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\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\"><style>#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-gs-12-full.nxe{display:block;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:1180px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 16px;font-family:ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,\"Segoe UI\",sans-serif;line-height:1.55;overflow-wrap:break-word}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-gs-12-full.nxe :where(*,*::before,*::after){box-sizing:inherit}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-gs-12-full.nxe :where(section,header,footer,nav,aside){display:block;margin:0 0 32px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-gs-12-full.nxe :where(h1,h2,h3,h4){line-height:1.2;margin:24px 0 12px;font-weight:600}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-gs-12-full.nxe :where(p,ul,ol,dl,table,figure,details){margin:0 0 16px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-gs-12-full.nxe :where(ul,ol){padding-left:20px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-gs-12-full.nxe a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-gs-12-full.nxe table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;display:block;overflow-x:auto}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-gs-12-full.nxe :where(th,td){padding:6px 8px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:inherit}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-gs-12-full.nxe svg{display:none}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-gs-12-full.nxe svg.nx-i{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:-3px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-gs-12-full.nxe :where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-gs-12-full.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><div class=\"nrp\"><div class=\"nrp-wrap\"><p class=\"nrj-draft\" data-nrj-shared=\"draft\" role=\"note\"><strong>Draft, not yet released.<\/strong> In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.<\/p><article class=\"nrp-flow\"><header class=\"nrp-hero\"><div class=\"nrp-hero-grid\"><div><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Baseline Edition 2026<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Complete edition<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 class=\"pp-hero-title nrp-hero-title-l\">Global Earth Observation Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of the World\u2019s Earth Observation and Planetary Intelligence.<\/h1><p class=\"nrp-lede\"><\/p><div class=\"nrp-actions\"><button class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" type=\"button\" data-nrp-act=\"print\" hidden><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 18H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><path d=\"M6 9V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6\"\/><rect x=\"6\" y=\"14\" width=\"12\" height=\"8\" rx=\"1\"\/><\/svg>Print or save as PDF<\/button><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19 12H5\"\/><path d=\"m12 19-7-7 7-7\"\/><\/svg>Edition home<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nrp-note nrp-noprint\">Choose A4 or Letter in the print dialog; running heads and page numbers are added in print. This is a review copy: the signed PDF with its DOI is issued at release.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nrp-cover\"><div class=\"nrp-cover-top\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GS-12<\/span><\/div><span class=\"nrp-cover-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"nrp-cover-k\">Global Sector Risk and Resilience<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-t\">Global Earth Observation 2026<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-s\"><\/p><div class=\"nrp-cover-foot\"><span>Baseline Edition 2026<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><span><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> for the Nexus Consortium<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block nrp-imprint\" aria-label=\"Imprint\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Imprint<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor, the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto<\/dd><dt>Report number<\/dt><dd class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026, cut DC-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-B0<\/dd><dt>Status<\/dt><dd>Draft under stewardship review; not yet released<\/dd><dt>DOI and UNI<\/dt><dd>Issued at deposit<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>CC BY 4.0 for Nexus-authored text, tables and figures; third-party material keeps its own licence<\/dd><dt>Cite as<\/dt><dd>Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Global Earth Observation Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of the World\u2019s Earth Observation and Planetary Intelligence. (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" aria-label=\"Contents\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Contents<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">\u00b7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-part-summary\">Executive summary<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-part-coupled-system\">Chapter 1. Observation is where evidence begins<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-part-findings\">Chapter 2. Key findings<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-part-systems-and-sectors\">Chapter 3. Systems and sectors at baseline<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-part-risk-and-capability\">Chapter 4. Risks and capability<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-part-scenario\">Chapter 5. Observation gap under an extreme season<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-part-lenses-and-readings\">Chapter 6. Readings from the other desks<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-part-agenda\">Chapter 7. The 2027 agenda<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">8<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-part-systems-in-depth\">Chapter 8. Systems in depth<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-part-methodology\">Annex A. Methodology<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-part-data\">Annex B. Data appendix<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-part-references\">Annex C. References and record<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-part-summary\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/\">Global Earth Observation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Executive summary<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Executive summary<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The edition on a few pages: the abstract, the key messages, the headline finding and what each steward reads in it.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>12 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.1<\/span><span>Abstract<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>The world enters 2027 with more ways of seeing the planet than ever, and with the continuity of some of them in doubt. Data volumes are large and open: the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem held nearly 80 PB online at the end of 2024 and delivered more than 200 PB that year<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>, and the USGS Landsat archive recorded 145 million product downloads in fiscal year 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>. The signal the data carry is stark. WMO reports 2025 at 1.43 \u00b0C above the 1850 to 1900 average and sea level rising at 4.75 mm a year in 2012 to 2025, against 2.65 mm a year in 1993 to 2011<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>. Copernicus places 2025 at 1.47 \u00b0C<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>. <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a> is spreading: 119 countries reported a multi-hazard <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning-system\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An integrated system of risk knowledge, monitoring and forecasting, warning dissemination and preparedness that enables timely action ahead of hazards.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning system<\/a> in 2025, though only 43% of small island developing States did<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>. Funding is firm in Europe, where ESA members subscribed EUR 3.4 billion to the Earth Observation Programme at the November 2025 ministerial meeting<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>. Continuity is the pressure point. NASA projects end of science for Terra in February 2027, Aqua in September 2027 and Aura in August 2028<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>, Landsat 8 is projected to fall below 50% availability in 2030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>, and the 2025 loss of MethaneSAT and the planned end of defence satellite microwave data processing showed how quickly a record can be broken<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>. Orbits are crowded: ESA models about 54,000 objects larger than 10 cm<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. Data-driven forecasting entered operations at ECMWF in February 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup>. This baseline sets out what the evidence supports and where it is thin. It ranks no agency and recommends no mission.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.2<\/span><span>Key messages<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Six readings that frame the Earth observation baseline, and the eight questions this edition answers, each with its status and source.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-km\"><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">WMO reports 1.43 \u00b0C above 1850 to 1900, Copernicus 1.47 \u00b0C.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How warm was 2025?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">4.75 mm a year in 2012 to 2025, up from 2.65 mm a year.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How fast is sea level rising?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Yes. Nearly 80 PB online and more than 200 PB delivered in 2024 at one European service; 145 million Landsat downloads in fiscal 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Is data open and used?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">ESA members subscribed EUR 3.4 billion to the Earth Observation Programme in 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Who pays for it?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">No flagship is guaranteed. NASA projects Terra, Aqua and Aura end of science in 2027 and 2028.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Are the long records safe?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">119 countries report a system; small island developing States lag at 43%.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Is warning reaching people?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">ESA models about 54,000 objects larger than 10 cm and 1,200 intact re-entries in 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Is the orbital environment a risk?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">An observation gap that coincides with an extreme season. SCN-GS12-GAP-01<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What will 2027 test first?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.3<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-HLT-009<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">119 countries, or 60% of all countries, reported a multi-hazard <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning-system\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An integrated system of risk knowledge, monitoring and forecasting, warning dissemination and preparedness that enables timely action ahead of hazards.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning system<\/a> in 2025, but only 43% of small island developing States did.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure S.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-fig1-t\">Share of countries reporting a multi-hazard early warning system, 2025 (%)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">All countries<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"83.3\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">60<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Asia-Pacific (highest region)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">72<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Americas and Caribbean (lowest region)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"70.8\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">51<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Small island developing States<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"59.7\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">43<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: UNDRR and WMO status report, WMO press release of 12 November 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figure><p class=\"nrp-p\">Warning depends on satellites, networks and models, and also on risk knowledge, dissemination and response. Mortality is nearly six times lower in countries with more comprehensive <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> than in countries with limited capabilities, and Africa shows the greatest gain since 2015 (72% in comprehensiveness) yet the lowest scores<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>. Observation gaps below the satellite layer limit what a warning can say<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.4<\/span><span>At a glance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1.43<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">\u00b0C<\/span><p>above 1850 to 1900, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4.75<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">mm a year<\/span><p>sea level rise, 2012 to 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">54,000<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">objects<\/span><p>larger than 10 cm in orbit, modelled<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">200<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">PB<\/span><p>delivered by CDSE in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">3.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">EUR billion<\/span><p>EOP subscriptions, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">119<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">countries<\/span><p>with multi-hazard <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a>, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.5<\/span><span>What each steward reads in it<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports reading Earth observation as the sensing layer of the WEFH+B system.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people Earth observation arrives as a warning, a forecast or a map.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Public funding is rising in Europe and shifting toward defence globally, and the Earth observation downstream market is mostly services.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>The sensing layer is well measured at the level of data volumes and climate state and thinly measured at the level of redundancy, ground segments and validation.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.6<\/span><span>What this edition is, and is not<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What this edition is<\/h3><p>A baseline: the 2026 state of the world\u2019s Earth observation and planetary intelligence system and the couplings through which it carries risk into other <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. It synthesises published evidence and ranks no country, company or asset.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What it is not<\/h3><p>Not a ranking of space agencies or satellite operators, a forecast of any mission outcome, a procurement recommendation or an assessment of any agency, company or government. Mission decisions, data policy and funding rest with agencies, legislatures and operators.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What comes next<\/h3><p>National, regional and sector evidence feeds the 2027 Earth observation edition through the federation. Each edition reports what changed against this baseline: observations, source revisions, method changes, scenario updates and corrections.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem (ed.), Annual Report 2024. European Space Agency and consortium partners, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>USGS National Land Imaging Program (ed.), NLI Update to the National Geospatial Advisory Committee, March and April 2026 (fiscal year 2025 archive statistics; Landsat 8 and 9 status). US Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), State of the Global Climate 2025, one-page summary of the report released 23 March 2026. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025 (greenhouse gases 2024). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service (ed.), Global Climate Highlights 2025. ECMWF, Reading, for the European Commission. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>UNDRR and WMO (eds.), Global Status of Multi-Hazard <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early Warning<\/a> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> 2025, as reported in the WMO press release of 12 November 2025, Early warning systems reach new heights, but critical gaps jeopardise global progress (the report itself was not opened). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), FutureEO after CM25 (Floberghagen), presentation on the outcome of the November 2025 ministerial meeting for the Earth Observation Programme. European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), Terra: The End of an Era (with end-of-science projections for Terra, Aqua and Aura). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Environmental Defense Fund and MethaneSAT (eds.), MethaneSAT loses contact with satellite, project update of 1 July 2025. Environmental Defense Fund, New York. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>NSIDC (ed.), User notice: SSMIS data processing to end by 30 June 2025, with update extending processing through 31 July 2025. National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>ESA <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h23\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 space.orbital.space-debris\" data-tk=\"Space and near-Earth \u00b7 Impacts and orbital hazards\" data-td=\"Defunct satellites, rocket stages and fragments in orbit that can strike working spacecraft and crewed stations.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H23\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/space\/\" data-txl=\"Space and near-Earth\">Space Debris<\/a> Office (ed.), ESA\u2019s Annual Space Environment Report, issue 10.0, 1 May 2026. European Space Agency, ESOC, Darmstadt. Observation year 2025 (modelled population at reference epoch August 2024). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>ECMWF (ed.), ECMWF\u2019s AI forecasts become operational, 25 February 2025. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>GCOS (ed.), The 2022 GCOS Implementation Plan (GCOS-244), abstract and summary of themes, as held in the AWI EPIC repository (the full plan was not opened). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cs-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-part-coupled-system\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/\">Global Earth Observation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 1<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Observation is where evidence begins<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Part I describes systems and their couplings. It ranks no country or operator and assesses no authority.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>2 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>16 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.1<\/span><span>The questions this part answers<\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Key questions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Where is Earth observation risk concentrated?<\/li><li>Which couplings carry Earth observation shocks into other <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>?<\/li><li>Which Earth observation capabilities hold under compound stress?<\/li><li>What must 2027 evidence measure first?<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">In this part<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Narrative<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Headline finding<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Lead figure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Five coupling chapters<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Twelve-domain reading<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Sector screens<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Dependency matrix<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Risk objects<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Capability ladder<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Scenario<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Three lenses<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Portfolio<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.2<\/span><span>The argument<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>Earth observation is usually described as a technology. The 2026 evidence reads it as the layer that makes every other system\u2019s risk visible. Warnings, crop reports, forest alerts, sea level records and flood maps all start from the same small set of instruments<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The data side has changed fast. Open archives now deliver data at scale: more than 200 PB from one European service in 2024 and 145 million Landsat products downloaded in fiscal year 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>. Data-driven forecasting is now operational, alongside physics-based models<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The sensing side is more fragile than the data side. Terra, Aqua and Aura are projected to reach end of science between February 2027 and August 2028<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>, Landsat 8 is projected to fall below 50% availability in 2030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>, and MethaneSAT was lost within about 15 months of launch<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup>. A programme that depends on one mission has no margin.<\/p><p>Funding is uneven. Europe subscribed EUR 3.4 billion to its Earth observation programme in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>, while the FY2026 US request proposed restructuring Landsat Next with no funding for it<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>. The warning side shows the same pattern: 119 countries report a system, and small island developing States lag<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-fig1-t\">How far does early warning reach? Countries reporting a multi-hazard early warning system, 2025 (%)<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Coverage differs by 29 percentage points between the highest and lowest group shown. Having a system is not the same as having a functioning one; the issuers measure comprehensiveness separately<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Asia-Pacific<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">72<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">All countries<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"83.3\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">60<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Americas and Caribbean<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"70.8\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">51<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Small island developing States<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"59.7\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">43<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: as cited in the note to this figure. Year 2025.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Figure ID FIG-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-01-003<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">119<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">countries<\/span><p>with a multi-hazard <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning-system\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An integrated system of risk knowledge, monitoring and forecasting, warning dissemination and preparedness that enables timely action ahead of hazards.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning system<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">45<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>improvement in comprehensiveness score since 2015<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">72<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>comprehensiveness increase in Africa since 2015<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">times<\/span><p>lower disaster mortality where <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> are more comprehensive<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.3<\/span><span>Twenty couplings between five systems<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The Earth observation-centred matrix types the twenty couplings between the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, read for their Earth observation content. Strengths are Nexus estimates (ESTIMATED) from the cited evidence and analogue events; they set the graph that 2027 evidence will test.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-fig2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-fig2-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-fig2-t\">Couplings between the five systems<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Each line is one coupling from one system to another, drawn by the strength the edition assigns. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events.<\/p><\/figcaption><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-ring\" viewBox=\"0 0 340 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Coupling ring: 20 typed couplings between water, energy, food, health and biodiversity. The matrix in the next table carries every value.\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><ul class=\"nrp-legend\"><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"STRONG\"><\/span>Strong<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"MODERATE\"><\/span>Moderate<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"WEAK\"><\/span>Weak<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: this edition&#8217;s coupling matrix (Table 1.1); status Estimated.<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling matrix: from the row system to the column system<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">From, to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">WAT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">ENE<\/th><th scope=\"col\">FOO<\/th><th scope=\"col\">HLT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">BIO<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><b>WAT<\/b> Water<\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">reservoir levels inform operations<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">soil moisture \u00b7 irrigated area<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">flood and disease-risk mapping<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">surface extent \u00b7 lakes and rivers [33]<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>ENE<\/b> Energy<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">power for gauges and telemetry<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">power for ground stations<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">power for warning delivery<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">siting pressure<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>FOO<\/b> Food<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">irrigation change in the record<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">biofuel land signal<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">crop failure to hunger<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">cropland expansion in forest loss<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>HLT<\/b> Health<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">labour<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">residues<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>BIO<\/b> Biodiversity<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">catchment condition<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">biomass signal<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pollination and soils<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">smoke and fire exposure<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"6\">Strength: strong, moderate or weak; a Nexus estimate (status Estimated) from cited evidence and analogue events. The scale is defined in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Transmission paths<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">EO \u2192 WAT \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Soil moisture and rainfall records feed crop condition reports.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> monthly crop condition reports since 2016<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">EO \u2192 BIO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Forest and surface water change mapped from archives.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> 30 m forest and surface water maps<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">EO \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Heat and hazard monitoring feeds warning systems.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> 119 countries with systems<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">INF \u2192 EO \u2192 CLI<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Loss of a mission breaks a long climate record.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> 2025 microwave and methane losses<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">AIC \u2192 EO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Data-driven models rely on archive depth and open access.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> models trained on Landsat and Sentinel-2<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>UNDRR and WMO (eds.), Global Status of Multi-Hazard <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early Warning<\/a> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> 2025, as reported in the WMO press release of 12 November 2025, Early warning systems reach new heights, but critical gaps jeopardise global progress (the report itself was not opened). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), State of the Global Climate 2025, one-page summary of the report released 23 March 2026. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025 (greenhouse gases 2024). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Resources Institute and Global Forest Watch (eds.), Global Forest Watch\u2019s 2025 Tree Cover Loss Data Explained (with University of Maryland GLAD tree cover loss data and comparison with JRC and PRODES series). WRI, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem (ed.), Annual Report 2024. European Space Agency and consortium partners, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>USGS National Land Imaging Program (ed.), NLI Update to the National Geospatial Advisory Committee, March and April 2026 (fiscal year 2025 archive statistics; Landsat 8 and 9 status). US Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>ECMWF (ed.), ECMWF\u2019s AI forecasts become operational, 25 February 2025. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>ECMWF (ed.), ECMWF\u2019s ensemble AI forecasts become operational (AIFS ENS), 2025. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), Terra: The End of an Era (with end-of-science projections for Terra, Aqua and Aura). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Environmental Defense Fund and MethaneSAT (eds.), MethaneSAT loses contact with satellite, project update of 1 July 2025. Environmental Defense Fund, New York. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), FutureEO after CM25 (Floberghagen), presentation on the outcome of the November 2025 ministerial meeting for the Earth Observation Programme. European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Congressional Research Service (ed.), Landsat, What\u2019s Next? In Focus IN12281, updated 16 June 2025. Congressional Research Service, Washington. Observation year 2025 (FY2026 request). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>NASA Harvest (ed.), GEOGLAM Crop Monitor for Early Warning Releases 100th Issue, 5 December 2024. NASA Harvest, College Park. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>Hansen, M.C. et al., High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change, Science 342(6160), 850 to 853, 2013 (journal record and summary opened). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2012 (study period 2000 to 2012). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>Pekel, J.-F. et al., High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes, Nature 540, 418 to 422, 2016. Springer Nature, London. Observation year 2015 (study period 1984 to 2015). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>NSIDC (ed.), User notice: SSMIS data processing to end by 30 June 2025, with update extending processing through 31 July 2025. National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>Szwarcman, D. et al., Prithvi-EO-2.0: A Versatile Multi-Temporal Foundation Model for Earth Observation Applications, arXiv preprint 2412.02732, December 2024 (abstract opened; not peer reviewed). Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c1-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-part-findings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/\">Global Earth Observation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 2<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Key findings<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Twelve findings carry the Earth observation baseline. They are grouped by coupling and never ranked. Each resolves to its source or, where Nexus analysis is involved, to its stated method.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>14 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.1<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-HLT-009\">NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-HLT-009<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">119 countries, or 60% of all countries, reported a multi-hazard <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning-system\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An integrated system of risk knowledge, monitoring and forecasting, warning dissemination and preparedness that enables timely action ahead of hazards.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning system<\/a> in 2025, but only 43% of small island developing States did.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 2.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-fig1-t\">Share of countries reporting a multi-hazard early warning system, 2025 (%)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">All countries<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"83.3\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">60<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Asia-Pacific (highest region)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">72<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Americas and Caribbean (lowest region)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"70.8\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">51<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Small island developing States<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"59.7\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">43<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: UNDRR and WMO status report, WMO press release of 12 November 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figure><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Implication<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">Warning depends on satellites, networks and models, and also on risk knowledge, dissemination and response. Mortality is nearly six times lower in countries with more comprehensive <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> than in countries with limited capabilities, and Africa shows the greatest gain since 2015 (72% in comprehensiveness) yet the lowest scores<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>. Observation gaps below the satellite layer limit what a warning can say<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What would move it<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">The next status report, the 2027 target of the Early Warnings for All initiative, and the surface network data flow from Africa and small island developing States would each move this finding.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.2<\/span><span>Climate forcing<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\">NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">WMO reports the 2025 global near-surface temperature at 1.43 \u00b1 0.13 \u00b0C above the 1850 to 1900 average and places 2025 as the second or third warmest year; the Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service reports 1.47 \u00b0C and the third warmest.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002\">NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Global mean sea level rose at 4.75 mm a year in 2012 to 2025, against 2.65 mm a year in 1993 to 2011, and ocean heat content reached the highest level in the 66-year record in 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.3<\/span><span>Infrastructure<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-003\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-003\">NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-003<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">ESA models about 54,000 objects larger than 10 cm in orbit, including about 9,300 active payloads, and about 1,200 intact objects re-entered in 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.4<\/span><span>Data and digital<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-DAT-004\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-DAT-004\">NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-DAT-004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem held nearly 80 PB online in December 2024, delivered more than 200 PB in 2024 and grew its registered users from 84,000 to nearly 290,000.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-DAT-005\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-DAT-005\">NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-DAT-005<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The USGS Landsat archive recorded 145 million product downloads and 28 billion accesses through commercial cloud in fiscal year 2025, and Landsat 8 is projected to fall below 50% availability in 2030.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.5<\/span><span>Governance<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-GOV-006\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-GOV-006\">NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-GOV-006<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">ESA members subscribed EUR 3.4 billion to the Earth Observation Programme at the November 2025 ministerial meeting, within a record EUR 22.3 billion in total.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-GOV-008\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-GOV-008\">NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-GOV-008<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">NASA projects end of science for Terra in February 2027, Aqua in September 2027 and Aura in August 2028, from fuel and power limits.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.6<\/span><span>Finance<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-007\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-007\">NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-007<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Institutional space budgets reached EUR 106 billion in 2023, with defence just above half for the first time; in the Earth observation downstream market, 62% of value came from services and 38% from data sales.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.7<\/span><span>Health<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-HLT-009\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-HLT-009\">NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-HLT-009<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">119 countries, or 60%, reported a multi-hazard <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning-system\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An integrated system of risk knowledge, monitoring and forecasting, warning dissemination and preparedness that enables timely action ahead of hazards.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning system<\/a> in 2025, but only 43% of small island developing States did, and mortality is nearly six times lower where <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> are more comprehensive.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.8<\/span><span>Biodiversity<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-BIO-010\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-BIO-010\">NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-BIO-010<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Forests cover 4.14 billion hectares, or 32% of land, and tropical primary forest loss detected from satellite data fell 36% between 2024 and 2025 after a record fire year.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.9<\/span><span>AIC<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-AIC-011\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-AIC-011\">NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-AIC-011<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">ECMWF took its data-driven forecasting system into operations on 25 February 2025, and its ensemble version is reported to run over 10 times faster with about 1,000 times less energy than the physics-based system, at lower resolution.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.10<\/span><span>Systemic<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\">NRF-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The leading compound pathway for 2027 testing is an observation gap that coincides with an extreme season in a region with thin in situ coverage. \u00a7 scenario<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>UNDRR and WMO (eds.), Global Status of Multi-Hazard <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early Warning<\/a> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> 2025, as reported in the WMO press release of 12 November 2025, Early warning systems reach new heights, but critical gaps jeopardise global progress (the report itself was not opened). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>GCOS (ed.), The 2022 GCOS Implementation Plan (GCOS-244), abstract and summary of themes, as held in the AWI EPIC repository (the full plan was not opened). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), State of the Global Climate 2025, one-page summary of the report released 23 March 2026. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025 (greenhouse gases 2024). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service (ed.), Global Climate Highlights 2025. ECMWF, Reading, for the European Commission. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>ESA <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h23\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 space.orbital.space-debris\" data-tk=\"Space and near-Earth \u00b7 Impacts and orbital hazards\" data-td=\"Defunct satellites, rocket stages and fragments in orbit that can strike working spacecraft and crewed stations.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H23\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/space\/\" data-txl=\"Space and near-Earth\">Space Debris<\/a> Office (ed.), ESA\u2019s Annual Space Environment Report, issue 10.0, 1 May 2026. European Space Agency, ESOC, Darmstadt. Observation year 2025 (modelled population at reference epoch August 2024). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem (ed.), Annual Report 2024. European Space Agency and consortium partners, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>USGS National Land Imaging Program (ed.), NLI Update to the National Geospatial Advisory Committee, March and April 2026 (fiscal year 2025 archive statistics; Landsat 8 and 9 status). US Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), FutureEO after CM25 (Floberghagen), presentation on the outcome of the November 2025 ministerial meeting for the Earth Observation Programme. European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), Terra: The End of an Era (with end-of-science projections for Terra, Aqua and Aura). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), The Space Economy in 2023, ESA space economy report, published December 2024 (title page not present in the extracted text; section 2 headed The Space Economy in 2023). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>FAO (ed.), Global deforestation slows, but forests remain under pressure, FAO report shows, release on the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025, 21 October 2025. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Resources Institute and Global Forest Watch (eds.), Global Forest Watch\u2019s 2025 Tree Cover Loss Data Explained (with University of Maryland GLAD tree cover loss data and comparison with JRC and PRODES series). WRI, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>ECMWF (ed.), ECMWF\u2019s AI forecasts become operational, 25 February 2025. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>ECMWF (ed.), ECMWF\u2019s ensemble AI forecasts become operational (AIFS ENS), 2025. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c2-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-part-systems-and-sectors\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/\">Global Earth Observation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 3<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems and sectors at baseline<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>21 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.1<\/span><span>Where each system stood at evidence close<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">CLI \u00b7 Climate<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Global temperature above 1850 to 1900<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">1.43<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">\u00b0C<\/span><p>Copernicus ERA5: 1.47 \u00b0C<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>WMO<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">CLI \u00b7 Sea level<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Rate of sea level rise, 2012 to 2025<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">4.75<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">mm a year<\/span><p>2.65 mm a year in 1993 to 2011.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>WMO<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">INF \u00b7 Orbit<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Objects larger than 10 cm in orbit (modelled)<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">54,000<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">objects<\/span><p>about 9,300 are active payloads.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>ESA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">DAT \u00b7 Data<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EO data delivered by Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">&gt;200<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">PB<\/span><p>nearly 80 PB online.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>CDSE<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FIN \u00b7 Finance<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">ESA Earth Observation Programme subscriptions at CM25<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">3.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">EUR billion<\/span><p>of a record EUR 22.3 billion in total.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>ESA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SYS \u00b7 Cross-system<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Terra end-of-science projection<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">Feb 2027<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">projected<\/span><p>Aqua Sep 2027; Aura Aug 2028.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><span>2026<\/span><span>NASA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.2<\/span><span>Domain posture<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each of the twelve coupled domains is read through Earth observation, in words, not scored. The coupling column names the dependency that carries Earth observation risk into each domain.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Each domain read in words, not scored<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Domain<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Posture at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT<\/span><\/td><td>Surface extent, snow, ice, rainfall and ocean heat are tracked from space; glacier loss in 2024 to 2025 was among the five most negative on record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>. Water use volumes are not bound here.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">EO \u2192 WAT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE<\/span><\/td><td>Observation networks and ground segments need reliable power; no consolidated series is bound here.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE \u2192 EO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO<\/span><\/td><td>Monthly consensus crop condition reports for countries at risk of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 food-insecurity\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A situation in which people lack reliable access to enough safe and nutritious food for active and healthy lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">food insecurity<\/a> have run since 2016 and reached a 100th issue in December 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">EO \u2192 FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT<\/span><\/td><td>119 countries report multi-hazard <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a>; heat caused an average of 546,000 deaths a year in the Lancet Countdown series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">EO \u2192 HLT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Forest change is mapped at 30 m from Landsat; 2.3 million km2 lost and 0.8 million km2 gained in 2000 to 2012<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup>; tropical primary forest loss fell 36% in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">EO \u2192 BIO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CLI<\/span><\/td><td>2025 was 1.43 \u00b0C above 1850 to 1900 on WMO\u2019s basis and 1.47 \u00b0C on the Copernicus basis; sea level 4.75 mm a year<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">EO \u2192 CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF<\/span><\/td><td>About 54,000 objects larger than 10 cm are in orbit; 1,200 intact objects re-entered in 2025; ground stations and data hubs carry the system<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2194 EO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN<\/span><\/td><td>EUR 3.4 billion subscribed to the ESA Earth Observation Programme; institutional space budgets EUR 106 billion in 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN \u2192 EO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT<\/span><\/td><td>Nearly 80 PB online at one European service; 145 million Landsat downloads; a unified data policy adopted at WMO in 2021<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">EO \u2194 DAT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC<\/span><\/td><td>Data-driven forecasts operational at ECMWF since 25 February 2025; foundation models trained on Landsat and Sentinel-2 archives<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">EO \u2194 AIC<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN<\/span><\/td><td>Satellite and ground hardware depends on materials supply chains; no consolidated evidence is bound here.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN \u2192 EO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD<\/span><\/td><td>Launch services, imagery and data cross borders; the EU Space Act proposal would set common rules for operators serving the Union<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">EO \u2194 TRD<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.3<\/span><span>Sector screens<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">All sixteen sectors are screened for their dependence on Earth observation, on the same grammar as every national edition. The evidence column describes coverage of the baseline evidence, not the performance of the sector.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Sectors: baseline evidence and the exposure to watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Code<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Sector<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Exposure to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-00<\/span><\/td><td>Cross-system<\/td><td>Earth observation makes every system\u2019s change visible<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>observation gap under extremes<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-01<\/span><\/td><td>Water<\/td><td>surface water change mapped at 30 m<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>flood and low-flow monitoring<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-02<\/span><\/td><td>Energy<\/td><td>networks and ground stations need power<\/td><td>loss of ground segment<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-03<\/span><\/td><td>Food and Agrifood <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a><\/td><td>monthly crop condition consensus reports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>crop shock monitoring<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-04<\/span><\/td><td>Health and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 one-health\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An integrated approach that recognises the health of people, animals, plants and ecosystems as interdependent and manages risks across them together.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">One Health<\/a><\/td><td>119 countries report <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat and outbreak warning<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-05<\/span><\/td><td>Finance and Economy<\/td><td>EUR 106 billion institutional space budgets<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>funding shift to defence<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-06<\/span><\/td><td>Development and Humanitarian<\/td><td>small island developing States at 43%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>warning gap in vulnerable settings<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-07<\/span><\/td><td>Climate and Earth Systems<\/td><td>1.43 \u00b0C above 1850 to 1900<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>record continuity<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-08<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster and Resilience<\/td><td>mortality six times lower with comprehensive systems<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 concurrent-hazards\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Two or more hazards affecting the same area or population at overlapping times, straining response capacity simultaneously.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">concurrent hazards<\/a><\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-09<\/span><\/td><td>Infrastructure, Transport and Logistics<\/td><td>ground stations, launch and data hubs<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>single points of failure<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-10<\/span><\/td><td>Cities and Urban Systems<\/td><td>heat exposure mapped from space<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>urban heat season<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-11<\/span><\/td><td>Biodiversity and Ecosystems<\/td><td>forest loss detected from satellite data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>fire-driven loss<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-12<\/span><\/td><td>Earth Observation and Planetary Intelligence<\/td><td>the sensing layer itself<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>mission continuity<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-13<\/span><\/td><td>Cyber and Digital Systems<\/td><td>ground segments and cloud archives<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>attack on a data hub<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-14<\/span><\/td><td>Policy, Institutions and Governance<\/td><td>unified data policy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>; EU Space Act proposal<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>data and space rules<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-15<\/span><\/td><td>Science and Engineering Frontier<\/td><td>foundation models and data-driven forecasts<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>validation outside training data<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service (ed.), Global Climate Highlights 2025. ECMWF, Reading, for the European Commission. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), State of the Global Climate 2025, one-page summary of the report released 23 March 2026. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025 (greenhouse gases 2024). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>ESA <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h23\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 space.orbital.space-debris\" data-tk=\"Space and near-Earth \u00b7 Impacts and orbital hazards\" data-td=\"Defunct satellites, rocket stages and fragments in orbit that can strike working spacecraft and crewed stations.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H23\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/space\/\" data-txl=\"Space and near-Earth\">Space Debris<\/a> Office (ed.), ESA\u2019s Annual Space Environment Report, issue 10.0, 1 May 2026. European Space Agency, ESOC, Darmstadt. Observation year 2025 (modelled population at reference epoch August 2024). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem (ed.), Annual Report 2024. European Space Agency and consortium partners, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), FutureEO after CM25 (Floberghagen), presentation on the outcome of the November 2025 ministerial meeting for the Earth Observation Programme. European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), Terra: The End of an Era (with end-of-science projections for Terra, Aqua and Aura). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>NASA Harvest (ed.), GEOGLAM Crop Monitor for <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early Warning<\/a> Releases 100th Issue, 5 December 2024. NASA Harvest, College Park. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>UNDRR and WMO (eds.), Global Status of Multi-Hazard Early Warning <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> 2025, as reported in the WMO press release of 12 November 2025, Early warning systems reach new heights, but critical gaps jeopardise global progress (the report itself was not opened). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>WHO (ed.), Climate inaction is claiming millions of lives every year, warns new Lancet Countdown report, news release of 29 October 2025. World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2024 (deaths averaged over the series period). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>Hansen, M.C. et al., High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change, Science 342(6160), 850 to 853, 2013 (journal record and summary opened). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2012 (study period 2000 to 2012). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Resources Institute and Global Forest Watch (eds.), Global Forest Watch\u2019s 2025 Tree Cover Loss Data Explained (with University of Maryland GLAD tree cover loss data and comparison with JRC and PRODES series). WRI, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), The Space Economy in 2023, ESA space economy report, published December 2024 (title page not present in the extracted text; section 2 headed The Space Economy in 2023). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>USGS National Land Imaging Program (ed.), NLI Update to the National Geospatial Advisory Committee, March and April 2026 (fiscal year 2025 archive statistics; Landsat 8 and 9 status). US Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), WMO Unified Data Policy Resolution (Res.1) of the Extraordinary World Meteorological Congress 2021, information page. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>ECMWF (ed.), ECMWF\u2019s AI forecasts become operational, 25 February 2025. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>Szwarcman, D. et al., Prithvi-EO-2.0: A Versatile Multi-Temporal Foundation Model for Earth Observation Applications, arXiv preprint 2412.02732, December 2024 (abstract opened; not peer reviewed). Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>European Commission (ed.), Proposal for a Regulation on the safety, resilience and sustainability of space activities in the Union (EU Space Act), COM(2025) 335 final, transmitted to the Council on 26 June 2025 as document 10935\/25. Council of the European Union, Brussels. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>Pekel, J.-F. et al., High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes, Nature 540, 418 to 422, 2016. Springer Nature, London. Observation year 2015 (study period 1984 to 2015). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>FAO (ed.), Global deforestation slows, but forests remain under pressure, FAO report shows, release on the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025, 21 October 2025. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Brown, C.F. et al., AlphaEarth Foundations: An embedding field model for accurate and efficient global mapping from sparse label data, arXiv preprint 2507.22291, July 2025 (abstract opened; not peer reviewed). Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>Lam, R. et al., Learning skillful medium-range global weather forecasting, Science 382(6677), 1416 to 1421, 2023 (journal record and abstract opened). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c3-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-part-risk-and-capability\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/\">Global Earth Observation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 4<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Risks and capability<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Four Earth observation risk objects open the portfolio. Order carries no rank. Each is read across driver, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, cascade and consequence.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>26 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.1<\/span><span>Risk objects<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each risk is read across the chain from hazard to consequence, with its status and evidence-quality level.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-GS12-INF-001<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Loss of long-record satellite observations<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>ageing flagships and uncertain funding<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>climate records, weather forecasts, land and ocean monitoring<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>single-mission records; intercalibration needed between missions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>Sentinel and Landsat series; new missions such as NISAR<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>INF \u2192 CLI, FOO, HLT<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1 to 5 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-GS12-INF-002<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Crowded orbits and re-entry debris<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>growth in launches and constellations<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>active payloads in low Earth orbit; ground observers<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>about 54,000 objects larger than 10 cm; 1,200 intact re-entries in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>mitigation guidelines; proposed common EU rules<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n44\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>INF \u2192 DAT \u2192 HLT<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1 to 10 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-GS12-DAT-003<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">In situ gaps beneath the satellite layer<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>uneven surface and ocean networks<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>Africa, South America, Southeast Asia, deep ocean and polar regions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>short-term funding for many in situ series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>basic observing network and financing facility<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup>; Argo floats, with 757 carrying biogeochemical sensors in February 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>DAT \u2192 HLT, FOO, WAT<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1 to 10 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-GS12-AIC-004<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Dependence on data-driven models and open archives<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>rapid adoption of foundation models and data-driven forecasts<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>forecast services, mapping products, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>validation outside training conditions is thin; lower resolution than physics-based ensembles<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>physics-based <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> kept in operation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup>; open benchmarks<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>AIC \u2192 HLT, FOO<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1 to 5 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.2<\/span><span>Capability ladder<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Existence is not readiness. Each of the fifteen capability functions is placed on the ladder by the strongest public evidence for Earth observation at the global level.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 4.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Capabilities on the ladder of evidence: listed, exists, demonstrated, tested<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Function<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rung<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Level<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Strongest public evidence at baseline<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Prevention and mitigation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>debris mitigation guidelines and national rules; adherence estimated by ESA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoring and observation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>ADEQUATE<\/td><td>strong global satellite coverage; in situ gaps persist<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>119 countries report multi-hazard <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>; gaps in small island developing States<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preparedness and planning<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>ESA subscriptions secured programme continuity to the next cycle<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Redundancy and reserves<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>multiple missions for some variables; no consolidated redundancy register<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Response<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>data processing extension for microwave data was temporary<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Continuity of critical services<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>Sentinel-1D completed the first series in orbit<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>; flagship ends projected<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recovery<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>no tested recovery from the loss of a flagship record is documented here<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adaptation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>open access and data-driven forecasting expanding<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Social protection<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>warning reach to the most exposed documented but not consolidated<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance and insurance<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>EUR 3.4 billion subscribed to ESA Earth observation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>; Copernicus Space Component CSC-4 envelope of EUR 3,124.11 million at 2019 economic conditions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Institutional coordination<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>GEO of 117 members; unified data policy at WMO<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Technical infrastructure<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>open cloud archives at scale<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>; ground segment resilience not consolidated<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Workforce<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>skills for Earth observation analytics reported in no consolidated series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Research capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>ADEQUATE<\/td><td>strong Earth observation and modelling science<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"4\">A capability listed in policy is not a tested one; each rung is the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), Terra: The End of an Era (with end-of-science projections for Terra, Aqua and Aura). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Congressional Research Service (ed.), Landsat, What\u2019s Next? In Focus IN12281, updated 16 June 2025. Congressional Research Service, Washington. Observation year 2025 (FY2026 request). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>GCOS (ed.), The 2022 GCOS Implementation Plan (GCOS-244), abstract and summary of themes, as held in the AWI EPIC repository (the full plan was not opened). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), NISAR mission page (launch 30 July 2025; joint mission with the Indian Space Research Organisation). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Sentinel-1D reaches orbit on Ariane 6, 4 November 2025. European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>ESA <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h23\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 space.orbital.space-debris\" data-tk=\"Space and near-Earth \u00b7 Impacts and orbital hazards\" data-td=\"Defunct satellites, rocket stages and fragments in orbit that can strike working spacecraft and crewed stations.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H23\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/space\/\" data-txl=\"Space and near-Earth\">Space Debris<\/a> Office (ed.), ESA\u2019s Annual Space Environment Report, issue 10.0, 1 May 2026. European Space Agency, ESOC, Darmstadt. Observation year 2025 (modelled population at reference epoch August 2024). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>European Commission (ed.), Proposal for a Regulation on the safety, resilience and sustainability of space activities in the Union (EU Space Act), COM(2025) 335 final, transmitted to the Council on 26 June 2025 as document 10935\/25. Council of the European Union, Brussels. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UN COPUOS (ed.), Guidelines for the Long-term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities, 2019, named in the opened ESA report [1]; no figure is used. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, Vienna. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r44\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 44\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), Closing the gaps in the observing network (news article on the Global Basic Observing Network and the Systematic Observations Financing Facility). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year not stated on the page. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: WMO and SOFF (eds.), Global Basic Observing Network compliance monitoring and SOFF annual reporting, taken from search-result summaries; no figure is used. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>US Argo Program (ed.), US Argo National Report for the Argo Steering Team meeting AST-26 (operational float counts as of February and April 2025). Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>ECMWF (ed.), ECMWF\u2019s AI forecasts become operational, 25 February 2025. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Brown, C.F. et al., AlphaEarth Foundations: An embedding field model for accurate and efficient global mapping from sparse label data, arXiv preprint 2507.22291, July 2025 (abstract opened; not peer reviewed). Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>Szwarcman, D. et al., Prithvi-EO-2.0: A Versatile Multi-Temporal Foundation Model for Earth Observation Applications, arXiv preprint 2412.02732, December 2024 (abstract opened; not peer reviewed). Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>ECMWF (ed.), ECMWF\u2019s ensemble AI forecasts become operational (AIFS ENS), 2025. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>UNDRR and WMO (eds.), Global Status of Multi-Hazard <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early Warning<\/a> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> 2025, as reported in the WMO press release of 12 November 2025, Early warning systems reach new heights, but critical gaps jeopardise global progress (the report itself was not opened). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), FutureEO after CM25 (Floberghagen), presentation on the outcome of the November 2025 ministerial meeting for the Earth Observation Programme. European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>NSIDC (ed.), User notice: SSMIS data processing to end by 30 June 2025, with update extending processing through 31 July 2025. National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem (ed.), Annual Report 2024. European Space Agency and consortium partners, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>ESA Council (ed.), Subscription to optional programmes at the CM25, ESA\/C-M(2025)100, rev. 5, Paris, 1 December 2025. European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>GEO Secretariat (ed.), GEO-21 Info 1.8 (Rev1): New Members, Participating Organizations and Associates. Group on Earth Observations, Geneva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), WMO Unified Data Policy Resolution (Res.1) of the Extraordinary World Meteorological Congress 2021, information page. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>USGS National Land Imaging Program (ed.), NLI Update to the National Geospatial Advisory Committee, March and April 2026 (fiscal year 2025 archive statistics; Landsat 8 and 9 status). US Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>Lam, R. et al., Learning skillful medium-range global weather forecasting, Science 382(6677), 1416 to 1421, 2023 (journal record and abstract opened). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>Hansen, M.C. et al., High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change, Science 342(6160), 850 to 853, 2013 (journal record and summary opened). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2012 (study period 2000 to 2012). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>Pekel, J.-F. et al., High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes, Nature 540, 418 to 422, 2016. Springer Nature, London. Observation year 2015 (study period 1984 to 2015). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c4-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-part-scenario\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c5-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/\">Global Earth Observation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 5<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Observation gap under an extreme season<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">A conditional statement under stated assumptions, never a prediction.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>2 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>2 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c5-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c5-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c5-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.1<\/span><span>Assumptions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Scenario SCN-GS12-GAP-01: what is assumed, and what is held constant.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Baseline<\/dt><dd>the 2026 reference state in this edition<\/dd><dt>Drivers<\/dt><dd>a flagship mission reaching end of life, or a loss of data flow, that coincides with an <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/energy-nexus\/\" data-tal=\"Energy Nexus\">extreme heat<\/a> or flood season in a region with thin in situ coverage<\/dd><dt>Analogues<\/dt><dd>the 2025 loss of MethaneSAT and the planned end of microwave data processing<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c5-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c5-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c5-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c5-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Interventions<\/dt><dd>none modelled: the specification describes the unmitigated case<\/dd><dt>Run state<\/dt><dd>narrative specification; quantified run scheduled for 2027<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c5-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c5-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c5-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.2<\/span><span>The cascade, step by step<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">INF \u2192 EO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">a mission ends or a data flow stops; the record is broken<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2025<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">EO \u2192 CLI<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">gaps in the climate and weather record affect initial conditions and trend analysis<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2025<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">EO \u2192 WAT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">flood and low-flow monitoring lose a sensor in the season it is needed<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">to test<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">EO \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">crop condition reports lose data in a stress year<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">to test<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">EO \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">heat and hazard warnings carry less precise information<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">to test<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">EO \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">insurers and public budgets face wider uncertainty<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">to test<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c5-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c5-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c5-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.3<\/span><span>The scenario as a table of steps<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">How the shock in scenario SCN-GS12-GAP-01 would travel through Global Earth Observation and Planetary Intelligence&#8217;s coupled <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, step by step, under the assumptions the edition states.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Infrastructure to eo<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A mission ends or a data flow stops; the record is broken. Analogue or source: 2025.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition GS-12, scenario SCN-GS12-GAP-01, step 1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 EO to climate<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Gaps in the climate and weather record affect initial conditions and trend analysis. Analogue or source: 2025.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition GS-12, scenario SCN-GS12-GAP-01, step 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 EO to water<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Flood and low-flow monitoring lose a sensor in the season it is needed. Analogue or source: to test.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition GS-12, scenario SCN-GS12-GAP-01, step 3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 EO to food<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Crop condition reports lose data in a stress year. Analogue or source: to test.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition GS-12, scenario SCN-GS12-GAP-01, step 4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 EO to health<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Heat and hazard warnings carry less precise information. Analogue or source: to test.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition GS-12, scenario SCN-GS12-GAP-01, step 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 EO to finance<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Insurers and public budgets face wider uncertainty. Analogue or source: to test.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition GS-12, scenario SCN-GS12-GAP-01, step 6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of a conditional scenario under the edition&#8217;s stated assumptions: not a forecast, not a prediction and not a warning. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/scenario\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Global Earth Observation 2026, scenario SCN-GS12-GAP-01<\/a> (2026); Global Earth Observation 2026, references (NR-CIT-1) (2026).<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c5-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c5-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c5-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c5-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Environmental Defense Fund and MethaneSAT (eds.), MethaneSAT loses contact with satellite, project update of 1 July 2025. Environmental Defense Fund, New York. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c5-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c5-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>NSIDC (ed.), User notice: SSMIS data processing to end by 30 June 2025, with update extending processing through 31 July 2025. National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c5-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-part-lenses-and-readings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/\">Global Earth Observation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 6<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Readings from the other desks<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The Earth observation baseline is read through each steward\u2019s lens, then once as a whole. Each lens is a projection of reviewed findings, not a separate argument. The other desks&#8217; own editions of this subject are listed first, as cross-references, not copies.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>14 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>8 tables<\/span><span>33 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.1<\/span><span>The other desks&#8217; editions of this subject<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Federation: each desk writes its own edition for the subjects in its remit. Until a desk releases, its edition shows its frame and the reading this edition printed for it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Desk<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-host=\"true\"><th scope=\"row\">GCRI Systems Evidence<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRF Public Deliberation<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRA Capital Readiness<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Standards Progress<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Academy Capability<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Index Measurement<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.2<\/span><span>Three lenses<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">One edition, read by each steward. The lens of this site comes first.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\" data-host=\"true\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports reading Earth observation as the sensing layer of the WEFH+B system. Data are open and abundant, models are changing fast, and continuity of sensors is the sharpest pressure. Evidence is strongest for climate state and data access, and weakest for in situ coverage, footprint and validation of data-driven products.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-001 \u00b7 GOV-008 \u00b7 DAT-004 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRF \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people Earth observation arrives as a warning, a forecast or a map. The baseline asks that public debate treat observation as shared infrastructure, and keep the countries and islands with thin coverage in view alongside the story of abundant data.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">HLT-009 \u00b7 DAT-004 \u00b7 GOV-008<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRA \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Public funding is rising in Europe and shifting toward defence globally, and the Earth observation downstream market is mostly services<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>. These show where finance-readiness evidence will matter. Nothing here is advice, a rating or an approval.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">GOV-006 \u00b7 FIN-007<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>The sensing layer is well measured at the level of data volumes and climate state and thinly measured at the level of redundancy, ground segments and validation. The 2027 programme should bind regional observing evidence, test the observation gap under extremes, and map single-mission records before they end.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">SYS-012 \u00b7 O-01 \u00b7 O-02<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.3<\/span><span>Standards, Academy and steward contributions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">How the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> drafts, the Risk Academy and the three stewards feed each quarterly edition for Earth observation. The standards are a preparatory working draft (2026) and are cited as drafts, never as adopted standards.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The quarterly rhythm every edition follows<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Quarter<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Boundary<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Q1<\/td><td>State and Agenda<\/td><td>What matters this year, and what is the starting position?<\/td><td>observed baseline stays distinct from planned work<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q2<\/td><td>Evidence and Build<\/td><td>What new evidence and capability exist?<\/td><td>a configured capability is not a validated result<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q3<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stress Test<\/a> and Readiness<\/td><td>What do scenarios and tests show?<\/td><td>simulated loss or performance is not observed impact<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q4<\/td><td>Annual Synthesis and Renewal<\/td><td>What changed in the year, and what renews?<\/td><td>release follows review, not event publicity deadlines<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Who contributes what each quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Steward or body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contribution route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GCRI Canada<\/td><td>Lead Institution and Consortium Secretariat; publisher of record; technical truth (key T)<\/td><td>science and practice communities \u00b7 GCRI gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Forum (GRF)<\/td><td>leadership, dialogue and the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> programme; public meaning (key M)<\/td><td>policy, Universe and national adoption \u00b7 GRF gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)<\/td><td>finance, insurance and development readiness; capital meaning (key F)<\/td><td>finance and insurance \u00b7 GRA gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nexus Standards<\/td><td>preparatory drafts on vocabulary, hazards, indicators and methods<\/td><td>Standards site \u00b7 working groups HAZ, IND, MTH, FIN, AI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk Academy<\/td><td>learning pathways tied to the agenda questions<\/td><td>Academy gateway \u00b7 learning by review<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> sector desks<\/td><td>Earth observation chapter inputs: GCRI evidence, GRA readiness, NXS standards, RA capability<\/td><td>sector editorial board<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards drafts used in this edition<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Risk vocabulary NRS-C1 (424 terms) for terms in the glossary<\/li><li>Hazard atlas NHS-1 1.1.0 (905 hazards in 120 families) for risk objects<\/li><li>Seven risk classes: global, catastrophic, existential, emerging, planetary, exponential, frontier-tech<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards calendar to watch<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Founding calls from 20 October 2026; working groups meet from 5 November 2026<\/li><li>Inaugural Global Standards Council session, 12 January 2027<\/li><li>Quarterly reviews in March, June, September and December, aligned with each edition<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Nothing here certifies. A Nexus attestation records an evaluation under a mandate; it confers no certification, endorsement or approval. Adoption of any standard is a decision of the competent standards body.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.4<\/span><span>GCRI reading: the model card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-p\">GCRI&#8217;s reading of this edition is its model card: what the national model is, what it computes and where it stops. It is printed in full in Annex A, with the methods it belongs to. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/methodology\/\">Annex A, methodology<\/a><\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.5<\/span><span>Global Risks Forum reading: editorial essays<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Four signed essays by the Reports editorial team set out the positions this edition takes. They are interpretation, labelled as such; the evidence they draw on is in the findings register.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">A flood map, a crop report and a heat warning all begin in the same sensors. Treating Earth observation as a technology market understates how it carries evidence between systems. This edition asks what each system loses when a sensor goes dark.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 01<\/h3><p>Observation is a coupling, not a sector<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Open archives deliver data at scale, yet the instruments behind long records age and funding is decided year by year. Measuring the whole chain, from sensor to decision, is the first adaptation.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 02<\/h3><p>Abundant data, fragile sensors<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Data-driven forecasts and foundation models run faster and use less energy, and they depend on deep, open and consistent archives. The risk moves from the sensor alone to the archive and the validation. This is an early lesson, not a verdict on any model.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 03<\/h3><p>Models move the risk to the archive<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Small island developing States report early warning systems at 43%, and in situ networks are thin over Africa and the deep ocean. Closing those gaps is not separate from resilience; it is part of it.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 04<\/h3><p>Coverage is the unfinished half<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Essays are signed views of the editorial team. Contributed articles from regional consortia, national pathways and invited experts begin with the 2027 global edition, each with its own review route and disclosures.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.6<\/span><span>Global Risks Alliance reading: 2027 Earth observation readiness pack<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The registers that open the 2027 global cycle. At baseline each is initialised from this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">2027 Earth observation readiness pack<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Register<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First 2027 entry<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>E1<\/td><td>Earth Observation risk state delta<\/td><td>baseline set by this edition<\/td><td>changes against the baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E2<\/td><td>WEFH+B state delta<\/td><td>five global system readings set<\/td><td>indicator updates and freshness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E3<\/td><td>Agenda and Portfolio movement<\/td><td>eight agenda items \u00b7 6 proposed objects<\/td><td>admission decisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E4<\/td><td>Federation delivery register<\/td><td>national chapters in preparation<\/td><td>national chapters<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E5<\/td><td>Consortium capability register<\/td><td>national consortia forming<\/td><td>first contributions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E6<\/td><td>Leadership questions and challenges<\/td><td>none yet<\/td><td>first challenge log<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E7<\/td><td>Foundry technical state<\/td><td>national environments prepared<\/td><td>first federation cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E8<\/td><td>Publication candidates<\/td><td>twelve findings carried forward<\/td><td>PUBLISH \u00b7 HOLD dispositions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E9<\/td><td>Universe readiness<\/td><td>one candidate mission<\/td><td>admission and role spine<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E10<\/td><td>Correction register<\/td><td>none<\/td><td>first federation-wide cycle<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication dispositions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Publish<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hold<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Needs evidence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Restricted<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Superseded<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Programme progress is not real-world risk improvement. These registers record the work of the Nexus programme; they report on no state or organisation.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.7<\/span><span>Nexus Standards reading: standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Instruments and published guidance that shape the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in this edition, by status on the retrieval date. <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus standards<\/a> drafts used for terms and hazards are cited as preparatory working draft (2026). The edition assesses no one\u2019s compliance.<\/p><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">IN FORCE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ADOPTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">PUBLISHED \u00b7 GUIDANCE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instrument<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Scope<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Relevance<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Unified Data Policy, Resolution 1 of the Extraordinary Congress<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>WMO<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2021<\/td><td>data exchange<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EU Space Act proposal, COM(2025) 335<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>European Commission<\/td><td>EU<\/td><td>PROPOSED 2025<\/td><td>space rules<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Union Space Programme Regulation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>European Union<\/td><td>EU<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>Copernicus<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>High-value datasets implementing regulation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>European Commission<\/td><td>EU<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>open data<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CEOS Analysis Ready Data specifications<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CEOS<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/td><td>interoperability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ISO 19115-1 geographic metadata<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ISO<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/td><td>metadata<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Guidelines for the Long-term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n44\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UN COPUOS<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>PUBLISHED \u00b7 GUIDANCE<\/td><td>orbit sustainability<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Changed since 2024<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>The EU Space Act proposal was tabled on 25 June 2025 and would apply to assets launched after 1 January 2030 if adopted<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The WMO Unified Data Policy was adopted in 2021 and is in the standards watch<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The third phase of Destination Earth was confirmed on 1 February 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">To watch in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Progress of the EU Space Act proposal through Parliament and Council<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Updates to the CEOS Analysis Ready Data specifications<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The next GCOS status report and actions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Status is read from the issuing body on the retrieval date. Instruments open for signature or awaiting ratification are labelled as such; a change in status opens a review task for every finding that relies on the instrument.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.8<\/span><span>Risk Academy reading: literature and evidence review, science and assessments<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The review behind this edition covers Earth observation assessments, peer-reviewed science and the institutional reports that bind its findings. Systematic reviews for each agenda item begin in 2027.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Review protocol<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Question<\/dt><dd>What does the published evidence establish about the world\u2019s Earth observation and planetary intelligence system and its couplings?<\/dd><dt>Sources searched<\/dt><dd>agency flagships; programme documents; peer-reviewed Earth observation literature; statistics<\/dd><dt>Window<\/dt><dd>releases available at evidence close, 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Selection<\/dt><dd>sources that bind or contextualise a finding in this edition<\/dd><dt>Next step<\/dt><dd>systematic reviews for agenda items 01 to 05 in 2027<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Peer-reviewed science and preprints<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Hansen et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2013<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>forest change from Landsat<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pekel et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2016<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>surface water change<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lam et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>data-driven forecasting<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Brown et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>preprint<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>embedding field model<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Szwarcman et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>preprint<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>foundation model<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zhu et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2019<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>free and open data benefits<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Institutional flagships<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>State of the Global Climate 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>WMO<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>climate indicators<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global Climate Highlights 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>temperature<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Space Environment Report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ESA<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>orbital environment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>FAO<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>forest extent<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2022 GCOS Implementation Plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>GCOS<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>observing gaps<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GCOS Status Report 2021<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>GCOS<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>status of observation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global Assessment Report 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNDRR<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>disaster risk<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2025 Lancet Countdown<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n45\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Lancet Countdown<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>health and climate<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Programmes, statistics and data services<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Annual report 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>data access<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National Land Imaging Program update<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>USGS<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>Landsat statistics<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Landsat, What\u2019s Next?<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CRS<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>Landsat Next<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Post-CM25 presentation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ESA<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>programme funding<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Subscription tables, CM25<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ESA Council<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>programme envelopes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Space Economy in 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ESA<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>space budgets<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Space Economy in Figures<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>OECD<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>public budgets<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Policy, data rules and standards<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Unified Data Policy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>WMO<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>data exchange<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EU Space Act proposal<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>European Commission<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>space rules<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Analysis Ready Data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CEOS<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>data interoperability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ISO 19115-1<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ISO<\/td><td>2014<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>metadata<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Space Programme Regulation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>European Union<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>Copernicus<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>High-value datasets regulation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>European Commission<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>open data<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Long-term sustainability guidelines<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UN COPUOS<\/td><td>2019<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>space sustainability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Basic observing network and financing facility<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>WMO<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>in situ networks<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Warning status report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNDRR and WMO<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where the evidence agrees<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>The climate indicators from WMO and Copernicus point the same way, with a small difference in level<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Open data access has expanded and use is growing<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>In situ observations are deficient over parts of Africa, South America, Southeast Asia, the deep ocean and the poles<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where it is unsettled<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>How funding for NASA Earth science and Landsat Next resolves after the FY2026 request<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How far data-driven forecasts and foundation models hold outside their training conditions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How 2025 temperature is stated: WMO 1.43 \u00b0C and Copernicus 1.47 \u00b0C, and the ranking differs<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEWS AND PREPRINTS<\/p><p>No news report or preprint binds a finding in this edition. News is used only to date events; preprints used from 2027 will be flagged as not peer-reviewed.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), FutureEO after CM25 (Floberghagen), presentation on the outcome of the November 2025 ministerial meeting for the Earth Observation Programme. European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), The Space Economy in 2023, ESA space economy report, published December 2024 (title page not present in the extracted text; section 2 headed The Space Economy in 2023). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), WMO Unified Data Policy Resolution (Res.1) of the Extraordinary World Meteorological Congress 2021, information page. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>European Commission (ed.), Proposal for a Regulation on the safety, resilience and sustainability of space activities in the Union (EU Space Act), COM(2025) 335 final, transmitted to the Council on 26 June 2025 as document 10935\/25. Council of the European Union, Brussels. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Regulation (EU) 2021\/696 establishing the Union Space Programme (including Copernicus), Official Journal of the European Union, 2021, cited from memory. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023\/138 laying down a list of specific high-value datasets and the arrangements for their publication and re-use, Official Journal of the European Union, 2023, cited from memory. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>CEOS (ed.), CEOS Analysis Ready Data, overview page. Committee on Earth Observation Satellites. Observation year 2026 (current page). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ISO 19115-1:2014, Geographic information: Metadata, Part 1, fundamentals. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva. The catalogue page returned an access error; cited from memory. Observation year 2014. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UN COPUOS (ed.), Guidelines for the Long-term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities, 2019, named in the opened ESA report [1]; no figure is used. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, Vienna. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 44\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>ECMWF (ed.), Third phase of Destination Earth confirmed, 1 February 2026. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>GCOS (ed.), The 2022 GCOS Implementation Plan (GCOS-244), abstract and summary of themes, as held in the AWI EPIC repository (the full plan was not opened). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: GCOS (ed.), The Status of the Global Climate Observing System 2021: The GCOS Status Report (GCOS-240). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Named in the opened summary of the 2022 plan [16]; no figure is used. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>Hansen, M.C. et al., High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change, Science 342(6160), 850 to 853, 2013 (journal record and summary opened). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2012 (study period 2000 to 2012). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>Pekel, J.-F. et al., High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes, Nature 540, 418 to 422, 2016. Springer Nature, London. Observation year 2015 (study period 1984 to 2015). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>Lam, R. et al., Learning skillful medium-range global weather forecasting, Science 382(6677), 1416 to 1421, 2023 (journal record and abstract opened). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Brown, C.F. et al., AlphaEarth Foundations: An embedding field model for accurate and efficient global mapping from sparse label data, arXiv preprint 2507.22291, July 2025 (abstract opened; not peer reviewed). Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>Szwarcman, D. et al., Prithvi-EO-2.0: A Versatile Multi-Temporal Foundation Model for Earth Observation Applications, arXiv preprint 2412.02732, December 2024 (abstract opened; not peer reviewed). Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Zhu et al., Benefits of the free and open Landsat data policy, Remote Sensing of Environment 224, 382 to 385, 2019. Elsevier, Amsterdam. Only a bibliographic record without abstract was read; no figure is used. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), State of the Global Climate 2025, one-page summary of the report released 23 March 2026. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025 (greenhouse gases 2024). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service (ed.), Global Climate Highlights 2025. ECMWF, Reading, for the European Commission. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>ESA <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h23\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 space.orbital.space-debris\" data-tk=\"Space and near-Earth \u00b7 Impacts and orbital hazards\" data-td=\"Defunct satellites, rocket stages and fragments in orbit that can strike working spacecraft and crewed stations.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H23\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/space\/\" data-txl=\"Space and near-Earth\">Space Debris<\/a> Office (ed.), ESA\u2019s Annual Space Environment Report, issue 10.0, 1 May 2026. European Space Agency, ESOC, Darmstadt. Observation year 2025 (modelled population at reference epoch August 2024). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>FAO (ed.), Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a> slows, but forests remain under pressure, FAO report shows, release on the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025, 21 October 2025. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNDRR (ed.), Global Assessment Report on Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2025: Resilience Pays. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, Geneva. The page returned an access error and no figure is used. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Lancet Countdown on health and climate change (eds.), The 2025 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change, The Lancet, October 2025; the figures used are taken from the WHO release [34], not from the report. Elsevier, London. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 45\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem (ed.), Annual Report 2024. European Space Agency and consortium partners, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>USGS National Land Imaging Program (ed.), NLI Update to the National Geospatial Advisory Committee, March and April 2026 (fiscal year 2025 archive statistics; Landsat 8 and 9 status). US Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Congressional Research Service (ed.), Landsat, What\u2019s Next? In Focus IN12281, updated 16 June 2025. Congressional Research Service, Washington. Observation year 2025 (FY2026 request). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>ESA Council (ed.), Subscription to optional programmes at the CM25, ESA\/C-M(2025)100, rev. 5, Paris, 1 December 2025. European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: OECD (ed.), The Space Economy in Figures: Responding to Global Challenges. OECD Publishing, Paris, 2023. The pages returned an access error and no figure is used. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), Closing the gaps in the observing network (news article on the Global Basic Observing Network and the Systematic Observations Financing Facility). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year not stated on the page. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: WMO and SOFF (eds.), Global Basic Observing Network compliance monitoring and SOFF annual reporting, taken from search-result summaries; no figure is used. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>UNDRR and WMO (eds.), Global Status of Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems 2025, as reported in the WMO press release of 12 November 2025, Early warning systems reach new heights, but critical gaps jeopardise global progress (the report itself was not opened). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>ECMWF (ed.), ECMWF\u2019s ensemble AI forecasts become operational (AIFS ENS), 2025. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-part-agenda\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/\">Global Earth Observation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 7<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">The 2027 agenda<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Eight bounded questions open the 2027 Earth observation agenda. Each comes from a baseline finding, names the initiative that will carry it and the first output due in the 2027 Earth observation edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>6 tables<\/span><span>5 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.1<\/span><span>Questions for the operational series<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">O-01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How would an observation gap that coincides with an extreme season travel through water, food and health at once?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-GS12-GAP-01 \u00b7 observation gap under extremes; first output: concurrency analysis for six regions.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">O-02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which long records depend on a single mission, and when does each reach end of life?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-GS12-REC-02 \u00b7 record continuity register; first output: record and mission register.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">O-03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Where do in situ gaps limit the value of satellite products, and what would close them?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-GS12-INS-03 \u00b7 in situ gaps; first output: gap map by region.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">O-04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How reliable are data-driven Earth observation and forecast products outside their training conditions?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-GS12-VAL-04 \u00b7 validation of data-driven products; first output: benchmark protocol.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">O-05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Where does <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a> reach people, and where does it stop at the national level?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-GS12-EWS-05 \u00b7 warning reach; first output: service-tier table.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">O-06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which shared data hubs and ground stations lack operational contingency arrangements?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in 2027; first output: arrangement overlay.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">O-07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">What energy, water and carbon footprint does Earth observation data processing carry?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in 2027; first output: scoping note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">O-08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which observing capabilities have been tested in a real loss, and which are only planned?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">Earth observation capability register; first output: rung evidence for 15 functions.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.2<\/span><span>Portfolio proposed for the Q1 2027 alignment<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Five initiatives and one Universe mission candidate are proposed for the 2027 Earth observation portfolio. They are programme objects: no partner, funder or member is attached to them in this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Objects proposed for the first operational quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Object<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-GS12-GAP-01<\/span><\/td><td>Observation gap under extremes<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>O-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-GS12-REC-02<\/span><\/td><td>Record continuity register<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>O-02<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-GS12-INS-03<\/span><\/td><td>In situ gaps<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>O-03<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-GS12-VAL-04<\/span><\/td><td>Validation of data-driven products<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>O-04<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-GS12-EWS-05<\/span><\/td><td>Warning reach<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>O-05<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MSN-GS12-2027-01<\/span><\/td><td>Observation gap Universe mission<\/td><td>Mission<\/td><td>O-01<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.3<\/span><span>The pathway<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The Earth observation edition reads national Earth observation chapters, regional observing-network evidence and the global edition through one governed evidence graph. At baseline the federation is designed and no national Earth observation chapter is bound yet. This page states what exists today and what comes next.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Earth observation chapters<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">observation and data chapter of each national edition<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">PLANNED \u00b7 further national baselines<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Observing-network evidence<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">shared in situ networks, satellite constellations and data hubs<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">PLANNED \u00b7 regional Baseline Editions<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Earth observation sector model<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">the sensing layer of the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">v0 SPECIFIED \u00b7 v1 with federation evidence<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Global and strategic links<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">GLB \u00b7 SR-02 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 critical-infrastructure\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Physical and digital assets, systems and networks whose disruption would seriously affect health, safety, security, economic welfare or the functioning of government. Criticality depends on what relies on them.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Critical Infrastructure<\/a> and Lifeline Systems \u00b7 SR-04 Critical Minerals and Strategic Materials<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">PLANNED \u00b7 strategic baselines<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Universe<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">annual proving environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANDIDATE MISSION \u00b7 mandate in 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Global Earth Observation Report<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">this series<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE DRAFT \u00b7 2027 annual edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Evidence and correction<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">one graph, many projections<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">OPEN \u00b7 first correction cycle in 2027<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.4<\/span><span>Universe 2027: evidence pack for the Earth observation candidate mission<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Mandate<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Core Build \u00b7 1 month<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Action \u00b7 1 week<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Evidence seal<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Portfolio correction<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Next mandate<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Universe 2027: evidence pack for the Earth observation candidate mission<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Record<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Timing<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>F1<\/td><td>Annual mandate record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>after the Q2 2027 alignment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F2<\/td><td>Core Build record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>one month before the exercise<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F3<\/td><td>Exercise evidence<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>during the Action week<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F4<\/td><td>Decision packets<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>exercise state only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F5<\/td><td>Proof receipts<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>scoped to each recorded check<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F6<\/td><td>After-action report<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>within one quarter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F7<\/td><td>Upgrade docket<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>routed to the Portfolio<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F8<\/td><td>Portfolio renewal<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>2027 global annual edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F9<\/td><td>Public synthesis<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>public-safe extracts only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Mission<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>ID<\/dt><dd>MSN-GS12-2027-01 \u00b7 Observation gap Universe mission<\/dd><dt>Role spine<\/dt><dd>Leadership sponsor \u00b7 Institutional anchor \u00b7 Mission lead: drawn from national pathways<\/dd><dt>Receiving actors<\/dt><dd>to be identified with the mandate<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Simulation success is not deployment approval; demonstration is not certification; finance readiness is not financing secured.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.5<\/span><span>Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Where the baseline\u2019s findings go next. A handoff routes a finding for awareness, review or work; it transfers no authority.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Finding<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Routed to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Purpose<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CLI-001 \u00b7 temperature<\/td><td>public record<\/td><td>reference for the 2027 series<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DAT-004 \u00b7 open data<\/td><td>INI-GS12-INS-03<\/td><td>in situ gaps and data access<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DAT-005 \u00b7 Landsat<\/td><td>INI-GS12-REC-02<\/td><td>record continuity register<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HLT-009 \u00b7 warning<\/td><td>INI-GS12-EWS-05<\/td><td>warning reach<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GOV-008 \u00b7 flagship ends<\/td><td>INI-GS12-GAP-01 \u00b7 key F review<\/td><td>observation gap under extremes<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AIC-011 \u00b7 data-driven models<\/td><td>INI-GS12-VAL-04<\/td><td>validation of data-driven products<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>INF-003 \u00b7 orbital environment<\/td><td>regional consortia<\/td><td>observing network overlay<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SYS-012 \u00b7 compound pathway<\/td><td>MSN-GS12-2027-01<\/td><td>Universe candidate<\/td><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Routing rules by publication class<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Where it goes<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Who can see it<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>PUBLIC<\/td><td>the published edition and its evidence bundle<\/td><td>anyone<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><td>governed rooms of the federation<\/td><td>consortium members under agreement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONTROLLED<\/td><td>need-to-know channels<\/td><td>named competent actors only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">CODES ARE NOT JOINS<\/p><p>Series codes in this edition (GS-12 and its relatives) are Reports codes. Codes in other indices can look alike. This edition makes no join on a code alone: a join needs a registry record that names both subjects.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Handoffs carry findings to Nexus programme objects and steward reviews. States and organisations receive public editions as published; nothing here instructs them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.6<\/span><span>Feeds and signal register<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Feeds watched from 2027<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Feed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Producer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Latency<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Feeds into<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Global Climate Highlights and monthly bulletins<\/td><td>Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service<\/td><td>monthly and annual<\/td><td>CLI-001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>State of the Global Climate<\/td><td>WMO<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI-002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Space Environment Report<\/td><td>ESA<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>INF-003<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem annual report<\/td><td>ESA and partners<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>DAT-004<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Landsat archive statistics<\/td><td>USGS<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>DAT-005<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global status of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/td><td>UNDRR and WMO<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>HLT-009<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tree cover loss data<\/td><td>WRI and University of Maryland<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>BIO-010<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Escalation routes<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">none \u00b7 keep monitoring<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">research question<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">project<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">risk object<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">annual publication<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">signal report<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Signals at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Signal<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Corroboration<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>SIG-GS12-001<\/td><td>Flagship end-of-science dates in 2027 and 2028<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>INF \u00b7 CLI<\/td><td>research question O-02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-GS12-002<\/td><td>Loss of MethaneSAT and end of microwave data processing<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>INF \u00b7 CLI<\/td><td>initiative O-02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-GS12-003<\/td><td>Data-driven forecasting in operations<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>AIC \u00b7 CLI<\/td><td>research question O-04<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A signal is not a warning. Signal records never substitute for official alerting or early-warning authorities, and they bypass no publication control.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), Terra: The End of an Era (with end-of-science projections for Terra, Aqua and Aura). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Environmental Defense Fund and MethaneSAT (eds.), MethaneSAT loses contact with satellite, project update of 1 July 2025. Environmental Defense Fund, New York. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>NSIDC (ed.), User notice: SSMIS data processing to end by 30 June 2025, with update extending processing through 31 July 2025. National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>ECMWF (ed.), ECMWF\u2019s AI forecasts become operational, 25 February 2025. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>ECMWF (ed.), ECMWF\u2019s ensemble AI forecasts become operational (AIFS ENS), 2025. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c7-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-part-systems-in-depth\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/\">Global Earth Observation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 8<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems in depth<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">One section per system: its state at evidence close, its exposures and what the operational series will watch.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>8 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>5 tables<\/span><span>16 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.1<\/span><span>Earth observation and water<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Water is observed from space and from the ground. Surface extent, rainfall, snow, ice, ocean heat and sea level are tracked as long records, and the records are only as good as the missions that carry them.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4.75<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">mm a year<\/span><p>sea level rise, 2012 to 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">90,000<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">km2<\/span><p>permanent surface water lost, 1984 to 2015<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">184,000<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">km2<\/span><p>new permanent surface water formed, 1984 to 2015<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Surface water<\/td><td>three million Landsat images mapped change at 30 m over 32 years<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sea level and ocean heat<\/td><td>sea level 4.75 mm a year; ocean heat at a 66-year high in 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Glaciers<\/td><td>mass loss in 2024 and 2025 among the five most negative on record<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water use<\/td><td>volumes of water use by sector are not bound here<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>EO \u2192 WAT surface and ocean records<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 FOO soil moisture and irrigation<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 BIO surface extent<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>water use volumes by sector<\/li><li>in situ gauge coverage by region<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Continuity of Landsat and altimetry missions; in situ gauge reporting; glacier mass balance in the next hydrological year.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-01 Water<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-03 Food and Agrifood Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-04 Health and One Health<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-07 Climate and Earth Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-11 Biodiversity and Ecosystems<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes observation couplings. It assesses no agency, operator or water authority.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.2<\/span><span>Earth observation and food<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Food security monitoring uses satellite vegetation and rainfall data with partner assessments. The consensus method has run monthly for crops at risk since 2016.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">100<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">th report<\/span><p>crop monitor for <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a>, December 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2016<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">year<\/span><p>start of the early warning crop monitor<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">145<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Landsat products downloaded, FY2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Crop condition reports<\/td><td>monthly consensus for countries at risk of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 food-insecurity\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A situation in which people lack reliable access to enough safe and nutritious food for active and healthy lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">food insecurity<\/a><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Open archives<\/td><td>Landsat and Sentinel archives feed crop and land products<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Small farms<\/td><td>coverage of small fields and yield accuracy are not bound here<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forests and food<\/td><td>cropland expansion enters forest loss records<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>EO \u2192 FOO crop condition<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 FOO soil moisture<\/li><li>FOO \u2192 BIO cropland expansion<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>yield accuracy on small fields<\/li><li>price transmission from crop reports<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Data availability for crop monitors; open archive continuity; in situ yield reports from partner countries.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-01 Water<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-03 Food and Agrifood Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-04 Health and One Health<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-07 Climate and Earth Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-11 Biodiversity and Ecosystems<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes observation couplings. It makes no statement on any country\u2019s agricultural policy.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.3<\/span><span>Earth observation and health<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a>, heat exposure and air quality monitoring depend on observation, models and delivery. Coverage is rising, and the gap between countries with and without comprehensive <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> is large.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">119<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">countries<\/span><p>with multi-hazard early warning, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">546,000<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">deaths a year<\/span><p>average <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h75\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive.heat-illness-surge\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Climate-sensitive illness\" data-td=\"A rise in heatstroke, dehydration and heat-worsened heart, lung and kidney illness during hot spells, overwhelming emergency care and killing older and isolated people.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H75\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/health\/\" data-txl=\"Health and biosecurity\">heat-related deaths<\/a> in the Lancet Countdown series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">16<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">days<\/span><p>dangerous heat per person in 2024 attributable to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">climate change<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Early warning<\/td><td>119 countries, 60% of all; small island developing States 43%<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Comprehensiveness<\/td><td>mortality nearly six times lower where systems are more comprehensive<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat<\/td><td>an average of 546,000 heat-related deaths a year; 16 attributable days of dangerous heat per person in 2024<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Air quality<\/td><td>satellite-based exposure series not bound here<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>EO \u2192 HLT heat and hazard warning<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 HLT flood and disease risk<\/li><li>BIO \u2192 HLT smoke exposure<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>warning reach to the most exposed people<\/li><li>satellite-based exposure series<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>The next warning status report; heat season peaks; the 2027 target of the Early Warnings for All initiative.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-01 Water<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-03 Food and Agrifood Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-04 Health and One Health<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-07 Climate and Earth Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-11 Biodiversity and Ecosystems<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Health-system planning rests with national authorities and WHO. No personal health data are used or shown in Reports.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.4<\/span><span>Earth observation and nature<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Forests, surface water and methane sources are observed from space. Satellite-based records show where loss slowed in 2025 and where fire raised it.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4.14<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">billion ha<\/span><p>forest area, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">36<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>fall in tropical primary forest loss, 2024 to 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">10.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million ha a year<\/span><p>gross <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a>, 2015 to 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Forest extent<\/td><td>4.14 billion hectares, 32% of land; net loss 4.12 million hectares a year in 2015 to 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tree cover loss<\/td><td>tropical primary forest loss fell 36% in 2025 after a record fire year<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Long record<\/td><td>2.3 million km2 lost and 0.8 million km2 gained in 2000 to 2012<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Methane<\/td><td>a dedicated satellite lost contact on 20 June 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>EO \u2192 BIO forest and surface mapping<\/li><li>FOO \u2192 BIO cropland expansion<\/li><li>EO \u2192 CLI methane and carbon records<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>methane detection coverage after 2025<\/li><li>biodiversity beyond forest cover<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Annual tree cover loss release; fire season severity; methane satellite replacements.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-01 Water<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-03 Food and Agrifood Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-04 Health and One Health<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-07 Climate and Earth Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-11 Biodiversity and Ecosystems<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Biodiversity is not reduced to a single number. Forest cover is one proxy among many and is never presented as the whole value.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.5<\/span><span>Observation continuity, security and extremes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The observing system has three exposed channels: ageing sensors, thin ground networks and crowded orbits. The 2025 and 2026 evidence shows each of them.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2027<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Feb<\/span><p>projected Terra end of science<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">50<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>projected Landsat 8 availability in 2030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">54,000<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">objects<\/span><p>modelled above 10 cm in orbit<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ageing flagships<\/td><td>Terra, Aqua and Aura end of science projected Feb 2027, Sep 2027 and Aug 2028<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Programme funding<\/td><td>FY2026 request restructured Landsat Next with no funding for it<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ground networks<\/td><td>in situ observations deficient over parts of Africa, South America, Southeast Asia, deep ocean and polar regions<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Orbits<\/td><td>about 1,200 intact objects re-entered in 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>INF \u2192 EO record continuity<\/li><li>DAT \u2192 HLT in situ gaps<\/li><li>AIC \u2192 EO model dependence<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>funding outcomes after evidence close<\/li><li>ground segment resilience<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Mission end-of-science notices; funding decisions in 2026 and 2027; surface network reporting rates; the progress of the EU Space Act proposal.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-01 Water<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-03 Food and Agrifood Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-04 Health and One Health<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-07 Climate and Earth Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-11 Biodiversity and Ecosystems<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes physical and programme couplings. It assesses no agency, operator or company and makes no forecast of any mission.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), State of the Global Climate 2025, one-page summary of the report released 23 March 2026. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025 (greenhouse gases 2024). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>Pekel, J.-F. et al., High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes, Nature 540, 418 to 422, 2016. Springer Nature, London. Observation year 2015 (study period 1984 to 2015). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>GCOS (ed.), The 2022 GCOS Implementation Plan (GCOS-244), abstract and summary of themes, as held in the AWI EPIC repository (the full plan was not opened). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>NASA Harvest (ed.), GEOGLAM Crop Monitor for <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early Warning<\/a> Releases 100th Issue, 5 December 2024. NASA Harvest, College Park. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>USGS National Land Imaging Program (ed.), NLI Update to the National Geospatial Advisory Committee, March and April 2026 (fiscal year 2025 archive statistics; Landsat 8 and 9 status). US Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem (ed.), Annual Report 2024. European Space Agency and consortium partners, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Resources Institute and Global Forest Watch (eds.), Global Forest Watch\u2019s 2025 Tree Cover Loss Data Explained (with University of Maryland GLAD tree cover loss data and comparison with JRC and PRODES series). WRI, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>UNDRR and WMO (eds.), Global Status of Multi-Hazard Early Warning <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> 2025, as reported in the WMO press release of 12 November 2025, Early warning systems reach new heights, but critical gaps jeopardise global progress (the report itself was not opened). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>WHO (ed.), Climate inaction is claiming millions of lives every year, warns new Lancet Countdown report, news release of 29 October 2025. World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2024 (deaths averaged over the series period). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>FAO (ed.), Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a> slows, but forests remain under pressure, FAO report shows, release on the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025, 21 October 2025. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>Hansen, M.C. et al., High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change, Science 342(6160), 850 to 853, 2013 (journal record and summary opened). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2012 (study period 2000 to 2012). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Environmental Defense Fund and MethaneSAT (eds.), MethaneSAT loses contact with satellite, project update of 1 July 2025. Environmental Defense Fund, New York. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), Terra: The End of an Era (with end-of-science projections for Terra, Aqua and Aura). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>ESA <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h23\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 space.orbital.space-debris\" data-tk=\"Space and near-Earth \u00b7 Impacts and orbital hazards\" data-td=\"Defunct satellites, rocket stages and fragments in orbit that can strike working spacecraft and crewed stations.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H23\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/space\/\" data-txl=\"Space and near-Earth\">Space Debris<\/a> Office (ed.), ESA\u2019s Annual Space Environment Report, issue 10.0, 1 May 2026. European Space Agency, ESOC, Darmstadt. Observation year 2025 (modelled population at reference epoch August 2024). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Congressional Research Service (ed.), Landsat, What\u2019s Next? In Focus IN12281, updated 16 June 2025. Congressional Research Service, Washington. Observation year 2025 (FY2026 request). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), Closing the gaps in the observing network (news article on the Global Basic Observing Network and the Systematic Observations Financing Facility). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year not stated on the page. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-part-methodology\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/\">Global Earth Observation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex A<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Methodology<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">How the edition was made: methods, the model card, the evidence cut and its age, the acceptance record and the glossary.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>13 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>13 tables<\/span><span>15 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.1<\/span><span>Methods<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The global baseline uses published values and four simple derivations. Each is shown in full so that any reader can reproduce it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Methods<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">No.<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Derivation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Calculation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Result<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>(1)<\/td><td>Sea level rise rate, 2012 to 2025 against 1993 to 2011<\/td><td>4.75 \u00f7 2.65<\/td><td>\u22481.8 times<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(2)<\/td><td>Earth Observation Programme share of CM25 subscriptions<\/td><td>3.4 \u00f7 22.3<\/td><td>\u224815%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(3)<\/td><td>Growth in registered users of the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, 2024<\/td><td>nearly 290,000 \u00f7 84,000<\/td><td>\u22483.5 times<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(4)<\/td><td>Difference between the Copernicus and WMO 2025 temperature values<\/td><td>1.47 \u2212 1.43 \u00b0C<\/td><td>0.04 \u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling strength scale (matrix and model card)<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Strength<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>STRONG<\/td><td>a disruption in the source system has historically changed the target system\u2019s service or output within one season, in more than one region<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MODERATE<\/td><td>an effect is documented but buffered or slower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEAK<\/td><td>an effect is plausible but not documented at global scale<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Status grammar<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rule<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>value as issued by its source, with year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>reasoned from cited evidence; never a measurement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus analytical value with stated method<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>conditional on stated assumptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>structured editorial judgement awaiting evidence<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.2<\/span><span>Model card, Earth Observation Sector Model v0<\/span><\/h2><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model ID<\/dt><dd>MDL-GS12-EO \u00b7 v0.1<\/dd><dt>Purpose<\/dt><dd>represent the global Earth observation system and its couplings to water, food, health and biodiversity<\/dd><dt>Family<\/dt><dd>graph-based system of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/dd><dt>Inputs<\/dt><dd>the cited sources of this edition; no proprietary data<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>expert-specified coupling strengths (STRONG \u00b7 MODERATE \u00b7 WEAK) from assessments and analogue events<\/dd><dt>Validation<\/dt><dd>none yet, first validation against federation evidence in 2027<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>qualitative; strengths are hypotheses, not measurements<\/dd><dt>Domain of validity<\/dt><dd>global scale; not for asset-, site- or country-level use<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>strength table and sources published in this edition<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">couplings<\/span><p>typed in v0<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strong<\/span><p>documented within one season<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">moderate<\/span><p>documented, buffered<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">weak<\/span><p>plausible, undocumented<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>framing the 2027 agenda; choosing which couplings to measure first; explaining the coupled reading of observation and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a>.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOT SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>quantitative loss estimates, country comparisons or rankings, operational decisions, or any claim about a specific asset.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">VERSIONING<\/p><p>Models are immutable by version. A change to any coupling, rule or weight produces v0.2 with its own card and correction note.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.3<\/span><span>The baseline evidence cut<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Every Nexus edition is published from a frozen evidence cut. The global baseline cut is documentary: it pins the exact edition of every source cited. Federation cuts begin with the first national Foundry cuts in 2027.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Cut ID<\/dt><dd>DC-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-B0<\/dd><dt>Type<\/dt><dd>baseline documentary cut<\/dd><dt>Resolution policy<\/dt><dd>pinned \u00b7 as of 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Sources pinned<\/dt><dd>45 cited sources, each at the edition and access date in the references<\/dd><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>none at baseline, analytical values are stated with their method<\/dd><dt>Digest<\/dt><dd>computed at <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.hard-freeze\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"Air temperature falling well below freezing for hours, killing crops, bursting pipes and stopping water flow.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">freeze<\/a> and recorded in the publication record<\/dd><dt>Supersedes<\/dt><dd>nothing, first cut of the series<\/dd><dt>Superseded by<\/dt><dd>the 2027 Earth observation annual cut<\/dd><\/dl><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Lineage<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">source edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">pinned citation<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">finding<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">page<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">publication record<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">From the baseline cut to the federation cut<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Element<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2027 global annual<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Sources<\/td><td>cited global publications, pinned by edition<\/td><td>national, regional and sector cuts through one graph<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Analysis<\/td><td>stated methods and editorial estimates<\/td><td>typed analysis specifications<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Models<\/td><td>Earth Observation Sector Model v0 specification<\/td><td>model runs with receipts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Findings<\/td><td>twelve baseline findings<\/td><td>findings re-bound to federation evidence<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Review<\/td><td>five passes scheduled<\/td><td>five passes on the exact digest<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.4<\/span><span>Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A 2026 global edition rests on evidence observed in many different years. This page shows each time base, so that no single year label hides older evidence.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Observed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Released<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next release<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Global temperature and sea level<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Mar 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>next State of the Global Climate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Copernicus temperature<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Jan 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>next Global Climate Highlights<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Orbital environment<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>May 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>next Space Environment Report<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Copernicus data access<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>Dec 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>next annual report<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Landsat statistics<\/td><td>FY2025<\/td><td>Mar 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>next USGS update<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ESA funding<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Dec 2025<\/td><td>triennial<\/td><td>next ministerial meeting<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Space budgets and market<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>Dec 2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>next ESA space economy report<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a> status<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Nov 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>next status report<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forest extent and loss<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Oct 2025 and Apr 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Observing-system gaps<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>next GCOS status report<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coverage by system at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Thinnest dimension<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Climate state<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>one basis across issuers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Orbital environment<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>operating satellites by class<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data access<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>2025 use statistics<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Funding<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>national budgets on one basis<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Continuity<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>funding outcomes after evidence close<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Early warning<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>reach and service quality<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>In situ networks<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>compliance and station reporting<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data-driven products<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>independent validation<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Designed empty states: what is not bound, what would fill it and why<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Field<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source that would fill it<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Blocker<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Final FY2026 funding outcome for NASA Earth science and Landsat Next<\/td><td>NASA and USGS budget documents; Congress appropriations<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>only the FY2026 request is read; the final outcome was not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Outcome of NASA reviews of Terra, Aqua and Aura operations<\/td><td>NASA Earth Science Division<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the end-of-science projections are read; any later decision was not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Status of defence satellite microwave data after 31 July 2025<\/td><td>NASA Earthdata status update on DMSP data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the status page returned an access error; only the NSIDC notice was read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global compliance with the basic surface observing network, 2025<\/td><td>WMO and SOFF compliance reports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>no retrievable global figure found at evidence close<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Count of operating Earth observation satellites by mission class<\/td><td>CEOS database; operator registers<\/td><td>database pages need scripts and could not be read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Economic value of Earth observation to users<\/td><td>OECD space economy work<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup>; World Bank<\/td><td>OECD pages returned an access error; figures in memory are not used<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Disaster losses avoided through observation-based warning<\/td><td>UNDRR Global Assessment Report 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the report page returned an access error and no figure is used<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem use in 2025<\/td><td>CDSE annual report for 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>not found as a primary document; only the 2024 report was read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Methane detection coverage after the loss of MethaneSAT<\/td><td>UNEP International Methane Emissions Observatory<\/td><td>the observatory document returned an access error<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy, water and carbon footprint of Earth observation data processing<\/td><td>operators and data centres<\/td><td>not published on a common basis<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Independent validation of data-driven Earth observation products<\/td><td>peer-reviewed benchmarks<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>only developer preprints were read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cyber incidents on satellite ground segments and data hubs<\/td><td>operators and national authorities<\/td><td>incident data are not published on a common basis<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Skills and workforce for Earth observation analytics<\/td><td>national statistics offices; agencies<\/td><td>no consolidated series found<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National Earth observation budgets on one basis<\/td><td>OECD<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup>; national agencies<\/td><td>not accessible; ESA series cover public space budgets only<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.5<\/span><span>Evidence cards, two anchor sources<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by WMO on 23 March 2026 from consolidated temperature, ocean, sea level and greenhouse gas datasets. Annual. Role: binds CLI-001 and CLI-002. Only the one-page summary was opened.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-GS12-001<\/h3><p>WMO State of the Global Climate 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the ESA Space Debris Office on 1 May 2026 from catalogue and model data. Annual. Role: binds INF-003. Figures use a reference epoch of August 2024 for modelled objects.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-GS12-002<\/h3><p>ESA Space Environment Report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Quality dimensions at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Dimension<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-GS12-001<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-GS12-002<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Completeness<\/td><td>consolidated from eight temperature datasets; summary form<\/td><td>catalogued objects plus modelled population<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Timeliness<\/td><td>about 3 months after the year<\/td><td>about 4 months after the year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Revision<\/td><td>annual update; interim COP updates<\/td><td>annual issue; reference epoch moves<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Method transparency<\/td><td>dataset list published in the full report<\/td><td>methodology section published<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>External validation<\/td><td>multiple independent datasets<\/td><td>sensor and model comparison<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence cards to follow in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>WMO<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>: full report tables behind the one-page summary<\/li><li>ESA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>: mission-class counts and active payload definitions<\/li><li>USGS<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>: archive access by user class<\/li><li>GCOS<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>: <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h87\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 infra.space-services.earth-observation-gap\" data-tk=\"Built systems \u00b7 Space-based service loss\" data-td=\"Loss of, or delay in replacing, weather and Earth-observation satellites that degrades forecasts, warnings and environmental monitoring.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H87\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/infra\/\" data-txl=\"Built systems\">observing gap<\/a> tables by region<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.6<\/span><span>Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Editorial self-check at evidence close. Every applicable item carries a disposition; the remaining items are review, approval and deposit.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-tab9\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Group<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Area<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Items<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pass<\/th><th scope=\"col\">N\/A<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pending<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D1<\/td><td>Identity and scope<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>Source and data<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D3<\/td><td>Analysis and models<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D4<\/td><td>Findings and claims<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D5<\/td><td>Figures, tables, maps<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D6<\/td><td>Editorial and citations<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D7<\/td><td>Review and approval<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>13<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D8<\/td><td>Artefact and design<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D9<\/td><td>Registry and release<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication gate<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Conditions met<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close<\/dd><dt>Blocking problems<\/dt><dd>none recorded<\/dd><dt>Open conditions<\/dt><dd>reviews, approval of the exact digest, deposit, registry pointer<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Not applicable at baseline<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>first runs in Q1 2027<\/dd><dt>Maps<\/dt><dd>plates in Q2 2027<\/dd><dt>Waivers<\/dt><dd>none<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Dispositions are recorded item by item in the machine-readable checklist. A FAIL on any item blocks release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.7<\/span><span>Status words<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-tab10\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The status every value carries<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it means<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"positive\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Observed<\/span><\/td><td>Measured directly and published by the source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>Published statistics of an official or institutional source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Declared<\/span><\/td><td>Stated by the body concerned; not independently measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>A Nexus estimate from cited evidence, with its method in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Modelled<\/span><\/td><td>Produced by a stated model from cited inputs.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>Reasoned from cited evidence; not measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Forecast<\/span><\/td><td>A projection by the cited source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Simulated<\/span><\/td><td>A simulation result under stated assumptions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>A conditional statement under stated assumptions; never a prediction.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>Expert judgement, recorded with its basis.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><td>Proposed for a later edition; not yet evidence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Evidence-quality levels (EQL 1 to 5) grade the source behind a value; they are not a score of the subject.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.8<\/span><span>How the edition is made, released and corrected<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">Every edition is built from a sealed evidence cut, reviewed under three keys, signed and deposited before any site shows it as published; corrections go to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> as change proposals and feed the next cut.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Evidence arrives from the pillars<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Foundry seals observations and indicator series, Universe hands over after-action and scenario findings, and contributions are screened at every gateway, including this site&#8217;s.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 The cut is sealed<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">On the cut date the evidence is pinned under one identifier, so anyone can rebuild the edition from exactly what it was built on.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 The edition is assembled<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The edition is drafted from its template and content pack. Agents may draft; they never publish and never decide.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 The keys turn<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">At the publisher of record the truth key comes first: every value is checked against its source or stated method before the meaning and capital keys turn. No edition moves on until every key has been turned by a named steward.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 The gate opens<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A named approver releases one exact digest of the edition; any change after this point is a new version, never a silent edit.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Signed and deposited<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The PDF, the web edition and the data bundle are signed together with a manifest and an RO-Crate description, and deposited on Zenodo with a concept and a version DOI.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">07 Published on its desk&#8217;s site<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Only then does the edition show as published on its desk&#8217;s Reports site, and the Collection lists it as a part.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">08 Corrections go to Standards<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Method and correction findings go to Nexus Standards as change proposals; citations, corrections and new contributions feed the next evidence cut.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of the process, not a forecast and not a record of any run; dates and counts on this page come from the programme record. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/governance\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Reports governance at GCRI Canada<\/a> (2026); Zenodo, repository of record for Reports deposits (2026).<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">Lifecycle, one state at a time: Draft, Computed, Evidence bound, Reviewed, Approved for release, Published, Corrected, Superseded. This edition is a draft.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.9<\/span><span>Glossary and abbreviations<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-tab11\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Series terms<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Baseline Edition<\/td><td>the inaugural annual edition that fixes the reference state for the series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEFH+B<\/td><td>Earth observation, energy, food, health and biodiversity, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/governance-in-operation\/national-nexus\" data-tc=\"National Nexus\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The national model: the NNC, the NLC and the NWG as its three participation pillars, with the National Desk, Model and Portfolio and the NSC as the standards function of the NNC (OR-13)\">national nexus<\/a> core<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coupling<\/td><td>a typed dependency through which one system transmits to another<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">Protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>the share of losses not covered by insurance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability ladder<\/td><td>LISTED \u2192 EXISTS \u2192 ADEQUATE \u2192 TESTED \u2192 DEMONSTRATED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EQL<\/td><td>evidence-quality level, 1\u20135<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence cut<\/td><td>a frozen resolution of exact sources and versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NNC \u00b7 NLC \u00b7 NWG<\/td><td>National Nexus Consortium \u00b7 National Leadership Council \u00b7 National Working Groups<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-tab12\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.12<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Abbreviations used in this edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Abbreviation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Expansion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CDSE<\/td><td>Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CEOS<\/td><td>Committee on Earth Observation Satellites<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CM25<\/td><td>ESA Council at ministerial level, November 2025<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EO<\/td><td>Earth observation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EOP<\/td><td>ESA Earth Observation Programme<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ESA<\/td><td>European Space Agency<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GBON<\/td><td>Global Basic Observing Network<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GCOS<\/td><td>Global Climate Observing System<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GEO<\/td><td>Group on Earth Observations<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PB<\/td><td>petabyte<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SOFF<\/td><td>Systematic Observations Financing Facility<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UDP<\/td><td>WMO Unified Data Policy<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.10<\/span><span>Technical annex<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-tab13\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.13<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Technical annex<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Annex<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contents<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A.1<\/td><td>Indicator definitions<\/td><td>the global indicator set, with units and sources<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.2<\/td><td>Coupling strengths<\/td><td>the twenty-cell matrix and its rationale<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.3<\/td><td>Scenario specification<\/td><td>SCN-GS12-GAP-01 assumptions and signposts<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.4<\/td><td>Capability placements<\/td><td>rung evidence for fifteen functions<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.5<\/td><td>Model diagnostics<\/td><td>first runs and validation<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.6<\/td><td>Sensitivity analyses<\/td><td>influence of coupling strengths<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.7<\/td><td>Observing-network notes<\/td><td>cards for the major shared observing networks and data hubs<\/td><td>WITH REGIONAL EDITIONS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.8<\/td><td>Review statements<\/td><td>pass-by-pass review record<\/td><td>AT RELEASE<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">A.1 \u00b7 indicator definition: multi-hazard early warning coverage<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Construct<\/dt><dd>share of countries that report an existing multi-hazard <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning-system\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An integrated system of risk knowledge, monitoring and forecasting, warning dissemination and preparedness that enables timely action ahead of hazards.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning system<\/a><\/dd><dt>Unit<\/dt><dd>share and number of countries<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>country reports compiled by UNDRR and WMO against <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> monitoring<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>UNDRR and WMO status report, WMO release<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>self-reported by countries<\/dd><dt>Known limits<\/dt><dd>presence of a system does not measure comprehensiveness or whether people are reached<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Annexes carry the same evidence, review and correction rules as the chapters and are versioned with the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Congressional Research Service (ed.), Landsat, What\u2019s Next? In Focus IN12281, updated 16 June 2025. Congressional Research Service, Washington. Observation year 2025 (FY2026 request). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), Terra: The End of an Era (with end-of-science projections for Terra, Aqua and Aura). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: NASA Earthdata (ed.), Status update on DMSP data products. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. The page returned an access error; later status is unknown in this edition. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: WMO and SOFF (eds.), Global Basic Observing Network compliance monitoring and SOFF annual reporting, taken from search-result summaries; no figure is used. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: OECD (ed.), The Space Economy in Figures: Responding to Global Challenges. OECD Publishing, Paris, 2023. The pages returned an access error and no figure is used. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNDRR (ed.), Global Assessment Report on Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2025: Resilience Pays. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, Geneva. The page returned an access error and no figure is used. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem (ed.), Annual Report 2024. European Space Agency and consortium partners, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Brown, C.F. et al., AlphaEarth Foundations: An embedding field model for accurate and efficient global mapping from sparse label data, arXiv preprint 2507.22291, July 2025 (abstract opened; not peer reviewed). Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>Szwarcman, D. et al., Prithvi-EO-2.0: A Versatile Multi-Temporal Foundation Model for Earth Observation Applications, arXiv preprint 2412.02732, December 2024 (abstract opened; not peer reviewed). Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), The Space Economy in 2023, ESA space economy report, published December 2024 (title page not present in the extracted text; section 2 headed The Space Economy in 2023). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), State of the Global Climate 2025, one-page summary of the report released 23 March 2026. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025 (greenhouse gases 2024). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>ESA <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h23\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 space.orbital.space-debris\" data-tk=\"Space and near-Earth \u00b7 Impacts and orbital hazards\" data-td=\"Defunct satellites, rocket stages and fragments in orbit that can strike working spacecraft and crewed stations.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H23\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/space\/\" data-txl=\"Space and near-Earth\">Space Debris<\/a> Office (ed.), ESA\u2019s Annual Space Environment Report, issue 10.0, 1 May 2026. European Space Agency, ESOC, Darmstadt. Observation year 2025 (modelled population at reference epoch August 2024). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>USGS National Land Imaging Program (ed.), NLI Update to the National Geospatial Advisory Committee, March and April 2026 (fiscal year 2025 archive statistics; Landsat 8 and 9 status). US Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>GCOS (ed.), The 2022 GCOS Implementation Plan (GCOS-244), abstract and summary of themes, as held in the AWI EPIC repository (the full plan was not opened). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>UNDRR and WMO (eds.), Global Status of Multi-Hazard <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early Warning<\/a> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> 2025, as reported in the WMO press release of 12 November 2025, Early warning systems reach new heights, but critical gaps jeopardise global progress (the report itself was not opened). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-ca-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-part-data\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/\">Global Earth Observation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex B<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Data appendix<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>9 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>8 tables<\/span><span>16 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.1<\/span><span>The indicator set<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Global baseline indicator set<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Global temperature above 1850 to 1900 (WMO)<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1.43<\/span><\/td><td>\u00b0C<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global temperature above 1850 to 1900 (Copernicus)<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1.47<\/span><\/td><td>\u00b0C<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sea level rise rate<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">4.75<\/span><\/td><td>mm a year<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Objects larger than 10 cm in orbit (modelled)<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">54,000<\/span><\/td><td>objects<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Active payloads among them (modelled)<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">9,300<\/span><\/td><td>payloads<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Intact objects re-entering<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1,200<\/span><\/td><td>objects<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Copernicus data online<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">78<\/span><\/td><td>PB<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data delivered by Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">200<\/span><\/td><td>PB<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Landsat products downloaded<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">145<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ESA Earth Observation Programme subscriptions<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">3.4<\/span><\/td><td>EUR billion<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ESA subscriptions, all programmes<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">22.3<\/span><\/td><td>EUR billion<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Institutional space budgets<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">106<\/span><\/td><td>EUR billion<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Countries with multi-hazard <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">119<\/span><\/td><td>countries<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forest area<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">4.14<\/span><\/td><td>billion ha<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gross <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a> rate, 2015 to 2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">10.9<\/span><\/td><td>million ha a year<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GEO members<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">117<\/span><\/td><td>members<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Landsat 8 availability below 50% (projected)<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">2030<\/span><\/td><td>year<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Terra end of science (projected)<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Feb 2027<\/span><\/td><td>date<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-actions nrp-noprint\"><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:text\/csv;charset=utf-8,Indicator%2CValue%2CUnit%2CYear%2CState%2CSource%0AGlobal%20temperature%20above%201850%20to%201900%20(WMO)%2C1.43%2C%C2%B0C%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B3%5D%0AGlobal%20temperature%20above%201850%20to%201900%20(Copernicus)%2C1.47%2C%C2%B0C%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B4%5D%0ASea%20level%20rise%20rate%2C4.75%2Cmm%20a%20year%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B3%5D%0AObjects%20larger%20than%2010%20cm%20in%20orbit%20(modelled)%2C%2254%2C000%22%2Cobjects%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0AActive%20payloads%20among%20them%20(modelled)%2C%229%2C300%22%2Cpayloads%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0AIntact%20objects%20re-entering%2C%221%2C200%22%2Cobjects%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0ACopernicus%20data%20online%2C78%2CPB%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B9%5D%0AData%20delivered%20by%20Copernicus%20Data%20Space%20Ecosystem%2C200%2CPB%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B9%5D%0ALandsat%20products%20downloaded%2C145%2Cmillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B10%5D%0AESA%20Earth%20Observation%20Programme%20subscriptions%2C3.4%2CEUR%20billion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B7%5D%0A%22ESA%20subscriptions%2C%20all%20programmes%22%2C22.3%2CEUR%20billion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B7%5D%0AInstitutional%20space%20budgets%2C106%2CEUR%20billion%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B24%5D%0ACountries%20with%20multi-hazard%20early%20warning%2C119%2Ccountries%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0AForest%20area%2C4.14%2Cbillion%20ha%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B6%5D%0A%22Gross%20deforestation%20rate%2C%202015%20to%202025%22%2C10.9%2Cmillion%20ha%20a%20year%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B6%5D%0AGEO%20members%2C117%2Cmembers%2C2026%2CREPORTED%2C%5B19%5D%0ALandsat%208%20availability%20below%2050%25%20(projected)%2C2030%2Cyear%2C2026%2CSCENARIO%2C%5B10%5D%0ATerra%20end%20of%20science%20(projected)%2CFeb%202027%2Cdate%2C2026%2CSCENARIO%2C%5B12%5D%0A\" download=\"NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-indicators.csv\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, CSV<\/a><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:application\/json;charset=utf-8,%7B%0A%20%22edition%22%3A%20%22NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE%22%2C%0A%20%22title%22%3A%20%22Global%20Earth%20Observation%20Risk%20and%20Resilience%20Report%202026%3A%20Baseline%20Edition%2C%20The%20State%20of%20the%20World%E2%80%99s%20Earth%20Observation%20and%20Planetary%20Intelligence.%22%2C%0A%20%22status%22%3A%20%22Draft%20under%20stewardship%20review%3B%20not%20yet%20released%22%2C%0A%20%22licence%22%3A%20%22CC-BY-4.0%20for%20the%20edition%20table%3B%20each%20value%20keeps%20its%20source's%20licence%22%2C%0A%20%22columns%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%22Indicator%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Value%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Unit%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Year%22%2C%0A%20%20%22State%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Source%22%0A%20%5D%2C%0A%20%22rows%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Global%20temperature%20above%201850%20to%201900%20(WMO)%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221.43%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%C2%B0C%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B3%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Global%20temperature%20above%201850%20to%201900%20(Copernicus)%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221.47%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%C2%B0C%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B4%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Sea%20level%20rise%20rate%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%224.75%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22mm%20a%20year%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B3%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Objects%20larger%20than%2010%20cm%20in%20orbit%20(modelled)%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2254%2C000%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22objects%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Active%20payloads%20among%20them%20(modelled)%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%229%2C300%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22payloads%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Intact%20objects%20re-entering%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%2C200%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22objects%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Copernicus%20data%20online%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2278%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22PB%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B9%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Data%20delivered%20by%20Copernicus%20Data%20Space%20Ecosystem%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22200%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22PB%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B9%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Landsat%20products%20downloaded%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22145%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B10%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22ESA%20Earth%20Observation%20Programme%20subscriptions%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%223.4%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22EUR%20billion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B7%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22ESA%20subscriptions%2C%20all%20programmes%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2222.3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22EUR%20billion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B7%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Institutional%20space%20budgets%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22106%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22EUR%20billion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B24%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Countries%20with%20multi-hazard%20early%20warning%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22119%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22countries%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Forest%20area%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%224.14%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22billion%20ha%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B6%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Gross%20deforestation%20rate%2C%202015%20to%202025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2210.9%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%20ha%20a%20year%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B6%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22GEO%20members%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22117%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22members%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222026%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B19%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Landsat%208%20availability%20below%2050%25%20(projected)%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222030%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22year%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222026%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22SCENARIO%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B10%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Terra%20end%20of%20science%20(projected)%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Feb%202027%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22date%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222026%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22SCENARIO%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B12%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%0A%20%5D%0A%7D\" download=\"NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-indicators.json\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, JSON<\/a><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOTES<\/p><p>Values are rounded as published. WMO and Copernicus use different datasets and baselines, so the 2025 temperature is shown from each issuer<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>. Forest loss series from WRI and FAO measure different things and are not mixed<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. Projections are labelled SCENARIO. A machine-readable copy of this table is published with the evidence bundle at release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.2<\/span><span>Global source register<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Domains bound by the register<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">CLI<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">INF<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">DAT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FIN<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">HLT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">BIO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">AIC<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GOV<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">WAT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FOO<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Global source register<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Category<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Period<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>WMO State of the Global Climate 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>intergovernmental agency<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>climate indicators<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Copernicus Global Climate Highlights 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>EU service operated by ECMWF<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>temperature<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ESA Space Environment Report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>space agency<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>orbital environment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>EU programme data service<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>data access<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>USGS Landsat statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national agency<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>data access<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ESA Council CM25 documents<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>space agency<\/td><td>Europe<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>triennial<\/td><td>funding<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UNDRR and WMO status report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UN agencies<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UN agency<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>every five years<\/td><td>forest extent<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GCOS Implementation Plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>intergovernmental programme<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>observing gaps<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GEO membership document<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>intergovernmental initiative<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>coordination<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FIXTURE PROHIBITION<\/p><p>No demonstration or reference-cartographic fixture is used as evidence in this edition. The publication gate checks every binding against this register.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.3<\/span><span>Regional reading: Earth observation across ten clusters<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Map plates follow with the regional Baseline Editions, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form and ranks no region.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional reading: Earth observation across ten clusters<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Region<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Principal hazards<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems most exposed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>North America<\/td><td>record continuity of Landsat and NASA flagships<\/td><td>land, climate, weather<\/td><td>USGS statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>; NASA mission note<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>South America<\/td><td>forest loss and fire in primary forest<\/td><td>forests, climate<\/td><td>WRI tree cover loss data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Europe<\/td><td>open data hub and programme funding<\/td><td>data, climate, finance<\/td><td>CDSE report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>; ESA subscriptions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Eurasia<\/td><td>not bound in this edition<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><td>regional statistics (not bound)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Middle East and North Africa<\/td><td>not bound in this edition<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><td>regional statistics (not bound)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Africa<\/td><td>in situ gaps; lowest warning scores<\/td><td>warning, food, health<\/td><td>GCOS plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a> status<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>South Asia<\/td><td>new radar mission with an Indian partner<\/td><td>land, ice, hazards<\/td><td>NASA mission page<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>East Asia<\/td><td>highest regional early warning coverage in Asia-Pacific<\/td><td>warning, climate<\/td><td>early warning status<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ASEAN<\/td><td>in situ gaps in Southeast Asia<\/td><td>warning, forests<\/td><td>GCOS plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Oceania-Pacific<\/td><td>small island developing States at 43% warning coverage<\/td><td>warning, ocean<\/td><td>early warning status<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">MAP PLATES WITH THE REGIONAL EDITIONS<\/p><p>Each plate will carry its boundary source and version, projection, resolution, classification, uncertainty encoding and public-safe transform, with text and table alternatives.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Regional readings summarise the cited evidence. They are not risk ratings of any region or country.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.4<\/span><span>Observing card: Copernicus Sentinel constellation and data ecosystem<\/span><\/h2><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">constellation<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">open data<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">cloud archive<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Europe<\/li><\/ul><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Systems in view<\/dt><dd>climate, land, ocean, hazards, data<\/dd><dt>Defining events<\/dt><dd>Sentinel-1D reached orbit on 4 November 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Couplings<\/dt><dd>EO \u2192 CLI records; EO \u2192 FOO crop monitoring; EO \u2192 HLT warning<\/dd><dt>Capability evidence<\/dt><dd>nearly 80 PB online and more than 200 PB delivered in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Gaps<\/dt><dd>2025 use statistics; ground segment contingency<\/dd><dt>Agenda items<\/dt><dd>O-02 \u00b7 O-03<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The data service reports nearly 80 PB online, up to 40 TB of new data a day across the programme and nearly 290,000 registered users [9].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">DATA<\/h3><p>Open access at scale<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Sentinel-1D is the last of the first Sentinel-1 series [14]. Continuity of the series depends on follow-on missions funded in the ESA programmes [7].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">SECURITY<\/h3><p>Constellation continuity<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The annual report is an operator account of use and performance, not an independent evaluation [9].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">LEARNING<\/h3><p>Public annual report<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Observing cards are generated for the major shared observing networks and data hubs with the regional Baseline Editions. The Copernicus card is shown first because its operating statistics are published.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.5<\/span><span>How countries appear in the Earth observation edition<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Countries enter the Earth observation edition through the observation and data chapters of their own national editions, on one card grammar. They are read against peer distributions and thresholds, never ranked.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">How countries appear in the Earth observation edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Card field<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it shows<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>WEFH+B state<\/td><td>each core system against peer distribution bands<\/td><td>national edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Couplings<\/td><td>the national dependency matrix<\/td><td>national edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk objects<\/td><td>the national risk portfolio<\/td><td>national edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability rungs<\/td><td>the national capability ladder<\/td><td>national edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence age<\/td><td>oldest and newest source dates<\/td><td>national source register<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Editions in the 2026 Baseline programme<\/h3><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">26<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">national<\/span><p>countries and unions<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">regional<\/span><p>clusters<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">16<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">global<\/span><p>flagship and sector<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">14<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strategic<\/span><p><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> reports<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">frontier<\/span><p>technology reports<\/p><\/div><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">How to read a country card<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Each system is shown against the distribution of its peers, with thresholds where they exist<\/li><li>Couplings and risk objects come from the country\u2019s own national edition<\/li><li>Capability rungs record evidence, not a judgement of institutions<\/li><li>Evidence age is printed, so older national data are visible as such<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">National Baseline Editions in the 2026 programme<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Wave<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Countries and unions<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>W0<\/td><td>Canada<\/td><td>ISSUED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>W1<\/td><td>United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, European Union, Switzerland<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>W2<\/td><td>Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, T\u00fcrkiye, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, South Africa, Senegal, Kenya, African Union, India, China, Republic of Korea, Indonesia, Singapore, Australia<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>External rankings, where cited, keep their own method and source. Nexus never converts them into a rating, and each country\u2019s ownership of its national edition is unaffected by its appearance here.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.6<\/span><span>Licences<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Licences of each kind of material<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Material<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Text<\/td><td>CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data<\/td><td>on the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td>Nexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maps<\/td><td>boundary source and licence printed on each plate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Metadata<\/td><td>CC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Third-party data, figures and text<\/td><td>The source&#8217;s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.7<\/span><span>Formats and provenance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">This edition in every format<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Format<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it is<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Web edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>Draft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Print edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indicator data<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CSV \u00b7 JSON<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>18 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE data release v1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">SVG \u00b7 PNG<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIG-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-*<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slides<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No slide deck is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence brief<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML \u00b7 PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No evidence brief is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dataset with DOI<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DataCite<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>Concept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Provenance<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Edition pack<\/dt><dd>The edition&#8217;s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built<\/dd><dt>Evidence cut<\/dt><dd>DC-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-B0, closed 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters<\/dd><dt>Self-check<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release<\/dd><dt>Review<\/dt><dd>five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>GCRI for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Corrections<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), State of the Global Climate 2025, one-page summary of the report released 23 March 2026. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025 (greenhouse gases 2024). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service (ed.), Global Climate Highlights 2025. ECMWF, Reading, for the European Commission. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>ESA <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h23\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 space.orbital.space-debris\" data-tk=\"Space and near-Earth \u00b7 Impacts and orbital hazards\" data-td=\"Defunct satellites, rocket stages and fragments in orbit that can strike working spacecraft and crewed stations.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H23\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/space\/\" data-txl=\"Space and near-Earth\">Space Debris<\/a> Office (ed.), ESA\u2019s Annual Space Environment Report, issue 10.0, 1 May 2026. European Space Agency, ESOC, Darmstadt. Observation year 2025 (modelled population at reference epoch August 2024). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem (ed.), Annual Report 2024. European Space Agency and consortium partners, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>USGS National Land Imaging Program (ed.), NLI Update to the National Geospatial Advisory Committee, March and April 2026 (fiscal year 2025 archive statistics; Landsat 8 and 9 status). US Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), FutureEO after CM25 (Floberghagen), presentation on the outcome of the November 2025 ministerial meeting for the Earth Observation Programme. European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), The Space Economy in 2023, ESA space economy report, published December 2024 (title page not present in the extracted text; section 2 headed The Space Economy in 2023). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>UNDRR and WMO (eds.), Global Status of Multi-Hazard <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early Warning<\/a> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> 2025, as reported in the WMO press release of 12 November 2025, Early warning systems reach new heights, but critical gaps jeopardise global progress (the report itself was not opened). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>FAO (ed.), Global deforestation slows, but forests remain under pressure, FAO report shows, release on the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025, 21 October 2025. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>GEO Secretariat (ed.), GEO-21 Info 1.8 (Rev1): New Members, Participating Organizations and Associates. Group on Earth Observations, Geneva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), Terra: The End of an Era (with end-of-science projections for Terra, Aqua and Aura). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Resources Institute and Global Forest Watch (eds.), Global Forest Watch\u2019s 2025 Tree Cover Loss Data Explained (with University of Maryland GLAD tree cover loss data and comparison with JRC and PRODES series). WRI, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>ESA Council (ed.), Subscription to optional programmes at the CM25, ESA\/C-M(2025)100, rev. 5, Paris, 1 December 2025. European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>GCOS (ed.), The 2022 GCOS Implementation Plan (GCOS-244), abstract and summary of themes, as held in the AWI EPIC repository (the full plan was not opened). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), NISAR mission page (launch 30 July 2025; joint mission with the Indian Space Research Organisation). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Sentinel-1D reaches orbit on Ariane 6, 4 November 2025. European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-gs-12-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-part-references\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cc-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/\">Global Earth Observation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex C<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">References and record<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Every source the edition rests on, the publication record, the corrections log and the open record.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>14 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>0 notes<\/span><span>NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cc-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cc-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cc-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.1<\/span><span>45 sources<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">NR-CIT-1, editor first. A DOI is linked where the source has one; Nexus records carry a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> once the catalogue allocates it (NS-1).<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>ESA <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h23\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 space.orbital.space-debris\" data-tk=\"Space and near-Earth \u00b7 Impacts and orbital hazards\" data-td=\"Defunct satellites, rocket stages and fragments in orbit that can strike working spacecraft and crewed stations.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H23\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/space\/\" data-txl=\"Space and near-Earth\">Space Debris<\/a> Office (ed.), ESA\u2019s Annual Space Environment Report, issue 10.0, 1 May 2026. European Space Agency, ESOC, Darmstadt. Observation year 2025 (modelled population at reference epoch August 2024). Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>UNDRR and WMO (eds.), Global Status of Multi-Hazard <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early Warning<\/a> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> 2025, as reported in the WMO press release of 12 November 2025, Early warning systems reach new heights, but critical gaps jeopardise global progress (the report itself was not opened). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), State of the Global Climate 2025, one-page summary of the report released 23 March 2026. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025 (greenhouse gases 2024). Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service (ed.), Global Climate Highlights 2025. ECMWF, Reading, for the European Commission. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Resources Institute and Global Forest Watch (eds.), Global Forest Watch\u2019s 2025 Tree Cover Loss Data Explained (with University of Maryland GLAD tree cover loss data and comparison with JRC and PRODES series). WRI, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>FAO (ed.), Global deforestation slows, but forests remain under pressure, FAO report shows, release on the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025, 21 October 2025. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), FutureEO after CM25 (Floberghagen), presentation on the outcome of the November 2025 ministerial meeting for the Earth Observation Programme. European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>ESA Council (ed.), Subscription to optional programmes at the CM25, ESA\/C-M(2025)100, rev. 5, Paris, 1 December 2025. European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem (ed.), Annual Report 2024. European Space Agency and consortium partners, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>USGS National Land Imaging Program (ed.), NLI Update to the National Geospatial Advisory Committee, March and April 2026 (fiscal year 2025 archive statistics; Landsat 8 and 9 status). US Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Congressional Research Service (ed.), Landsat, What\u2019s Next? In Focus IN12281, updated 16 June 2025. Congressional Research Service, Washington. Observation year 2025 (FY2026 request). Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), Terra: The End of an Era (with end-of-science projections for Terra, Aqua and Aura). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), NISAR mission page (launch 30 July 2025; joint mission with the Indian Space Research Organisation). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Sentinel-1D reaches orbit on Ariane 6, 4 November 2025. European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>NSIDC (ed.), User notice: SSMIS data processing to end by 30 June 2025, with update extending processing through 31 July 2025. National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 7<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>GCOS (ed.), The 2022 GCOS Implementation Plan (GCOS-244), abstract and summary of themes, as held in the AWI EPIC repository (the full plan was not opened). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), Closing the gaps in the observing network (news article on the Global Basic Observing Network and the Systematic Observations Financing Facility). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year not stated on the page. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), WMO Unified Data Policy Resolution (Res.1) of the Extraordinary World Meteorological Congress 2021, information page. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>GEO Secretariat (ed.), GEO-21 Info 1.8 (Rev1): New Members, Participating Organizations and Associates. Group on Earth Observations, Geneva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>CEOS (ed.), CEOS Analysis Ready Data, overview page. Committee on Earth Observation Satellites. Observation year 2026 (current page). Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>NASA Harvest (ed.), GEOGLAM Crop Monitor for Early Warning Releases 100th Issue, 5 December 2024. NASA Harvest, College Park. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>US Argo Program (ed.), US Argo National Report for the Argo Steering Team meeting AST-26 (operational float counts as of February and April 2025). Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Environmental Defense Fund and MethaneSAT (eds.), MethaneSAT loses contact with satellite, project update of 1 July 2025. Environmental Defense Fund, New York. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 5, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), The Space Economy in 2023, ESA space economy report, published December 2024 (title page not present in the extracted text; section 2 headed The Space Economy in 2023). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>European Commission (ed.), Proposal for a Regulation on the safety, resilience and sustainability of space activities in the Union (EU Space Act), COM(2025) 335 final, transmitted to the Council on 26 June 2025 as document 10935\/25. Council of the European Union, Brussels. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>ECMWF (ed.), ECMWF\u2019s AI forecasts become operational, 25 February 2025. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 7<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>ECMWF (ed.), ECMWF\u2019s ensemble AI forecasts become operational (AIFS ENS), 2025. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 7<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>ECMWF (ed.), Third phase of Destination Earth confirmed, 1 February 2026. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Brown, C.F. et al., AlphaEarth Foundations: An embedding field model for accurate and efficient global mapping from sparse label data, arXiv preprint 2507.22291, July 2025 (abstract opened; not peer reviewed). Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>Szwarcman, D. et al., Prithvi-EO-2.0: A Versatile Multi-Temporal Foundation Model for Earth Observation Applications, arXiv preprint 2412.02732, December 2024 (abstract opened; not peer reviewed). Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>Lam, R. et al., Learning skillful medium-range global weather forecasting, Science 382(6677), 1416 to 1421, 2023 (journal record and abstract opened). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>Hansen, M.C. et al., High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change, Science 342(6160), 850 to 853, 2013 (journal record and summary opened). American Association for the Advancement of Science. Observation year 2012 (study period 2000 to 2012). Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>Pekel, J.-F. et al., High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes, Nature 540, 418 to 422, 2016. Springer Nature, London. Observation year 2015 (study period 1984 to 2015). Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>WHO (ed.), Climate inaction is claiming millions of lives every year, warns new Lancet Countdown report, news release of 29 October 2025. World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2024 (deaths averaged over the series period). Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNDRR (ed.), Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2025: Resilience Pays. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, Geneva. The page returned an access error and no figure is used. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: OECD (ed.), The Space Economy in Figures: Responding to Global Challenges. OECD Publishing, Paris, 2023. The pages returned an access error and no figure is used. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: GCOS (ed.), The Status of the Global Climate Observing System 2021: The GCOS Status Report (GCOS-240). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Named in the opened summary of the 2022 plan [16]; no figure is used. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: NASA Earthdata (ed.), Status update on DMSP data products. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. The page returned an access error; later status is unknown in this edition. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Zhu et al., Benefits of the free and open Landsat data policy, Remote Sensing of Environment 224, 382 to 385, 2019. Elsevier, Amsterdam. Only a bibliographic record without abstract was read; no figure is used. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ISO 19115-1:2014, Geographic information: Metadata, Part 1, fundamentals. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva. The catalogue page returned an access error; cited from memory. Observation year 2014. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Regulation (EU) 2021\/696 establishing the Union Space Programme (including Copernicus), Official Journal of the European Union, 2021, cited from memory. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023\/138 laying down a list of specific high-value datasets and the arrangements for their publication and re-use, Official Journal of the European Union, 2023, cited from memory. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: WMO and SOFF (eds.), Global Basic Observing Network compliance monitoring and SOFF annual reporting, taken from search-result summaries; no figure is used. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UN COPUOS (ed.), Guidelines for the Long-term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities, 2019, named in the opened ESA report [1]; no figure is used. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, Vienna. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-ref-45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Lancet Countdown on health and climate change (eds.), The 2025 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change, The Lancet, October 2025; the figures used are taken from the WHO release [34], not from the report. Elsevier, London. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cc-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cc-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cc-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.2<\/span><span>Publication record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Title<\/dt><dd>Global Earth Observation Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition<\/dd><dt>Series<\/dt><dd>Reports \u00b7 Global Sector Series GS-12<\/dd><dt>Edition<\/dt><dd>Baseline Edition 2026 \u00b7 inaugural annual<\/dd><dt>Version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 \u00b7 draft for stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Publication date<\/dt><dd>October 2026<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>concept and version DOI at deposit<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publisher<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Place<\/dt><dd>Toronto<\/dd><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor<\/dd><dt>Stewards<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 technical truth \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 public meaning \u00b7 GRA \u00b7 capital meaning<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>text CC BY 4.0; data on the terms of each source<\/dd><dt>Copyright<\/dt><dd>\u00a9 2026 GCRI \u00b7 Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Language<\/dt><dd>English (en-GB) source edition<\/dd><dt>Correspondence<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway \u00b7 editorial office<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">DISCLAIMER<\/p><p>This edition is published for research, planning and public understanding. It is not a government assessment, an official warning, a rating, a certification, investment advice or an operational authorisation. Reasonable care has been taken with every source; consult the cited originals before relying on any value.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Colophon<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Format<\/dt><dd>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF<\/dd><dt>Typefaces<\/dt><dd>Space Grotesk (display) \u00b7 Geist (text) \u00b7 IBM Plex Sans Italic (standfirsts) \u00b7 IBM Plex Mono (data)<\/dd><dt>Design standard<\/dt><dd>Reports Foundational Edition, Volume I, Part VII<\/dd><dt>Accessibility<\/dt><dd>tagged PDF and HTML targets; text alternatives for every figure<\/dd><dt>Production<\/dt><dd>Reports editorial team, GCRI<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HOW TO CORRECT THIS EDITION<\/p><p>Report errors, omissions or objections through the Registry correction pathway. Each report is logged and answered; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version, and the original remains resolvable.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Release path for this version<\/h3><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cc-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table C.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Release path for this version<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">When<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Draft<\/td><td>editorial self-check complete at evidence close<\/td><td>October 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Steward review<\/td><td>five passes on the exact draft (keys T \u00b7 M \u00b7 F \u00b7 N)<\/td><td>Q4 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approval<\/td><td>publication authority approves the exact digest<\/td><td>before release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deposit<\/td><td>concept and version DOI minted; registry pointer set<\/td><td>at release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Succession<\/td><td>the 2027 Earth observation edition reports changes against this baseline<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Current version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 draft, stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Previous edition<\/dt><dd>none, first edition of the series<\/dd><dt>Next edition<\/dt><dd>NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2027-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Latest version<\/dt><dd>resolve the concept DOI or the registry record<\/dd><dt>Correction route<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway<\/dd><dt>Notice types<\/dt><dd>erratum \u00b7 addendum \u00b7 supersession \u00b7 withdrawal<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NO CORRECTIONS \u2260 NO LIMITS<\/p><p>The absence of corrections does not mean the absence of limitations. Limitations and uncertainty are stated where they arise in the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><div id=\"nx-nr-gs-12-corrections\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cc-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cc-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cc-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.3<\/span><span>Corrections log<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-corr\"><p class=\"nx-nr-corr-sum\"><span class=\"nx-nr-corr-n\">0<\/span><span>correction notices. No edition has been released yet, so none can be corrected; the log below lists each edition&#8217;s current version.<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Version<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Date<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Change<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Notice<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Edition\"><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">GS-12<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Version\" class=\"nx-rd-mono\">NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/td><td data-label=\"Date\">October 2026<\/td><td data-label=\"State\">Draft<\/td><td data-label=\"Change\">Baseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition,<\/td><td data-label=\"Notice\">None<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-rd-source\">Notice types: erratum, addendum, supersession, withdrawal. A correction is a new version with a published notice; the earlier version stays resolvable, and no edition is ever edited in silence.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-gs-12-outputs\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cc-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cc-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cc-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.4<\/span><span>Open record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-os\"><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>This edition&#8217;s open record<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-SECTOR-EO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Desk identifier and series alias<\/dt><dd>NR-SEC-GS-12-2026-BL<\/dd><dt>Collection<\/dt><dd>None<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>Concept and version DOI at deposit, on Zenodo with DataCite metadata<\/dd><dt>Versions<\/dt><dd>Each correction is a new version (isNewVersionOf); the concept DOI resolves to the latest<\/dd><dt>Bundle<\/dt><dd>RO-Crate 1.2 with CITATION.cff, CodeMeta and PROV-O provenance; a signed manifest<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Credit and identity<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>ORCID<\/dt><dd>Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record<\/dd><dt>ROR<\/dt><dd>Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone<\/dd><dt>CRediT<\/dt><dd>Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing<\/dd><dt>Account<\/dt><dd>None needed to contribute; never a password<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Find and follow<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">Search the open indexes for Global Earth Observation and Planetary Intelligence; software is cited by its SWHID from Software Heritage, and a quantified scenario run is preregistered on OSF before it is run. Annotation is your choice: Hypothesis opens this page in its own viewer.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-nr-os-links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/openalex.org\/works?search=Nexus%20Reports%20Global%20Earth%20Observation%20and%20Planetary%20Intelligence\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAlex<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.openaire.eu\/search\/find?fv0=Nexus%20Reports%20Global%20Earth%20Observation%20and%20Planetary%20Intelligence&amp;f0=q\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAIRE<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/search\/works?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Global%20Earth%20Observation%20and%20Planetary%20Intelligence\" rel=\"noopener\">Crossref<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.datacite.org\/?query=Nexus%20Reports%20Global%20Earth%20Observation%20and%20Planetary%20Intelligence\" rel=\"noopener\">DataCite Commons<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/search?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Global%20Earth%20Observation%20and%20Planetary%20Intelligence\" rel=\"noopener\">Zenodo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.softwareheritage.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Software Heritage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/prereg\/\" rel=\"noopener\">OSF preregistration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/via.hypothes.is\/https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Annotate with Hypothesis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Mirrors and harvest<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">The DOI is canonical. At release each signed bundle is also given an IPFS content identifier and a bloxberg anchor as mirrors; both are listed in the record once they exist. Zenodo exposes every record over OAI-PMH, and reviews and endorsements can arrive through COAR Notify where the repository supports it.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><figure class=\"nx-nr-code\"><figcaption class=\"nx-nr-code-cap\">InvenioRDM metadata for a contribution on Global Earth Observation and Planetary Intelligence, prefilled from this page<\/figcaption><pre class=\"nx-nr-pre\" tabindex=\"0\"><code>{&#10;  &quot;metadata&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;id&quot;: &quot;dataset&quot;&#10;    },&#10;    &quot;title&quot;: &quot;Evidence on Global Earth Observation and Planetary Intelligence for Nexus Reports&quot;,&#10;    &quot;publication_date&quot;: &quot;YYYY-MM-DD&quot;,&#10;    &quot;creators&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;person_or_org&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;type&quot;: &quot;personal&quot;,&#10;          &quot;family_name&quot;: &quot;Your family name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;given_name&quot;: &quot;Your given name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;identifiers&quot;: [&#10;            {&#10;              &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;orcid&quot;,&#10;              &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;0000-0000-0000-0000&quot;&#10;            }&#10;          ]&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;affiliations&quot;: [&#10;          {&#10;            &quot;id&quot;: &quot;ROR identifier of your organisation&quot;&#10;          }&#10;        ]&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;description&quot;: &quot;What it is, where its record is kept and how it bears on Global Earth Observation Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of the World\u2019s Earth Observation and Planetary Intelligence..&quot;,&#10;    &quot;rights&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;id&quot;: &quot;cc-by-4.0&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;subjects&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Nexus Reports&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Global Earth Observation and Planetary Intelligence&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Global Sector Report \u00b7 GS-12&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;related_identifiers&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/&quot;,&#10;        &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;url&quot;,&#10;        &quot;relation_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;issupplementto&quot;&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;publication-report&quot;&#10;        }&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;version&quot;: &quot;1.0.0&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;custom_fields&quot;: {},&#10;  &quot;access&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;record&quot;: &quot;public&quot;,&#10;    &quot;files&quot;: &quot;public&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;files&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;enabled&quot;: true&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;parent&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;communities&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;default&quot;: &quot;nexusreports&quot;&#10;    }&#10;  }&#10;}<\/code><\/pre><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-hook\" data-nx-research-hub=\"slot\" data-nx-research-context=\"{&quot;org&quot;:&quot;GCRI&quot;,&quot;site&quot;:&quot;gcri&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/gs-12\/&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;edition&quot;,&quot;subject&quot;:&quot;Global Earth Observation and Planetary Intelligence&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;Global Sector Report \u00b7 GS-12&quot;]}\" hidden><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-gs-12-pillars\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cc-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cc-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-gs-12-cc-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.5<\/span><span>Where this edition sits among the six pillars<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Foundry seals the evidence and Universe tests it; Reports publishes it; Standards takes its corrections and Academy teaches from it.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F03 Sealed observations and indicator series<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F04 After-action and scenario findings for<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F05 National Portfolio movement for chapter<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Applied in editions<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>: applied in editions.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>GS-12 edition<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Reports<\/span> Global Earth Observation 2026, published in every format with its sources, citation and corrections.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F06 Method and correction findings as change<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F12 Q4 synthesis informs the next-year<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Taught in the open<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Academy<\/span> Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>What Foundry and Universe hand to this edition, and what it hands to Standards, Universe and Academy. From the programme spine; GS-12 is a drafted Baseline Edition, so these handoffs run from its first operational quarter.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Handoff<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Between<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What crosses, and when<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F03<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F04<\/span><\/td><td>Universe to Reports<\/td><td>After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F05<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus Standards to Reports<\/td><td>Nexus Standards: applied in editions.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F06<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Nexus Standards<\/td><td>Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F12<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Universe<\/td><td>Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"academy\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Risk Academy<\/td><td>Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-noprint\"><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Send evidence or a correction on Global Earth Observation and Planetary Intelligence.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the GCRI <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Evidence desk. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work. Sent to the wrong desk, it is forwarded, not refused.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI Systems Evidence desk<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Sector Risk and Resilience<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. 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