{"id":176,"date":"2026-10-13T12:08:53","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T12:08:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/?page_id=176"},"modified":"2026-10-13T19:25:04","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T19:25:04","slug":"one-health","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/one-health\/","title":{"rendered":"One Health"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- Nexus network page \u00b7 https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/one-health\/ \u00b7 source authored \u00b7 generated by integrations\/wordpress\/network\/build.mjs, never edit this file --><script type=\"text\/x-nexus\" class=\"_iub_cs_skip\" id=\"nxe-fig-engine\" 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bStpgquyeVI2aQbzhAfAGgZL5J9uPpD\/x9oq4Z1BAXMJNt0Gse9YZ3zbIW\/0cf7T3ZmoO0Wfavohf+cN+PZeyzloNxWIXyW9ttrGfWmEWl3vD9Ksr0tpsycjV3iN+Nkd+lw4zczi0rSkk5ZZ8WorV8dUa0faelKb79u70vZKTyppizTT65TmqoSAovSuk1G385IFCOS3wLKE\/FQNdZZsSnUM0a7UVBf48EJFP4h7yD\/1eZM4Vf0LnRDibs\/vEr1qiK9oO2tA\/Np1ZuDcZS3P5ziIig8\/ZMNxlri8ZuOQjOIgdG\/NB05iXZhDmqUO3FLAESMUQNNUX3CDHEQwX+2l4Zz9AJx7RpBY2ql2gTLVbuwkXiTwHQlOOgxn\/ECMXKRtlhiXNibGL93H50shaIDrfQ\/NIg0dFQ3lOfU6eI94VnXkOgMHObGL0dyWdk6qVsCNLoDzdWHuGfak8vlltIgbT3k6emynisDKo0u\/6tiTUVBMwtlUxOaVS0\/TiL6hW2ye1G2oKA29EJHOGjUr2cSVmHxEdtYzAs1bNiReZObCGeNDFHdw\/SzBQeJRsMCekGw6oSK84Ov3SsUyGxCgj9RK49vcsFLcx\/O4EY6pPsLa16yZHm7clZaCdJvRT29xaSc7t2aFDxQXe4BZ3Yh5Jg\/\/GT9fk\/9TtZX0ElD0CicR2KT4EfWF7U2nllL\/jtZY+Rx3MRt4LMOcT0Z39PtjY2X0upT0GMwYoavXjSM7J4wC9fSA2nOAdpU7dDQ6eBKFr35P7Da\/0drmx2B11QKmw8XHIKBEz8kxI2pa\/uhZjslGOV6gwlRJyza1PRbS9lhoRlLTGdflbIPledSodx4xL0LKvCg1NSogRiMQo7XSZKgxcEX42BB\/uJ4EIwtalNHsn17hB95magO3+g5Bfk2r8nQdTIR7SuPAfyLQ\/+tLcH5f\/WjK4UV7z5XI+sGBP1\/yGl6tX67Ue7g42hebMknaP3zpK08BY7d0\/R8oz2gKFodCUoE3Mr7WhJWA+tgl79toOJLnFg8F7YtX+bum4\/3QMFw9XcwcJcaCAnn3yVGnJZBhB5YYnIpkwak2nIHGqKDbzkCmJFyAb3heVhlOVWzT\/QSLyZDCFqAU9TGLyVCgiop+dsdTJnCyGmHDuMzrbw\/Ow8t1JHa5gmcImi\/OmglinoifnQlsT14wsXapwJvauzmdh9QDnCjvwm0Bugc79KpqajZBOD41XXmvfmJCS1F\/SwggDsPpal2zimXpTZCnN9u8LtXW8wknq4QIbXBVBBWRbQudOMaofNY+UEuXiqL8A5ssvA0U0zHkAc\/kfsz2fjBZIk4PjVGumO5BMpcq06GwqhxJ+IXnT4bUqBWncw7fJecUrtTraE3Ye55blhV81TykkHH+tDMK1d3POaLQ47vXCYWGea8DCgVzzvnEmX9AoXqSCDDhhOLs5504KPDDnsZU2dU+cYyAFc4xwRROJ1BU5RlK1vOf2l\/uumD\/FTZ\/qEBW1J+yYvvBLFq0nmQJzelvyaqVyQl\/1iB1V+4kG3FwdVfvTLifa2Fg+1qwhn1r1pSLy9hfKuVYwLKFvAzuX8ErqBogWeD\/nl9q41\/Jz7Pqs\/8D7M39qH7a9sz2+HN2aG6U99qkObDezC2Dbf4ZiwwnZ8tUTPz8TlzauV0IVOO\/4VjX9VQfmkb0udxOCITq2qOaGl31eVxkhrjAIMCZDzVsmqw41DvjIf5u2w\/rh7q22v+5D3eptq81NdJlJ\/fTtXRe7bXkpCcsTetpG+rjJFmY90BLKjG8GaRy74fL5PpmOvY096dZUKed9P5eT7sN5nSrrzXbEmXOn59KMobIMo8DDWGGHoRoxIeH6Hek79oI50wF66dfa7dLyzwr9V+v4CGrEaqvVzlh9DCeg2WkE4pHGiJOyM4vspjuv5HYmJ3h0TEoTmDRRR1wqSnrboWBbkrPn1dQ1JHt82JFcGvfVlox4XdYNPVoUBJDz7+QeMWXqchCSYWhUdB4nrryL0eYn2cXMW7LxCRl08BkrIax25U3Fqv4LqyeT4VY9USqzx8vQshiT4u6yeLXj7ZG0cCILhMWJ7kERpUiwdQeuFdA5tjQnlm78JzIPzHzrXvSozvuzWCi2f6CDJZmW3q5jx5RLyH6xpysqGFjWIZp43KWQjwcj5cmWjNuWul64q9acdVBQWQq3rIEvjDWaoUbiG+nCsR5wQWCOqGhiFFMwAH5\/BAnKpMSsBePcW4uzlPYU05JUFWI5zzDU+NXlAkkN6qMpTBotM9iFGQntO9W3J3zLuieSQ7ukIMg9sXnXXJ9PDndE4RJjFYjlh3007+WyKeKH2ughJy7HH76IQstoHNZNXMISofqCgOc7oo4pOUJFWJn6kyLFixMDpA4y1WTw\/Yx4BxKWNk1tiNTRa2erRqrU4ac7mf85wnP0PyEDBFUP+3zclJGACVlAZckqXTgTub3DC4iu4TojjHBPk1uRqBaTEXS\/E5DZ4EtnhAWzAE0cD1nDDDO6kyQh3BGMmIHNzIjkBy6QUxHkdJSKCrfVYmEnymTG3D4\/Hw4rkPMJou5sGc+1RhYXUkugvX4VNqddASTpblGNx40\/9ri1p8LXUKe27YLaRe3k+SAw6oFkrDbiqszW+2qVtN3Bg\/AYWEr9JaxLZ3e8kKNjRjLQokWItl4qQC6abgFmiBtNvOkCuoE+UkA49KVjVvLtoIF8rjAkAp4vWk\/nRhuVryaZTGS46ri\/f4IeirROfqlA7oryuZLV4HgZdXznogbg+8QGHlLT2iprG8D8EaFo46Trm+lHB8bcokCQg1pwGVUNscZfZFl8AnA5eQbefWNw4BE9BpucAMOXSYnPH97sB9ehh7MBGKbhnWq58JxZHBwUda5kFwZJMdbAMmTQcKUmwvJl0HywgWQAhkkzFFzIW1kkDZLKB7KIIVLKL6VQdouobhtSRnKWkJz2x5hziWw5IzuLqG7LWV121tCeVvK7LavS3teW5sZzG5v8FN3fjT7rVseMUcs2k1IU3aQ6JFhk9h8kgXTjTgr0qzIGigUg6pgcolh0uKLzP7ouywIefHt73S9a6xY0kjjxIwRMiblCWQFVywvURTLS3SL5dHwX6ggaPF+hemyQXJYuvceYKM2qeSOYhOokkUu539SpzUldFpTwpeZUqiTY+jzBeuV2Gs6peR9kYByHc+T2J4ujHUDsbTowieetd93RXMkV8d8cVe8OyPRZD+SG017jRzVtYXZCRzgfJYILPZKz3FVWsBNO7FZd8SjZ0E1oLYSwHdo1nnZaFVK6d\/uhHOKCoE06OIcCBJUpFxe32O453dWhvNEDUPuUhtLUe5gAm2JiPk3tAEiW6vxf\/638V\/g+6U2\/hmhUn087McKsoTt7Uy318tQXjh4LxfnJFmMjCTFc+MVbwNTlUxAJ1pyXZneNa5UC2o9M+5hDZPOrxd4gcldrEMcKGQdoww0m7EVeqgAKoLx7QE0Oai7gEHaiIRKYaLPXuLKQuXT0WfPTf\/uMQTos5dNdFuJ0\/fX3b+oDNxqrzABy5rYQdekX2u7R2uDPnve1rx7tGL0wT8A83BBjL5zwvEoIJ4uo0U9OVrZ+B85rdwEfURaYZwtBa2sNf7oUal7WUqfFKCPhD6phz43lQ5VkowqH\/r\/F8W0FxZ\/bbpusj4PiEv5o0KjbCe0uHuRPX0OF2Pq5t80OKsvKvaV2YAdtuiQHcZHeqvyNG5ifrK8sQDyWSh2QYpM5TG+KJLF4ocrMYgRllwg5eJISimebMgugy230eMqslPUs3151Gw4k3w42FTARkU7X6yGJqHevLXC1puyQx12nggSlvfjXSeGoojal0I8TwoNZ958SApqeaqUILnsoStaMcGMs67gne6BqWClEEazYHcHyPJNXNWaI1q4SGU1nS32qsNZ8FBYMn22cANW+NO1toRr76lCYzrx06oUypHBohmsWcmOEFJU71dxBCqryxykmKvd0Nl5I46WP+Ro11pEgdxzyp1N7HJDlnuAC3Ia1mwQ\/dmPvhhT7YGdhEgsPnQx5nDf13+gOZN8w3Nouhb6u61BaDrW3JlEXeuVFpBdKm7xl4rXDaiaGxF4TrLvzI3A1A6lsmupwXdicrpq6XxkBwuUs7ryYbDenTopi\/yjJYjQRTizC804ZTzJKKSfXt4D6cRIZGs5Hga4irJBmkK7vIdnXM9TqNu5n3tboW5\/8ohrjZjqRC8UYVoFHUSdP1LQYxqGcBv9dfbl9tOdsJy3O4L6yzOtSqN4ZOOrUH1kteR2VMzWSPPuke9sEKtbpRmN7k1yixk3Z\/2+9hkCsxecCqxw8QQ+HixVh0ZrxFh7quaOtRjmM9HI6dOLJyuHq9RrFxgNVfBQzSsyOUwhUGq1YP\/bzQVXp3B4\/t2VvXea\/Ee8KVZA5z7FyafxM74aPY7t3emUpb+7Tf0z+u7OhjfpAQOkM38dO3\/\/8Cy4kju+bPqeGfxFCP3z5\/chK6Yo8STduAmJFaDd2cdbDMNojgNHo9kipfRtcqf6xJnCk9vHUD4tw+zL09qm0U8o9O0efbzpa1wmpgGfUZhn1Dr25tpAJEWk51\/Hxud8tv7U2bskXXSarxTtzGS0CTfrTVYOplq0aAOYB4sqlT4wVSCsBLntbnZXIxXW59uphtvkb5GQQvnC9gi\/cW5OF\/7UbVnnKnXN9uMXrC+x7Y3euU6XTrS0jbSoqoSazHTy+GyN7ZZr3dufzeggckL3W1a8ru6IEXMTO6936XDjHGGqqm25teS1XT\/xYDZ1FHPTajV826bVavlJS54q7mMDJ0KD9K4IXZ8+wjBwnMVwBgJSp4\/V+nZwfMbyisXYNn5vmPZ+MppCk+K436\/yQ9nNA5vqQG+oNE+AJov38ywFInsyJYQFy8Gnk7KX\/T+HpsNWw3I+IRyKu8OERhY1w2FDtj7NBN1Wt7WVxZ1vmxkNc7TAbJgG4d0NyVKmphXv8GZCcwW6NYe6mX9WvnclcL04BkqFkVcm1vbhcy77H6qb58Ltdu5eO24VsViTiPVjmRVYO7hXXxWQRWuzuAfeMppzKodmJDfxh\/nEy0rOgOQbQQa7YzubyURotx0ygbxjCtfoC6vV\/Wy995k6KexnOoqaXvYS6hIimr4zeB4HerpOVyQIm893BvatfEpIzZxxaAbRd85THCmEx7YZhrZlTeAjR8w7GIomB4gt8xPx1rrOHLS+WK\/Ucma5u9XwszDt2EE2hVKse3HhLjN1sHJsyXn\/WXqfwFLxinbGG3CiXJv3x4uaFdEOu8yzSEdV9Iky7ZTiOqTdusZfWvdH1d1XLlzfRt1sQ3MQUVnw6JXZIMIegUKCzu90Pgg+6yND1mo9DnU50L6W6gnUr63JdWrno+0iaxJ9fMrev2SFUVeHSP6e4fpcmguf97KnMDD+PigsDCJRKD\/3DyT59C6kqhWXt9FvfpbkNka+RuPSxdDtmCPsa0+sCQ44ZQtVrgdK5HTeI+sXZI9f4z9IHcvhHdJ\/N0iT+W2YKyQDDUKgNfX3PLs7Kil6HVdVcGHAVmAtuN34rolFotp3U3QwHnrnc+FYUbBATymY9z2kSU8n63+EDXj9j6ecOPc9+92s9y49ALW2Q1ptoDkeDfannWOWE4EXKO2oZOL8ptHJbS\/k5q1PiE+kKqcWJa6d2t\/Z9t5OVh1XZZ5HoKIjsUgEmIUjoD8Br92u07T63m+YOzZG8u2YNRCLbtgPGpHhNuc5w3k56BkPVU2gOXF1wzhGuqOKGfewswLvIVjqj10NhvLYzKY8HOhTcdsQl9Xl4rBuK0Q9XYZAwEq35rPQ0IguTVMWV3A+Q1CBIm4jI9rlylQ69vl625L4LtXufR\/tQak8cOqAs+9qVrc1C\/QpYnztSDMzTGyiILWkKxK5e65gXcNkiNy9r1t5rPMZFZHxm2JBZFN9weXz\/LPMSNtnYS0qtFZr0Fr7Gt7OjRYMEQFBR8YB+AtUQd0e1\/cegc4+\/eNzvP2zPJLPeH\/o\/IQ\/ydfLdcq5qMZu2z2Bs051GVl+1j2KT\/RFVsfRexbixCT49svGpjLLxmGax0vCFZv\/66VusvTD7E\/8WJUwI9i8QViw4e8RqCG+OGCIN2dy2rrKFdhIfnP0FI00k\/xMh4uz+5E6x3Ev05WEGccNhqcwz7NzndUa+LV\/k0SS66CEdcuV7E5IC1VJH2+jkD7dHHJXBPyYYKO+RoeJHo2WXVExmENpG3Sinx9w2gZvJp1cArq61LzBiKYshbY1D\/QdCpqcwHmI1JmsoLISZYGODtkPAXXwsgwGVcKkxa5EtyZwKtu+V0lmg2J1G3Xt3Fa5WVCauC1uB3MYNzB5+bQSyKSf6lKou5B7l+7TH3VRw7hxXIqA4ThTNnG+UlR7WKtADF8mCUk5TPihBlOF9lAXWXHoq+1R9ftI76sr34slTYSQjwCJn5d50ySOhqoJhG5uQgchvpwsqI9IGRvKAQ51AF\/hB16WdffiNa3K01VSb9d6cp0fTSn96cdUvXgyXpL+fdM65kDtjkiMox9QLvh6VlNBBOB08mVVwjvYZTH4h1uAiwr9i+BkFcc1znU9K5OKji8iIdA9x4Apf7You3nsbiHtfEhiKGPfBBUE6EpGYo4n55IH4wG9hAE\/MCF3+KyFjJjkm3OfrHDJMYnYMTGqCMOdgR+IoZ6dllvDPG27v92wOXVso9AiT6bwgkUyaFn3QIcLoCS4oD\/vPdYR29Z9\/S0S5tZL75Vycs\/DmGVaXn4YuNa+PZpCZAkJH\/5YHMPAOFpBkoF88IDGWRXn0ACtv\/T8Pu1qFfyiT975fYUrof4er2iyrCVBA3zn5MwEjY31ixFavyAsQv8Xw7F+WbexO39EmgnT28b6hQ0DuBtQSiHwfYUhi1wloc5FHl4+gwLlmC3NXJY741nocte8jtbe3Sl5nWWrkJg6JmpnTnRPdNF72RtspqQMSZgM22CA+5WzZHDXyftTp+1M9VKVb\/UV1X3qLl8cM+xbOpCe88z4auTZ9T7GFx72M1hrvphk3\/UUD1xjWaJ96POB3fLBlPOfv7SyJbWQjCxc+en\/mDHoqQ1py2SR2LY0y2kU\/GAz6H8tRhOrRkirPddMnXA+Gm8gMylUbqagbtb4ioYVV85du0NyhFhrv856RcZkFQY6leqpc+4ZQ5j9sViIPwdlYRQtD+Uu7jxcbWtuSRz+buPPdzo682qCjcwKjzeDW1YcYZU1MqEhXAvMozKd4jmF4\/erloijjjR7DW1migTfr5qB\/PRk0kX6Jrn0ctLk0zaNFrWAVRbvjAZElxxgELVQN+82WhvgehOAtCybq2QfJ8UqeL1Fd6P+Gf55VSb5fX2MSNVtLdTgo7w0whUEXDmx2TlbEx1M12qzfnzCGVaFEXe+kNaOu\/MsyPLxnmmyFF\/t1fwsNF6K9JFYxG0Fio+3I6zgYlfYIvWLKlUoDUGTHF\/427h7A4E3Ldr4M4QsWmvMeQObY5nUvBbdVSoba5Ujm3ald6JYWKNF3TWqX7vU5Mgo\/eRGH9asaN3zpNcibKIrMPRQRmUvluBte8yJhZRmWXRcmRhKcSWo0GZOJkO4r7iqu4XYMzVCWglQbtcTI8ElFiS8jzZ2DaWmJwjyc2pUP1LWhOZPhK68\/Daqwbunz0zkoITPRHpHog7rqszhVVfHcmccWbsODqU8RFLGyF2sx08IG\/SUeskM2dkPsy0FNQ50MA7uqd\/xn2jt\/88vJjKCMtPaNkE3eQkTu+6BSH+exJdUV8LXmdJdDlAdyX1p68WMhkQfdYilV81ao6V4gFWuO7XDbQKnQ3kbRofy3vgQ3roVq5ZDKW8yd2achx7mnWU4UWwnrAL3\/K5Fp5sDVR1plfCJrkGdJZCzM8tEmWB7xrod8ropPD5MTzEoymKm7GRC5FB8djg3iFAMP\/87W1NGbKmy+Dq9DXHdjnGxJMMTozQgsm+yjKpVB27WuZiqQuuq4vkGpVlHTdbRZPkj4+RhYRBCWkFlzJqTryiiePIHJ+rqA4u4bzzFISzPTllTy0ISKdpugvjI3jJg4f86juIWNwR3Vg0Rq68fYu27429XsG5e4RBoAtGKu1beN75SjoM5XMpvzaNrsc+vwEH1RfyjU8eWqRtRRkOyYN1oHluXVvjGFUAVtpPAs8ZXKsZvZpUixVCZYzLePzRONaihGYNKdjnnnoWGF1+SVSR8Hovey6kYNiQ6WJUO58UP2KOqF\/YWy3k711j+VLDYWcd4pKZ2jLXgs5qxr\/SkJnvKdXoPYOSAoixB75LSKEHAofIZ2lUwKilxv015XqJYsU79wW3br2d0Ucn53Ri5g2Dov6K3pSl1S\/cCmluT\/\/7e2pf+SRjT8FjWzfXvfHpX8hjOD\/4EK81NxhiM2tvx4xZDjD8B+5mdI\/YiEttSL00kEjgArAaganxQlZNo5XyrN6Av0iWorAKhp\/arDRt6spljpPUsKTq3MdfjqFVisrvZ9ojPwWH2cb+v2r3IVDUFVNOSMby\/wIzB36FK4rGTNpAFaVTo+8SJTdf+Q5v01sr1uF5Gb3xUW3L+nLpDoE2ZaUD8OoS+U9cWWD\/uBNL4iuDyhYjHjiKoAO3kbQ7IHI\/3I14eT+qdtPfR6jY0cog9V7BpPkbwOl8nL8UM5V6DYMyVIscqQNetamPVBi2ux4k5cmu86oqIwLJG+\/squQTFetrKLulibnCdvpaAqycyMiSmSuvIO0f3ShEwAjkqqTCRKYTXuhkd+MQPJpFRyFgZ0ym59CetvoWcE55JJG46xRWpfeTeS9cXlVKVFajec9c1dQXhVG5LRhLR2nZs8lMFv0OQG67EL4L0t1ONKmMdZyWC8eg9uf6N4l1jJHKBe9dAmG8PcVnUZQ4f+JCYO6TRaHX0zEbFy+s++5\/Ut7rydSCpfH1rYJAUF6FukRd8Wp0F\/p6Ic541Dy+fdteCz4Qhb\/hi9kuLY8tHMX2XyNhuTw+qna7vKCuahNfQqgUW5tfbLh3SDymZCIXRR\/sqvex3SeCEfp\/o7qypE\/8dOkmufG36vb5rYlZHTKW2WbYMRx7dIt02r6YZnyq0nZj27tF3ncCG++GZs3vcep7l0M\/c3WOyDUIPUM+83WO6jZytj5\/9itr5kQdcF383i2T36EboQ77XEOwerci27ZA8iJv33aOd2KnjkAc5QG0c4MSuRZ6Qaw7YZm8APwrSyIIxeVRBmO4eUyuMw\/bJpYpAsXuMtmCTBOTRqSl2j7G9BUE0JhBwgtu3hxzpbg8vLJnSJI5DwJIpjcPE37Jkgm5Pgp5MkWtZljWQCW4SNwoHMsUI8ZAiE4Spm24oMkEPepAhU+qmDoQsmVL8D0MmJ914kU+TKfH80AcMmYLIj9qxETKFcZB4gaCAEFtwHSMyIQ\/R4diMbhEtLVFU2W+kDMa2hbivbFGB0xnJhaSllmnvyJrvCbciUB3uudM+d7nnbvvc4557KwUu12GLNor3+GT8vrOTITmzV9YZak0XuhVUKH+BAiFS4\/EVl4upG3CQZceQqV5NkjhugdAFUHjw5M2\/leUJJi\/XprzExzanXelLJqC\/H\/TsltTAjBa1bw8nm8x8P12mvZrV3uHbO\/Pau3x7d157j2\/vzWtfJDyAIpkHIW7eeRBx8z4Pxq8chF\/nkvFSRTwSWDbMg5LXPJBTMxPEIQc8DCzJ5kFBko4Hg56tJlYCrlWBFyZz2p9eq1TjQwU6WwF2mk5ZJXhzhPWEHLTfYdyUlQnTFMakeJJZxyBH6ht5XQ+ZuHnnR4KYi0OqHZ+ASHg\/RC4FCpc4g+Z4Ffru7vrmu98Ml+siQv21RK5LLESnsWI8IIgCpipuVG8MrzZPS1u3pcO3dHRbunxLV7elx7f0VjPmqq27kqYvZNY4WEgJWc2degLzWDaSYkWswZMvUDR+VOk7OwwYk5KEQ+crrdAqHu0qko6cyMU9zVN4rfj9otLvA4kCuhO5wOAtjfw62Q7rhEJo4y9ePHrIVyXQRZ6fVwpNz\/lMsXNurneCBLJqgDlhChZFvmimNoe7rzSHkhukqoi0d47C2n3fjdB5\/0c8z0ivWvjONHEGmYJXPeLHlSBdMlngH9\/XU6A7FTmIVIaOGhQ1Y+hwPFnAxN2m0R\/dJ7WHQ6pqMVJyfwZZ0ZjtuajdVdtCZSb8DoumniPquk7as8q3B\/tBqDCuDek8\/BlfNZ1jvI4XgxwuFF9U9Omdlg\/BhpQ2m2FBw1FWSj6STaKO8ufzsZrxiXFrbyxFsObYcmnN+N7Ar10m74yVJ3AR9lWUqdl8nOGX4ut20W7PT0CLqsI4jgHkZXwdi1vGEb9tSXSLivnEt\/Mxd131Tn3v9tSE6Xqvc9dwXsYd9cu4lh2MlnperSmRy3SdSze+vgaGoJGNVpsSQaccaPl+wXfgOHtxo9GpLOqMC2zVmsO1fpVrDrEjy\/zLVPQkO71c59FzHBgqdLlsQ\/Z0t\/\/01XyFH0I9zUnjWpmm5qv9Ij\/srbVaO\/LWjl5rV97a1Wvtvegd\/CYPa7+Jsd\/E2P+zYgy9rbq\/on\/zmS7hTkdIYb5myuhbs8szTFvyqTLgr4r1Pb8w+Stf9vOmEJxxw50Y9yiHkL5eTSSSa3v3aEdO7CH\/E\/ru7B4d19tsQPvdRf6pAERu+93bPfrJNoZB+93fPYIwTtKQfD\/ayDnrxHbSfnd2j0HsuY7dfnfR+z5wWvhHb\/cIrc3G7d73kYsscjaQfI8RvG24gS1+sYMcxv7WafuP3d2jvd3CjdV+93aP8Tb0re67v3tMfN8O2\/7jYPe4tUIfbsn3yLJ2j07kRA7sHiCKpB70ne4BIgkIAXYBowe2tXv0N67lpd0De\/foRV60CbsHzu7RBZsUdEAda\/e4jb0BhmPvHkPXD0HSPXB2j5skjNMWceLV3lhbq21CXIp2aAMbDk+c3aNt2Y7dkacEdYPc5YEbdH0TIf\/oBm7seeQZsn\/vHm3HDuyIPGldkR4IgyjpwL9C9JLjuh0zHEECd9UhAl+sNf48bbCXEL2NNxn8m+P76+5flPTQvnEEeYk87lZstaidwRlWO8mdteTnrHjdjRyZut+d3aiBB7+CQ+130vB7\/Du6IHo3vun17zi7yf0GvwvieKcW0GTgZT0AJJv69667N1AVw48xuKDF3P5WwAP1U5U1WQzynhppOfyIvrU\/dIKHPae2T9cSs0jbDlndd\/ElymIzgn\/LYPXFenLwtNsoFIpy56av0+5cJni2nTxlWo1goZGX8ZiuBs0GXwjSL4ngNg0G6QeCOILhIP2QtEu8Qfo5IEiicJB+VuKmYTBIvzSB205aIumXRlEaJIP0S90w8sJB+iVb33bSQfqBwPGcaJB+DtiESTBIPxgFoetR0i8CaSetkfSDCbBp6QfDTQS8QfoFjm918LD0gyH6UNIPxCiUgZJ+PmhjHzrpl6TRAANJP+CDJHEp6ecH2zDaUtIvgoEHGOkXBw4AlPRzI2+79SjpB2HqpD4t\/dI4jdOIkX6pkzqdzGylXxhtfWCz0i8O4rhDkEg\/aMMAstIvSEHQDYtIv8SHfuoI0s8J12649p219eRPyb+Nz8g\/MoT7RcD8xs+\/8fM\/AD+PqpmDx79m41Awu6502jlCO0ernSu0c7XaeUI7T6udL7TzddodBboctehyFOhy1KLLUaDLUYsuR4EuRy26HAW6HLXoEgt0ibXoEgt0ibXoEgt0ibXoEgt0ibXoEgt0ifXoEgjtAp12kWXxDSPL0mtpiy1tvZaO2FJrNiJbxNbWw9YWsbX1sLVFbG09bB0RW0cPW0fE1tHD1hGxdbSwPZc13\/Jc1jot0eGEb4qe6bQt4IFvWsCDTkt0mOGb4gOORlsQx3xTEMd6vb6Knb5qthSmpq2CNN0YHTf5xvgIqtMYKRF8Y6xY6E0uThzgZ1cR2Ydaz7myGcl+8b4LvgoSk8BFVUvSKqFhdZew8JkUtjddGXWa1Bj\/rDhwN2ziiyxtwzY8Z7wkQfrapvYMJXsk59\/hxM66kS2Ngg6OPM3X5\/NnW1Zmkmat+DiOd32Jeqy91vaqcS2E0Gtre2Gc1Kp+0aVk9QS79AV7OgQxD1hsQSS+bJK6ywXl6\/qiKkwhW0tZya5lN6lzhc\/BkdtP9MuctCN7jiZuZ5kWVW3Yej1dYaknjoRy4+CjZkb5QEEm8PNCF7zB7jBq4boOO1fMrfCjskHvFqDOvLlSWL7ktyXgGwH4G9\/3yptG6MIhreVOVvK0\/2m0MFT3hnJ2unpPM24Tmdo7Mdh71G5S9kBuqIfvZ1Ak9BX1ksJVnYScPYpnlKzRud88SjDgL5IwJvpmLvF+U9p5FyOeJuGhs0LJ0JKGxUXmPe59cgFxJMcgj7+gAmfGV7R6Vl25G4teNg6KK5LVnfPwHsDVp7v3elIP0oguTUPXHxUvHmbv4lZezcx7ucULSjTWMzJbC7eO6EVBsINS1u7kXl1+8U\/H+Tr3\/XSd1ieQ5zzNmRrpRKbN3Ghez1mtV3Z+pLygvDjiCItOaYVcCdP0lclr3zgKj3k3FjX2Hl8cUQmsdTh\/e0BmCzVgdxlgfxKwr1nOkUCWViql1Wi2qKKDr4FRlb8jYE0l5zkyzdRdwopY2s45urB3sjltWWM6qMFTbVioy+\/XGSeEQOOEYEtPCM7YAWFxrn2L\/+Uq0WwWkH5m0rpK3Nw8pqQt8lCWgwrBd6U0p4hQUpDXMjBK+wgNJsmqbw+X88OLpGrvfzj+H5z\/sKz\/ZD3QRCIZHBV2IXdbkz3Fj3R3SflWjHb4xzt1WIyU7MXLx9E4J01x1znL8wXHvWm2XnBAQ7g8Z532SJ8qA7EqqW\/9IleTOjbHNgn15o067CuOoaClE0QlVbK1fovyFTW4yhU25SoQQKG60DN7J\/bIsf7VlkkJAuXc0WOb5lj36tUrwCJWzjFganunZF7SVABGZcar1PKpJYOrLC2tMK3Yy8X7gimNgET86Vxv1Ktr6o5mWyL77VzHDhm2uotQYlx5RiWILTcS2vKqrzKb4MiOP4UbbQh0JIZA5Rav0p+3llp\/RhzGlqNCpfxNVGJ\/XE3t+S9kijn5fDEnR1FOEVk\/UTlG2VVLVsshAydgQ7VGnXIknUjdNOEqKd6kO6LG0EfKKZNaDQ\/yPU5qS+XLQv\/EI3wND8\/tCZ6pVB0qDHXLTu2UMqgyw8nu6\/hM05wOaVr727zlOzQnVrBzBeuaNoLJTARtvKUZHcTbgbvfdLu93bynVBbjJtdjcZVapyooTfow8zucaJC4qMq8nrP70Jj2F6RS+yMWxrdvjTk8wCJZihi+cN6TGwcldhctH8cUrmZz1TsD7Nna4cqN+BV+LDgUMCKL9QPR0mpENNFCaPimd4AgS4xCnpdREhFJyVO5HYIHOk\/uCK0\/af3z\/XDibexoPbpG9eA9Z0xNVSUnPWcCL7FWaTpLy5ZcQOFKt9N4zQ1G78yHhkQOCkdwxnHRBRlPz7kiAvbEWmEAJqA+MgDZNB003+gVmIjjQKy0EhcIX+5rBi7kRHcdcph7QofSI7U+6CorDjRsrJMMd8RMH9hZ7wjaSJh1wJNFH7OofBeOfjM7m8UAcXkpmuvsO1M\/wTyHy13iMqdUhAF2+vRXK7+3iZB1XJV5HoGqe605ZoUG5JbSuHWvPKHeeiczSkgf+vsg\/U1AvvKXDXUF1j2KkeIyz8G5hvi6CPyXRGG9mXyo9ulgqK+bLH796C756t2FNq+Nk4w8pR9cN\/ZGUAs0AxZEJ9ss41s3+Nb9cTl1s7ueapIITa40KljfmO5X8FxqqR130jK03ZEctouOIjyMz7izSand8QjsQNrgUQwX3fUWKGETI2nWLiVCRbNap2NOvNX5gNo3mEgAOvnX1+BarKXUZdV8ewB1DIsEb0\/cCOl+hcPCFCL2PCwSOIrGDJDUbRqdu74TNXpHnRG7PO+IOGVJksMfC5b67GrKixZL23GEqoq3HXfRGCGzY2x0OD\/5LI99Cx\/VpDaa6jrfMiKrADhtG2G7XVJvQg1kKvJC1vRYNmrjSh9\/MQ+lstDemJh28aVS40NSVM26TJvFKHGlxhdjyJcsj8p3nK+EygFnRQ2bzvhs6EV1S\/tLsmEVU+I2CHTB3L5zmVqrdRZJjwzhuihosmsFqt4qULyOHFQp+YLNTnfS9RVmw7eJI7Nw2GKNO6FUI9A7RPNbg6k8\/GQRqFTRZpQHVw2kjcPHLAlilHpAFwqZttyxMCLkSmULqKzpfDaldfKE1JS5Hr4nF\/lYRiKOxIPKZP\/Pf6nKHJ2zyze6Cl2rpNWT7Q26\/fPvBj1i06oQm1lqhJ5PR9p3ux\/0soa59MHSPt4wmArRqlN5CwrM7q7N7IXjz03HUgXqSZfMNC8ARw2RJCrNi8XRmfh2lyvzlymLIG+nYoVboC3cFAgn+QIXPjGdcJ5pvVWd5OjOojnrOMmNpGGXre3MXrdzdx7Ua3KV+C\/mdfuPuI6KshnCCvokGeGylyVJPI4qiafJzsrY87AzL3U3x9Pqhk82974rJxQKQf3stA0FtVx\/Ts0zQpvuekH13fSejiFs4iiZnY0bln0fxcp6+Kb6m7vscatmxF+zn+2Um+pI2zkwX8TiDhJ1IM\/cGNZPEAsIzXOPZdCKBZV1nsZQkRkAzlMR38rGZlS+SwCo25CrXCTd0jo5qM8wbswKXVeIgs2N3xu2RV04Q1JatQUGrkvI3uhyBoX50VtVDxWI9pcaxWDBvKtBDPfmG4xes8akf2F+aFAdvOxwxLU4Wo1v+nYbQonu8p8mK789OKYtuZLmytLBQWSQxGhpVgUUup3s0DN+b7hPwQ+NcSQVOPS2AQEsTecoKw4aLE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auto;padding:0 16px;font-family:ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,\"Segoe UI\",sans-serif;line-height:1.55;overflow-wrap:break-word}#nxe-n2bixc0k.nxe :where(*,*::before,*::after){box-sizing:inherit}#nxe-n2bixc0k.nxe :where(section,header,footer,nav,aside){display:block;margin:0 0 32px}#nxe-n2bixc0k.nxe :where(h1,h2,h3,h4){line-height:1.2;margin:24px 0 12px;font-weight:600}#nxe-n2bixc0k.nxe :where(p,ul,ol,dl,table,figure,details){margin:0 0 16px}#nxe-n2bixc0k.nxe :where(ul,ol){padding-left:20px}#nxe-n2bixc0k.nxe a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}#nxe-n2bixc0k.nxe table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;display:block;overflow-x:auto}#nxe-n2bixc0k.nxe :where(th,td){padding:6px 8px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:inherit}#nxe-n2bixc0k.nxe svg{display:none}#nxe-n2bixc0k.nxe svg.nx-i{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:-3px}#nxe-n2bixc0k.nxe :where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n2bixc0k.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-hero\" data-layout=\"console\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-title-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-theme-toggle\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Appearance of this page\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"light\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Light<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"dark\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Dark<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-mode=\"auto\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Auto<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-folio\" aria-label=\"Document reference\"><strong>G04 \u00b7 TOPIC \u00b7 one-health<\/strong>GCRI dossier \u00b7 service level R0<\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-grid\"><div class=\"nx-hero-text\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Health Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00b7<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Established<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-accent-row\"><span class=\"nx-accent-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span>Topic dossier \u00b7 Health Nexus<\/span><\/div><h1 id=\"nx-title-1\" class=\"nx-hero-title\">One Health<\/h1><p class=\"nx-tagline\">Many emerging infectious diseases in people originate in animals, and the health of people, animals, plants and ecosystems is linked through shared pathogens, shared environments, food and antimicrobial use. One Health treats these as one system governed by several sectors. This page sets out how risk moves across the human, animal and environmental interfaces, how it is observed, and what joint evidence serves for the ministries and services that share responsibility for it.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/\">Back to Topics<\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Dossier<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">G04 \u00b7 topic<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-brief-answer\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">In brief<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Definition and scope<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-question\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">The question<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">4 mechanisms<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-terms\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Key terms<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">4<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-field\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Field<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">H3 field plate<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-indicators\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Indicators<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">7<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-pipeline\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Pipeline<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Run graph<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-sources\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">7<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-decisions\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Decision holders<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">4<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-methods\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">5<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-register-foot\">GCRI \u00b7 Established \u00b7 service level R0<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section> <nav class=\"nx-index-strip\" data-nx-spy=\"true\" aria-label=\"On this page\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><a href=\"#nx-sec-brief-answer\"><span>01<\/span>The short answer<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-field\"><span>02<\/span>Access to care in the Sahel<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-question\"><span>03<\/span>One Health: how the risk develops<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-terms\"><span>04<\/span>Terms used on this page<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-indicators\"><span>05<\/span>What is measured, and how well<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-pipeline\"><span>06<\/span>From sources to decisions<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-sources\"><span>07<\/span>Where the evidence comes from<\/a><a href=\"#nx-sec-decisions\"><span>08<\/span>Who decides, and what the evidence\u2026<\/a><\/div><\/nav> <section id=\"nx-sec-brief-answer\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">In brief<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The short answer.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">One Health is an integrated approach that balances and optimises the health of people, animals, plants and ecosystems, because they share pathogens, environments, food and antimicrobials. Many emerging infections in people originate in animals, and resistance moves between sectors, so ministries of health, agriculture and environment need joint evidence.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Access to care in the Sahel.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">How far each division sits from a large city, with the roads and airports that carry patients and supplies, shown for the Sahel as an example geography for this subject.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-map nx-cmap\" data-nx-map=\"ctx\" data-cmap=\"sahel:health\" data-ramp=\"red\" data-basis=\"case\" data-focus=\"0 0 2000 1000|332 96 1031 750|1424 158 1862 834|858 164 1514 692|156 128 626 534\"><figure class=\"nx-fk\" data-fk=\"map-sahel-health\" data-ramp=\"red\" 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paMqECtdPRDUM0cPQwW9OlhOPuKbrFG1qzIjGBROljoeBBoi\/4OsHMcZiigOMIVnHEwhyGQGhOyEYde05goBAY9lZ4nkhaYqWy4eGGgfEEXD4a05GUx8Z9wFfkrjBo3KFouoKGHy7naThwVLuC44FAJ2T8M4pmEaBL\/ntC8uL9KtFXIYpfB\/BH3jvi9UzT1w+zqDVIjrv5lt5UYEYPSEg4wzCLgt29ei0v12MW\/Wy62m8doU7d+O3u36E57\/e88HbA+JBOb0uMMqrkGfQNbQMOtUf0yYbd8RUMKQkoVMw+b0gRdFZBBA5ccjApYM0IrcqyVVcjyisFkaQzD\/LW1ulj5h8h6ub+GfypQg8GOwh41Cf+pX1E0dzFpDYyYyNsLJTyMYChRUZUC8ZiJJcBNhpkslOy8KgmwO2A0g7FAKQEzhAdVBEihJwk+gHr0M1WUsmRldCmJsHMPj0HFu+7j29l88eFX9RjEXNy\/nf1z+7HbfGW+a\/vFX8\/Kb\/mra7K5G\/76a9nTv3q5Ipx0td+FcaO9iU3svfH7PfJ02KgjAm6NBF2dn4ms8iBoWL5YlgBOYDE36uV0onEZcCAtmIbFKluaqVBnKUYCXuaxEx4aDmkGGw+\/Sg1Sg2OSFuCp1bOT1fvpb\/PV7v1q95X5vlt279v+zEX0qX5cxHDGInpnonc93PR0J5C+YA+Q2yTKDnKIzGWtwOZxU00TpyLbAW3JaaD7ktRuYTvIMkBzxXJCFlAaV4\/uPgjIBjoZdqii5xCvheSAwh0h4KkWwYaHfoezSV7NzaYgjSaeWm93uN5\/bofr9ma1W87bi1c8nrniyp9cbkxyvq9ygvLRwAlVefV\/BBhHBSzGYUMa+AEsjQEuqqf6DMeUrCm8x0LpuM6fmq6fkNeqv3yitpx5PnWiNkRnkqt7xA6SqBU1iMPDArHUZOzemavu9QCeB708wfTNqqqKSCs4Txk2A3x4vgqnZhsOZ\/tte\/OV+fVtOz93ok19ESNKKZum6eU2G6jE16JcecxYpIgXs5ZempAriThCabPysVjDXkI3QSMgEltD2AVuEOuN+q6w5TW\/TnqaoKFAFcFhzNRjYStGLF9NU0vuF04Ots47RPhLMG98qM\/RJFEWTixnnJyVxXC9u9vuLmLu2eeL+JItrjapND1OfYCrQnSPphqjf8JVfKLbFec9kEGAVTQMljC4mpVhRaMuIIpQC6fweLjoFlU\/d6BlB2MMShk1bxgzDGF4SOuMYwtnMaNRe2EOFfQkn0+Ha\/n9om8vok1f6gvXUbTMxvbQdRz0QmrE+1MH0yYxBFPTIYVoBTh\/oaEBb1BdqR3rQHgwe0oVGExyfEEEfyr02EF02qieT3gywN0hJcm0HWzHABFJZ60YhXCRGPUAiY\/5xDrmyTq2fTu024uWMhR32VJm0QqL7yucWpCBY5gFDiJqYhbeTtqDOKMIFIC1q4LA77xGkIK6Dxu4xl3D+Bad76JPws1cDNNO4bIzqgwy9EIlx6t\/OdKPbqGuO5NPLVw5XLjvVh+7ZfXr23a9uGzx8oV0mHxjig+9KAReAyb0PcJVCQ8zUwfoQkFchlYM+VjDOcMNYAI1czm6tNKpcNCVJsyg0Fh0z0jDZrIG7XK+2vWXzb8ul80\/No0pIck5RD4MxiwijsHbgM0TBx0YdtY4JBVTBLZBSvCkSHjEqA+7cFXEfeIcI5EZGUZQHWxS14FlSJVuVK5XOH2s7ESL\/3b1frXszL+sF91y2162RN435y2RG\/WFHEzyvlcVDjNUsy2DTTAzIFeMMCMqJ2q\/sF1Ruy3cscrLLKIQ6vlAvAGabRqDkhq1bxBDKkZjerSMYBrCYIabU\/JeNB0HokVMSvEH0ubLFbnXSTqzE63+D+38L926+rYdFpvLNJIQH5fSnbOUjTcpub0RzHBRMWPOCCSBJDQh3KdJ7TUDeqOLLdSUeEhAgf4G1XMMkdBIpDsS3lEGCiIZHigV3IsHnoka0PxV13cVYxThmZWb6OdgUNU37fvdYj1cxqlsPnPt7H7tkknJ98wWoHYtmvfJUU7U6qcJtZfxlFcHOpI9Y5ejyNaYepgPyBeQsx8qZiskiYQ1uu0J8WZmydEvmugd8rD\/4cVIhlH3Uo0ONIStEJE4qWXbMGWjH1fVP3fX1wvz281lotjGcCF956Az53QszVNGOxIc2Zn8DiaqZ5yGqTWNOgPpmE7IoawZkjk5yfjMJP9l1106zWDPm+ZoQVlx8tSpF++xeKbgrky0CTz9nqJ7STAPirBn+AWubMneQYoAnDuWri9bZY9oGpJsKCESvBJM2JB4GwNn0DuQ+gf+6UVPccjlEJXNivpGVUOedHLd0tTAvl3t2q\/MHxfvu\/W5AqSO59lhI1XULpvkYs9UlTyG5pgThKCzV3KQxI0CbpbU7Y8EIDq3HbVW8jI3hlvpImS0Bi5myI0MARuQxARuGCvm8o1hnqxqCDIgAqRNw6wIpFadXLmJavub1WazumzhbCjn0dmonATxAjWinCG5SVTJDDeao6uhRupXeeTyFsIgMKlJvqhHKWPHDK2G2av08kvctHBTvGXmJnPcJKLoTQThejgGDNcwIGZdkI3gTxPYRJH9zeLduwvpK5zruRnpy4ri71JPRZWJvTWyI5BzZwrd+oiLQwF3qpMwPoCc6qh+KSqqkW57DYchFscl8KrHwmJN4OqMUBYG9Gq4nDP8sqfZ1pGKu27ni0upyF1GRZJInqzvmfSbqc+K2Y5wsRuTSeFVTYxvMb4aGM0Ulw9z2jXtF1qCxV08qnBHB6ivzKt1PNgeaaipIIXEMeXIwo4He3OIXSOWhoAg4tGgwqw+zXLSQzhRhf9d6kvWF3Kw4C+isCY7k5LtmXfgYehYq85rBz4voXFP\/2vFdBAowI7Ra6YeMtUbKavQkzWrMNJxRCcJ\/mUQIFKORGYwepAts5CYWaOpANlqnAx0bJkATj+JyzC5VPFmarZjWm8jRt4+Rahoqm2g9aqB4Yj0sgLDNtKrDokNY09Cgd5WMVCOYR8DL4MzvXkuHOHs1GvV9+31T39bX3wK\/EWqSSNOT3ESYPbMQ82VpqwxM6BmDhOz18b4cqCqhZx+jfYzy4gCOmhif9FkgNMEe+TTvl+1X5lvduu7xbI1v2s3q7NVZneRntJIULN2PSSHEExNc55ZUlQvcIathmYxDQbBkHELWeMZeWuoudF0C4YUcdKR4Y582sP9olu+f9mU3aEG6j9tJSQJd4s5z+g2Mg8a7FSh1WQRgHKaHmbV0VU\/E4uY+qt\/+tu6vX7h1rl4ng0xzsNlk2Pdg\/ficDLTGv7SiumKWb1PDTYKKTxQcZg9lFRS4W6Y6BYu0KhxN01rxqmV3GhELZkko24\/hEGiRmuTsvzAkKgYiCdXLB7t\/eqnv71swep0kdGVGmdyij1EvmUQKzF9QAsQLMPK9D54BGXBR5EYo3yS8cHAREXcg5AunQ9Zs\/4Zuj05+4lu\/a+r5eJlcw\/5onOexd7MsUdkwVaNel48jjDPuUU6Ak6zNV5jHowypJMzmei6f1zthutF17\/sCNeXxaeKtyYG28t4UfrBNF4qnl5TAosWCjGCIPqv0ww1mdLJGU3U0n\/ZzdteqjRfMqFsL4pDFR9MDLFnUpLkn9vKN\/I\/0ZyoYKMqUfJJaiRdInFS8qWQH4VzWRsk3dQmsEBCU41lKdyYxygy3tVacpMtSoG05oexANgRqFdo4C86LaAnKurv29VFESXflIvirjl7E1PuE52EDZOkLObu1WNY0aHPdDDkKUJIM4GoqJ++qBMeztaTJOAniuP3q93wsv237jKCrrOJ0fVaRRZpTVjmR3vWayWmnDqkfDaIVhXEc+B1Z\/5fYxjqd6BzVks5xqYjPM0evml4kuRIFLhVuPUw9ZKmJhcuayFjs3utUw08rwEglHRBxlB+0nuzz2mkb59uyhoJMsxpC6ypiOrIYKJ8km\/gHT65MXYa+7jfLi6jOe8v2pGcahOL7TWXkem3TPDxtJk9KnkZ6MBOBPU2yHxOTsFN\/fPrl1LX2eF8FXzZFRNL6jmBPGYkGrpVWI5Xa8gqscqOaWQQbYW\/w3eObMKAHNNAU8RVzcm5ThS8\/95uX6ze2RQuk3Riwta+VzMqI21ZI1Go72OVktd5eUSoE7XfDAunQRgehcywU07OLxzxibUk\/HzOvdTppVKbVOcetWmGss7qP5kZA6YhZWZDXawetRMYk5pFrJnfJ7m7P9LQNpsXKilNc+HcrEl16ZmVj5MWVAMHR5T\/M5HVwYdpWYCZWe0KHw5y\/BITLtzeDQFThrWozB2zCBOlaswzYBkAq09ZTpho1IlDDEU98IU5ZhlnCltkh\/ugeQNMOahZb8Z8XUtTu2g5XmBgVx2PcCKyPCgY5vEjmb56PJcn92aahPDT35BpdkmuXsqXmUspmhRsz3oHMhCag4l2LjI8DG18jehpplDSUBNSESh3ceIKs1k1mwHFN5qEEFA3eGraE2Xzm3b5wwu5iS3n2QwjScaC2bMADC7ogAi9p\/sG0yosUa\/xC\/PsA9IXaV6h3MszwVxjGVRMPKmUNaCe6WA4q\/BP11oZjXBHxXxTJoM6ljjUqrfVqvr6xxpYqyYZ3bxMfY5aK0Thn3kUaMohwleL1lD2OQk1dZCotV5q2lGvRgYxM9ctRUSGFVUwX88oZTZauiZkntQxalmvYTX9NdCZwDQT5gtpJmfQdCDHtwXWICbEOTOcy2NlI8xelBSfJJwyTdq5a+GTv+DA2HKhf0HqbFLTN2Zf7eM0EQmOEWp1YyYSyvEa9TYh2QTahFfHKeEjxogEc09YmIogsGFaCkrCsYRNReEGZn9yPSaa+x9Wu277ooMULnRWBA88Fz9uOtO1WKJNBhq1mA4bippv5oUkrQDzDI6lMZWapI9qT0SnWeIuTlaW4ZxMLqyPUnWXj9m6L1iEEi9yQIQUTIqxh84NT1kz1kOEvd+B5YCUXswv0rJLSTkx9FCMBRGQSnDsiD8XMs0GteBGqT9GPCSa1iAYhFgWgQ+M1vnvE3dczZgsimHVLwJRF1np59UTov5iJOOhBM5qwi4TdxP9vHCRMMOR+CmwBfa2ucwsM9NR3YmZzGtMuEJpqair9MJUatVErZJye7QFreyP+7wT9zCEQKM2aFGPe06XC9P87dWuX9yt1hcyiWwvi7hkWU7x3nlvIlikTY2m3SWtS0+s+vSVYhSoBmKYpQfloWEiR0OzjRnIyKxE1S7yRj2Kbj3chCcdOWFil\/x2uezml+Vp5MPg+LkZZc42ffaoY29MQfF6QvgAXDPSqyOxzAaB86zVrS5oOIkhKYZiKy09Yo4jqIqOK9F4vYQpUT2VpDCkJrnYvC8+dqA5VFYVnozTZDIxab5Zre+Ea1ywTKW+cJmiYFvF0lspjEpaaQngl7FA1TI7gMdDarBhnTpkjrHIk9Vwjnab2NwgIgdNVpKb5XCdnG2YhmCAxHdZyoRABF42YS+OrxT6pBAHKKSq6Y2QVGykMEQmj6G6RXPnJedelA8RKUUYqDAQKZTLWrSl\/muUjAtfLUjmRjIEIp4u0IVumYDTwBDwQYsKURIr3MWjGFMWEtXyGpKzTOxApge0KJMQP01NlSSwLjG+k9kCYWJnff2+nXcPl4W4sr8slzMKKEYvgTGJ4mfoogIyYIsQU12lSCgAMk5F9vGskdLVRGIvDo4YnszFq+JJWyVM80gW68XG\/Hs3DKvdWpjrbr3YtstFe+ZcU7iQmoKvTYyldxWVzKDljVDFreTyB1\/FYOIIckSpG8lSLOvxVfNUOw3J6qL\/GyRjInurYc00\/HY8YYpNcHJJ8rTSatkNl2VmhnyR69RGqcsovTrkRHfPtEVLlZAlblA5bSLBXlDKY\/y+UtIyUcgSsAHCngq64ua4mjWmindANBNJekBRq1R+exOS4k1YN1YanVyaaVJIe3fbd1vzx9Wund8urmnlXkgy3vmL3PBOUqx87KO6RyxkkpfzLLgwQvQAF7BVlqQrOdjQTjODJw0jbw2i7tEQ6sJZOUhIBmhOn5KJRv71fN2+6HQcusnOOB0lCrhM6APyxvbZZHQpefxnzR75iTY94qPOM8EMx8RplZklwJNH8ZesTxPHggQHSw8EwWKiUDOjJAj8nKgpQBoQOLmTln+cquyLueQyX6CZJX8h28iNSNsaIXGjtX9M1ch0emi0j1B5ViFDYB5Dia7UMYU6fmhftR4Zq2BmNAADKlSavU\/AnU7Gi3YalGrn8\/an\/3VZdmpoLq3gSSbkLMksBQ6fWhEKiqJMgDkokTSa0UFgN4t4A1MFoKw3tFmZLmRVWbfIBofnclwQy2rBhlWzkileaJ3Q49IQLAdAASeXaaLE\/ls7X5jfLdaXZfHGw4By+LRRK7igycaeuHON5oggc5\/uLWS7K1JIqkZgl0ZdO7T6CpEmNWBvK3VpZK2J8EZdBc6c5JrRH\/kD57eLy2tPz3aLjZnWKbMSEhA4ha7QWvMtk9HMJdiKrIlBvbqk8ksdehYUR08vF8ErWVM9hiUVdc2Mhe5JAUho+FqtaqbEPbkmYZr99X63WN7crtYXr4oPFzkLncDohbrHEB0gFcTMQAIzNc6aHisBDyMyG8AyFRyuwDMvzjBXa1UJXD30rO4tew9WenLeE33ym3V7J2nsF4sSAaG9xG0vcKzBN71jQqSHdu408yTCV0odG1o60ncJlQfwWwaiAUthmeRHDD\/motG7pxiCntEqRkAdq\/WJS+FOO\/\/i1FneLpbb6tvVTko4LqME5y\/LZx6XRB2wCvRAVCjF5Ygkc\/XpaJgXdcDIqEU9tVwkjjAFUTJYMctIhnzmWDAGLJyQIUmBv5MBUSOs6OSqTHTQP6\/b9cNLyMQe5uC6c5SrbEIqva4GkAqD8QoDS+wWiJsETmGDQv+x4BiF7KjX13y8WhF1gkbsEJ9RBE0gPjLpUGM+nvXlyE81CtJ1cm0mSujvV+v3q\/4FaxPqyySuy6IB5d4R8VOLLsXWKDxPo6MNWpeiTnkGX3DkylgdFAiVxwxuq8ijihoc1K8IMmyg0jRg3wROpLOPyjzCUABiAYZPAcTuyVS+eJStvG2Hi+vws78M+UBS\/G1CIpchOqVqY4p2iexiQp8SCrlB0irWkMgHFFrEs6oJlUQgqJN1vxMV9Pe7xXwxtHcvOTOxvsxeTwLfnpsec2A9BCCpE5CAkf5BdDePbF2wBg9kE6pgKLU\/Xcs8LW9bzW9Nd3Mr2tL6\/W7xEgPEpoumFrI1sW56WM1E6CA+qTAuuqcYPgTTgwN6Uorm1NS0rKgnziBhtQ0NN9gqBFqFwg08VpTQoJJDHKkGSFOnN909XaDe\/P62XV+\/ZHlCucz550tjorNEYAh7jA6CbxSiDUGldqgxcFARmI8I97qibQZF+FD0D3rykUCEXJDASBSwMClfFJu2GnM+WPXMmhjmFrF2HrijGsl0QD6DuaiROYcYDiFtkmZAO5YNlGfqetNEkf16s0Ee7eXrnNNlmB51Y2KKfYMkA0CncbRweTWMSKRqhGKrHgMNsYqK53P6gE2U0F93y+267c2fFh+kEuH37XB9vj5WX6iPSRacCFqYqYjWU78G3BECiIE5ZkkjPJFAHmXEWEYJb0Ch\/+mzMU0Qad+9Wy+W3cVKVagvQyVprIk59FZTlB3T0wIBlTVTn+4p\/vpMKllK08TV9fbWfNMu7y7cFlsurHFrnIkZqQR+DGNoFjLxiYjB46DeEakSRZCKdn16KkfuxFXf3txdjg5zWW2jKMOx1D0c8QCyYnp8hYL+DAiT02QzUa7+6\/19t37ZgfD1Zdp4HU3MqUfgkH0BYLGOcXJFsndekyiaZ6i+mebv\/fDC4Z9do+EejW0QjmNiLqHmqTyz\/kKMJ8+EfpgXWZVcuBA0LM5gCVAtAX8pKkJA\/MzBClWsAoKeMwfOsWB1RMdybJ+mdopXiYESAYCjldMx9zzRnn7XbhcvINFw4ZLlbGLJPTNrkhYzOkJTOEU0cfvinFpX0VUj5gLTEOTyk1OaKE\/\/1m225terVkqKLySE+qKDV2JjYq77gkGCPQABk3VzCg+DAryK8akMxAWiIsj+nZZU2R25kJarFyY9p4uOZclSupp6IoKQnmqjsG\/0PTPPijUtWlNpCYbNvCZLoH76RU7O7SgP9f3tZ85CHefWOJN83XM+DrjGTnM8AOAAh3AgCGcD5Vc1Ladl\/4FluycnFY4raJbzvwAG5kUVY\/4yIkzRZECDqbHJ7PMxMyOznUlihre2kDk5iXicdXH\/09\/61fsvRHtBqiJTz0wKxWT2FRs7MKkevmqWiNOn4KlQUTPKipDNhHujWTjsqkH8Vt5nFKU9w4N5MsKR0zSxYNe\/NB\/JxnIZldbWZDEy6CNgpkBRrG1L34Nm89SsATPMm26e2dNpSZAAB7yUKg8RaM6YSS6FVBkV8ks3ymnEl2WnVLoIh0UwycJaknpf10\/AmqzY9qxvZfIQe448UwaYj9IMN5tF\/5kru8aZe2uybXomhKp9l6sR\/pVeZaXEQIzNWr1LNWr+5PfTvHOi7\/zT6qV1jSFdBp1RgvFeiBIlpeyTIYnW0mWkoFqcqN+mARTsSaCsic7xT8ub28X6JVa7C5clS0s2v5eqEebogNm7k4tb7FH1XHt3c7vabl8yyPqiKIUQWCixb8YeG0A6EFcIdDpC0Tsi6kJ2BeSgKqz3mLFLbxoB\/BxR3IkvZ\/3eKQNfBBq8WMVOU8xa1sucdE6XoyKZ3fuL0S6di5dtmkCt1E1vA9uzIcbvNIG7aLZxTdBuFkxaRXVAjI6dJJBdqNhgUTVk9fAT3ufkZCfayZ9vFz\/93xeHJoq\/LHInk3Wuh27IakHP5Ayi4KfnAo0lHKVntOvLDf7LQJJ8MTHn3qNE1XGkyEw5KXxKPCoR+IsAw12mkKfLpA48Ejb3cClqErMlIGBhna3izWvJUTMmtDucpEx\/C3oynZxRmsKkrHbra6mwvdR2ai7jv9HXJlkr7nUX9on4duzWwJIYwtG7Kkbm10kPTeJqStABucRop2L3vU+ANB+1rYccjZNTPqrzWN+a3\/bm9+1DdymCXbnMtxSTMxmgpXAoZR1yOEzwQJsyx7RpFlNq5X09Fr2g6AH9fKAF21qNarpeEdxJbIgAg7Sc9s2XMgWDWM7\/suilSP6CBXCpuXABYjG5xN4q4CBaw8DtyT51ijbqIlNnG6pUJ4ffnMIhvLlZzC9HIjy7WukRrJEgHoVFKdqujWk3yAV16JMR0JoRUa3IJllFazujZi0U5nRBCUESRzHEXqSt5pjrQfBjgm2VsSMbu2XBRkChDOQElpWBCtAKYrgM7IvDrCGICxsteS3xkRN4sryyOYpICezEZeejuRQEs0iuS91rpZDVGmxfldG8cSxBTExGdyySRaNFMEeCJzUE5i0jcCF2oSh8CpJi2GkRzIINeHXxauL90Oz32gesAfhEOl0z1tgpL9neXgjqF+OFIZvaeC\/5pg1yZSXoJDC8aDXMHnVB4vlow4V8fZe0xGFfKYdDldStB\/ojqDGLIyxXQ5cAWc0+srUeu+nIcp6U3s0Rvsz7dvkSVTPmy3C3sgA+S9kPgdWoTrL7ZtRWF6xtYVyL7TXYoki7kAQVnnnfaouIq0HbpxVWcrLB2TMO\/2aaud\/2LwUcCZfhUWYXTcqhr0cFRtO\/Mk86I0gV6+dHNPikgDOjl5oJyA2Ei9OOjAQjY20eY\/ZG24UpDgtbbIk74zQxTIuX2+X73eKlS3KuTjfWgTXRpBL6opvIGrbAGg6WDwLOUcHpGDAs7MYJN1OpNDu9ARpLPq0LNlPY893HF02uuUy1znU02dq+GQM4ivI\/8n92U0b\/s3pfgB0NzSK0BDk5lWPv0HtxqrzUFr8QMicLLGOUnB0Gi2tFf2WjJMq\/yDZ9bOSIvF5i19Phksc+CWO9G2g+jZCMhGN06oio2UtMYcJOn+U8xYHYmT+sdsvP65jQ\/S1OXA\/C3wsx\/QL7mWmPWbbTQlEcYSJhQhLs77Sy25QjF+h68TNwEny+iFqLRO1j7AM3kHV0yYx8iZXwKLi3FM8Mm6DNLAp9gcB\/clpH4DDLh9Vu\/eISy3TZrOScFdcrqANThll67Ed+qvWOmbAmLMTUMFd6Dll7iico3UZ++OlvL3VWCzbsRYylsSY1sbcj\/kvYl8uzeSf7VI15IE4hGK0yT2A5MYuueQZVwNZ2mjK7ftnMmstoMAviXmj6scKcqeDoT0yYc5a+M58L8s0qfiSSKMeykipqj3F0xNq78eF\/Pz1bd+xxv1t0w\/yFMvAwnHsOidaCFCm7ya71mu5cw7xi3h2zfZLmkLPReNBcAIIlNxWd1ek0l7T1FGCvnS9eHFkJFx7A2qQouMeaq2UpNayCs2diFCkkRyAAsuMcqc8lQhpXTttVQyM6PckwLY24\/jn889yCdv8YQErF9g4M3mnb+7Dvtp3QUKwwiK4Qa1pR5cVe3JfURVqAgXmwmoIZ2S6ZRYen5x6niaq79dB+XpCWfeRMMNZzr5p5hBQEwClLS4tGORWAnliCVpNUrVNI84a4ZBWrAyLzSGgfn57uRAv6\/bJ9v3zhdEt9mdCvg0mp9FnrftgANapfAGDaVmVIZnvLERcYibvPNAyrj9xcDz\/97YVkGy\/DYcjSPzWKT9UqimfUSHTcmx52365EO1KzoV5S9grd7fSsnugzP0NIhsuwFaRLUQquV8WTAJgN28AW4p2MXSHRG4ct54qi0hL2JD5XR2DrZhrY\/Nj2L80jyJeZkIKbEQTeWztUMkFHu9g1aLjliTATWaOKDS1kNnCZIA4D3vpcL4Bp45B\/FYSU9QtlYRMuVAAElluCl0zOSdpb26nnDPmm6DkHcc5macCEOD2RqRazWs5XL+WKrlxEfqM2PZYBspeg1TRm5Os6rYdBtyr2uvVs8o6dLMilOA2XPu2o8UfpT\/EzDIVzIeb3hoI1KeS+YsgYOYrAXqBLg6BNwOYhPr7VRO3EbuyOLbvZz8IZbY+OQj7Lqj+iiZyeuD\/yVAw\/B0nO1pcRp7T7k0A0sa0IOmEJqR8NEVj8Pm1Y+1emsQkgM4Sf4f\/T9hvftC\/EAXSXTagREPw69wRjcux9oLhd7jnSm+gZf1y0Q\/fxQhjuywYZ62ySR29QzZTCUE8PLh0tY3t3GWxLenXSEnv9\/kk72\/X1tJntbn3dLsdmtljcYE2yodf2yGJ0SYNdD85cG+pJAcA0UrDVMDdAsdMIZo8mvbmwmTqTzGtiDz8MtiFk3NgLWDoIuyBueORxVIREQmqnR\/VD4r04iLK50v9X+m1nbUCgMQjhqA+DE+zQqEnvyCF9GKrkxFsdEOrRjqB4IvNHpfGDg6OGUU4NI2d5lW8smrXbsfchNd+HwaVgXCraNw534mHJxMCGWI4QNzLjOkolS6adJwdLmiHXTeU8McrQ6YjNCqQLsvjAA4RhxkqHhyFJhkhQOG\/Izoehyg3h9SqqNAjmPAyWXVSYCEyVSHoyswOJGZNj0VaDSxkVSJM5tuxdRWRtKMFCsoMtbGJunDZbDYq26rlOlXNsE4c0ArSeqLWJr1OtWYYWPH2lnBb7s4pe9jAki\/YlUQ1oh97biEiBALnutKQBjvwwZO1xbLVTLvVZxw6y2p3aPwxF+HNQtCaa2cq7jRuLVNl+mgmo2mmJc9UOp7iLa26DiMJGw2xcfKLNsx0ayyPVSch8E0IzsjF2QPUs+3GnUcPm5+h6VdF\/XqC\/YURZ\/R+OPjkaXonnT9qYRBRXq98OuIQKEUJlPuLxtga+Y9LmdJEVdwBeUnmQhaQLor66h5pRkcTzfpKTXK\/W8ykrkU+69eaQmVjngmka6QJm0lDlWiIidSJVWGOlAb0wAvxb2DQCcPUDSn5Q7ofvXNQu1uhu6LRlX21ijXpcVsfxdybzSLxUMAsaFvtH7cWTjRucF0ALNNrBsxvjhsp5QU8B1lDAp9JGdcjCCMbx5coOFhAjbKeNPLoslCr8BTFyVq0ZOwCrSXy\/A7q07RsmDnBEokJiQIN7YR4D1kI2KA6FgdZ6gI7CeIiQw1A1SKut5eENwAPx1MGxC\/SgoSc7sPGGl1vYycYNtm6YBDn2nGMDO1msQYC1ZLsHiUag\/+gADGpU6OFh8GUPFevN3FD5YlJNX6PnWSdaFRs2i\/4rR10slqjt\/pgekti4Ce1o3ECoXuB6Y3V1zlr16Ad6wWTuYag0NuSGMWFrAOeQTxrYqPWA6vpQ2QHpGrgClCykhBWS37xebBm1sQPUNlk1OjYsllNrpuQ4DBXyPHAPcCMitoKFF3r3uPhW6ANRLnaws3ZAC1JU8w4uECCaVh17SErdmZHtb9BPUV6SANVSm8AFCswiH7BzDFyww3s9oKKu8K0NGuSZPBB0MMgQHXfLxjpDllooeknG6sOIwv249rLAY6dHOH+4HdHYAe33xmrTAj057O+LxmPoTLyNVdp\/o+Fu3S0IhCGyJmHg47g5FXcU8WF6OxsMPeuuFdY36D0ypyxn3VZl0J5PA+H85NjhYdxzR5BOhPB57gpPioKMDvsjmkm3onPIWWbJoYCgRk0aKhqjd1pZXCVZ8wQ1WgcRBrY9dkrFWFEHrtHoktihoFOv8h3yP8sjje5Ljtdicm5\/DUNsJAhcW5z2O\/SDUzm7fymyf3VQ8jf8b\/r94b8J+eHlcbP8SAdI98kVKcMb\/+RWwi8qCQjRxsLUqGFMp1J26fQKXaLxAkfiFsGzvyA12WRgjxDGeJBSIaPAZSiJCwd0JbWxQQ4icLwo+AI8zFmYo54l7Qxk2SdOuGHD\/bdoO8ndLBW\/F1aH0qAJuYLpBS5PhhcfOqs8w2RHSgsCDKVACMgcBVWkIRRBPaiJFjRUOcUqoK+BHaxAUxRU8Mo5Zpck5eQii4gMMqjX6oBi00gubBw94W3oq2rYe0kGlAeFtsRpQ5LrQNBLp\/cL54iVvsIpB2OrVi4zojADYSx0ZHobkfoPPoESNB0aoW4cmSMeFMdPwvicuhonpK9P+pianR\/xcjeuE28KeimblOFp4xWl0Rwm9mZ1NVF9arLy0IjCC2bcoKIcnDKzzYuuwHQpGjyPxIR2yLZqBmfR2gBCWVQo7aIMdiJKwYC8HmxpUfBXMUKYFjCMsGTgYjI4UrFoZYNA+YWRAhECEtUabepxq2Qzq40uCXyDC8RCowSyZI7ukaWoQoAKZ0cZri9ibcfhJgf21YlDRadiPYSaiqvSYUWtxo+SVORH4kVUGmAjIGFIdkILn7AYQUVRol92APYymPPg2ItOnsiERC61zdrC0MoOQY+I8jCH3cLy2boexQuzuLTSZbCW2Ymeglpebdlhsh5XgLxf5wYeDKpK2NKRmjTzQdkBlANPmRxkLuxnMZTK15CbBzz9kV8WE+SMhQmPRt5HOZAUAA7bX+JlExzR6PQhZbBMS7AT6Vr29xBXwyITZyCa416rFn2sVjTd\/SArlNv5UbUVhWIyfv3Cm7I\/iuDZpjnS1px+HgY1VGoViGVASRuGOprEexnGrtJu\/wwiqoOMDp8iLMYyVaOeDP1AINmjAU03IuzHwzNyMDO+zB7IcLENWEw7VWL2O0HJWR9I2OOHFJMGl9lmZD\/b6Yrubzl4KIzfx1v8QEBYFq4e9HaXLplD8FVQHhuCCWjGqC+n1HaPsjjDALFMOPIq8KNK4Ed6iqDU4NlmevoQ456oAIf\/ysPkvB98IwQrhi62VqAp4XEciMGp2g8PloBiQEfSAQk\/BNoFxqbR8P2Gsi7YH+qeeyqSYYJpHCg1wr0VokwOASBCxe7d711ESwPq3Rk1VJK5KbXVSbgmAFLlgWJYyvdCIkE6hjra3ujb22DYslxw6FgKWG0+NrC0JKlZhWzJQbxmdWJQR2E2XQE8w4GWI\/iCBWiElk28Cm0+i4x74bZBEcVZ51booC6EsasVFjhqFymPgnyL\/n219pWKrJnJRMRgv0qRAQVlNIx4M\/m7ZseUPYR\/xdwNomngPsIAKMq94kRaWsVRXkL\/CLA6KpjqYvyKcCiVb4hmIgcU6D9O1DgRdLS2YmOaWlO1kmYVOK+gx1lzkRmdlfCDxKIHLUdQfiLfDT56nSp2B+HPofK15nGyFVWk3PDSMlQ8DINrGlbUDfDWBNlR7Yv6qLRUbq+aI6XeD4da2ShOVDOnXKaAxlINTNiZyO7AhRqqkhhwHqpAz56FglslIaIa\/lc5RwRwpCIWo1GUc1iMA1wZ7IY7uJrxjgOTlYuSaCRl+gkG9eTKIC0BHvktdjTBzxpHrYzyk04weX+26HWfRQ+XFc5qhA0BgXM0exi0xWeDO\/z+ZaUmDJhxcgkagUKF8Y8WvH3yiepTiqV24AnZb4sffRd7jfqpujtO5GBGMCsaKhUY+qG6XrnHnaUOFbRFFBw6jJ0M0gOtPujECWMfoJrKPMvg2LTenuSu\/kBvUEGvrNtNZFQamTmkByETQLP24Is0MMPqULzB6WoPhblR2Smmz8DTtn9ZHHI15cnaKVBmSogykdjo86Yg1TCMHo1FQKMfSB5ydaf2poO7wWI2j\/qR2y8+alIk+XRgaioEDCgCCjhy+vcPssduHyh7Tk1ISBKLguZHrlukYlCB16OqRn5AwIEI\/NCu6BAiCR5aDo24d7XzMlPbUTI4FBNU+YeTg2ysUJIA5o5BDJv2Q5ejowCDSDsSc+5xz+RAe\/Q1Y+MMUxTrx9qBXVQc1FMxxqQxrshe48ohJYy6wl6VKVj1sW1xwiwbEyzNGphP9FcP7BuJxRWrenRwRVYK8g3EybQHGi4qB9B3eYCN7w8UtmIOaWwkW7pQwkg9OMmHWywXIJ5ysH+J62sPqAsJd\/uJ26luI0aFt0S\/fiQ3QNkmdT2H0QVy4LYRQHTkEB8SsRD448AYlhjVazFRRasHW8DMeQacOVTLqdH4gxdZ\/7gAOJ+Z+zQhlirFySE95iSWK+70uXQLuYMz6IbMtvQiOKVaTgzGMFQJoIyecL8oFIWaY9lkjc5s8QTLCfH0WlaN1bIx8HX66fetCmHCNnBrwtiNCJ\/b0bIN2hHEwyeuAXaPBznWlTS0bZqBpiT4k1cHrtqWYTSEAzuDjj0zyCeRcliDjtT3GpjJB6UAiMCjTWrVu4Gj7kZ7Eb1FCKOP1oZ+8Ez1PrAlK5\/FnTcVpOw1SOwFUVFtVm8UvKTos8U\/7JG6kR5npnItEp700TA9lIb1fq6SnpaGsXapHt1IdhyoVTIUndaO6Q6PJCwbkbTvFROm2FnzwGkoDN6y+bCbeH5lTUIk3qKn0qKBHLVtxLHIDrtqe4v3GjErWVJ2pDrcgAPpPHqBLHW1rA+xWrqsLuVE+0FTvYXcdJ89uGUZKha2ibyRCI16gmDSk8FhgDRHR6VNnFnqHtC+R6PFNp69iWFlRlfn0ecCTHRkY0WVuBN3q1Cy6IBNZQt6JunNYSBWGG0b\/ZBejgNDlGsz0Sgc0lCruD\/3BPDCskRDSCmkKpx0Biifi+x95Q8d2wG4eIGtXnSjm4rKqY3smbMf56H+AuMf8qA6iEWwPbM7cHkTEfXxivrAgB4FTcSzJIi47zY28UC7vU7FhWwelY4wOMvq2AHi\/ZDII4eX9uMt2fjHrdMEj6HKFiDhj\/NKj+KsRrxXoo+RFX9u75WYank8ovtVIqZ2eDRYiU7o6UNyj7ftHR1xv0rCFkTZrIumXsMxHQf2nOXui8Wj6GFgTRoiCnR7+pHDeKrZUyYC3zEZfYLFUaWBeHZ2YJWTxiOcrgGZpGPLTvkNjVFQm9FUeXASw3r0ZqKfN5QOYZ\/qXEXXLPgUWVwq8oZM4khrFjVcXFANEy8wxgZMzMLkSlHbc1EIwFKWQTkCKMIPOFoafu8RtIp2PaC7zxi4gbiJDVy3ZSAqBCKSjnyZFqOHaxJBbLhFUaViNDK1j7uqvT08mr9J3x7oG0YVPt3sY6AYSO1j6FJlb9FBZEMXteWURo5H14ytHm2avbICw9yyfQZyGgCZI090zRhp3YdcKaL8selUlWNqGY1rpMnBMcvPrQ+lCr6uvKRWBGq50lZJxL6UmgpA+76LDhgCOumIL1q0B3\/UpEbUUdFK0TNIDjZaxAw5RRMapBd5AK4ypQTVNH7SRUU+ON13qCHO99hzSKiwTgLikpF3EBHOt1VKbM7697rMDL5IRyDHOjonOLg5M6sIjl4CP0uP6D0Dk8VHhYVotFEKrYkeI48owDyS4UXYDMoNvTKER4uoSSYU0U7yUGSpCtMYYMzzokbvIhSEc8PY0Utg4BsxqRL7gIovni0SAxy8gT4CWe9ADLeILCtAkTBJngkYqGQf+4BhIyp6BQqqRBB6RSbmmIEgcAVAF2fJJBzhdm+dpcELEgh7ZIkdceR2PbCbxXVWCCMa9so9YmApF9E\/bYP3CcP0tRxflQ9eTXr7hHHvpYB4TX3ktu0dz0IXbi8RZRdLilXDJog2EuXcaQmFdFdCKpBgtFmIb0mMtNpIAW16TGbKGL5DPkIevU4QCiw9dGRo8HpVSYzFOj0RwI\/eeLjFBjRa82PyC9zsB7MZFawDX4G4Vx8DHzI5j7ybPc6\/G014MgItG33UVtgCYdweSoZ6r3yEYzOmZuNMm4cghfUHkQY7sKz6MMSiXRcO3j8JK9RyFFzaqwhiZljFBBrNYSF9xANQE1IejakktnQ6sMitVsDYx7VIjE3J+4CbPxTiPD+qYh76Vnw05EQHc1WwY0OrYnyOB1jZYqvglDQEmtaFi2OPATF5pG+FcKm4j8ocqheCp880PFHIa1WCrFh\/AdFRjcuLiYcEoZF3CBnkWpPb9NEiuRqe2sdp23Ez90vjqYodegIOkwFkVwefUVsLDdbtbwdN5Ahsaym3ikOp7KMkto\/KbzhQVCeaIQ0sL6ktRpGRBzaSzwwhjpYIrKUiwd2G5T0QsZk5iYMeP8lO0MmTY8qaycmXw58C46f0NouZExRI6sA6Y58YIboqJtQEnNYDmbWRh6QIGulRDHg60Adt3f64rglgHo\/hlTBYK2KhpvsRxUkjHmgcQXAK0vfZA5eFv9AXopxOJA3KcjbGe2hMvtHBBwmO4AzaRlUWXCniYUijqUR0zxqmuXBxWWfEFjQIigDGXsknqoLENQDCLavOTnUHbgrpUs0GTyy5B1QADb69U1YdvFE96ApYsmcWhFKvhygZpLlBVK1hT7EABNkjsZEnBl0yeXBMWGJHAYDgIOnAsWxqABqGbnySOL0SvPCMIWj7Mj9IA6BKjUgmpFAp9wMTogrpsDaNTrBu6Mir0eHO71MEbTP63tGHZrCMPcnZkQ4sbp+Z448CewzcwZ82utQifKA1O3M+MrwC6fsoP6pSs+HySLySYsgKnf1n47sO8paajAycxrDEEB6bgXkjkiFjkUZJlkm93LrUCBOC74pNt0YeG4yb2HSj3nLoJ6+moeTjQHE9IKKuuYMHQ8+IJLFfGCBwJBHbOcazJENbzn1BxNs1smWZWT02uUoAHCWLzObTabPrVXuUNiufTJNma9uYUmw\/ehX21qBE+AfHTFYR1QHu0QK\/D5pwiTCp2LfNhKGB69dqZz9Jv9WGzUPTEKdAaTsNhRgcold7oVlUMbk0eNewpFMSmCToKAsxZMdG8eIXE59QMXtJnwYXodyDKlJhvZDyTaHxMQfMutML1C7W0\/VpF+v71Xq70U9X7969nW3Xu2529eZmsb7pu8nt99uZufnx7cxaAa6\/+fh2VqTobf12Fl6NJSCTP8ZCjHax\/tWkfuyPy3aYL8zXD4u7xQ+d+afltlsv2+1itWx78zUH9dffde12t+7+qn\/LlP7OoIp0rZYxNdKf5bwxHTX13a7u2n\/IWBqB0sFYbD53LJPyre92623bt+a73W07DN38HzIqlIjJqKKUFp03qklt1bc\/\/W11v+rnRlqItWvBmHt\/u1qfP7inFHnfTwnyvm9vus0z5NffcCJJQOKxvInLmw4nkp5M5L6fUt\/X14v5X9rlV+afPqzWHwnL\/dd\/Xd3veszhr\/5VMcOi7+X377ftdrf566\/b+8W27Z9b4XFkKEbjEqczR2b\/DmTiwZjcq\/TCMRWfxtWyZ45pQotf39wIcNjvb9tlOx2RffEqCbAz+Uc8c0jTzh\/Xu7+0WmG2mAzKvniZotRby5iSP5eowrOVZZMRxReOyEXduCzNhc4a0aQQ79erZXu3\/viV+f1usezaf8ygGoE5ATX5cyk8TaH+hu4r8+fV+9U\/Zjy5qChKZy9SPmqW+b6dAzHpqL5yMryXkrrPYZQE5w6vTMGLluvVh0X7lfl2cf2U2OuXnsDQpHHZzmUK0\/L2+V+kwngEyzsYVFMaKZ+8lKyC1fHYc8czrUifVp0ejsfGF4zHpjSK8CacO6AjLMElmmSNXX2+frde3LRL86fufnfdL24Ox1i8e8EYXfYjFy3nDnHC2X+37rrt6oflV+b7Rbdet+bbbrXsJgNz+SWbGZWVNu7stfNTzrVdLXEgu+VieTignF6yUrZRpuWlj8V5AwpnYG8fDiy8aGBlJPt4LnuYFlt\/s9hs2t3I4g3\/PBxXqP0LxpWssofSNOeOK027aAyr3Waz2t0JStQzepar00vWLKjyEPO5yoPNp2Cf\/3zbjdDPhwt20Xr5UeGPI8V7julgRCfGM+Hx37bvV5uT2kzzKBafHYHTVXHjlqWcztHuZRjNUaP51clR+Efp98lR1FatsFLsmaNwUxz+63YuqvmJcRyowJ8ch816sHJw547DHsFh7ZbP6Zjh\/PVo\/EgY+dxxTIHHhAOaXy+2H58Zizt\/TeJIpI0\/dywTtvyvq\/XW\/KFd36x26+0zw6k\/ORw7Lo1XCVsCxZc\/HI4\/OZwpmNf769Ww2tyeptomWjnInxxGOD43ZwwjTtuZLua792hicmIYpUlnDaNuRvdF8ucOI03bma+fG4KvzxvCaJUl784dwoSxfr+6W21P70amhvPJMewtw8bZc8cwYaa\/Xe7e704OIVEx\/dQQklPlpaSzR9AcQQW2d92zQi+mfNZKuL0PKdRnjsPXRwZpt5yLht4O3Xq1muhRIcTzTodXzSmXcw+pt1Noz\/Vq99wg\/HlL0diLCdNP0ZAWBOP6fjdvJyPwzVlkmUZ\/Z1Z\/5xkDmOJJr65XRpozyNNXzxuaPp13VMPoAcvu7AGFKdN6flu8O2sQcCdddlR9PBYnq+qPqw+rE4q+ovB8+pi4ejyu4dxRpOlK3O3W89Oc0zX+rEGMuxHDuSLE\/\/2mnIdjyOU8zhlHR4g9+5CUI5Jo9+swGYE\/bxWc1xHE5uxlaKaQssu5dMo8MYIzKVJZZm7imQMIR7B26\/bupN1pzxMeYRxBieeeiTBt8vTQrbu71bo76bVL55FCGV2ZsZwrOsKEX\/6+W3aL5SmGadN5tJD9OIR0rtwIRy7e7ua2e+pesvG8NYhBz2Sx5xJjCEew4cu50MLTEZwltWJRzT\/VZw9gwh6\/7+CTfOJPduftgC2qUIaYz33\/hDF+\/b6ddw8nTqO1Z21BicqZQzlXRoU8VR1OudNtvkyZjeefxKOWOreQkCemf5ZGH8LovffnCqZwbI\/fiSV8gg\/YcJnydi43jPUUSvH6lo7nj9PXnymak77dhXMtmvik4d38dnHNU3DK6VbOooUy+rpLPncn4jQCtm3v7ttTcYtylo3p00iL4dyTEI+wuT92m6dnIZ95FIoKJVefPf8wPQpDu1y3m023\/cp83T817s46ENnpNoSzNbU4bdGxGK53d9sTPDE15wmlaKfOmDNGcIweeY0euuc49dNZpoUf9VeXzz6l+Yg418+dj3AWn0hjnDGezajjhFX+5i\/dctk93ZYz9cY8WrpooXDe+yec8uve\/J\/tD+9OsCp31gK4MYYY0rl0kerp+exEcz6lvZ\/n9sijT7vYc5cgTXnlvOu78+jSuvPEVxnVh3PVlzRlmh9Xu6XpevP1dr3abZ4j0TOddEVJ1J+9PNO2mUO72bS3Jygk8u1PM1P69tqMv9w\/k6Sy7X7cGjlB0tRY+Mq+YfXD25mMffq8m9mVpp68eS23Pj7AitNXTuDew\/ncA5Ahcnx7EfKB77D51PslmePJ260cAFCf\/+T4d395cj+SXUTTDZ+aPpMkju93icPPqXzifk1pOH5AI24ZuMrCqbsk5+D4liw+8I+aS\/R333mQIXD8EF\/4kMZ+6iFjHP\/J0sc66jg+tXVjyP3J5EVrg93\/yScgRv5kCEliJWS\/7pP7J0HtJ\/tXnJJP+sT9Y8T5yRwSKajx7pMUgNDwk0k0pAC\/7+r87CLsQ7lPn6ELGT+1mwyzHt+fnJ7CfeeG5+4\/jI4+pQiexVj8pzfjL7v+yf11HXQt7ewKscUT3EaJrkzYzZWEAJ8+TxzsiOhN6OuKkboTvISrmGN99GwJqD29vHY62gnvuHqMez29JYWRXu3knkl86uk8Asm8xAmVXu3DSE\/uCAfLdLUP85yYQlHuPx0OIjJPh6G8NoXp+jB48ixrblwzu0Jw4wnZeZ6dMuUgV4xDPHmgr63yyjK9nOGCp4vgebJyM102OvafniH3OL0r+t2fDDiTa2abjwZ86CR\/OhAVstlPb\/vu5ECaXD+u26On+cRR4PRKdkdPhVv4yfU6iBiPTw48uCdoVcWMqzHS9sQjYR\/DUTR9Jt2hTyemZFz7KfHTd3l8eRgvj1Pq2DsanwynqDSPZUog6hR8uiJBr89J9ANx2z3laZHLVqb6zZU62Z4oFI1TkTa9HC6xp2vc8PyFNGUhdGA90ZUiNzw0+YieV8+e1Xi0ePQNPVnqqGpMcMdc9e4EoxwP1lTnuoLX5amM5rUuTlnMo4vkqUoUlWu72dXowHiiv+RxfvloxB+7p1KjbkhKzrqj1di7B55oWZ6jCEenazTlnxJTqk+LA1reTyagp9dNhaVM+MnBSaplxibPrmiyPqX9elSFprSvFuZ4vVgLTy2GzU3bd3rb3bB7O3OvokvusPwk1KZJ9a1Q7Oujj2P9wdXfOV\/0V7lgr2CpitekMruKtTTLmAxl80F+zhcfrt7MFx\/GQS1\/FINoaO+r7WrVb2Zmveq7t7P369Xufmba9UIMmuuul9DPvfmw6H54NKOG9n630FoQc7uYz7vl1Zvr3Xa7Wprtx\/vu7Yx\/PN7R3mzfzh5Wq6FaLKdP\/\/fVajALaYSx+fAe7\/lm9ePbGUqTpLxLr+Zbxne+W93sNu21DPhd22+6KfK9iR9smCyhYCTc8jNdDg7w7FGvdtsTw5ZP\/2Hj\/tljXHeb7miUf5KPzPa24wb+w8YqJUat1MkRRdu98lV8ladUa8KHcHtqOiRFGckjKd4IIfarm9nx6KRwyl00vokqvLrZjE1hTOizPBM\/WI0ltXsNyi4b\/Ea0\/LGosvLahq\/KQFTJbNwDLIyM2lwWVEmZH0Cr0LipwW9em2bV7GPneSsaN+N5csPDyS42\/eqm147pwZkkjUg9YMMCWyVJrwp0eUEBIaFI2CtD2nlI6Tww3NhjQ7uhoN1QAuY6QLW1maAdEaO1X7QC8hniLgSA+hDVSEGr2XFDe4ormCLvxt+ReA3oxQE4e6IsErWPkIA6Mm3JgtE16PeCWm8+TBpnKPTGw+CJACGjfyC2vpYWPmj9IuoKtfsKobFZ1lgFvQOwXyM21cMQtZeiFitjII7oPVxOwnJjooppzzpyAFdoOaxR6CGOlaegYkcRy3XBG\/WR9mHICkLJaRAez6HNsR1BDHkp0TuwJJwaYco4wIeBLU90AdD5Z3wxxk0Ecl7Cpjd6v+7z46A98Q1qoM1Z3UI2WXc6bPYK3d+mXQmJG8EOsWwBIzX6Y9M11J9yRR6kDJvN\/pz2NrG6jp79rYEspN0egR\/rlcyIRgZoL6OIUtJIByBonghhiirgANlB8BO2B9VGsPvxoGaY5dD7tQvaaUU7rjwA6iKxseZ4OrQVMzGI+W9GR6Da+Ax4MwswMhybhyHz9TKlB+JZ1WgOZLVnO4ezHxARpgz2VFv\/4AEKWF3x+ZaNdIDIxS0fgbu0U45VUvJ8B\/viCHfQ9q5s21SIblSxARKXGye0imjTJF1qgoJr4iwJpgFOBo6RHmBioSmFYn90eopTCdwQ5QvkG1bXzbHVUAV8OsVnxfkLRPLkwS7sR4+Wy5YF1u5xkrqE2u5CCbyW0SbC45mReAgLFEmMulpOkUkdIDd4YN2DIIhr43RZrvQwaJMmb9i+CVN5YBG4ZR+6Cv2vCCqEpo8A6lFmY4lrkNmJlL2wZXEeAOjHOWOFyTAsJ5+9AEdYZcIExfdEJyZwh7JcS6BudBbAG3WH+Ch9vvEH5yYYO7YJUHbN9Rvv4fqSJBu2y8WTsh4Cz566DkAQY2sidkty5O5s60XQFeU3gLOjTNJW7ASZ1SkYPZray9dr+wKnHfLImL1eGfdLwH+DyhtLnJwKdGVBrzqIh0GhAJWUExECHxTpDqyvIW7HnkPvT1cEiGwwQbmyp2wRYF\/A8tQjjnmlh+5B6rmtsmzSuAfIgG4ZuEEhR9Sj4ZWGHWrbKTM8kUQB0wW4rrJfy3ps77AfqX8cMTYPLVvG\/mBKLAdiTA8Lhx1H4lBhkyE5GlM4tlpZXVJxaXWpPXByhIyLFVA2tNkxQb8Pj0dP23ZRnnmiGgK+R1sOoaeZR682YvhaCi9CdnptwR1UV0DjMT32JH7OMikLGudqiUpRjbwmgId4ZagWcBte96YZubp2kPOqPznVnwC3AMoN2nwOkEWPx0VmQIg7Yj+goW\/ltK\/H2Dnd4yEUI1DLRohDMIMw8gLh7\/XIu+WrWpdBD8rD2CZpJDH\/IHheReGq9WxXiiSo3KHWBmtoijayOj\/OlGvJPmdWz76y7QegF5PN+wfBhvFZF5r6ileyo1rp2Aytik6Q8J3ZbxuEjLQIG28hdOPDkJ3xjUplT5aggqGmtsHWn3oqcKb3Ul0QmzjFB+BT+6D7BvBJOd8kFOpoRfu3jR3EPURnVkpVVrZvnyi7wf5HOLCWEOccO3S38ThktkobqQ4HAx0BAfjNxsZK1VluFEnbqNroVRo3pD7dUhE62u0CXFLb0hGhXOW0G3mnbKM2pOFmPgwqf1RRlMXhtIP2DBSCcew3rYQl4i6CsKAW7TVqniev4xkJzBGuGYvSPPYxVP3BKiJ7PbauQ89C3B6VH8it7M7HDpW0P1QXYgd3tz\/F7PSnmmY9cmCVxCo9zdjuEqoOGqHXozTeGxhQghIQ0FUR5i5DmlvVqQMtJGD0jYjOCSuWtTUt+hOiiY0feymq\/mRVNES1tKC2cjXR87Fo60CvvMVV+0PmIU\/JiSs2qhzRVlVe1we7bBV9n+aZN2r6qBiqFEJSm0hRmYrgYWMvWXlkUgk6Nn5U9CV5N7rcqTYXKOVU53JmT20Gx8BlZYL2kSBVyxilpeW6N4emjKIGUeN1etTVjHgQbDP0NIojJ1IAy6Dtp0lHBDUbpYCq+V7ZsNPBjvqwB3dXew\/qkqLt6rCDNuQDK4ZMtLqPVEV5Jriv2rVSGa1TBuNAYLnSSZsD3QbYhkKGgfyVcnEcYj3yU64eOQhZHrkDmiZowwYFh9SzPlrE0vYioJsO7XY\/quQmjpugtkLRnpSkXZwtIMnUqi\/4\/aEajU9Hqi7cKG1mWo+sB9DNo39gT4HU\/JyehZodR8YzLedlxEAd7RE92+S1B\/4FMgpVpdR5YVXGODYHohGsrasejYCDDyu+NO91Y6vyc68EjdzgYUgmm\/1guLRqoqm8e9wnj26xPG6B1iQ2a6RGw5mO2tbIJ5xqJDzGo+i3j3JMe0Fg0OPoyFiAhkY2JQvjCTpGna1iZ2B2HXVcfQGbTW40zWADWhIyGZZ7YAsmtZbZtXacxX7vdSeLdikkt28grYhLWo+UQ+4GDiePhQ1b1HaxHKwOxo1yAJDHCpyN45GBdGjH7sIB0J8qYDz7iJmsJOrV1rJKuFENEgvt2o9Hmr\/xUABkNIwegL3R4dWXY2l+sJvKw+Br9lkeBWtGOx3VDlXJrUdnDfGfR9rz4yhxozaitcpP8pQ\/K4fyY2uvvRwpo6+hAt8SBLj0KIZJPMptQaxRWk\/qYpLQ2VlY8aT4F1HveRZoeeAkR5VlVr0zo0PggVCTdu9SrIl5Rx02VKHsWczeF1aNpB21KRiHJ4PXJsFCrLERjXAkRh218gpwJu0czDlIp98YVXx6NWusWuYii2ohJEt5rT5GOt\/gT\/KgDrRt3uNsgv6coiqzvSs69sEti4eyhS2Qu6SZlN7JA5F1rlDmFLQs7v0ilv5HyiQ0TYarQO0UHGBV8blSQJLToz\/agPJBHtVvWAW6+crN0VQ3VGObYPX80lf1rCf5nXqS6\/QqGl9exd69itWraNwrNlrc\/3r40x\/97V7FV3H8FJ9AbuA3\/nTyoMMPnv50h3\/jveSU+KPCi47+4AfP\/Ty8aRwTBSUfYvcP4W9HP59c8nAQqUCA4n4aKdusx9DK4kP3dna\/6hfb7jEMs9pt384kiLHu2vns6s3r+\/E5z0TeNtv25k4iMt2NpBpOv7xvl10\/O3EXvqhu+Q48+DacumK72Pbd7Orb7n23nL95fRumo9n105t6XDe7etMvTn1RbWdXv1lstu3ypjPblWnNzWL7UZrdayGeWa3NgLokiT32C3nQM3GryePvuo+6hDdvZ4N9XM7t6v17iezc9CP63Ie3szurW3C\/7jabbr5Ho1uciA9dvXm9uAqv8v\/+H\/\/T+sa82dy3R4t8s9ott0c7iM9+dWdnV65581ruOQxcvXRi7lMTc5dOzPpGJlbChRNz\/9iJ+U9NzF88sRL+9\/\/4n\/7iHfP\/2ImFT00sXDoxzx37qq7jhVMLsytfn57a613\/osP8raQqb\/6h+47s54MVerfo+vmli\/RPy\/nipt2u1v+ALdytrz89yt36ul1eOsr\/KjeZ7sdtt9xufv5IF8u7kUFsblu5p18su0+PnfClF479u\/Yvq7XBrZ9j5PPV9tMDf8QVnY59DOM\/O3gFi\/z\/cc2vV+s5Prhs1b\/hbf+Qcb9gwbUk4cJB\/3qxXXSbUxzniVpys1pu15JFdHWKtW375z6v+tnV7ySPY2RvT6\/adO\/\/Tm4Sbp59IkVm023fzpAu8rgk9enV+LfbVd+Zdfd+sVqemYBz6un2GdKWGqif8Vj3zGOlCPlnPNY\/81gUt\/6M54ZnV2Gs9TkgLhVv+g91VdWNP7OS\/Kd2edfNzXzxYbFZrJYbqsv3p+7Y7K5nV39e3Qto+OqdsTab\/\/f\/MZuu7262pjXr1Q+iHr9bLOdmsTWyWLedGdr7T5sDW8lk+mHdjsVEm5v1qu\/HXKdxlSU56u0M1\/5qP14pNZJPTjzwgDUwU+rxpskxOku5N9cfzbvFerOt+u5D1+8XTN4vi331ZruWX83mZiUkcrMa4XtvVv3b2ShmN6v19u1suVp2nzy3vFJsD77pgFy2t3\/nVR\/0j+VuGFfw4NXzbnPTLeeL5fvzBvBhdiVWzXmvvj7J6jbr2dWfOikq+9CZzeKh2xP6333Y3d+dx\/lLeDe7+rUMx7wOR\/N4LVv2ety+69X8o+zitF5uvvgA9INtey055z+CeZIjr1c\/jEPCGTiU4tu5yJbpMvwwVbGfETx\/Xlx3m+3izWZo+16ZG39\/81qeup0\/WRaemQ8o+4izK6jZ04uv2\/X+HdPcw3d31eK6XR+lHkqT+3Re4qERBtetP3Rfb+67m+2fpHZwvz1rYQ0YAQYrRr\/hEn7Ezx8W8+2tVrfedov3t1uAAq4l4VhcEpP7MUymEL+dLa6nq3nJU9XR8anVDLOrwKtAKCcpw39ByvhmtZYqhpcQhiRvX5Xa\/kIVs9y8yp+dLNwXJIvfLpfd\/GX8Igc7u8rhF7KQcozPTxbxi4oRLSMhLVD3PpsufJ5dZZ9\/oQuhC\/\/Z2cWXJAwt\/SIpqJFzPl3UQhf1L3Qxy+5V+ux00XxJupiv2\/WeWzzaqOfShgBBXqUUfqGNWUqv7GenjfRFhcl6sTH\/3g3DavezaCTE2VUKvxgnshSv3GfXN+ovSCP\/vJi3\/Yu0jeSFKvwvVCFL8fmpQtCRvhhV\/GE1vzXdza1ARa4FH+VnMA+bZlfJpl\/IZJbs51dKmy9pw\/65fd8utz+DOGKuZ1cx\/6KZCqzsF7BkvyRx\/Fs7X5jfLdbti3wcsU4CDPAL25Cl+PxsI31JneP3u8V8MbR37c\/hHHUN4Ihf6GMWmlflc9NH\/oLk8X3bt0O7fRHbCAIOE4r7hSxm4bMTRXJfXCXtpWvn+vrnKKShWCGRX7znAmL0qvnsRPIlY21fbzbt9c8RK0Egv0L+Re0AcYTPTRzlC9LGd6uP3bISg\/ZlUbcgtkr4xVYR0kifX+NovqS\/45t2e\/syO0Ug8q5C\/MULJkvx+e0U+yU5xm8W7961Lwu5hSjMIv7CLAR3\/fMzi\/glmcW\/7Nr5vP3pf72MX4RmdhVC8wthCGF8fo\/Xl+QXv1+t36\/6n6N91kIc9S\/EIUvx+YnjS8bpv2sFFrh\/Gc+oi5BF+YUshCw+e\/6G+5J0ISDNL4m++qbMrnzzC03IUnx+mmi+rH\/8p7+9MGzyC1l8UbL4ktk83y\/6F9JEqWdXvvxiiwg8\/BewRb6sWrFtB6UKbdZ1AWFkP7vy2f9CGEIY\/9Dcv9dal\/QaNWxPiwMP6+qOqvaWq63UMbbbnfQ9+2273t4a+ytbD6Zdzo39VawH85\/ZBM3MV0O7WP6XV+a7rl2azXbdygQqqQs284P6OCnpW3btuttsn4fBaM39evXjR\/NOiq279uZW7pSNWrT9YtPNzU277jAI2cPFTbd5Zf6vXbveLsY6vm7zf5jrddfebYxcinvfLW44gsVGqgpfmW\/b4bpbb037sBh229u2N91\/7Nq+atdd+8p8Ly0HzHW7NrLApiUS\/I10getk1Fqc+ArViU8rEhf3JylxxPvHgv9\/\"><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>How far each division sits from a large city, with the roads and airports that carry patients and supplies.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Indicator derived from Natural Earth at map scale; a screening view, not an assessment.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G04\/topics\/one-health\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Health Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-map-hud\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 Health Nexus \u00b7 field<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-map-hud-right\">DESIGN FIGURE<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-question\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The question<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">One Health: how the risk develops.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Human, animal and ecosystem interdependence. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"2\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M7 20h10\"\/><path d=\"M10 20c5.5-2.5.8-6.4 3-10\"\/><path d=\"M9.5 9.4c1.1.8 1.8 2.2 2.3 3.7-2 .4-3.5.4-4.8-.3-1.2-.6-2.3-1.9-3-4.2 2.8-.5 4.4 0 5.5.8z\"\/><path d=\"M14.1 6a7 7 0 0 0-1.1 4c1.9-.1 3.3-.6 4.3-1.4 1-1 1.6-2.3 1.7-4.6-2.7.1-4 1-4.9 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Spillover at the interface<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Pathogens pass from wildlife or livestock to people where contact is frequent: land conversion, wildlife trade, intensive farming near forest edges and live animal markets. Each spillover is rare; the conditions that multiply contact are not.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"4.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m10.2 6.3-3.9 3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"4.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"M7 12h10\"\/><circle cx=\"19.5\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m13.8 17.7 3.9-3.9\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"19.5\" r=\"2.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Amplification in animals<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Livestock and peri-domestic animals can amplify a pathogen before it reaches people, as with avian influenza in poultry or Rift Valley fever in ruminants after heavy rains. Animal outbreaks often precede human cases, which gives them warning value.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M6 18h8\"\/><path d=\"M3 22h18\"\/><path d=\"M14 22a7 7 0 1 0 0-14h-1\"\/><path d=\"M9 14h2\"\/><path d=\"M9 12a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6h6v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2Z\"\/><path d=\"M12 6V3a1 1 0 0 0-1-1H9a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Resistance moves between sectors<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Antimicrobial use in people, animals and crops selects resistant bacteria and resistance genes, which circulate through food, water, wastewater and soils. Resistance found in one sector cannot be explained or controlled within that sector alone.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M12 2v2\"\/><path d=\"m4.93 4.93 1.41 1.41\"\/><path d=\"M20 12h2\"\/><path d=\"m19.07 4.93-1.41 1.41\"\/><path d=\"M15.947 12.65a4 4 0 0 0-5.925-4.128\"\/><path d=\"M3 20a5 5 0 1 1 8.9-4H13a3 3 0 0 1 2 5.24\"\/><path d=\"M11 20v2\"\/><path d=\"M7 19v2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Ecosystems set the conditions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Temperature, rainfall, land use and biodiversity loss change the range and abundance of vectors and reservoir hosts. A changing climate shifts where diseases such as dengue, malaria and tick-borne infections can establish and persist.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-terms\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Key terms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Terms used on this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each term as this page uses it. Where a standard-setting body defines the term, the wording follows that body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Zoonosis<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">An infectious disease transmitted between animals and people.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Spillover<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">The transmission of a pathogen from an animal host population to people or to another species.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Antimicrobial resistance<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">The ability of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites to survive medicines that once killed or stopped them.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Term\">Quadripartite<\/td><td data-label=\"Definition\">FAO, UNEP, WHO and WOAH acting together on One Health under a joint plan of action.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-indicators\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What is measured, and how well.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each indicator carries its unit, its cadence, the kind of source behind it and the evidence label a value would carry. No values are shown: a programme supplies them under its own authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"register\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Notified animal disease events<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">events per reporting period<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">immediate and six-monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">National veterinary services reporting to WOAH<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OFFICIAL<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Human cases of priority zoonoses<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">notified cases<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">weekly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Notifiable disease surveillance<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Antimicrobial use in animals<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">milligrams of active ingredient per kilogram of animal biomass<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">National reports to WOAH ANIMUSE<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OFFICIAL<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Antimicrobial resistance in priority bacteria<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of tested isolates resistant<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Laboratory surveillance reported to WHO GLASS<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Vector suitability<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">dimensionless index<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Climate-driven ecological niche models<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Forest loss at the human-animal interface<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">square kilometres<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Satellite land-cover change<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Joint multisectoral investigations<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">count of investigations conducted jointly<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">annual<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">One Health coordination mechanism records<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"indicators\" data-nxf-kind=\"indicator\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G04\/topics\/one-health\/#indicators\" data-nxf-title=\"Indicators\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pipeline\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Canvas<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">From sources to decisions.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The topic as a computational graph: named sources feed the methods, an evidence review gates the outputs, and the decisions stay with the authorities that hold them.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-plate\" data-wide=\"true\"><div class=\"nx-plate-label\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Pipeline canvas<\/strong> \u00b7 One Health as a run graph<\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Design, not a record<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-figure-frame\" data-scene=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-figure nx-ui nx-dag\" viewBox=\"0 0 1200 564\" data-nx-dag=\"true\" data-w=\"1200\" data-h=\"564\" role=\"img\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-dag-g04-topics-one-health-ihr-t nx-dag-g04-topics-one-health-ihr-d\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><title id=\"nx-dag-g04-topics-one-health-ihr-t\">One Health: event detection, verification and notification<\/title><desc id=\"nx-dag-g04-topics-one-health-ihr-d\">Indicator-based and event-based signals are triaged and verified; the national focal point assesses the event with the Annex 2 decision instrument and notifies within 24 hours when it qualifies; response and after-action review follow. Design of the process, not a record of a run.<\/desc><\/svg><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-caption\"><strong>Fig. 02<\/strong><span>Nodes carry their type, two metric rows and a state; connectors show what feeds what; dashed frames name the owners; the timeline is the cadence. Design of the pipeline, not a record of a run.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-sources\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where the evidence comes from.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Named public datasets and institutional records, each with its licence class. Sources by agreement are used only under their terms and never republished.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"register\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it gives<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">WOAH World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Official notifications of animal disease events and six-monthly status reports<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public, WOAH terms of use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">FAO EMPRES Global Animal Disease Information System (EMPRES-i)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Animal disease events, zoonoses included, compiled from official and other sources<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public, FAO terms of use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">WHO Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">National resistance and use data in human health<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Open, attribution, WHO terms of use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">WOAH ANIMUSE<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Antimicrobial use in animals reported by national authorities<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public summaries, WOAH terms of use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Occurrence records for reservoir hosts and vectors<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Open, licence per record (CC0, CC BY or CC BY-NC)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Hansen Global Forest Change<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Annual forest loss and gain mapped from Landsat<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and open, attribution (CC BY 4.0)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">INSDC sequence archives (GenBank, ENA, DDBJ)<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Pathogen genomes from human, animal and environmental samples<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free and unrestricted access<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G04\/topics\/one-health\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Sources\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-decisions\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Decisions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who decides, and what the evidence serves.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Health Nexus prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Who decides<\/th><th scope=\"col\">The question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence this page serves<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">National One Health coordination mechanisms<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Which zoonoses to prioritise, and how ministries share surveillance and response<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Joint risk assessments with each sector's evidence labelled; prioritisation inputs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Chief veterinary officers and veterinary services<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">When an animal outbreak warrants control measures with human health implications<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Animal event reports beside human surveillance and sequence relatedness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Ministries of health and agriculture<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Where to restrict or steward antimicrobial use across human and animal sectors<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Resistance and use data compared across sectors, with comparability stated<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Environment and wildlife authorities<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Which land-use and wildlife trade practices raise spillover risk<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Interface maps and host occurrence evidence, with sampling gaps shown<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-4\">Outputs this topic produces<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Joint risk assessments that combine human, animal and environmental evidence<\/li><li>Spillover interface maps by land use, livestock density and host range<\/li><li>Antimicrobial resistance and use evidence linked across sectors<\/li><li>One Health evidence packs for multisectoral coordination mechanisms<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Core questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What experts ask.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The central questions concern spillover, resistance and coordination.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Where and under what conditions do pathogens move between animals and people?<\/li><li>How do land-use change, farming practices and wildlife trade alter spillover risk?<\/li><li>How does antimicrobial use in human medicine, livestock and aquaculture drive resistance?<\/li><li>Can surveillance in animals and the environment give earlier warning than human case reports?<\/li><li>Which institutions must share data and decisions for a One Health approach to work?<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-mechanisms\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanisms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Mechanisms and drivers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Many emerging infectious diseases in people originate in animals. Spillover depends on contact between species, which is shaped by habitat loss, agricultural expansion, livestock density and the handling and trade of animals. Once a pathogen reaches people, its spread depends on transmissibility, population mobility and the response.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Antimicrobial resistance follows a different but connected mechanism: every use of an antimicrobial selects for resistant organisms, and resistance genes move between bacteria and between humans, animals and the environment through water, soil, food and waste. The result is a slow-moving threat to the effectiveness of routine medicine.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How it is studied, and where the methods stop.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Method or data<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it shows<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Limits<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Method or data\">Integrated surveillance across human, animal and environmental sectors<\/td><td data-label=\"What it shows\">Earlier and broader detection of shared threats<\/td><td data-label=\"Limits\">Sectors use different systems, definitions and reporting incentives<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Method or data\">Wastewater and environmental sampling<\/td><td data-label=\"What it shows\">Community-level signals of pathogens and resistance<\/td><td data-label=\"Limits\">Signals need careful interpretation and do not identify cases<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Method or data\">Genomic sequencing<\/td><td data-label=\"What it shows\">Pathogen origins, relatedness and resistance genes<\/td><td data-label=\"Limits\">Sampling is uneven across regions and species<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Method or data\">Ecological and land-use modelling<\/td><td data-label=\"What it shows\">Where conditions favour spillover<\/td><td data-label=\"Limits\">Identifies risk, not events; validation is difficult<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How it is studied, and what the methods cannot say.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-methods\" data-limits=\"true\"><ol class=\"nx-mledger\" aria-label=\"Methods\"><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/stem\/epidemiology\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Epidemiology and public health science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Surveillance design and evaluation \u00b7 Nowcasting under reporting delay<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/epidemiology\/\" aria-label=\"Epidemiology and public health science: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/stem\/life-sciences\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Molecular and life sciences<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Genomic surveillance of pathogens \u00b7 Cross-species linkage in One Health<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/life-sciences\/\" aria-label=\"Molecular and life sciences: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/stem\/complex-systems\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Complex systems and agent-based modelling<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Contact and mobility networks \u00b7 Cascades across health and infrastructure<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/complex-systems\/\" aria-label=\"Complex systems and agent-based modelling: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/stem\/data-engineering\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Data engineering, interoperability and stewardship<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Linking health information systems \u00b7 Privacy-preserving publication<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/data-engineering\/\" aria-label=\"Data engineering, interoperability and stewardship: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/stem\/probability-statistics\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Probability and statistics<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Survey-weighted and small-area estimation \u00b7 Expected baselines for excess mortality<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/probability-statistics\/\" aria-label=\"Probability and statistics: canonical page on the STEM Commons\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-limits\" aria-label=\"What the methods cannot say\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the methods cannot say<\/span><p class=\"nx-limits-text\">Animal and wildlife surveillance is far thinner than human surveillance, and an absence of reports often reflects an absence of looking. Antimicrobial use and resistance are measured with different methods in each sector, which limits direct comparison. Spillover maps show the conditions for contact, not where the next event will happen. Sequence repositories over-represent well-funded laboratories. Health Nexus does not declare disease status or set control measures; veterinary, health and environmental authorities do under their own mandates.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-14-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connected<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page leads across the Consortium.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biotechnology-biosecurity\/topics\/one-health-impacts\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Related topic<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">One health impacts<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Public health and bioengineering share One Health evidence, but differ in mandate.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-15-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-15\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>What is One Health?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">An integrated approach that recognises that the health of people, domestic and wild animals, plants and the wider environment are closely linked and interdependent, and that brings several sectors to work together. The Quadripartite organisations share this definition.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can spillover be predicted?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Not as individual events. Evidence can identify the conditions and places where contact between people, livestock and wildlife is frequent, which helps authorities target surveillance and prevention.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why link antimicrobial resistance across sectors?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Because resistant bacteria and resistance genes move through food, water and the environment. Measures in human medicine alone cannot control resistance that is being selected in animals and crops.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is One Health only about pandemics?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. It also covers antimicrobial resistance, foodborne illness, neglected zoonoses, vector-borne disease and environmental contamination, many of which cause steady harm rather than sudden crises.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why is coordination so difficult?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Human, animal and environmental health are usually run by different ministries with separate budgets, legal powers and data systems. One Health asks them to share information and act together without merging their mandates.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does Health Nexus collect field samples?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. It works with published and governed data from competent laboratories and agencies, recorded in the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/research\/sources\/\">source and data register<\/a>.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-rel-16\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Related<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-rel-16\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Around Health Nexus.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Related\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/health-system-continuity\/\">Health system continuity <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/infectious-threats\/\">Infectious threats <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/health-equity\/\">Health equity <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/environmental-health\/\">Environmental health <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/health-supply-chains\/\">Health supply chains <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/digital-health-risk\/\">Digital health risk <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/\">Health Nexus home <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/counterparts\/\">Counterparts across the Consortium <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/\">The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation home <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/trust\/\">GCRI governance and trust <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-17\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Health Nexus<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-17\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring your expertise to this field.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The current service level is R0: information and enquiries. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"mailto:contact@therisk.global?subject=Health%20Nexus%3A%20One%20Health\">Write to the team <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/one-health\/#faq\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/one-health\/#webpage\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is One Health?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"An integrated approach that recognises that the health of people, domestic and wild animals, plants and the wider environment are closely linked and interdependent, and that brings several sectors to work together. The Quadripartite organisations share this definition.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Can spillover be predicted?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Not as individual events. Evidence can identify the conditions and places where contact between people, livestock and wildlife is frequent, which helps authorities target surveillance and prevention.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Why link antimicrobial resistance across sectors?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Because resistant bacteria and resistance genes move through food, water and the environment. 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