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\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offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><div class=\"nrp\"><div class=\"nrp-wrap\"><p class=\"nrj-draft\" data-nrj-shared=\"draft\" role=\"note\"><strong>Draft, not yet released.<\/strong> In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.<\/p><article class=\"nrp-flow\"><header class=\"nrp-hero\"><div class=\"nrp-hero-grid\"><div><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Baseline Edition 2026<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Complete edition<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 class=\"pp-hero-title nrp-hero-title-l\">Global Biodiversity Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of the World\u2019s Biodiversity and Ecosystems.<\/h1><p class=\"nrp-lede\"><\/p><div class=\"nrp-actions\"><button class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" type=\"button\" data-nrp-act=\"print\" hidden><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 18H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><path d=\"M6 9V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6\"\/><rect x=\"6\" y=\"14\" width=\"12\" height=\"8\" rx=\"1\"\/><\/svg>Print or save as PDF<\/button><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19 12H5\"\/><path d=\"m12 19-7-7 7-7\"\/><\/svg>Edition home<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nrp-note nrp-noprint\">Choose A4 or Letter in the print dialog; running heads and page numbers are added in print. This is a review copy: the signed PDF with its DOI is issued at release.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nrp-cover\"><div class=\"nrp-cover-top\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GS-11<\/span><\/div><span class=\"nrp-cover-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"nrp-cover-k\">Global Sector Risk and Resilience<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-t\">Global Biodiversity 2026<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-s\"><\/p><div class=\"nrp-cover-foot\"><span>Baseline Edition 2026<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><span><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> for the Nexus Consortium<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block nrp-imprint\" aria-label=\"Imprint\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Imprint<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor, the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto<\/dd><dt>Report number<\/dt><dd class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026, cut DC-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-B0<\/dd><dt>Status<\/dt><dd>Draft under stewardship review; not yet released<\/dd><dt>DOI and UNI<\/dt><dd>Issued at deposit<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>CC BY 4.0 for Nexus-authored text, tables and figures; third-party material keeps its own licence<\/dd><dt>Cite as<\/dt><dd>Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Global Biodiversity Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of the World\u2019s Biodiversity and Ecosystems. (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" aria-label=\"Contents\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Contents<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">\u00b7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-part-summary\">Executive summary<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-part-coupled-system\">Chapter 1. Nature is the layer under every other system<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-part-findings\">Chapter 2. Key findings<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-part-systems-and-sectors\">Chapter 3. Systems and sectors at baseline<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-part-risk-and-capability\">Chapter 4. Risks and capability<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-part-scenario\">Chapter 5. Hot, fire-prone season with land conversion and mining expansion<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-part-lenses-and-readings\">Chapter 6. Readings from the other desks<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-part-agenda\">Chapter 7. The 2027 agenda<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">8<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-part-systems-in-depth\">Chapter 8. Systems in depth<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-part-methodology\">Annex A. Methodology<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-part-data\">Annex B. Data appendix<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-part-references\">Annex C. References and record<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-part-summary\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/\">Global Biodiversity 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Executive summary<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Executive summary<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The edition on a few pages: the abstract, the key messages, the headline finding and what each steward reads in it.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>13 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.1<\/span><span>Abstract<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>The world enters 2027 with a biodiversity framework in force and a first review that shows implementation behind its 2030 targets. The IUCN Red List now covers 175,909 species, of which 49,505 are threatened with extinction<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>. The IPBES Global Assessment estimated that around 1 million of 8 million animal and plant species face extinction, that 75% of the land surface is significantly altered and that over 85% of wetland area has been lost<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>. Gross <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a> fell to 10.9 million hectares a year in 2015 to 2025, from 17.6 million in 1990 to 2000<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>, and tropical primary forest loss fell 36% in 2025 from the record of 2024, yet stays 46% above its level of a decade ago<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>. Bleaching-level heat stress reached about 84% of the world\u2019s coral reef area between early 2023 and mid-2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup>. Money flows the wrong way: IPBES estimated USD 7.3 trillion of flows with direct negative impacts on nature in 2023 against about USD 220 billion for conservation and sustainable use<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>. Parties reported USD 32.7 billion of biodiversity finance from all sources in 2023 against a 2030 goal of USD 200 billion a year<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>. Of 162 Parties with aligned national targets, fewer than half reported any national target on track<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. Post-close, context only: a draft COP17 decision of 29 October 2026 notes with deep concern that the 2030 targets will not be achieved unless implementation accelerates<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>. It supports no baseline claim. This baseline sets out what the evidence supports and where it is thin. It ranks no country and recommends no policy.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.2<\/span><span>Key messages<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Six readings that frame the biodiversity baseline, and the eight questions this edition answers, each with its status and source.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-km\"><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">The Red List counts 49,505 threatened species of 175,909 assessed; IPBES estimated around 1 million of 8 million.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How many species are at risk?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">About 18.4% of terrestrial and inland waters, 23.2% of marine areas under national jurisdiction and 10% of the global ocean were protected or conserved in 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How much land and sea is protected?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Gross <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a> is lower than in 1990 to 2000 but still 10.9 million hectares a year.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Is forest loss falling?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">About 84% of reef area was exposed to bleaching-level heat stress in 2023 to 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What is happening to reefs?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">USD 7.3 trillion in flows with negative impacts against about USD 220 billion for nature.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Where does the money go?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">No. Fewer than half of reporting Parties report national targets on track for any global target.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Is the Framework on track?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Most mining areas target materials needed for renewable energy, and some overlap protected sites.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Do minerals add pressure?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Heat, fire and land conversion at the same time. SCN-GS11-HEAT-01<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What will 2027 test first?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.3<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-006<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">In 2023, global public and private flows with direct negative impacts on nature were estimated at USD 7.3 trillion, against about USD 220 billion directed to conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure S.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-fig1-t\">Financial flows linked to nature, 2023 (USD billion)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Private flows with direct negative impacts<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">4,900<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Environmentally harmful public subsidies<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"49.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">2,400<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Directed to conservation and sustainable use<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"4.5\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">220<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: IPBES Business and Biodiversity assessment, summary for policymakers<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>. The Nexus assessment gave USD 7 trillion, USD 5.3 trillion private, USD 1.7 trillion in public subsidies and USD 200 billion for nature<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figure><p class=\"nrp-p\">The two IPBES assessments agree on the order of magnitude and differ in the split and the year. Harmful flows are about 33 times the flows directed to nature, so closing the Framework finance gap of USD 700 billion a year depends on redirecting existing flows as much as on new money<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>. Fewer than 1% of publicly reporting companies mention their impacts on biodiversity in their reports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.4<\/span><span>At a glance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">28<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of assessed species threatened, 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">18.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>terrestrial area protected or conserved, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">10.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million ha<\/span><p>gross <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a> a year<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">84<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>reef area hit by heat stress<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">7.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">USD trillion<\/span><p>harmful flows, 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">32.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">USD billion<\/span><p>reported biodiversity finance, 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.5<\/span><span>What each steward reads in it<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports reading biodiversity as the foundation layer of the WEFH+B system.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people nature loss shows up as higher food prices, poorer harvests, smoke and lost places.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Flows with negative impacts are far larger than flows for nature, disclosure is thin and finance reported against the Framework is below its goal.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>Biodiversity is well measured at the level of species counts, forest area and finance flows, and thinly measured at the level of ecosystem condition and indicator coverage.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.6<\/span><span>What this edition is, and is not<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What this edition is<\/h3><p>A baseline: the 2026 state of the world\u2019s biodiversity and ecosystems and the couplings through which it carries risk into other <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. It synthesises published evidence and ranks no country, company or asset.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What it is not<\/h3><p>Not a conservation-performance ranking, a species forecast, a land-use recommendation or an assessment of any government, company, protected area or programme. Conservation law, land-use planning and nature finance rest with national authorities, communities, companies and the parties to the relevant conventions.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What comes next<\/h3><p>National, regional and sector evidence feeds the 2027 biodiversity edition through the federation. Each edition reports what changed against this baseline: observations, source revisions, method changes, scenario updates and corrections.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>IUCN, From desert frog to deep-sea molluscs, remarkable species at risk: IUCN Red List (press release on the 2026-1 update), Gland, 9 July 2026. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn, 2019. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2019 (evidence mostly to 2016). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>FAO, Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a> slows, but forests remain under pressure (Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025 key findings), Rome, 21 October 2025. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Observation year 2025 (assessment period 1990 to 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Resources Institute, Tropical Rainforest Loss Drops 36% in 2025, but Fires Threaten Global Progress (release with University of Maryland GLAD Lab data), Washington, 29 April 2026. World Resources Institute, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Current Global Bleaching: Status Update and Data Submission (status page). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park. Observation year 2025 (event from 1 January 2023). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, World\u2019s Fourth Mass <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.coral-bleaching\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Corals expelling their algal partners under heat stress, turning white and often dying, with loss of reef fisheries and shore protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Coral Bleaching<\/a> Event Likely Ended in 2025 (news release), 2 June 2026. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Thematic Assessment Report on Business and Biodiversity, considered at the twelfth session of the Plenary, Manchester, 2026 (layout edition of 16 June 2026). Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2023 (financial flows). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Global Report on Collective Progress in the Implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (document CBD\/COP\/17\/INF\/7), full report, Montreal, 2026. Observation year 2023 (finance 2020 to 2023; protected area coverage 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, decision 15\/4, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Montreal, December 2022. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, State of Biodiversity Action: Summary and Key Messages of the Global Report on Collective Progress in the Implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Montreal, 2026. Observation year 2026 (national reports of 2026; indicator data to 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, draft decision CBD\/COP\/17\/L.15, Global review of collective progress in the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, submitted by the Chair of Working Group I, Yerevan, 29 October 2026 (draft text, not the adopted decision). Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>Sonter, L.J., Dade, M.C., Watson, J.E.M. and Valenta, R.K., Renewable energy production will exacerbate mining threats to biodiversity, Nature Communications 11, 4174, 2020 (open-access abstract read). Springer Nature. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health (Nexus assessment), accepted at the eleventh session of the Plenary, Windhoek. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cs-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-part-coupled-system\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/\">Global Biodiversity 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 1<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Nature is the layer under every other system<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Part I describes systems and their couplings. It ranks no country or operator and assesses no authority.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>2 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>14 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.1<\/span><span>The questions this part answers<\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Key questions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Where is biodiversity risk concentrated?<\/li><li>Which couplings carry biodiversity shocks into other <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>?<\/li><li>Which biodiversity capabilities hold under compound stress?<\/li><li>What must 2027 evidence measure first?<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">In this part<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Narrative<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Headline finding<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Lead figure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Five coupling chapters<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Twelve-domain reading<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Sector screens<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Dependency matrix<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Risk objects<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Capability ladder<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Scenario<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Three lenses<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Portfolio<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.2<\/span><span>The argument<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>Biodiversity is usually reported as a conservation topic: species lists, protected areas, forests. The 2026 evidence reads it as the layer under food, freshwater, health and the economy. IPBES finds that over half of global gross domestic product (USD 58 trillion in 2023) is generated in sectors moderately to highly dependent on nature<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>, and that all businesses depend directly or indirectly on biodiversity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The trend is down on most indicators. Indicators assessed by the Nexus assessment show biodiversity declines of 2 to 6% per decade over the past 30 to 50 years<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>. The Dasgupta Review estimated that between 1992 and 2014 global produced capital per head doubled while the value of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 natural-capital\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The stock of renewable and non-renewable natural resources and ecosystems that yields a flow of benefits to people.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">natural capital<\/a> per head fell by nearly 40%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup>. None of the 20 Aichi targets was fully achieved by 2020<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework set 23 targets for 2030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>. The first global review finds action under all 23 targets and no target with a fully positive picture, with indicator trends more often negative than positive<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. Parties reported USD 32.7 billion of biodiversity finance in 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>, while flows with direct negative impacts on nature were estimated at USD 7.3 trillion<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>Risks compound. Land conversion remains the most widespread driver of change on land<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>, mining for energy materials reaches protected sites<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup>, and heat is pushing reefs and forests toward thresholds<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup>. Progress is uneven: fewer than half of reporting Parties considered their national targets on track for any global target<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-fig1-t\">How large are the flows against nature compared with those for it? Financial flows, 2023 (USD billion)<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Harmful flows are about 33 times the flows directed to conservation and sustainable use. Parties reported USD 32.7 billion of biodiversity finance from all sources for 2023 on a different basis, so the two series do not add<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Private flows with direct negative impacts<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">4900<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Environmentally harmful public subsidies<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"49.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">2400<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Directed to conservation and sustainable use<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"4.5\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">220<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: as cited in the note to this figure. Year 2023.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Figure ID FIG-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-01-003<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">7.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">USD trillion<\/span><p>flows with direct negative impacts, 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">220<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">USD billion<\/span><p>flows to conservation and sustainable use, 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">200<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">USD billion<\/span><p>Framework goal a year by 2030, all sources<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">700<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">USD billion<\/span><p>finance gap a year cited in the global report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.3<\/span><span>Twenty couplings between five systems<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The biodiversity-centred matrix types the twenty couplings between the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, read for their biodiversity content. Strengths are Nexus estimates (ESTIMATED) from the cited evidence and analogue events; they set the graph that 2027 evidence will test.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-fig2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-fig2-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-fig2-t\">Couplings between the five systems<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Each line is one coupling from one system to another, drawn by the strength the edition assigns. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events.<\/p><\/figcaption><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-ring\" viewBox=\"0 0 340 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Coupling ring: 20 typed couplings between water, energy, food, health and biodiversity. The matrix in the next table carries every value.\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><ul class=\"nrp-legend\"><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"STRONG\"><\/span>Strong<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"MODERATE\"><\/span>Moderate<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"WEAK\"><\/span>Weak<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: this edition&#8217;s coupling matrix (Table 1.1); status Estimated.<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling matrix: from the row system to the column system<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">From, to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">WAT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">ENE<\/th><th scope=\"col\">FOO<\/th><th scope=\"col\">HLT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">BIO<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><b>WAT<\/b> Water<\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">hydropower \u00b7 cooling flows<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">irrigation \u00b7 fisheries<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">supply and disease vectors<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">flows \u00b7 wetland area<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>ENE<\/b> Energy<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pumping \u00b7 treatment<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fuel \u00b7 fertiliser<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">cooking fuel \u00b7 clinics<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">mining \u00b7 dams \u00b7 land use<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>FOO<\/b> Food<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">withdrawals \u00b7 runoff<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">bioenergy<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">nutrition \u00b7 pesticides<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">land conversion \u00b7 overharvest<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>HLT<\/b> Health<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">labour<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">residues<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>BIO<\/b> Biodiversity<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">catchments \u00b7 filtration<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">biomass \u00b7 hydrology<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pollination \u00b7 soils \u00b7 pests<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">zoonoses \u00b7 medicines<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"6\">Strength: strong, moderate or weak; a Nexus estimate (status Estimated) from cited evidence and analogue events. The scale is defined in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Transmission paths<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">FOO \u2192 BIO \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Land conversion for food erodes pollination, soils and pest control, which feed back into yields.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> pollinator-dependent crops 35% of volume<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">MIN \u2192 BIO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Mining for energy materials overlaps protected sites and wilderness.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> mining overlap study<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 BIO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Heat stress bleaches reefs and raises extinction risk on land.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> 2023 to 2025 bleaching event<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>; warming levels<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">FIN \u2192 BIO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Flows with negative impacts exceed flows to nature by about 33 times.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> IPBES estimates<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">BIO \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Land-use change and species-rich forests raise zoonotic emergence risk.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> hotspot analysis<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.4<\/span><span>Reinforcing loops<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A shock entering either system of a loop can return amplified through the other.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Pairs of systems where both directions are rated strong<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Loop<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First direction<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Second direction<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Food to biodiversity: land conversion \u00b7 overharvest<\/td><td>Biodiversity to food: pollination \u00b7 soils \u00b7 pests<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"3\">A causal-loop reading of the matrix (Sterman, Business Dynamics, 2000): structural, from estimated strengths, not a measured feedback.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health (Nexus assessment), accepted at the eleventh session of the Plenary, Windhoek. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Thematic Assessment Report on Business and Biodiversity, considered at the twelfth session of the Plenary, Manchester, 2026 (layout edition of 16 June 2026). Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2023 (financial flows). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Dasgupta, P., The Economics of Biodiversity: The Dasgupta Review, Full Report, HM Treasury, London, 2021. Observation year 2014 (wealth series 1992 to 2014). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Global Biodiversity Outlook 5, Montreal, 2020. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, decision 15\/4, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Montreal, December 2022. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, State of Biodiversity Action: Summary and Key Messages of the Global Report on Collective Progress in the Implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Montreal, 2026. Observation year 2026 (national reports of 2026; indicator data to 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Global Report on Collective Progress in the Implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (document CBD\/COP\/17\/INF\/7), full report, Montreal, 2026. Observation year 2023 (finance 2020 to 2023; protected area coverage 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn, 2019. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2019 (evidence mostly to 2016). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>Sonter, L.J., Dade, M.C., Watson, J.E.M. and Valenta, R.K., Renewable energy production will exacerbate mining threats to biodiversity, Nature Communications 11, 4174, 2020 (open-access abstract read). Springer Nature. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Global Tipping Points, Global Tipping Points Report 2025 (summary of key messages on the programme page), University of Exeter and partners, Exeter, 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>IPCC, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Summary for Policymakers, Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report, Geneva, 2022. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Assessment Report on Pollinators, Pollination and Food Production, Bonn, 2016. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2015 (values in 2015 US dollars). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Current Global Bleaching: Status Update and Data Submission (status page). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park. Observation year 2025 (event from 1 January 2023). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Allen, T. et al., Global hotspots and correlates of emerging zoonotic diseases, Nature Communications 8, 1124, 2017 (open-access abstract read). Springer Nature. Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c1-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-part-findings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/\">Global Biodiversity 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 2<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Key findings<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Twelve findings carry the biodiversity baseline. They are grouped by coupling and never ranked. Each resolves to its source or, where Nexus analysis is involved, to its stated method.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>17 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.1<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-006\">NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-006<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">In 2023, global public and private flows with direct negative impacts on nature were estimated at USD 7.3 trillion, against about USD 220 billion directed to conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 2.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-fig1-t\">Financial flows linked to nature, 2023 (USD billion)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Private flows with direct negative impacts<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">4,900<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Environmentally harmful public subsidies<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"49.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">2,400<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Directed to conservation and sustainable use<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"4.5\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">220<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: IPBES Business and Biodiversity assessment, summary for policymakers<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>. The Nexus assessment gave USD 7 trillion, USD 5.3 trillion private, USD 1.7 trillion in public subsidies and USD 200 billion for nature<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figure><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Implication<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">The two IPBES assessments agree on the order of magnitude and differ in the split and the year. Harmful flows are about 33 times the flows directed to nature, so closing the Framework finance gap of USD 700 billion a year depends on redirecting existing flows as much as on new money<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>. Fewer than 1% of publicly reporting companies mention their impacts on biodiversity in their reports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What would move it<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">Complete 2024 and 2025 finance reports, reform of harmful incentives and uptake of nature-related disclosure would each move this finding.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.2<\/span><span>Biodiversity<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-BIO-001\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-BIO-001\">NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-BIO-001<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The IUCN Red List update of July 2026 covers 175,909 species, of which 49,505 are threatened with extinction.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-BIO-002\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-BIO-002\">NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-BIO-002<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The IPBES Global Assessment estimated that around 1 million of 8 million animal and plant species face extinction, that 75% of the land surface is significantly altered, that 66% of the ocean area faced increasing cumulative impacts by 2014 and that over 85% of wetland area has been lost.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-BIO-003\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-BIO-003\">NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-BIO-003<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Peer-reviewed work places the current extinction rate above 100 extinctions per million species-years against a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 planetary-boundary\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A precautionary limit on a human pressure on a key Earth-system process, such as climate, biosphere integrity, nutrient flows, freshwater, land, novel entities, aerosols or ocean chemistry, beyond which the risk of\u2026\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">planetary boundary<\/a> below 10, and finds the vertebrate loss rate of the last century up to 100 times the background rate.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-BIO-005\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-BIO-005\">NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-BIO-005<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Forests cover 4.14 billion hectares (32% of land); gross <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a> was 10.9 million hectares a year in 2015 to 2025 against 17.6 million in 1990 to 2000, and tropical primary forest loss was 4.3 million hectares in 2025, down 36% from the record of 2024 but 46% above a decade ago.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.3<\/span><span>Climate forcing<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-004\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-004\">NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Bleaching-level heat stress affected about 84% of the world\u2019s coral reef area between early 2023 and mid-2025, in all three reef ocean basins, against 68.2% in 2014 to 2017, and the Global Tipping Points Report finds warm-water coral reefs crossing their thermal <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h28\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.climate-state.abrupt-regime-shift\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Climate-state shifts\" data-td=\"A threshold crossing in a large climate-system component, such as an ocean circulation or a rainforest, that changes regional climate quickly and may not reverse.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H28\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">tipping point<\/a> at 1.4 \u00b0C of warming.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.4<\/span><span>Finance<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-006\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-006\">NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-006<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Global public and private flows with direct negative impacts on nature were estimated at USD 7.3 trillion in 2023, against about USD 220 billion directed to conservation and sustainable use.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-007\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-007\">NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-007<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Parties reported USD 32.7 billion of biodiversity finance from international public, domestic public and private sources in 2023, and the 2025 milestone of USD 20 billion a year of international finance was likely not met.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.5<\/span><span>Governance<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-GOV-008\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-GOV-008\">NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-GOV-008<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">By the time of the global report 162 Parties (83%) had national targets aligned with the Framework, fewer than half of reporting Parties considered their national targets on track for any global target.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-GOV-009\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-GOV-009\">NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-GOV-009<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The CBD global report records protected and conserved areas covering 18.4% of terrestrial and inland waters and 23.2% of marine areas under national jurisdiction in 2025, and 10% of the global ocean, against a target of at least 30% of each by 2030.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.6<\/span><span>Minerals<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-MIN-010\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-MIN-010\">NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-MIN-010<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Mining potentially influences 50 million square kilometres of land, with 8% coinciding with Protected Areas, 7% with Key Biodiversity Areas and 16% with remaining wilderness, and 82% of mining areas target materials needed for renewable energy production.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.7<\/span><span>Food<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FOO-011\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FOO-011\">NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FOO-011<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Crops that depend on animal pollination contribute 35% of global crop production volume, and 5 to 8% of current global crop production, worth USD 235 billion to USD 577 billion a year (2015 dollars), is directly attributable to animal pollination.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.8<\/span><span>Systemic<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\">NRF-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The leading compound pathway for 2027 testing is a hot, fire-prone season that coincides with land conversion and mining expansion in biodiversity-rich regions. \u00a7 scenario<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Thematic Assessment Report on Business and Biodiversity, considered at the twelfth session of the Plenary, Manchester, 2026 (layout edition of 16 June 2026). Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2023 (financial flows). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health (Nexus assessment), accepted at the eleventh session of the Plenary, Windhoek. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Global Report on Collective Progress in the Implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (document CBD\/COP\/17\/INF\/7), full report, Montreal, 2026. Observation year 2023 (finance 2020 to 2023; protected area coverage 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>IUCN, From desert frog to deep-sea molluscs, remarkable species at risk: IUCN Red List (press release on the 2026-1 update), Gland, 9 July 2026. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn, 2019. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2019 (evidence mostly to 2016). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Richardson, K. et al., Earth beyond six of nine planetary boundaries, Science Advances 9(37), eadh2458, 2023 (open-access full text read). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Ceballos, G., Ehrlich, P.R., Barnosky, A.D., Garc\u00eda, A., Pringle, R.M. and Palmer, T.M., Accelerated modern human-induced species losses: entering the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h65\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 planet.boundary.genetic-diversity-erosion\" data-tk=\"Planetary boundaries and Earth-system tipping \u00b7 Planetary boundary transgressions\" data-td=\"Species extinction and loss of genetic variety running far above the background rate, permanently narrowing the biological options ecosystems and food systems rely on to adapt.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H65\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/planet\/\" data-txl=\"Planetary boundaries and Earth-system tipping\">sixth mass extinction<\/a>, Science Advances 1(5), e1400253, 2015 (abstract read). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>FAO, Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a> slows, but forests remain under pressure (Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025 key findings), Rome, 21 October 2025. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Observation year 2025 (assessment period 1990 to 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Resources Institute, Tropical Rainforest Loss Drops 36% in 2025, but Fires Threaten Global Progress (release with University of Maryland GLAD Lab data), Washington, 29 April 2026. World Resources Institute, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Global Forest Watch, Global Forest Watch\u2019s 2025 Tree Cover Loss Data Explained (data and methods note), World Resources Institute, Washington, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Current Global Bleaching: Status Update and Data Submission (status page). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park. Observation year 2025 (event from 1 January 2023). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, World\u2019s Fourth Mass <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.coral-bleaching\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Corals expelling their algal partners under heat stress, turning white and often dying, with loss of reef fisheries and shore protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Coral Bleaching<\/a> Event Likely Ended in 2025 (news release), 2 June 2026. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Global Tipping Points, Global Tipping Points Report 2025 (summary of key messages on the programme page), University of Exeter and partners, Exeter, 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, State of Biodiversity Action: Summary and Key Messages of the Global Report on Collective Progress in the Implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Montreal, 2026. Observation year 2026 (national reports of 2026; indicator data to 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, decision 15\/4, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Montreal, December 2022. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>Sonter, L.J., Dade, M.C., Watson, J.E.M. and Valenta, R.K., Renewable energy production will exacerbate mining threats to biodiversity, Nature Communications 11, 4174, 2020 (open-access abstract read). Springer Nature. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Assessment Report on Pollinators, Pollination and Food Production, Bonn, 2016. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2015 (values in 2015 US dollars). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c2-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-part-systems-and-sectors\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/\">Global Biodiversity 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 3<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems and sectors at baseline<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>16 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.1<\/span><span>Where each system stood at evidence close<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">BIO \u00b7 Species<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Assessed species threatened with extinction<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">49,505<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">species<\/span><p>28% of 175,909 assessed.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2026<\/span><span>IUCN<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GOV \u00b7 Area<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Terrestrial and inland waters protected or conserved<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">18.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Marine 23.2% under national jurisdiction; 10% of the global ocean.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>CBD global report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">BIO \u00b7 Forests<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Gross deforestation, annual average<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">10.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million ha<\/span><p>17.6 million in 1990 to 2000.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2015 to 2025<\/span><span>FAO<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FIN \u00b7 Finance<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Flows with direct negative impacts on nature<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">7.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">USD trillion<\/span><p>about USD 220 billion to conservation.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2023<\/span><span>IPBES<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GOV \u00b7 Governance<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Parties with national targets aligned to the Framework<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">83<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>162 Parties; fewer than half report on track.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2026<\/span><span>CBD<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">CLI \u00b7 Oceans<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Coral reef area hit by bleaching-level heat stress<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">84<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>early 2023 to mid-2025; 68% in 2014 to 2017.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>NOAA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.2<\/span><span>Domain posture<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each of the twelve coupled domains is read through biodiversity, in words, not scored. The coupling column names the dependency that carries biodiversity risk into each domain.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Each domain read in words, not scored<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Domain<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Posture at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT<\/span><\/td><td>Freshwater <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> hold some of the steepest declines; wetland area has fallen by over 85% and regional flows shape habitats. Volumes and condition on one basis are not consolidated here.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT \u2194 BIO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE<\/span><\/td><td>Mining for energy materials overlaps protected sites; hydropower alters river flows. Siting evidence is not consolidated here.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE \u2192 BIO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO<\/span><\/td><td>Crop pollination, soils and land conversion tie food to nature; agricultural expansion is the most widespread land-use change.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO \u2194 FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT<\/span><\/td><td>Forested tropical regions with land-use change and high mammal richness show elevated zoonotic emergence risk; nature loss touches nutrition and medicine.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO \u2192 HLT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO<\/span><\/td><td>49,505 threatened species; 75% of land significantly altered; protected or conserved area 18.4% on land and 10% of the global ocean in 2025; Framework behind its targets.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">the core system<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CLI<\/span><\/td><td>Reef bleaching in 2023 to 2025; terrestrial extinction risk rises with each increment of warming; tipping risks for reefs and the Amazon.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CLI \u2192 BIO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF<\/span><\/td><td>Expansion of infrastructure and urban area, which doubled since 1992, comes mostly at the expense of forests and wetland area.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2192 BIO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN<\/span><\/td><td>USD 7.3 trillion of flows with negative impacts against USD 220 billion for nature; USD 32.7 billion of reported biodiversity finance.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN \u2192 BIO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT<\/span><\/td><td>National reports show data gaps for most targets; headline indicators are reported unevenly.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT \u2192 BIO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC<\/span><\/td><td>Remote sensing and models support forest and reef monitoring; no consolidated series on compute use in nature monitoring is bound here.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC \u2192 BIO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN<\/span><\/td><td>82% of mining areas target materials needed for renewable energy; 62% of endemic vent molluscs are threatened by deep-sea mining.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN \u2192 BIO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD<\/span><\/td><td>Supply chains drive forest conversion, and the EU <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Deforestation<\/a> Regulation applies from 30 December 2026 to large and medium operators; invasive <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h44\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.plant-health.invasive-species\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Plant disease and pests\" data-td=\"A non-native plant, animal or microbe spreading unchecked and displacing natives, damaging farming, fisheries and ecosystems.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H44\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/health\/\" data-txl=\"Health and biosecurity\">alien species<\/a> move with trade.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD \u2194 BIO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.3<\/span><span>Sector screens<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">All sixteen sectors are screened for their dependence on biodiversity, on the same grammar as every national edition. The evidence column describes coverage of the baseline evidence, not the performance of the sector.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Sectors: baseline evidence and the exposure to watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Code<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Sector<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Exposure to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-00<\/span><\/td><td>Cross-system<\/td><td>nature underpins the other <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>compound heat, fire and conversion<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-01<\/span><\/td><td>Water<\/td><td>freshwater species and wetland area decline fastest<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>flow alteration and heat<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-02<\/span><\/td><td>Energy<\/td><td>mining for energy materials overlaps protected sites<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>siting and permitting<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-03<\/span><\/td><td>Food<\/td><td>pollinator-dependent crops 35% of volume<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>land conversion and pollinator loss<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-04<\/span><\/td><td>Health<\/td><td>zoonotic emergence risk in forested tropics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>land-use change at forest edges<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-05<\/span><\/td><td>Finance<\/td><td>USD 7.3 trillion of harmful flows<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>misaligned incentives<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-06<\/span><\/td><td>Development<\/td><td>means of implementation below need for developing countries<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>finance and capacity gaps<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-07<\/span><\/td><td>Climate<\/td><td>extinction risk rises with warming<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>warming levels of 1.5 \u00b0C and above<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-08<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster<\/td><td>fire drove 42% of global tree cover loss in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>fire seasons and coastal hazards<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-09<\/span><\/td><td>Infrastructure<\/td><td>infrastructure expansion at the expense of forests<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>linear infrastructure in intact areas<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-10<\/span><\/td><td>Cities<\/td><td>urban area doubled since 1992<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>sprawl on wetland area and forest<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-11<\/span><\/td><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>49,505 species threatened; 18.4% of land protected or conserved<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.biodiversity-loss\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Decline in the variety and abundance of species and habitats that weakens services such as pollination, fisheries and soil formation.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">habitat loss<\/a> and extinction risk<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-12<\/span><\/td><td>Earth observation<\/td><td>satellite data underpin forest loss and reef heat stress products<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>continuity of missions<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-13<\/span><\/td><td>Cyber and digital<\/td><td>digital sequence information benefit-sharing fund<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>data governance for genetic resources<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-14<\/span><\/td><td>Policy<\/td><td>national targets aligned for 83% of Parties<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>implementation gaps<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-15<\/span><\/td><td>Science<\/td><td>strong assessment base<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>indicator data and taxonomy<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>IUCN, From desert frog to deep-sea molluscs, remarkable species at risk: IUCN Red List (press release on the 2026-1 update), Gland, 9 July 2026. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Global Report on Collective Progress in the Implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (document CBD\/COP\/17\/INF\/7), full report, Montreal, 2026. Observation year 2023 (finance 2020 to 2023; protected area coverage 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>FAO, Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a> slows, but forests remain under pressure (Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025 key findings), Rome, 21 October 2025. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Observation year 2025 (assessment period 1990 to 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Thematic Assessment Report on Business and Biodiversity, considered at the twelfth session of the Plenary, Manchester, 2026 (layout edition of 16 June 2026). Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2023 (financial flows). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, State of Biodiversity Action: Summary and Key Messages of the Global Report on Collective Progress in the Implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Montreal, 2026. Observation year 2026 (national reports of 2026; indicator data to 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Current Global Bleaching: Status Update and Data Submission (status page). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park. Observation year 2025 (event from 1 January 2023). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health (Nexus assessment), accepted at the eleventh session of the Plenary, Windhoek. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn, 2019. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2019 (evidence mostly to 2016). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>Sonter, L.J., Dade, M.C., Watson, J.E.M. and Valenta, R.K., Renewable energy production will exacerbate mining threats to biodiversity, Nature Communications 11, 4174, 2020 (open-access abstract read). Springer Nature. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Assessment Report on Pollinators, Pollination and Food Production, Bonn, 2016. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2015 (values in 2015 US dollars). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Allen, T. et al., Global hotspots and correlates of emerging zoonotic diseases, Nature Communications 8, 1124, 2017 (open-access abstract read). Springer Nature. Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>IPCC, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Summary for Policymakers, Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report, Geneva, 2022. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Resources Institute, Tropical Rainforest Loss Drops 36% in 2025, but Fires Threaten Global Progress (release with University of Maryland GLAD Lab data), Washington, 29 April 2026. World Resources Institute, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Global Forest Watch, Global Forest Watch\u2019s 2025 Tree Cover Loss Data Explained (data and methods note), World Resources Institute, Washington, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Steering Committee of the Multilateral Mechanism for the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits from the Use of Digital Sequence Information on Genetic Resources, including the Cali Fund, Report, MMDSI\/SC\/4\/3 and CBD\/COP\/17\/6\/Add.1, 15 September 2026 (contributions as at 15 September 2026). Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>D\u00edaz, S. et al., Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change, Science 366(6471), eaax3100, 2019 (abstract read). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c3-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-part-risk-and-capability\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/\">Global Biodiversity 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 4<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Risks and capability<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Four biodiversity risk objects open the portfolio. Order carries no rank. Each is read across driver, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, cascade and consequence.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>18 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.1<\/span><span>Risk objects<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each risk is read across the chain from hazard to consequence, with its status and evidence-quality level.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-GS11-BIO-001<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Land conversion in biodiversity-rich regions<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>agricultural expansion and infrastructure as the most widespread land-use change<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>tropical forests, wetland area and grasslands<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>thin enforcement; fire used to clear land<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>protected areas; supply-chain rules; restoration targets<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>BIO \u2192 FOO, HLT, CLI<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1 to 10 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-GS11-CLI-002<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Heat stress on reefs and forests<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>warming toward and above 1.5 \u00b0C<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>warm-water coral reefs; the Amazon; ecosystems at tipping risk<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>repeated heat events with short recovery times<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>local stressor reduction; fire management; refuges<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 BIO \u2192 FOO, FIN<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1 to 10 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-GS11-FIN-003<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Finance misaligned with nature<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>subsidies and investment flows with direct negative impacts<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>sectors moderately to highly dependent on nature<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>low disclosure; fewer than 1% of reporting companies mention impacts<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>subsidy reform; disclosure frameworks; public finance<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>FIN \u2192 BIO \u2192 FOO, FIN<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1 to 5 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-GS11-MIN-004<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Mining and deep-sea extraction overlap with high-value sites<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>demand for materials for renewable energy production<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>protected areas, Key Biodiversity Areas, vent ecosystems<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>limited strategic planning; contracts across many jurisdictions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>strategic siting; marine protected areas where mining is not permitted<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>MIN \u2192 BIO, ENE<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1 to 10 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.2<\/span><span>Capability ladder<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Existence is not readiness. Each of the fifteen capability functions is placed on the ladder by the strongest public evidence for biodiversity at the global level.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 4.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Capabilities on the ladder of evidence: listed, exists, demonstrated, tested<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Function<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rung<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Level<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Strongest public evidence at baseline<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Prevention and mitigation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>protected areas, restoration law and supply-chain rules exist; implementation uneven<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoring and observation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>ADEQUATE<\/td><td>satellite forest and reef products strong<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>bleaching forecasts and fire-season monitoring; no common early warning for <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.biodiversity-loss\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Decline in the variety and abundance of species and habitats that weakens services such as pollination, fisheries and soil formation.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">species decline<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preparedness and planning<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>162 Parties with aligned national targets<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Redundancy and reserves<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>seed banks, refuges and reserves described but not consolidated here<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Response<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>Brazil cut non-fire primary forest loss by 41% in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Continuity of critical services<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 ecosystem-service\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A benefit people obtain from ecosystems, such as food, clean water, pollination, flood regulation or cultural value.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">ecosystem service<\/a> continuity is discussed in assessments but not tested<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recovery<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>DEMONSTRATED<\/td><td>numbat improved from Endangered to Near Threatened after recovery work<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adaptation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>refuge and local stressor reduction measures for reefs and forests<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Social protection<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>rights and benefit-sharing for Indigenous peoples and local communities weakly reflected in national targets<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance and insurance<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>USD 32.7 billion of reported finance; harmful flows far larger<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Institutional coordination<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>Framework, high seas agreement in force<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Technical infrastructure<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>ADEQUATE<\/td><td>global databases for protected areas and tree cover<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Workforce<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>capacity gaps reported by developing countries<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Research capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>ADEQUATE<\/td><td>strong assessments and models; indicator gaps remain<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"4\">A capability listed in policy is not a tested one; each rung is the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn, 2019. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2019 (evidence mostly to 2016). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Resources Institute, Tropical Rainforest Loss Drops 36% in 2025, but Fires Threaten Global Progress (release with University of Maryland GLAD Lab data), Washington, 29 April 2026. World Resources Institute, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>European Commission, Nature Restoration Law (policy page on Regulation (EU) 2024\/1991; entry into force 18 August 2024), Directorate-General for Environment, Brussels. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>European Commission, Regulation on deforestation-free products (policy page; application dates 30 December 2026 and 30 June 2027 after amendment), Directorate-General for Environment, Brussels. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Global Tipping Points, Global Tipping Points Report 2025 (summary of key messages on the programme page), University of Exeter and partners, Exeter, 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>IPCC, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Summary for Policymakers, Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report, Geneva, 2022. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Thematic Assessment Report on Business and Biodiversity, considered at the twelfth session of the Plenary, Manchester, 2026 (layout edition of 16 June 2026). Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2023 (financial flows). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health (Nexus assessment), accepted at the eleventh session of the Plenary, Windhoek. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, State of Biodiversity Action: Summary and Key Messages of the Global Report on Collective Progress in the Implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Montreal, 2026. Observation year 2026 (national reports of 2026; indicator data to 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>Sonter, L.J., Dade, M.C., Watson, J.E.M. and Valenta, R.K., Renewable energy production will exacerbate mining threats to biodiversity, Nature Communications 11, 4174, 2020 (open-access abstract read). Springer Nature. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>IUCN, From desert frog to deep-sea molluscs, remarkable species at risk: IUCN Red List (press release on the 2026-1 update), Gland, 9 July 2026. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Global Report on Collective Progress in the Implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (document CBD\/COP\/17\/INF\/7), full report, Montreal, 2026. Observation year 2023 (finance 2020 to 2023; protected area coverage 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Global Forest Watch, Global Forest Watch\u2019s 2025 Tree Cover Loss Data Explained (data and methods note), World Resources Institute, Washington, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Current Global Bleaching: Status Update and Data Submission (status page). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park. Observation year 2025 (event from 1 January 2023). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, decision 15\/4, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Montreal, December 2022. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>United Nations, Treaty Collection, Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (status page; entry into force 17 January 2026). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>Pereira, H.M. et al., Global trends and scenarios for terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem services from 1900 to 2050, Science 384(6694), 458 to 465, 2024 (abstract read). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>Lecl\u00e8re, D. et al., Bending the curve of terrestrial biodiversity needs an integrated strategy, Nature 585, 551 to 556, 2020 (abstract read). Springer Nature. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c4-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-part-scenario\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/\">Global Biodiversity 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 5<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Hot, fire-prone season with land conversion and mining expansion<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">A conditional statement under stated assumptions, never a prediction.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>3 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>5 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.1<\/span><span>Assumptions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Scenario SCN-GS11-HEAT-01: what is assumed, and what is held constant.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Baseline<\/dt><dd>the 2026 reference state in this edition<\/dd><dt>Drivers<\/dt><dd>a hot season with high fire risk in a biodiversity-rich region while land conversion and mining expansion continue<\/dd><dt>Analogues<\/dt><dd>2024 record tropical primary forest loss; 2023 to 2025 bleaching event<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Interventions<\/dt><dd>none modelled: the specification describes the unmitigated case<\/dd><dt>Run state<\/dt><dd>narrative specification; quantified run scheduled for 2027<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.2<\/span><span>The cascade, step by step<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 BIO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">heat and dry conditions raise fire risk in forests and peatlands<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2024<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">FOO \u2192 BIO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">fire used to clear land spreads beyond intended areas<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2024 \u00b7 2025<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">MIN \u2192 BIO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">new mining access roads open intact areas<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">mining overlap<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 BIO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">reef bleaching and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.forest-dieback\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Widespread tree decline and death from drought, heat, pests or disease.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">forest dieback<\/a> reduce habitat<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2023 to 2025<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">BIO \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">pollinator and pest-control losses reach crop yields<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">BIO \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">smoke, zoonotic emergence risk and loss of livelihoods<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.3<\/span><span>The scenario as a table of steps<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">How the shock in scenario SCN-GS11-HEAT-01 would travel through Global Biodiversity and Ecosystems&#8217;s coupled <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, step by step, under the assumptions the edition states.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Climate to biodiversity<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Heat and dry conditions raise fire risk in forests and peatlands. Analogue or source: 2024.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition GS-11, scenario SCN-GS11-HEAT-01, step 1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 Food to biodiversity<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Fire used to clear land spreads beyond intended areas. Analogue or source: 2024 \u00b7 2025.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition GS-11, scenario SCN-GS11-HEAT-01, step 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 Minerals to biodiversity<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">New mining access roads open intact areas. Analogue or source: mining overlap [28].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition GS-11, scenario SCN-GS11-HEAT-01, step 3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 Climate to biodiversity<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Reef bleaching and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.forest-dieback\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Widespread tree decline and death from drought, heat, pests or disease.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">forest dieback<\/a> reduce habitat. Analogue or source: 2023 to 2025.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition GS-11, scenario SCN-GS11-HEAT-01, step 4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 Biodiversity to food<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Pollinator and pest-control losses reach crop yields. Analogue or source: [10].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition GS-11, scenario SCN-GS11-HEAT-01, step 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Biodiversity to health<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Smoke, zoonotic emergence risk and loss of livelihoods. Analogue or source: [29].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition GS-11, scenario SCN-GS11-HEAT-01, step 6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of a conditional scenario under the edition&#8217;s stated assumptions: not a forecast, not a prediction and not a warning. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/scenario\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Global Biodiversity 2026, scenario SCN-GS11-HEAT-01<\/a> (2026); Global Biodiversity 2026, references (NR-CIT-1) (2026).<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Resources Institute, Tropical Rainforest Loss Drops 36% in 2025, but Fires Threaten Global Progress (release with University of Maryland GLAD Lab data), Washington, 29 April 2026. World Resources Institute, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Current Global Bleaching: Status Update and Data Submission (status page). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park. Observation year 2025 (event from 1 January 2023). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>Sonter, L.J., Dade, M.C., Watson, J.E.M. and Valenta, R.K., Renewable energy production will exacerbate mining threats to biodiversity, Nature Communications 11, 4174, 2020 (open-access abstract read). Springer Nature. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Assessment Report on Pollinators, Pollination and Food Production, Bonn, 2016. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2015 (values in 2015 US dollars). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Allen, T. et al., Global hotspots and correlates of emerging zoonotic diseases, Nature Communications 8, 1124, 2017 (open-access abstract read). Springer Nature. Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c5-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-part-lenses-and-readings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/\">Global Biodiversity 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 6<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Readings from the other desks<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The biodiversity baseline is read through each steward\u2019s lens, then once as a whole. Each lens is a projection of reviewed findings, not a separate argument. The other desks&#8217; own editions of this subject are listed first, as cross-references, not copies.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>18 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>8 tables<\/span><span>46 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.1<\/span><span>The other desks&#8217; editions of this subject<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Federation: each desk writes its own edition for the subjects in its remit. Until a desk releases, its edition shows its frame and the reading this edition printed for it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Desk<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-host=\"true\"><th scope=\"row\">GCRI Systems Evidence<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRF Public Deliberation<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRA Capital Readiness<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Standards Progress<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Academy Capability<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Index Measurement<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.2<\/span><span>Three lenses<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">One edition, read by each steward. The lens of this site comes first.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\" data-host=\"true\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports reading biodiversity as the foundation layer of the WEFH+B system. Threat, finance and governance indicators all point down or flat, and heat adds new pressure. Evidence is strongest for species counts, forest area and finance flows, and weakest for ecosystem condition, freshwater and marine trends and indicator coverage.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">BIO-001 \u00b7 FIN-006 \u00b7 GOV-008 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRF \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people nature loss shows up as higher food prices, poorer harvests, smoke and lost places. The baseline asks that public debate treat nature as shared infrastructure for food, health and water, and keep the gap between harmful and protective flows in view.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">FOO-011 \u00b7 FIN-006 \u00b7 GOV-009<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRA \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Flows with negative impacts are far larger than flows for nature, disclosure is thin and finance reported against the Framework is below its goal<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>. These show where finance-readiness evidence will matter. Nothing here is advice, a rating or an approval.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">FIN-006 \u00b7 FIN-007 \u00b7 MIN-010<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>Biodiversity is well measured at the level of species counts, forest area and finance flows, and thinly measured at the level of ecosystem condition and indicator coverage. The 2027 programme should bind regional habitat evidence, test the compound season, and map mining overlaps before they become permits.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">SYS-012 \u00b7 B-01 \u00b7 B-03<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.3<\/span><span>Standards, Academy and steward contributions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">How the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> drafts, the Risk Academy and the three stewards feed each quarterly edition for biodiversity. The standards are a preparatory working draft (2026) and are cited as drafts, never as adopted standards.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The quarterly rhythm every edition follows<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Quarter<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Boundary<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Q1<\/td><td>State and Agenda<\/td><td>What matters this year, and what is the starting position?<\/td><td>observed baseline stays distinct from planned work<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q2<\/td><td>Evidence and Build<\/td><td>What new evidence and capability exist?<\/td><td>a configured capability is not a validated result<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q3<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stress Test<\/a> and Readiness<\/td><td>What do scenarios and tests show?<\/td><td>simulated loss or performance is not observed impact<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q4<\/td><td>Annual Synthesis and Renewal<\/td><td>What changed in the year, and what renews?<\/td><td>release follows review, not event publicity deadlines<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Who contributes what each quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Steward or body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contribution route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GCRI Canada<\/td><td>Lead Institution and Consortium Secretariat; publisher of record; technical truth (key T)<\/td><td>science and practice communities \u00b7 GCRI gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Forum (GRF)<\/td><td>leadership, dialogue and the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> programme; public meaning (key M)<\/td><td>policy, Universe and national adoption \u00b7 GRF gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)<\/td><td>finance, insurance and development readiness; capital meaning (key F)<\/td><td>finance and insurance \u00b7 GRA gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nexus Standards<\/td><td>preparatory drafts on vocabulary, hazards, indicators and methods<\/td><td>Standards site \u00b7 working groups HAZ, IND, MTH, FIN, AI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk Academy<\/td><td>learning pathways tied to the agenda questions<\/td><td>Academy gateway \u00b7 learning by review<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> sector desks<\/td><td>biodiversity chapter inputs: GCRI evidence, GRA readiness, NXS standards, RA capability<\/td><td>sector editorial board<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards drafts used in this edition<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Risk vocabulary NRS-C1 (424 terms) for terms in the glossary<\/li><li>Hazard atlas NHS-1 1.1.0 (905 hazards in 120 families) for risk objects<\/li><li>Seven risk classes: global, catastrophic, existential, emerging, planetary, exponential, frontier-tech<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards calendar to watch<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Founding calls from 20 October 2026; working groups meet from 5 November 2026<\/li><li>Inaugural Global Standards Council session, 12 January 2027<\/li><li>Quarterly reviews in March, June, September and December, aligned with each edition<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Nothing here certifies. A Nexus attestation records an evaluation under a mandate; it confers no certification, endorsement or approval. Adoption of any standard is a decision of the competent standards body.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.4<\/span><span>GCRI reading: the model card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-p\">GCRI&#8217;s reading of this edition is its model card: what the national model is, what it computes and where it stops. It is printed in full in Annex A, with the methods it belongs to. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/methodology\/\">Annex A, methodology<\/a><\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.5<\/span><span>Global Risks Forum reading: editorial essays<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Four signed essays by the Reports editorial team set out the positions this edition takes. They are interpretation, labelled as such; the evidence they draw on is in the findings register.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Over half of global gross domestic product is generated in sectors moderately to highly dependent on nature. Treating biodiversity as a conservation budget line understates how it carries risk between systems. This edition asks where a nature shock goes next.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 01<\/h3><p>Nature is a coupling, not a topic<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Flows with direct negative impacts on nature are estimated at USD 7.3 trillion in a year, and flows for conservation at about USD 220 billion. Reported biodiversity finance of USD 32.7 billion sits on a different basis. Redirecting harmful flows is a measurement task before it is a policy task.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 02<\/h3><p>The money points the wrong way<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Bleaching reached about 84% of reef area and tipping risks are rising. Extinction risk on land rises with each increment of warming. The Framework and the climate regime need to be read together, not as separate agendas.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 03<\/h3><p>Climate is now a biodiversity variable<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Fewer than half of reporting Parties considered their national targets on track for any global target. Marine, coastal and inland water ecosystems are less covered in national targets. A shared indicator base comes before any claim of progress.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 04<\/h3><p>Measurement is the first adaptation<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Essays are signed views of the editorial team. Contributed articles from regional consortia, national pathways and invited experts begin with the 2027 global edition, each with its own review route and disclosures.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.6<\/span><span>Global Risks Alliance reading: 2027 biodiversity readiness pack<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The registers that open the 2027 global cycle. At baseline each is initialised from this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">2027 biodiversity readiness pack<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Register<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First 2027 entry<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>E1<\/td><td>Biodiversity risk state delta<\/td><td>baseline set by this edition<\/td><td>changes against the baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E2<\/td><td>WEFH+B state delta<\/td><td>five global system readings set<\/td><td>indicator updates and freshness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E3<\/td><td>Agenda and Portfolio movement<\/td><td>eight agenda items \u00b7 6 proposed objects<\/td><td>admission decisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E4<\/td><td>Federation delivery register<\/td><td>national chapters in preparation<\/td><td>national chapters<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E5<\/td><td>Consortium capability register<\/td><td>national consortia forming<\/td><td>first contributions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E6<\/td><td>Leadership questions and challenges<\/td><td>none yet<\/td><td>first challenge log<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E7<\/td><td>Foundry technical state<\/td><td>national environments prepared<\/td><td>first federation cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E8<\/td><td>Publication candidates<\/td><td>twelve findings carried forward<\/td><td>PUBLISH \u00b7 HOLD dispositions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E9<\/td><td>Universe readiness<\/td><td>one candidate mission<\/td><td>admission and role spine<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E10<\/td><td>Correction register<\/td><td>none<\/td><td>first federation-wide cycle<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication dispositions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Publish<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hold<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Needs evidence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Restricted<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Superseded<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Programme progress is not real-world risk improvement. These registers record the work of the Nexus programme; they report on no state or organisation.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.7<\/span><span>Nexus Standards reading: standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Instruments and published guidance that shape the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in this edition, by status on the retrieval date. The edition assesses no one\u2019s compliance.<\/p><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">IN FORCE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ADOPTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">PUBLISHED \u00b7 GUIDANCE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instrument<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Scope<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Relevance<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, decision 15\/4<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Convention on Biological Diversity<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2022<\/td><td>targets and goals<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Agreement on marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>United Nations<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>IN FORCE 17 JANUARY 2026<\/td><td>high seas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nature Restoration Regulation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>European Union<\/td><td>EU<\/td><td>IN FORCE 18 AUGUST 2024<\/td><td>restoration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Deforestation<\/a> Regulation, as amended<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>European Union<\/td><td>EU<\/td><td>IN FORCE \u00b7 APPLIES 30 DECEMBER 2026<\/td><td>supply chains<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recommendations of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>TNFD<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/td><td>disclosure<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n46\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Note 46\">46<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CITES Parties<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>wildlife trade<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cali Fund for digital sequence information<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CBD Parties<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>OPERATING \u00b7 USD 6,000 RECEIVED BY SEPTEMBER 2026<\/td><td>benefit-sharing<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Changed since 2024<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>The Agreement on marine biodiversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction entered into force on 17 January 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The EU amended its Deforestation Regulation: large and medium operators apply from 30 December 2026 and micro and small operators from 30 June 2027<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The first global review of the Framework reached COP17 in Yerevan, and a draft decision of 29 October 2026 followed (post-close, context only)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">To watch in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Final adopted text of the COP17 decision on the global review<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Entry into application of the EU Deforestation Regulation on 30 December 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>First disbursement from the Cali Fund, none made by 15 September 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Status is read from the issuing body on the retrieval date. Instruments open for signature or awaiting ratification are labelled as such; a change in status opens a review task for every finding that relies on the instrument.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.8<\/span><span>Risk Academy reading: literature and evidence review, science and assessments<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The review behind this edition covers biodiversity assessments, peer-reviewed science and the institutional reports that bind its findings. Systematic reviews for each agenda item begin in 2027.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Review protocol<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Question<\/dt><dd>What does the published evidence establish about the world\u2019s biodiversity and ecosystems and its couplings?<\/dd><dt>Sources searched<\/dt><dd>assessment reports; convention documents; peer-reviewed literature; statistics and open data<\/dd><dt>Window<\/dt><dd>releases available at evidence close, 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Selection<\/dt><dd>sources that bind or contextualise a finding in this edition<\/dd><dt>Next step<\/dt><dd>systematic reviews for agenda items 01 to 05 in 2027<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Peer-reviewed science and assessments<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D\u00edaz et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2019<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>transformative change<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cardinale et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2012<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>effects of diversity loss<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ceballos et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2015<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>extinction rates<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Newbold et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2016<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>biodiversity intactness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Richardson et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>planetary boundaries<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sonter et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2020<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>mining overlap<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Allen et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2017<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>zoonotic hotspots<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pereira et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>trends and scenarios<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lecl\u00e8re et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2020<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>bending the curve<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Institutional flagships and global reviews<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Global Assessment SPM<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IPBES<\/td><td>2019<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>state of nature<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nexus assessment SPM<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IPBES<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>interlinkages and flows<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Business and Biodiversity SPM<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IPBES<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>business and finance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pollination assessment SPM<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IPBES<\/td><td>2016<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>pollination<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Invasive <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h44\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.plant-health.invasive-species\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Plant disease and pests\" data-td=\"A non-native plant, animal or microbe spreading unchecked and displacing natives, damaging farming, fisheries and ecosystems.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H44\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/health\/\" data-txl=\"Health and biosecurity\">alien species<\/a> SPM<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IPBES<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>invasions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global Biodiversity Outlook 5<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CBD Secretariat<\/td><td>2020<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>Aichi review<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>State of Biodiversity Action<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CBD Secretariat<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>first global review<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AR6 Working Group II SPM<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IPCC<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>extinction risk and warming<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global Tipping Points Report 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>University of Exeter and partners<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>tipping risks<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Statistics, area and forest data<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Red List 2026-1 update<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IUCN<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>threatened species<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protected Planet statistics, post-close, context only<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNEP-WCMC and IUCN<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>area coverage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>FAO<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>forest area and loss<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tree cover loss release<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>WRI and University of Maryland<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>primary forest loss<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coral Reef Watch<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOAA<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>bleaching<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Living Planet Report 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>WWF and ZSL<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>vertebrate abundance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global Wetland Outlook<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Ramsar Convention<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>wetland extent<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SDG Extended Report 2026, Goal 15<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UN DESA<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>indicator trends<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n45\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>FAO<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>marine harvest<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Law, standards, finance and disclosure<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Kunming-Montreal Framework, decision 15\/4<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CBD Parties<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>targets and goals<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Draft decision on the global review, post-close, context only<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>COP17<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>review text<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Agreement on areas beyond national jurisdiction<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>United Nations<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>high seas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nature Restoration Regulation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>European Union<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>restoration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Deforestation<\/a> Regulation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>European Union<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>supply chains<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ESRS E4<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>European Union<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>disclosure<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>TNFD Recommendations<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>TNFD<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>disclosure<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Scaling Up Biodiversity-Positive Incentives<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>OECD<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>incentives<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>State of Finance for Nature 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNEP<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>finance flows<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dasgupta Review<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>HM Treasury<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>economics<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nagoya Protocol<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n47\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r47\" aria-label=\"Note 47\">47<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CBD Parties<\/td><td>2010<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>benefit-sharing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Future of Nature and Business<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Economic Forum<\/td><td>2020<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>business dependence<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where the evidence agrees<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Biodiversity indicators show declines over recent decades<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Flows with negative impacts on nature far exceed flows for it<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The Framework is not on track at the time of the first review<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where it is unsettled<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>How much of the Living Planet Index decline is attributable to each driver<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How fast reefs recover after the 2023 to 2025 event<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How forest loss is counted: the FAO and the tree cover loss series use different definitions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEWS AND PREPRINTS<\/p><p>No news report or preprint binds a finding in this edition. News is used only to date events; preprints used from 2027 will be flagged as not peer-reviewed.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Global Report on Collective Progress in the Implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (document CBD\/COP\/17\/INF\/7), full report, Montreal, 2026. Observation year 2023 (finance 2020 to 2023; protected area coverage 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Thematic Assessment Report on Business and Biodiversity, considered at the twelfth session of the Plenary, Manchester, 2026 (layout edition of 16 June 2026). Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2023 (financial flows). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, decision 15\/4, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Montreal, December 2022. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>United Nations, Treaty Collection, Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (status page; entry into force 17 January 2026). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>European Commission, Nature Restoration Law (policy page on Regulation (EU) 2024\/1991; entry into force 18 August 2024), Directorate-General for Environment, Brussels. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Regulation (EU) 2024\/1991 of the European Parliament and of the Council on nature restoration, Official Journal of the European Union, 2024; the Official Journal page was not retrievable and the content is taken from the opened Commission policy page [33]. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>European Commission, Regulation on deforestation-free products (policy page; application dates 30 December 2026 and 30 June 2027 after amendment), Directorate-General for Environment, Brussels. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Regulation (EU) 2023\/1115 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the making available on the Union market and the export from the Union of certain commodities and products associated with <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a> and forest degradation, Official Journal of the European Union, 2023, as amended; the Official Journal page was not retrievable and the application dates are taken from the opened Commission policy page [34]. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures, Recommendations of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures, September 2023; the pages returned an access error and no figure is used. TNFD, London. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Washington, 1973, cited from memory; no figure is used. CITES Secretariat, Geneva. Observation year 1973. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 46\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Steering Committee of the Multilateral Mechanism for the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits from the Use of Digital Sequence Information on Genetic Resources, including the Cali Fund, Report, MMDSI\/SC\/4\/3 and CBD\/COP\/17\/6\/Add.1, 15 September 2026 (contributions as at 15 September 2026). Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, draft decision CBD\/COP\/17\/L.15, Global review of collective progress in the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, submitted by the Chair of Working Group I, Yerevan, 29 October 2026 (draft text, not the adopted decision). Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>D\u00edaz, S. et al., Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change, Science 366(6471), eaax3100, 2019 (abstract read). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Cardinale, B.J. et al., <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.biodiversity-loss\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Decline in the variety and abundance of species and habitats that weakens services such as pollination, fisheries and soil formation.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Biodiversity loss<\/a> and its impact on humanity, Nature 486, 59 to 67, 2012 (abstract read). Springer Nature. Observation year 2012. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Ceballos, G., Ehrlich, P.R., Barnosky, A.D., Garc\u00eda, A., Pringle, R.M. and Palmer, T.M., Accelerated modern human-induced species losses: entering the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h65\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 planet.boundary.genetic-diversity-erosion\" data-tk=\"Planetary boundaries and Earth-system tipping \u00b7 Planetary boundary transgressions\" data-td=\"Species extinction and loss of genetic variety running far above the background rate, permanently narrowing the biological options ecosystems and food systems rely on to adapt.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H65\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/planet\/\" data-txl=\"Planetary boundaries and Earth-system tipping\">sixth mass extinction<\/a>, Science Advances 1(5), e1400253, 2015 (abstract read). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Newbold, T. et al., Has land use pushed terrestrial biodiversity beyond the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 planetary-boundary\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A precautionary limit on a human pressure on a key Earth-system process, such as climate, biosphere integrity, nutrient flows, freshwater, land, novel entities, aerosols or ocean chemistry, beyond which the risk of\u2026\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">planetary boundary<\/a>? A global assessment, Science 353(6296), 288 to 291, 2016 (abstract read). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2016. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Richardson, K. et al., Earth beyond six of nine planetary boundaries, Science Advances 9(37), eadh2458, 2023 (open-access full text read). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>Sonter, L.J., Dade, M.C., Watson, J.E.M. and Valenta, R.K., Renewable energy production will exacerbate mining threats to biodiversity, Nature Communications 11, 4174, 2020 (open-access abstract read). Springer Nature. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Allen, T. et al., Global hotspots and correlates of emerging zoonotic diseases, Nature Communications 8, 1124, 2017 (open-access abstract read). Springer Nature. Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>Pereira, H.M. et al., Global trends and scenarios for terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem services from 1900 to 2050, Science 384(6694), 458 to 465, 2024 (abstract read). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>Lecl\u00e8re, D. et al., Bending the curve of terrestrial biodiversity needs an integrated strategy, Nature 585, 551 to 556, 2020 (abstract read). Springer Nature. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn, 2019. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2019 (evidence mostly to 2016). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health (Nexus assessment), accepted at the eleventh session of the Plenary, Windhoek. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Assessment Report on Pollinators, Pollination and Food Production, Bonn, 2016. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2015 (values in 2015 US dollars). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Thematic Assessment Report on Invasive Alien Species and their Control, Bonn, 2023. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2019 (cost estimate; species records to 2019). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Global Biodiversity Outlook 5, Montreal, 2020. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, State of Biodiversity Action: Summary and Key Messages of the Global Report on Collective Progress in the Implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Montreal, 2026. Observation year 2026 (national reports of 2026; indicator data to 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>IPCC, Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Summary for Policymakers, Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report, Geneva, 2022. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Global Tipping Points, Global Tipping Points Report 2025 (summary of key messages on the programme page), University of Exeter and partners, Exeter, 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>IUCN, From desert frog to deep-sea molluscs, remarkable species at risk: IUCN Red List (press release on the 2026-1 update), Gland, 9 July 2026. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN, Protected Planet: global coverage of protected areas and OECMs (statistics page, updated November 2026). UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>FAO, Global deforestation slows, but forests remain under pressure (Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025 key findings), Rome, 21 October 2025. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Observation year 2025 (assessment period 1990 to 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Resources Institute, Tropical Rainforest Loss Drops 36% in 2025, but Fires Threaten Global Progress (release with University of Maryland GLAD Lab data), Washington, 29 April 2026. World Resources Institute, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Global Forest Watch, Global Forest Watch\u2019s 2025 Tree Cover Loss Data Explained (data and methods note), World Resources Institute, Washington, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Current Global Bleaching: Status Update and Data Submission (status page). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park. Observation year 2025 (event from 1 January 2023). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, World\u2019s Fourth Mass Coral Bleaching Event Likely Ended in 2025 (news release), 2 June 2026. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: WWF and Zoological Society of London, Living Planet Report 2024: A System in Peril, Gland and London, 2024; the publisher pages returned an access error, and the headline of a 73% average decline in monitored vertebrate populations from 1970 to 2020 was seen only in search-result summaries and is not used as a figure. WWF, Gland. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ramsar Convention Secretariat, Global Wetland Outlook 2025, Gland, 2025; the publisher page returned an access error and no figure is used. Ramsar Convention Secretariat, Gland. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UN DESA Statistics Division, The Sustainable Development Goals Extended Report 2026, Goal 15 storylines (Red List Index); the page was not located and no figure is used. United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: FAO, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024, Rome, 2024; only the publication listing was reached and no figure is used. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 45\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023\/2772 supplementing Directive 2013\/34\/EU with sustainability reporting standards, including ESRS E4 on biodiversity and ecosystems, Official Journal of the European Union, 2023, cited from memory; later amendments were not checked and no figure or status claim is made. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: OECD, Scaling Up Biodiversity-Positive Incentives: Delivering on Target 18 of the Global Biodiversity Framework, OECD Publishing, Paris, September 2025; the publisher pages returned an access error and no figure is used. OECD, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNEP, State of Finance for Nature 2023: The Big Nature Turnaround, Nairobi, 2023; the report pages returned an access error, and the estimate of nearly USD 7 trillion a year in nature-negative flows against about USD 200 billion for nature-based solutions was seen only in search-result summaries and is not used as a figure. UN Environment Programme, Nairobi. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Dasgupta, P., The Economics of Biodiversity: The Dasgupta Review, Full Report, HM Treasury, London, 2021. Observation year 2014 (wealth series 1992 to 2014). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilisation, 2010, cited from memory; no figure is used. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal. Observation year 2010. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r47\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 47\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: World Economic Forum, The Future of Nature and Business, Geneva, 2020; the file could not be retrieved and no figure is used. World Economic Forum, Geneva. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c6-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-part-agenda\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/\">Global Biodiversity 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 7<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">The 2027 agenda<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Eight bounded questions open the 2027 biodiversity agenda. Each comes from a baseline finding, names the initiative that will carry it and the first output due in the 2027 biodiversity edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>6 tables<\/span><span>4 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.1<\/span><span>Questions for the operational series<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B-01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How would a hot, fire-prone season that coincides with land conversion and mining expansion travel through habitats, food and health at once?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-GS11-HAB-01 \u00b7 compound season test; first output: concurrency analysis for six regions.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B-02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Where do finance gaps and harmful flows leave national targets without means of implementation?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-GS11-FIN-02 \u00b7 finance and harmful flows; first output: tracking table by region.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B-03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Where do mining areas for renewable energy materials overlap protected and high-value sites, and how is siting decided?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-GS11-MIN-03 \u00b7 mining and protected sites; first output: overlap map with permit status.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B-04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How do reef bleaching and heat stress translate into mortality, and where are refuges?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-GS11-REF-04 \u00b7 reef heat exposure and outcomes; first output: exposure and outcome table.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B-05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which headline indicators of the Framework can be reported on a common basis, and which cannot?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-GS11-DAT-05 \u00b7 indicator coverage; first output: indicator coverage register.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B-06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which shared habitats lack contingency arrangements for fire, flood or pest outbreak?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in 2027; first output: arrangement overlay.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B-07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How do invasive <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h44\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.plant-health.invasive-species\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Plant disease and pests\" data-td=\"A non-native plant, animal or microbe spreading unchecked and displacing natives, damaging farming, fisheries and ecosystems.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H44\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/health\/\" data-txl=\"Health and biosecurity\">alien species<\/a> and land conversion interact on islands?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in 2027; first output: scoping note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B-08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which biodiversity capabilities have been tested in real shortfalls, and which are only planned?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">Biodiversity capability register; first output: rung evidence for 15 functions.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.2<\/span><span>Portfolio proposed for the Q1 2027 alignment<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Five initiatives and one Universe mission candidate are proposed for the 2027 biodiversity portfolio. They are programme objects: no partner, funder or member is attached to them in this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Objects proposed for the first operational quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Object<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-GS11-HAB-01<\/span><\/td><td>Compound season test<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>B-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-GS11-FIN-02<\/span><\/td><td>Finance and harmful flows<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>B-02<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-GS11-MIN-03<\/span><\/td><td>Mining and protected sites<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>B-03<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-GS11-REF-04<\/span><\/td><td>Reef heat exposure and outcomes<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>B-04<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-GS11-DAT-05<\/span><\/td><td>Indicator coverage<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>B-05<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MSN-GS11-2027-01<\/span><\/td><td>Compound season Universe mission<\/td><td>Mission<\/td><td>B-01<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.3<\/span><span>The pathway<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The biodiversity edition reads national biodiversity chapters, regional habitat and species evidence and the global edition through one governed evidence graph. At baseline the federation is designed; the Canada and global biodiversity chapters are drafted. This page states what exists today and what comes next.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National biodiversity chapters<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">nature and ecosystem chapter of each national edition<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">DRAFTED \u00b7 further national baselines<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Habitat and species evidence<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">shared forests, reefs, rivers and ocean areas<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">PLANNED \u00b7 regional Baseline Editions<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Biodiversity sector model<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">the living layer of the system of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">v0 SPECIFIED \u00b7 v1 with federation evidence<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Global and strategic links<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">GLB \u00b7 SR-09 Planetary Boundaries and Earth-System Tipping Risk \u00b7 SR-12 Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">PLANNED \u00b7 strategic baselines<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Universe<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">annual proving environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANDIDATE MISSION \u00b7 mandate in 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Global Biodiversity Report<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">this series<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE DRAFT \u00b7 2027 annual edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Evidence and correction<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">one graph, many projections<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">OPEN \u00b7 first correction cycle in 2027<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.4<\/span><span>Universe 2027: evidence pack for the biodiversity candidate mission<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Mandate<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Core Build \u00b7 1 month<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Action \u00b7 1 week<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Evidence seal<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Portfolio correction<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Next mandate<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Universe 2027: evidence pack for the biodiversity candidate mission<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Record<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Timing<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>F1<\/td><td>Annual mandate record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>after the Q2 2027 alignment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F2<\/td><td>Core Build record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>one month before the exercise<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F3<\/td><td>Exercise evidence<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>during the Action week<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F4<\/td><td>Decision packets<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>exercise state only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F5<\/td><td>Proof receipts<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>scoped to each recorded check<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F6<\/td><td>After-action report<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>within one quarter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F7<\/td><td>Upgrade docket<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>routed to the Portfolio<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F8<\/td><td>Portfolio renewal<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>2027 global annual edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F9<\/td><td>Public synthesis<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>public-safe extracts only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Mission<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>ID<\/dt><dd>MSN-GS11-2027-01 \u00b7 Compound season Universe mission<\/dd><dt>Role spine<\/dt><dd>Leadership sponsor \u00b7 Institutional anchor \u00b7 Mission lead: drawn from national pathways<\/dd><dt>Receiving actors<\/dt><dd>to be identified with the mandate<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Simulation success is not deployment approval; demonstration is not certification; finance readiness is not financing secured.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.5<\/span><span>Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Where the baseline\u2019s findings go next. A handoff routes a finding for awareness, review or work; it transfers no authority.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Finding<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Routed to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Purpose<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>BIO-001 \u00b7 species<\/td><td>public record<\/td><td>reference for the 2027 series<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>BIO-005 \u00b7 forests<\/td><td>INI-GS11-HAB-01<\/td><td>compound season test<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FIN-006 \u00b7 harmful flows<\/td><td>INI-GS11-FIN-02<\/td><td>finance and harmful flows<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GOV-009 \u00b7 area targets<\/td><td>public record<\/td><td>area reference for regional editions<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MIN-010 \u00b7 mining overlap<\/td><td>INI-GS11-MIN-03<\/td><td>mining and protected sites<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CLI-004 \u00b7 reefs<\/td><td>INI-GS11-REF-04<\/td><td>reef heat exposure and outcomes<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GOV-008 \u00b7 Framework progress<\/td><td>INI-GS11-DAT-05<\/td><td>indicator coverage<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SYS-012 \u00b7 compound pathway<\/td><td>MSN-GS11-2027-01<\/td><td>Universe candidate<\/td><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Routing rules by publication class<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Where it goes<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Who can see it<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>PUBLIC<\/td><td>the published edition and its evidence bundle<\/td><td>anyone<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><td>governed rooms of the federation<\/td><td>consortium members under agreement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONTROLLED<\/td><td>need-to-know channels<\/td><td>named competent actors only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">CODES ARE NOT JOINS<\/p><p>Series codes in this edition (GS-11 and its relatives) are Reports codes. Codes in other indices can look alike. This edition makes no join on a code alone: a join needs a registry record that names both subjects.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Handoffs carry findings to Nexus programme objects and steward reviews. States and organisations receive public editions as published; nothing here instructs them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.6<\/span><span>Feeds and signal register<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Feeds watched from 2027<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Feed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Producer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Latency<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Feeds into<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Protected and conserved area coverage<\/td><td>CBD Secretariat<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>GOV-009<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Red List updates<\/td><td>IUCN<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>BIO-001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tree cover loss data<\/td><td>University of Maryland GLAD and World Resources Institute<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>BIO-005<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global Forest Resources Assessment<\/td><td>FAO<\/td><td>every five years<\/td><td>BIO-005<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.coral-bleaching\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Corals expelling their algal partners under heat stress, turning white and often dying, with loss of reef fisheries and shore protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Coral bleaching<\/a> status products<\/td><td>NOAA Coral Reef Watch<\/td><td>operational<\/td><td>CLI-004<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National reports and online reporting tool<\/td><td>CBD Secretariat<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>GOV-008<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cali Fund reporting<\/td><td>Administrative agent of the Fund<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FIN-007<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Escalation routes<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">none \u00b7 keep monitoring<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">research question<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">project<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">risk object<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">annual publication<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">signal report<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Signals at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Signal<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Corroboration<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>SIG-GS11-001<\/td><td>Tropical primary forest loss fell 36% in 2025 from the 2024 record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>BIO \u00b7 FOO<\/td><td>research question B-01<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-GS11-002<\/td><td>Bleaching-level heat stress reached about 84% of reef area<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 BIO<\/td><td>initiative B-04<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-GS11-003<\/td><td>Fewer than half of reporting Parties considered their national targets on track for any global target<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>DAT \u00b7 BIO<\/td><td>initiative B-05<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A signal is not a warning. Signal records never substitute for official alerting or early-warning authorities, and they bypass no publication control.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Resources Institute, Tropical Rainforest Loss Drops 36% in 2025, but Fires Threaten Global Progress (release with University of Maryland GLAD Lab data), Washington, 29 April 2026. World Resources Institute, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Current Global Bleaching: Status Update and Data Submission (status page). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park. Observation year 2025 (event from 1 January 2023). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, World\u2019s Fourth Mass <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.coral-bleaching\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Corals expelling their algal partners under heat stress, turning white and often dying, with loss of reef fisheries and shore protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Coral Bleaching<\/a> Event Likely Ended in 2025 (news release), 2 June 2026. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, State of Biodiversity Action: Summary and Key Messages of the Global Report on Collective Progress in the Implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Montreal, 2026. Observation year 2026 (national reports of 2026; indicator data to 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c7-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-part-systems-in-depth\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/\">Global Biodiversity 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 8<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems in depth<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">One section per system: its state at evidence close, its exposures and what the operational series will watch.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>8 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>5 tables<\/span><span>15 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.1<\/span><span>Biodiversity and freshwater<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Freshwater <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> show some of the steepest declines. Wetland area, river flows and freshwater species are tied to drainage, extraction and heat, and in turn support filtration, fisheries and flood buffering.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">85<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of wetland area lost, IPBES<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">13<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of the wetland present in 1700 remained by 2000<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">84<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>decline in freshwater vertebrate populations since 1970, as quoted in 2019<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Wetland area<\/td><td>over 85% of wetland area lost; recent losses faster than historic ones<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Freshwater species<\/td><td>inland waters and freshwater ecosystems show among the highest rates of decline<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dependent people<\/td><td>nexus assessment links <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.biodiversity-loss\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Decline in the variety and abundance of species and habitats that weakens services such as pollination, fisheries and soil formation.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">biodiversity loss<\/a> to freshwater availability and quality<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Restoration<\/td><td>EU target of at least 25,000 km of rivers restored to free-flowing by 2030<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>WAT \u2192 BIO flows and wetland area<\/li><li>BIO \u2192 WAT catchments and filtration<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 BIO dams and river flows<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>freshwater condition on one basis<\/li><li>wetland extent change since 2000<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>The Ramsar Global Wetland Outlook, river restoration progress under the EU regulation, and heat in freshwater systems.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-01 Water<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-02 Energy<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-03 Food and Agrifood Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-04 Health and One Health<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-09 Planetary Boundaries and Earth-System Tipping Risk<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes physical couplings. It assesses no basin authority, utility or country.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.2<\/span><span>Biodiversity and food<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Food depends on pollinators, soils and pest control, and food production is also the largest driver of land conversion. The link runs in both directions.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">35<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of global crop volume from pollinator-dependent crops<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">577<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">USD billion<\/span><p>upper estimate of annual output attributable to pollination, 2015 dollars<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">23<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of the global terrestrial area with reduced productivity from <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h26\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.land.land-degradation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Land and wetland degradation\" data-td=\"Long-term decline of the productivity and health of land from erosion, nutrient loss, compaction or salting.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H26\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">land degradation<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Pollination<\/td><td>more than three quarters of leading crop types rely to some extent on animal pollination<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Land conversion<\/td><td>over one third of the land surface used for cropping or animal husbandry<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Invasive species<\/td><td>more than 37,000 established <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h44\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.plant-health.invasive-species\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Plant disease and pests\" data-td=\"A non-native plant, animal or microbe spreading unchecked and displacing natives, damaging farming, fisheries and ecosystems.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H44\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/health\/\" data-txl=\"Health and biosecurity\">alien species<\/a> and more than USD 423 billion of annual costs in 2019<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Supply chains<\/td><td>EU rules on deforestation-free products apply from 30 December 2026<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>FOO \u2192 BIO land conversion<\/li><li>BIO \u2192 FOO pollination and pest control<\/li><li>TRD \u2192 BIO invasions and supply chains<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>pollinator abundance trends<\/li><li>supply-chain conversion by commodity<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Supply-chain rules taking effect, pollinator monitoring and invasive species spread on islands.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-01 Water<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-02 Energy<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-03 Food and Agrifood Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-04 Health and One Health<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-09 Planetary Boundaries and Earth-System Tipping Risk<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes physical couplings. It makes no statement on any country\u2019s agricultural policy.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.3<\/span><span>Biodiversity and health<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Nature supports nutrition, medicine and disease regulation. Land-use change at forest edges is linked to higher zoonotic emergence risk, and nature loss touches the health of the most exposed people first.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">52<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of people live in areas showing degradation of at least one nexus element<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">41<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of the world\u2019s population in areas of an extremely strong decline in biodiversity, 2000 to 2010<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">billion<\/span><p>people within 100 km of coral reefs<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Zoonotic risk<\/td><td>emergence risk elevated in forested tropical regions with land-use change and high mammal richness<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nutrition and medicine<\/td><td>nature contributes to nutrition, traditional and modern medicines<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coastal people<\/td><td>nearly 1 billion people live within 100 km of coral reefs<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Clinic and surveillance data<\/td><td>not consolidated here<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>BIO \u2192 HLT medicines and zoonoses<\/li><li>FOO \u2192 HLT nutrition<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 BIO \u2192 HLT heat and smoke<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>spillover event frequency on a common basis<\/li><li>surveillance at forest edges<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Land-use change in species-rich forests, surveillance reports and coastal exposure after bleaching.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-01 Water<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-02 Energy<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-03 Food and Agrifood Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-04 Health and One Health<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-09 Planetary Boundaries and Earth-System Tipping Risk<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Health-system planning rests with national authorities and WHO. No personal health data are used or shown in Reports.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.4<\/span><span>Biodiversity and energy<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Energy transitions need minerals, land and river flows. Mining for energy materials overlaps protected sites, and extraction reaches the deep sea. Nature is the side of the energy ledger that is still least measured.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">82<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of mining areas target materials for renewable energy production<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of mining influence area coincides with Protected Areas<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">62<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of endemic vent molluscs threatened by deep-sea mining<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Mining overlap<\/td><td>mining influences 50 million km\u00b2 of land; 7% coincides with Key Biodiversity Areas and 16% with remaining wilderness<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deep-sea mining<\/td><td>125 of 201 endemic hydrothermal vent mollusc species at risk<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hydropower<\/td><td>alters river flows; no consolidated figure here<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Siting and planning<\/td><td>without strategic planning new mining threats may exceed averted climate threats<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>ENE \u2192 BIO mining and land use<\/li><li>MIN \u2192 BIO extraction<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 BIO energy-related warming<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>siting and permit data<\/li><li>hydropower effects on rivers<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Permit applications in protected areas, deep-sea contracts and critical-mineral demand.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-01 Water<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-02 Energy<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-03 Food and Agrifood Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-04 Health and One Health<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-09 Planetary Boundaries and Earth-System Tipping Risk<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Biodiversity is not reduced to a single number. Where valuation is used later, it is never presented as the whole value.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.5<\/span><span>Biodiversity, climate and extremes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Heat, fire and extreme events now act on habitats at global scale. Reefs, forests and drylands show the first thresholds, and recovery times are shorter than the intervals between events.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">84<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of coral reef area hit by bleaching-level heat stress, 2023 to 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">42<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of global tree cover loss in 2025 driven by fire<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">\u00b0C<\/span><p>warming at which reefs cross their thermal <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h28\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.climate-state.abrupt-regime-shift\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Climate-state shifts\" data-td=\"A threshold crossing in a large climate-system component, such as an ocean circulation or a rainforest, that changes regional climate quickly and may not reverse.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H28\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">tipping point<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Reefs<\/td><td>mass bleaching documented in at least 83 countries and territories in the fourth global event<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fire<\/td><td>5.3 million hectares burned in Canada in 2025; fire-driven tropical primary forest loss fell 50%<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Extinction risk<\/td><td>3 to 14% of terrestrial species assessed face very high risk at 1.5 \u00b0C, up to 3 to 29% at 3 \u00b0C<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tipping risks<\/td><td>Amazon dieback risk below 2 \u00b0C; reefs crossing thermal tipping point<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 BIO heat and fire<\/li><li>FOO \u2192 BIO fire used to clear land<\/li><li>BIO \u2192 FOO and HLT loss of services<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>mortality after reef exposure<\/li><li>recovery times by ecosystem<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>The northern hemisphere fire season, the next bleaching status update and the next tree cover loss release.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-01 Water<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-02 Energy<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-03 Food and Agrifood Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-04 Health and One Health<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-09 Planetary Boundaries and Earth-System Tipping Risk<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes physical and ecological couplings. It assesses no government, manager or company and makes no forecast of extinctions.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn, 2019. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2019 (evidence mostly to 2016). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health (Nexus assessment), accepted at the eleventh session of the Plenary, Windhoek. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>European Commission, Nature Restoration Law (policy page on Regulation (EU) 2024\/1991; entry into force 18 August 2024), Directorate-General for Environment, Brussels. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Assessment Report on Pollinators, Pollination and Food Production, Bonn, 2016. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2015 (values in 2015 US dollars). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Thematic Assessment Report on Invasive <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h44\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.plant-health.invasive-species\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Plant disease and pests\" data-td=\"A non-native plant, animal or microbe spreading unchecked and displacing natives, damaging farming, fisheries and ecosystems.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H44\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/health\/\" data-txl=\"Health and biosecurity\">Alien Species<\/a> and their Control, Bonn, 2023. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2019 (cost estimate; species records to 2019). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>European Commission, Regulation on deforestation-free products (policy page; application dates 30 December 2026 and 30 June 2027 after amendment), Directorate-General for Environment, Brussels. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Allen, T. et al., Global hotspots and correlates of emerging zoonotic diseases, Nature Communications 8, 1124, 2017 (open-access abstract read). Springer Nature. Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>Sonter, L.J., Dade, M.C., Watson, J.E.M. and Valenta, R.K., Renewable energy production will exacerbate mining threats to biodiversity, Nature Communications 11, 4174, 2020 (open-access abstract read). Springer Nature. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>IUCN, From desert frog to deep-sea molluscs, remarkable species at risk: IUCN Red List (press release on the 2026-1 update), Gland, 9 July 2026. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Current Global Bleaching: Status Update and Data Submission (status page). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park. Observation year 2025 (event from 1 January 2023). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Resources Institute, Tropical Rainforest Loss Drops 36% in 2025, but Fires Threaten Global Progress (release with University of Maryland GLAD Lab data), Washington, 29 April 2026. World Resources Institute, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Global Tipping Points, Global Tipping Points Report 2025 (summary of key messages on the programme page), University of Exeter and partners, Exeter, 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, World\u2019s Fourth Mass <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.coral-bleaching\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Corals expelling their algal partners under heat stress, turning white and often dying, with loss of reef fisheries and shore protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Coral Bleaching<\/a> Event Likely Ended in 2025 (news release), 2 June 2026. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Global Forest Watch, Global Forest Watch\u2019s 2025 Tree Cover Loss Data Explained (data and methods note), World Resources Institute, Washington, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>IPCC, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Summary for Policymakers, Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report, Geneva, 2022. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-c8-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-part-methodology\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/\">Global Biodiversity 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex A<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Methodology<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">How the edition was made: methods, the model card, the evidence cut and its age, the acceptance record and the glossary.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>14 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>13 tables<\/span><span>17 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.1<\/span><span>Methods<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The global baseline uses published values and four simple derivations. Each is shown in full so that any reader can reproduce it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Methods<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">No.<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Derivation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Calculation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Result<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>(1)<\/td><td>Share of assessed species threatened, 2026<\/td><td>49,505 \u00f7 175,909<\/td><td>\u224828%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(2)<\/td><td>Harmful flows against flows for nature, 2023<\/td><td>7,300 \u00f7 220 (USD billion)<\/td><td>\u224833 times<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(3)<\/td><td>Reported biodiversity finance against the 2030 goal, 2023<\/td><td>32.7 \u00f7 200 (USD billion)<\/td><td>\u224816%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(4)<\/td><td>Fall in gross <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a>, 1990 to 2000 to 2015 to 2025<\/td><td>1 \u2212 10.9 \u00f7 17.6<\/td><td>\u224838%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling strength scale (matrix and model card)<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Strength<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>STRONG<\/td><td>a disruption in the source system has historically changed the target system\u2019s service or output within one season, in more than one region<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MODERATE<\/td><td>an effect is documented but buffered or slower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEAK<\/td><td>an effect is plausible but not documented at global scale<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Status grammar<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rule<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>value as issued by its source, with year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>reasoned from cited evidence; never a measurement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus analytical value with stated method<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>conditional on stated assumptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>structured editorial judgement awaiting evidence<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.2<\/span><span>Model card, Biodiversity Sector Model v0<\/span><\/h2><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model ID<\/dt><dd>MDL-GS11-BIODIVERSITY \u00b7 v0.1<\/dd><dt>Purpose<\/dt><dd>represent the living layer of the global system and its couplings to water, food, health and energy<\/dd><dt>Family<\/dt><dd>graph-based system of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/dd><dt>Inputs<\/dt><dd>the cited sources of this edition; no proprietary data<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>expert-specified coupling strengths (STRONG \u00b7 MODERATE \u00b7 WEAK) from assessments and analogue events<\/dd><dt>Validation<\/dt><dd>none yet, first validation against federation evidence in 2027<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>qualitative; strengths are hypotheses, not measurements<\/dd><dt>Domain of validity<\/dt><dd>global scale; not for asset-, site- or country-level use<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>strength table and sources published in this edition<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">couplings<\/span><p>typed in v0<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strong<\/span><p>documented within one season<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">moderate<\/span><p>documented, buffered<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">weak<\/span><p>plausible, undocumented<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>framing the 2027 agenda; choosing which couplings to measure first; explaining the coupled reading of nature, finance and governance.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOT SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>quantitative loss estimates, country comparisons or rankings, operational decisions, or any claim about a specific asset.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">VERSIONING<\/p><p>Models are immutable by version. A change to any coupling, rule or weight produces v0.2 with its own card and correction note.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.3<\/span><span>The baseline evidence cut<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Every Nexus edition is published from a frozen evidence cut. The global baseline cut is documentary: it pins the exact edition of every source cited. Federation cuts begin with the first national Foundry cuts in 2027.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Cut ID<\/dt><dd>DC-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-B0<\/dd><dt>Type<\/dt><dd>baseline documentary cut<\/dd><dt>Resolution policy<\/dt><dd>pinned \u00b7 as of 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Sources pinned<\/dt><dd>48 cited sources, each at the edition and access date in the references<\/dd><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>none at baseline, analytical values are stated with their method<\/dd><dt>Digest<\/dt><dd>computed at <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.hard-freeze\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"Air temperature falling well below freezing for hours, killing crops, bursting pipes and stopping water flow.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">freeze<\/a> and recorded in the publication record<\/dd><dt>Supersedes<\/dt><dd>nothing, first cut of the series<\/dd><dt>Superseded by<\/dt><dd>the 2027 biodiversity annual cut<\/dd><\/dl><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Lineage<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">source edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">pinned citation<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">finding<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">page<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">publication record<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">From the baseline cut to the federation cut<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Element<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2027 global annual<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Sources<\/td><td>cited global publications, pinned by edition<\/td><td>national, regional and sector cuts through one graph<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Analysis<\/td><td>stated methods and editorial estimates<\/td><td>typed analysis specifications<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Models<\/td><td>Biodiversity Sector Model v0 specification<\/td><td>model runs with receipts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Findings<\/td><td>twelve baseline findings<\/td><td>findings re-bound to federation evidence<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Review<\/td><td>five passes scheduled<\/td><td>five passes on the exact digest<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.4<\/span><span>Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A 2026 global edition rests on evidence observed in many different years. This page shows each time base, so that no single year label hides older evidence.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Observed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Released<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next release<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Species threatened<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>Jul 2026<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>next Red List update<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Area protected and conserved<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>Nov 2026<\/td><td>monthly<\/td><td>monthly<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forest area and gross <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a><\/td><td>2015 to 2025<\/td><td>Oct 2025<\/td><td>five-yearly<\/td><td>next assessment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tropical primary forest loss<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Apr 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>next tree cover loss release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.coral-bleaching\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Corals expelling their algal partners under heat stress, turning white and often dying, with loss of reef fisheries and shore protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Coral bleaching<\/a> exposure<\/td><td>2023 to 2025<\/td><td>Jun 2026<\/td><td>event-based<\/td><td>next status update<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Flows harmful to nature<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>Jun 2026<\/td><td>one-off<\/td><td>next IPBES or UNEP report<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reported biodiversity finance<\/td><td>2020 to 2023<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>next national reports<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Collective progress under the Framework<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>Oct 2026<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>COP17 decision<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>State of nature overview<\/td><td>2019<\/td><td>2019<\/td><td>one-off<\/td><td>next global assessment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>High seas agreement status<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>Nov 2026<\/td><td>continuous<\/td><td>continuous<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coverage by system at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Thinnest dimension<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Species<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>group-level counts and trends<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protected areas<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>management effectiveness and condition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forests<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>definitions across issuers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Freshwater and marine ecosystems<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>condition and trend on one basis<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>private and subsidy data<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Governance<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>final adopted decisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Minerals and infrastructure<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>permits and siting data<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Resilience<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>tested capabilities beyond area targets<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Designed empty states: what is not bound, what would fill it and why<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Field<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source that would fill it<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Blocker<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Living Planet Index values from the 2024 primary report<\/td><td>WWF and ZSL Living Planet Report 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the publisher pages returned an access error; the 2019 values quoted by IPBES (terrestrial 40%, freshwater 84%, marine 35% since 1970) are older and not mixed with later values<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Current Red List Index value and trend<\/td><td>IUCN Red List summary statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n44\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup>; UN DESA SDG Extended Report 2026, Goal 15<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the Red List tables returned an access error and the SDG report page was not located; only the totals in the July 2026 press release were read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Threatened species by taxonomic group, 2026 update<\/td><td>IUCN Red List summary statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the summary table was not accessible; the press release gives totals and selected groups only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Final adopted text of the COP17 decision on the global review<\/td><td>CBD decisions of COP17<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>only the draft decision of 29 October 2026 was read; the closing text was not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity finance for 2024 and 2025, and whether the 2025 international milestone was met<\/td><td>CBD global report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>; national reports to follow<\/td><td>complete data for 2024 and 2025 have not been reported; the report calls the milestone likely not met, not confirmed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global value of harmful subsidies identified and reformed<\/td><td>OECD Scaling Up Biodiversity-Positive Incentives<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup>; national reports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>only 22 reporting Parties gave data and the OECD report was not opened<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Private-sector finance for biodiversity after 2021<\/td><td>CBD global report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>; UNEP State of Finance for Nature<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>few Parties reported private flows; the UNEP report was not opened<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Uptake of nature-related disclosure by companies and financial institutions<\/td><td>TNFD adopter register<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup>; ESRS E4<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the TNFD pages were not accessible and the legal text was not opened; the only figure used is the IPBES finding that fewer than 1% of reporting companies mention impacts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wetland extent change since 2000<\/td><td>Ramsar Global Wetland Outlook<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the publisher page returned an access error; the IPBES loss figure of 2019 is used alone<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Condition and trend of freshwater, coastal and marine ecosystems on one basis<\/td><td>national reports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>; IUCN; regional monitoring<\/td><td>the global report states that these ecosystems are less covered in national targets and reports; no consolidated series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global trend in insect abundance<\/td><td>IPBES Global Assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the assessment states that global trends in insect populations are not known<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity effects of renewable energy siting and hydropower on rivers<\/td><td>permit registers; national statistics; peer-reviewed studies<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>no consolidated global series opened; the mining overlap study is the only quantitative source<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deep-sea mining regulatory status at the International Seabed Authority<\/td><td>International Seabed Authority records<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>records not opened; the IUCN release mentions the moratorium discussion only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability rungs beyond area targets and monitoring<\/td><td>ministries, managers, protected area authorities<\/td><td>not reviewed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.5<\/span><span>Evidence cards, two anchor sources<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the International Union for Conservation of Nature on 9 July 2026 from species assessments by expert groups. Periodic. Role: binds BIO-001 and the species tile. Totals only; group tables not read.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-GS11-001<\/h3><p>IUCN Red List, July 2026 update<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Compiled by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity from national reports and other submissions, 2026. Role: binds FIN-007, GOV-008 and data coverage. Based on self-reported information from Parties.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-GS11-002<\/h3><p>CBD global report on collective progress<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Quality dimensions at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Dimension<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-GS11-001<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-GS11-002<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Completeness<\/td><td>all assessed species; many groups not yet assessed<\/td><td>125 Parties had reported by the February 2026 deadline<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup> ; small island developing States under-represented<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Timeliness<\/td><td>about 1 year after the assessment cut<\/td><td>data to 2023 for finance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Revision<\/td><td>periodic updates of the list<\/td><td>first edition; COP17 decisions not adopted at the close<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Method transparency<\/td><td>categories and criteria published<\/td><td>methods and scorecard described<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>External validation<\/td><td>expert review<\/td><td>Party-led process; reviewed in the global review<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence cards to follow in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>IUCN<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>: totals by taxonomic group<\/li><li>FAO<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>: country detail behind forest area<\/li><li>CBD global report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>: indicator tables by target<\/li><li>NOAA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>: regional bleaching summaries<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.6<\/span><span>Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Editorial self-check at evidence close. Every applicable item carries a disposition; the remaining items are review, approval and deposit.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-tab9\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Group<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Area<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Items<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pass<\/th><th scope=\"col\">N\/A<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pending<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D1<\/td><td>Identity and scope<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>Source and data<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D3<\/td><td>Analysis and models<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D4<\/td><td>Findings and claims<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D5<\/td><td>Figures, tables, maps<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D6<\/td><td>Editorial and citations<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D7<\/td><td>Review and approval<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>13<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D8<\/td><td>Artefact and design<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D9<\/td><td>Registry and release<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication gate<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Conditions met<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close<\/dd><dt>Blocking problems<\/dt><dd>none recorded<\/dd><dt>Open conditions<\/dt><dd>reviews, approval of the exact digest, deposit, registry pointer<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Not applicable at baseline<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>first runs in Q1 2027<\/dd><dt>Maps<\/dt><dd>plates in Q2 2027<\/dd><dt>Waivers<\/dt><dd>none<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Dispositions are recorded item by item in the machine-readable checklist. A FAIL on any item blocks release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.7<\/span><span>Status words<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-tab10\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The status every value carries<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it means<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"positive\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Observed<\/span><\/td><td>Measured directly and published by the source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>Published statistics of an official or institutional source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Declared<\/span><\/td><td>Stated by the body concerned; not independently measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>A Nexus estimate from cited evidence, with its method in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Modelled<\/span><\/td><td>Produced by a stated model from cited inputs.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>Reasoned from cited evidence; not measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Forecast<\/span><\/td><td>A projection by the cited source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Simulated<\/span><\/td><td>A simulation result under stated assumptions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>A conditional statement under stated assumptions; never a prediction.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>Expert judgement, recorded with its basis.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><td>Proposed for a later edition; not yet evidence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Evidence-quality levels (EQL 1 to 5) grade the source behind a value; they are not a score of the subject.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.8<\/span><span>How the edition is made, released and corrected<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">Every edition is built from a sealed evidence cut, reviewed under three keys, signed and deposited before any site shows it as published; corrections go to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> as change proposals and feed the next cut.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Evidence arrives from the pillars<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Foundry seals observations and indicator series, Universe hands over after-action and scenario findings, and contributions are screened at every gateway, including this site&#8217;s.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 The cut is sealed<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">On the cut date the evidence is pinned under one identifier, so anyone can rebuild the edition from exactly what it was built on.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 The edition is assembled<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The edition is drafted from its template and content pack. Agents may draft; they never publish and never decide.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 The keys turn<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">At the publisher of record the truth key comes first: every value is checked against its source or stated method before the meaning and capital keys turn. No edition moves on until every key has been turned by a named steward.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 The gate opens<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A named approver releases one exact digest of the edition; any change after this point is a new version, never a silent edit.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Signed and deposited<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The PDF, the web edition and the data bundle are signed together with a manifest and an RO-Crate description, and deposited on Zenodo with a concept and a version DOI.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">07 Published on its desk&#8217;s site<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Only then does the edition show as published on its desk&#8217;s Reports site, and the Collection lists it as a part.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">08 Corrections go to Standards<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Method and correction findings go to Nexus Standards as change proposals; citations, corrections and new contributions feed the next evidence cut.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of the process, not a forecast and not a record of any run; dates and counts on this page come from the programme record. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/governance\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Reports governance at GCRI Canada<\/a> (2026); Zenodo, repository of record for Reports deposits (2026).<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">Lifecycle, one state at a time: Draft, Computed, Evidence bound, Reviewed, Approved for release, Published, Corrected, Superseded. This edition is a draft.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.9<\/span><span>Glossary and abbreviations<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-tab11\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Series terms<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Baseline Edition<\/td><td>the inaugural annual edition that fixes the reference state for the series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEFH+B<\/td><td>biodiversity, energy, food, health and biodiversity, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/governance-in-operation\/national-nexus\" data-tc=\"National Nexus\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The national model: the NNC, the NLC and the NWG as its three participation pillars, with the National Desk, Model and Portfolio and the NSC as the standards function of the NNC (OR-13)\">national nexus<\/a> core<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coupling<\/td><td>a typed dependency through which one system transmits to another<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">Protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>the share of losses not covered by insurance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability ladder<\/td><td>LISTED \u2192 EXISTS \u2192 ADEQUATE \u2192 TESTED \u2192 DEMONSTRATED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EQL<\/td><td>evidence-quality level, 1\u20135<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence cut<\/td><td>a frozen resolution of exact sources and versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NNC \u00b7 NLC \u00b7 NWG<\/td><td>National Nexus Consortium \u00b7 National Leadership Council \u00b7 National Working Groups<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-tab12\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.12<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Abbreviations used in this edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Abbreviation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Expansion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CBD<\/td><td>Convention on Biological Diversity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>COP<\/td><td>Conference of the Parties<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FAO<\/td><td>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GBF<\/td><td>Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IPBES<\/td><td>Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IUCN<\/td><td>International Union for Conservation of Nature<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mha<\/td><td>million hectares<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>OECM<\/td><td>other effective area-based conservation measure<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SPM<\/td><td>summary for policymakers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>TNFD<\/td><td>Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UNEP-WCMC<\/td><td>UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WDPCA<\/td><td>World Database on Protected and Conserved Areas<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.10<\/span><span>Technical annex<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-tab13\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.13<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Technical annex<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Annex<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contents<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A.1<\/td><td>Indicator definitions<\/td><td>the global indicator set, with units and sources<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.2<\/td><td>Coupling strengths<\/td><td>the twenty-cell matrix and its rationale<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.3<\/td><td>Scenario specification<\/td><td>SCN-GS11-HEAT-01 assumptions and signposts<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.4<\/td><td>Capability placements<\/td><td>rung evidence for fifteen functions<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.5<\/td><td>Model diagnostics<\/td><td>first runs and validation<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.6<\/td><td>Sensitivity analyses<\/td><td>influence of coupling strengths<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.7<\/td><td>Habitat notes<\/td><td>cards for the major shared forests, reefs, rivers and ocean areas<\/td><td>WITH REGIONAL EDITIONS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.8<\/td><td>Review statements<\/td><td>pass-by-pass review record<\/td><td>AT RELEASE<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">A.1 \u00b7 indicator definition: protected and conserved area coverage<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Construct<\/dt><dd>share of land or ocean area within protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures<\/dd><dt>Unit<\/dt><dd>share of area<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>compilation of national submissions in a world database, updated monthly<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>CBD global report, 2025 values<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>; Protected Planet page of November 2026 is post-close, context only<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>depends on submissions and boundary data; scope differs between reports<\/dd><dt>Known limits<\/dt><dd>coverage does not measure management effectiveness or ecological condition<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Annexes carry the same evidence, review and correction rules as the chapters and are versioned with the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: WWF and Zoological Society of London, Living Planet Report 2024: A System in Peril, Gland and London, 2024; the publisher pages returned an access error, and the headline of a 73% average decline in monitored vertebrate populations from 1970 to 2020 was seen only in search-result summaries and is not used as a figure. WWF, Gland. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: IUCN, The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, summary statistics tables (version 2026-1); the tables returned an access error, and only the totals in the opened press release [12] are used. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r44\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 44\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UN DESA Statistics Division, The Sustainable Development Goals Extended Report 2026, Goal 15 storylines (Red List Index); the page was not located and no figure is used. United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, draft decision CBD\/COP\/17\/L.15, Global review of collective progress in the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, submitted by the Chair of Working Group I, Yerevan, 29 October 2026 (draft text, not the adopted decision). Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Global Report on Collective Progress in the Implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (document CBD\/COP\/17\/INF\/7), full report, Montreal, 2026. Observation year 2023 (finance 2020 to 2023; protected area coverage 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: OECD, Scaling Up Biodiversity-Positive Incentives: Delivering on Target 18 of the Global Biodiversity Framework, OECD Publishing, Paris, September 2025; the publisher pages returned an access error and no figure is used. OECD, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNEP, State of Finance for Nature 2023: The Big Nature Turnaround, Nairobi, 2023; the report pages returned an access error, and the estimate of nearly USD 7 trillion a year in nature-negative flows against about USD 200 billion for nature-based solutions was seen only in search-result summaries and is not used as a figure. UN Environment Programme, Nairobi. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures, Recommendations of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures, September 2023; the pages returned an access error and no figure is used. TNFD, London. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023\/2772 supplementing Directive 2013\/34\/EU with sustainability reporting standards, including ESRS E4 on biodiversity and ecosystems, Official Journal of the European Union, 2023, cited from memory; later amendments were not checked and no figure or status claim is made. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ramsar Convention Secretariat, Global Wetland Outlook 2025, Gland, 2025; the publisher page returned an access error and no figure is used. Ramsar Convention Secretariat, Gland. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn, 2019. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2019 (evidence mostly to 2016). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>Sonter, L.J., Dade, M.C., Watson, J.E.M. and Valenta, R.K., Renewable energy production will exacerbate mining threats to biodiversity, Nature Communications 11, 4174, 2020 (open-access abstract read). Springer Nature. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>IUCN, From desert frog to deep-sea molluscs, remarkable species at risk: IUCN Red List (press release on the 2026-1 update), Gland, 9 July 2026. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 125 Countries Submit 7th National Reports Ahead of COP17 (news article), Montreal, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>FAO, Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a> slows, but forests remain under pressure (Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025 key findings), Rome, 21 October 2025. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Observation year 2025 (assessment period 1990 to 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Current Global Bleaching: Status Update and Data Submission (status page). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park. Observation year 2025 (event from 1 January 2023). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN, Protected Planet: global coverage of protected areas and OECMs (statistics page, updated November 2026). UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-ca-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-part-data\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/\">Global Biodiversity 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex B<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Data appendix<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>9 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>8 tables<\/span><span>15 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.1<\/span><span>The indicator set<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Global baseline indicator set<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Species assessed<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">175,909<\/span><\/td><td>species<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Species threatened<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">49,505<\/span><\/td><td>species<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Terrestrial and inland waters, CBD global report<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">18.4<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Marine within national jurisdiction, CBD global report<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">23.2<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global ocean, CBD global report<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">10<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forest area<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">4.14<\/span><\/td><td>billion ha<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gross <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a>, annual<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">10.9<\/span><\/td><td>million ha<\/td><td>2015 to 2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tropical primary forest loss<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">4.3<\/span><\/td><td>million ha<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coral reef area with bleaching-level heat stress<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">84<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2023 to 2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Harmful flows (Business and Biodiversity)<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">7.3<\/span><\/td><td>USD trillion<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Flows to conservation and sustainable use<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">220<\/span><\/td><td>USD billion<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Harmful flows (Nexus assessment)<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">7<\/span><\/td><td>USD trillion<\/td><td>2024 report<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reported biodiversity finance, all sources<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">32.7<\/span><\/td><td>USD billion<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>International public biodiversity finance<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">5.2<\/span><\/td><td>USD billion<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Parties with national targets aligned<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">162<\/span><\/td><td>Parties<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-actions nrp-noprint\"><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:text\/csv;charset=utf-8,Indicator%2CValue%2CUnit%2CYear%2CState%2CSource%0ASpecies%20assessed%2C%22175%2C909%22%2Cspecies%2C2026%2CREPORTED%2C%5B12%5D%0ASpecies%20threatened%2C%2249%2C505%22%2Cspecies%2C2026%2CREPORTED%2C%5B12%5D%0A%22Terrestrial%20and%20inland%20waters%2C%20CBD%20global%20report%22%2C18.4%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0A%22Marine%20within%20national%20jurisdiction%2C%20CBD%20global%20report%22%2C23.2%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0A%22Global%20ocean%2C%20CBD%20global%20report%22%2C10%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0AForest%20area%2C4.14%2Cbillion%20ha%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B15%5D%0A%22Gross%20deforestation%2C%20annual%22%2C10.9%2Cmillion%20ha%2C2015%20to%202025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B15%5D%0ATropical%20primary%20forest%20loss%2C4.3%2Cmillion%20ha%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B16%5D%0ACoral%20reef%20area%20with%20bleaching-level%20heat%20stress%2C84%2C%25%2C2023%20to%202025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B18%5D%0AHarmful%20flows%20(Business%20and%20Biodiversity)%2C7.3%2CUSD%20trillion%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B9%5D%0AFlows%20to%20conservation%20and%20sustainable%20use%2C220%2CUSD%20billion%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B9%5D%0AHarmful%20flows%20(Nexus%20assessment)%2C7%2CUSD%20trillion%2C2024%20report%2CREPORTED%2C%5B8%5D%0A%22Reported%20biodiversity%20finance%2C%20all%20sources%22%2C32.7%2CUSD%20billion%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0AInternational%20public%20biodiversity%20finance%2C5.2%2CUSD%20billion%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0AParties%20with%20national%20targets%20aligned%2C162%2CParties%2C2026%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0A\" download=\"NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-indicators.csv\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, CSV<\/a><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:application\/json;charset=utf-8,%7B%0A%20%22edition%22%3A%20%22NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE%22%2C%0A%20%22title%22%3A%20%22Global%20Biodiversity%20Risk%20and%20Resilience%20Report%202026%3A%20Baseline%20Edition%2C%20The%20State%20of%20the%20World%E2%80%99s%20Biodiversity%20and%20Ecosystems.%22%2C%0A%20%22status%22%3A%20%22Draft%20under%20stewardship%20review%3B%20not%20yet%20released%22%2C%0A%20%22licence%22%3A%20%22CC-BY-4.0%20for%20the%20edition%20table%3B%20each%20value%20keeps%20its%20source's%20licence%22%2C%0A%20%22columns%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%22Indicator%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Value%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Unit%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Year%22%2C%0A%20%20%22State%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Source%22%0A%20%5D%2C%0A%20%22rows%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Species%20assessed%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22175%2C909%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22species%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222026%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B12%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Species%20threatened%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2249%2C505%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22species%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222026%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B12%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Terrestrial%20and%20inland%20waters%2C%20CBD%20global%20report%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2218.4%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Marine%20within%20national%20jurisdiction%2C%20CBD%20global%20report%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2223.2%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Global%20ocean%2C%20CBD%20global%20report%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2210%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Forest%20area%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%224.14%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22billion%20ha%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B15%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Gross%20deforestation%2C%20annual%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2210.9%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%20ha%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222015%20to%202025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B15%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Tropical%20primary%20forest%20loss%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%224.3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%20ha%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B16%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Coral%20reef%20area%20with%20bleaching-level%20heat%20stress%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2284%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%20to%202025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B18%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Harmful%20flows%20(Business%20and%20Biodiversity)%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%227.3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22USD%20trillion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B9%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Flows%20to%20conservation%20and%20sustainable%20use%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22220%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22USD%20billion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B9%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Harmful%20flows%20(Nexus%20assessment)%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%227%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22USD%20trillion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%20report%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B8%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Reported%20biodiversity%20finance%2C%20all%20sources%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2232.7%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22USD%20billion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22International%20public%20biodiversity%20finance%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%225.2%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22USD%20billion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Parties%20with%20national%20targets%20aligned%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22162%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Parties%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222026%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%0A%20%5D%0A%7D\" download=\"NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-indicators.json\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, JSON<\/a><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOTES<\/p><p>Shares are rounded as published. IPBES and the CBD global report use different bases, and values are shown from each issuer where they differ<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>. Post-close, context only: the Protected Planet page of November 2026 gives 17.51% and 9.71% in protected areas and 18.66% and 9.99% with OECMs for terrestrial and marine areas<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup>; these values are not in this table. Forecast values are labelled SCENARIO and none is used here. A machine-readable copy of this table is published with the evidence bundle at release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.2<\/span><span>Global source register<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Domains bound by the register<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">BIO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">CLI<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FIN<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GOV<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">MIN<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FOO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">DAT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">TRD<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">WAT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">HLT<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Global source register<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Category<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Period<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>IUCN Red List press release<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international union<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>threatened species<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IPBES Global Assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>intergovernmental platform<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2019<\/td><td>one-off<\/td><td>state of nature<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IPBES Business and Biodiversity SPM<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>intergovernmental platform<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>one-off<\/td><td>finance flows<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CBD State of Biodiversity Action<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>convention secretariat<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>collective progress<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protected Planet statistics, post-close, context only<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UN agency and union<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>monthly<\/td><td>area coverage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FAO Forest Resources Assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UN agency<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>five-yearly<\/td><td>forests<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tree cover loss data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>university and institute<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>forest loss<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NOAA Coral Reef Watch<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national agency<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>operational<\/td><td>bleaching<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IPBES Nexus SPM<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>intergovernmental platform<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>one-off<\/td><td>interlinkages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UN Treaty Collection<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>United Nations<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>continuous<\/td><td>treaty status<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FIXTURE PROHIBITION<\/p><p>No demonstration or reference-cartographic fixture is used as evidence in this edition. The publication gate checks every binding against this register.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.3<\/span><span>Regional reading: biodiversity across ten clusters<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Map plates follow with the regional Baseline Editions, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form and ranks no region.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional reading: biodiversity across ten clusters<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Region<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Principal hazards<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems most exposed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>North America<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a>; land use<\/td><td>forests, cities<\/td><td>Canada lost 5.3 million hectares to fire in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>South America<\/td><td>forest loss and fire in the tropics<\/td><td>forests, food<\/td><td>Brazil cut non-fire primary forest loss by 41% in 2025; Bolivia second highest loss<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Europe<\/td><td>restoration and supply-chain law<\/td><td>land, cities<\/td><td>restoration and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a> rules<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Eurasia<\/td><td>boreal forest and steppe<\/td><td>land, energy<\/td><td>regional statistics (not bound)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Middle East and North Africa<\/td><td>drylands and coasts<\/td><td>land, coasts<\/td><td>regional statistics (not bound)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Africa<\/td><td>tropical forest loss; mining and energy infrastructure<\/td><td>forests, mining<\/td><td>Congo Basin loss<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>; desert rain frog uplisted<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>South Asia<\/td><td>dense population and land use<\/td><td>land, cities<\/td><td>regional statistics (not bound)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>East Asia<\/td><td>Framework hosting and dialogue<\/td><td>governance<\/td><td>Kunming-Montreal Framework named for the host city<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ASEAN<\/td><td>forest loss rates and reef exposure<\/td><td>forests, reefs<\/td><td>Indonesia and Malaysia kept primary forest loss low in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>; reefs<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Oceania-Pacific<\/td><td>reefs and island species<\/td><td>reefs, islands<\/td><td>numbat recovery<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>; reef bleaching<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">MAP PLATES WITH THE REGIONAL EDITIONS<\/p><p>Each plate will carry its boundary source and version, projection, resolution, classification, uncertainty encoding and public-safe transform, with text and table alternatives.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Regional readings summarise the cited evidence. They are not risk ratings of any region or country.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.4<\/span><span>Habitat card: tropical primary forest<\/span><\/h2><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">forest<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">primary<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">tropical<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">fire<\/li><\/ul><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Systems in view<\/dt><dd>forests, food, climate, health<\/dd><dt>Defining events<\/dt><dd>2024 record loss and 2025 decline<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Couplings<\/dt><dd>FOO \u2192 BIO land conversion; CLI \u2192 BIO fire; BIO \u2192 HLT emergence risk<\/dd><dt>Capability evidence<\/dt><dd>enforcement gains in Brazil and national action reported<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Gaps<\/dt><dd>degradation versus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a> definitions; condition of secondary forests<\/dd><dt>Agenda items<\/dt><dd>B-01 \u00b7 B-02<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Agricultural expansion remains the leading driver of tree cover loss overall, and fire is used to clear land in several countries [16].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">LAND<\/h3><p>Conversion<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Fire drove 42% of the 25.5 million hectares of global tree cover loss in 2025, and fire-driven loss in the tropics fell 50% from the 2024 record [16] [17].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">CLIMATE<\/h3><p>Fire<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FAO reports gross deforestation and the tree cover loss series reports primary forest loss, so the numbers differ by definition [15] [16].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">LEARNING<\/h3><p>Two series<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Habitat cards are generated for the major shared forests, reefs, rivers and ocean areas with the regional Baseline Editions. The tropical primary forest card is shown first because its loss series is published annually.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.5<\/span><span>How countries appear in the biodiversity edition<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Countries enter the biodiversity edition through the nature chapters of their own national editions, on one card grammar. They are read against peer distributions and thresholds, never ranked.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">How countries appear in the biodiversity edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Card field<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it shows<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>WEFH+B state<\/td><td>each core system against peer distribution bands<\/td><td>national edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Couplings<\/td><td>the national dependency matrix<\/td><td>national edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk objects<\/td><td>the national risk portfolio<\/td><td>national edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability rungs<\/td><td>the national capability ladder<\/td><td>national edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence age<\/td><td>oldest and newest source dates<\/td><td>national source register<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Editions in the 2026 Baseline programme<\/h3><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">26<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">national<\/span><p>countries and unions<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">regional<\/span><p>clusters<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">16<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">global<\/span><p>flagship and sector<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">14<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strategic<\/span><p><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> reports<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">frontier<\/span><p>technology reports<\/p><\/div><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">How to read a country card<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Each system is shown against the distribution of its peers, with thresholds where they exist<\/li><li>Couplings and risk objects come from the country\u2019s own national edition<\/li><li>Capability rungs record evidence, not a judgement of institutions<\/li><li>Evidence age is printed, so older national data are visible as such<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">National Baseline Editions in the 2026 programme<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Wave<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Countries and unions<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>W0<\/td><td>Canada<\/td><td>ISSUED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>W1<\/td><td>United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, European Union, Switzerland<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>W2<\/td><td>Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, T\u00fcrkiye, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, South Africa, Senegal, Kenya, African Union, India, China, Republic of Korea, Indonesia, Singapore, Australia<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>External rankings, where cited, keep their own method and source. Nexus never converts them into a rating, and each country\u2019s ownership of its national edition is unaffected by its appearance here.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.6<\/span><span>Licences<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Licences of each kind of material<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Material<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Text<\/td><td>CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data<\/td><td>on the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td>Nexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maps<\/td><td>boundary source and licence printed on each plate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Metadata<\/td><td>CC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Third-party data, figures and text<\/td><td>The source&#8217;s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.7<\/span><span>Formats and provenance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">This edition in every format<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Format<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it is<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Web edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>Draft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Print edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indicator data<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CSV \u00b7 JSON<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>15 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE data release v1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">SVG \u00b7 PNG<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIG-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-*<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slides<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No slide deck is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence brief<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML \u00b7 PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No evidence brief is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dataset with DOI<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DataCite<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>Concept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Provenance<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Edition pack<\/dt><dd>The edition&#8217;s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built<\/dd><dt>Evidence cut<\/dt><dd>DC-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-B0, closed 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters<\/dd><dt>Self-check<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release<\/dd><dt>Review<\/dt><dd>five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>GCRI for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Corrections<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>IUCN, From desert frog to deep-sea molluscs, remarkable species at risk: IUCN Red List (press release on the 2026-1 update), Gland, 9 July 2026. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Global Report on Collective Progress in the Implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (document CBD\/COP\/17\/INF\/7), full report, Montreal, 2026. Observation year 2023 (finance 2020 to 2023; protected area coverage 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>FAO, Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a> slows, but forests remain under pressure (Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025 key findings), Rome, 21 October 2025. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Observation year 2025 (assessment period 1990 to 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Resources Institute, Tropical Rainforest Loss Drops 36% in 2025, but Fires Threaten Global Progress (release with University of Maryland GLAD Lab data), Washington, 29 April 2026. World Resources Institute, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Current Global Bleaching: Status Update and Data Submission (status page). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park. Observation year 2025 (event from 1 January 2023). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Thematic Assessment Report on Business and Biodiversity, considered at the twelfth session of the Plenary, Manchester, 2026 (layout edition of 16 June 2026). Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2023 (financial flows). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health (Nexus assessment), accepted at the eleventh session of the Plenary, Windhoek. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, State of Biodiversity Action: Summary and Key Messages of the Global Report on Collective Progress in the Implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Montreal, 2026. Observation year 2026 (national reports of 2026; indicator data to 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN, Protected Planet: global coverage of protected areas and OECMs (statistics page, updated November 2026). UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn, 2019. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2019 (evidence mostly to 2016). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Global Forest Watch, Global Forest Watch\u2019s 2025 Tree Cover Loss Data Explained (data and methods note), World Resources Institute, Washington, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>United Nations, Treaty Collection, Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (status page; entry into force 17 January 2026). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>European Commission, Nature Restoration Law (policy page on Regulation (EU) 2024\/1991; entry into force 18 August 2024), Directorate-General for Environment, Brussels. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>European Commission, Regulation on deforestation-free products (policy page; application dates 30 December 2026 and 30 June 2027 after amendment), Directorate-General for Environment, Brussels. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, decision 15\/4, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Montreal, December 2022. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-11-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-part-references\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cc-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/\">Global Biodiversity 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex C<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">References and record<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Every source the edition rests on, the publication record, the corrections log and the open record.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>15 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>0 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cc-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cc-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cc-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.1<\/span><span>48 sources<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">NR-CIT-1, editor first. A DOI is linked where the source has one; Nexus records carry a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> once the catalogue allocates it (NS-1).<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, State of Biodiversity Action: Summary and Key Messages of the Global Report on Collective Progress in the Implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Montreal, 2026. Observation year 2026 (national reports of 2026; indicator data to 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 7<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Global Report on Collective Progress in the Implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (document CBD\/COP\/17\/INF\/7), full report, Montreal, 2026. Observation year 2023 (finance 2020 to 2023; protected area coverage 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, draft decision CBD\/COP\/17\/L.15, Global review of collective progress in the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, submitted by the Chair of Working Group I, Yerevan, 29 October 2026 (draft text, not the adopted decision). Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, decision 15\/4, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Montreal, December 2022. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 125 Countries Submit 7th National Reports Ahead of COP17 (news article), Montreal, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Steering Committee of the Multilateral Mechanism for the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits from the Use of Digital Sequence Information on Genetic Resources, including the Cali Fund, Report, MMDSI\/SC\/4\/3 and CBD\/COP\/17\/6\/Add.1, 15 September 2026 (contributions as at 15 September 2026). Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn, 2019. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2019 (evidence mostly to 2016). Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health (Nexus assessment), accepted at the eleventh session of the Plenary, Windhoek. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Thematic Assessment Report on Business and Biodiversity, considered at the twelfth session of the Plenary, Manchester, 2026 (layout edition of 16 June 2026). Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2023 (financial flows). Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Assessment Report on Pollinators, Pollination and Food Production, Bonn, 2016. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2015 (values in 2015 US dollars). Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>IPBES, Summary for Policymakers of the Thematic Assessment Report on Invasive <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h44\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.plant-health.invasive-species\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Plant disease and pests\" data-td=\"A non-native plant, animal or microbe spreading unchecked and displacing natives, damaging farming, fisheries and ecosystems.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H44\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/health\/\" data-txl=\"Health and biosecurity\">Alien Species<\/a> and their Control, Bonn, 2023. Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn. Observation year 2019 (cost estimate; species records to 2019). Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>IUCN, From desert frog to deep-sea molluscs, remarkable species at risk: IUCN Red List (press release on the 2026-1 update), Gland, 9 July 2026. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN, Protected Planet: global coverage of protected areas and OECMs (statistics page, updated November 2026). UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>United Nations, Treaty Collection, Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (status page; entry into force 17 January 2026). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>FAO, Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a> slows, but forests remain under pressure (Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025 key findings), Rome, 21 October 2025. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Observation year 2025 (assessment period 1990 to 2025). Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Resources Institute, Tropical Rainforest Loss Drops 36% in 2025, but Fires Threaten Global Progress (release with University of Maryland GLAD Lab data), Washington, 29 April 2026. World Resources Institute, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Global Forest Watch, Global Forest Watch\u2019s 2025 Tree Cover Loss Data Explained (data and methods note), World Resources Institute, Washington, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Current Global Bleaching: Status Update and Data Submission (status page). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park. Observation year 2025 (event from 1 January 2023). Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, World\u2019s Fourth Mass <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.coral-bleaching\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Corals expelling their algal partners under heat stress, turning white and often dying, with loss of reef fisheries and shore protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Coral Bleaching<\/a> Event Likely Ended in 2025 (news release), 2 June 2026. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Dasgupta, P., The Economics of Biodiversity: The Dasgupta Review, Full Report, HM Treasury, London, 2021. Observation year 2014 (wealth series 1992 to 2014). Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Global Biodiversity Outlook 5, Montreal, 2020. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Global Tipping Points, Global Tipping Points Report 2025 (summary of key messages on the programme page), University of Exeter and partners, Exeter, 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Richardson, K. et al., Earth beyond six of nine planetary boundaries, Science Advances 9(37), eadh2458, 2023 (open-access full text read). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>D\u00edaz, S. et al., Pervasive human-driven decline of life on Earth points to the need for transformative change, Science 366(6471), eaax3100, 2019 (abstract read). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Cardinale, B.J. et al., <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.biodiversity-loss\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Decline in the variety and abundance of species and habitats that weakens services such as pollination, fisheries and soil formation.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Biodiversity loss<\/a> and its impact on humanity, Nature 486, 59 to 67, 2012 (abstract read). Springer Nature. Observation year 2012. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Ceballos, G., Ehrlich, P.R., Barnosky, A.D., Garc\u00eda, A., Pringle, R.M. and Palmer, T.M., Accelerated modern human-induced species losses: entering the sixth mass extinction, Science Advances 1(5), e1400253, 2015 (abstract read). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Newbold, T. et al., Has land use pushed terrestrial biodiversity beyond the planetary boundary? A global assessment, Science 353(6296), 288 to 291, 2016 (abstract read). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2016. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>Sonter, L.J., Dade, M.C., Watson, J.E.M. and Valenta, R.K., Renewable energy production will exacerbate mining threats to biodiversity, Nature Communications 11, 4174, 2020 (open-access abstract read). Springer Nature. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Allen, T. et al., Global hotspots and correlates of emerging zoonotic diseases, Nature Communications 8, 1124, 2017 (open-access abstract read). Springer Nature. Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>Pereira, H.M. et al., Global trends and scenarios for terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem services from 1900 to 2050, Science 384(6694), 458 to 465, 2024 (abstract read). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>Lecl\u00e8re, D. et al., Bending the curve of terrestrial biodiversity needs an integrated strategy, Nature 585, 551 to 556, 2020 (abstract read). Springer Nature. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>IPCC, Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Summary for Policymakers, Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report, Geneva, 2022. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>European Commission, Nature Restoration Law (policy page on Regulation (EU) 2024\/1991; entry into force 18 August 2024), Directorate-General for Environment, Brussels. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>European Commission, Regulation on deforestation-free products (policy page; application dates 30 December 2026 and 30 June 2027 after amendment), Directorate-General for Environment, Brussels. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: WWF and Zoological Society of London, Living Planet Report 2024: A System in Peril, Gland and London, 2024; the publisher pages returned an access error, and the headline of a 73% average decline in monitored vertebrate populations from 1970 to 2020 was seen only in search-result summaries and is not used as a figure. WWF, Gland. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNEP, State of Finance for Nature 2023: The Big Nature Turnaround, Nairobi, 2023; the report pages returned an access error, and the estimate of nearly USD 7 trillion a year in nature-negative flows against about USD 200 billion for nature-based solutions was seen only in search-result summaries and is not used as a figure. UN Environment Programme, Nairobi. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: OECD, Scaling Up Biodiversity-Positive Incentives: Delivering on Target 18 of the Global Biodiversity Framework, OECD Publishing, Paris, September 2025; the publisher pages returned an access error and no figure is used. OECD, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures, Recommendations of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures, September 2023; the pages returned an access error and no figure is used. TNFD, London. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Regulation (EU) 2024\/1991 of the European Parliament and of the Council on nature restoration, Official Journal of the European Union, 2024; the Official Journal page was not retrievable and the content is taken from the opened Commission policy page [33]. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Regulation (EU) 2023\/1115 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the making available on the Union market and the export from the Union of certain commodities and products associated with deforestation and forest degradation, Official Journal of the European Union, 2023, as amended; the Official Journal page was not retrievable and the application dates are taken from the opened Commission policy page [34]. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2023\/2772 supplementing Directive 2013\/34\/EU with sustainability reporting standards, including ESRS E4 on biodiversity and ecosystems, Official Journal of the European Union, 2023, cited from memory; later amendments were not checked and no figure or status claim is made. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ramsar Convention Secretariat, Global Wetland Outlook 2025, Gland, 2025; the publisher page returned an access error and no figure is used. Ramsar Convention Secretariat, Gland. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UN DESA Statistics Division, The Sustainable Development Goals Extended Report 2026, Goal 15 storylines (Red List Index); the page was not located and no figure is used. United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: IUCN, The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, summary statistics tables (version 2026-1); the tables returned an access error, and only the totals in the opened press release [12] are used. International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: FAO, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024, Rome, 2024; only the publication listing was reached and no figure is used. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Washington, 1973, cited from memory; no figure is used. CITES Secretariat, Geneva. Observation year 1973. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilisation, 2010, cited from memory; no figure is used. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal. Observation year 2010. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-ref-48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: World Economic Forum, The Future of Nature and Business, Geneva, 2020; the file could not be retrieved and no figure is used. World Economic Forum, Geneva. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cc-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cc-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cc-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.2<\/span><span>Publication record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Title<\/dt><dd>Global Biodiversity Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition<\/dd><dt>Series<\/dt><dd>Reports \u00b7 Global Sector Series GS-11<\/dd><dt>Edition<\/dt><dd>Baseline Edition 2026 \u00b7 inaugural annual<\/dd><dt>Version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 \u00b7 draft for stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Publication date<\/dt><dd>October 2026<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>concept and version DOI at deposit<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publisher<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Place<\/dt><dd>Toronto<\/dd><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor<\/dd><dt>Stewards<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 technical truth \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 public meaning \u00b7 GRA \u00b7 capital meaning<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>text CC BY 4.0; data on the terms of each source<\/dd><dt>Copyright<\/dt><dd>\u00a9 2026 GCRI \u00b7 Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Language<\/dt><dd>English (en-GB) source edition<\/dd><dt>Correspondence<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway \u00b7 editorial office<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">DISCLAIMER<\/p><p>This edition is published for research, planning and public understanding. It is not a government assessment, an official warning, a rating, a certification, investment advice or an operational authorisation. Reasonable care has been taken with every source; consult the cited originals before relying on any value.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Colophon<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Format<\/dt><dd>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF<\/dd><dt>Typefaces<\/dt><dd>Space Grotesk (display) \u00b7 Geist (text) \u00b7 IBM Plex Sans Italic (standfirsts) \u00b7 IBM Plex Mono (data)<\/dd><dt>Design standard<\/dt><dd>Reports Foundational Edition, Volume I, Part VII<\/dd><dt>Accessibility<\/dt><dd>tagged PDF and HTML targets; text alternatives for every figure<\/dd><dt>Production<\/dt><dd>Reports editorial team, GCRI<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HOW TO CORRECT THIS EDITION<\/p><p>Report errors, omissions or objections through the Registry correction pathway. Each report is logged and answered; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version, and the original remains resolvable.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Release path for this version<\/h3><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cc-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table C.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Release path for this version<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">When<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Draft<\/td><td>editorial self-check complete at evidence close<\/td><td>October 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Steward review<\/td><td>five passes on the exact draft (keys T \u00b7 M \u00b7 F \u00b7 N)<\/td><td>Q4 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approval<\/td><td>publication authority approves the exact digest<\/td><td>before release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deposit<\/td><td>concept and version DOI minted; registry pointer set<\/td><td>at release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Succession<\/td><td>the 2027 biodiversity edition reports changes against this baseline<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Current version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 draft, stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Previous edition<\/dt><dd>none, first edition of the series<\/dd><dt>Next edition<\/dt><dd>NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2027-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Latest version<\/dt><dd>resolve the concept DOI or the registry record<\/dd><dt>Correction route<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway<\/dd><dt>Notice types<\/dt><dd>erratum \u00b7 addendum \u00b7 supersession \u00b7 withdrawal<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NO CORRECTIONS \u2260 NO LIMITS<\/p><p>The absence of corrections does not mean the absence of limitations. Limitations and uncertainty are stated where they arise in the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><div id=\"nx-nr-gs-11-corrections\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cc-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cc-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cc-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.3<\/span><span>Corrections log<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-corr\"><p class=\"nx-nr-corr-sum\"><span class=\"nx-nr-corr-n\">0<\/span><span>correction notices. No edition has been released yet, so none can be corrected; the log below lists each edition&#8217;s current version.<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Version<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Date<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Change<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Notice<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Edition\"><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">GS-11<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Version\" class=\"nx-rd-mono\">NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/td><td data-label=\"Date\">October 2026<\/td><td data-label=\"State\">Draft<\/td><td data-label=\"Change\">Baseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition,<\/td><td data-label=\"Notice\">None<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-rd-source\">Notice types: erratum, addendum, supersession, withdrawal. A correction is a new version with a published notice; the earlier version stays resolvable, and no edition is ever edited in silence.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-gs-11-outputs\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cc-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cc-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cc-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.4<\/span><span>Open record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-os\"><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>This edition&#8217;s open record<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Desk identifier and series alias<\/dt><dd>NR-SEC-GS-11-2026-BL<\/dd><dt>Collection<\/dt><dd>None<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>Concept and version DOI at deposit, on Zenodo with DataCite metadata<\/dd><dt>Versions<\/dt><dd>Each correction is a new version (isNewVersionOf); the concept DOI resolves to the latest<\/dd><dt>Bundle<\/dt><dd>RO-Crate 1.2 with CITATION.cff, CodeMeta and PROV-O provenance; a signed manifest<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Credit and identity<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>ORCID<\/dt><dd>Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record<\/dd><dt>ROR<\/dt><dd>Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone<\/dd><dt>CRediT<\/dt><dd>Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing<\/dd><dt>Account<\/dt><dd>None needed to contribute; never a password<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Find and follow<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">Search the open indexes for Global Biodiversity and Ecosystems; software is cited by its SWHID from Software Heritage, and a quantified scenario run is preregistered on OSF before it is run. Annotation is your choice: Hypothesis opens this page in its own viewer.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-nr-os-links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/openalex.org\/works?search=Nexus%20Reports%20Global%20Biodiversity%20and%20Ecosystems\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAlex<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.openaire.eu\/search\/find?fv0=Nexus%20Reports%20Global%20Biodiversity%20and%20Ecosystems&amp;f0=q\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAIRE<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/search\/works?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Global%20Biodiversity%20and%20Ecosystems\" rel=\"noopener\">Crossref<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.datacite.org\/?query=Nexus%20Reports%20Global%20Biodiversity%20and%20Ecosystems\" rel=\"noopener\">DataCite Commons<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/search?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Global%20Biodiversity%20and%20Ecosystems\" rel=\"noopener\">Zenodo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.softwareheritage.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Software Heritage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/prereg\/\" rel=\"noopener\">OSF preregistration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/via.hypothes.is\/https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Annotate with Hypothesis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Mirrors and harvest<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">The DOI is canonical. At release each signed bundle is also given an IPFS content identifier and a bloxberg anchor as mirrors; both are listed in the record once they exist. Zenodo exposes every record over OAI-PMH, and reviews and endorsements can arrive through COAR Notify where the repository supports it.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><figure class=\"nx-nr-code\"><figcaption class=\"nx-nr-code-cap\">InvenioRDM metadata for a contribution on Global Biodiversity and Ecosystems, prefilled from this page<\/figcaption><pre class=\"nx-nr-pre\" tabindex=\"0\"><code>{&#10;  &quot;metadata&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;id&quot;: &quot;dataset&quot;&#10;    },&#10;    &quot;title&quot;: &quot;Evidence on Global Biodiversity and Ecosystems for Nexus Reports&quot;,&#10;    &quot;publication_date&quot;: &quot;YYYY-MM-DD&quot;,&#10;    &quot;creators&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;person_or_org&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;type&quot;: &quot;personal&quot;,&#10;          &quot;family_name&quot;: &quot;Your family name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;given_name&quot;: &quot;Your given name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;identifiers&quot;: [&#10;            {&#10;              &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;orcid&quot;,&#10;              &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;0000-0000-0000-0000&quot;&#10;            }&#10;          ]&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;affiliations&quot;: [&#10;          {&#10;            &quot;id&quot;: &quot;ROR identifier of your organisation&quot;&#10;          }&#10;        ]&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;description&quot;: &quot;What it is, where its record is kept and how it bears on Global Biodiversity Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of the World\u2019s Biodiversity and Ecosystems..&quot;,&#10;    &quot;rights&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;id&quot;: &quot;cc-by-4.0&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;subjects&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Nexus Reports&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Global Biodiversity and Ecosystems&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Global Sector Report \u00b7 GS-11&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;related_identifiers&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/&quot;,&#10;        &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;url&quot;,&#10;        &quot;relation_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;issupplementto&quot;&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;publication-report&quot;&#10;        }&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;version&quot;: &quot;1.0.0&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;custom_fields&quot;: {},&#10;  &quot;access&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;record&quot;: &quot;public&quot;,&#10;    &quot;files&quot;: &quot;public&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;files&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;enabled&quot;: true&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;parent&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;communities&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;default&quot;: &quot;nexusreports&quot;&#10;    }&#10;  }&#10;}<\/code><\/pre><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-hook\" data-nx-research-hub=\"slot\" data-nx-research-context=\"{&quot;org&quot;:&quot;GCRI&quot;,&quot;site&quot;:&quot;gcri&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;edition&quot;,&quot;subject&quot;:&quot;Global Biodiversity and Ecosystems&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;Global Sector Report \u00b7 GS-11&quot;]}\" hidden><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-gs-11-pillars\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cc-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cc-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-11-cc-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.5<\/span><span>Where this edition sits among the six pillars<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Foundry seals the evidence and Universe tests it; Reports publishes it; Standards takes its corrections and Academy teaches from it.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F03 Sealed observations and indicator series<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F04 After-action and scenario findings for<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F05 National Portfolio movement for chapter<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Applied in editions<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>: applied in editions.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>GS-11 edition<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Reports<\/span> Global Biodiversity 2026, published in every format with its sources, citation and corrections.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F06 Method and correction findings as change<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F12 Q4 synthesis informs the next-year<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Taught in the open<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Academy<\/span> Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>What Foundry and Universe hand to this edition, and what it hands to Standards, Universe and Academy. From the programme spine; GS-11 is a drafted Baseline Edition, so these handoffs run from its first operational quarter.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Handoff<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Between<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What crosses, and when<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F03<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F04<\/span><\/td><td>Universe to Reports<\/td><td>After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F05<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus Standards to Reports<\/td><td>Nexus Standards: applied in editions.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F06<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Nexus Standards<\/td><td>Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F12<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Universe<\/td><td>Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"academy\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Risk Academy<\/td><td>Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-noprint\"><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Send evidence or a correction on Global Biodiversity and Ecosystems.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the GCRI <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Evidence desk. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work. Sent to the wrong desk, it is forwarded, not refused.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI Systems Evidence desk<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Sector Risk and Resilience<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/#nx-sec-routing\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See which desk takes what you have<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The routing table opens the contribution page: what you have, the desk that takes it, how each contribution is reviewed and credited, and the licence.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-11\/full#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><p class=\"nx-note\" data-nr-rights=\"true\"><a class=\"nx-link\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> Free to read. Text and figures: CC BY 4.0. Data: CC0 1.0. Authors keep copyright. Published by GCRI Canada.<\/p><section id=\"nx-sec-signature\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-sec-signature-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sector signature<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-sec-signature-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The sectors behind Global Biodiversity and Ecosystems.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">A reading aid: the sectors the findings run through and how strongly they depend on each other.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig\" data-nx-sig=\"WFHB\" data-sig-name=\"Biodiversity and its partners\" data-sig-line=\"Biodiversity gives pollination and soils to food (0.6), watershed regulation to water (0.5) and zoonotic spillover and medicines to health (0.4).\" data-sig-inst=\"Reports\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-plate\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Signatures in context\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span>Select corners \u00b7 hover lines<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">6 \/ 15 relations<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sector signature hexagon: Water, Food, Health and Biodiversity selected, 6 of 15 relations in play, coupling 0.46. Teaching values.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"rZfLjqtGEIZfpdTS2bnafYE2SMaLSLktss6aGMZGw2UEfRI7L5Z9niyqAuyZsfGFjGZhoLv\/qv\/r6oJZZ\/lLt1m3aVak5c\/0k9ceiiwR9QHrrtjhTsD2kIhQfROwPQ4XbSJc+E1s1p1v3qB5eelynwglYFumXfdusRLLT5P05SRNk5Yfc9isl31qu8\/T26LedQLStkhxX2RZXifCt99zsVm\/NeVx19QXK3YwXmZptxfw1hS17xKhFugiCCMZL9AG\/YUNQC1cBDje4ThOWc6IoG0AWrsFuhX\/uhWoBT3E4Q6H0Zv6HySNUqBXVpoF6tMlXakFDeH5AZ6nkfy2aLdlfjd72nDVb7fizTah4exSv\/+82BfbVwFZIn4zoQFVagWqQq1lAMZJCwHIsMJIajChdGBlLKMKtZIrMIFcgZURaGkq1FZaMFYGYOUKtHQV6pBmaRlDJFcQVmgs6JXUYKUBI4MKdUzLWV3GYOSqQqOlA+3ohh7SImlAW74lcVOhCWQIWksNIUlXaCIZAiWgOUd64qSBsE+OkuQnK7AgIzLBt7E0MoSAryM00oECrfjWMgIchkPpCAGe1gZyxQzwrG5lwAzwnIKWMTPAIUvyjsbiyQc5ZwZ4cqsdE8ATD3LODPBMTZNOIEMcuFJYQoAn9CFpOl407I9lADhsoDQMAHl7DcUjBLz5bJwRkP+KUmQAVsYoo4ptMwBLK6Sp2DX7t0zEVWya7UfkvjK2904uyAFbZvNGxuS9Ys\/knRbKuGLDvXXWNRX7Zedsuxr8Mm8KXLHdsM+Jcqt6vygjSr1iu9KgDDGgmwh4w1GrigudbPdjVOeR1OM6qnKu95MuFbkeqq0PTTXO1d7nxkVuLIy5c4VzrY\/+qMCpUEb\/fX1brqaBEZU3F3rPkI9XX+Y9ZCpurvJxHyz0Jd7vExWLkzHQJnKD3l1pxtt902ad2KzLos4vBwVkqU\/xlfvIQfPPUSeCOpiAg0kE9ycBR5MIblLQ+bZ5zfGvIvN7elss72vr+9rPSZ\/aYVOfo5iJKKqPYC4jGLlyTwaxE0Hwthcjg+DJSMEDkVA\/a+qsH\/b6o5oe1f7Xxpzl3Q356R15SHp1Qxq\/IPXoQf3Z5yG+CPBVaLSalv4KNFo\/po9fcJ71xwP9+FFz6tlI9n6k60ctNs+GGo41ziIoIzV2+mufevRx2n\/qKeoXpYLxL1CqF+fvUR79m5Qu3hfdW9q+0vvi6ttkX\/jJsW1e+7y9\/t3f5lt\/Mf+tTH0u4EBebSDgmAgMAgEjXBcJ2OfFbu8TEUUC2gM1xeVm7fPDpVrNSoplnNi49ZKmTUz27yYbJzZtXqa+aOoOihreyvQ4rr7qtG6ynDBcHTjtepeXw7YXFGrq236fls2HD\/q+07dclZP\/Eby0E2ui6TVZ4ycWqSmqZfrHO1JoAiWA5mFa04dFIqoiy8pcbH5Pfd7eQu63H4TCaEoI\/v0HlL7L\/4xWP4B2OFfsWj+B9+q6RxBfXXgXs1FGup6Qpu73gVDn09aLzY913u6OD6B+Jxa7CS2GbZ6AbZ6DPZP1XNRzSGszAfrX+qVNO99+3\/rvbf4UcG2jCU0Gbu8Cv95E7ONNZEYPmdNCnu0gJpxqID81TfZw\/zDOTckw4GAm4OABwDizvHFufeOsAsdbFZ7Xmdj8kqel3z\/AHG8Vdi\/F1MOZ1MMnqeNc7DibO84Cf6WJM64fiiYr\/szbrvDH5\/hfdvJekPm79\/yXu81\/\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Signature<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Biodiversity and its partners<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Biodiversity gives pollination and soils to food (0.6), watershed regulation to water (0.5) and zoonotic spillover and medicines to health (0.4).<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>W<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">E<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">I<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>H<\/span> \u00b7 <span>B<\/span><\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Sectors<\/dt><dd><strong>4<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Relations<\/dt><dd><strong>6<\/strong> <small>of 15<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coupling<\/dt><dd><strong>0.46<\/strong> <small>share of total<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><h3 class=\"nx-nsig-dh\">Strongest relations in play<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-nsig-rel\"><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Food \u2192 Biodiversity<\/b> \u00b7 land conversion<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"6\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.6<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Food<\/b> \u00b7 irrigation<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.8<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Biodiversity<\/b> \u00b7 environmental flows<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"6\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.6<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Food \u2192 Health<\/b> \u00b7 nutrition<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"7\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.7<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"all\">Select all<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-sig-act=\"copy\">Copy signature<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements for any place. Coupling is the summed strength of the relations in play, as a share of all fifteen.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-gs-11-full-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-gs-11-full-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-gs-11-full-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/urban-flood\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Urban flood<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/risk-science\/risk-information-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Risk information standards and interoperability<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/data\/identification-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Identification (the UNI)<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script><style>@media print { @page { margin: 20mm 17mm 20mm 17mm; @top-left { content: \"Nexus Reports\"; font: 500 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @top-right { content: \"Global Biodiversity Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of the World\\002019 s Biodiversity and Ecosystems. \\0000b7  Baseline Edition 2026\"; font: 400 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Sans\", sans-serif; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-left { content: \"NR-SECTOR-BIODIVERSITY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE \\0000b7  Draft, not released\"; font: 400 7pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-center { content: \"CC BY 4.0. 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