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F5\/s9XCNR1uN\/AxTKs3WvWkdlU7cCiV5Zv5L+e+Iz8kNRstXuIBMKEoNJuW9iBEaiBD7GUrJUA8K54DZlvngEyrwjEkdxY4yR02YTXK5RtRVWEND6RpPmTI+ZAi50O\/cgcSQq4Bw6BQKsFvYE+WbGhpDJOInEljC5g7DH0mjmkzwx5b0QnTmsAs0b9QQYMnwLRFrUoOPbPsfIPzwCkoA6uJ7T8lig+dB0LIiZjRQ3YWOEmJn8WbklDLKd42uTG6\/2PkqThEnuDVQjspPSXyIyCIZ6WHPcxpkjF0PaaaB2cpqGcvpG0b3Gv212tvY2leAhYhsyjMeAgniT1C0rUaJms1Klur4UvWaoRXY8GoRwJNRgXuxaxB4k23GhVQO\/2mo2Z64Omq550LDa\/ghTvUDo\/HqZqTm3mYEQyHMWUfuLY43brM4MYVY+L6QrFEkDAdzsg477r3V6bf\/otKLrzB+gkMQEXuPULGOfR2h9oYUHkXn8YrgJTrT7OdwqmE2hinE2MgElIEgK\/XmxOSKk1P9GSWYi44bewjaZof1cY+isY+po3Neh+Fg+k5FQ1GcBTWtG3V23r9W7OJfzZ+40t4ctwEXUYRimJMrq+d6OnwzmlxfLiOwLjM+72Vp\/tnz6CKsOsOtdvOXjfZ6F31YHuht9408zqVz7JKuvq3QkN5oXEL0bPG+qcXGOtnmWAJqHGyR8gsAfqJRIdZ72TbXP8EopEd+L5QOnzO9GVFA33rMLXQZz9BP\/eUmuEZTpV0clYR\/T6lMTvx3QmnKBeRNcmUgKVftc9S\/fAZdFOZjy0\/06ePyaEj2nE+Gnvq0cgiTdM6ihKoWACVqGf1K07+Yw+p3VMtwitfS4\/2BduSEAYjw6aex0VvU8iDzIiCeZyOYUGa5uIoTMawkCsT9hZ9XjXueX28yj2Wcdox6PY916d8iLmjnyUq5g6A8l1v\/GxjUWUBaAGVSzph4AJKBTMaKdtEIi+AqsCyoi2WxRyFUYGCSrOwEDO2e+Myuev\/f9CTnJdHLTim+EJZ\/FhpPXfcGcLmY4VujblhJhoVC3H7IFhrAg\/KQQFJHzmhmOYs348KaWF8UzzmD9WofBC2FTnQCY0mUp3lk14PibEJv169VFnGbIT7elqSQTGlQ+WTU9WCg3A\/4\/GUNE2aHbhp4mbi92i\/1+orXKmgdCt6P4aWDzZHxfGWN9HsmzlFG5ENm485QEZiRa3n2rdUx1450yGSW\/6Zunl9h1YOnUd51K1XfI+EEOVE1pChDqp9XZz+u8af9Jrr1+gipBGrgUstnaM2kqsbVo5tgLAZ5gZW3m8M3ipVX+qo9nV62Prt36iN3tPFNK51meU7VuTEyQfTysHbw4UXIS6siKVgvmDLgmhOK5XkgvCxnd+HXP4YssaC\/4GdP6w\/SpHgL65hXwhNe+NXvBqS5CFXpPGrNO6Npcq9sQANfP1XaC55l7YqBI16683xtiCDV9AIWAJ5C418ncavm0cp1sBgMynrV30o5BYz+c6CkIyEKJOxKW4t1YXrGFjQ\/84Y+mMFp+OEASCfw4iylYieWQmL+I2Ij7veeiU3CG1EHFCtN5zkFgAfZYDPKhcg33pVCRKrBCReASR\/a0AhFXqafbqiOR+UMlSXWirhOytgUL5LPTqjnnSyxUYcei7T0BolgNky0IlK3ONKrXLwNa4fZEIL2D69IyshlV5yGAqJxWUD0U1DOoL1mqA4lHanBXk\/nQxopIVAU9OdssunJDn4gzsJlb4kcgd1xip6GCxyJxpu0+RcO6yjdg3Vtai36K\/XiAOjhuoLnBx2kbIiNznzTGYOLeg\/mBv29VovBVS5SbTGXR5AX1t21OHsNI13o17b12Ea7dLV4IU30lvDr9L99pTlls42ihMSH81Wd1fC\/Ua0\/ZNUkFWLHLBL\/6kJGVTu0ISEoa1CTThw+HuE\/IRXPxHfZFTzE0vLRo5LTB\/WKHXdlVNUaAmlGuUIoUPfQAY+p7++YBFM8YxApRyoZM9\/a1U1tzWWwuWKpdq72LZC0OwpTVW0tS1A\/i\/hm0LVVLR09CUtZ0iP8u5tCtgTx7YqIsyXpQqzdUmaJc09ONQjybfwLlAFU4b0vxWh06e7bS0AIY+OqO\/UjmsgB8kd09drFZ9YQmhouQlp6FLPkVstERvX62zXSbjkvdgsLaGDLyPsY0IrT5KS\/OS1VEfjEh1V5isAhsCp5wG718bbiqqd9D\/VsC\/qqIHqEch\/De7uArosaKxEwHfcSeZnyU\/QvGQ504fCyuER9FfdTCTvpjawbqkGyQOiyj+WmKfCiMYxWKcSEHSkKwmvUAYFLt\/KQhHGqTVrkw1QMEI\/xwj97eOxPEkNpoxBEIrJi6TmsKZZUiU\/Zl6gjJEgvGVr42WfV94u8CrUFgVTyaay+jatW\/C1WGSWCkYjtF6nL2oIrxbbJoqSTlWTaZi2Wz5dgdGwK8q+0yiyXL8RDIdiX45xpbtIrmziWVIWD6CUy\/yFczvOz+04jqDDfuX4\/e2Nkl\/scXFJE2lFyvqLCmw1owxbCSGjDvdoleLWCIxD5ZqSxFJpiSLpUtzlKKoiZ5mJLMK9tLWD3len3\/vq6Eb\/54OC5JHwBjj9CpFTjifKIkZ0ES4iaqYOpRbOteERLUoESwPhXqsv6JOEvJA+o8wbREdgxpFW5gXxpU2mqVNRJhE9kw\/ydT3RxCUiZp56j7QLAZFbcmGw4MJdUH6CBDEXr27JbTarr6dah2hfndUvG1zXOntfHYxhonrmRHKbwboLDcMRkCT0eUgupCo4VR+3dO2iMcQHoHLmw\/tMWg3+NQzmWqtxq\/8COiP1wLSojzTr58+4PoYx3h61AKhl6s2u3AP56j6gXkVxHrxa7usm2FMYBTaNY9cfSR77GLqx+MUiy6biJ+ei4ueEssi1RWUbgnX76XvwFxJO\/Z0dmmnVwS2iL1BQs0xBXeaGx0+rPX9bP51TBQlHPSk5maVExM1iDWAWpcSLzxgIxB14U28iqoSsUe6OzMYRjceB57SNw9dKFNoSHN2W7MhNR7\/kHqERTXXgLust2VYw2glUPFErnojoKtY7Yf1nJqKooU+fkb3yxj9JPp7xdRHU4iX2Vu4Ss9vPFCeKVWFwW4GE04Z6ukSNtrWpcpUR1Cc9hITE7zX7UtH+PnCoalJ+EuOekSe1ADfoC9dioV+YyTMJfwJDvvh4ndMjNHX1ff2p0n2bKydmuz8fvlLXawwDdYfaEyEkdVXbeOSJb7EnvArVETVTdjcjTXOWGaxnqbF+Bshiy2CGJ7zibwDIZYxOcv9sR6j1q8K8i3UWWtpHwr3TPrcYfq7bQn\/VIfJJeTUfjXSw\/zOjG0+kaT5lMHlKYfKkwuRPvBprfypWLAHOdLEhRENv4vrhK\/1EJONJ3e8UJV09751\/TF4WMXC409tCmES5w0UCkx2BAtz16ojM8OokVyc1sV13Ph5tj\/xn401CnAv1NmPtRHq8y2OKwhQFCR7BaYXbHHZa6JSje9oUnN03mxET+767w2FXQAzp3WLYx\/NG2C5+UXjzRTVD6qrEvdfUW32FvN+SpnmbLdotLNpFStlp7zZbuJJTat7nfL1WywuSJwd+x2eTH\/JnPuT8F4Di54yxlPTJz69MoYB405VRDRYtFRiYNfBoqtCaWCxyF+rJ9hwY1Tk7slIonHNGdU81i\/bOgbPx8+IucaTEL9WDZj121E35n8ekb2qX9TwmvFPlTxGZ9pLxg2NanDC6CyGHQBQI30FX3VsppeNUJm01FYcoGNMDOwqyXcqSbXrGSEB7D6xfNoRICk5cc6POMoYWY3Z0ls4yTlt0KTljvZiVnoBFU0JkcWnHpUcXacCMrKUqsKXzIa0Mf9gRoZeM9RHG+siOvHT2j3ysp1TzaO8xWYYpI8gH845BJwPqgPfvhKKMctxmsRjlAczJmGhjHIDfs+6r8ogwBbKcKVCa9Xu0r2R8Wa\/hRWp9L90KQvTwpeQBvgvtSPcXlIsc2yHwMZelcpH4W8S95JTKAaCzxGHUB79oPhUwveofYEbw+OkHI3TtwAuiRmxD8+2aY0WPONEDcicfRkRAVAb6KR9\/4lgGigBeoPOp8ymJ6u0gaAi1kcedL9O\/SiDbd+45fQ0WHy6UMSxalBbiqYyurAKRWRVMIuHk48oSE2FyFnI6zx4ymDrOcoGSEVAl2EYIDxoP4eRz6oi5iFba\/J34jXP1LMfJVcrKtdUG5GGhZGsO5ECFY3\/pXJIiMFk15BtigYSWIh0Azn0sjFPOv8HHKOCHTc7tq2pJqJRVVF1n+BJzdJerCrt2pzkeLOawqXbuAGkP42Vht1UQI16+wYLRyKO1VDO3wy2He+XsVCxCgZK1EgsFrvlbih2O5vm0G8+5lQPVa8vJrhzKLNdri5RRbLNJHca9ZP\/\/IU4u0MUfRHGk9LosiKwRR64rRifaNKUdDK9ELRAO\/oAdIPZnh\/8WGMt\/ilBONY7yj+ycdFkepa2CXXLIq1zyp3v+qTsO5r7wVkx113tXDK+KruAyaFg4g++i9ZKSzV0gQZFeM2xv0Nh6KVFWvOErp9eM0JVIDM\/yG8I5S03i9AdOlVEAng9L8L2JQ88C52Ofp0lA7iQMImbxQ4VgZA6tzLDBV5qLbTRK2OU4TdWRQuWy46RM+TLnoHP5o2MyL9Nl37vs7F2xzp5D83GyPK1WRQD+mEZB7ZhrbKTjMWhtIF1CmVhqU5\/u\/tpwwV+2skxkTXiXoJOoKEOLg+HRywyvblhZriY1LZO+f+S4sxonasK\/RkXcGrdPo1EUTENU42TAswaQnuQkDKkVWb5Na8FQBA2F1oii4yNBY2qAtSQxBdRSApFssppKU4gkFMfX8O3o64Go9nxbfJOWN\/XWih5\/oCW+x8tb6vL0NkpbXw8cd3a8D3h0w57f\/Pzwcdm5YhXomy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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n28fheel.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"gcri\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> \u00b7 Health Nexus<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Health supply chains<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Medicines, vaccines, diagnostics, oxygen and medical devices reach patients through long chains of manufacturers, regulators, procurers, warehouses and carriers, many of which cross borders and depend on few producers. A failure anywhere along the chain becomes a stock-out at the facility. This page sets out how supply risk develops and propagates, how it is measured, and what the evidence serves for the institutions that procure, store and regulate health products.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/topics\/\">Back to Topics<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Register<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Health supply chains on the record.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"dossier\"><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Dossier<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Health Nexus \u00b7 topic<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-question\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">The question<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">4 mechanisms<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-field\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Field<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">hexagonal field plate<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-indicators\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Indicators<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">8<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-sources\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">7<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-decisions\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Decision holders<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">4<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-methods\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><span class=\"nx-register-num\">5<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-question\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The question<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Health supply chains: how the risk develops.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Medicines, cold chain and health logistics. The dossier below sets out how the risk develops, what is measured, where the data come from, how it is modelled and who decides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"2\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M2 20a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h16a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8l-7 5V8l-7 5V4a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2Z\"\/><path d=\"M17 18h1\"\/><path d=\"M12 18h1\"\/><path d=\"M7 18h1\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Concentration upstream<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Active pharmaceutical ingredients, key starting materials, vaccine inputs and some devices come from a small number of manufacturers and countries. A plant shutdown, a quality failure or an export restriction can affect supply in many markets at once.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M4 14a1 1 0 0 1-.78-1.63l9.9-10.2a.5.5 0 0 1 .86.46l-1.92 6.02A1 1 0 0 0 13 10h7a1 1 0 0 1 .78 1.63l-9.9 10.2a.5.5 0 0 1-.86-.46l1.92-6.02A1 1 0 0 0 11 14z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">The cold chain is a dependency chain<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Vaccines and many biologics must stay within set temperature ranges from manufacture to administration. Power outages, failed refrigerators and heat in transport can degrade potency, often without any visible change to the product.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M14 2v4a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4\"\/><path d=\"M4.268 21a2 2 0 0 0 1.727 1H18a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7l-5-5H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v3\"\/><path d=\"m9 18-1.5-1.5\"\/><circle cx=\"5\" cy=\"14\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Information gaps hide shortages<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">When facilities report stock late or not at all, shortages are discovered when patients are turned away. Weak demand data drive both stock-outs and expiry, and panic ordering in a crisis amplifies both.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M20 13c0 5-3.5 7.5-7.66 8.95a1 1 0 0 1-.67-.01C7.5 20.5 4 18 4 13V6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1c2 0 4.5-1.2 6.24-2.72a1.17 1.17 0 0 1 1.52 0C14.51 3.81 17 5 19 5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1z\"\/><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanism<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Quality failures enter weak systems<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Substandard and falsified products enter where regulatory capacity is thin and genuine supply is short, and shortages create the demand for them. The harm includes <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h48\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 infra.utilities.water-supply-failure\" data-tk=\"Built systems \u00b7 Utility and communication network outage\" data-td=\"Loss of piped water of safe quantity or quality, from pump failure, mains break, treatment failure or contamination.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H48\" data-tr=\"draft\">treatment failure<\/a> and, for antimicrobials, the selection of resistance.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Environmental exposure in Africa.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Population density, daytime surface heat and night lights over Africa, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"africa:health\" data-ml-feeds=\"eonet|https:\/\/eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/v3\/events\" data-ml-src=\"health\" data-ml-plan=\"p-b96a7d34\" data-ml-view=\"2d\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:health\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.health.people gibs.health.lstd gibs.energy.ntl gibs.water.true gibs.health.aod gibs.food.cover ev.eonet r.dist r.hls f.aq r.tropomi r.labels f.ens r.airt\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect measure aoi export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-health\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-health\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"-19,-36,53,38\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"Environmental exposure, Africa: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"ntl,people||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Lights and people<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"people||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Population<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"lstd||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Surface heat<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"ntl||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Night lights<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">3<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">Environmental exposure, for this page<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"people\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Population density\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)\" data-wm-kind=\"Census-based estimate, static (2020)\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Population density, 2020<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University) Gridded Population of the World v4.11 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"estimated\" data-wm-lic=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-wm-unit=\"people\/km\u00b2\">Estimated<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"people\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.people\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Estimated<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University))<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>null; Census-based estimate, static (2020)<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Census-based estimate of people per square kilometre in 2020, shown as exposure context; not a count of people affected by any hazard.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"lstd\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Land temperature, day\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite 8-day composite; persistent cloud still leaves gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"lstd\">14 Sep 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"\u00b0C\">Observed (persistent cloud still leaves gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"lstd\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.lstd\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (persistent cloud still leaves gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>8-day; Satellite 8-day composite; persistent cloud still leaves gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-09-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite skin temperature of the ground over the 8 days ending on the date shown, a heat exposure indicator; not air temperature, heat index or a heat warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"ntl\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.9\" data-wm-short=\"Night lights\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LAADS DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite radiance, corrected for moonlight and atmosphere\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Night-time lights, daily<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LAADS DAAC VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ntl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"nW\/(cm\u00b2 sr)\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"ntl\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.energy.ntl\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) (NASA LAADS DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LAADS DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite radiance, corrected for moonlight and atmosphere<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite night-time radiance for the date shown; lights are a proxy for electricity use and outages, not a measurement of supply or access.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"4\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.6\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite image\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">True colour<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"true\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.true\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite image<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"aod\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"24\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Haze (aerosol)\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite retrieval; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Aerosol optical depth, daily<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 Deep Blue AOD \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"aod\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"AOD\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"aod\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.aod\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 Deep Blue AOD (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite retrieval; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite measure of haze, smoke and dust through the whole air column on the day shown; an exposure indicator, not ground-level PM2.5, an air quality index or a health warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"cover\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"25\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.7\" data-wm-short=\"Land cover\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land cover type (IGBP), yearly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"class\">Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"cover\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.cover\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2024-01-01<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" aria-label=\"Map controls\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-open\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-panel\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Layers\" title=\"Layers\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2.5l-6.5 3.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5zm-6.5 6.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5m-13 2.8 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"tools\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" title=\"Expert tools\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 4.5l10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-7.5-8.5 0 3m5 .5 0 3m-3.5.5 0 3\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-sep\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"in\" aria-label=\"Zoom in\" title=\"Zoom in\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" 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title=\"Full screen\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M2.5 6l0-3.5 3.5 0m7.5 3.5 0-3.5-3.5 0m-7.5 7.5 0 3.5 3.5 0m7.5-3.5 0 3.5-3.5 0\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-menu\" id=\"nx-wm-menu\" role=\"menu\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"inspect\">Inspect a point<kbd>I<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"measure\">Measure distance<kbd>M<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"share\">Copy a link to this view<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"png\">Export as PNG with credits<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"xt\" data-wm-xt=\"NxAjSJ6JoGGZsXu22d+kvA4nR9AJ6Njy+\/Xy2FIyELw=\">More expert tools<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\">Keyboard shortcuts<kbd>?<\/kbd><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-keys\" role=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Keyboard shortcuts\" hidden><p class=\"nx-wm-keys-title\">Keyboard, with the map focused<\/p><dl class=\"nx-wm-keys-list\"><\/dl><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-keys-close\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\" aria-label=\"Close the shortcuts\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-hint\" hidden>Hold Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll to zoom<\/p><p class=\"nx-wm-toolbar\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-tip\" role=\"tooltip\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin\" hidden><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-pin-title\"><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"unpin\" aria-label=\"Close the card\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-chart\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-body\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-dock\"><div class=\"nx-wm-time\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Imagery date\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"prev\" aria-label=\"One day earlier\">\u2039<\/button><p class=\"nx-wm-time-label\">Latest available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Environmental exposure, framed on Africa.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET \u00b7 NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.water-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"sedac.gpw-v4\">Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7927\/H49C6VHW\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.7927\/H49C6VHW<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.laads.black-marble\">VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.modis-viirs.atmosphere\">MODIS and VIIRS atmosphere products, NASA LANCE and LAADS DAAC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.modis-viirs.land\">MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li><\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>Air quality forecast, 5 days, PM2.5 (CAMS via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information 2026.<\/li><li>Past year, daily temperature (ERA5 via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information 2026.<\/li><li>Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https:\/\/open-meteo.com\/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/).<\/li><li>Optional layers (14 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/li><li>Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite: VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"lstd\">14 Sep 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ntl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Aerosol optical depth, daily: VIIRS NOAA-20 Deep Blue AOD, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"aod\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G04\/topics\/health-supply-chains\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Health Nexus live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-label=\"Couplings, Monitor, Reports, standards and contributions, Simulator\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Couplings, Monitor, Reports, standards and contributions, Simulator\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-couplings\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Couplings<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-5-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Monitor<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-standards\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-instrument\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Simulator<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-couplings\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"health\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Couplings<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Medicines and supplies depend on industry, energy and trade.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th>Domain<\/th><th>How it couples here<\/th><th>What to watch<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Energy<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Temperature-controlled storage and transport need power and fuel.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Cold chain temperature excursions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Food<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Therapeutic and fortified foods share logistics with food aid.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Pipeline breaks for therapeutic foods<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Water<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Manufacturing needs high-purity water; floods disrupt plants and warehouses.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Production sites in flood zones<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Domain\">Biodiversity<\/td><td data-label=\"How it couples here\">Some active ingredients and raw materials come from natural sources.<\/td><td data-label=\"What to watch\">Sourcing of biological raw materials<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-p\">Supply risk concentrates in active pharmaceutical ingredients made at few sites. The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (24th list, 2025) defines the priority set; storage and distribution follow WHO good practices (Technical Report Series 1025, Annex 7, 2020); national regulatory capacity is assessed with the WHO Global Benchmarking Tool.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-5-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Monitor<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Health supply continuity.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The screen a team would use to follow this subject: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-health-supply\" data-cx=\"health.supply\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Health supply continuity: illustrative console with example names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Health supply continuity<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">Health supply chains \u00b7 Province B \u00b7 Month 1<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure&#8217;s values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Stock-out risk in 3 districts<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GCRI \u00b7 Health Nexus<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"4\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Tracer commodities<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-health-supply-t0\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-health-supply-t0\" aria-label=\"Tracer commodities\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Commodity<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Months of stock<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">Facilities stocked out<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">Lead time (wk)<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c4\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c4\">Status<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-health-supply:r0-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Oral rehydration salts<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"3.1\">3.1<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"1\">1<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"6\">6<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Adequate<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-health-supply:r0-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>First-line antibiotic<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"1.6\">1.6<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"6\">6<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"8\">8<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Low<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-health-supply:r0-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Insulin<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"2\">2<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"4\">4<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"9\">9<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Adequate<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-health-supply:r0-3\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\" aria-current=\"true\" data-cur=\"true\"><td>Rapid diagnostic tests<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.2\">0.2<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"10\">10<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"8\">8<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"not\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Critical<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"2\" data-t=\"kv\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Order in transit<\/h4><\/div><\/div><dl class=\"nx-fk-dl\"><div><dt>Order<\/dt><dd>PO-53806<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Route<\/dt><dd>Port of entry to central store<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>ETA<\/dt><dd>12 days<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Cold chain<\/dt><dd><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Monitored<\/span><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"chart\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Facilities stocked out by district<\/h4><\/div><\/div><svg class=\"nx-fk-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 520 210\" width=\"520\" height=\"210\" role=\"img\" focusable=\"false\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-label=\"Facilities stocked out by district\" data-fk-chart=\"cx-health-supply-c2\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Health supply continuity: the screen&#8217;s structure, terms and states for Health supply chains.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-standards\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"health\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Supply chain evidence.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Supply chain dependency studies are designed for the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/series\/strategic-systems\/\">Strategic Systems series<\/a>. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) does not procure or approve medicines. Useful contributions: stock-out records from facilities, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h60\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 sys.supply-chain.supply-disruption\" data-tk=\"Systemic and compound events \u00b7 Supply-chain and flow disruption\" data-td=\"A break in the flow of goods or materials between producers and users that stops production or leaves shortages.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H60\" data-tr=\"draft\">shortage<\/a> notifications and sourcing concentration data, shared under terms.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-instrument\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"health\" data-ns-layout=\"es-wide\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">A shock through an input-output economy.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">A loss of output in one sector propagates through the technical coefficients to its suppliers and customers, and recovers at the rate you set; the coefficients are teaching values, not national accounts. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows Africa; the model itself is not tied to a place.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-in nx-fk\" id=\"nx-in-health-nexus-topics-health-supply-chains-0\" data-nxi=\"io\" data-nxi-id=\"io\" data-nxi-z=\"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\" aria-label=\"A shock through an input-output economy\"><div class=\"nx-in-body\"><div class=\"nx-in-main\"><div class=\"nx-in-tabs\" data-nxi-tabs=\"true\" aria-label=\"Views of the model\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"result\">Result<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"bars\">By sector<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"net\">Network<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"fan\">Uncertainty<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"tornado\">Sensitivity<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"loops\">Loops<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-stage\" id=\"nx-in-health-nexus-topics-health-supply-chains-0-stage\" data-nxi-stage=\"true\" data-view=\"result\"><svg class=\"nx-in-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 720 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Output lost\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-in-tip\" data-nxi-tip=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><div class=\"nx-in-bar\" data-nxi-bar=\"true\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Play over time\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-prev=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step back\">&#8249;<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-play=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Play<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-next=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step forward\">&#8250;<\/button><span class=\"nx-in-step\" data-nxi-step=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-side\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><div class=\"nx-in-ctl\" data-nxi-ctl=\"true\"><dl class=\"nx-in-pv\"><div><dt>Sector hit first (position in the list)<\/dt><dd>0<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Size of the shock<\/dt><dd>30% of its output<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Duration of the shock<\/dt><dd>30 days<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Recovery rate<\/dt><dd>0.08 per day<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Days simulated<\/dt><dd>180 days<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Readouts<\/p><dl class=\"nx-in-out\" data-nxi-out=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><div><dt>Output lost over the run<\/dt><dd>0.83% of a year&#8217;s output<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Total over direct (multiplier)<\/dt><dd>1.82 times<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Most affected other sector<\/dt><dd>Retail<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Its peak inoperability<\/dt><dd>5.1%<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><details class=\"nx-in-more\"><summary>Numbers, methods and sources<\/summary><div class=\"nx-in-more-in\"><div class=\"nx-in-tblw\" data-nxi-table=\"true\"><table class=\"nx-in-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Sector<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Peak inoperability (%)<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Output weight (%)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Health care<\/th><td>30.63<\/td><td>18.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Pharmaceuticals<\/th><td>3.70<\/td><td>21.9<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Transport<\/th><td>1.75<\/td><td>14.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Hospitality<\/th><td>0.28<\/td><td>8.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Retail<\/th><td>5.12<\/td><td>17.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Public services<\/th><td>0.22<\/td><td>18.6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-csv=\"true\" hidden>Download the numbers (CSV)<\/button><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Methods<\/h4><ol class=\"nx-in-meth\"><li>Input-output analysis <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Leontief (1936); Miller and Blair (2009), Input-Output Analysis, Cambridge University Press<\/span><\/li><li>Inoperability input-output model <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Haimes and Jiang (2001), Journal of Infrastructure Systems 7<\/span><\/li><li>Dynamic inoperability and recovery <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Lian and Haimes (2006), Systems Engineering 9<\/span><\/li><li>Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333<\/span><\/li><li>One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley<\/span><\/li><\/ol><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Data<\/h4><p class=\"nx-p\">The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page&#8217;s map can draw:<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-src\"><li>Seaports <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Maritime chokepoints <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Nexus (named straits and canals at their published coordinates)<\/span><\/li><li>Railways <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Major roads <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\">A shock through an input-output economy. Illustrative teaching model: it runs on the values set by the controls, not on measured data. Methods: Input-output analysis (Leontief (1936); Miller and Blair (2009), Input-Output Analysis, Cambridge University Press); Inoperability input-output model (Haimes and Jiang (2001), Journal of Infrastructure Systems 7); Dynamic inoperability and recovery (Lian and Haimes (2006), Systems Engineering 9).<\/figcaption><div class=\"nx-in-pls\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-pl\" aria-label=\"Where this instrument connects across the pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Experiments<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Built in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/foundry\/\">Health Nexus in Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Tested at<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/universe\/\">Health Nexus in Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Codified in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/\">Health and Biosecurity in Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Published in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/reports\/\">Health Nexus in Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Taught in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/health-society\/\">Faculty of Health and Society in Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><span class=\"nx-in-keep\" hidden><i data-c=\"c1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c4\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c6\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"h3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"neg\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"0\"><\/i><i data-l=\"1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"2\"><\/i><i data-l=\"3\"><\/i><i data-l=\"4\"><\/i><i data-l=\"5\"><\/i><i data-on=\"0\"><\/i><i data-on=\"1\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"p\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"n\"><\/i><i data-k=\"R\"><\/i><i data-k=\"B\"><\/i><i data-k=\"dash\"><\/i><i data-dash=\"true\"><\/i><i data-view=\"result\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"on\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"off\"><\/i><i class=\"nx-in-svg nx-in-grid nx-in-ax nx-in-tk nx-in-at nx-in-ln nx-in-band nx-in-lbl nx-in-lk nx-in-ref nx-in-reft nx-in-mk nx-in-x nx-in-rect nx-in-val nx-in-rowl nx-in-cl nx-in-arrow nx-in-pol nx-in-cln nx-in-loop nx-in-edge nx-in-node nx-in-nl nx-in-reach nx-in-trib nx-in-agent nx-in-flow nx-in-legend nx-in-sw nx-in-note nx-in-loops nx-in-3d nx-in-cv nx-in-field nx-in-fl nx-in-fv nx-in-range nx-in-btn nx-in-err nx-in-tbl nx-in-cite\"><\/i><\/span><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-label=\"Indicators, Twin and cascade simulator, Sources\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Indicators, Twin and cascade simulator, Sources\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-indicators\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Indicators<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-twin\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-sources\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Sources<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-indicators\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What is measured, and how well.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Each indicator carries its unit, its cadence, the kind of source behind it and the evidence label a value would carry. No values are shown: a programme supplies them under its own authority.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Tracer medicine availability<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of facilities with the item in stock<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Logistics <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and facility surveys<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Stock-out duration<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">days per stock-out event<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Logistics management information systems<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Months of stock on hand<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">months of average consumption<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Central and regional warehouse records<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Cold chain equipment functionality<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">percent of equipment functional<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">quarterly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Cold chain equipment inventories<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Temperature excursions<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">excursions per monitored unit<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">continuous<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Remote temperature monitoring devices<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Supplier concentration<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">count of qualified suppliers per product<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">per review<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Prequalification and registration records<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Active <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h60\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 sys.supply-chain.supply-disruption\" data-tk=\"Systemic and compound events \u00b7 Supply-chain and flow disruption\" data-td=\"A break in the flow of goods or materials between producers and users that stops production or leaves shortages.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H60\" data-tr=\"draft\">shortage<\/a> notices<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">notices<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">weekly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">Regulatory shortage registers<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Indicator\">Substandard and falsified product reports<\/td><td data-label=\"Unit\">reports<\/td><td data-label=\"Cadence\">monthly<\/td><td data-label=\"Source type\">National regulators and the WHO global surveillance system<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"indicators\" data-nxf-kind=\"indicator\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G04\/topics\/health-supply-chains\/#indicators\" data-nxf-title=\"Indicators\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"health\" data-span=\"wide\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Model health supply chains as a system. Run the cascade.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Assembled from the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> area profile <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/industry-trade\/supply-chain-and-trade-risk\/\">Supply chain and trade risk<\/a>: the hazards it names, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/system-builder\/\">System Builder<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-es-topics-health-supply-chains-G04\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h47\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 infra.structural.dam-failure\" data-tk=\"Built systems \u00b7 Structural and civil failure\" data-td=\"Breach or collapse of a dam, sending a sudden flood wave downstream.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H47\" data-tr=\"draft\">Dam failure<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h9\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.flood.fluvial\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Freshwater inundation\" data-td=\"River discharge exceeding channel capacity so that water spills over the banks and covers the floodplain for days.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H9\" data-tr=\"draft\">River flood<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h9\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.flood.flash-flood\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Freshwater inundation\" data-td=\"A fast, violent rise of water in a small catchment or dry channel within hours of intense rain.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H9\" data-tr=\"draft\">Flash flood<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Mass displacement (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Widespread power outage (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Water supply shortfall (set off downstream)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/industry-trade\/supply-chain-and-trade-risk\/\">Supply chain and trade risk<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/food-security-and-nutrition-risk\/\">Food security and nutrition risk<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/oceans-and-coasts-risk-standards\/\">Oceans and coasts risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Exposure<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/geopolitical-and-security-risk\/\">Geopolitical and security risk<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Common driver<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/digital-ai\/cyber-and-digital-risk-standards\/\">Cyber and digital risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-0<\/code> Constitution and principles<\/li><li><code>NS-3<\/code> Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)<\/li><li><code>NS-9<\/code> Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)<\/li><li><code>NS-10<\/code> Policies and clauses (machine-readable obligations: definition, binding, evaluation and enforcement)<\/li><li><code>NS-11<\/code> Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)<\/li><li><code>NS-12<\/code> Software, model and AI\/ML artefacts (supply chain, model cards, dataset sheets)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H60<\/code> Hazard family: Supply-chain and flow disruption (NHS-1 sys.supply-chain)<\/li><li><code>NRS-X4<\/code> Trade, transport and supply chains risk<\/li><li><code>NRS-H89<\/code> Hazard family: Transport network disruption (NHS-1 infra.mobility)<\/li><li><code>NRS-K38<\/code> Domain pack profile: Supply chain trade (DOMAIN-038)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H43<\/code> Hazard family: Livestock and aquaculture epizootics (NHS-1 health.animal-health)<\/li><li><code>NRS-M10<\/code> Method fabric: Markets, trade and supply chains<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>IMF PortWatch port activity and chokepoint disruptions (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Global Supply Chain Pressure Index (listed for reference)<\/li><li>OECD Data Explorer (SDMX API) (listed for reference)<\/li><li>World Bank Open Data and World Development Indicators API (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Developing countries&#8217; and least developed countries&#8217; share of global exports<\/li><li>Passenger and freight volumes, by mode of transport<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Example geography<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>The Strait of Malacca: 227 hexagonal cells<\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface water through cloud, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-S1 radar), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface soil moisture (SMAP), NASA GIBS<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"health\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where the evidence comes from.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Named public datasets and institutional records, each with its licence class. Sources by agreement are used only under their terms and never republished.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it gives<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">WHO Prequalification lists<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Prequalified medicines, vaccines, diagnostics and immunisation devices with their manufacturers<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public records, WHO terms of use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">Global Fund Price and Quality Reporting<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Transaction-level procurement of health products by grant recipients<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public, Global Fund terms of use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">UN Comtrade<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">International trade flows in pharmaceutical products and medical devices by commodity code<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Free access with registration, terms of use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">National medicines regulators&#8217; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h60\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 sys.supply-chain.supply-disruption\" data-tk=\"Systemic and compound events \u00b7 Supply-chain and flow disruption\" data-td=\"A break in the flow of goods or materials between producers and users that stops production or leaves shortages.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H60\" data-tr=\"draft\">shortage<\/a> registers<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Active and resolved shortage notices by product<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public records, terms per regulator<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">WHO medical product alerts<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Public alerts on substandard and falsified medical products<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public records, WHO terms of use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">National logistics management information <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Stock, consumption and orders by facility, for example in DHIS2 or OpenLMIS<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">By agreement with each ministry of health<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Source\">UNICEF Supply Division market notes<\/td><td data-label=\"What it gives\">Supply and demand outlooks for vaccines and essential supplies<\/td><td data-label=\"Licence class\">Public reports, UNICEF terms of use<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G04\/topics\/health-supply-chains\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Sources\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-signature\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sector signature<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The sector signature of health supply chains.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The sectors health supply chains touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig\" data-nx-sig=\"WIFH\" data-sig-name=\"Health and its partners\" data-sig-line=\"Health gives workforce for operations to infrastructure (0.3), farm labour to food (0.3) and utility workforce to water (0.2).\" data-sig-inst=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-plate\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Signatures in context\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span>Select corners \u00b7 hover lines<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">6 \/ 15 relations<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sector signature hexagon: Water, Infrastructure, Food and Health selected, 6 of 15 relations in play, coupling 0.42. Teaching values.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Signature<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Health and its partners<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Health gives workforce for operations to infrastructure (0.3), farm labour to food (0.3) and utility workforce to water (0.2).<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>W<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">E<\/span> \u00b7 <span>I<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>H<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">B<\/span><\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Sectors<\/dt><dd><strong>4<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Relations<\/dt><dd><strong>6<\/strong> <small>of 15<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coupling<\/dt><dd><strong>0.42<\/strong> <small>share of total<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><h3 class=\"nx-nsig-dh\">Strongest relations in play<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-nsig-rel\"><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Food<\/b> \u00b7 irrigation<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.8<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Food \u2192 Health<\/b> \u00b7 nutrition<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"7\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.7<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Infrastructure \u2192 Water<\/b> \u00b7 pipes, dams and treatment works<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"6\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.6<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Health<\/b> \u00b7 drinking water and sanitation<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"7\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.7<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"all\">Select all<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-sig-act=\"copy\">Copy signature<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements for any place. Coupling is the summed strength of the relations in play, as a share of all fifteen.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-3\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-label=\"Decisions, Methods and evidence, Core questions, Mechanisms\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Decisions, Methods and evidence, Core questions, Mechanisms\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-decisions\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Decisions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-audience\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Methods and evidence<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Core questions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-mechanisms\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Mechanisms<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-decisions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"health\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Decisions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who decides, and what the evidence serves.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Health Nexus prepares evidence. The decisions below are taken by the authorities named, under their own rules, and never by the platform.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Who decides<\/th><th scope=\"col\">The question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence this page serves<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Central medical stores and procurement agencies<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">How much buffer stock to hold, where, and from how many suppliers<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Supplier concentration; lead-time distributions; stock-out and expiry evidence<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">National medicines regulatory authorities<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Which shortages need regulatory flexibility, alternative sources or import authorisation<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h60\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 sys.supply-chain.supply-disruption\" data-tk=\"Systemic and compound events \u00b7 Supply-chain and flow disruption\" data-td=\"A break in the flow of goods or materials between producers and users that stops production or leaves shortages.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H60\" data-tr=\"draft\">Shortage<\/a> registers against demand and qualified supplier lists<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">National immunisation programmes<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Where cold chain equipment must be replaced or protected against outages<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Equipment functionality, temperature excursion records and power reliability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Who decides\">Regional bodies and pooled procurers<\/td><td data-label=\"The question\">Whether to invest in regional manufacturing or shared stockpiles<\/td><td data-label=\"Evidence this page serves\">Concentration and trade dependency evidence; surge scenarios with lead times<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-4\">Outputs this topic produces<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Supply dependency maps from ingredient to facility<\/li><li>Stock-out and expiry risk evidence by product and region<\/li><li>Cold chain vulnerability profiles against outages and heat<\/li><li>Surge manufacturing and stockpile scenarios for medical countermeasures<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and evidence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How health supply chains is modelled, measured and tested.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"science\" data-au-n=\"1\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"system-model\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">System model<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">The couplings between the systems in health supply chains: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.<\/p><div class=\"nx-au-fig\"><svg class=\"nx-au-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 560 250\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Causal loop diagram of Health, Communities, Economy\" focusable=\"false\"><line class=\"nx-au-ac\" x1=\"280\" y1=\"32\" x2=\"387.99\" y2=\"161\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"334\" y=\"92.5\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"387.99\" y1=\"161\" x2=\"172.01\" y2=\"161\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"280\" y=\"157\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"172.01\" y1=\"161\" x2=\"280\" y2=\"32\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"226\" y=\"92.5\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u2212<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd nx-au-nd-ac\" cx=\"280.0\" cy=\"32.0\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"20\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Health<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd nx-au-nd-ac\" cx=\"388.0\" cy=\"161.0\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"399.99\" y=\"179\" text-anchor=\"start\">Communities<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"172.0\" cy=\"161.0\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"160.01\" y=\"179\" text-anchor=\"end\">Economy<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"114\" text-anchor=\"middle\">R  reinforcing<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"280\" y=\"132\" text-anchor=\"middle\">B  balancing<\/text><\/svg><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Causal loop diagram from the page&#8217;s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">FAIR guiding principles \u00b7 GO FAIR and FORCE11<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">W3C PROV \u00b7 World Wide Web Consortium<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Guidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties \u00b7 IPCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">CEOS Analysis Ready Data \u00b7 Committee on Earth Observation Satellites<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-core-questions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"health\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Core questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What experts ask.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Supply-chain questions trace a product back to its points of failure.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Where are active ingredients, finished products and critical components made, and how concentrated is production?<\/li><li>Which products are essential and have no therapeutic substitute?<\/li><li>How long do stocks last at national, regional and facility level under surge demand?<\/li><li>Where can the cold chain break between manufacturer and patient?<\/li><li>How do export restrictions, transport disruption or quality failures turn into shortages?<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-mechanisms\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"health\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-15\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">15<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mechanisms<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Mechanisms and drivers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Generic medicines are often produced at low margins by few manufacturers, and production of key starting materials can be concentrated geographically. A quality failure, factory shutdown or trade restriction at one point can therefore affect many countries. Lean inventory practices reduce cost but also reduce the buffer available when demand rises.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Demand shocks and supply shocks frequently coincide in a crisis. Panic buying and stockpiling by some purchasers can create shortages elsewhere. Last-mile distribution depends on transport, power for refrigeration and trained staff, so a working national supply can still fail to reach a clinic.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-4\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-label=\"Methods and data, Methods, Sources, Questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Methods and data, Methods, Sources, Questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Methods and data<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-methods\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Methods<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Sources<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-19-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-methods-and-data\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-16\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">16<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-16\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How it is studied, and where the methods stop.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Method or data<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it shows<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Limits<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Method or data\">Supply-chain mapping<\/td><td data-label=\"What it shows\">Where products and components come from<\/td><td data-label=\"Limits\">Upstream supplier data is often confidential or incomplete<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Method or data\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h60\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 sys.supply-chain.supply-disruption\" data-tk=\"Systemic and compound events \u00b7 Supply-chain and flow disruption\" data-td=\"A break in the flow of goods or materials between producers and users that stops production or leaves shortages.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H60\" data-tr=\"draft\">Shortage<\/a> reports and registries<\/td><td data-label=\"What it shows\">Which products are short and for how long<\/td><td data-label=\"Limits\">Reporting rules differ between jurisdictions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Method or data\">Inventory and logistics modelling<\/td><td data-label=\"What it shows\">How stocks behave under surge and disruption<\/td><td data-label=\"Limits\">Depends on demand assumptions that change in crises<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Method or data\">Cold-chain temperature monitoring data<\/td><td data-label=\"What it shows\">Where temperature excursions occur<\/td><td data-label=\"Limits\">Coverage of the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 last-mile\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The final step of warning delivery to the people at risk, often where warning systems fail.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">last mile<\/a> is often weak<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-methods\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-17\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">17<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-17\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How it is studied, and what the methods cannot say.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-methods\" data-limits=\"true\"><ol class=\"nx-mledger\" aria-label=\"Methods\"><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/stem\/data-engineering\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Data engineering, interoperability and stewardship<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Linking health information systems \u00b7 Privacy-preserving publication<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/data-engineering\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Data engineering, interoperability and stewardship\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/stem\/complex-systems\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Complex systems and agent-based modelling<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Contact and mobility networks \u00b7 Cascades across health and infrastructure<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/complex-systems\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Complex systems and agent-based modelling\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/stem\/probability-statistics\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Probability and statistics<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Survey-weighted and small-area estimation \u00b7 Expected baselines for excess mortality<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/mathematics\/probability-statistics\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Probability and statistics\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/stem\/biotechnology\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Biotechnology platforms<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Countermeasure manufacturing capacity \u00b7 Diagnostic readiness<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/technology\/biotechnology\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Biotechnology platforms\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-mledger-main\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/stem\/epidemiology\/\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-n\" aria-hidden=\"true\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-body\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-name\">Epidemiology and public health science<\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-role\">Surveillance design and evaluation \u00b7 Nowcasting under reporting delay<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-mledger-go\"><span class=\"nx-mledger-go-label\">Applied here<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><div class=\"nx-mledger-aside\"><a class=\"nx-mledger-canon\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/epidemiology\/\" aria-label=\"Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons: Epidemiology and public health science\">Canonical \u00b7 STEM Commons <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-limits\" aria-label=\"What the methods cannot say\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the methods cannot say<\/span><p class=\"nx-limits-text\">Upstream supply chains are commercially confidential, so concentration is usually inferred from registrations, trade data and prequalification records rather than observed directly. Trade codes group products coarsely and cannot always separate finished products from ingredients. Facility stock data are incomplete where reporting is manual. <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h60\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 sys.supply-chain.supply-disruption\" data-tk=\"Systemic and compound events \u00b7 Supply-chain and flow disruption\" data-td=\"A break in the flow of goods or materials between producers and users that stops production or leaves shortages.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H60\" data-tr=\"draft\">Shortage<\/a> registers differ in what they require to be reported. Health Nexus does not procure, approve or recall products; procurers and regulators decide under their own authority.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"health\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-18\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">18<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Where this page&#8217;s references<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-18\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page&#8217;s references lead.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/groups\/expert-committee-on-selection-and-use-of-essential-medicines\/essential-medicines-lists\"><span>WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 24th list (WHO, 2025)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\"><span>Good storage and distribution practices for medical products, WHO Technical Report Series 1025, Annex 7 (WHO, 2020)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/tools\/global-benchmarking-tools\"><span>WHO Global Benchmarking Tool for national regulatory systems<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-19-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"health\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-19\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">19<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-19\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>Why do shortages happen even when products are approved?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Because approval does not guarantee supply. A shortage can follow a single manufacturer&#8217;s quality problem, a raw material disruption, prices too low to keep producers in the market, or a sudden surge in demand.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is a substandard or falsified product?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">A substandard product is authorised but fails its quality standards or specifications. A falsified product deliberately misrepresents its identity, composition or source. Both can cause treatment failure and harm.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does Health Nexus recommend suppliers or products?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. It prepares evidence on dependencies, stock and quality signals. Procurement and regulatory decisions belong to the agencies that hold them.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why are cheap medicines often the ones in short supply?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Low margins discourage multiple manufacturers and spare capacity, so a single production problem can leave few alternative suppliers.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is stockpiling the answer?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Stockpiles help for some products but carry costs, expiry and management burdens. Diversified supply, transparency and agreed allocation rules are usually considered alongside stocks.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does Health Nexus procure or distribute medical products?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. GCRI does not procure or distribute. Health Nexus publishes research on supply-chain resilience.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"health\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Health Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Sector Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Evidence Brief<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/health-nexus\/topics\/health-supply-chains#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper--global-health-nexus-topics-health-supply-chains-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper--global-health-nexus-topics-health-supply-chains-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper--global-health-nexus-topics-health-supply-chains-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/sectors\/health#what-health-gives\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Health<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/health-society\/health-systems\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Health systems and health care resilience<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/health-risk-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Health risk standards<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-20\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Health Nexus<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-20\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring a method, a dataset or a question.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Information and enquiries are open today. 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