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F5\/s9XCNR1uN\/AxTKs3WvWkdlU7cCiV5Zv5L+e+Iz8kNRstXuIBMKEoNJuW9iBEaiBD7GUrJUA8K54DZlvngEyrwjEkdxY4yR02YTXK5RtRVWEND6RpPmTI+ZAi50O\/cgcSQq4Bw6BQKsFvYE+WbGhpDJOInEljC5g7DH0mjmkzwx5b0QnTmsAs0b9QQYMnwLRFrUoOPbPsfIPzwCkoA6uJ7T8lig+dB0LIiZjRQ3YWOEmJn8WbklDLKd42uTG6\/2PkqThEnuDVQjspPSXyIyCIZ6WHPcxpkjF0PaaaB2cpqGcvpG0b3Gv212tvY2leAhYhsyjMeAgniT1C0rUaJms1Klur4UvWaoRXY8GoRwJNRgXuxaxB4k23GhVQO\/2mo2Z64Omq550LDa\/ghTvUDo\/HqZqTm3mYEQyHMWUfuLY43brM4MYVY+L6QrFEkDAdzsg477r3V6bf\/otKLrzB+gkMQEXuPULGOfR2h9oYUHkXn8YrgJTrT7OdwqmE2hinE2MgElIEgK\/XmxOSKk1P9GSWYi44bewjaZof1cY+isY+po3Neh+Fg+k5FQ1GcBTWtG3V23r9W7OJfzZ+40t4ctwEXUYRimJMrq+d6OnwzmlxfLiOwLjM+72Vp\/tnz6CKsOsOtdvOXjfZ6F31YHuht9408zqVz7JKuvq3QkN5oXEL0bPG+qcXGOtnmWAJqHGyR8gsAfqJRIdZ72TbXP8EopEd+L5QOnzO9GVFA33rMLXQZz9BP\/eUmuEZTpV0clYR\/T6lMTvx3QmnKBeRNcmUgKVftc9S\/fAZdFOZjy0\/06ePyaEj2nE+Gnvq0cgiTdM6ihKoWACVqGf1K07+Yw+p3VMtwitfS4\/2BduSEAYjw6aex0VvU8iDzIiCeZyOYUGa5uIoTMawkCsT9hZ9XjXueX28yj2Wcdox6PY916d8iLmjnyUq5g6A8l1v\/GxjUWUBaAGVSzph4AJKBTMaKdtEIi+AqsCyoi2WxRyFUYGCSrOwEDO2e+Myuev\/f9CTnJdHLTim+EJZ\/FhpPXfcGcLmY4VujblhJhoVC3H7IFhrAg\/KQQFJHzmhmOYs348KaWF8UzzmD9WofBC2FTnQCY0mUp3lk14PibEJv169VFnGbIT7elqSQTGlQ+WTU9WCg3A\/4\/GUNE2aHbhp4mbi92i\/1+orXKmgdCt6P4aWDzZHxfGWN9HsmzlFG5ENm485QEZiRa3n2rdUx1450yGSW\/6Zunl9h1YOnUd51K1XfI+EEOVE1pChDqp9XZz+u8af9Jrr1+gipBGrgUstnaM2kqsbVo5tgLAZ5gZW3m8M3ipVX+qo9nV62Prt36iN3tPFNK51meU7VuTEyQfTysHbw4UXIS6siKVgvmDLgmhOK5XkgvCxnd+HXP4YssaC\/4GdP6w\/SpHgL65hXwhNe+NXvBqS5CFXpPGrNO6Npcq9sQANfP1XaC55l7YqBI16683xtiCDV9AIWAJ5C418ncavm0cp1sBgMynrV30o5BYz+c6CkIyEKJOxKW4t1YXrGFjQ\/84Y+mMFp+OEASCfw4iylYieWQmL+I2Ij7veeiU3CG1EHFCtN5zkFgAfZYDPKhcg33pVCRKrBCReASR\/a0AhFXqafbqiOR+UMlSXWirhOytgUL5LPTqjnnSyxUYcei7T0BolgNky0IlK3ONKrXLwNa4fZEIL2D69IyshlV5yGAqJxWUD0U1DOoL1mqA4lHanBXk\/nQxopIVAU9OdssunJDn4gzsJlb4kcgd1xip6GCxyJxpu0+RcO6yjdg3Vtai36K\/XiAOjhuoLnBx2kbIiNznzTGYOLeg\/mBv29VovBVS5SbTGXR5AX1t21OHsNI13o17b12Ea7dLV4IU30lvDr9L99pTlls42ihMSH81Wd1fC\/Ua0\/ZNUkFWLHLBL\/6kJGVTu0ISEoa1CTThw+HuE\/IRXPxHfZFTzE0vLRo5LTB\/WKHXdlVNUaAmlGuUIoUPfQAY+p7++YBFM8YxApRyoZM9\/a1U1tzWWwuWKpdq72LZC0OwpTVW0tS1A\/i\/hm0LVVLR09CUtZ0iP8u5tCtgTx7YqIsyXpQqzdUmaJc09ONQjybfwLlAFU4b0vxWh06e7bS0AIY+OqO\/UjmsgB8kd09drFZ9YQmhouQlp6FLPkVstERvX62zXSbjkvdgsLaGDLyPsY0IrT5KS\/OS1VEfjEh1V5isAhsCp5wG718bbiqqd9D\/VsC\/qqIHqEch\/De7uArosaKxEwHfcSeZnyU\/QvGQ504fCyuER9FfdTCTvpjawbqkGyQOiyj+WmKfCiMYxWKcSEHSkKwmvUAYFLt\/KQhHGqTVrkw1QMEI\/xwj97eOxPEkNpoxBEIrJi6TmsKZZUiU\/Zl6gjJEgvGVr42WfV94u8CrUFgVTyaay+jatW\/C1WGSWCkYjtF6nL2oIrxbbJoqSTlWTaZi2Wz5dgdGwK8q+0yiyXL8RDIdiX45xpbtIrmziWVIWD6CUy\/yFczvOz+04jqDDfuX4\/e2Nkl\/scXFJE2lFyvqLCmw1owxbCSGjDvdoleLWCIxD5ZqSxFJpiSLpUtzlKKoiZ5mJLMK9tLWD3len3\/vq6Eb\/54OC5JHwBjj9CpFTjifKIkZ0ES4iaqYOpRbOteERLUoESwPhXqsv6JOEvJA+o8wbREdgxpFW5gXxpU2mqVNRJhE9kw\/ydT3RxCUiZp56j7QLAZFbcmGw4MJdUH6CBDEXr27JbTarr6dah2hfndUvG1zXOntfHYxhonrmRHKbwboLDcMRkCT0eUgupCo4VR+3dO2iMcQHoHLmw\/tMWg3+NQzmWqtxq\/8COiP1wLSojzTr58+4PoYx3h61AKhl6s2u3AP56j6gXkVxHrxa7usm2FMYBTaNY9cfSR77GLqx+MUiy6biJ+ei4ueEssi1RWUbgnX76XvwFxJO\/Z0dmmnVwS2iL1BQs0xBXeaGx0+rPX9bP51TBQlHPSk5maVExM1iDWAWpcSLzxgIxB14U28iqoSsUe6OzMYRjceB57SNw9dKFNoSHN2W7MhNR7\/kHqERTXXgLust2VYw2glUPFErnojoKtY7Yf1nJqKooU+fkb3yxj9JPp7xdRHU4iX2Vu4Ss9vPFCeKVWFwW4GE04Z6ukSNtrWpcpUR1Cc9hITE7zX7UtH+PnCoalJ+EuOekSe1ADfoC9dioV+YyTMJfwJDvvh4ndMjNHX1ff2p0n2bKydmuz8fvlLXawwDdYfaEyEkdVXbeOSJb7EnvArVETVTdjcjTXOWGaxnqbF+Bshiy2CGJ7zibwDIZYxOcv9sR6j1q8K8i3UWWtpHwr3TPrcYfq7bQn\/VIfJJeTUfjXSw\/zOjG0+kaT5lMHlKYfKkwuRPvBprfypWLAHOdLEhRENv4vrhK\/1EJONJ3e8UJV09751\/TF4WMXC409tCmES5w0UCkx2BAtz16ojM8OokVyc1sV13Ph5tj\/xn401CnAv1NmPtRHq8y2OKwhQFCR7BaYXbHHZa6JSje9oUnN03mxET+767w2FXQAzp3WLYx\/NG2C5+UXjzRTVD6qrEvdfUW32FvN+SpnmbLdotLNpFStlp7zZbuJJTat7nfL1WywuSJwd+x2eTH\/JnPuT8F4Di54yxlPTJz69MoYB405VRDRYtFRiYNfBoqtCaWCxyF+rJ9hwY1Tk7slIonHNGdU81i\/bOgbPx8+IucaTEL9WDZj121E35n8ekb2qX9TwmvFPlTxGZ9pLxg2NanDC6CyGHQBQI30FX3VsppeNUJm01FYcoGNMDOwqyXcqSbXrGSEB7D6xfNoRICk5cc6POMoYWY3Z0ls4yTlt0KTljvZiVnoBFU0JkcWnHpUcXacCMrKUqsKXzIa0Mf9gRoZeM9RHG+siOvHT2j3ysp1TzaO8xWYYpI8gH845BJwPqgPfvhKKMctxmsRjlAczJmGhjHIDfs+6r8ogwBbKcKVCa9Xu0r2R8Wa\/hRWp9L90KQvTwpeQBvgvtSPcXlIsc2yHwMZelcpH4W8S95JTKAaCzxGHUB79oPhUwveofYEbw+OkHI3TtwAuiRmxD8+2aY0WPONEDcicfRkRAVAb6KR9\/4lgGigBeoPOp8ymJ6u0gaAi1kcedL9O\/SiDbd+45fQ0WHy6UMSxalBbiqYyurAKRWRVMIuHk48oSE2FyFnI6zx4ymDrOcoGSEVAl2EYIDxoP4eRz6oi5iFba\/J34jXP1LMfJVcrKtdUG5GGhZGsO5ECFY3\/pXJIiMFk15BtigYSWIh0Azn0sjFPOv8HHKOCHTc7tq2pJqJRVVF1n+BJzdJerCrt2pzkeLOawqXbuAGkP42Vht1UQI16+wYLRyKO1VDO3wy2He+XsVCxCgZK1EgsFrvlbih2O5vm0G8+5lQPVa8vJrhzKLNdri5RRbLNJHca9ZP\/\/IU4u0MUfRHGk9LosiKwRR64rRifaNKUdDK9ELRAO\/oAdIPZnh\/8WGMt\/ilBONY7yj+ycdFkepa2CXXLIq1zyp3v+qTsO5r7wVkx113tXDK+KruAyaFg4g++i9ZKSzV0gQZFeM2xv0Nh6KVFWvOErp9eM0JVIDM\/yG8I5S03i9AdOlVEAng9L8L2JQ88C52Ofp0lA7iQMImbxQ4VgZA6tzLDBV5qLbTRK2OU4TdWRQuWy46RM+TLnoHP5o2MyL9Nl37vs7F2xzp5D83GyPK1WRQD+mEZB7ZhrbKTjMWhtIF1CmVhqU5\/u\/tpwwV+2skxkTXiXoJOoKEOLg+HRywyvblhZriY1LZO+f+S4sxonasK\/RkXcGrdPo1EUTENU42TAswaQnuQkDKkVWb5Na8FQBA2F1oii4yNBY2qAtSQxBdRSApFssppKU4gkFMfX8O3o64Go9nxbfJOWN\/XWih5\/oCW+x8tb6vL0NkpbXw8cd3a8D3h0w57f\/Pzwcdm5YhXomy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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n9kvzxqj.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"gcri\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> \u00b7 Health Nexus<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Causal inference for public health<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Causal inference asks whether an intervention or exposure actually changed health outcomes, compared with what would otherwise have happened. In this field it evaluates public health measures, service investments and environmental exposures where randomisation is often impossible, and states the assumptions each estimate rests on.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/stem\/\">Back to STEM foundation of Health Nexus<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Register<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Causal inference for public health on the record.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"workbench\"><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Method record<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">STEM method<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Method<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Causal inference and impact evaluation<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Steward<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/\">Economic Development<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Applied in<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Health Nexus<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Data<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"#nx-sec-data\">4 inputs<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Checks<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"#nx-sec-checks\">3 validation steps<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Canonical page<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/causal-inference\/\">STEM Commons<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-application\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Application<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What causal inference and impact evaluation does here.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Causal inference and impact evaluation develop methods to determine whether and how interventions or exposures cause outcomes. They separate genuine effects from correlation. In health and biosecurity, causal inference shows which <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk reduction<\/a> measures actually work. It supports allocating resources toward interventions with demonstrated effect across connected risks. The canonical description is on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/causal-inference\/\">the STEM Commons<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cols\"><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"6\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Evaluating public health measures<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Difference-in-differences and synthetic control designs compare places that adopted a measure with comparable places that did not, and trends before adoption are examined before any effect is reported.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M12 2v2\"\/><path d=\"m4.93 4.93 1.41 1.41\"\/><path d=\"M20 12h2\"\/><path d=\"m19.07 4.93-1.41 1.41\"\/><path d=\"M15.947 12.65a4 4 0 0 0-5.925-4.128\"\/><path d=\"M3 20a5 5 0 1 1 8.9-4H13a3 3 0 0 1 2 5.24\"\/><path d=\"M11 20v2\"\/><path d=\"M7 19v2\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Exposure-response for heat and air<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Time-series and case-crossover designs relate daily exposure to outcomes in the same population, controlling for season and trend, to estimate lagged exposure-response functions.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M16 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M22 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87\"\/><path d=\"M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Impact of access investments<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">New facilities, fee removals or outreach programmes are evaluated with stepped rollout, regression discontinuity or matching, so the effect on use and outcomes is separated from background change.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-3-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Monitor<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Impact evaluation.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The screen a team would use to follow this method: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-health-method-causal\" data-cx=\"health.method-causal\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Impact evaluation: illustrative console with example names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Impact evaluation<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">Health \u00b7 Causal inference for public health \u00b7 Run R-9605<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure&#8217;s values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"info\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Parallel trends hold<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GCRI \u00b7 Health Nexus<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"4\" data-t=\"chart\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Event study<\/h4><\/div><\/div><svg class=\"nx-fk-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 460 210\" width=\"460\" height=\"210\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Event study\" focusable=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" data-fk-chart=\"cx-health-method-causal-c0\" data-fk-xs=\"lin,0,23,36,446\" data-fk-ys=\"lin,0,100,180,20\" data-fk-series=\"Treated minus control|ink|l||0:41.9;1:40.7;2:38.6;3:40;4:35.9;5:32.9;6:31.6;7:34.8;8:38.8;9:44.1;10:47.5;11:47.4;12:49.4;13:50;14:54.8;15:56.6;16:51.3;17:46.4;18:49;19:53.2;20:51.4;21:56;22:50.6;23:54~Placebo|acc|l||0:43.2;1:43.4;2:41.4;3:38;4:38.8;5:38.4;6:38.6;7:37.7;8:41.1;9:37.3;10:39.8;11:37.8;12:34.3;13:31.4;14:29.4;15:33.1;16:36.4;17:38.4;18:38;19:40.3;20:37.5;21:34.9;22:31.1;23:30.6\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"2\" data-t=\"kv\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Method card<\/h4><\/div><\/div><dl class=\"nx-fk-dl\"><div><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>Causal inference and impact evaluation<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Design<\/dt><dd>difference in differences<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Units<\/dt><dd>86<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Label<\/dt><dd><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"info\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>MODELLED<\/span><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Robustness checks<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-health-method-causal-t2\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-health-method-causal-t2\" aria-label=\"Robustness checks\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Check<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Estimate<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">Holds<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-health-method-causal:r2-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Main specification<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.06\">0.06<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Yes<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-health-method-causal:r2-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Drop early adopters<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.1\">0.10<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Yes<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-health-method-causal:r2-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Synthetic control<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.11\">0.11<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Yes<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Impact evaluation: the screen&#8217;s structure, terms and states for Health.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-data\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What the method consumes.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Datasets and records used by causal inference and impact evaluation on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/research\/sources\/\">the source register<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Data<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Routine health information <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Outcomes before and after interventions<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Policy and measure trackers<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Timing and stringency of interventions<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">DECLARED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Daily mortality and admissions<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Outcome series for exposure studies<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Reanalysis and air quality fields<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Exposure series<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">MODELLED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"data\" data-nxf-kind=\"data\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G04\/stem\/causal-inference\/#data\" data-nxf-title=\"Method record\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G04\/stem\/causal-inference\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-signature\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sector signature<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The sector signature of causal inference for public health.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The sectors causal inference for public health touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig\" data-nx-sig=\"WIFH\" data-sig-name=\"Health and its partners\" data-sig-line=\"Health gives workforce for operations to infrastructure (0.3), farm labour to food (0.3) and utility workforce to water (0.2).\" data-sig-inst=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-plate\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Signatures in context\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span>Select corners \u00b7 hover lines<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">6 \/ 15 relations<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sector signature hexagon: Water, Infrastructure, Food and Health selected, 6 of 15 relations in play, coupling 0.42. Teaching values.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Signature<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Health and its partners<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Health gives workforce for operations to infrastructure (0.3), farm labour to food (0.3) and utility workforce to water (0.2).<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>W<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">E<\/span> \u00b7 <span>I<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>H<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">B<\/span><\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Sectors<\/dt><dd><strong>4<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Relations<\/dt><dd><strong>6<\/strong> <small>of 15<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coupling<\/dt><dd><strong>0.42<\/strong> <small>share of total<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><h3 class=\"nx-nsig-dh\">Strongest relations in play<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-nsig-rel\"><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Food<\/b> \u00b7 irrigation<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.8<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Food \u2192 Health<\/b> \u00b7 nutrition<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"7\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.7<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Infrastructure \u2192 Water<\/b> \u00b7 pipes, dams and treatment works<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"6\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.6<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Health<\/b> \u00b7 drinking water and sanitation<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"7\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.7<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"all\">Select all<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-sig-act=\"copy\">Copy signature<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements for any place. Coupling is the summed strength of the relations in play, as a share of all fifteen.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-checks\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Validation<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How results are checked.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Identification assumptions are probed through placebo tests, falsification checks and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 sensitivity-analysis\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Testing how much a model's outputs change when inputs or assumptions change, to identify which drive results.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">sensitivity analysis<\/a>. Replication across settings tests external validity.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Check<\/th><th scope=\"col\">How it is done<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Pre-trend and placebo tests<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Effects are tested in periods and places where none should exist<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Sensitivity to unmeasured confounding<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Bounds or E-values state how strong hidden confounding would need to be to explain the result<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Replication across settings<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Effects are compared across countries or periods before they are generalised<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Unobserved confounding and spillovers can bias estimates. Effects found in one context may not transfer to another.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and evidence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How causal inference for public health is modelled, measured and tested.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"science\" data-au-n=\"1\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"uncertainty-band\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Uncertainty bands<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">How far the outlook for causal inference for public health could spread, shown as ranges rather than a single line.<\/p><div class=\"nx-au-fig\"><svg class=\"nx-au-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 560 240\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Central estimate with likely and very likely ranges for Causal inference for public health\" focusable=\"false\"><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"46\" y1=\"206\" x2=\"544\" y2=\"206\"\/><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"46\" y1=\"18\" x2=\"46\" y2=\"206\"\/><path class=\"nx-au-band nx-au-band-w\" d=\"M46 142.1l83-18.8 83-18.8 83-22.6 83-20.7 83-18.8 83-18.8 0 124.1-83 0-83 0-83 1.9-83 3.8-83 0-83 3.7z\"\/><path class=\"nx-au-band\" d=\"M46 145.8l83-15 83-13.2 83-16.9 83-15 83-13.2 83-13.1 0 52.6-83 5.6-83 5.7-83 7.5-83 9.4-83 5.6-83 7.6z\"\/><path class=\"nx-au-ac\" d=\"M46 149.6l83-11.3 83-9.4 83-13.1 83-11.3 83-9.4 83-9.4\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"46\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Now<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"129\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+5<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"212\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+10<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"295\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+15<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"378\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+20<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"461\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+25<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"544\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+30 y<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"40\" y=\"36.8\" text-anchor=\"end\">high<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"40\" y=\"187.2\" text-anchor=\"end\">low<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"540\" y=\"17.64\" text-anchor=\"end\">very likely range<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"540\" y=\"73.36\" text-anchor=\"end\">likely range<\/text><\/svg><\/div><dl class=\"nx-au-kv\"><div><dt>Central estimate<\/dt><dd>median of the ensemble<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Ranges<\/dt><dd>likely and very likely, in IPCC calibrated language<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Ensemble<\/dt><dd>members, scenarios and initial conditions stated<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Read with<\/dt><dd>the sensitivity of the result to each input<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Illustrative ensemble spread on an index scale; the form follows IPCC uncertainty guidance. Not a projection.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">FAIR guiding principles \u00b7 GO FAIR and FORCE11<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">W3C PROV \u00b7 World Wide Web Consortium<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Guidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties \u00b7 IPCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">CEOS Analysis Ready Data \u00b7 Committee on Earth Observation Satellites<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-connections\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connections<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Topics that rely on this method.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/health-system-continuity\/\"><span>Health system continuity<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/infectious-threats\/\"><span>Infectious threats<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/health-equity\/\"><span>Health equity<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/environmental-health\/\"><span>Environmental health<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/digital-health-risk\/\"><span>Digital health risk<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-9-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Process<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How the process runs.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-pe\" id=\"nx-pe-prisma\" data-nx-pe=\"nx-pe-prisma\" data-active=\"prisma\"><div class=\"nx-pe-shell\"><p class=\"nx-pe-eb\">Process<\/p><h2 class=\"nx-pe-title\">Causal inference for public health: PRISMA 2020 review reporting<\/h2><p class=\"nx-pe-cap\">PRISMA 2020 is a reporting guideline for systematic reviews; the steps follow its checklist, not a mandated sequence, and no Nexus document adopts it.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pe-steps\"><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">01 Plan<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Registration and protocol<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 The review team<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The guideline asks for registration details, access to the protocol and any amendments.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Eligibility criteria<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 The review team<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The guideline asks for the inclusion and exclusion criteria and how studies were grouped.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">02 Find and select<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Search: sources and strategies<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 The review team<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The guideline asks for the information sources and the full search strategies. It does not fix which sources are used.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Selection of studies<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 The review team<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The guideline asks how studies were judged eligible, including how many reviewers screened. It does not fix the number of reviewers.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Flow diagram<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The flow diagram shows the number of records found, the number of studies included and the reasons for exclusion.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">03 Analyse<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Data collection<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 The review team<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The guideline asks how data were collected from reports and which data items were sought.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Risk of bias<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 The review team<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The guideline asks for the methods and tools used to assess risk of bias.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Synthesis<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Model \u00b7 The review team<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The guideline asks for the effect measures and the synthesis methods. It does not prescribe meta-analysis.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Certainty of evidence<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 The review team<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The guideline asks for the methods used to assess certainty, and reports the result per outcome. It does not name a grading scale.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">04 Report<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Review report<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The guideline helps authors report why the review was done, what they did and what they found.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-pe-foot\"><span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\" rel=\"noopener\">Reports<\/a><\/span><span>Outline of an externally published reporting guideline, not a Nexus process and not a record of operation. PRISMA 2020 mainly covers reviews of intervention effects. No Nexus page names it. Every programme is at service level R0.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-stewardship\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Stewardship<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who maintains the method.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/\">Economic Development<\/a> stewards causal inference and impact evaluation for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/causal-inference\/\">Canonical page: Causal inference and impact evaluation<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-11-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connected<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page leads across the Consortium.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/economic-development\/stem\/causal-inference\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Steward platform<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Impact evaluation<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Economic Development stewards this method.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-12-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>What are the limits of causal inference and impact evaluation in this field?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Unobserved confounding and spillovers can bias estimates. Effects found in one context may not transfer to another.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How are results checked?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Identification assumptions are probed through placebo tests, falsification checks and sensitivity analysis. Replication across settings tests external validity.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Are the values on this page real?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. The canvas shows a design of the method&#8217;s use, not a run; no result is reported here.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Where else is this method applied?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/causal-inference\/\">canonical method page<\/a> lists every platform that applies it.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Health Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Sector Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Evidence Brief<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/health-nexus\/stem\/causal-inference#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-herisk-global-health-nexus-stem-causal-inference-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-herisk-global-health-nexus-stem-causal-inference-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-herisk-global-health-nexus-stem-causal-inference-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/sectors\/health#what-health-gives\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Health<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/health-society\/health-systems\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Health systems and health care resilience<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/health-risk-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Health risk standards<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-13\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Health Nexus<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring a method, a dataset or a question.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/write-to-us\/research-collaboration\/\">Propose a method <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-legal-14\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Legal<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-legal-14\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Legal documents.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Legal documents\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/terms\/\">Platform Terms of Use <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/privacy\/\">Platform Privacy Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/cookies\/\">Platform Cookie and Storage Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/legal-notice\/\">Legal Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/acceptable-use\/\">Acceptable Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/participation-terms\/\">Participation and Events Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/contribution-terms\/\">Contribution Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/research-and-data-terms\/\">Research and Data Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/ai-use\/\">AI-use Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/intellectual-property\/\">Intellectual Property and Licensing <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/trademark-policy\/\">Trademark and Name Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/disclaimer\/\">Disclaimers and Data Notices <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/corrections\/\">Corrections and Right of Reply Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/complaints-and-integrity\/\">Complaints and integrity reporting <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/security\/\">Security and responsible disclosure <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/code-of-conduct\/\">Code of Conduct <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/trust\/accessibility\/\">Accessibility Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/third-party-notices\/\">Third-party notices and attributions <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Maps, data and figures on this site are shown for context and general information. 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