{"id":173,"date":"2026-10-13T12:08:01","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T12:08:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/?page_id=173"},"modified":"2026-10-13T19:23:43","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T19:23:43","slug":"health-system-continuity","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/health-system-continuity\/","title":{"rendered":"Health system continuity"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- Nexus network page \u00b7 https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/health-system-continuity\/ \u00b7 source authored \u00b7 generated by integrations\/wordpress\/network\/build.mjs, never edit this file --><script type=\"text\/x-nexus\" class=\"_iub_cs_skip\" id=\"nxe-fig-engine\" 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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n2hdku1b.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-hero\" data-layout=\"fieldmap\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-title-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-theme-toggle\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Appearance of this page\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"light\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Light<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"dark\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Dark<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"auto\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Auto<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-folio\" aria-label=\"Document reference\"><strong>G04 \u00b7 TOPIC \u00b7 health-system-continuity<\/strong>GCRI dossier \u00b7 service level R0<\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-grid\"><div class=\"nx-hero-text\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Health Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Established<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-accent-row\"><span class=\"nx-accent-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span>Topic dossier \u00b7 Health Nexus<\/span><\/div><h1 id=\"nx-title-1\" class=\"nx-hero-title\">Health system continuity<\/h1><p class=\"nx-tagline\">A health system keeps working through a shock when its staff, power, water, medicines, data and referral routes hold together long enough for essential care to continue. Continuity fails at the weakest of these dependencies, often far from the hazard itself. This page sets out how disruption develops and propagates through services, how continuity is measured, and what the evidence serves for the institutions that must keep care running.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/\">Back to Topics<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-stage\" data-lv-fill=\"map\" data-lv-id=\"surveillance\"><div class=\"nx-map nx-cmap\" data-nx-map=\"ctx\" data-cmap=\"ethiopia:health\" data-ramp=\"red\" data-basis=\"case\" data-focus=\"0 0 2000 1400|324 575 1255 1307|850 499 1791 1319|452 210 968 748\"><figure class=\"nx-fk\" data-fk=\"map-ethiopia-health\" data-ramp=\"red\" 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\"><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>How far each division sits from a large city, with the roads and airports that carry patients and supplies.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Indicator derived from Natural Earth at map scale; a screening view, not an assessment.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G04\/topics\/health-system-continuity\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Health Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-map-hud\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 Health Nexus \u00b7 field<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-map-hud-right\">DESIGN FIGURE<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section> <nav class=\"nx-index-strip\" data-nx-spy=\"true\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><a href=\"#nx-sec-brief-answer\"><span>01<\/span>The short answer<\/a><a href=\"#nx-s-3-sec\"><span>02<\/span>Surveillance and capacity board, in\u2026<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-question\"><span>03<\/span>Health system continuity: how the\u2026<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-terms\"><span>04<\/span>Terms used on this page<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-indicators\"><span>05<\/span>What is measured, and how well<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-pipeline\"><span>06<\/span>From sources to decisions<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-sources\"><span>07<\/span>Where the evidence comes from<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-decisions\"><span>08<\/span>Who decides, and what the evidence\u2026<\/a><\/div><\/nav> <section id=\"nx-sec-brief-answer\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">In brief<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The short answer.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Health system continuity is the ability of a health system to keep essential care running through a shock, which holds only while staff, power, water, medicines, data and referral routes hold together. Continuity fails at the weakest dependency, often far from the hazard, and the indirect toll of missed care can exceed the direct one.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-3-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Console<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Surveillance and capacity board, in outline.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The working screen behind this subject: its structure, terms and states. Names are placeholders and values illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-health-surveillance\" data-cx=\"health.surveillance\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Surveillance and capacity board: illustrative console with placeholder names and values\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Surveillance and capacity board: the screen's structure, terms and states for Health system continuity.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Placeholder names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-question\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The question<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Health system continuity: how the risk develops.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Hospitals, staff, power and essential services. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"2\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"4.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m10.2 6.3-3.9 3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"4.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"M7 12h10\"\/><circle cx=\"19.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m13.8 17.7 3.9-3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"19.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Dependencies fail in sequence<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">A facility depends on grid power, piped water, medical oxygen, fuel, communications and supply deliveries. Losing one rarely stops care at once: generators, stored water and buffer stock buy time, and the binding constraint is whichever buffer runs out first.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M16 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M22 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87\"\/><path d=\"M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">The workforce is the first buffer<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Staff absorb surges through overtime, redeployment and task shifting, but illness, displacement, caring duties and unpaid salaries erode that capacity. A system that loses staff loses services even when its buildings and supplies are intact.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M22 12h-2.48a2 2 0 0 0-1.93 1.46l-2.35 8.36a.25.25 0 0 1-.48 0L9.24 2.18a.25.25 0 0 0-.48 0l-2.35 8.36A2 2 0 0 1 4.49 12H2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Essential services are crowded out<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">During an epidemic or disaster, routine immunisation, maternal care, chronic disease management and mental health services are deferred or abandoned. The indirect harm from interrupted care appears later than the direct harm of the shock and is counted less often.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M5 22h14\"\/><path d=\"M5 2h14\"\/><path d=\"M17 22v-4.172a2 2 0 0 0-.586-1.414L12 12l-4.414 4.414A2 2 0 0 0 7 17.828V22\"\/><path d=\"M7 2v4.172a2 2 0 0 0 .586 1.414L12 12l4.414-4.414A2 2 0 0 0 17 6.172V2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Disruption compounds across shocks<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">A system still recovering from one event meets the next with depleted staff, stock and finance. Heat during an outbreak, or conflict during a flood, stacks the pressures, and recovery lengthens with each overlapping shock.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-terms\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Key terms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Terms used on this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Essential health services<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">The services a health system must sustain during an emergency, such as emergency care, maternal and child health, and treatment for chronic conditions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Surge capacity<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">A health system's ability to expand care quickly beyond normal capacity in staff, space, supplies and systems.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Tracer medicine<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">A medicine whose availability is tracked as a signal of the wider supply of essential medicines in a facility.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-indicators\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What is measured, and how well.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each indicator carries its unit, its cadence, the kind of source behind it and the evidence label a value would carry. No values are shown: a programme supplies them under its own authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"register\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Essential health service disruption<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of tracer services reported disrupted<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per survey round<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Key informant national and facility surveys<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Routine service volume against expected<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">ratio of observed to expected visits<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Routine health information systems such as DHIS2<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Facilities with reliable electricity and water<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of facilities<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per assessment<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Facility surveys such as SARA and SPA<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Backup power and water endurance<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">hours of autonomous operation<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per facility<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Facility asset registers<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OFFICIAL<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Health worker density<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">doctors, nurses and midwives per ten thousand population<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">National health workforce accounts<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OFFICIAL<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Unfilled shifts<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of rostered shifts unfilled<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">weekly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Hospital human resources records<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Tracer medicine stock-out<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of facilities reporting a stock-out<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Logistics management information systems<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Bed occupancy and surge capacity<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent occupied; additional beds deployable<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">daily<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Hospital bed management systems<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"indicators\" data-nxf-kind=\"indicator\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G04\/topics\/health-system-continuity\/#indicators\" data-nxf-title=\"Indicators\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pipeline\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Canvas<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">From sources to decisions.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The topic as a computational graph: named sources feed the methods, an evidence review gates the outputs, and the decisions stay with the authorities that hold them.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-plate\" data-wide=\"true\"><div class=\"nx-plate-label\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Pipeline canvas<\/strong> \u00b7 Health system continuity as a run graph<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Design, not a record<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-figure-frame\" data-scene=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-figure nx-ui nx-dag\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 564\" data-nx-dag=\"true\" data-w=\"1200\" data-h=\"564\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-dag-g04-topics-health-system-continuity-ipcc--t nx-dag-g04-topics-health-system-continuity-ipcc--d\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><title id=\"nx-dag-g04-topics-health-system-continuity-ipcc--t\">Health system continuity: risk as hazard, exposure and vulnerability<\/title><desc id=\"nx-dag-g04-topics-health-system-continuity-ipcc--d\">Risk arises from the interaction of hazard, exposure and vulnerability (sensitivity and adaptive capacity); responses act on each driver and leave a residual risk that is monitored. Design of the process, not a record of a run.<\/desc><\/svg><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-caption\"><strong>Fig. 02<\/strong><span>Nodes carry their type, two metric rows and a state; connectors show what feeds what; dashed frames name the owners; the timeline is the cadence. Design of the pipeline, not a record of a run.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-sources\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where the evidence comes from.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Named public datasets and institutional records, each with its licence class. Sources by agreement are used only under their terms and never republished.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it gives<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">WHO pulse surveys on continuity of essential health services<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">National reports of service disruption, its causes and mitigation across tracer services<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Published records, WHO terms of use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">DHIS2 national health information systems<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Routine facility reporting of service volumes, stock and workforce<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">By agreement with each ministry of health<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">WHO SARA and DHS Service Provision Assessment surveys<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Facility readiness: power, water, equipment, staff, diagnostics and medicines<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Terms per survey programme<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">WHO National Health Workforce Accounts<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Health workforce stock, distribution and flows by cadre<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Open, attribution, WHO terms of use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">WHO HeRAMS<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Functionality, accessibility and service availability of facilities in emergencies<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">By agreement; public summaries<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">WHO Global Health Expenditure Database<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Health spending by source of financing and function<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Open, attribution, WHO terms of use<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G04\/topics\/health-system-continuity\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Sources\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-decisions\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Decisions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who decides, and what the evidence serves.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Health Nexus prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Who decides<\/th><th scope=\"col\">The question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence this page serves<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Ministries of health<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Which essential services must be protected first in a shock, and with what reserve capacity<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Tracer-service disruption patterns; dependency maps; workforce and stock buffers by district<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Hospital boards and managers<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Where to invest first: backup power, water storage, oxygen supply or surge staffing<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Endurance hours by dependency; stress tests by facility and scenario<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Finance ministries and development partners<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">How much contingency financing keeps services running, and how fast it must flow<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Continuity scenarios with service losses stated apart from the direct impacts of the shock<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">WHO regional offices and national public health institutes<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Where to deploy surge teams and supplies when several countries are affected at once<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Comparable continuity evidence across countries, with reporting completeness labelled<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-4\">Outputs this topic produces<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Dependency maps of facilities on power, water, oxygen, staff and supplies<\/li><li>Continuity stress tests for outbreak, heat, flood and outage scenarios<\/li><li>Expected-against-observed service tracking with reporting completeness stated<\/li><li>Health-system resilience briefs prepared for review by ministries<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Core questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What experts ask.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Continuity starts from services, not buildings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Which services are essential, and for how long can each be interrupted before harm occurs?<\/li><li>What does each essential service depend on, including dependencies outside the health sector?<\/li><li>How long can backup power, water storage, oxygen and medicine stocks sustain operations?<\/li><li>Can enough staff reach the facility and work safely during the event?<\/li><li>How do neighbouring facilities absorb diverted patients, and what happens when they are affected too?<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-mechanisms\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanisms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Mechanisms and drivers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Hospitals are designed with redundancy, but redundancy is usually sized for single failures of limited duration. Extended or compound events, such as a regional outage during a heatwave, can exhaust backup fuel, overheat equipment and wards, and coincide with a surge in patients. Small dependencies with no substitute, such as a single medical gas supplier or a laboratory information system, can halt whole departments.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Workforce is often the binding constraint. Staff are themselves affected by the event, may be unable to travel, and fatigue quickly under surge conditions. Continuity also degrades gradually rather than failing outright: elective activity is cancelled first, then standards of care are adjusted, and harm accumulates among patients whose treatment is delayed.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How it is studied, and where the methods stop.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Method or data<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it shows<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Limits<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Method or data\">Facility dependency mapping<\/td><td data-label=\"What it shows\">Which services rely on which utilities, suppliers and systems<\/td><td data-label=\"Limits\">Depends on accurate internal data that facilities may not hold or share<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Method or data\">Business impact and maximum tolerable outage analysis<\/td><td data-label=\"What it shows\">How long each service can be interrupted<\/td><td data-label=\"Limits\">Tolerances are judgements and vary with case mix<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Method or data\">Exercises and after-action reviews<\/td><td data-label=\"What it shows\">How plans perform with real people<\/td><td data-label=\"Limits\">Exercises rarely test long or compound disruptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Method or data\">Discrete-event and agent-based simulation<\/td><td data-label=\"What it shows\">Queues, bed occupancy and staff load under surge<\/td><td data-label=\"Limits\">Results are sensitive to behavioural assumptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Method or data\">Routine activity and outcome data<\/td><td data-label=\"What it shows\">Deferred care and excess harm after events<\/td><td data-label=\"Limits\">Attribution to the disruption needs careful causal design<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How it is studied, and what the methods cannot say.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-methods\" data-limits=\"true\"><ol class=\"nx-mledger\" aria-label=\"Methods\"><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/stem\/epidemiology\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Epidemiology and public health science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Surveillance design and evaluation \u00b7 Nowcasting under reporting delay<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/epidemiology\/\" aria-label=\"Epidemiology and public health science: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/stem\/complex-systems\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Complex systems and agent-based modelling<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Contact and mobility networks \u00b7 Cascades across health and infrastructure<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/complex-systems\/\" aria-label=\"Complex systems and agent-based modelling: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/stem\/probability-statistics\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Probability and statistics<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Survey-weighted and small-area estimation \u00b7 Expected baselines for excess mortality<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/probability-statistics\/\" aria-label=\"Probability and statistics: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/stem\/data-engineering\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Data engineering, interoperability and stewardship<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Linking health information systems \u00b7 Privacy-preserving publication<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/data-engineering\/\" aria-label=\"Data engineering, interoperability and stewardship: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/stem\/causal-inference\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Causal inference and impact evaluation<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Evaluating public health measures \u00b7 Exposure-response for heat and air<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/causal-inference\/\" aria-label=\"Causal inference and impact evaluation: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-limits\" aria-label=\"What the methods cannot say\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the methods cannot say<\/span><p class=\"nx-limits-text\">Disruption surveys rely on key informants and national self-report, so they show where services were reported disrupted, not how many people missed care. Routine data lose completeness exactly when systems are under stress, which can make disruption look smaller or larger than it was. Expected-service baselines depend on the model chosen. Stress tests are only as complete as the dependency map behind them. Health Nexus does not run services or advise on clinical care; ministries and facility managers decide under their own mandates.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-14-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connected<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page leads across the Consortium.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/health-biosecurity-governance\/topics\/health-system-readiness\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Related topic<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GRF<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Health system readiness<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Health system evidence informs governance and institutional responsibility.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-15-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-15\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>What is an essential health service?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">A service a population needs continuously whatever the shock, such as immunisation, maternal and newborn care, emergency care and management of chronic conditions. Countries define their own lists, often drawing on WHO guidance on maintaining essential services.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why measure the indirect effects of a shock?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Because people harmed by interrupted care rarely appear in emergency statistics. Comparing observed with expected service use and outcomes makes that indirect harm visible, with the uncertainty of the baseline stated.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How long can a hospital run without grid power?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">As long as its fuel, its generators and the loads they must carry allow, and that differs by facility. The endurance figure belongs in the asset register and in every continuity test.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does Health Nexus tell hospitals what to do?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. It prepares evidence on dependencies and continuity that ministries, hospital boards and emergency agencies can use under their own mandates and procedures.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is continuity the same as emergency preparedness?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">They overlap. Preparedness covers the response to an emergency; continuity focuses on keeping routine essential services running through it, including care unrelated to the emergency itself.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does Health Nexus assess individual hospitals?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Not at this service level. Facility assessments would only take place under a mandate from the facility or competent authority, with data terms agreed in advance. Published work is aggregated or uses public information.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which services are usually treated as essential?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Emergency care, intensive care, maternity, dialysis, oncology treatment, mental health crisis care and the diagnostics and pharmacy services that support them are commonly prioritized, though each health system defines its own list.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-rel-16\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Related<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-rel-16\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Around Health Nexus.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Related\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/one-health\/\">One Health <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/infectious-threats\/\">Infectious threats <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/health-equity\/\">Health equity <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/environmental-health\/\">Environmental health <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/health-supply-chains\/\">Health supply chains <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/digital-health-risk\/\">Digital health risk <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/\">Health Nexus home <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/counterparts\/\">Counterparts across the Consortium <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/\">The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation home <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/trust\/\">GCRI governance and trust <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-17\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Health Nexus<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-17\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring your expertise to this field.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The current service level is R0: information and enquiries. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"mailto:contact@therisk.global?subject=Health%20Nexus%3A%20Health%20system%20continuity\">Write to the team <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/health-system-continuity\/#faq\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/health-system-continuity\/#webpage\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is an essential health service?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"A service a population needs continuously whatever the shock, such as immunisation, maternal and newborn care, emergency care and management of chronic conditions. 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