{"id":162,"date":"2026-10-13T12:05:31","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T12:05:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/?page_id=162"},"modified":"2026-10-13T19:10:46","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T19:10:46","slug":"complex-systems","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/stem\/complex-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"Complex systems modelling for health"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- Nexus network page \u00b7 https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/stem\/complex-systems\/ \u00b7 source template \u00b7 generated by integrations\/wordpress\/network\/build.mjs, never edit this file --><script type=\"text\/x-nexus\" class=\"_iub_cs_skip\" id=\"nxe-fig-engine\" 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\"><style>#nxe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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n2li3rsy.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-hero\" data-layout=\"console\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-title-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-theme-toggle\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Appearance of this page\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"light\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Light<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"dark\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Dark<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"auto\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Auto<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-folio\" aria-label=\"Document reference\"><strong>G04 \u00b7 METHOD \u00b7 complex-systems<\/strong>GCRI dossier \u00b7 service level R0<\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-grid\"><div class=\"nx-hero-text\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Health Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Established<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-accent-row\"><span class=\"nx-accent-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span>Method page \u00b7 Complex systems and agent-based modelling<\/span><\/div><h1 id=\"nx-title-1\" class=\"nx-hero-title\">Complex systems modelling for health<\/h1><p class=\"nx-tagline\">Complex systems methods show how health risk emerges from interactions: people mixing and moving, hospitals sharing patients and staff, supply networks sharing suppliers, and health services depending on power and water. Agent-based and system dynamics models let these interactions be explored as scenarios, with every assumption visible.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/stem\/\">Back to STEM foundation of Health Nexus<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Method record<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">complex-systems<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Method<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Complex systems and agent-based modelling<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Steward<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/systems-modelling\/\">Systems Science and Modelling<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Applied in<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Health Nexus<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Data<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"#nx-sec-data\">4 inputs<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Checks<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"#nx-sec-checks\">3 validation steps<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Canonical page<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/complex-systems\/\">STEM Commons<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-register-foot\">GCRI \u00b7 Established \u00b7 service level R0<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section> <nav class=\"nx-index-strip\" data-nx-spy=\"true\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><a href=\"#nx-sec-brief-answer\"><span>01<\/span>The short answer<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-application\"><span>02<\/span>What complex systems and agent-based\u2026<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-terms\"><span>03<\/span>Terms used on this page<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-field\"><span>04<\/span>Access to care in the Horn of Africa<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-canvas\"><span>05<\/span>The method as a run graph<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-data\"><span>06<\/span>What the method consumes<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-checks\"><span>07<\/span>How results are checked<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-connections\"><span>08<\/span>Topics that rely on this method<\/a><\/div><\/nav> <section id=\"nx-sec-brief-answer\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">In brief<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The short answer.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Agent-based and system dynamics models are complex systems methods that represent individuals, institutions and their interactions to explore how health risk emerges. They are used for epidemics spreading through contact and mobility, cascades between hospitals and power or water, and patient transfer networks, always as scenarios with visible assumptions.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-application\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Application<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What complex systems and agent-based modelling does here.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Complex systems and agent-based modelling study systems whose behaviour emerges from interactions among many components. They help explain nonlinear dynamics, tipping points and collective behaviour. In health and biosecurity, complex systems approaches explore how interacting risks can produce sudden, systemic shifts. They support stress testing of policies against emergent behaviour. The canonical description is on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/complex-systems\/\">the STEM Commons<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cols\"><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect x=\"16\" y=\"16\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" rx=\"1\"\/><rect x=\"2\" y=\"16\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" rx=\"1\"\/><rect x=\"9\" y=\"2\" width=\"6\" height=\"6\" rx=\"1\"\/><path d=\"M5 16v-3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h12a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v3\"\/><path d=\"M12 12V8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Contact and mobility networks<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Agent-based models represent households, schools, workplaces and travel, so the effect of contact patterns and public health measures on transmission can be explored under stated parameters.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"4.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m10.2 6.3-3.9 3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"4.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"M7 12h10\"\/><circle cx=\"19.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m13.8 17.7 3.9-3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"19.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Cascades across health and infrastructure<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">System dynamics models link power, water, staff and supply buffers to service capacity, tracing how a grid outage or heatwave propagates into hospital functions over hours and days.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M9 19h8.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 0 0-7h-11a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 0-7H15\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Patient transfer networks<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Networks of referrals and transfers between hospitals are analysed to see where surges concentrate and how resistant organisms can spread between facilities.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-terms\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Key terms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Terms used on this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Agent-based model<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">A simulation of many individual agents following rules, from which population-level patterns emerge.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">System dynamics<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">A modelling approach using stocks, flows and feedback loops to study how a system behaves over time.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Scenario<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">A plausible description of how the future may unfold under stated assumptions, not a prediction.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Access to care in the Horn of Africa.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">How far each division sits from a large city, with the roads and airports that carry patients and supplies, shown for the Horn of Africa as an example geography for this subject.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-map nx-cmap\" data-nx-map=\"ctx\" data-cmap=\"horn-of-africa:health\" data-ramp=\"red\" data-basis=\"case\" data-focus=\"0 0 2000 1400|345 154 1377 954|400 838 957 1400|893 351 1610 1309|1010 391 1442 633\"><figure class=\"nx-fk\" data-fk=\"map-horn-of-africa-health\" data-ramp=\"red\" 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\"><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>How far each division sits from a large city, with the roads and airports that carry patients and supplies.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Indicator derived from Natural Earth at map scale; a screening view, not an assessment.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G04\/stem\/complex-systems\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Health Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-map-hud\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 Health Nexus \u00b7 field<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-map-hud-right\">DESIGN FIGURE<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-canvas\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Canvas<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The method as a run graph.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Data from the source register feeds the methods; calibration and an independent test gate the estimate and its limits; the decision stays with the competent authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-plate\" data-wide=\"true\"><div class=\"nx-plate-label\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Method canvas<\/strong> \u00b7 Complex systems and agent-based modelling as applied here<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Design, not a record<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-figure-frame\" data-scene=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-figure nx-ui nx-dag\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 564\" data-nx-dag=\"true\" data-w=\"1200\" data-h=\"564\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-dag-g04-stem-complex-systems-systemic-cascade-t nx-dag-g04-stem-complex-systems-systemic-cascade-d\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><title id=\"nx-dag-g04-stem-complex-systems-systemic-cascade-t\">Complex systems and agent-based modelling in Health Nexus: a cascade across interdependent systems<\/title><desc id=\"nx-dag-g04-stem-complex-systems-systemic-cascade-d\">A hazard hits one system; dependencies carry the failure into others; impact grows until buffers, redundancy or restoration priorities stop it; the analysis ranks the links to strengthen. Design of the process, not a record of a run.<\/desc><\/svg><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-caption\"><strong>Fig. 01<\/strong><span>Nodes carry their type, metrics and state; connectors show what feeds what; the gates are the validation steps; the timeline is one application. Design of the method's use, not a record of a run.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-data\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What the method consumes.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Datasets and records used by complex systems and agent-based modelling on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/research\/sources\/\">the source register<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"register\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Data<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Social contact surveys<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Mixing matrices by age and setting<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Aggregated mobility data from transport and telecommunications<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Movement between places<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Hospital transfer records<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Referral network structure<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Facility dependency inventories<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Buffers and failure thresholds<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OFFICIAL<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"data\" data-nxf-kind=\"data\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G04\/stem\/complex-systems\/#data\" data-nxf-title=\"Method record\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G04\/stem\/complex-systems\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-checks\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Validation<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How results are checked.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Models are evaluated by matching multiple stylised facts and patterns at different scales. Sensitivity and robustness analysis test dependence on assumptions.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Check<\/th><th scope=\"col\">How it is done<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Pattern-oriented validation<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Models must reproduce several observed patterns at different scales, not a single curve<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Global sensitivity analysis<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">The parameters that drive most of the outcome range are identified and reported<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Structural alternatives<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Results are compared with simpler or differently structured models before conclusions are drawn<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Many plausible models can reproduce the same patterns. Calibration and validation data are often limited.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-connections\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connections<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Topics that rely on this method.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/health-system-continuity\/\"><span>Health system continuity<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/one-health\/\"><span>One Health<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/infectious-threats\/\"><span>Infectious threats<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/environmental-health\/\"><span>Environmental health<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/health-supply-chains\/\"><span>Health supply chains<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/digital-health-risk\/\"><span>Digital health risk<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/healthcare-infrastructure\/\"><span>Healthcare infrastructure<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-stewardship\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Stewardship<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who maintains the method.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/systems-modelling\/\">Systems Science and Modelling<\/a> stewards complex systems and agent-based modelling for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/complex-systems\/\">Canonical page: Complex systems and agent-based modelling<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-11-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connected<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page leads across the Consortium.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/complex-systems\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Canonical method page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Complex systems and agent-based modelling<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Platform application links to the canonical method page.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/systems-modelling\/stem\/complex-systems\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Steward platform<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Complex systems methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Systems Science and Modelling stewards this method.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-12-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>What are the limits of complex systems and agent-based modelling in this field?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Many plausible models can reproduce the same patterns. 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