\"Night lights\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LAADS DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite radiance, corrected for moonlight and atmosphere\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Night-time lights, daily<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LAADS DAAC VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ntl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"nW\/(cm\u00b2 sr)\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"ntl\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.energy.ntl\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) (NASA LAADS DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LAADS DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite radiance, corrected for moonlight and atmosphere<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite night-time radiance for the date shown; lights are a proxy for electricity use and outages, not a measurement of supply or access.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"ndvi\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Greenness (NDVI)\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite index; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Vegetation greenness (NDVI), rolling 8 days<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE MODIS Terra NDVI \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ndvi\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"NDVI\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"ndvi\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.ndvi\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra NDVI (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite index; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-13<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite greenness index over the 8 days to the date shown; an indicator of crop and pasture condition, not a yield estimate or a food security warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"4\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.6\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite image\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">True colour<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"true\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.true\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite image<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"cover\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"24\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.7\" data-wm-short=\"Land cover\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land cover type (IGBP), yearly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"class\">Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"cover\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.cover\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2024-01-01<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"flood\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"25\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-short=\"Flood water\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Flood water, 3-day composite<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS Global Flood Product \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"flood\">14 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"flood\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.flood\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS Global Flood Product (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" aria-label=\"Map controls\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-open\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-panel\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Layers\" title=\"Layers\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2.5l-6.5 3.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5zm-6.5 6.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5m-13 2.8 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"tools\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" title=\"Expert tools\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 4.5l10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-7.5-8.5 0 3m5 .5 0 3m-3.5.5 0 3\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-sep\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"in\" aria-label=\"Zoom in\" title=\"Zoom in\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 3v10M3 8h10\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"out\" aria-label=\"Zoom out\" title=\"Zoom out\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 8h10\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"reset\" aria-label=\"Reset the view\" title=\"Reset the view\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.2 8a4.8 4.8 0 1 0 1.5-3.5M3.2 2.6v2.6h2.6\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"full\" aria-label=\"Full screen\" title=\"Full screen\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M2.5 6l0-3.5 3.5 0m7.5 3.5 0-3.5-3.5 0m-7.5 7.5 0 3.5 3.5 0m7.5-3.5 0 3.5-3.5 0\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-menu\" id=\"nx-wm-menu\" role=\"menu\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"inspect\">Inspect a point<kbd>I<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"measure\">Measure distance<kbd>M<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"compare\">Compare two dates<kbd>C<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"share\">Copy a link to this view<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"png\">Export as PNG with credits<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"xt\" data-wm-xt=\"NxAjSJ6JoGGZsXu22d+kvA4nR9AJ6Njy+\/Xy2FIyELw=\">More expert tools<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\">Keyboard shortcuts<kbd>?<\/kbd><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-keys\" role=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Keyboard shortcuts\" hidden><p class=\"nx-wm-keys-title\">Keyboard, with the map focused<\/p><dl class=\"nx-wm-keys-list\"><\/dl><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-keys-close\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\" aria-label=\"Close the shortcuts\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-hint\" hidden>Hold Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll to zoom<\/p><p class=\"nx-wm-toolbar\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-tip\" role=\"tooltip\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin\" hidden><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-pin-title\"><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"unpin\" aria-label=\"Close the card\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-chart\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-body\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-dock\"><div class=\"nx-wm-time\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Imagery date\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"prev\" aria-label=\"One day earlier\">\u2039<\/button><p class=\"nx-wm-time-label\">Latest available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Water now, framed on the Black Sea region.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET \u00b7 NASA SMAP \u00b7 NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.water-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.smap.l4\">SMAP Level 4 soil moisture and snow mass, NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office; distributed by the NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center DAAC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.laads.black-marble\">VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.modis-viirs.land\">MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li><\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA SMAP. We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>River discharge forecast, 30 days with range (GloFAS via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Emergency Management Service information 2026; not a flood warning.<\/li><li>Past year, daily temperature (ERA5 via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information 2026.<\/li><li>Past year, daily temperature and sunshine (NASA POWER): These data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) POWER Project funded through the NASA Earth Science\/Applied Science Program..<\/li><li>Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https:\/\/open-meteo.com\/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/).<\/li><li>Optional layers (14 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Root-zone soil moisture, 0 to 100 cm: SMAP Level 4, NASA NSIDC DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"rzsm\">11 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ntl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Vegetation greenness (NDVI), rolling 8 days: MODIS Terra NDVI, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ndvi\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/li><li>Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"flood\">14 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G02\/topics\/food-water-energy\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Food Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"food\" aria-label=\"Couplings, Monitor, Reports, standards and contributions, Simulator\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Couplings, Monitor, Reports, standards and contributions, Simulator\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-couplings\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Couplings<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-5-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Monitor<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-standards\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-instrument\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Simulator<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-couplings\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Couplings<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The water-energy-food nexus, link by link.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th>Link<\/th><th>Mechanism<\/th><th>Measure<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Link\">Energy into food<\/td><td data-label=\"Mechanism\">Nitrogen fertiliser is synthesised mainly from natural gas; mechanisation, irrigation pumping, processing and cooling use fuel and power<\/td><td data-label=\"Measure\">Energy per tonne of product; gas price passed through to fertiliser price<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Link\">Water into food<\/td><td data-label=\"Mechanism\">Irrigation withdrawals and green water from rainfall<\/td><td data-label=\"Measure\">Cubic metres per tonne; water productivity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Link\">Food into energy<\/td><td data-label=\"Mechanism\">Biofuel feedstocks and residues used for energy<\/td><td data-label=\"Measure\">Share of crop output used for fuel<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Link\">Water into energy<\/td><td data-label=\"Mechanism\">Cooling and hydropower; see <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/topics\/water-energy-interdependence\/\">water-energy interdependence<\/a><\/td><td data-label=\"Measure\">Cubic metres per megawatt-hour<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-p\">The term <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 water-energy-food-nexus\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The coupling of water, energy and food systems through shared resources and dependencies, such that pressures or policies in one shift risk in the others.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">water-energy-food nexus<\/a> entered policy through the Bonn 2011 conference background paper by Hoff and FAO&#8217;s 2014 framing; FAO&#8217;s issue paper of 2011 on energy-smart food documented the energy intensity of food <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. The IPBES Nexus Assessment of 2024 extended the frame to biodiversity and health.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-5-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"supply\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Monitor<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Crop and harvest monitor.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The screen a team would use to follow this subject: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-food-harvest\" data-cx=\"food.harvest\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Crop and harvest monitor: illustrative console with example names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Crop and harvest monitor<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">Food, water and energy \u00b7 Main season \u00b7 Crop stage: grain fill<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure&#8217;s values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"info\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Assessment in field<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GCRI \u00b7 Food Nexus<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"steps\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Crop calendar<\/h4><\/div><\/div><ol class=\"nx-cx-steps\" data-n=\"7\"><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Land preparation<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">done<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Planting<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">done<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Emergence<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">done<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"done\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Vegetative<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">done<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"now\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Grain fill<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">now<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"todo\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Harvest<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-snote\">next<\/span><\/li><li data-st=\"todo\"><span class=\"nx-cx-sn\">Post-harvest<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"chart\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Vegetation index, season to date<\/h4><\/div><\/div><svg class=\"nx-fk-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 460 210\" width=\"460\" height=\"210\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Vegetation index, season to date\" focusable=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" data-fk-chart=\"cx-food-harvest-c1\" data-fk-xs=\"lin,0,23,36,446\" data-fk-ys=\"lin,0,100,180,20\" data-fk-series=\"This season|acc|l||0:46.27203233791515;1:50.679406000580634;2:48.70416788235306;3:47.50256177317351;4:47.15576275214553;5:40.88423646818846;6:41.24798945738002;7:40.705566276703024;8:41.39471871685237;9:40.99822008386254;10:35.26444492181763;11:36.28785207290202;12:36.15701781762763;13:31.638079636730254;14:33.10767856901511;15:30.114390819519755;16:28.569632106274362;17:29.434755072370166;18:26.95351702207699;19:26.958927495963867;20:24.968907504528758;21:25.360225441213693;22:23.680102939624334;23:22.849733097478744~Past seasons, upper|s3|l||0:52.27203233791515;1:58.87940600058064;2:59.10416788235306;3:60.10256177317351;4:61.95576275214553;5:57.88423646818846;6:60.447989457380025;7:62.10556627670303;8:64.99471871685236;9:66.79822008386255;10:63.26444492181763;11:66.48785207290203;12:68.55701781762764;13:66.23807963673025;14:69.9076785690151;15:69.11439081951976;16:69.76963210627437;17:72.83475507237017;18:72.55351702207699;19:74.75892749596387;20:74.96890750452876;21:77.5602254412137;22:78.08010293962434;23:79.44973309747874~Past seasons, lower|s3|l||0:40.27203233791515;1:42.679406000580634;2:38.70416788235306;3:35.50256177317351;4:33.15576275214553;5:24.884236468188462;6:23.247989457380022;7:20.705566276703024;8:19.394718716852367;9:16.99822008386254;10:9.264444921817628;11:8.28785207290202;12:6.157017817627633;13:1;14:1;15:1;16:1;17:1;18:1;19:1;20:1;21:1;22:1;23:1\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Yield outlook by zone<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-food-harvest-t2\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-food-harvest-t2\" aria-label=\"Yield outlook by zone\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Zone<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Expected yield (t\/ha)<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">vs average<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">Confidence<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-food-harvest:r2-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Highland zone<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"2.4\">2.4<\/td><td data-sv=\"1.2813335880637169\">\u25b2 1<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-food-harvest:r2-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Coastal plain<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"2.2\">2.2<\/td><td data-sv=\"-4.325631212908775\">\u25bc 4<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-food-harvest:r2-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Region North<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.9\">0.9<\/td><td data-sv=\"-28.854387312196195\">\u25bc 29<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Low<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-food-harvest:r2-3\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Region South<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"1.3\">1.3<\/td><td data-sv=\"-6.001116825500503\">\u25bc 6<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Medium<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"map\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Field assessment plots<\/h4><p class=\"nx-fk-panel-sub\">red: crop stress observed<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-map\"><svg class=\"nx-cx-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 480 250\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Field assessment plots: schematic on example geography. Illustrative.\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"cx-sea\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\" rx=\"4\"\/><path class=\"cx-land\" d=\"M483.3 125l-16 40.2-84.2 18.2-46.8 22.7-63 10.6-74.3 21.4-73.1-17-64.6-23.2-17.6-38.2-17.7-34.7 6.8-36.7 62.9-22.2 36.1-32.2 73.2-5.5 77.5-20.5 75.8 17.5 48.4 31.6 13.6 36.1z\"\/><path class=\"cx-haz2\" d=\"M317.5 112.5l-37 25-22.9 23.7-42.2 16-42.7-15.3-34.7-19.6-9.4-29.8-1.5-34 47.5-13.1 40.8-7.1 43 4.6 45.3 15.6z\"\/><circle class=\"cx-site-hot\" cx=\"187.4\" cy=\"96.2\" r=\"5.4\"\/><circle class=\"cx-site-hot\" cx=\"185.7\" cy=\"147.0\" r=\"4.2\"\/><circle class=\"cx-site-hot\" cx=\"326.7\" cy=\"205.8\" r=\"5.0\"\/><circle class=\"cx-site-hot\" cx=\"253.6\" cy=\"102.7\" r=\"3.8\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"210.3\" cy=\"167.9\" r=\"3.2\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"399.3\" cy=\"91.6\" r=\"7.6\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"259.9\" cy=\"79.2\" r=\"6.4\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"305.2\" cy=\"104.5\" r=\"6.7\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"85.7\" cy=\"146.6\" r=\"3.5\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"267.5\" cy=\"199.1\" r=\"5.1\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"222.5\" cy=\"157.8\" r=\"7.3\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"213.6\" cy=\"83.3\" r=\"4.6\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"369.3\" cy=\"195.7\" r=\"5.1\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"232.0\" cy=\"187.8\" r=\"6.9\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"151.1\" cy=\"99.8\" r=\"4.1\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"298.5\" cy=\"187.6\" r=\"6.5\"\/><text class=\"cx-lbl-s\" x=\"464\" y=\"236\" text-anchor=\"end\">Plot markers \u00b7 example positions<\/text><g class=\"cx-north\"><path d=\"M458 30 L463 18 L468 30 Z\"\/><text class=\"cx-lbl-s\" x=\"463\" y=\"42\" text-anchor=\"middle\">N<\/text><\/g><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Crop and harvest monitor: the screen&#8217;s structure, terms and states for Food, water and energy.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-standards\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where nexus findings are designed to go.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Joint analyses of the three <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> are designed for the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/series\/scenario-stress-test\/\">Scenario and Stress-Test series<\/a>, where an energy price shock is followed through fertiliser to the next harvest. Coefficients are averages; local practice can differ widely, and studies say so. Contributions that help: farm energy and water use records, and cases where an energy shock changed planting decisions.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-instrument\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" data-ns-layout=\"es-wide\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">A cascade through interdependent networks.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">A <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 hazard-footprint\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The mapped area and intensity field of a particular hazard event, used to overlay exposure and compute consequences.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">hazard footprint<\/a> takes out co-located assets in every layer; fragmentation, dependency between layers and overload of the survivors then spread the failure. The 3D view separates the layers by depth. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows The Black Sea region; the model itself is not tied to a place.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-in nx-fk\" id=\"nx-in-food-nexus-topics-food-water-energy-0\" data-nxi=\"cascade\" data-nxi-id=\"cascade\" data-nxi-z=\"fVVba+tGEP4rw0AgB7YHy46L0VsvlD4UWnIC5yH4YawdW0NWu2J3ZMcN\/u9lZUlRLqdPY8nsfJf5ZvWCKuoYS\/wFKkoVWQatY+gONYhXjpZb9pa9gmc9hfiU0GAdPCc9Y4kPTFUt\/gBNsOzgJFpDUlK2IM51SSOpHBmO5DpOBnxQIGgjW6lUgv+KBluK1CQsH19QLJbog+WM4mjHLjNLiTVByxEcnTmiwc6LYolosBGP5cZgQ89YrhYGk3KLZWGwh8Sy2Bi0WC4uZmi\/D0HbKF5nEH\/SvxQtzP8aIG4g7IEi04hVDFh3n2BtDLqA5dpgLVgWy3fIVehaJ\/7wUZvWpHC1GoIH8kHrj3JvRg6LgUOxmEisJxI\/L64sMsFMY7N4R4NcW9OMw7eWIkNFLVWiZ7jV4DiSr\/jL\/0AvP4NeDdDF4MB6hN4a3MszWyxfMHGuxWa1LjKHM8c8e\/xO2mv9J5z6+sCOq9Ak3F4Mhk7bTmcZES8q5D46WYvC7gxaM9T9UN9qeJsE8Z+1SCrOQc76dVY\/Ok5NOz\/ctE72UlGOdQ5NpjDQBEsNHfi1l0rTRzwbMfXLbs5z\/y0\/gwZIrHlH57EfXa1qippdfcYSfxsWuB+Lwbyf368qINV5xgOr3nS4vcnzHdd\/PLs7D6m75FGGNuXm140sH8c9meT8QeLYAvXGocG\/AvUBTl08yjHE\/O7vI0cXyObfvw+3SXWGPYnrYu\/CPScNsTcOtwad+KeM9rgwhSm25rEwy74uzaqvq+n9XV\/vpud1X9emMD8V2+2kYEzNfTGzd+RVTlQg1bJXcFcR2fhRBtz295tj+yXfWKMfmdhqOw3wfjlr\/yq1BBohQDwEP05A6YkT2HDycHq9AFI2UPSHkHevgL\/O9cxchF0Uf0jDXGBH1RPcWk5VlB3b6y1chabt9EP39faSF86zPrxLRmb19osgfh8paewq7SLj5T8=\" aria-label=\"A cascade through interdependent networks\"><div class=\"nx-in-body\"><div class=\"nx-in-main\"><div class=\"nx-in-tabs\" data-nxi-tabs=\"true\" aria-label=\"Views of the model\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"result\">Result<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"layers\">Layers in 3D<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"fan\">Uncertainty<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"tornado\">Sensitivity<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"loops\">Loops<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-stage\" id=\"nx-in-food-nexus-topics-food-water-energy-0-stage\" data-nxi-stage=\"true\" data-view=\"result\"><svg class=\"nx-in-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 720 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Cascade by layer\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-in-tip\" data-nxi-tip=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><div class=\"nx-in-bar\" data-nxi-bar=\"true\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Play over time\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-prev=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step back\">&#8249;<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-play=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Play<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-next=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step forward\">&#8250;<\/button><span class=\"nx-in-step\" data-nxi-step=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-side\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><div class=\"nx-in-ctl\" data-nxi-ctl=\"true\"><dl class=\"nx-in-pv\"><div><dt>Assets per layer<\/dt><dd>18<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Hazard footprint<\/dt><dd>8% of area<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Assets that depend on another layer<\/dt><dd>60%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Spare capacity (tolerance)<\/dt><dd>30%<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Readouts<\/p><dl class=\"nx-in-out\" data-nxi-out=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><div><dt>Assets hit by the hazard<\/dt><dd>7%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Assets still working<\/dt><dd>39%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Amplification of the initial damage<\/dt><dd>8.3 times<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Steps to settle<\/dt><dd>2<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><details class=\"nx-in-more\"><summary>Numbers, methods and sources<\/summary><div class=\"nx-in-more-in\"><div class=\"nx-in-tblw\" data-nxi-table=\"true\"><table class=\"nx-in-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Water working (%)<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Power working (%)<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Telecoms working (%)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">0<\/th><td>83<\/td><td>100<\/td><td>94<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">1<\/th><td>50<\/td><td>50<\/td><td>56<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">2<\/th><td>33<\/td><td>50<\/td><td>33<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-csv=\"true\" hidden>Download the numbers (CSV)<\/button><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Methods<\/h4><ol class=\"nx-in-meth\"><li>Interdependent networks <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Buldyrev and others (2010), Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks, Nature 464<\/span><\/li><li>Overload cascades <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Motter and Lai (2002), Physical Review E 66<\/span><\/li><li>Betweenness load <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Brandes (2001), Journal of Mathematical Sociology 25<\/span><\/li><li>Multilayer networks <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Kivela and others (2014), Journal of Complex Networks 2<\/span><\/li><li>Infrastructure interdependencies <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Rinaldi, Peerenboom and Kelly (2001), IEEE Control Systems 21(6)<\/span><\/li><li>Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333<\/span><\/li><li>One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley<\/span><\/li><\/ol><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Data<\/h4><p class=\"nx-p\">The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page&#8217;s map can draw:<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-src\"><li>Major roads <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Railways <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Seaports <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Airports <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Urban extents <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">NASA\/NOAA VIIRS (Suomi NPP) \u00b7 register nasa.gibs.context-live-layers<\/span><\/li><li>Natural events (NASA EONET) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">NASA EONET \u00b7 register nasa.eonet.events<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\">A cascade through interdependent networks. Illustrative teaching model: it runs on the values set by the controls, not on measured data. Methods: Interdependent networks (Buldyrev and others (2010), Catastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks, Nature 464); Overload cascades (Motter and Lai (2002), Physical Review E 66); Betweenness load (Brandes (2001), Journal of Mathematical Sociology 25).<\/figcaption><div class=\"nx-in-pls\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-pl\" aria-label=\"Where this instrument connects across the pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Experiments<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Built in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/foundry\/\">Food Nexus in Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Tested at<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/universe\/\">Food Nexus in Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Codified in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/\">Water and Food Systems in Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Published in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/reports\/\">Food Nexus in Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Taught in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/\">Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences in Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><span class=\"nx-in-keep\" hidden><i data-c=\"c1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c4\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c6\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"h3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"neg\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"0\"><\/i><i data-l=\"1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"2\"><\/i><i data-l=\"3\"><\/i><i data-l=\"4\"><\/i><i data-l=\"5\"><\/i><i data-on=\"0\"><\/i><i data-on=\"1\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"p\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"n\"><\/i><i data-k=\"R\"><\/i><i data-k=\"B\"><\/i><i data-k=\"dash\"><\/i><i data-dash=\"true\"><\/i><i data-view=\"result\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"on\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"off\"><\/i><i class=\"nx-in-svg nx-in-grid nx-in-ax nx-in-tk nx-in-at nx-in-ln nx-in-band nx-in-lbl nx-in-lk nx-in-ref nx-in-reft nx-in-mk nx-in-x nx-in-rect nx-in-val nx-in-rowl nx-in-cl nx-in-arrow nx-in-pol nx-in-cln nx-in-loop nx-in-edge nx-in-node nx-in-nl nx-in-reach nx-in-trib nx-in-agent nx-in-flow nx-in-legend nx-in-sw nx-in-note nx-in-loops nx-in-3d nx-in-cv nx-in-field nx-in-fl nx-in-fv nx-in-range nx-in-btn nx-in-err nx-in-tbl nx-in-cite\"><\/i><\/span><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"supply\" aria-label=\"Indicators, Twin and cascade simulator, Sources\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Indicators, Twin and cascade simulator, Sources\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-indicators\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Indicators<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-twin\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-sources\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Sources<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-indicators\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"supply\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What is measured, and how well.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each indicator carries its unit, its cadence, the kind of source behind it and the evidence label a value would carry. No values are shown: a programme supplies them under its own authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"register\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Water use efficiency in agriculture (SDG 6.4.1)<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">value added per cubic metre withdrawn<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">National water and economic accounts<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Crop water productivity<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">kilograms per cubic metre of evapotranspiration<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">seasonal<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Satellite evapotranspiration and biomass<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Area equipped for irrigation and area actually irrigated<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">hectares<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Irrigation statistics, satellite mapping<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Energy use in agriculture and food processing<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">terajoules<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">National energy balances<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Irrigation pumping electricity demand<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">gigawatt hours<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">seasonal<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Utility feeder metering<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Fertiliser-to-crop price ratio<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">ratio<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Commodity price series<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Groundwater level in irrigated districts<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">metres below ground<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Observation wells<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"indicators\" data-nxf-kind=\"indicator\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G02\/topics\/food-water-energy\/#indicators\" data-nxf-title=\"Indicators\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-span=\"wide\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Model food, water and energy as a system. Run the cascade.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Assembled from the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> area profile <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/food-security-and-nutrition-risk\/\">Food security and nutrition risk<\/a>: the hazards it names, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/system-builder\/\">System Builder<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-es-topics-food-water-energy-G02\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h57\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 soc.humanitarian.famine\" data-tk=\"Society, conflict and economy \u00b7 Humanitarian crises\" data-td=\"Extreme food deprivation with widespread starvation, acute malnutrition and rising deaths in a population.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H57\" data-tr=\"draft\">Famine<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h57\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 soc.humanitarian.mass-displacement\" data-tk=\"Society, conflict and economy \u00b7 Humanitarian crises\" data-td=\"Large numbers of people forced to leave their homes by conflict, disaster or collapse, straining host areas and services.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H57\" data-tr=\"draft\">Mass displacement<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h61\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 sys.cascade.health-system-overload\" data-tk=\"Systemic and compound events \u00b7 Cascading failure\" data-td=\"Demand for care exceeding capacity, from a surge of cases or injuries or from loss of staff and supplies, so that avoidable deaths rise.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H61\" data-tr=\"draft\">Health-system overload<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Chronic malnutrition (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Acute malnutrition surge (set off downstream)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/food-security-and-nutrition-risk\/\">Food security and nutrition risk<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/food-risk-standards\/\">Food and agriculture risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Mechanism<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/conflict-and-security-risk-standards\/\">Conflict and security risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/early-warning\/early-warning-and-anticipatory-action\/\">Early warning and anticipatory action<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Mechanism<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/health-risk-standards\/\">Health risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-0<\/code> Constitution and principles<\/li><li><code>NS-3<\/code> Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)<\/li><li><code>NS-9<\/code> Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)<\/li><li><code>NS-10<\/code> Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)<\/li><li><code>NS-11<\/code> Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H57<\/code> Hazard family: Humanitarian crises (NHS-1 soc.humanitarian)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H61<\/code> Hazard family: Cascading failure (NHS-1 sys.cascade)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H81<\/code> Hazard family: Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency (NHS-1 health.nutrition)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H59<\/code> Hazard family: Economic shocks and governance failure (NHS-1 soc.economic)<\/li><li><code>NRS-N3<\/code> Food and agriculture risk and resilience<\/li><li><code>NRS-N7<\/code> Water-energy-food-health-biodiversity-infrastructure nexus coupling<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>IPC acute food insecurity analyses (listed for reference)<\/li><li>FEWS NET outlooks and data (listed for reference)<\/li><li>FAO GIEWS Food Price Monitoring and Analysis tool (listed for reference)<\/li><li>CHIRPS quasi-global gridded precipitation (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Prevalence of undernourishment<\/li><li>Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity<\/li><li>Prevalence of stunting among children under 5 years of age<\/li><li>Prevalence of malnutrition among children under 5 years of age<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Example geography<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>The Ganges and Brahmaputra Basin: 178 hexagonal cells<\/li><li>Surface soil moisture (SMAP), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface water through cloud, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-S1 radar), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where the evidence comes from.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Named public datasets and institutional records, each with its licence class. Sources by agreement are used only under their terms and never republished.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it gives<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">FAO AQUASTAT<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Agricultural water withdrawal, irrigated area and water use efficiency by country<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">FAO WaPOR<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Satellite evapotranspiration, biomass and water productivity for Africa and the Near East<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">FAOSTAT energy use and fertiliser domains<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Energy consumed in agriculture and fertiliser use by country<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">World Bank Commodity Price Data (Pink Sheet)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Monthly prices for fertilisers, energy and crops<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">IEA World Energy Balances<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Energy supply and use by sector, agriculture included<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Licensed, with some free indicators<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Global Map of Irrigation Areas (FAO and University of Bonn)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Gridded area equipped for irrigation<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free, attribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">National utility and water agency records<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Feeder-level pumping demand and well levels<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">By agreement with each agency<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G02\/topics\/food-water-energy\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Sources\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-signature\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"supply\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sector signature<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The sector signature of food, water and energy.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The sectors food, water and energy touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig\" data-nx-sig=\"WEIF\" data-sig-name=\"Water, Energy and Food\" data-sig-line=\"Water gives energy cooling water and hydropower (0.6); water gives food irrigation (0.8): the strongest relations between the sectors this subject joins.\" data-sig-inst=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-plate\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Signatures in context\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span>Select corners \u00b7 hover lines<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">6 \/ 15 relations<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sector signature hexagon: Water, Energy, Infrastructure and Food selected, 6 of 15 relations in play, coupling 0.46. Teaching values.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Signature<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Water, Energy and Food<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Water gives energy cooling water and hydropower (0.6); water gives food irrigation (0.8): the strongest relations between the sectors this subject joins.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>W<\/span> \u00b7 <span>E<\/span> \u00b7 <span>I<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">H<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">B<\/span><\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Sectors<\/dt><dd><strong>4<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Relations<\/dt><dd><strong>6<\/strong> <small>of 15<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coupling<\/dt><dd><strong>0.46<\/strong> <small>share of total<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><h3 class=\"nx-nsig-dh\">Strongest relations in play<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-nsig-rel\"><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Energy \u2192 Infrastructure<\/b> \u00b7 power for transport and telecoms<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.8<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Energy<\/b> \u00b7 cooling water and hydropower<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"6\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.6<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Food<\/b> \u00b7 irrigation<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.8<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Infrastructure \u2192 Water<\/b> \u00b7 pipes, dams and treatment works<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"6\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.6<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"all\">Select all<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-sig-act=\"copy\">Copy signature<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements for any place. Coupling is the summed strength of the relations in play, as a share of all fifteen.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-3\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-label=\"Decisions, Methods and evidence, Core questions, Mechanisms\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Decisions, Methods and evidence, Core questions, Mechanisms\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-decisions\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Decisions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-audience\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Methods and evidence<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Core questions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-mechanisms\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Mechanisms<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-decisions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Decisions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who decides, and what the evidence serves.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Food Nexus prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Who decides<\/th><th scope=\"col\">The question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence this page serves<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Agriculture, water and energy ministries together<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">How much irrigation a basin and a grid can carry in a dry year, and who bears the shortfall<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Coupled scenarios with each sector&#8217;s loss stated separately<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Electricity regulators and distribution utilities<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">How to reform farm power tariffs or supply schedules without cutting food output<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Pumping demand by feeder, groundwater trends and crop water productivity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Agriculture and finance ministries setting input policy<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Whether to buffer farmers against a fertiliser price spike, and how<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Fertiliser-to-crop price ratios and estimated application response<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Irrigation agencies and water user associations<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Which schemes to modernise and where water savings are real rather than reallocated<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Basin accounts that separate consumption from return flows<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-4\">Outputs this topic produces<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Water and energy footprints of production by crop and district<\/li><li>Compound heat and drought scenarios across irrigation, power and supply<\/li><li>Fertiliser and energy price transmission traces<\/li><li>Allocation options with food, water and energy losses stated apart<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and evidence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How food, water and energy is modelled, measured and tested.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"science\" data-au-n=\"1\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"system-model\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">System model<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">The couplings between the systems in food, water and energy: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.<\/p><div class=\"nx-au-fig\"><svg class=\"nx-au-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 560 250\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Causal loop diagram of Food, Trade, Climate, Communities, Economy\" focusable=\"false\"><line class=\"nx-au-ac\" x1=\"280\" y1=\"32\" x2=\"398.6\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"339.3\" y=\"57.71\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"280\" y1=\"32\" x2=\"206.7\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"398.6\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"353.3\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"375.95\" y=\"135.5\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"398.6\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"161.4\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"353.3\" y1=\"187.58\" x2=\"206.7\" y2=\"187.58\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"280\" y=\"183.58\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u2212<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"206.7\" y1=\"187.58\" x2=\"161.4\" y2=\"91.42\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"184.05\" y=\"135.5\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"161.4\" y1=\"91.42\" x2=\"280\" y2=\"32\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"220.7\" y=\"57.71\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd nx-au-nd-ac\" cx=\"280.0\" cy=\"32.0\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"20\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Food<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd nx-au-nd-ac\" cx=\"398.6\" cy=\"91.4\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"410.6\" y=\"95.42\" text-anchor=\"start\">Trade<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"353.3\" cy=\"187.6\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"365.3\" y=\"205.58\" text-anchor=\"start\">Climate<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"206.7\" cy=\"187.6\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"194.7\" y=\"205.58\" text-anchor=\"end\">Communities<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"161.4\" cy=\"91.4\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"149.4\" y=\"95.42\" text-anchor=\"end\">Economy<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"114\" text-anchor=\"middle\">R  reinforcing<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"280\" y=\"132\" text-anchor=\"middle\">B  balancing<\/text><\/svg><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Causal loop diagram from the page&#8217;s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">FAIR guiding principles \u00b7 GO FAIR and FORCE11<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">W3C PROV \u00b7 World Wide Web Consortium<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Guidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties \u00b7 IPCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">CEOS Analysis Ready Data \u00b7 Committee on Earth Observation Satellites<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"supply\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Core questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What experts ask.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Shortages in water or energy rarely stay in one sector. When a reservoir runs low or fuel prices rise, irrigation, processing, transport and storage are affected together, and the costs reach farmers and consumers at the same time. Experts therefore analyse the three <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> jointly rather than one at a time.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>How much water does a production system use, from which sources, and is that use sustainable over time?<\/li><li>How do energy prices and supply reliability affect irrigation, fertiliser, processing and cold storage?<\/li><li>Where do food, water and energy compete for the same resource, for example river flow for irrigation and hydropower?<\/li><li>Which options, such as efficient irrigation, solar pumping or crop changes, reduce combined risk without shifting it elsewhere?<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-mechanisms\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-15\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">15<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanisms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Drivers and processes.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The three <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> are coupled through physical flows, prices and policy.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M7 16.3c2.2 0 4-1.83 4-4.05 0-1.16-.57-2.26-1.71-3.19S7.29 6.75 7 5.3c-.29 1.45-1.14 2.84-2.29 3.76S3 11.1 3 12.25c0 2.22 1.8 4.05 4 4.05z\"\/><path d=\"M12.56 6.6A10.97 10.97 0 0 0 14 3.02c.5 2.5 2 4.9 4 6.5s3 3.5 3 5.5a6.98 6.98 0 0 1-11.91 4.97\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Water<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Irrigation and groundwater<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Groundwater pumping supports production in many dry regions but can deplete aquifers. Efficiency gains can raise total use if irrigated area expands. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/\">Water Nexus<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M4 14a1 1 0 0 1-.78-1.63l9.9-10.2a.5.5 0 0 1 .86.46l-1.92 6.02A1 1 0 0 0 13 10h7a1 1 0 0 1 .78 1.63l-9.9 10.2a.5.5 0 0 1-.86-.46l1.92-6.02A1 1 0 0 0 11 14z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Energy<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Power and fertiliser<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Nitrogen fertiliser manufacture is energy-intensive, so energy shocks become fertiliser shocks. Irrigation and cold chains need reliable power. See <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/\">Energy Nexus<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m16 16 3-8 3 8c-.87.65-1.92 1-3 1s-2.13-.35-3-1Z\"\/><path d=\"m2 16 3-8 3 8c-.87.65-1.92 1-3 1s-2.13-.35-3-1Z\"\/><path d=\"M7 21h10\"\/><path d=\"M12 3v18\"\/><path d=\"M3 7h2c2 0 5-1 7-2 2 1 5 2 7 2h2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Policy<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Subsidies and incentives<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Subsidised electricity or water can encourage over-pumping; removing subsidies abruptly can hurt farm incomes.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-4\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"food\" aria-label=\"Methods and data, Methods, Sources, Questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Methods and data, Methods, Sources, Questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Methods and data<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-methods\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Methods<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Sources<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-19-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-16\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">16<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-16\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How the evidence is built, and its limits.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ol class=\"nx-rows\"><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">01<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Water accounting<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Basin water balances built with <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/hydrology\/\">hydrology and water science<\/a> track supply and use. Groundwater data are often sparse.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">02<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Energy and input data<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Fuel, power and fertiliser prices and use show exposure; farm-level energy data are limited.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">03<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Integrated models<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Linked water, energy and land models built with <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/engineering\/environmental-engineering\/\">water and environmental engineering<\/a> and optimisation and operations research explore trade-offs. They are sensitive to assumptions about behaviour and policy.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">04<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Satellite evapotranspiration<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Estimates crop water use over large areas, with errors that vary by method and season.<\/p><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"supply\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-17\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">17<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-17\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How it is studied, and what the methods cannot say.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-methods\" data-limits=\"true\"><ol class=\"nx-mledger\" aria-label=\"Methods\"><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/stem\/hydrology\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Hydrology and water science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Irrigation supply and demand \u00b7 Agricultural drought monitoring \u00b7 Flood exposure of cropland<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/hydrology\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Hydrology and water science\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/stem\/optimization\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Optimisation and operations research<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Humanitarian supply and prepositioning \u00b7 Strategic reserve design<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/optimization\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Optimisation and operations research\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/stem\/econometrics\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Econometrics<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Price transmission and market integration \u00b7 Effects of trade policy<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/econometrics\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Econometrics\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/stem\/earth-observation\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Earth observation and remote sensing<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Crop condition monitoring \u00b7 Crop type and area mapping \u00b7 Irrigation and water productivity<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/earth-observation\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Earth observation and remote sensing\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/stem\/environmental-engineering\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Water and environmental engineering<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Irrigation and drainage design \u00b7 Safe wastewater reuse in agriculture<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/engineering\/environmental-engineering\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Water and environmental engineering\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-limits\" aria-label=\"What the methods cannot say\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the methods cannot say<\/span><p class=\"nx-limits-text\">Most irrigation water is unmetered and is estimated from satellites and crop models with wide error. Efficiency gains on a farm can raise basin consumption when saved water is reused or irrigated area expands, so field and basin accounts must be read together. Energy use in agriculture is often merged with other sectors in national balances. The response of fertiliser use to prices differs by crop, credit and policy, and is estimated rather than observed.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-18\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">18<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Where this page&#8217;s references<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-18\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page&#8217;s references lead.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.fao.org\/\"><span>Energy-smart food for people and climate, issue paper (FAO, 2011)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ipbes.net\/nexus-assessment\"><span>IPBES Nexus Assessment on biodiversity, water, food and health (IPBES, 2024)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/aquastat\/\"><span>FAO AQUASTAT and the SDG 6.4.2 water stress method (FAO)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/7\/4\/045802\"><span>Macknick and others, Operational water consumption and withdrawal factors for electricity generating technologies, Environmental Research Letters 7 (2012)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-19-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"food\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-19\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">19<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-19\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>Does efficient irrigation always save water?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Not at basin scale. Drip and sprinkler systems often reduce return flows that downstream users relied on, and saved water is frequently used to expand irrigated area. Only consumption accounts show the real effect.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why do gas prices affect harvests?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Because most nitrogen fertiliser is made from natural gas. When gas prices rise, fertiliser becomes costly, farmers apply less, and cereal yields in particular fall in the following season.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is the water, energy and food nexus approach?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">An approach that assesses water, energy and food security together because their demands and supplies are linked. FAO and others have published frameworks for applying it to policy and investment decisions.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is the water\u2013energy\u2013food nexus approach a planning method?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">It is a way of analysing linked systems so that decisions in one consider effects on the others. Specific planning methods vary by context.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does more efficient irrigation always save water?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Not always. If saved water is used to expand irrigated area or grow thirstier crops, total consumption can rise. Basin-level accounting is needed.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Who works on water and energy themselves?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/\">Water Nexus<\/a> and Energy Nexus at The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). Food Nexus works with them on shared questions.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"supply\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Food Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Sector Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Evidence Brief<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/food-nexus\/topics\/food-water-energy#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-food-nexus-topics-food-water-energy-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-food-nexus-topics-food-water-energy-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-food-nexus-topics-food-water-energy-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/hydropower\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Hydropower reservoir<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/systems-nexus\/wefe-nexus\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Water-energy-food-ecosystems nexus<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/water-risk-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Water risk standards<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-20\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Food Nexus<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-20\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring a method, a dataset or a question.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Information and enquiries are open today. 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