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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n1bf3ycg.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"gcri\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> \u00b7 Society and Human Development<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Society and Human Development<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Societal resilience, inequality, health, population change and the human consequences of risks and innovation. Society and Human Development is an established platform of The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/about\/\">Open Mandate and publisher <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/about\/\">About GCRI<\/a><\/div><\/div><dl class=\"nx-scene-stats nx-es-stats\"><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">STEM methods<\/dt><dd>4<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Canonical methods this field applies<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topics<\/dt><dd>10<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Subject pages in the field<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Counterparts<\/dt><dd>2<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Platforms in shared fields across the network<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Report series<\/dt><dd>2<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Reports series it contributes to<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"social\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contents<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Society and Human Development in seven parts.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"editorial\"><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\" data-variant=\"contents\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>In this dossier<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">7 parts<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-the-problem\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">The problem<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Why the human consequences of risk are unequal and cumulative<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-areas\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Coverage<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">The areas of society and human development this platform takes on<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-overview\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Overview<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">What Society and Human Development does<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-pg-mandate\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Mandate and boundaries<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">What Society and Human Development studies, and whose decisions it informs<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-pg-nexus-couplings\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Across the domains<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">People experience all five domains at once<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-pg-reports-and-contributions\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Where social evidence goes<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-sec-what-the-platform-does\"><span class=\"nx-register-n\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-k\">What the platform does<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Societal evidence, measured carefully and used responsibly<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"social\" aria-label=\"The problem, Monitor, Topics\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"The problem, Monitor, Topics\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-the-problem\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">The problem<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-3-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Monitor<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-4-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Topics<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-the-problem\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The problem<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Why the human consequences of risk are unequal and cumulative.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Hazards become disasters through vulnerability. A flood, a price spike or an epidemic is filtered through who people are, where they live, what they own, what protections they can draw on and whether institutions reach them. Decades of research on disasters and poverty show the same pattern: households with few assets, insecure work, poor housing and weak access to services are more exposed, suffer larger losses relative to what they have and recover more slowly. Those who are excluded by gender, age, disability, ethnicity, migration status or informality often carry the heaviest burden.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Losses also compound over time. A household that sells livestock or takes children out of school to survive a drought loses future income and skills; a community that loses trust in institutions during a crisis is harder to reach in the next. Shocks that overlap, such as conflict, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 food-insecurity\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A situation in which people lack reliable access to enough safe and nutritious food for active and healthy lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">food insecurity<\/a> and climate extremes, can turn temporary hardship into persistent poverty and displacement. Population change, ageing, urbanisation and migration shift who is exposed and who provides care and labour.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Innovation brings its own social consequences. Digital services can widen access, but they can also exclude people without connectivity or identity documents, and information <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> can spread misinformation that undermines public health and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-cohesion\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The strength of relationships and the sense of solidarity among members of a society.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">social cohesion<\/a>. Understanding these dynamics needs social science that is rigorous about measurement and causation and respectful of the people it studies.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">These questions are not only about poorer countries. Ageing, loneliness, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h59\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 soc.economic.housing-crisis\" data-tk=\"Society, conflict and economy \u00b7 Economic shocks and governance failure\" data-td=\"Housing costs rising far beyond incomes, with evictions, overcrowding and homelessness that push people into unsafe dwellings and hazard-prone land.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H59\" data-tr=\"draft\">housing insecurity<\/a>, regional decline and the erosion of local institutions shape resilience in high-income societies too, and comparative evidence across very different contexts is one of the field&#8217;s strengths.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-3-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Monitor<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Humanitarian needs overview.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The screen a team would use to follow this field: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-society-needs\" data-cx=\"society.needs\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Humanitarian needs overview: illustrative console with example names and values\" 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6YqzdO\/n0r+3D\/X22b3Ffer78vl1s3zT6Dt3eygequO2fKKbFB4BaOoP\/urKQ7nphj9lkK+6bf7Put66hjq7pwJWy84ht69mEs+DXJzeC1UU5Gm6CFX0+XCjjE6C3KiF0YkP\/yLPyt67R7b650JcUZq2W+ZJzZmn34qubOjplJb+woX7mxOfH78yOtVhkCujF6kOP58Q20yFQR7bRabCiRP2med0fiy31flx3pTpOVP2r7I4uAdPPzvmTCU2yGO3gWA\/H54YG0ZBnpiFDaM\/zxSZOVP0j+15c2MrpVmmbZCn2SLT9pbOMyE13sKEX6mRlnyvWtIH2svP0o99olanN58v9H+ehNL+Bw==\"><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Humanitarian needs overview: the screen&#8217;s structure, terms and states for Province West.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-4-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topics<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The questions this field works on.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cards\" data-cols=\"3\"><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/topics\/poverty-and-inequality\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Poverty and inequality<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Exposure, distribution and social protection.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/topics\/demographic-transitions\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Demographic transitions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Ageing, migration and population change.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/topics\/human-security-and-wellbeing\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Human security and wellbeing<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Safety, rights, health and livelihoods.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/topics\/humanitarian-and-displacement\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Humanitarian and displacement<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Crisis, displacement and safeguarding.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/topics\/education-and-capabilities\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Education and capabilities<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Learning inequality and societal opportunity.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/topics\/technology-and-social-cohesion\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Technology and social cohesion<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Trust, misinformation and public outcomes.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/topics\/urban-social-vulnerability\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Urban social vulnerability<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Community resilience and informal services.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/topics\/inclusive-research-ethics\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Inclusive research ethics<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Participation, consent and local knowledge.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/topics\/media-and-information-systems\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Media and information systems<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Media and public information as social systems.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/topics\/humanitarian-risk\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Humanitarian risk<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Humanitarian and displacement analysis under safeguards.<\/p><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"social\" aria-label=\"Simulator, Coverage, Twin and cascade simulator\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Simulator, Coverage, Twin and cascade simulator\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-instrument\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Simulator<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-areas\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Coverage<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-twin\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-instrument\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" data-ns-layout=\"es-wide\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Stocks, flows, delays and a tipping threshold.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Two stocks, pressure and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 adaptive-capacity\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The ability of a system, institution or community to adjust to actual or expected change, take advantage of opportunities and moderate harm. Adaptive capacity works over longer time horizons than coping.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">adaptive capacity<\/a>, joined by a reinforcing growth loop, a delayed balancing response and damage when pressure outruns capacity; past the threshold the system can tip. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows Latin America and the Caribbean; the model itself is not tied to a place.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-in nx-fk\" id=\"nx-in-human-development-0\" data-nxi=\"sd\" data-nxi-id=\"sd\" data-nxi-z=\"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\" aria-label=\"Stocks, flows, delays and a tipping threshold\"><div class=\"nx-in-body\"><div class=\"nx-in-main\"><div class=\"nx-in-tabs\" data-nxi-tabs=\"true\" aria-label=\"Views of the model\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"result\">Result<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"loops\">Loops<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"fan\">Uncertainty<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"tornado\">Sensitivity<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-stage\" id=\"nx-in-human-development-0-stage\" data-nxi-stage=\"true\" data-view=\"result\"><svg class=\"nx-in-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 720 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Stocks over time\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-in-tip\" data-nxi-tip=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><div class=\"nx-in-bar\" data-nxi-bar=\"true\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Play over time\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-prev=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step back\">&#8249;<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-play=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Play<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-next=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step forward\">&#8250;<\/button><span class=\"nx-in-step\" data-nxi-step=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-side\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><div class=\"nx-in-ctl\" data-nxi-ctl=\"true\"><dl class=\"nx-in-pv\"><div><dt>Growth of pressure<\/dt><dd>6.0% a year<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Efficacy of capacity in reducing pressure<\/dt><dd>4.0% a year<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Investment response to perceived pressure<\/dt><dd>20%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Perception delay<\/dt><dd>4.0 years<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Tipping threshold of pressure<\/dt><dd>60 index<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Amplification past the threshold<\/dt><dd>2.0 times<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Years simulated<\/dt><dd>50 years<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Readouts<\/p><dl class=\"nx-in-out\" data-nxi-out=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><div><dt>Peak pressure<\/dt><dd>113 index<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Capacity at the end<\/dt><dd>186 index<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Years over the threshold<\/dt><dd>15.8 years<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><details class=\"nx-in-more\"><summary>Numbers, methods and sources<\/summary><div class=\"nx-in-more-in\"><div class=\"nx-in-tblw\" data-nxi-table=\"true\"><table class=\"nx-in-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pressure<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Capacity<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Perceived<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">0<\/th><td>20.0<\/td><td>50.0<\/td><td>20.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">4<\/th><td>23.3<\/td><td>44.9<\/td><td>21.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">8<\/th><td>27.2<\/td><td>42.2<\/td><td>24.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">12<\/th><td>31.7<\/td><td>42.3<\/td><td>27.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">16<\/th><td>36.8<\/td><td>45.5<\/td><td>32.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">20<\/th><td>42.3<\/td><td>51.5<\/td><td>37.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">24<\/th><td>47.9<\/td><td>60.3<\/td><td>42.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">28<\/th><td>53.2<\/td><td>71.3<\/td><td>48.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">32<\/th><td>57.8<\/td><td>84.3<\/td><td>53.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">36<\/th><td>66.4<\/td><td>98.4<\/td><td>58.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">40<\/th><td>82.7<\/td><td>115.9<\/td><td>69.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">44<\/th><td>97.8<\/td><td>139.7<\/td><td>83.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">48<\/th><td>109.1<\/td><td>169.4<\/td><td>97.3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-csv=\"true\" hidden>Download the numbers (CSV)<\/button><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Methods<\/h4><ol class=\"nx-in-meth\"><li>System dynamics <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Forrester (1961), Industrial Dynamics, MIT Press; Sterman (2000), Business Dynamics<\/span><\/li><li>Critical transitions and tipping points <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Scheffer and others (2009), Early-warning signals for critical transitions, Nature 461<\/span><\/li><li>Causal loop diagram <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Sterman (2000), Business Dynamics, McGraw-Hill<\/span><\/li><li>Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333<\/span><\/li><li>One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley<\/span><\/li><\/ol><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Data<\/h4><p class=\"nx-p\">No observed data enters this model: it runs on the teaching values set by the controls, to be replaced with a programme&#8217;s own evidence.<\/p><\/div><\/details><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\">Stocks, flows, delays and a tipping threshold. Illustrative teaching model: it runs on the values set by the controls, not on measured data. Methods: System dynamics (Forrester (1961), Industrial Dynamics, MIT Press; Sterman (2000), Business Dynamics); Critical transitions and tipping points (Scheffer and others (2009), Early-warning signals for critical transitions, Nature 461); Causal loop diagram (Sterman (2000), Business Dynamics, McGraw-Hill).<\/figcaption><div class=\"nx-in-pls\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-pl\" aria-label=\"Where this instrument connects across the pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Experiments<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Built in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/foundry\/\">Society and Human Development in Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Tested at<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/universe\/\">Society and Human Development in Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Codified in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/\">Governance, Security and Society in Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Published in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/reports\/\">Society and Human Development in Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Taught in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/health-society\/\">Faculty of Health and Society in Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><span class=\"nx-in-keep\" hidden><i data-c=\"c1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c4\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c6\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"h3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"neg\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"0\"><\/i><i data-l=\"1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"2\"><\/i><i data-l=\"3\"><\/i><i data-l=\"4\"><\/i><i data-l=\"5\"><\/i><i data-on=\"0\"><\/i><i data-on=\"1\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"p\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"n\"><\/i><i data-k=\"R\"><\/i><i data-k=\"B\"><\/i><i data-k=\"dash\"><\/i><i data-dash=\"true\"><\/i><i data-view=\"result\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"on\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"off\"><\/i><i class=\"nx-in-svg nx-in-grid nx-in-ax nx-in-tk nx-in-at nx-in-ln nx-in-band nx-in-lbl nx-in-lk nx-in-ref nx-in-reft nx-in-mk nx-in-x nx-in-rect nx-in-val nx-in-rowl nx-in-cl nx-in-arrow nx-in-pol nx-in-cln nx-in-loop nx-in-edge nx-in-node nx-in-nl nx-in-reach nx-in-trib nx-in-agent nx-in-flow nx-in-legend nx-in-sw nx-in-note nx-in-loops nx-in-3d nx-in-cv nx-in-field nx-in-fl nx-in-fv nx-in-range nx-in-btn nx-in-err nx-in-tbl nx-in-cite\"><\/i><\/span><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-areas\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Coverage<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The areas of society and human development this platform takes on.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Society and Human Development studies how risks and innovation affect people&#8217;s lives: poverty and inequality, population change, human security and wellbeing, displacement and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 humanitarian-need\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A shortfall in the conditions people require for life, health, safety and dignity, as a result of a crisis.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">humanitarian need<\/a>, education, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-cohesion\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The strength of relationships and the sense of solidarity among members of a society.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">social cohesion<\/a>, urban vulnerability, information <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and the ethics of research with people. Its pages set out the data, methods and evidence behind each, with every value labelled by its evidence and every limit stated, and with people&#8217;s rights over data about them respected. Governments, humanitarian agencies and communities decide.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"columns\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"4\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M16 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M22 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87\"\/><path d=\"M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Poverty and inequality<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Who lacks income, assets and capabilities, and how gaps between groups grow or narrow.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M3 3v18h18\"\/><path d=\"m19 9-5 5-4-4-3 3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Demographic transitions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Changes in births, deaths, ageing and migration, and what they mean for economies and services.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M20 13c0 5-3.5 7.5-7.66 8.95a1 1 0 0 1-.67-.01C7.5 20.5 4 18 4 13V6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1c2 0 4.5-1.2 6.24-2.72a1.17 1.17 0 0 1 1.52 0C14.51 3.81 17 5 19 5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1z\"\/><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Human security and wellbeing<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Freedom from fear and want, and how people themselves experience safety and quality of life.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"6\" cy=\"19\" r=\"3\"\/><path d=\"M9 19h8.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 0 0-7h-11a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 0-7H15\"\/><circle cx=\"18\" cy=\"5\" r=\"3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Humanitarian and displacement<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">People forced from their homes by conflict, disaster and other crises, and the response to their needs.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21.42 10.922a1 1 0 0 0-.019-1.838L12.83 5.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 9.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.832l8.57 3.908a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0z\"\/><path d=\"M22 10v6\"\/><path d=\"M6 12.5V16a6 3 0 0 0 12 0v-3.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Education and capabilities<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Learning, skills and the freedoms that education makes possible, and how crises interrupt them.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m11 17 2 2a1 1 0 1 0 3-3\"\/><path d=\"m14 14 2.5 2.5a1 1 0 1 0 3-3l-3.88-3.88a3 3 0 0 0-4.24 0l-.88.88a1 1 0 1 1-3-3l2.81-2.81a5.79 5.79 0 0 1 7.06-.87l.47.28a2 2 0 0 0 1.42.25L21 4\"\/><path d=\"m21 3 1 11h-2\"\/><path d=\"M3 3 2 14l6.5 6.5a1 1 0 1 0 3-3\"\/><path d=\"M3 4h8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Technology and social cohesion<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">How technology changes trust, participation and the ties that hold societies together.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M6 22V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h8a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v18Z\"\/><path d=\"M6 12H4a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v6a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2\"\/><path d=\"M18 9h2a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v9a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><path d=\"M10 6h4\"\/><path d=\"M10 10h4\"\/><path d=\"M10 14h4\"\/><path d=\"M10 18h4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Urban social vulnerability<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Why some urban residents are more exposed and less able to cope with shocks than others.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 15a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7l-4 4V5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h14a2 2 0 0 1 2 2z\"\/><path d=\"M13 8H7\"\/><path d=\"M17 12H7\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Media and information systems<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">News, platforms and information flows that shape what people know and believe in a crisis.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" data-span=\"wide\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Model Society and Human Development as a system. Run the cascade.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Assembled from the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> area profile <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/societal-risk-standards\/\">Societal and information risk standards<\/a>: the hazards it names, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/system-builder\/\">System Builder<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-es-home-G-P16\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h55\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 soc.armed-violence.civil-unrest\" data-tk=\"Society, conflict and economy \u00b7 Organised and collective violence\" data-td=\"Mass protest, riot or looting that disrupts order, services and movement and may turn violent.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H55\" data-tr=\"draft\">Civil unrest<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h60\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 sys.supply-chain.supply-disruption\" data-tk=\"Systemic and compound events \u00b7 Supply-chain and flow disruption\" data-td=\"A break in the flow of goods or materials between producers and users that stops production or leaves shortages.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H60\" data-tr=\"draft\">Supply-chain disruption<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Currency crisis (set off downstream)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/societal-risk-standards\/\">Societal and information risk standards<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/information-integrity-and-trust\/\">Information integrity and trust<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Mechanism<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/health\/health-risk-standards\/\">Health risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/political-and-governance-risk-standards\/\">Political and governance risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Feedback<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\">Disaster risk reduction<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Mechanism<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-0<\/code> Constitution and principles<\/li><li><code>NS-9<\/code> Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)<\/li><li><code>NS-11<\/code> Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)<\/li><li><code>NS-12<\/code> Software, model and AI\/ML artefacts (supply chain, model cards, dataset sheets)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H117<\/code> Hazard family: Social cohesion and atrocity risk (NHS-1 soc.cohesion)<\/li><li><code>NRS-X7<\/code> Information integrity and public trust<\/li><li><code>NRS-D2<\/code> Society, inclusion and human development risk<\/li><li><code>NRS-H52<\/code> Hazard family: Information-integrity attacks (NHS-1 cyber.integrity)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H79<\/code> Hazard family: Mental health crises (NHS-1 health.mental)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H59<\/code> Hazard family: Economic shocks and governance failure (NHS-1 soc.economic)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>WorldPop gridded population (listed for reference)<\/li><li>World Bank Open Data and World Development Indicators API (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Global SDG Indicators Database (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 population<\/li><li>Proportion of people living below 50 per cent of median income<\/li><li>Number of countries that adopt and implement guarantees for public access to information<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Example geography<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>The Horn of Africa: 253 hexagonal cells<\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band), NASA GIBS<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-3\" data-hue=\"social\" aria-label=\"Overview, Methods and evidence, Mandate and boundaries\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Overview, Methods and evidence, Mandate and boundaries\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-overview\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Overview<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-audience\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Methods and evidence<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-mandate\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Mandate and boundaries<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-overview\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Overview<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What Society and Human Development does.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Human development is the expansion of people&#8217;s freedoms and capabilities to lead lives they value, including health, education and a decent standard of living. Society and Human Development covers poverty, population change, human security, displacement, education, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-cohesion\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The strength of relationships and the sense of solidarity among members of a society.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">social cohesion<\/a>, urban vulnerability, information <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and research ethics. Governments, humanitarian agencies and communities decide.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M16 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M22 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87\"\/><path d=\"M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Who it serves<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Its community<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Social scientists; humanitarian researchers; demographers; community advocates.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M6 18h8\"\/><path d=\"M3 22h18\"\/><path d=\"M14 22a7 7 0 1 0 0-14h-1\"\/><path d=\"M9 14h2\"\/><path d=\"M9 12a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6h6v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2Z\"\/><path d=\"M12 6V3a1 1 0 0 0-1-1H9a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">How it works<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Its methods<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Socioeconomic indicators; vulnerability methods; mixed methods.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M15 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7Z\"\/><path d=\"M14 2v4a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4\"\/><path d=\"M10 9H8\"\/><path d=\"M16 13H8\"\/><path d=\"M16 17H8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What it produces<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Its outputs<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Human development profiles; social vulnerability briefs; community case studies.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and evidence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How Society and Human Development is modelled, measured and tested.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"science\" data-au-n=\"2\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"system-model\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">System model<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">The couplings between the systems in Society and Human Development: signs of influence, a reinforcing and a balancing loop, and cross-links where stress jumps.<\/p><div class=\"nx-au-fig\"><svg class=\"nx-au-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 560 250\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Causal loop diagram of Society, Information, Communities, Economy\" focusable=\"false\"><line class=\"nx-au-ac\" x1=\"280\" y1=\"32\" x2=\"404.7\" y2=\"118\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"342.35\" y=\"71\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"404.7\" y1=\"118\" x2=\"280\" y2=\"204\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"342.35\" y=\"157\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"280\" y1=\"204\" x2=\"155.3\" y2=\"118\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"217.65\" y=\"157\" text-anchor=\"middle\">\u2212<\/text><line class=\"nx-au-ln\" x1=\"155.3\" y1=\"118\" x2=\"280\" y2=\"32\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-sign\" x=\"217.65\" y=\"71\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd nx-au-nd-ac\" cx=\"280.0\" cy=\"32.0\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"20\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Society<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd nx-au-nd-ac\" cx=\"404.7\" cy=\"118.0\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"416.7\" y=\"122\" text-anchor=\"start\">Information<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"280.0\" cy=\"204.0\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"192\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Communities<\/text><circle class=\"nx-au-nd\" cx=\"155.3\" cy=\"118.0\" r=\"6\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"143.3\" y=\"136\" text-anchor=\"end\">Economy<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t nx-au-lb\" x=\"280\" y=\"114\" text-anchor=\"middle\">R  reinforcing<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"280\" y=\"132\" text-anchor=\"middle\">B  balancing<\/text><\/svg><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Causal loop diagram from the page&#8217;s systems; signs show the direction of influence. Illustrative structure for a system dynamics or network model, not estimated couplings.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"method-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Model, equations and assumptions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">The model structure used for Society and Human Development, the assumptions it makes and how each is tested.<\/p><div class=\"nx-au-eqs\"><div class=\"nx-au-eq\"><span class=\"nx-au-k\">Risk of element i<\/span><code>R<sub>i<\/sub> = f(H<sub>i<\/sub>, E<sub>i<\/sub>, V<sub>i<\/sub>, C<sub>i<\/sub>)<\/code><span class=\"nx-au-n\">hazard, exposure, vulnerability and coping capacity<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-au-eq\"><span class=\"nx-au-k\">Expected annual loss<\/span><code>EAL = &#8721;<sub>k<\/sub> p<sub>k<\/sub> &#183; L<sub>k<\/sub><\/code><span class=\"nx-au-n\">over events k with annual probability p<sub>k<\/sub><\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-au-eq\"><span class=\"nx-au-k\">Coupled systems<\/span><code>x<sub>t+1<\/sub> = A x<sub>t<\/sub> + B u<sub>t<\/sub> + &#949;<sub>t<\/sub><\/code><span class=\"nx-au-n\">A carries the couplings, u the shock, &#949; the error<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Assumption<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Why it is made<\/th><th scope=\"col\">How it is tested<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Assumption\">Hazard and exposure are independent within an event<\/td><td data-label=\"Why it is made\">Keeps the loss integral tractable<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is tested\">Compare with a copula fit on joint records<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Assumption\">Couplings are linear near the operating point<\/td><td data-label=\"Why it is made\">Lets shocks propagate through A<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is tested\">Perturb beyond the linear range and compare<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Assumption\">Vulnerability curves transfer between places<\/td><td data-label=\"Why it is made\">Local curves are rarely available<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is tested\">Validate against observed losses where they exist<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><dl class=\"nx-au-kv\"><div><dt>Inputs<\/dt><dd>versioned datasets with provenance<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Outputs<\/dt><dd>distributions, never single numbers<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Code<\/dt><dd>released with the model card and tests<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Reproduction<\/dt><dd>same data, code, environment and seed<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Standard risk and state-space formulations; the assumptions listed are typical of the method, stated for review, not results.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">FAIR guiding principles \u00b7 GO FAIR and FORCE11<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">W3C PROV \u00b7 World Wide Web Consortium<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Guidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties \u00b7 IPCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">CEOS Analysis Ready Data \u00b7 Committee on Earth Observation Satellites<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-mandate\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mandate and boundaries<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What Society and Human Development studies, and whose decisions it informs.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Society and Human Development, studies how risks and innovation affect people&#8217;s lives: poverty, population change, displacement, education, cohesion and wellbeing. Governments, humanitarian agencies and communities decide; the platform provides no humanitarian assistance and respects people&#8217;s rights over data about them.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Population and displacement figures appear only with their source and date; illustrations are marked as such.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-geography\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"social\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">People and exposure in Latin America and the Caribbean.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Population density, night lights and daytime surface heat over Latin America and the Caribbean, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"latin-america:social\" data-ml-feeds=\"eonet|https:\/\/eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/v3\/events\" data-ml-src=\"social\" data-ml-plan=\"p-3eebe1b4\" data-ml-view=\"2d\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:social\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.health.people gibs.energy.ntl gibs.health.lstd gibs.water.true gibs.food.cover gibs.health.no2 ev.eonet r.dist r.hls r.hbase r.urbex f.aq r.tropomi r.labels\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect measure aoi export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-social\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-social\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"-118,-56,-34,33\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"People and exposure, Latin America and the Caribbean: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"ntl,people||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Lights and people<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"people||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Population<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"ntl||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Night lights<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"lstd||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Surface heat<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">3<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">People and exposure, for this page<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"people\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Population density\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)\" data-wm-kind=\"Census-based estimate, static (2020)\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Population density, 2020<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University) Gridded Population of the World v4.11 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"estimated\" data-wm-lic=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-wm-unit=\"people\/km\u00b2\">Estimated<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"people\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.people\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Estimated<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University))<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>null; Census-based estimate, static (2020)<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Census-based estimate of people per square kilometre in 2020, shown as exposure context; not a count of people affected by any hazard.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"ntl\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.9\" data-wm-short=\"Night lights\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LAADS DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite radiance, corrected for moonlight and atmosphere\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Night-time lights, daily<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LAADS DAAC VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ntl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"nW\/(cm\u00b2 sr)\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"ntl\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.energy.ntl\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2) (NASA LAADS DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LAADS DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite radiance, corrected for moonlight and atmosphere<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite night-time radiance for the date shown; lights are a proxy for electricity use and outages, not a measurement of supply or access.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"lstd\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Land temperature, day\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite 8-day composite; persistent cloud still leaves gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"lstd\">14 Sep 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"\u00b0C\">Observed (persistent cloud still leaves gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"lstd\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.lstd\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (persistent cloud still leaves gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>8-day; Satellite 8-day composite; persistent cloud still leaves gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-09-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite skin temperature of the ground over the 8 days ending on the date shown, a heat exposure indicator; not air temperature, heat index or a heat warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"4\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.6\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite image\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">True colour<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"true\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.true\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite image<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"cover\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"24\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.7\" data-wm-short=\"Land cover\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land cover type (IGBP), yearly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"class\">Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"cover\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.cover\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2024-01-01<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"no2\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"25\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Nitrogen dioxide\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA GES DISC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite retrieval; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Nitrogen dioxide, lower atmosphere column<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA GES DISC OMI Aura \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"no2\">10 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"10\u00b9\u2075 molecules\/cm\u00b2\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"no2\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.no2\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>OMI Aura (NASA GES DISC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA GES DISC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite retrieval; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-10<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite column of nitrogen dioxide in the lower atmosphere on the day shown, mostly from combustion; not a ground-level concentration or a health warning.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" aria-label=\"Map controls\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-open\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-panel\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Layers\" title=\"Layers\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2.5l-6.5 3.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5zm-6.5 6.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5m-13 2.8 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"tools\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" title=\"Expert tools\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 4.5l10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-7.5-8.5 0 3m5 .5 0 3m-3.5.5 0 3\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-sep\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"in\" aria-label=\"Zoom in\" title=\"Zoom in\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 3v10M3 8h10\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"out\" aria-label=\"Zoom out\" title=\"Zoom out\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 8h10\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"reset\" aria-label=\"Reset the view\" title=\"Reset the view\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.2 8a4.8 4.8 0 1 0 1.5-3.5M3.2 2.6v2.6h2.6\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"full\" aria-label=\"Full screen\" title=\"Full screen\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M2.5 6l0-3.5 3.5 0m7.5 3.5 0-3.5-3.5 0m-7.5 7.5 0 3.5 3.5 0m7.5-3.5 0 3.5-3.5 0\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-menu\" id=\"nx-wm-menu\" role=\"menu\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"inspect\">Inspect a point<kbd>I<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"measure\">Measure distance<kbd>M<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"share\">Copy a link to this view<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"png\">Export as PNG with credits<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"xt\" data-wm-xt=\"NxAjSJ6JoGGZsXu22d+kvA4nR9AJ6Njy+\/Xy2FIyELw=\">More expert tools<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\">Keyboard shortcuts<kbd>?<\/kbd><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-keys\" role=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Keyboard shortcuts\" hidden><p class=\"nx-wm-keys-title\">Keyboard, with the map focused<\/p><dl class=\"nx-wm-keys-list\"><\/dl><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-keys-close\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\" aria-label=\"Close the shortcuts\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-hint\" hidden>Hold Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll to zoom<\/p><p class=\"nx-wm-toolbar\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-tip\" role=\"tooltip\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin\" hidden><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-pin-title\"><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"unpin\" aria-label=\"Close the card\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-chart\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-body\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-dock\"><div class=\"nx-wm-time\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Imagery date\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"prev\" aria-label=\"One day earlier\">\u2039<\/button><p class=\"nx-wm-time-label\">Latest available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>People and exposure, framed on Latin America and the Caribbean.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET \u00b7 NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.water-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"sedac.gpw-v4\">Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7927\/H49C6VHW\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.7927\/H49C6VHW<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.laads.black-marble\">VIIRS Black Marble night-time lights, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; distributed by the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.modis-viirs.land\">MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gesdisc.aura-omi-omps\">OMI nitrogen dioxide (Aura) and OMPS aerosol index (Suomi NPP), NASA; distributed by the NASA GES DISC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li><\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>Air quality forecast, 5 days, PM2.5 (CAMS via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service information 2026.<\/li><li>Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https:\/\/open-meteo.com\/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/).<\/li><li>Optional layers (9 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/li><li>Night-time lights, daily: VIIRS Black Marble (VNP46A2), NASA LAADS DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ntl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land surface temperature, day, 8-day composite: VIIRS NOAA-20 Level 3, 8-day, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"lstd\">14 Sep 2026<\/span><\/li><li>True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/li><li>Nitrogen dioxide, lower atmosphere column: OMI Aura, NASA GES DISC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"no2\">10 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-4\" data-hue=\"social\" aria-label=\"Across the domains, Reports, standards and contributions, What the platform does, Topics and chapters\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Across the domains, Reports, standards and contributions, What the platform does, Topics and chapters\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-nexus-couplings\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Across the domains<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-and-contributions\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-what-the-platform-does\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">What the platform does<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-topics-and-chapters\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Topics and chapters<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-nexus-couplings\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the domains<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">People experience all five domains at once.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><ul class=\"nx-dir\" data-cols=\"2\" aria-label=\"Domain\"><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Water<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Lack of safe water falls hardest on women and girls who collect it.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Energy<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Energy poverty limits heating, cooling, study and income.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Food<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Food insecurity tracks poverty and conflict.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Health<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Health outcomes follow social determinants.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Biodiversity<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Natural resource dependence makes ecosystem loss a livelihood shock.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-and-contributions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where social evidence goes.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Disaggregated analyses are designed for the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/series\/country-systems\/\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience series<\/a> and the Evidence Brief series. Survey-based series would keep consent and disclosure terms attached under the proposed <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ecosystem\/standards\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a>.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Communities can co-design studies.<\/li><li>Researchers can contribute evaluations with disaggregation.<\/li><li>Humanitarian organisations can share lessons on data responsibility.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-what-the-platform-does\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the platform does<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Societal evidence, measured carefully and used responsibly.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The platform develops socioeconomic indicators, vulnerability methods and mixed-methods research that show how risks reach people and how societies adapt, with uncertainty stated and with safeguards for the people whose lives are described.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M16 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M22 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87\"\/><path d=\"M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Profiles<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Human development profiles<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Structured evidence on population, inequality, health, education and protection, with sources and limits.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M15 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7Z\"\/><path d=\"M14 2v4a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4\"\/><path d=\"M10 9H8\"\/><path d=\"M16 13H8\"\/><path d=\"M16 17H8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Briefs<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Social vulnerability briefs<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Analysis of who is exposed to a risk, why, and what protections reach them.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M10 2v7.527a2 2 0 0 1-.211.896L4.72 20.55a1 1 0 0 0 .9 1.45h12.76a1 1 0 0 0 .9-1.45l-5.069-10.127A2 2 0 0 1 14 9.527V2\"\/><path d=\"M8.5 2h7\"\/><path d=\"M7 16h10\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Cases<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Community case studies<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Mixed-methods studies carried out with communities, under consent and ethical review.<\/p><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">GCRI is a research, development and policy institution. It does not regulate, certify, license or approve. Social protection, humanitarian and policy decisions remain with competent authorities and the communities concerned.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-topics-and-chapters\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-15\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">15<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topics and chapters<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Ten topics and three chapters.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ol class=\"nx-rows\"><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">01<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Poverty and inequality<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/topics\/poverty-and-inequality\/\">Exposure, distribution and social protection<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">02<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Demographic transitions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/topics\/demographic-transitions\/\">Ageing, migration and population change<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">03<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Human security and wellbeing<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/topics\/human-security-and-wellbeing\/\">Safety, rights, health and livelihoods<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">04<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Humanitarian and displacement<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/topics\/humanitarian-and-displacement\/\">Crisis, displacement and safeguarding<\/a>, with humanitarian <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-analysis\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Understanding the nature and level of risk, including likelihood, consequence, controls and uncertainty.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk analysis<\/a> under safeguards.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">05<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Education and capabilities<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/topics\/education-and-capabilities\/\">Learning inequality and societal opportunity<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">06<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Technology and social cohesion<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/topics\/technology-and-social-cohesion\/\">Trust, misinformation and public outcomes<\/a>, with media and information <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">07<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Urban social vulnerability<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/topics\/urban-social-vulnerability\/\">Community resilience and informal services<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">08<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Inclusive research ethics<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/topics\/inclusive-research-ethics\/\">Participation, consent and local knowledge<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-eyebrow nx-index\">09<\/span><div><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Chapters<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\" data-nav=\"inline\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/chapters\/media-and-information-systems\/\">Media and Information Systems<\/a>, <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/chapters\/humanitarian-risk-and-displacement\/\">Humanitarian Risk and Displacement<\/a> and <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/chapters\/population-and-demographic-futures\/\">Population and Demographic Futures<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-5\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"social\" aria-label=\"Grounding, Cycle, Six pillars, Frameworks\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Grounding, Cycle, Six pillars, Frameworks\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-grounding\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Grounding<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-cycle\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Cycle<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pillars\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Six pillars<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-frameworks\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Frameworks<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-grounding\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-16\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">16<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Grounding<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-16\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Built on named science, technology, engineering and mathematics.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Every claim on Society and Human Development rests on methods with a canonical page in the STEM Commons, so readers can see what a finding depends on and where its limits lie.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Social and behavioural science<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Causal inference and impact evaluation<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Spatial statistics and geostatistics<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Econometrics<\/span><\/div><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-3\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/stem\/\">See the STEM foundation of Society and Human Development<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-cycle\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-17\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">17<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Cycle<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-17\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How work moves in this field.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">A question becomes evidence, a governed build, an organised community, a controlled test, a reviewed publication and, finally, a decision taken by the competent authority under its own rules.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cycle-lanes\"><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Question<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a><\/span> National, regional or institutional priority. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/programmes\/\">Question in Society and Human Development<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Evidence<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> STEM foundation of the platform. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/stem\/\">Evidence in Society and Human Development<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Build<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Foundry. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/foundry\/\">Build in Society and Human Development<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Organise<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/organization\/architecture\/ii.-definitions\/i.-nexus-ecosystem\" data-tc=\"Nexus Ecosystem\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The whole of the institutions, pillars, systems and communities\">Nexus ecosystem<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/community\/\">Organise in Society and Human Development<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Test<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Universe (independent site). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/universe\/\">Test in Society and Human Development<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Publish<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a><\/span> Reports. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/reports\/\">Publish in Society and Human Development<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"authority\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Decide<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Competent authority<\/span> Competent authorities and institutions, through <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s18\" data-tc=\"NXS-RLS\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Participants, agreements and handoffs\" data-ts=\"NRS-S18\">NXS-RLS (participants, agreements and handoffs)<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/trust\/\">Decide in Society and Human Development<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Renew<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Corrections and the next annual agenda. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/programmes\/\">Renew in Society and Human Development<\/a><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Each step of the cycle in the pillar it runs in; the decision stays with the competent authority, outside the programme.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"authority\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Competent authority (outside the programme)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pillars\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-18\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">18<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Six pillars<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-18\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How this works across the six pillars.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Society and Human Development works through six pillars of one annual programme, led by the Nexus Consortium, with GCRI, the Global Risks Forum (GRF) and the Global Risks Alliance (GRA) each contributing in its role: explore, experiment and prototype in <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/labs\" data-tc=\"Labs\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The research pillar of the programme, one of six (OR-11, OR-12)\">Labs<\/a>, build, simulate and prepare in Foundry, convene and test in Universe, codify, correct and apply in <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>, publish in every format in Reports, teach in the open in Risk Academy.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-pl-ring nx-canvas-wrap\" data-pl-hex=\"true\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig nx-phex\" data-nx-phex=\"012345\" data-phex-ctx=\"whole\" data-phex=\"{&quot;S&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;L&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Experiments&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Turns open questions into designed experiments&quot;,&quot;Prototypes new methods, data pipelines and tools&quot;,&quot;Records failures and limits alongside results&quot;,&quot;Hands reproducible prototypes to the Foundry&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;F&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Builds&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/foundry\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Builds the cycle's software, data and environments&quot;,&quot;Simulates scenarios and runs benchmarks&quot;,&quot;Monitors hazards, systems and evidence&quot;,&quot;Develops and tracks the National Portfolio&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;U&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Convenes and tests&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/universe\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/universe.nexus\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Sets the annual mandate and admits missions&quot;,&quot;Runs readiness, the controlled build and Action Week&quot;,&quot;Stands down temporary capacity and seals evidence&quot;,&quot;Reviews the year and renews the mandate&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;S&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Standards&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Nexus Standards&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Codify and correct&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Identifies every artefact with a UNI&quot;,&quot;Routes work to the standards that apply&quot;,&quot;Validates and monitors conformance evidence&quot;,&quot;Takes cycle findings as change proposals&quot;,&quot;Records national adoption&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;R&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Publishes&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/reports\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes four editions a year, with Q4 as the annual flagship&quot;,&quot;Maintains country and regional profiles&quot;,&quot;Publishes exponential technology streams&quot;,&quot;Records corrections and method changes&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;academy&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;A&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Academy&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Risk Academy&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Teaches&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/health-society\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes a course for every system, standard and programme role&quot;,&quot;Assesses learning on real cycle tasks&quot;,&quot;Issues microcredentials and achievements through accountable issuers&quot;,&quot;Feeds qualified people into the next cycle&quot;]}],&quot;H&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F01&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision case&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F02&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Core Build Report and go or no-go evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F03&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F04&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F05&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;National Portfolio movement for chapter 11&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F06&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Method and correction findings as change proposals&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F07&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Docket items that need a standard or a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F08&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Composed mission profiles and national adoption records&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F09&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each adopted standard or profile becomes a course module&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F10&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F11&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Qualified participants for the next cycle's roles&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F12&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F13&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Validation and monitoring evidence for conformance review&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F14&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a learning-by-doing course&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R1&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Applied in editions&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R2&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Taught in the open&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R3&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:0,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Questions become experiments&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R4&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:0,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Tested prototypes are built&quot;}],&quot;PH&quot;:[[&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;Planning&quot;],[&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;Readiness preparation&quot;],[&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;Controlled build&quot;],[&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;Closeout&quot;],[&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;After-action review&quot;],[&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;Correction&quot;],[&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;Docket review&quot;],[&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;Renewal&quot;]],&quot;L&quot;:[[1,3],[1,2],[2,5],[2,4],[1,5,2],[1,4,3],[1,4,2],[1,2,3],[2,3,5],[1,5,2,3],[1,4,2,3],[1,3,5,2],[1,2,4,3],[2,4,3,5],[1,5,2,4,3],[1,4,3,5,2],[0,1,2,3,4,5]],&quot;CTX&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;whole&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;The whole programme&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3,4,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year's feedback loops.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;practice&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;From prototype to practice&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;A Labs prototype is built in the Foundry, tested in a Universe mission and codified as a standard.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;build-test&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Build and test&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;The Foundry builds what a mission needs; Universe returns the go or no-go evidence.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;conformance&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Conformance&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Validation evidence goes to Standards for review; composed profiles come back for the next build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;correction&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;A finding becomes a correction&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,4,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Observations are published, a method finding becomes a change proposal, the corrected profile returns to the build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mandate&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Setting the next mandate&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,4],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;After-action findings go into the editions; the Q4 synthesis informs next year's mandate.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;people&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;People for the next cycle&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence; qualified participants take roles in the next cycle.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;learning&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Learning by doing&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a course; learners join missions, and missions return to the Foundry.&quot;}]}\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-plate\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Routes through the programme\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span>Select pillars \u00b7 hover lines<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">18 \/ 18 handoffs<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"The six pillars of the Consortium's programme: 18 of 18 handoffs in play, 17 feedback loops closed.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-phex-legend\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span><i class=\"nx-phex-k1\"><\/i>handoff in play<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-phex-k2\"><\/i>recorded handoff<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-phex-k3\"><\/i>no direct handoff<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-phex-phase\" hidden><p class=\"nx-phex-phh\"><span class=\"nx-phex-phk\">Programme year<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-pn\">All phases<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-phex-steps\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Phases of the programme year\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"play\">Play the year<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"allph\">All phases<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Route<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">The whole programme<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year&#8217;s feedback loops.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>L<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>U<\/span> \u00b7 <span>S<\/span> \u00b7 <span>R<\/span> \u00b7 <span>A<\/span><\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Pillars<\/dt><dd><strong>6<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Handoffs<\/dt><dd><strong>18<\/strong> <small>of 18<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Loops<\/dt><dd><strong>17<\/strong> <small>closed<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><h3 class=\"nx-nsig-dh\">Handoffs in play<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-nsig-rel nx-phex-rel\"><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F01<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Universe \u2192 Foundry<\/b> \u00b7 Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision case<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">Readiness preparation<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F02<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Foundry \u2192 Universe<\/b> \u00b7 Core Build Report and go or no-go evidence<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">Controlled build<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F03<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Foundry \u2192 Reports<\/b> \u00b7 Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">Closeout<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F04<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Universe \u2192 Reports<\/b> \u00b7 After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">After-action review<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-nsig-hint\">and 14 more<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" data-phex-acts=\"true\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"all\">Whole ring<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-phex-act=\"copy\">Copy route<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">F01 to F14 are the recorded handoffs of the programme year, each with the artefact that moves and its phase; R1, R2, R3 and R4 carry work around the ring. A loop counts when every pillar on it is selected. Every pillar is led by the Nexus Consortium.<\/figcaption><\/figure><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Labs<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where questions become experiments and prototypes: new methods, data and tools are tried in the open, with their limits on record, before the Foundry builds them, under the Nexus Consortium.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Foundry<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where methods, data and models become reproducible builds, each run with its inputs, version and limits on record.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/foundry\/\">Society and Human Development in Foundry<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Universe<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where a build is tested under controlled conditions with independent evaluators, so a method&#8217;s skill is measured, not assumed.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/universe\/\">Society and Human Development in Universe<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">universe.nexus<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where methods, identifiers and data schemas are codified in the open and corrected when a test finds a fault.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/\">Governance, Security and Society in Standards<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">nexustandards.com<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where findings are published with their method, uncertainty and evidence class, and corrected as new versions.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/reports\/\">Society and Human Development in Reports<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Risk Academy<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where methods and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> are taught on real data and real places, by working the case, on Risk Academy.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/health-society\/\">Faculty of Health and Society in Academy<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">risksacademy.com<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-frameworks\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-19\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">19<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Frameworks<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-19\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What the work is read against.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The platform does not set standards. It reads its evidence against the frameworks that competent bodies have adopted, so a finding can be placed where a decision-maker already works.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Framework or standard<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it sets<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Human Development Report concepts and the capability approach<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">UNDP Human Development Report Office<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Development as the expansion of people&#8217;s freedoms and capabilities, with measures beyond income<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Global Multidimensional Poverty Index methodology<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">UNDP and the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Measuring overlapping deprivations in health, education and living standards<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Sustainable Development Goals 1, 4, 5 and 10<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">United Nations<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Targets on poverty, education, gender equality and reduced inequality<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Human security concept, General Assembly resolution 66\/290<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">United Nations General Assembly<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">A common understanding of human security as freedom from fear, want and indignity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Global Compact on Refugees and Global Compact for Migration<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">United Nations General Assembly<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Frameworks for responsibility-sharing for refugees and for safe, orderly migration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Core Humanitarian Standard on Quality and Accountability<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">CHS Alliance, Groupe URD and Sphere<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Commitments to quality and accountability to affected people in humanitarian action<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Fundamental principles for national statistical <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> (resolution 68\/261)<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">United Nations General Assembly<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Principles for independent, confidential and high-quality published statistics<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Belmont Report and the Declaration of Helsinki<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">US National Commission and World Medical Association<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Ethical principles for research involving human participants<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">UNESCO<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Principles for open, inclusive and equitable science, including participation of communities<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-6\" data-hue=\"social\" aria-label=\"Consortium, Sources, Pages, Connected\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Consortium, Sources, Pages, Connected\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-6-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-consortium\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Consortium<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-6-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Sources<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-6-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-22-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Pages<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-6-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-23-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Connected<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-consortium\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-20\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-6-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">20<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Consortium<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-20\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The same field, seen three ways.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">GCRI studies a field as science, GRF governs it and GRA builds shared financial understanding of it. Society and Human Development links to its counterparts so that work on one side is visible on the others.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><ul class=\"nx-dir\" data-cols=\"3\" aria-label=\"Platform\"><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/information-integrity\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Information Integrity and Public Trust<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRF<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Information and public trust, Society and human development<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/institutional-funds-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Institutional Funds Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRA<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Society and human development<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-21\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-6-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">21<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-21\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page&#8217;s references lead.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/hdr.undp.org\/content\/human-development-report-2025\"><span>Human Development Report 2025 (UNDP, 2025)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/about-unhcr\/who-we-are\/global-compact-refugees\"><span>Global Compact on Refugees (United Nations, 2018)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.corehumanitarianstandard.org\/\"><span>Core Humanitarian Standard on Quality and Accountability, 2024 edition<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/humansecurity\/\"><span>UN General Assembly resolution 66\/290 on human security (2012)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\"><span>Nexus Standards, the proposed NS series (nexustandards.com)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-22-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-22\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-6-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">22<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Pages<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-22\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Pages in Society and Human Development.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cards\" data-cols=\"3\"><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/about\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Mandate and publisher<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/field\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Field overview<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/research\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Research and evidence<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/innovation\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Innovation and practical technology<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/programmes\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Programmes and projects<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/tools\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Data and technical methods<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/community\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Specialist community<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/learning\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Learning and professional development<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/events\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Events and technical dialogues<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/publications\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Research and publications<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/participate\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Participation paths<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Contact the specialist team<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/trust\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Trust, rights and status<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/stem\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">STEM foundation of Society and Human Development<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/chapters\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Chapters<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/cycle\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">How work moves in this field<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/foundry\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Build in Foundry<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/universe\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Test in Universe<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/reports\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Publish in Reports<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/counterparts\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">The same field across the Consortium<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/topics\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Topics<\/h3><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-23-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-23\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-6-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">23<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connected<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-23\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page leads across the Consortium.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/fields\/society\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Field gateway<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Society and human development<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/fields\/information\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Field gateway<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Information and public trust<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-7\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"social\" aria-label=\"Questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-7-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-24-sec\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-s-24-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"social\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-24\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-7-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">24<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-24\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>Who publishes Society and Human Development?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) publishes Society and Human Development and is responsible for what it publishes. GCRI is a research, development and policy institution. It is not a regulator, and it does not certify, license or approve; its findings carry their methods and uncertainty.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is Society and Human Development active?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Society and Human Development is an established platform of The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation. Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How can I contribute?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Start with <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/participate\/\">the participation paths<\/a> or write to the contact form. An enquiry receives a reference; it does not create membership, a role or an assignment.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Where are findings published?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Reviewed outputs appear on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/publications\/\">the publications page<\/a>, and contributions to the Reports series are listed on Publish in Reports.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which values on this platform are real?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Indicator names, units, sources, methods and frameworks are real. Levels in figures and canvases are examples in a design. A programme replaces them with labelled evidence it owns.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How do I report an error?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Use <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/trust\/corrections\/\">corrections and concerns<\/a>, or write to the integrity concern form. A correction is recorded as a new version, never a silent edit.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is the platform operating?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">It is an established platform. Information and enquiries are open today, and no profile, brief or case study is published until it has passed review.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does the platform rank countries or communities?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. It publishes evidence with methods and uncertainty. A profile describes conditions; it is not a judgement of a government or a community.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"social\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Society and Human Development<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Evidence Brief<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/human-development#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scn-h-g-p16\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">How it works<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-scn-h-g-p16\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">How Society and Human Development works.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede nx-mt-2\">Choose a view and press Play to follow the platform&#8217;s process, its programme year, the standards it applies and how its findings are published. The outline shows how the work is designed to run, not the status of any decision.<\/p><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><div class=\"nx-pe\" id=\"nx-pe-g-p16\" data-nx-pe=\"nx-pe-g-p16\" data-active=\"platforms\"><div class=\"nx-pe-shell\"><p class=\"nx-pe-eb\">Society and Human Development<\/p><h2 class=\"nx-pe-title\">How Society and Human Development works<\/h2><p class=\"nx-pe-others\"><span aria-current=\"true\">Platforms<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Programme year<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Standards<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Reports<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-pe-cap\">A platform joins a field to named methods, labelled evidence and the outputs it publishes, without becoming the authority it serves.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pe-steps\"><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">01 Scope<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Field and families<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Start \u00b7 The platform lead<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The home states the field, its families and who it serves.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Topic dossiers<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 Platform authors<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Topics explain the subject with labelled evidence.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">02 Evidence<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Evidence labels<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Each value is labelled: observed, published statistics, estimated, modelled, scenario or unknown.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 Method owners<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Methods come from the STEM Commons, each with one canonical page.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">03 Work<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Scenarios on the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Model \u00b7 Foundry pillar<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Scenarios run on the Nexus systems, labelled as scenario.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Standards that apply<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The platform names the standards that apply. A validator report is evidence for review.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">04 Publish<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Editions<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Findings are published through Reports with their limits.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Authority decides<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Outcome \u00b7 The competent authority<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Decisions and execution stay with the government, operator or licensed institution.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-pe-foot\"><span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Society and Human Development home<\/a> \u00b7 Platforms \u00b7 Shared methods<\/span><span>An outline of how the work is designed to run; it does not report the status of any decision or record.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-human-development\" data-nx-takepart=\"GCRI\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-human-development-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Take part<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-human-development-h\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Take part in Society and Human Development.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede nx-mt-2\">Start from who you are. Answer an open call. Or form and lead a competence cell on the Society and Human Development platform.<\/p><div class=\"nx-mt-3\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"routes\"><div class=\"nx-tablist\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Ways to take part\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-human-development-tab-routes\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-human-development-panel-routes\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"routes\">Routes<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-human-development-tab-calls\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-human-development-panel-calls\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"calls\">Open calls<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-human-development-tab-cell\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-human-development-panel-cell\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"cell\">Cells and CERTs<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-human-development-tab-index\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-human-development-panel-index\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"index\">The Index<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-human-development-panel-routes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-human-development-tab-routes\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">National institutions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Ministries, statistics offices and agencies: a national desk and chapter, and a seat in the working groups. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/national-chapters\/\">National chapters<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Sectors and professions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Operators, regulators, banks, insurers and professional bodies whose work touches Society and Human Development. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/participate\/\">Participate<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Learning<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Courses and practice, with a record of every course completed. Free to study. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/open-learning\/\">Open learning<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Standards<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Draft, review and adopt the methods and data standards with the working groups. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/working-groups\/\">Working groups<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Communities and research<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Universities, civil society and individual experts: projects, data and review. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/contact\/\">Write to the team<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-human-development-panel-calls\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-human-development-tab-calls\" hidden><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-nx-calls=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Open call<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Seeks<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Closes<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-closes=\"2026-12-15\"><td>Founding call for experts to the working groups <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-FOUNDING-EXPERTS<\/span><\/td><td>expert, editor, chair<\/td><td>2026-12-15<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2026-12-01\"><td>Open nomination for the three independent expert seats of the Global Standards Council <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-GSC-IND<\/span><\/td><td>council-member<\/td><td>2026-12-01<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2026-12-15\"><td>Nominations of interim regional members (applies only if the transitional provision is decided) <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-GSC-REG<\/span><\/td><td>council-member<\/td><td>2026-12-15<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-01-31\"><td>Review of the wave-1 risk core outlines (C1, C2, C3, C4, C8, C10, C11) <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-REVIEW-WAVE1<\/span><\/td><td>contributor<\/td><td>2027-01-31<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-01-31\"><td>Experts for the core standards of risk science: uncertainty and evidence grading, scales, structured expert judgement, tolerability, extremes and compound events, catastrophic and existential risk, ethics and equity, units and measurement (NRS-C17 to NRS-C24) <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-CORE-SCIENCE<\/span><\/td><td>expert, editor, chair<\/td><td>2027-01-31<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-03-31\"><td>Independent reviewers for the families of the hazard atlas, three from at least two regions for each family (NHS2-R19), priority families first <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-ATLAS-REVIEW<\/span><\/td><td>expert<\/td><td>2027-03-31<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2026-11-30\"><td>Members of the interim Frontier Safety Review Panel and red-team reviewers (biosafety and biosecurity, AI safety and security, critical-infrastructure security); applications treated in confidence <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-FRONTIER-SAFETY-REVIEW<\/span><\/td><td>expert<\/td><td>2026-11-30<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-01-31\"><td>Experts in ontology, metrology, software verification and conformity assessment for the requirement register, the NHS-2 machine representation, the conformance test suites and the conformity assessment scheme <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-CONFORMANCE-ONTOLOGY<\/span><\/td><td>expert, editor<\/td><td>2027-01-31<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note\">Calls past their closing date are hidden automatically. Every call, proposal and route: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/open-areas-and-calls\/\">open areas and calls<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-human-development-panel-cell\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-human-development-tab-cell\" hidden><div class=\"nx-panel-split\"><ol class=\"nx-terms\"><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Gather the cell<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Bring together three to seven people with complementary skills: data, field practice, policy and communication.<\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Register it<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Write to the team with the cell&#8217;s name, members, area and region. You receive a reference and a contact. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/contact\/\">Write to the team<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Choose a charter<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Pick one focus: research and evidence, data and maps, standards review, or community preparedness.<\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Learn together<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Follow shared study paths at Risk Academy, with practice and a record of every course completed. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/hazards-resilience\/\">Hazards and resilience<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Lead and report<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Hold regular sessions. Publish what the cell learns through Reports. Bring findings to the working groups. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/working-groups\/\">Working groups<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-callout nx-panel-aside\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-human-development-cert\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-human-development-cert\">Specialise as a Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">A CERT prepares its neighbourhood for the hazards it faces. It builds a local hazard profile from this site&#8217;s map. It trains in household and street preparedness. It learns first aid and light search through recognised local providers, and it runs drills.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">A CERT works alongside the local emergency services and follows their direction. It never replaces them and is not an emergency service.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-human-development-panel-index\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-human-development-tab-index\" hidden><p class=\"nx-panel-lead\">What a national team or a local community can do on The Global Risks Index (<a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s6\" data-tc=\"NXS-GRX\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Canonical data, provenance and risk\" data-ts=\"NRS-S6\">NXS-GRX<\/a>) today.<\/p><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"4\"><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Your country&#8217;s profile<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Open risk profiles for 195 countries, with sources and licences on every value. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Correct or reply<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Correct a value or reply for your country. The change is logged with its effect. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Offer data<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Offer a dataset. It enters through the licence gate, with your credit. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Use the open data<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Layers, profiles and tiles through the open API. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"social\" id=\"nx-grix-therisk-global-human-development\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-nx-grix=\"social:latin-america\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-grix-therisk-global-human-development-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The Global Risks Index<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-grix-therisk-global-human-development-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Every figure on this page is indexed: society, demography, health, Latin America and the Caribbean.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The Index is the Consortium&#8217;s indexing system for risk data. Every indicator, hazard, series and country profile carries its <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> identifier, its source and its licence, so what this page shows can be traced, corrected and reused.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix\"><ol class=\"nx-grix-rail\" aria-label=\"The data pipeline\"><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">01 \u00b7 Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">205 registered sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">Every value keeps its source and licence; withheld values are counted.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/data\/\">Data and licences<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">02 \u00b7 Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">NIS-1 and NHS-1<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">451 indicators, 905 hazards; every record carries a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a>.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">03 \u00b7 The Index<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">54 series, 195 country profiles<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">Computed on the standards; no value is published until an edition is released.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">The Global Risks Index<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">04 \u00b7 This page<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">Society and Human Development<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">Maps, figures and feeds read the Index in the context of society, demography, health and Latin America and the Caribbean.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/developers\/\">Public API<\/a><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nx-grix-kpis\"><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">205<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">registered, each with its licence<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">451<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">NIS-1, 106 composites, 20 domain indices<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">905<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">NHS-1, crosswalked to UNDRR-ISC HIPs<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Series<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">54<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">global, sector, strategic, technology, thematic<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Country profiles<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">195<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">one site per country<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-grid\"><div class=\"nx-grix-col\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Series in this context <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">society, demography, health<\/span><\/h3><ol class=\"nx-grix-ledger\"><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">GS<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/gs-06\/\">Global Development<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">Poverty, inequality, human development, demographic pressure and displacement as the ground on which shocks become losses.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000064<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Society \u00b7 Demography \u00b7 Health<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">GLB<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/global\/\">Global Systems<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">The state of interdependent <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 global-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Nexus risk class: a risk whose hazard, consequences or causal chain crosses national borders and acts at continental or planetary scale, so that no single country can assess or manage it alone.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">global risk<\/a>: the twenty domain indices aggregated to the world, the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> (water, energy, food, health, biodiversity) and their couplings, the global tail register and the gap\u2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000002<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Society \u00b7 Health \u00b7 Demography<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">GS<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/gs-04\/\">Global Health<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">Health security capacity, epidemic emergence and spread, heat and air-quality burden, health system stress and access.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000062<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Health \u00b7 Society \u00b7 Demography<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">SR<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/sr-02\/\">Conflict, fragility and human security<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">Conflict risk and escalation, fragility, organised violence, civilian harm and the conflict\u2013climate\u2013food\u2013displacement nexus.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000075<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Governance \u00b7 Demography \u00b7 Society<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-grix-foot\" data-nav=\"inline\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/\">All 54 series<\/a> \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/indices\/\">The 20 domain indices<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-col nx-grix-side\"><div class=\"nx-grix-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Country profiles <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">Latin America and the Caribbean<\/span><\/h3><div class=\"nx-grix-chips\"><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/arg\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">ARG<\/span>Argentina<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/atg\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">ATG<\/span>Antigua and Barbuda<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/bhs\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">BHS<\/span>Bahamas<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/blz\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">BLZ<\/span>Belize<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/bol\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">BOL<\/span>Bolivia (Plurinational State of)<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/bra\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">BRA<\/span>Brazil<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/brb\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">BRB<\/span>Barbados<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/can\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">CAN<\/span>Canada<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/chl\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">CHL<\/span>Chile<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/col\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">COL<\/span>Colombia<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/cri\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">CRI<\/span>Costa Rica<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/cub\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">CUB<\/span>Cuba<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/dma\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">DMA<\/span>Dominica<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/dom\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">DOM<\/span>Dominican Republic<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/ecu\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">ECU<\/span>Ecuador<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/grd\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">GRD<\/span>Grenada<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/gtm\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">GTM<\/span>Guatemala<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/guy\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">GUY<\/span>Guyana<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hnd\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">HND<\/span>Honduras<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hti\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">HTI<\/span>Haiti<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/jam\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">JAM<\/span>Jamaica<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/kna\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">KNA<\/span>Saint Kitts and Nevis<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/lca\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">LCA<\/span>Saint Lucia<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/mex\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">MEX<\/span>Mexico<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/nic\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">NIC<\/span>Nicaragua<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/pan\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">PAN<\/span>Panama<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/per\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">PER<\/span>Peru<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/pry\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">PRY<\/span>Paraguay<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/slv\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">SLV<\/span>El Salvador<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/sur\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">SUR<\/span>Suriname<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/tto\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">TTO<\/span>Trinidad and Tobago<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/ury\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">URY<\/span>Uruguay<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/usa\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">USA<\/span>United States of America<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/vct\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">VCT<\/span>Saint Vincent and the Grenadines<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/ven\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">VEN<\/span>Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/countries\/\">all country profiles<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nx-grix-foot\">Every country profile carries the source and licence of each value. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/contribute\/\">Correct a value or reply<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Hazard domains <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">NHS-1<\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"nx-grix-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/health\/\">Health and biosecurity<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000143<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/soc\/\">Society, conflict and economy<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000147<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Geodata and API <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">open<\/span><\/h3><p class=\"nx-grix-m\">Open layers on an equal-area hexagon grid, shown as densities per km\u00b2 or as symbols: <span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">People \u00b7 GHSL 2025<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">People \u00b7 WorldPop 2025<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Built-up area<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Ports<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Airports<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Roads<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Railways<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Rivers and lake centrelines<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-grix-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/observatory\/\">Risk Observatory map<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">open<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-grix-m\"><code class=\"nx-grix-code\">\/api\/v1\/public\/grix<\/code> \u00b7 <code class=\"nx-grix-code\">https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/{uni}<\/code><br><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/developers\/\">Developers<\/a> \u00b7 Data \u00b7 Made with Natural Earth, Public domain; GHSL and WorldPop, CC BY 4.0<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-grix-note\">Snapshot of the Index registries pinned 2026-10-23 \u00b7 22c6eed. Research and risk-analytics information: not a rating, an official classification, a warning, a benchmark or advice.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-human-development-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-human-development-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-human-development-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/the-nexus-cycle\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> The cycle<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/health-society\/human-development\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Human development, poverty and inequality<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/political-and-governance-risk-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Political and governance risk standards<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><nav class=\"nx-deeper nx-hubs\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-human-development-hubs-h\" data-nx-hubs=\"4\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-human-development-hubs-h\">The same subject across the Consortium<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/policy\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Policy:<\/span> Policy Nexus<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/society\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Governance, Security and Society<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/health-society\/human-development\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Learn:<\/span> Human development, poverty and inequality<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/sr-06\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Index:<\/span> Displacement and demographic change series<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-25\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Society and Human Development<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-25\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring a method, a dataset or a question.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/write-to-us\/research-collaboration\/\">Propose a method <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-legal-26\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Legal<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-legal-26\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Legal documents.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Legal documents\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/terms\/\">Platform Terms of Use <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/privacy\/\">Platform Privacy Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/cookies\/\">Platform Cookie and Storage Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/legal-notice\/\">Legal Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/acceptable-use\/\">Acceptable Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/participation-terms\/\">Participation and Events Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/contribution-terms\/\">Contribution Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/research-and-data-terms\/\">Research and Data Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/ai-use\/\">AI-use Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/intellectual-property\/\">Intellectual Property and Licensing <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/trademark-policy\/\">Trademark and Name Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/disclaimer\/\">Disclaimers and Data Notices <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/corrections\/\">Corrections and Right of Reply Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/complaints-and-integrity\/\">Complaints and integrity reporting <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/security\/\">Security and responsible disclosure <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/code-of-conduct\/\">Code of Conduct <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/trust\/accessibility\/\">Accessibility Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/third-party-notices\/\">Third-party notices and attributions <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Maps, data and figures on this site are shown for context and general information. They are not advice, forecasts or warnings; the limits of the information are set out in the Disclaimers and Data Notices.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/#faq\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/human-development\/#webpage\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who publishes Society and Human Development?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) publishes Society and Human Development and is responsible for what it publishes. GCRI is a research, development and policy institution. 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