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\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\"><style>#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-kor-full.nxe{display:block;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:1180px;margin:0 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svg{display:none}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-kor-full.nxe svg.nx-i{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:-3px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-kor-full.nxe :where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-kor-full.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><div class=\"nrp\"><div class=\"nrp-wrap\"><p class=\"nrj-draft\" data-nrj-shared=\"draft\" role=\"note\"><strong>Draft, not yet released.<\/strong> In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.<\/p><article class=\"nrp-flow\"><header class=\"nrp-hero\"><div class=\"nrp-hero-grid\"><div><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Baseline Edition 2026<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Complete edition<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 class=\"pp-hero-title nrp-hero-title-l\">Republic of Korea Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026<\/h1><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The State of Korea\u2019s Interdependent Systems<\/p><div class=\"nrp-actions\"><button class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" type=\"button\" data-nrp-act=\"print\" hidden><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 18H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><path d=\"M6 9V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6\"\/><rect x=\"6\" y=\"14\" width=\"12\" height=\"8\" rx=\"1\"\/><\/svg>Print or save as PDF<\/button><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19 12H5\"\/><path d=\"m12 19-7-7 7-7\"\/><\/svg>Edition home<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nrp-note nrp-noprint\">Choose A4 or Letter in the print dialog; running heads and page numbers are added in print. This is a review copy: the signed PDF with its DOI is issued at release.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nrp-cover\"><div class=\"nrp-cover-top\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">KOR<\/span><\/div><span class=\"nrp-cover-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"nrp-cover-k\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-t\">Republic of Korea 2026<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-s\">The State of Korea\u2019s Interdependent Systems<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cover-foot\"><span>Baseline Edition 2026<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><span><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> for the Nexus Consortium<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block nrp-imprint\" aria-label=\"Imprint\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Imprint<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor, the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto<\/dd><dt>Report number<\/dt><dd class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026, cut NQ-KOR-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Status<\/dt><dd>Draft under stewardship review; not yet released<\/dd><dt>DOI and UNI<\/dt><dd>Issued at deposit<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>CC BY 4.0 for Nexus-authored text, tables and figures; third-party material keeps its own licence<\/dd><dt>Cite as<\/dt><dd>Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Republic of Korea <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk and Resilience Report 2026: The State of Korea\u2019s Interdependent Systems (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" aria-label=\"Contents\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Contents<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">\u00b7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-part-summary\">Executive summary<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-part-coupled-system\">Chapter 1. Korea\u2019s risk is demographic, climatic and import-dependent at once<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-part-findings\">Chapter 2. Key findings<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-part-systems-and-sectors\">Chapter 3. Systems and sectors at baseline<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-part-risk-and-capability\">Chapter 4. Risks and capability<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-part-scenario\">Chapter 5. Heat and heavy-rain sequence over the capital region<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-part-lenses-and-readings\">Chapter 6. Readings from the other desks<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-part-agenda\">Chapter 7. The 2027 agenda<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">8<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-part-systems-in-depth\">Chapter 8. Systems in depth<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-part-methodology\">Annex A. Methodology<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-part-data\">Annex B. Data appendix<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-part-references\">Annex C. References and record<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-part-summary\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/\">Republic of Korea 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Executive summary<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Executive summary<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The edition on a few pages: the abstract, the key messages, the headline finding and what each steward reads in it.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>13 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.1<\/span><span>Abstract<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>The Republic of Korea (\ub300\ud55c\ubbfc\uad6d) enters 2027 as a high-income economy of 51.68 million people and about US$1.87 trillion of output in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>, with one of the lowest fertility rates in the world and an ageing society. Births rose 6.7% in 2025 to about 254,300, yet total fertility stood at 0.63 in Seoul and 1.09 in Jeonnam<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. In December 2025 Korea submitted a 2035 target of 53% to 61% below 2018, including land use<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>, while Climate Action Tracker projects 2030 emissions only 11% to 19% below 2018 under current policies<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. Fossil fuels supplied 60% of electricity in 2025 and solar and wind 7%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>, and Korea expects to import 16.7 million tonnes of cereals in 2026\/27<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>. Several national series that this edition set out to bind, among them greenhouse-gas inventory totals, water supply, protected areas, heat illness, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> and flood losses, could not be read at evidence close and appear as designed gaps with their source and blocker. This Baseline Edition fixes the reference state for Korea\u2019s water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, maps the couplings through which heat, rain, seismic and supply shocks travel, and sets the questions the first operational edition will answer with Foundry evidence in Q1 2027. It decides nothing.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.2<\/span><span>Key messages<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Six readings that frame the Republic of Korea baseline, and the eight questions this edition answers, each with its status and source.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-km\"><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Inventory totals after 2022 are not bound. The 2035 target is 53% to 61% below 2018.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Where do emissions stand?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Climate Action Tracker projects 11% to 19% below 2018 by 2030 under current policies.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Is Korea on course for its 2030 target?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Fossil fuels supplied 60% of generation in 2025; low-carbon sources 40%.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How secure is electricity?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Korea expects to import 16.7 million tonnes of cereals in 2026\/27.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How secure is food?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Births rose in 2025 but fertility is lowest in Seoul at 0.63; the ageing share is not bound.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n45\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-r45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Is demographic change a health risk?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Water and protected-area series are not bound at evidence close.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What about water and nature?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">The IMF projects 2.6% growth in 2026.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What does the economy look like?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">A heat and heavy-rain sequence over the capital region loading power, water, transport and care. SCN-KOR-HRT-01<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What will Q1 2027 test first?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.3<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Korea submitted a 2035 target of 53% to 61% below 2018 including land use, equal to 304 to 364 Mt CO\u2082e, in December 2025.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure S.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-fig1-t\">Korea\u2019s 2035 target range (% below 2018, including land use)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Lower end<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"86.9\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">53<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Upper end<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">61<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: Climate Action Tracker 2035 target page<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figure><p class=\"nrp-p\">The range is large against the 2030 projection of 11% to 19% below 2018 for current policies<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. The gap is where power, industry and transport plans must carry the load, which makes the electricity mix<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup> the first system to watch.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.4<\/span><span>At a glance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">51.68<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>population, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1.87<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">US$ trillion<\/span><p>GDP, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">36,624<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">US$<\/span><p>GNI per capita, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">254,300<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">births<\/span><p>live births, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">40<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>low-carbon electricity, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">Not bound<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\"><\/span><p>provincial structure and ageing share<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.5<\/span><span>What each steward reads in it<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of Korea\u2019s risk: a demanding climate target, an electricity mix still 60% fossil, heavy reliance on imported cereals and a low, uneven fertility rate.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as a heat wave, a typhoon warning or a price change.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. The protection gap and public-asset cover are not bound, and the target range asks for large investment in the power system.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>Korea\u2019s demographic and electricity series are readable now; water, heat, wildfire and nature series are not.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.6<\/span><span>What this edition is, and is not<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What this edition is<\/h3><p>A baseline: the state of Republic of Korea\u2019s water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in 2026, the dependencies that connect them, the risks that travel through them and the capabilities that hold them. It sets out the questions the operational series will answer.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What it is not<\/h3><p>Not a national <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/glossary\/risk-assessment\/\" data-tgl=\"Nexus Standards glossary\">risk assessment<\/a>, an official warning or a rating. It decides nothing about any institution or asset. Competent authorities keep every mandate they hold, and national ownership of the series is unaffected.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What comes next<\/h3><p>Q1 2027 opens the operational series with a sealed Foundry evidence cut. Each later edition reports what changed against this baseline, new observations, source revisions, method changes, scenario updates and corrections.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Korea, Rep. (population and GDP). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/korea-rep<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) (ed.), \u201cBirth Statistics in 2025.\u201d KOSTAT, Daejeon, 26 August 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/mods.go.kr\/board.es?mid=a20108010000&amp;bid=11773&amp;act=view&amp;list_no=447264<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea: 2035 NDC.\u201d Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, December 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/climateactiontracker.org\/countries\/south-korea\/2035-ndc\/<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea\u201d country assessment. Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, updated 29 December 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/climateactiontracker.org\/countries\/south-korea\/<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea\u201d country page, electricity shares. Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/ember-energy.org\/countries-and-regions\/south-korea\/<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Republic of Korea, reference date 2 September 2026. FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.fao.org\/giews\/countrybrief\/country.jsp?code=KOR<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center of Korea (ed.), National GHG Inventory (1990\u20132022 listed). GIR, Sejong. Observation year 2022 (page lists; figures not read). Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.gir.go.kr\/eng\/index.do<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) (ed.), Population Projections. KOSTAT, Daejeon. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-n45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) (ed.), Vital Statistics monthly releases (July 2026 release dated 23 September 2026; listing read, figures not read). KOSTAT, Daejeon. Observation year 2026. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/mods.go.kr\/menu.es?mid=a20108000000<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-r45\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 45\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Ministry of Environment (ed.), Waterworks statistics. MoE, Sejong. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan profile: Republic of Korea. CBD Secretariat, Montreal. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>International Monetary Fund (ed.), Republic of Korea country page: 2025 Article IV report and July 2026 World Economic Outlook Update projections. IMF, Washington DC. Observation year 2025 and 2026 projection. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/KOR<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cs-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cThe World Bank in Korea: overview\u201d (GNI per capita). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/korea\/overview<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-part-coupled-system\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/\">Republic of Korea 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 1<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Korea\u2019s risk is demographic, climatic and import-dependent at once<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Part I describes systems and their couplings. It assesses no authority and ranks no province.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>2 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>12 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.1<\/span><span>The questions this part answers<\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Key questions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Where is Republic of Korea\u2019s risk concentrated, and in which <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>?<\/li><li>Which couplings carry shocks from one system to the next?<\/li><li>Which capabilities hold under compound stress, and which are only documented?<\/li><li>What must the 2027 programme measure first?<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">In this part<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Narrative<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Headline finding<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Lead figure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Five system chapters<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Twelve-domain reading<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Sector screens<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Dependency matrix<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Risk objects<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Capability ladder<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Scenario<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Three lenses<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Portfolio<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.2<\/span><span>The argument<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>The Republic of Korea is a high-income economy of 51.68 million people, with about US$1.87 trillion of output in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>. This baseline reads its exposure as three forces acting together: a population that is ageing and has very low fertility, a warming climate that intensifies heat, rain and fire, and a dependence on traded fuel and food.<\/p><p>The demographic layer is the best bound. Births rose 6.7% in 2025 to about 254,300, and mothers were 33.8 years old on average<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. Total fertility ranged from 0.63 in Seoul to 1.09 in Jeonnam<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. The share of people aged 65 or over is not bound in this edition, because the release that would fill it could not be read<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The climate-policy layer is mixed. Korea submitted a 2035 target of 53% to 61% below 2018 including land use<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>, and the tracker rates the national domestic target almost sufficient and the overall effort insufficient<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>. Current policies are projected to leave 2030 emissions only 11% to 19% below 2018<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. Inventory totals after 2022 are not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The energy layer shows the pace of change. Fossil fuels supplied 60% of electricity in 2025 and low-carbon sources 40%, with solar and wind at 7%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. Korea has set a renewable electricity target of 30% for 2035<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>Food security rests on trade. Korea expects to import 16.7 million tonnes of cereals in 2026\/27, 11.6 million tonnes of it maize for feed<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>. The domestic share of food supply is not bound in this edition<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>This edition therefore reads Korea\u2019s risk as a property of the couplings between these forces. The matrix, risk objects, capability ladder and scenario that follow ask the same two questions: where does a shock travel next, and who holds the capability to stop it?<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-fig1-t\">How much of Korea\u2019s electricity is low-carbon? Electricity shares, 2025 (%)<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Low-carbon sources supplied 40% of electricity, against 43% for the world; solar and wind supplied 7%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Fossil fuels<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">60<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Low-carbon<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"66.7\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">40<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Solar and wind<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"11.7\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">7<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: as cited in the note to this figure. Year 2025.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Figure ID FIG-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-01-003<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">60<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>fossil share, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">40<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>low-carbon share, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>solar and wind, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">30<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>renewable electricity goal for 2035<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.3<\/span><span>Twenty couplings between five systems<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The Republic of Korea matrix types the twenty couplings between the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events; they set the starting graph that the Q1 2027 Foundry cut will test.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-fig2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-fig2-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-fig2-t\">Couplings between the five systems<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Each line is one coupling from one system to another, drawn by the strength the edition assigns. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events.<\/p><\/figcaption><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-ring\" viewBox=\"0 0 340 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Coupling ring: 20 typed couplings between water, energy, food, health and biodiversity. The matrix in the next table carries every value.\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><ul class=\"nrp-legend\"><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"STRONG\"><\/span>Strong<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"MODERATE\"><\/span>Moderate<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"WEAK\"><\/span>Weak<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: this edition&#8217;s coupling matrix (Table 1.1); status Estimated.<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling matrix: from the row system to the column system<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">From, to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">WAT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">ENE<\/th><th scope=\"col\">FOO<\/th><th scope=\"col\">HLT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">BIO<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><b>WAT<\/b> Water<\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">nuclear cooling \u00b7 hydro<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">irrigation \u00b7 rain-fed yield<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">drinking water<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>ENE<\/b> Energy<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pumping \u00b7 treatment<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fuel \u00b7 fertiliser \u00b7 cold chain<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">facility power \u00b7 cooling<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">reservoirs \u00b7 land use<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>FOO<\/b> Food<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">withdrawals \u00b7 nutrients<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">biofuel feedstock<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">nutrition \u00b7 food safety<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">land conversion<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>HLT<\/b> Health<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">labour \u00b7 disease<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">residues<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>BIO<\/b> Biodiversity<\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fire on lines \u00b7 biomass<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pollination \u00b7 soils<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">zoonoses \u00b7 smoke<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"6\">Strength: strong, moderate or weak; a Nexus estimate (status Estimated) from cited evidence and analogue events. The scale is defined in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Transmission paths<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 ENE \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">A heat wave raises cooling demand and loads clinics and care at once.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> summer record not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Heavy rain floods dense urban areas and cuts transport.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> event record not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">SEI \u2192 INF \u2192 ENE<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">An <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> or induced event near energy and industrial sites.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> Pohang 2017<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">TRD \u2192 ENE \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Fuel and fertiliser price shocks pass into food costs.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> import data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">TRD \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">A grain price or shipping shock reaches feed and food.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> cereal imports 2026\/27<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.4<\/span><span>Reinforcing loops<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A shock entering either system of a loop can return amplified through the other.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Pairs of systems where both directions are rated strong<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Loop<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First direction<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Second direction<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Water to biodiversity: flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/td><td>Biodiversity to water: regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Food to biodiversity: land conversion<\/td><td>Biodiversity to food: pollination \u00b7 soils<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"3\">A causal-loop reading of the matrix (Sterman, Business Dynamics, 2000): structural, from estimated strengths, not a measured feedback.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Korea, Rep. (population and GDP). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/korea-rep<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) (ed.), \u201cBirth Statistics in 2025.\u201d KOSTAT, Daejeon, 26 August 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/mods.go.kr\/board.es?mid=a20108010000&amp;bid=11773&amp;act=view&amp;list_no=447264<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) (ed.), Population Projections. KOSTAT, Daejeon. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea: 2035 NDC.\u201d Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, December 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/climateactiontracker.org\/countries\/south-korea\/2035-ndc\/<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea\u201d country assessment. Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, updated 29 December 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/climateactiontracker.org\/countries\/south-korea\/<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center of Korea (ed.), National GHG Inventory (1990\u20132022 listed). GIR, Sejong. Observation year 2022 (page lists; figures not read). Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.gir.go.kr\/eng\/index.do<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea\u201d country page, electricity shares. Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/ember-energy.org\/countries-and-regions\/south-korea\/<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Republic of Korea, reference date 2 September 2026. FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.fao.org\/giews\/countrybrief\/country.jsp?code=KOR<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (ed.), Food Balance Sheet and self-sufficiency statistics. MAFRA, Sejong. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (ed.), Heat-related illness surveillance report. KDCA, Cheongju. Source for a designed gap; the page returned an error at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Korea Forest Service (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Wildfire<\/a> statistics and damage records. Korea Forest Service, Daejeon. Source for a designed gap; the page returned an error at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c1-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>F. Grigoli, S. Cesca, E. Priolo et al., \u201cThe November 2017 Mw 5.5 Pohang <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a>: a possible case of induced seismicity in South Korea,\u201d Science, vol. 360, pp. 1003\u20131006, 2018. Observation year 2017.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c1-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-part-findings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/\">Republic of Korea 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 2<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Key findings<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Twelve findings carry the baseline. They are grouped by system, never ranked. Each resolves to its source or, where Nexus analysis is involved, to its stated method.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>3 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>11 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.1<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\">NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Korea submitted a 2035 target of 53% to 61% below 2018 including land use, equal to 304 to 364 Mt CO\u2082e, in December 2025.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 2.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-fig1-t\">Korea\u2019s 2035 target range (% below 2018, including land use)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Lower end<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"86.9\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">53<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Upper end<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">61<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: Climate Action Tracker 2035 target page<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figure><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Implication<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">The range is large against the 2030 projection of 11% to 19% below 2018 for current policies<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. The gap is where power, industry and transport plans must carry the load, which makes the electricity mix<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup> the first system to watch.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What would move it<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">The electricity mix for 2026, the plan for the next electricity supply, and inventory totals after 2022 would each move this finding.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.2<\/span><span>Climate forcing<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\">NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Korea submitted a 2035 target of 53% to 61% below 2018 including land use, or 304 to 364 Mt CO\u2082e, in December 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002\">NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Climate Action Tracker projects 2030 emissions 11% to 19% below 2018 under current policies, excluding land use.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.3<\/span><span>Energy<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-ENE-003\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-ENE-003\">NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-ENE-003<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Fossil fuels supplied 60% of electricity and low-carbon sources 40% in 2025; solar and wind supplied 7%.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.4<\/span><span>Food<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-FOO-004\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-FOO-004\">NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-FOO-004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Korea expects to import 16.7 million tonnes of cereals in 2026\/27, including 11.6 million tonnes of maize and 4.6 million tonnes of wheat.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.5<\/span><span>Health<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-HLT-005\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-HLT-005\">NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-HLT-005<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Births rose 6.7% in 2025 to about 254,300, and mothers were 33.8 years old on average.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-HLT-006\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-HLT-006\">NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-HLT-006<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Total fertility in 2025 ranged from 0.63 in Seoul to 1.09 in Jeonnam.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-HLT-011\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-HLT-011\">NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-HLT-011<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The share of the population aged 65 or over and heat-illness counts are not bound in this edition.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.6<\/span><span>Finance<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-FIN-007\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-FIN-007\">NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-FIN-007<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The IMF projects growth of 2.6% and inflation of 2.5% for 2026.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.7<\/span><span>SEI<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-SEI-008\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-SEI-008\">NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-SEI-008<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The 2017 Pohang <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> (moment magnitude 5.5) has been analysed in peer-reviewed work as a possible case of induced seismicity.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.8<\/span><span>Water<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-WAT-009\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-WAT-009\">NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-WAT-009<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Water supply, water loss and drought indicators are not bound in this edition.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.9<\/span><span>Biodiversity<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-BIO-010\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-BIO-010\">NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-BIO-010<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Protected-area coverage and ecosystem condition are not bound in this edition.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.10<\/span><span>Systemic<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\">NRF-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The leading compound pathway for 2027 testing is a summer heat and heavy-rain sequence over a dense, ageing capital region that loads power, water, transport and care together. \u00a79.3<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea: 2035 NDC.\u201d Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, December 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/climateactiontracker.org\/countries\/south-korea\/2035-ndc\/<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea\u201d country assessment. Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, updated 29 December 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/climateactiontracker.org\/countries\/south-korea\/<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea\u201d country page, electricity shares. Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/ember-energy.org\/countries-and-regions\/south-korea\/<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Republic of Korea, reference date 2 September 2026. FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.fao.org\/giews\/countrybrief\/country.jsp?code=KOR<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) (ed.), \u201cBirth Statistics in 2025.\u201d KOSTAT, Daejeon, 26 August 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/mods.go.kr\/board.es?mid=a20108010000&amp;bid=11773&amp;act=view&amp;list_no=447264<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (ed.), Heat-related illness surveillance report. KDCA, Cheongju. Source for a designed gap; the page returned an error at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) (ed.), Population Projections. KOSTAT, Daejeon. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>International Monetary Fund (ed.), Republic of Korea country page: 2025 Article IV report and July 2026 World Economic Outlook Update projections. IMF, Washington DC. Observation year 2025 and 2026 projection. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/KOR<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>F. Grigoli, S. Cesca, E. Priolo et al., \u201cThe November 2017 Mw 5.5 Pohang <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a>: a possible case of induced seismicity in South Korea,\u201d Science, vol. 360, pp. 1003\u20131006, 2018. Observation year 2017.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Ministry of Environment (ed.), Waterworks statistics. MoE, Sejong. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c2-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan profile: Republic of Korea. CBD Secretariat, Montreal. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c2-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-part-systems-and-sectors\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/\">Republic of Korea 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 3<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems and sectors at baseline<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>4 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>11 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.1<\/span><span>Where each system stood at evidence close<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WAT \u00b7 Water<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Water supply and water-loss indicators<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">Not bound<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\"><\/span><p>Source: Ministry of Environment waterworks statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>. Blocker: not retrieved by evidence close.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span><span>none<\/span><span>MoE<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">ENE \u00b7 Energy<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Low-carbon share of electricity<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">40<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Fossil fuels supplied 60%; solar and wind 7%.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>Ember<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FOO \u00b7 Food<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Cereal imports expected, marketing year 2026\/27<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">16.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million t<\/span><p>Maize 11.6 million tonnes and wheat 4.6 million tonnes.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2026<\/span><span>FAO<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HLT \u00b7 Health<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Lowest regional total fertility rate<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">0.63<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">births per woman<\/span><p>Seoul in 2025; Jeonnam was highest at 1.09.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>KOSTAT<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">BIO \u00b7 Biodiversity<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Protected-area coverage<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">Not bound<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\"><\/span><p>Source: national reporting to the Convention on Biological Diversity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup>. Blocker: not retrieved by evidence close.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span><span>none<\/span><span>CBD<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SYS \u00b7 Cross-system<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">2035 target range, below 2018 including land use<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">53\u201361<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Equal to 304 to 364 Mt CO\u2082e in 2035.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>CAT<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.2<\/span><span>Domain posture<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each of the twelve coupled domains is read in words, not scored. The coupling column names the dependency that carries risk into other <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Each domain read in words, not scored<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Domain<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Posture at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT<\/span><\/td><td>Supply, loss and drought indicators not bound; pipes and basins to be read in 2027.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT \u2192 HLT \u00b7 WAT \u2194 ENE<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE<\/span><\/td><td>Fossil fuels 60% of electricity in 2025; low-carbon 40%.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO<\/span><\/td><td>Cereal imports of 16.7 million tonnes expected in 2026\/27.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO \u2190 TRD, ENE<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT<\/span><\/td><td>Births up 6.7% in 2025; fertility lowest in Seoul; ageing share not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT \u2190 CLI, SEI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Protected-area coverage not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO \u2194 WAT, FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CLI<\/span><\/td><td>2035 target 53% to 61% below 2018; 2030 projection 11% to 19%.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">forcing on all systems<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF<\/span><\/td><td>Dense urban networks; condition not bound at public-safe resolution.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN<\/span><\/td><td>IMF projects 2.6% growth in 2026; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a> not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN \u2190 SEI, CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT<\/span><\/td><td>Digital dependencies of lifelines not mapped at public-safe resolution.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT \u2192 ENE, FIN<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC<\/span><\/td><td>Semiconductor and data-centre capacity adds power and water demand; not quantified.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC \u2192 ENE, WAT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN<\/span><\/td><td>Critical minerals and fuels imported; stock depth not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN \u2190 TRD<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD<\/span><\/td><td>A trading economy dependent on sea lanes for fuel, grain and inputs.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.3<\/span><span>Sector screens<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">All sixteen sectors are screened on the same grammar, so that later editions can say what changed. The evidence column describes coverage of the baseline evidence, not the performance of the sector.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Sectors: baseline evidence and the exposure to watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Code<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Sector<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Exposure to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-00<\/span><\/td><td>Cross-system<\/td><td>compound heat, rain and demographic stress<\/td><td>heat and heavy rain over the capital region<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-01<\/span><\/td><td>Water<\/td><td>indicators not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>drought; flood; pipe condition<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-02<\/span><\/td><td>Energy<\/td><td>60% fossil electricity, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>supply disruption; peak heat demand<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-03<\/span><\/td><td>Food<\/td><td>16.7 million t cereal imports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>import shocks<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-04<\/span><\/td><td>Health<\/td><td>low and uneven fertility<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat surge; care continuity<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-05<\/span><\/td><td>Finance<\/td><td>IMF growth 2.6%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>catastrophe fiscal cost<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-06<\/span><\/td><td>Development<\/td><td>regional fertility gap<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>service withdrawal<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-07<\/span><\/td><td>Climate<\/td><td>2035 target<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat, rain and fire<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-08<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster<\/td><td>loss records not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>floods, typhoons, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a>, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a><\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-09<\/span><\/td><td>Infrastructure<\/td><td>condition not bound<\/td><td>maintenance backlog<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-10<\/span><\/td><td>Cities<\/td><td>dense metropolitan regions<\/td><td>urban flooding and heat<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-11<\/span><\/td><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>indicators not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>land-use and climate pressure<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-12<\/span><\/td><td>Earth observation<\/td><td>national weather service data not read<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>continuity<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-13<\/span><\/td><td>Cyber and digital<\/td><td>dependencies not yet mapped<\/td><td>systemic outages<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-14<\/span><\/td><td>Policy<\/td><td>carbon neutrality framework<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>coordination across levels<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-15<\/span><\/td><td>Science<\/td><td>peer-reviewed seismic analysis<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>translation to regions<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Ministry of Environment (ed.), Waterworks statistics. MoE, Sejong. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea\u201d country page, electricity shares. Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/ember-energy.org\/countries-and-regions\/south-korea\/<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Republic of Korea, reference date 2 September 2026. FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.fao.org\/giews\/countrybrief\/country.jsp?code=KOR<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) (ed.), \u201cBirth Statistics in 2025.\u201d KOSTAT, Daejeon, 26 August 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/mods.go.kr\/board.es?mid=a20108010000&amp;bid=11773&amp;act=view&amp;list_no=447264<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan profile: Republic of Korea. CBD Secretariat, Montreal. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea: 2035 NDC.\u201d Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, December 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/climateactiontracker.org\/countries\/south-korea\/2035-ndc\/<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>International Monetary Fund (ed.), Republic of Korea country page: 2025 Article IV report and July 2026 World Economic Outlook Update projections. IMF, Washington DC. Observation year 2025 and 2026 projection. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/KOR<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Korea Forest Service (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Wildfire<\/a> statistics and damage records. Korea Forest Service, Daejeon. Source for a designed gap; the page returned an error at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Korea Meteorological Administration (ed.), Annual Climate Report. KMA, Seoul. Source for climate extremes; not bound at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Government of the Republic of Korea (ed.), Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth for Coping with Climate Crisis. Seoul, 2021. Observation year 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c3-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>F. Grigoli, S. Cesca, E. Priolo et al., \u201cThe November 2017 Mw 5.5 Pohang <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a>: a possible case of induced seismicity in South Korea,\u201d Science, vol. 360, pp. 1003\u20131006, 2018. Observation year 2017.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c3-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-part-risk-and-capability\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/\">Republic of Korea 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 4<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Risks and capability<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Four risk objects open the portfolio. Order carries no rank. Each is read across driver, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, cascade and consequence.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>3 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>7 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.1<\/span><span>Risk objects<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each risk is read across the chain from hazard to consequence, with its status and evidence-quality level.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-KOR-SEI-001<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Induced or natural earthquake near dense industry<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>natural or induced seismicity<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>industrial and urban areas<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>not bound at public-safe resolution<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>not bound<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>SEI \u2192 INF, ENE<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>30 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-KOR-CLI-002<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Heavy rain, typhoon and urban flooding<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>more <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h4\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.precipitation.heavy-rain\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Precipitation extremes\" data-td=\"Rain falling fast or long enough to overwhelm drainage, soils and streams and to trigger floods and slope failures.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H4\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">intense rainfall<\/a> and typhoons<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>dense cities and floodplains<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>not bound<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>not bound<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 INF, HLT<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>annual<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-KOR-HLT-003<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Heat and demographic change loading health and care<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>longer, hotter summers<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>older adults; outdoor workers<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>ageing share not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c4-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>heat illness records not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c4-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 HLT \u2192 ENE peak<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>seasonal<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-KOR-ENE-004<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Fuel and gas supply disruption<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>shipping disruption or price spike<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>power, industry, households<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>stock depth not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c4-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>not bound<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>TRD \u2192 ENE \u2192 FOO, FIN<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1\u20135 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.2<\/span><span>Capability ladder<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Existence is not readiness. Each of the fifteen capability functions is placed on the ladder by the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 4.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Capabilities on the ladder of evidence: listed, exists, demonstrated, tested<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Function<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rung<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Level<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Strongest public evidence at baseline<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Prevention and mitigation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: building and land-use records \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoring and observation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: national weather and seismic service records<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c4-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: weather service and disaster agency records \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preparedness and planning<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: national disaster safety plans<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c4-n44\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-r44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Redundancy and reserves<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: energy and grain reserve records<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c4-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Response<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: disaster agency records \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Continuity of critical services<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: operator continuity records \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recovery<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: recovery programme records \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adaptation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: national adaptation plans \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Social protection<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: national social insurance records \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance and insurance<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: Bank of Korea and regulator reports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c4-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Institutional coordination<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: national framework acts<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c4-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c4-n44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Technical infrastructure<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: operator asset records \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Workforce<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: ministry workforce statistics \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Research capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: national research statistics \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"4\">A capability listed in policy is not a tested one; each rung is the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) (ed.), Population Projections. KOSTAT, Daejeon. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c4-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (ed.), Heat-related illness surveillance report. KDCA, Cheongju. Source for a designed gap; the page returned an error at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Korea Energy Economics Institute (ed.), Yearbook of Energy Statistics. KEEI, Ulsan. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c4-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Korea Meteorological Administration (ed.), Annual Climate Report. KMA, Seoul. Source for climate extremes; not bound at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c4-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-n44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>Government of the Republic of Korea (ed.), Framework Act on the Management of Disasters and Safety. Seoul. Observation year none bound (current consolidated text not read).<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c4-r44\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 44\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Bank of Korea (ed.), Financial Stability Report. Bank of Korea, Seoul. Observation year 2026 (latest report). Not opened at evidence close.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c4-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c4-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Government of the Republic of Korea (ed.), Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth for Coping with Climate Crisis. Seoul, 2021. Observation year 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c4-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-part-scenario\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c5-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/\">Republic of Korea 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 5<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Heat and heavy-rain sequence over the capital region<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">A conditional statement under stated assumptions, never a prediction.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>2 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>2 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c5-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c5-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c5-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.1<\/span><span>Assumptions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Scenario SCN-KOR-HRT-01: what is assumed, and what is held constant.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Baseline<\/dt><dd>the 2026 reference state in this edition<\/dd><dt>Drivers<\/dt><dd>a prolonged summer heat wave followed within weeks by a heavy-rain and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">typhoon<\/a> event over a dense metropolitan region<\/dd><dt>Analogues<\/dt><dd>not bound; event records are a designed gap<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c5-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c5-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c5-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c5-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Interventions<\/dt><dd>none modelled; the specification describes the unmitigated case<\/dd><dt>Run state<\/dt><dd>narrative specification; quantified Foundry run scheduled for Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c5-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c5-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c5-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.2<\/span><span>The cascade, step by step<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 ENE<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">cooling demand lifts peak load<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">expert input<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">heat illness loads clinics and care settings<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">expert input<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">heavy rain floods streets and basements<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">expert input<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">WAT \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">transport and power equipment are cut<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">expert input<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">INF \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">access to care falls for older residents<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">expert input<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">HLT \u2192 population<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">recovery load falls on the same services<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">expert input<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c5-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c5-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c5-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.3<\/span><span>The scenario as a table of steps<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">How the shock in scenario SCN-KOR-HRT-01 would travel through Republic of Korea&#8217;s coupled <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, step by step, under the assumptions the edition states.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Climate to energy<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Cooling demand lifts peak load. Analogue or source: expert input.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition KOR, scenario SCN-KOR-HRT-01, step 1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 Climate to health<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Heat illness loads clinics and care settings. Analogue or source: expert input.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition KOR, scenario SCN-KOR-HRT-01, step 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 Climate to water<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Heavy rain floods streets and basements. Analogue or source: expert input.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition KOR, scenario SCN-KOR-HRT-01, step 3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 Water to infrastructure<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Transport and power equipment are cut. Analogue or source: expert input.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition KOR, scenario SCN-KOR-HRT-01, step 4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 Infrastructure to health<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Access to care falls for older residents. Analogue or source: expert input.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition KOR, scenario SCN-KOR-HRT-01, step 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Health to population<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Recovery load falls on the same services. Analogue or source: expert input.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition KOR, scenario SCN-KOR-HRT-01, step 6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of a conditional scenario under the edition&#8217;s stated assumptions: not a forecast, not a prediction and not a warning. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/scenario\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Republic of Korea 2026, scenario SCN-KOR-HRT-01<\/a> (2026); Republic of Korea 2026, references (NR-CIT-1) (2026).<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c5-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c5-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c5-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c5-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Korea Forest Service (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Wildfire<\/a> statistics and damage records. Korea Forest Service, Daejeon. Source for a designed gap; the page returned an error at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c5-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c5-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (ed.), Heat-related illness surveillance report. KDCA, Cheongju. Source for a designed gap; the page returned an error at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c5-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-part-lenses-and-readings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/\">Republic of Korea 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 6<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Readings from the other desks<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The baseline is read through each steward\u2019s lens, then once as a whole. Each lens is a projection of reviewed findings, not a separate argument. The other desks&#8217; own editions of this subject are listed first, as cross-references, not copies.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>12 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>8 tables<\/span><span>32 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.1<\/span><span>The other desks&#8217; editions of this subject<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Federation: each desk writes its own edition for the subjects in its remit. Until a desk releases, its edition shows its frame and the reading this edition printed for it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Desk<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-host=\"true\"><th scope=\"row\">GCRI Systems Evidence<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRF Public Deliberation<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRA Capital Readiness<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Standards Progress<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Academy Capability<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Index Measurement<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.2<\/span><span>Three lenses<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">One edition, read by each steward. The lens of this site comes first.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\" data-host=\"true\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of Korea\u2019s risk: a demanding climate target, an electricity mix still 60% fossil, heavy reliance on imported cereals and a low, uneven fertility rate. Evidence is strongest for the electricity mix and the target, and weakest for water, nature, heat and loss records, which are not bound.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-001 \u00b7 ENE-003 \u00b7 HLT-005 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRF \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as a heat wave, a typhoon warning or a price change. The baseline asks that public debate weigh how regional differences in fertility and ageing change who can be reached and how fast places recover.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">HLT-005 \u00b7 HLT-006 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRA \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. The protection gap and public-asset cover are not bound, and the target range asks for large investment in the power system. These show where finance-readiness evidence will matter. Nothing here is advice, a rating or an approval.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">FIN-007 \u00b7 CLI-001<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>Korea\u2019s demographic and electricity series are readable now; water, heat, wildfire and nature series are not. The 2027 programme should bind them, map capital-region lifeline dependencies, and measure fuel and grain import exposure.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">SYS-012 \u00b7 A-01 \u00b7 A-02<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.3<\/span><span>Standards, Academy and steward contributions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">How the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> drafts, the Risk Academy and the three stewards feed each quarterly edition for Republic of Korea. The standards are preparatory working drafts (October 2026) and are cited as drafts, never as adopted standards.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The quarterly rhythm every edition follows<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Quarter<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Boundary<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Q1<\/td><td>State and Agenda<\/td><td>What matters this year, and what is the starting position?<\/td><td>observed baseline stays distinct from planned work<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q2<\/td><td>Evidence and Build<\/td><td>What new evidence and capability have been developed?<\/td><td>a configured capability is not a validated result<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q3<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stress Test<\/a> and Readiness<\/td><td>What do scenarios and tests reveal?<\/td><td>simulated loss or performance is not observed impact<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q4<\/td><td>Annual Synthesis and Renewal<\/td><td>What did the year establish, and what changes next?<\/td><td>release follows review, not event publicity deadlines<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Who contributes what each quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Steward or body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contribution route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GCRI Canada<\/td><td>Lead Institution and Consortium Secretariat; publisher of record; technical truth (key T)<\/td><td>science and practice communities \u00b7 GCRI gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Forum (GRF)<\/td><td>leadership, dialogue and the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> programme; public meaning (key M)<\/td><td>policy, Universe and national adoption \u00b7 GRF gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)<\/td><td>finance, insurance and development readiness; capital meaning (key F)<\/td><td>finance and insurance \u00b7 GRA gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nexus Standards<\/td><td>preparatory drafts on vocabulary, hazards, indicators and methods<\/td><td>Standards site \u00b7 working groups HAZ, IND, MTH, FIN, AI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk Academy<\/td><td>learning pathways tied to the agenda questions<\/td><td>Academy gateway \u00b7 learning by review<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Korea<\/td><td>national pathway: Desk, Leadership Council, Consortium, Working Groups<\/td><td>national Commons room<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards drafts used in this edition<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Risk vocabulary NRS-C1 (424 terms) for terms in the glossary<\/li><li>Hazard atlas NHS-1 1.1.0 (905 hazards in 120 families) for risk objects<\/li><li>Seven risk classes: global, catastrophic, existential, emerging, planetary, exponential, frontier-tech<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards calendar to watch<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Founding calls from 20 October 2026; working groups meet from 5 November 2026<\/li><li>Inaugural Global Standards Council session, 12 January 2027<\/li><li>Quarterly reviews in March, June, September and December, aligned with each edition<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Nothing here certifies. A Nexus attestation records an evaluation under a mandate; it confers no certification, endorsement or approval. National adoption of any standard is a decision of the national standards council.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.4<\/span><span>GCRI reading: the model card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-p\">GCRI&#8217;s reading of this edition is its model card: what the national model is, what it computes and where it stops. It is printed in full in Annex A, with the methods it belongs to. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/methodology\/\">Annex A, methodology<\/a><\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.5<\/span><span>Global Risks Forum reading: editorial essays<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Four signed essays by the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> editorial team set out the positions this edition takes. They are interpretation, labelled as such; the evidence they draw on is in the findings register.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Korea\u2019s 2035 range asks for a much larger cut than current policies project for 2030. The baseline reads this as a question about power, industry and transport systems, not about a single sector.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 01<\/h3><p>A target far above the trend<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Total fertility ran from 0.63 in Seoul to 1.09 in Jeonnam in 2025. Population change reaches services unevenly, and every risk object in this edition is read through that lens.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 02<\/h3><p>Demography differs by region<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Fossil fuels still supplied 60% of electricity and cereals are imported in large volumes. Energy and food security are trade questions as much as domestic ones.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 03<\/h3><p>Security is traded<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">This edition names the series it could not read. A gap printed with its source and blocker is more useful to a reviewer than an estimate that cannot be checked.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 04<\/h3><p>What is not yet bound<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Essays are signed views of the editorial team. Contributed articles from working groups, consortium institutions and invited experts begin with the Q1 2027 edition, each with its own review route and disclosures.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.6<\/span><span>Global Risks Alliance reading: q1 2027 readiness pack<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The registers that open the first operational quarter. At baseline each is initialised from this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Q1 2027 readiness pack<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Register<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First Q1 2027 entry<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>E1<\/td><td>National risk state delta<\/td><td>baseline set by this edition<\/td><td>changes against the baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E2<\/td><td>WEFH+B state delta<\/td><td>five system readings set<\/td><td>indicator updates and freshness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E3<\/td><td>Agenda and Portfolio movement<\/td><td>eight agenda items \u00b7 7 proposed objects<\/td><td>admission decisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E4<\/td><td>NWG delivery register<\/td><td>no groups yet<\/td><td>first monthly outputs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E5<\/td><td>NNC capability register<\/td><td>membership opens in Q1 2027<\/td><td>first contributions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E6<\/td><td>NLC questions and challenges<\/td><td>none yet<\/td><td>first challenge log<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E7<\/td><td>Foundry technical state<\/td><td>environment prepared<\/td><td>first sealed cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E8<\/td><td>Publication candidates<\/td><td>twelve findings carried forward<\/td><td>PUBLISH \u00b7 HOLD dispositions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E9<\/td><td>Universe readiness<\/td><td>one candidate mission<\/td><td>admission and role spine<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E10<\/td><td>Correction register<\/td><td>none<\/td><td>first correction cycle<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication dispositions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Publish<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hold<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Needs evidence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Restricted<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Superseded<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Programme progress is not real-world risk improvement. These registers record the work of the Nexus programme; they report on no public authority.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.7<\/span><span>Nexus Standards reading: standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Instruments that shape the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in this edition, by status on the retrieval date. The edition assesses no one\u2019s compliance.<\/p><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">IN FORCE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ADOPTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SUBMITTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">UNDER REVIEW<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instrument<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Scope<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Relevance<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a> \u00b7 2035 target 53% to 61% below 2018<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNFCCC \u00b7 Korea<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>SUBMITTED 2025<\/td><td>emissions pathway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Government of Korea<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>climate framework<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Emissions Trading Scheme Act<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Government of Korea<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>carbon market<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Basic Plan for electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>MOTIE<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>PUBLISHED<\/td><td>power mix<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Framework Act on Disaster and Safety Management<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n44\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Government of Korea<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>disaster management<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kunming-Montreal Framework<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CBD<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2022<\/td><td>30by30<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Korean Sustainability Disclosure Standards<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>KSSB<\/td><td>listed companies<\/td><td>STATUS NOT BOUND<\/td><td>disclosure<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> 2015\u20132030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNDRR<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2015<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk reduction<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Changed since 2024<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Korea submitted its 2035 target in December 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Climate Action Tracker updated its assessment of Korea on 29 December 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The IMF issued its latest Article IV report in November 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">To watch in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Status of the Korean disclosure standards for listed companies<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Revisions to the electricity supply plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Implementation rules for the carbon market<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Status is read from the issuing body on the retrieval date. A change in status opens a review task for every finding that relies on the instrument.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.8<\/span><span>Risk Academy reading: literature and evidence review, science and assessments<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The review behind this edition covers peer-reviewed science, national and international assessments and the institutional reports that bind its findings. Full systematic reviews begin in Q1 2027 for each agenda item.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Review protocol<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Question<\/dt><dd>What does the published evidence establish about Republic of Korea\u2019s coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity risks?<\/dd><dt>Sources searched<\/dt><dd>peer-reviewed literature; national and international assessments; official releases; industry loss data<\/dd><dt>Window<\/dt><dd>releases available at evidence close, 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Selection<\/dt><dd>sources that bind or contextualise a finding in this edition<\/dd><dt>Next step<\/dt><dd>systematic reviews for agenda items A-01 to A-05 in Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Science and assessments<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Lee and Romero (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>forcing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>McElwee et al. (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>nexus interlinkages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zscheischler et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>compound events<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Grigoli et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>induced seismicity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WMO State of the Climate in Asia<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>regional climate<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Institutional reports<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Government of Korea<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>climate framework<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2035 target submission<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Government of Korea<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>target<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Long-term low emission strategy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Government of Korea<\/td><td>2020<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>pathway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Basic Plan for electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>MOTIE<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>energy pathway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>OECD Economic Survey<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>OECD<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>fiscal<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Official statistics and national sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Birth statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>KOSTAT<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>births, fertility<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population and GDP<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Ember<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>power mix<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Crop monitoring<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>FAO<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>cereal imports<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population projections<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>KOSTAT \u00b7 UN DESA<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>ageing<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Industry, loss data and international sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Financial Stability Report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Bank of Korea<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>finance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NatCatSERVICE<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Munich Re<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>global losses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Emissions Gap Report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNEP<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>ambition gap<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global Assessment Report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNDRR<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>disaster finance<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where the evidence agrees<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Heavy rain and heat extremes are intensifying across East Asia<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Induced seismicity is a real hazard near deep injection and geothermal sites<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Low fertility changes service demand and vulnerability<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where it is unsettled<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>How fast fossil generation can fall against the 2035 range<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How the 2030 target converts between domestic and international parts<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How heat mortality and illness are recorded and counted<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEWS AND PREPRINTS<\/p><p>No news report or preprint binds a finding in this edition. News is used only to date events; preprints used from Q1 2027 will be flagged as not peer-reviewed.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea: 2035 NDC.\u201d Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, December 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/climateactiontracker.org\/countries\/south-korea\/2035-ndc\/<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>UNFCCC (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>. United Nations, Paris, 2015. Observation year 2015.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Government of the Republic of Korea (ed.), Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth for Coping with Climate Crisis. Seoul, 2021. Observation year 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Government of the Republic of Korea (ed.), Act on the Allocation and Trading of Greenhouse-Gas Emission Permits. Seoul. Observation year 2015 (enactment).<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (ed.), Basic Plan for Long-term Electricity Supply and Demand. MOTIE, Sejong. Observation year 2025 (latest plan). Not opened at evidence close.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>Government of the Republic of Korea (ed.), Framework Act on the Management of Disasters and Safety. Seoul. Observation year none bound (current consolidated text not read).<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 44\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022. Observation year 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Korea Sustainability Standards Board (ed.), Korean Sustainability Disclosure Standards. KSSB, Seoul. Status not bound at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015. Observation year 2015.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Government of the Republic of Korea (ed.), Republic of Korea\u2019s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution. Submission to the UNFCCC, December 2025. Observation year 2025. Submission text not read; cited through [7].<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea\u201d country assessment. Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, updated 29 December 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/climateactiontracker.org\/countries\/south-korea\/<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>International Monetary Fund (ed.), Republic of Korea country page: 2025 Article IV report and July 2026 World Economic Outlook Update projections. IMF, Washington DC. Observation year 2025 and 2026 projection. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/KOR<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2023. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054. Observation year 2024. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.13850054\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. Observation year 2018.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>F. Grigoli, S. Cesca, E. Priolo et al., \u201cThe November 2017 Mw 5.5 Pohang <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a>: a possible case of induced seismicity in South Korea,\u201d Science, vol. 360, pp. 1003\u20131006, 2018. Observation year 2017.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2024. WMO, Geneva, 2025. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Government of the Republic of Korea (ed.), 2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy of the Republic of Korea: Towards a Sustainable and Green Society (long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategy). Seoul, 2020. Observation year 2020.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>OECD (ed.), OECD Economic Surveys: Korea 2024. OECD Publishing, Paris, 2024. Observation year 2024. Not opened at evidence close.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) (ed.), \u201cBirth Statistics in 2025.\u201d KOSTAT, Daejeon, 26 August 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/mods.go.kr\/board.es?mid=a20108010000&amp;bid=11773&amp;act=view&amp;list_no=447264<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Korea, Rep. (population and GDP). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/korea-rep<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cThe World Bank in Korea: overview\u201d (GNI per capita). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/korea\/overview<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea\u201d country page, electricity shares. Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/ember-energy.org\/countries-and-regions\/south-korea\/<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Republic of Korea, reference date 2 September 2026. FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.fao.org\/giews\/countrybrief\/country.jsp?code=KOR<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) (ed.), Population Projections. KOSTAT, Daejeon. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (ed.), World Population Prospects 2024. United Nations, New York, 2024. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Bank of Korea (ed.), Financial Stability Report. Bank of Korea, Seoul. Observation year 2026 (latest report). Not opened at evidence close.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>Munich Re (ed.), Natural disasters in 2025: NatCatSERVICE full-year figures. Munich Re, Munich, January 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>United Nations Environment Programme (ed.), Emissions Gap Report 2025. UNEP, Nairobi, 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNDRR (ed.), Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2025. UNDRR, Geneva, 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>World Health Organization (ed.), World Health Statistics 2025. WHO, Geneva, 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c6-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (ed.), Heat-related illness surveillance report. KDCA, Cheongju. Source for a designed gap; the page returned an error at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-part-agenda\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/\">Republic of Korea 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 7<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">The 2027 agenda<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Eight bounded questions open the 2027 National Agenda. Each comes from a baseline finding, names the initiative that will carry it and the first output due at the Q1 2027 cut.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>6 tables<\/span><span>3 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.1<\/span><span>Questions for the operational series<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How would a heat and heavy-rain sequence over the capital region load power, water, transport and care together?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-KOR-CLI-01 \u00b7 capital region lifelines; first output: dependency graph for the capital region.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How deep are fuel and gas stocks against a prolonged shipping disruption?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-KOR-ENE-02 \u00b7 import resilience; first output: stock-and-route register.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How exposed are food and feed supply to concurrent import and domestic shocks?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-KOR-FOO-03 \u00b7 food import exposure; first output: commodity dependence table.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How does a low and uneven fertility rate change service demand across regions?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-KOR-HLT-04 \u00b7 demographic change; first output: regional demand baseline.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Where do flood, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">typhoon<\/a> and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> losses fall on the uninsured and on public budgets?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-KOR-FIN-05 \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a>; first output: peril-by-region loss table.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How do river basins and dams perform under more <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h4\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.precipitation.heavy-rain\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Precipitation extremes\" data-td=\"Rain falling fast or long enough to overwhelm drainage, soils and streams and to trigger floods and slope failures.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H4\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">intense rainfall<\/a> and drought?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-KOR-WAT-01 \u00b7 workstream; first output: basin performance note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How resilient are semiconductor and data-centre supply chains to power and water shocks?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in Q1 2027; first output: scoping note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which capabilities have been tested in real disasters, and which are only planned?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">National capability register; first output: rung evidence for 15 functions.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.2<\/span><span>Portfolio proposed for the Q1 2027 alignment<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Five initiatives and one Universe mission candidate are proposed for admission at the Q1 2027 alignment. They are programme objects, no partner, funder or member is attached to them in this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Objects proposed for the first operational quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Object<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-KOR-CLI-01<\/span><\/td><td>Capital region lifelines under heat and rain<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-KOR-ENE-02<\/span><\/td><td>Fuel and gas import resilience<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-02<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-KOR-FOO-03<\/span><\/td><td>Food and feed import exposure<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-03<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-KOR-HLT-04<\/span><\/td><td>Demographic change and service demand<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-04<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-KOR-FIN-05<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-05<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PRJ-KOR-CLI-01a<\/span><\/td><td>Capital region lifeline dependency graph<\/td><td>Project<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MSN-KOR-2027-01<\/span><\/td><td>Heat and rain compound Universe mission<\/td><td>Mission<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.3<\/span><span>The pathway<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Korea is the national pathway through which the Nexus operating system will run in Republic of Korea from 2027. At baseline the pathway is designed and its records are prepared; its councils and working groups are constituted from Q1 2027. This page states what exists today and what comes next, nothing more.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">One National Agenda<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">bounded national questions for the year<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">DRAFT 2027 \u00b7 agenda review at the Q1 alignment<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Desk<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">coordination, records, routing and continuity<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">DESIGNED \u00b7 constituted in Q1 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Model<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">the country as a system of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">v0 SPECIFIED \u00b7 v1 with the first Foundry cut<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Portfolio<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">risks, capabilities, initiatives, projects, missions<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">7 PROPOSED \u00b7 admission at the Q1 alignment<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Foundry<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">continuous computational environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">PREPARED \u00b7 first sealed cut NQ-KOR-2027-Q1<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Reports<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">quarterly and annual publication<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE ISSUED \u00b7 Q1 2027 \u00b7 State &amp; Agenda<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Universe<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">annual proving environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANDIDATE MISSION \u00b7 mandate set in 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Evidence and correction<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">after-action, correction and renewal<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">OPEN \u00b7 first correction cycle in Q2 2027<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.4<\/span><span>Universe 2027, evidence pack for the candidate mission<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Mandate<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Core Build \u00b7 1 month<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Action \u00b7 1 week<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Evidence seal<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Portfolio correction<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Next mandate<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Universe 2027, evidence pack for the candidate mission<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Record<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Timing<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>F1<\/td><td>Annual mandate record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>after the Q2 2027 alignment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F2<\/td><td>Core Build record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>one month before the exercise<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F3<\/td><td>Exercise evidence<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>during the Action week<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F4<\/td><td>Decision packets<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>exercise state only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F5<\/td><td>Proof receipts<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>scoped to each recorded check<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F6<\/td><td>After-action report<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>within one quarter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F7<\/td><td>Upgrade docket<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>routed to the Portfolio<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F8<\/td><td>Portfolio renewal<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>Q4 2027 annual edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F9<\/td><td>Public synthesis<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>public-safe extracts only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Mission<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>ID<\/dt><dd>MSN-KOR-2027-01 \u00b7 Heat and rain compound Universe mission<\/dd><dt>Role spine<\/dt><dd>Leadership sponsor (NLC) \u00b7 Institutional anchor (NNC) \u00b7 Mission lead (NWG)<\/dd><dt>Receiving actors<\/dt><dd>to be identified with the mandate<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Simulation success is not deployment approval; demonstration is not certification; finance readiness is not financing secured.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.5<\/span><span>Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Where the baseline\u2019s findings go next. A handoff routes a finding for awareness, review or work; it transfers no authority.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Finding<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Routed to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Purpose<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CLI-001 \u00b7 2035 target<\/td><td>public record<\/td><td>reference for the 2027 series<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ENE-003 \u00b7 power mix<\/td><td>INI-KOR-ENE-02<\/td><td>import resilience<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FOO-004 \u00b7 cereals<\/td><td>INI-KOR-FOO-03<\/td><td>import exposure<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HLT-005 \u00b7 births<\/td><td>INI-KOR-HLT-04<\/td><td>demographic change<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HLT-006 \u00b7 regional fertility<\/td><td>INI-KOR-HLT-04<\/td><td>regional demand baseline<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FIN-007 \u00b7 economy<\/td><td>INI-KOR-FIN-05 \u00b7 key F review<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SEI-008 \u00b7 induced seismicity<\/td><td>INI-KOR-CLI-01<\/td><td>lifeline dependency graph<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SYS-012 \u00b7 compound pathway<\/td><td>MSN-KOR-2027-01<\/td><td>Universe candidate<\/td><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Routing rules by publication class<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Where it goes<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Who can see it<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>PUBLIC<\/td><td>the published edition and its evidence bundle<\/td><td>anyone<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><td>governed rooms of the national pathway<\/td><td>consortium members under agreement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONTROLLED<\/td><td>need-to-know channels<\/td><td>named competent actors only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Handoffs carry findings to Nexus programme objects and steward reviews. Competent authorities receive public editions as published; nothing here instructs them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.6<\/span><span>Feeds and signal register<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Feeds watched from Q1 2027<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Feed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Producer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Latency<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Feeds into<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Weather warnings and climate data<\/td><td>Korea Meteorological Administration<\/td><td>real time<\/td><td>CLI findings<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat-illness surveillance<\/td><td>KDCA<\/td><td>summer season<\/td><td>HLT-007<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Wildfire<\/a> information<\/td><td>Korea Forest Service<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>CLI findings<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Power supply and demand<\/td><td>Korea Power Exchange<\/td><td>real time<\/td><td>ENE findings<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dam and water information<\/td><td>K-water<\/td><td>per publisher schedule<\/td><td>WAT-009<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vital statistics<\/td><td>KOSTAT<\/td><td>monthly<\/td><td>HLT-005<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Crop monitoring<\/td><td>FAO GIEWS<\/td><td>per brief<\/td><td>FOO-004<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Escalation routes<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">none \u00b7 keep monitoring<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">research question<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">project<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">risk object<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">quarterly publication<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">signal report<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Signals at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Signal<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Corroboration<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>SIG-KOR-001<\/td><td>Births rose 6.7% in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c7-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>HLT<\/td><td>initiative A-04<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-KOR-002<\/td><td>2035 target range submitted<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c7-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 ENE<\/td><td>risk object RSK-KOR-ENE-004<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-KOR-003<\/td><td>Induced seismicity analysed after Pohang<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c7-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>SEI \u00b7 INF<\/td><td>risk object RSK-KOR-SEI-001<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A signal is not a warning. Signal records never substitute for official alerting or early-warning authorities, and they bypass no publication control.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) (ed.), \u201cBirth Statistics in 2025.\u201d KOSTAT, Daejeon, 26 August 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/mods.go.kr\/board.es?mid=a20108010000&amp;bid=11773&amp;act=view&amp;list_no=447264<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c7-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea: 2035 NDC.\u201d Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, December 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/climateactiontracker.org\/countries\/south-korea\/2035-ndc\/<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c7-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c7-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>F. Grigoli, S. Cesca, E. Priolo et al., \u201cThe November 2017 Mw 5.5 Pohang <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a>: a possible case of induced seismicity in South Korea,\u201d Science, vol. 360, pp. 1003\u20131006, 2018. Observation year 2017.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c7-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-part-systems-in-depth\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/\">Republic of Korea 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 8<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems in depth<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">One section per system: its state at evidence close, its exposures and what the operational series will watch.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>5 tables<\/span><span>14 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.1<\/span><span>Water, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Water supply, water loss and drought indicators are not bound in this edition. The chapter names the source and the blocker and does not estimate.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">Not bound<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\"><\/span><p>supply and loss indicators<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">Not bound<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\"><\/span><p>drought indicators<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">Not bound<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\"><\/span><p>dam and basin data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Supply<\/td><td>not bound; source: waterworks statistics and AQUASTAT<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Floods<\/td><td>not bound; source: disaster records<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Drought<\/td><td>not bound; source: water authority data<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pipe condition<\/td><td>not bound; source: utility asset records<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>WAT \u2192 HLT drinking water and sanitation<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 WAT heavy rain and drought<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 ENE hydro and cooling<\/li><li>INF \u2192 WAT pumping and power<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>supply and loss indicators<\/li><li>drought and basin stress<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Publication of waterworks statistics, dam levels and drainage records.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Water services rest with national and local authorities; this chapter assesses none of them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.2<\/span><span>Energy, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Fossil fuels supplied 60% of electricity in 2025 and low-carbon sources 40%, with solar and wind at 7%.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">60<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>fossil share of electricity, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">40<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>low-carbon share, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">30<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>renewable electricity goal for 2035<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Power mix<\/td><td>fossil 60%, low-carbon 40%<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Solar and wind<\/td><td>7% of generation<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Plan<\/td><td>long-term electricity plan published<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fuel stocks<\/td><td>not bound; source: energy statistics<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>TRD \u2192 ENE fuel imports<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 FOO fuel and fertiliser<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 ENE peak demand<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 WAT pumping and cooling<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>fuel stock depth under disruption<\/li><li>split of generation by fuel<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>The 2026 electricity mix, gas and coal import prices and summer supply margins.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Energy decisions rest with the government, regulators and operators; this chapter assesses none of them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.3<\/span><span>Food and agrifood, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Korea expects to import 16.7 million tonnes of cereals in 2026\/27, so food and feed security is a trade question.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">16.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million t<\/span><p>cereal imports, 2026\/27<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">11.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million t<\/span><p>maize imports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million t<\/span><p>wheat imports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Cereal imports<\/td><td>16.7 million tonnes expected<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maize<\/td><td>11.6 million tonnes, feed industry demand<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rice<\/td><td>0.5 million tonnes imported in 2026<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Self-sufficiency<\/td><td>not bound; source: national food balance<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>TRD \u2192 FOO import dependence<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 FOO fuel and fertiliser<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 FOO heat and rain<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>self-sufficiency ratios<\/li><li>import concentration by origin<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Grain and feed import prices, the 2026 rice crop and shipping costs.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes the food system; it makes no statement on agricultural or trade policy.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.4<\/span><span>Health and One Health, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Births rose 6.7% in 2025 to about 254,300, but total fertility differs widely by region, from 0.63 in Seoul to 1.09 in Jeonnam.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">254,300<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">births<\/span><p>2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">33.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">years<\/span><p>mean age of mothers, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">0.63 to 1.09<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">births per woman<\/span><p>regional range, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Births<\/td><td>about 254,300, up 6.7%<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fertility<\/td><td>Seoul 0.63; Jeonnam 1.09<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ageing share<\/td><td>not bound; source: population projections<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat illness<\/td><td>not bound; source: surveillance records<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 HLT heat<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 HLT cooling and power<\/li><li>INF \u2192 HLT access to care<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>ageing share<\/li><li>heat-illness counts<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Monthly vital statistics, summer heat-illness counts and care-facility continuity plans.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Health and care planning rest with national and local authorities. No personal health data are used or shown in Reports.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.5<\/span><span>Biodiversity and ecosystems, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Protected-area coverage and ecosystem condition are not bound in this edition. The chapter names the source and the blocker and does not estimate.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">Not bound<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\"><\/span><p>protected land<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">Not bound<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\"><\/span><p>protected sea<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">30<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>global target by 2030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Protection<\/td><td>not bound; source: national reporting to the CBD<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Strategy<\/td><td>not bound; source: national strategy<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pressures<\/td><td>not bound; source: national assessments<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Condition<\/td><td>not bound outside protected areas<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>BIO \u2192 WAT forest and watershed regulation<\/li><li>BIO \u2192 FOO fisheries and pollination<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 BIO warming seas and fire<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>protected-area coverage<\/li><li>condition outside protected areas<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Reporting under the Kunming-Montreal framework and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> effects on forest condition.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Biodiversity is not reduced to a single number. Where valuation is used later, it will never be presented as the whole value.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Ministry of Environment (ed.), Waterworks statistics. MoE, Sejong. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), AQUASTAT: Republic of Korea. FAO, Rome. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Korea Forest Service (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Wildfire<\/a> statistics and damage records. Korea Forest Service, Daejeon. Source for a designed gap; the page returned an error at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea\u201d country page, electricity shares. Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/ember-energy.org\/countries-and-regions\/south-korea\/<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea\u201d country assessment. Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, updated 29 December 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/climateactiontracker.org\/countries\/south-korea\/<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (ed.), Basic Plan for Long-term Electricity Supply and Demand. MOTIE, Sejong. Observation year 2025 (latest plan). Not opened at evidence close.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Korea Energy Economics Institute (ed.), Yearbook of Energy Statistics. KEEI, Ulsan. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Republic of Korea, reference date 2 September 2026. FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.fao.org\/giews\/countrybrief\/country.jsp?code=KOR<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (ed.), Food Balance Sheet and self-sufficiency statistics. MAFRA, Sejong. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) (ed.), \u201cBirth Statistics in 2025.\u201d KOSTAT, Daejeon, 26 August 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/mods.go.kr\/board.es?mid=a20108010000&amp;bid=11773&amp;act=view&amp;list_no=447264<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) (ed.), Population Projections. KOSTAT, Daejeon. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (ed.), Heat-related illness surveillance report. KDCA, Cheongju. Source for a designed gap; the page returned an error at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan profile: Republic of Korea. CBD Secretariat, Montreal. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-c8-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022. Observation year 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-c8-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-part-methodology\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/\">Republic of Korea 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex A<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Methodology<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">How the edition was made: methods, the model card, the evidence cut and its age, the acceptance record and the glossary.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>9 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>12 tables<\/span><span>7 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.1<\/span><span>Methods<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The baseline uses published values and four simple derivations. Each is shown in full so that any reader can reproduce it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Methods<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">No.<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Derivation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Calculation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Result<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>(1)<\/td><td>Width of the 2035 target range<\/td><td>61 \u2212 53<\/td><td>8 points<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(2)<\/td><td>Gap from the 2030 projection to the domestic 2030 target<\/td><td>32 \u2212 19 and 32 \u2212 11<\/td><td>13 to 21 points<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(3)<\/td><td>Low-carbon electricity other than solar and wind<\/td><td>40 \u2212 7<\/td><td>33 points<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(4)<\/td><td>Fossil plus low-carbon shares as a check<\/td><td>60 + 40<\/td><td>100%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling strength scale (matrix and model card)<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Strength<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>STRONG<\/td><td>a disruption in the source system has historically changed the target system\u2019s service or output within one season<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MODERATE<\/td><td>an effect is documented but buffered or slower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEAK<\/td><td>an effect is plausible but not documented at national scale<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Status grammar<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rule<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>value as issued by its source, with year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>reasoned from cited evidence; never a measurement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus analytical value with stated method<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>conditional on stated assumptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>structured editorial judgement awaiting evidence<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.2<\/span><span>Model card, National Model v0<\/span><\/h2><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model ID<\/dt><dd>MDL-KOR-NATIONAL \u00b7 v0.1<\/dd><dt>Purpose<\/dt><dd>represent Republic of Korea as coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> with forcing and transmission layers<\/dd><dt>Family<\/dt><dd>graph-based system of systems<\/dd><dt>Inputs<\/dt><dd>the cited sources of this edition; no proprietary data<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>expert-specified coupling strengths (STRONG \u00b7 MODERATE \u00b7 WEAK) from evidence and analogue events<\/dd><dt>Validation<\/dt><dd>none yet, first validation against Q1 2027 Foundry evidence<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>qualitative; strengths are hypotheses, not measurements<\/dd><dt>Domain of validity<\/dt><dd>national scale; not for province or asset-level use<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>strength table and sources published in this edition<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">couplings<\/span><p>typed in v0<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strong<\/span><p>documented within one season<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">moderate<\/span><p>documented, buffered<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">weak<\/span><p>plausible, undocumented<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>framing the 2027 agenda; choosing which couplings to measure first; explaining the coupled reading of risk in Republic of Korea.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOT SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>quantitative loss estimates, operational decisions, provincial comparisons or any claim about a specific asset.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">VERSIONING<\/p><p>Models are immutable by version. A change to any coupling, rule or weight produces v0.2 with its own card and correction note.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.3<\/span><span>The baseline evidence cut<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Every Nexus edition is published from a frozen evidence cut. The baseline cut is documentary: it pins the exact edition of every source cited. Model runs begin with the first Foundry cut in Q1 2027.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Cut ID<\/dt><dd>NQ-KOR-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Type<\/dt><dd>baseline documentary cut<\/dd><dt>Resolution policy<\/dt><dd>pinned \u00b7 as of 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Sources pinned<\/dt><dd>45 cited sources, each at the edition and retrieval date in the references<\/dd><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>none at baseline, analytical values are stated with their method<\/dd><dt>Digest<\/dt><dd>computed at <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.hard-freeze\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"Air temperature falling well below freezing for hours, killing crops, bursting pipes and stopping water flow.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">freeze<\/a> and recorded in the publication record<\/dd><dt>Supersedes<\/dt><dd>nothing, first cut of the series<\/dd><dt>Superseded by<\/dt><dd>NQ-KOR-2027-Q1-1 at the Q1 2027 close<\/dd><\/dl><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Lineage<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">source edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">pinned citation<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">finding<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">page<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">publication record<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">From the baseline cut to the first Foundry cut<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Element<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Q1 2027<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Sources<\/td><td>cited publications, pinned by edition<\/td><td>qualified source bindings with versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Analysis<\/td><td>stated methods and editorial estimates<\/td><td>typed analysis specifications<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Models<\/td><td>National Model v0 specification<\/td><td>model runs with receipts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Findings<\/td><td>twelve baseline findings<\/td><td>findings re-bound to the cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Review<\/td><td>five passes scheduled<\/td><td>five passes on the exact digest<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.4<\/span><span>Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A 2026 edition rests on evidence observed in many different years. This page shows each time base, so that no single year label hides older evidence.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Observed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Released<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next release<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Births<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>26 Aug 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>Aug 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population and GDP<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>read 3 Nov 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity shares<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>date not stated<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2035 target assessment<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>29 Dec 2025<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cereal imports<\/td><td>2026\/27<\/td><td>2 Sep 2026<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IMF growth projection<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>Jul 2026<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GHG inventory<\/td><td>1990\u20132022 listed<\/td><td>not stated<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat illness<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><td>none<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protected areas<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><td>none<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coverage by system at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Thinnest dimension<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Seismic hazard<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>lifeline fragility by province<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate forcing<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>recent extremes and losses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>generation by fuel; stock depth<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>self-sufficiency; import concentration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>ageing share; heat illness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>supply, loss and drought<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>protected areas; condition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Digital<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>dependency mapping<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.5<\/span><span>Evidence cards, two anchor sources<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) on 26 August 2026. Annual. Role: binds HLT-005 and HLT-006. The attached full report was not read, so the national total fertility rate is not bound.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-KOR-001<\/h3><p>Birth statistics 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-ca-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the FAO Global Information and Early Warning System, reference date 2 September 2026. Periodic. Role: binds FOO-004. The brief reports no import dependency ratio.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-KOR-002<\/h3><p>FAO country brief<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-ca-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Quality dimensions at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Dimension<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-KOR-001<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-KOR-002<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Completeness<\/td><td>regional and national tables<\/td><td>cereal imports by crop<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Timeliness<\/td><td>about eight months after the year<\/td><td>issued within the marketing year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Revision<\/td><td>not stated on the page<\/td><td>revised per brief<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Method transparency<\/td><td>published tables<\/td><td>brief text<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>External validation<\/td><td>national statistical standards<\/td><td>expert monitoring<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence cards to follow in Q1 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>KOSTAT population projections<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-ca-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup>: ageing share and provincial structure<\/li><li>GIR national inventory<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-ca-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>: totals after 2022<\/li><li>KDCA heat-illness surveillance<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-ca-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>: counting rules<\/li><li>MoE waterworks statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-ca-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>: loss and supply definitions<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.6<\/span><span>Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Editorial self-check at evidence close. Every applicable item carries a disposition; the remaining items are review, approval and deposit.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Group<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Area<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Items<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pass<\/th><th scope=\"col\">N\/A<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pending<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D1<\/td><td>Identity and scope<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>Source and data<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D3<\/td><td>Analysis and models<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D4<\/td><td>Findings and claims<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D5<\/td><td>Figures, tables, maps<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D6<\/td><td>Editorial and citations<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D7<\/td><td>Review and approval<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>13<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D8<\/td><td>Artefact and design<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D9<\/td><td>Registry and release<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication gate<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Conditions met<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close<\/dd><dt>Blocking problems<\/dt><dd>none recorded<\/dd><dt>Open conditions<\/dt><dd>reviews, approval of the exact digest, deposit, registry pointer<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Not applicable at baseline<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>first runs in Q1 2027<\/dd><dt>Maps<\/dt><dd>plates in Q2 2027<\/dd><dt>Waivers<\/dt><dd>none<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Dispositions are recorded item by item in the machine-readable checklist. A FAIL on any item blocks release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.7<\/span><span>Status words<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-tab9\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The status every value carries<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it means<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"positive\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Observed<\/span><\/td><td>Measured directly and published by the source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>Published statistics of an official or institutional source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Declared<\/span><\/td><td>Stated by the body concerned; not independently measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>A Nexus estimate from cited evidence, with its method in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Modelled<\/span><\/td><td>Produced by a stated model from cited inputs.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>Reasoned from cited evidence; not measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Forecast<\/span><\/td><td>A projection by the cited source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Simulated<\/span><\/td><td>A simulation result under stated assumptions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>A conditional statement under stated assumptions; never a prediction.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>Expert judgement, recorded with its basis.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><td>Proposed for a later edition; not yet evidence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Evidence-quality levels (EQL 1 to 5) grade the source behind a value; they are not a score of the subject.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.8<\/span><span>How the edition is made, released and corrected<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">Every edition is built from a sealed evidence cut, reviewed under three keys, signed and deposited before any site shows it as published; corrections go to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> as change proposals and feed the next cut.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Evidence arrives from the pillars<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Foundry seals observations and indicator series, Universe hands over after-action and scenario findings, and contributions are screened at every gateway, including this site&#8217;s.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 The cut is sealed<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">On the cut date the evidence is pinned under one identifier, so anyone can rebuild the edition from exactly what it was built on.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 The edition is assembled<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The edition is drafted from its template and content pack. Agents may draft; they never publish and never decide.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 The keys turn<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">At the publisher of record the truth key comes first: every value is checked against its source or stated method before the meaning and capital keys turn. No edition moves on until every key has been turned by a named steward.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 The gate opens<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A named approver releases one exact digest of the edition; any change after this point is a new version, never a silent edit.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Signed and deposited<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The PDF, the web edition and the data bundle are signed together with a manifest and an RO-Crate description, and deposited on Zenodo with a concept and a version DOI.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">07 Published on its desk&#8217;s site<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Only then does the edition show as published on its desk&#8217;s Reports site, and the Collection lists it as a part.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">08 Corrections go to Standards<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Method and correction findings go to Nexus Standards as change proposals; citations, corrections and new contributions feed the next evidence cut.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of the process, not a forecast and not a record of any run; dates and counts on this page come from the programme record. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/governance\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Reports governance at GCRI Canada<\/a> (2026); Zenodo, repository of record for Reports deposits (2026).<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">Lifecycle, one state at a time: Draft, Computed, Evidence bound, Reviewed, Approved for release, Published, Corrected, Superseded. This edition is a draft.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.9<\/span><span>Glossary and abbreviations<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-tab10\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Series terms<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Baseline Edition<\/td><td>the inaugural annual edition that fixes the reference state for the series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEFH+B<\/td><td>water, energy, food, health and biodiversity, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/governance-in-operation\/national-nexus\" data-tc=\"National Nexus\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The national model: the NNC, the NLC and the NWG as its three participation pillars, with the National Desk, Model and Portfolio and the NSC as the standards function of the NNC (OR-13)\">national nexus<\/a> core<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coupling<\/td><td>a typed dependency through which one system transmits to another<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">Protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>the share of losses not covered by insurance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability ladder<\/td><td>LISTED \u2192 EXISTS \u2192 ADEQUATE \u2192 TESTED \u2192 DEMONSTRATED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EQL<\/td><td>evidence-quality level, 1\u20135<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence cut<\/td><td>a frozen resolution of exact sources and versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NNC \u00b7 NLC \u00b7 NWG<\/td><td>National Nexus Consortium \u00b7 National Leadership Council \u00b7 National Working Groups<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-tab11\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Abbreviations used in this edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Abbreviation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Expansion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CAT<\/td><td>Climate Action Tracker<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CBD<\/td><td>Convention on Biological Diversity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FAO<\/td><td>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GIEWS<\/td><td>Global Information and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning-system\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An integrated system of risk knowledge, monitoring and forecasting, warning dissemination and preparedness that enables timely action ahead of hazards.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early Warning System<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GIR<\/td><td>Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center of Korea<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IMF<\/td><td>International Monetary Fund<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>KDCA<\/td><td>Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>KMA<\/td><td>Korea Meteorological Administration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>KOSTAT<\/td><td>Statistics Korea<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>KSSB<\/td><td>Korea Sustainability Standards Board<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LULUCF<\/td><td>land use, land-use change and forestry<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MoE<\/td><td>Ministry of Environment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MOTIE<\/td><td>Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NDC<\/td><td>nationally determined contribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>OECD<\/td><td>Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UNDRR<\/td><td>United Nations Office for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WDI<\/td><td>World Development Indicators<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.10<\/span><span>Technical annex<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-tab12\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.12<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Technical annex<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Annex<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contents<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A.1<\/td><td>Indicator definitions<\/td><td>the baseline indicator set, with units and sources<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.2<\/td><td>Coupling strengths<\/td><td>the twenty-cell matrix and its rationale<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.3<\/td><td>Scenario specification<\/td><td>SCN-KOR-HRT-01 assumptions and signposts<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.4<\/td><td>Capability placements<\/td><td>rung evidence for fifteen functions<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.5<\/td><td>Model diagnostics<\/td><td>first runs and validation<\/td><td>Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.6<\/td><td>Sensitivity analyses<\/td><td>influence of coupling strengths<\/td><td>Q2 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.7<\/td><td>Provincial notes<\/td><td>atlas cards for every province<\/td><td>Q2 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.8<\/td><td>Review statements<\/td><td>pass-by-pass review record<\/td><td>AT RELEASE<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">A.1 \u00b7 indicator definition, low-carbon share of electricity<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Construct<\/dt><dd>share of annual electricity generation from low-carbon sources<\/dd><dt>Unit<\/dt><dd>percent of generation<\/dd><dt>Scope<\/dt><dd>calendar year, national<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>Ember country data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-ca-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Revision<\/dt><dd>not stated on the page<\/dd><dt>Known limits<\/dt><dd>split between nuclear, hydro and other sources not read<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Annexes carry the same evidence, review and correction rules as the chapters and are versioned with the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) (ed.), \u201cBirth Statistics in 2025.\u201d KOSTAT, Daejeon, 26 August 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/mods.go.kr\/board.es?mid=a20108010000&amp;bid=11773&amp;act=view&amp;list_no=447264<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Republic of Korea, reference date 2 September 2026. FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.fao.org\/giews\/countrybrief\/country.jsp?code=KOR<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-ca-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) (ed.), Population Projections. KOSTAT, Daejeon. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-ca-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center of Korea (ed.), National GHG Inventory (1990\u20132022 listed). GIR, Sejong. Observation year 2022 (page lists; figures not read). Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.gir.go.kr\/eng\/index.do<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-ca-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (ed.), Heat-related illness surveillance report. KDCA, Cheongju. Source for a designed gap; the page returned an error at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-ca-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Ministry of Environment (ed.), Waterworks statistics. MoE, Sejong. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-ca-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ca-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea\u201d country page, electricity shares. Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/ember-energy.org\/countries-and-regions\/south-korea\/<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-ca-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-part-data\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/\">Republic of Korea 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex B<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Data appendix<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>7 tables<\/span><span>14 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.1<\/span><span>The indicator set<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Baseline indicator set<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">51.68<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GDP, current prices<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u22481.87<\/span><\/td><td>US$ trillion<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GNI per capita<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">36,624<\/span><\/td><td>US$<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Live births<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u2248254,300<\/span><\/td><td>births<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Change in births<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">+6.7<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mean age of mothers<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">33.8<\/span><\/td><td>years<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Total fertility, Seoul<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">0.63<\/span><\/td><td>births per woman<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Total fertility, Jeonnam<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1.09<\/span><\/td><td>births per woman<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fossil share of electricity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">60<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Low-carbon share of electricity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">40<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Solar and wind share<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">7<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2035 target, including land use<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">53 to 61<\/span><\/td><td>% below 2018<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2035 level, including land use<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">304 to 364<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2030 projection, excluding land use<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">11 to 19<\/span><\/td><td>% below 2018<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cereal imports<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">16.7<\/span><\/td><td>million t<\/td><td>2026\/27<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Projected growth<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">2.6<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Low-carbon other than solar and wind<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">33<\/span><\/td><td>points<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-actions nrp-noprint\"><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" 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download=\"NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-indicators.csv\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, CSV<\/a><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:application\/json;charset=utf-8,%7B%0A%20%22edition%22%3A%20%22NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE%22%2C%0A%20%22title%22%3A%20%22Republic%20of%20Korea%20Systems%20Risk%20and%20Resilience%20Report%202026%3A%20The%20State%20of%20Korea%E2%80%99s%20Interdependent%20Systems%22%2C%0A%20%22status%22%3A%20%22Draft%20under%20stewardship%20review%3B%20not%20yet%20released%22%2C%0A%20%22licence%22%3A%20%22CC-BY-4.0%20for%20the%20edition%20table%3B%20each%20value%20keeps%20its%20source's%20licence%22%2C%0A%20%22columns%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%22Indicator%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Value%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Unit%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Year%22%2C%0A%20%20%22State%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Source%22%0A%20%5D%2C%0A%20%22rows%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2251.68%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22GDP%2C%20current%20prices%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%881.87%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22US%24%20trillion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22GNI%20per%20capita%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2236%2C624%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22US%24%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B3%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Live%20births%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%88254%2C300%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22births%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Change%20in%20births%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%2B6.7%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Mean%20age%20of%20mothers%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2233.8%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22years%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Total%20fertility%2C%20Seoul%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%220.63%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22births%20per%20woman%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Total%20fertility%2C%20Jeonnam%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221.09%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22births%20per%20woman%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Fossil%20share%20of%20electricity%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2260%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B5%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Low-carbon%20share%20of%20electricity%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2240%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B5%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Solar%20and%20wind%20share%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%227%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B5%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%222035%20target%2C%20including%20land%20use%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2253%20to%2061%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%20below%202018%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B7%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%222035%20level%2C%20including%20land%20use%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22304%20to%20364%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B7%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%222030%20projection%2C%20excluding%20land%20use%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2211%20to%2019%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%20below%202018%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B6%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Cereal%20imports%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2216.7%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%20t%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222026%2F27%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B8%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Projected%20growth%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222.6%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222026%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B4%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Low-carbon%20other%20than%20solar%20and%20wind%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2233%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22points%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22ESTIMATED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B5%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%0A%20%5D%0A%7D\" download=\"NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-indicators.json\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, JSON<\/a><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOTES<\/p><p>Values marked ESTIMATED are arithmetic on reported values, with the method in the technical layer. Series that are not bound are named as gaps in the findings and chapters that use them. A machine-readable copy of this table is published with the evidence bundle at release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.2<\/span><span>National source register<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Domains bound by the register<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">WAT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ENE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FOO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">HLT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">BIO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">CLI<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">INF<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FIN<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">TRD<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">MIN<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">National source register<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Category<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Period<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Birth statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national statistics<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>HLT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>World Bank country data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international organisation<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2024\u20132025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IMF country record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international organisation<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2025\u20132026<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>FIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ember country data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>research organisation<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>ENE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate Action Tracker<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>research consortium<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FAO country brief<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UN agency<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>FOO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GHG inventory page<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>government centre<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>1990\u20132022 listed<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Wildfire<\/a> statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>government agency<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat-illness surveillance<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>government agency<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>HLT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Waterworks statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ministry statistics<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>WAT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population projections<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national statistics<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FIXTURE PROHIBITION<\/p><p>No demonstration or reference-cartographic fixture is used as evidence in this edition. The publication gate checks every binding against this register.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.3<\/span><span>Regional reading, Republic of Korea by region<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Map plates for every province follow in Q2 2027, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Total fertility rate by region, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/h3><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">0.63<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">births per woman<\/span><p>Seoul<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">0.74<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">births per woman<\/span><p>Busan<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1.06<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">births per woman<\/span><p>Sejong<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1.09<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">births per woman<\/span><p>Jeonnam<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional reading, Republic of Korea by region<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Region<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Principal hazards<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems most exposed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Seoul Capital Area<\/td><td>heat, heavy rain, urban flooding<\/td><td>finance, power, transport, care<\/td><td>event record not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gangwon<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a>, heavy rain<\/td><td>forestry, water<\/td><td>event record not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Chungcheong<\/td><td>heat, rain, drought<\/td><td>industry, water<\/td><td>event record not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Honam<\/td><td>heavy rain, typhoons<\/td><td>agriculture, coast<\/td><td>event record not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Yeongnam<\/td><td>typhoons, heat, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a><\/td><td>ports, industry, energy<\/td><td>Pohang 2017<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Jeju<\/td><td>typhoons, water supply<\/td><td>tourism, island lifelines<\/td><td>event record not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Regional readings summarise the cited evidence. They are not risk ratings of any province.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.4<\/span><span>Atlas card, Seoul Capital Area<\/span><\/h2><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">region<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">metropolis<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">dense lifelines<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">lowest fertility<\/li><\/ul><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Systems in view<\/dt><dd>water, power, transport, health and care<\/dd><dt>Defining events<\/dt><dd>not bound; event records are a designed gap<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Couplings<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 ENE \u2192 HLT; CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 INF<\/dd><dt>Capability evidence<\/dt><dd>not bound<\/dd><dt>Gaps<\/dt><dd>drainage capacity; peak load margins; care continuity<\/dd><dt>Agenda items<\/dt><dd>A-01 \u00b7 A-04<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Source: Ministry of Environment waterworks and drainage statistics [18]. Blocker: not retrieved by evidence close.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">WATER<\/h3><p>Not bound<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Total fertility in Seoul was 0.63 in 2025, the lowest regional value reported [1]. Ageing share is not bound [20].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">HEALTH AND CARE<\/h3><p>Lowest regional fertility<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Source: national and city transport operator records. Blocker: not retrieved by evidence close.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">TRANSPORT<\/h3><p>Not bound<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Atlas cards are generated for every province from Q2 2027 with consistent fields and evidence-age labels. The capital region is shown first because it holds the leading compound pathway.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.5<\/span><span>Republic of Korea system card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The card through which Republic of Korea appears in the East Asia regional edition and the global series. It summarises; it does not rank.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Republic of Korea system card<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline state<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>indicators not bound<\/td><td>flood and drought<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>60% fossil electricity<\/td><td>import disruption<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>cereal imports 16.7 million t<\/td><td>import shocks<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>low, uneven fertility<\/td><td>heat and care load<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>indicators not bound<\/td><td>land use and climate<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Context<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Archetype<\/dt><dd>high-income, ageing, trade-dependent economy in a seismically active region<\/dd><dt>Population<\/dt><dd>51.68 million (2025)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Trade<\/dt><dd>imports cereals and fuel<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Target<\/dt><dd>2035 range 53% to 61% below 2018<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Republic of Korea\u2019s card sits beside its neighbours\u2019; shared basins, grids, corridors and supply chains are read as one regional system.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EAST ASIA REGIONAL EDITION<\/h3><p>One regional system<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Korean evidence enters the water, energy, food, finance and climate sector reports through the same finding identifiers, so a correction travels everywhere at once.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES<\/h3><p>Same findings, same IDs<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">In the global edition Republic of Korea is read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL FLAGSHIP<\/h3><p>Peers, not ranks<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>External rankings, where cited, keep their own method and source. Nexus never converts them into a rating, and Republic of Korea\u2019s national ownership of its edition is unaffected.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.6<\/span><span>Licences<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Licences of each kind of material<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Material<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Text<\/td><td>CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data<\/td><td>on the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td>Nexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maps<\/td><td>boundary source and licence printed on each plate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Metadata<\/td><td>CC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Third-party data, figures and text<\/td><td>The source&#8217;s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.7<\/span><span>Formats and provenance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">This edition in every format<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Format<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it is<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Web edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>Draft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Print edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indicator data<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CSV \u00b7 JSON<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>17 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE data release v1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">SVG \u00b7 PNG<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIG-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-*<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slides<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No slide deck is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence brief<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML \u00b7 PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No evidence brief is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dataset with DOI<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DataCite<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>Concept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Provenance<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Edition pack<\/dt><dd>The edition&#8217;s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built<\/dd><dt>Evidence cut<\/dt><dd>NQ-KOR-2026-Q0-1, closed 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters<\/dd><dt>Self-check<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release<\/dd><dt>Review<\/dt><dd>five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>GCRI for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Corrections<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Korea, Rep. (population and GDP). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/korea-rep<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cThe World Bank in Korea: overview\u201d (GNI per capita). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/korea\/overview<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) (ed.), \u201cBirth Statistics in 2025.\u201d KOSTAT, Daejeon, 26 August 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/mods.go.kr\/board.es?mid=a20108010000&amp;bid=11773&amp;act=view&amp;list_no=447264<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea\u201d country page, electricity shares. Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/ember-energy.org\/countries-and-regions\/south-korea\/<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea: 2035 NDC.\u201d Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, December 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/climateactiontracker.org\/countries\/south-korea\/2035-ndc\/<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea\u201d country assessment. Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, updated 29 December 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/climateactiontracker.org\/countries\/south-korea\/<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Republic of Korea, reference date 2 September 2026. FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.fao.org\/giews\/countrybrief\/country.jsp?code=KOR<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>International Monetary Fund (ed.), Republic of Korea country page: 2025 Article IV report and July 2026 World Economic Outlook Update projections. IMF, Washington DC. Observation year 2025 and 2026 projection. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/KOR<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center of Korea (ed.), National GHG Inventory (1990\u20132022 listed). GIR, Sejong. Observation year 2022 (page lists; figures not read). Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.gir.go.kr\/eng\/index.do<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Korea Forest Service (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Wildfire<\/a> statistics and damage records. Korea Forest Service, Daejeon. Source for a designed gap; the page returned an error at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (ed.), Heat-related illness surveillance report. KDCA, Cheongju. Source for a designed gap; the page returned an error at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Ministry of Environment (ed.), Waterworks statistics. MoE, Sejong. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) (ed.), Population Projections. KOSTAT, Daejeon. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cb-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>F. Grigoli, S. Cesca, E. Priolo et al., \u201cThe November 2017 Mw 5.5 Pohang <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a>: a possible case of induced seismicity in South Korea,\u201d Science, vol. 360, pp. 1003\u20131006, 2018. Observation year 2017.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-kor-cb-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-part-references\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cc-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/\">Republic of Korea 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex C<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">References and record<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Every source the edition rests on, the publication record, the corrections log and the open record.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>11 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>0 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cc-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-cc-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cc-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.1<\/span><span>45 sources<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">NR-CIT-1, editor first. A DOI is linked where the source has one; Nexus records carry a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> once the catalogue allocates it (NS-1).<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) (ed.), \u201cBirth Statistics in 2025.\u201d KOSTAT, Daejeon, 26 August 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/mods.go.kr\/board.es?mid=a20108010000&amp;bid=11773&amp;act=view&amp;list_no=447264 <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Korea, Rep. (population and GDP). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/country\/korea-rep <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cThe World Bank in Korea: overview\u201d (GNI per capita). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/country\/korea\/overview <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>International Monetary Fund (ed.), Republic of Korea country page: 2025 Article IV report and July 2026 World Economic Outlook Update projections. IMF, Washington DC. Observation year 2025 and 2026 projection. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/Countries\/KOR <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea\u201d country page, electricity shares. Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/ember-energy.org\/countries-and-regions\/south-korea\/ <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea\u201d country assessment. Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, updated 29 December 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/climateactiontracker.org\/countries\/south-korea\/ <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), \u201cSouth Korea: 2035 NDC.\u201d Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, December 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/climateactiontracker.org\/countries\/south-korea\/2035-ndc\/ <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 7<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Republic of Korea, reference date 2 September 2026. FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.fao.org\/giews\/countrybrief\/country.jsp?code=KOR <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center of Korea (ed.), National GHG Inventory (1990\u20132022 listed). GIR, Sejong. Observation year 2022 (page lists; figures not read). Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/www.gir.go.kr\/eng\/index.do <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Government of the Republic of Korea (ed.), Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth for Coping with Climate Crisis. Seoul, 2021. Observation year 2021. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Government of the Republic of Korea (ed.), Republic of Korea\u2019s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution. Submission to the UNFCCC, December 2025. Observation year 2025. Submission text not read; cited through [7]. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Government of the Republic of Korea (ed.), 2050 Carbon Neutral Strategy of the Republic of Korea: Towards a Sustainable and Green Society (long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategy). Seoul, 2020. Observation year 2020. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (ed.), Basic Plan for Long-term Electricity Supply and Demand. MOTIE, Sejong. Observation year 2025 (latest plan). Not opened at evidence close. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Korea Meteorological Administration (ed.), Annual Climate Report. KMA, Seoul. Source for climate extremes; not bound at evidence close. Observation year none bound. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Korea Forest Service (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Wildfire<\/a> statistics and damage records. Korea Forest Service, Daejeon. Source for a designed gap; the page returned an error at evidence close. Observation year none bound. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (ed.), Heat-related illness surveillance report. KDCA, Cheongju. Source for a designed gap; the page returned an error at evidence close. Observation year none bound. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (ed.), Food Balance Sheet and self-sufficiency statistics. MAFRA, Sejong. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Ministry of Environment (ed.), Waterworks statistics. MoE, Sejong. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan profile: Republic of Korea. CBD Secretariat, Montreal. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) (ed.), Population Projections. KOSTAT, Daejeon. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Korea Energy Economics Institute (ed.), Yearbook of Energy Statistics. KEEI, Ulsan. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Bank of Korea (ed.), Financial Stability Report. Bank of Korea, Seoul. Observation year 2026 (latest report). Not opened at evidence close. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Korea Sustainability Standards Board (ed.), Korean Sustainability Disclosure Standards. KSSB, Seoul. Status not bound at evidence close. Observation year none bound. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Government of the Republic of Korea (ed.), Act on the Allocation and Trading of Greenhouse-Gas Emission Permits. Seoul. Observation year 2015 (enactment). <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015. Observation year 2015. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2023. Observation year 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022. Observation year 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>UNFCCC (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>. United Nations, Paris, 2015. Observation year 2015. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>International Energy Agency (ed.), Korea 2020: Energy Policy Review. IEA, Paris, 2020. Observation year 2020.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>International Energy Agency (ed.), Global Energy Review 2025. IEA, Paris, 2025. Observation year 2024.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>Munich Re (ed.), Natural disasters in 2025: NatCatSERVICE full-year figures. Munich Re, Munich, January 2026. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054. Observation year 2024. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.13850054\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054<\/a> <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. Observation year 2018. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>World Health Organization (ed.), World Health Statistics 2025. WHO, Geneva, 2025. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports: The Foundational Edition, Volumes I and II. Reports series, Edition 2026\u20132030, V1.0. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>OECD (ed.), OECD Economic Surveys: Korea 2024. OECD Publishing, Paris, 2024. Observation year 2024. Not opened at evidence close. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (ed.), World Population Prospects 2024. United Nations, New York, 2024. Observation year 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNDRR (ed.), Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2025. UNDRR, Geneva, 2025. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>United Nations Environment Programme (ed.), Emissions Gap Report 2025. UNEP, Nairobi, 2025. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), AQUASTAT: Republic of Korea. FAO, Rome. Source for a designed gap; not retrieved at evidence close. Observation year none bound. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2024. WMO, Geneva, 2025. Observation year 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>F. Grigoli, S. Cesca, E. Priolo et al., \u201cThe November 2017 Mw 5.5 Pohang <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a>: a possible case of induced seismicity in South Korea,\u201d Science, vol. 360, pp. 1003\u20131006, 2018. Observation year 2017. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 7<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>Government of the Republic of Korea (ed.), Framework Act on the Management of Disasters and Safety. Seoul. Observation year none bound (current consolidated text not read). <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-kor-ref-45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>Statistics Korea (KOSTAT) (ed.), Vital Statistics monthly releases (July 2026 release dated 23 September 2026; listing read, figures not read). KOSTAT, Daejeon. Observation year 2026. Accessed 3 November 2026. https:\/\/mods.go.kr\/menu.es?mid=a20108000000 <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cc-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-cc-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cc-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.2<\/span><span>Publication record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Title<\/dt><dd>Republic of Korea <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026, Baseline Edition<\/dd><dt>Series<\/dt><dd>Reports \u00b7 Edition 2026\u20132030<\/dd><dt>Edition<\/dt><dd>Baseline Edition 2026 \u00b7 inaugural annual<\/dd><dt>Version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 \u00b7 draft for stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Publication date<\/dt><dd>October 2026<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>concept and version DOI at deposit<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publisher<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Place<\/dt><dd>Toronto<\/dd><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor<\/dd><dt>Stewards<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 technical truth \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 public meaning \u00b7 GRA \u00b7 capital meaning<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>text CC BY 4.0; data on the terms of each source<\/dd><dt>Copyright<\/dt><dd>\u00a9 2026 GCRI \u00b7 Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Language<\/dt><dd>English (en-GB) source edition<\/dd><dt>Correspondence<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway \u00b7 editorial office<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">DISCLAIMER<\/p><p>This edition is published for research, planning and public understanding. It is not a government assessment, an official warning, a rating, a certification, investment advice or an operational authorisation. Reasonable care has been taken with every source; consult the cited originals before relying on any value.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Colophon<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Format<\/dt><dd>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF<\/dd><dt>Typefaces<\/dt><dd>Space Grotesk (display) \u00b7 Geist (text) \u00b7 IBM Plex Sans Italic (standfirsts) \u00b7 IBM Plex Mono (data)<\/dd><dt>Design standard<\/dt><dd>Reports Foundational Edition, Volume I, Part VII<\/dd><dt>Accessibility<\/dt><dd>tagged PDF and HTML targets; text alternatives for every figure<\/dd><dt>Production<\/dt><dd>Reports editorial team, GCRI<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HOW TO CORRECT THIS EDITION<\/p><p>Report errors, omissions or objections through the Registry correction pathway. Each report is logged and answered; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version, and the original remains resolvable.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Release path for this version<\/h3><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cc-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table C.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Release path for this version<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">When<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Draft<\/td><td>editorial self-check complete at evidence close<\/td><td>October 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Steward review<\/td><td>five passes on the exact draft (keys T \u00b7 M \u00b7 F \u00b7 N)<\/td><td>Q4 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approval<\/td><td>publication authority approves the exact digest<\/td><td>before release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deposit<\/td><td>concept and version DOI minted; registry pointer set<\/td><td>at release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Succession<\/td><td>the Q1 2027 edition reports changes against this baseline<\/td><td>Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Current version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 draft, stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Previous edition<\/dt><dd>none, first edition of the series<\/dd><dt>Next edition<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2027-Q1-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Latest version<\/dt><dd>resolve the concept DOI or the registry record<\/dd><dt>Correction route<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway<\/dd><dt>Notice types<\/dt><dd>erratum \u00b7 addendum \u00b7 supersession \u00b7 withdrawal<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NO CORRECTIONS \u2260 NO LIMITS<\/p><p>The absence of corrections does not mean the absence of limitations. Limitations and uncertainty are stated where they arise in the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><div id=\"nx-nr-kor-corrections\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cc-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-cc-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cc-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.3<\/span><span>Corrections log<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-corr\"><p class=\"nx-nr-corr-sum\"><span class=\"nx-nr-corr-n\">0<\/span><span>correction notices. No edition has been released yet, so none can be corrected; the log below lists each edition&#8217;s current version.<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Version<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Date<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Change<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Notice<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Edition\"><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">KOR<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Version\" class=\"nx-rd-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/td><td data-label=\"Date\">October 2026<\/td><td data-label=\"State\">Draft<\/td><td data-label=\"Change\">Baseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition,<\/td><td data-label=\"Notice\">None<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-rd-source\">Notice types: erratum, addendum, supersession, withdrawal. A correction is a new version with a published notice; the earlier version stays resolvable, and no edition is ever edited in silence.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-kor-outputs\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cc-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-cc-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cc-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.4<\/span><span>Open record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-os\"><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>This edition&#8217;s open record<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Desk identifier and series alias<\/dt><dd>NR-NAT-KOR-2026-BL<\/dd><dt>Collection<\/dt><dd>None<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>Concept and version DOI at deposit, on Zenodo with DataCite metadata<\/dd><dt>Versions<\/dt><dd>Each correction is a new version (isNewVersionOf); the concept DOI resolves to the latest<\/dd><dt>Bundle<\/dt><dd>RO-Crate 1.2 with CITATION.cff, CodeMeta and PROV-O provenance; a signed manifest<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Credit and identity<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>ORCID<\/dt><dd>Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record<\/dd><dt>ROR<\/dt><dd>Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone<\/dd><dt>CRediT<\/dt><dd>Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing<\/dd><dt>Account<\/dt><dd>None needed to contribute; never a password<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Find and follow<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">Search the open indexes for Republic of Korea; software is cited by its SWHID from Software Heritage, and a quantified scenario run is preregistered on OSF before it is run. Annotation is your choice: Hypothesis opens this page in its own viewer.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-nr-os-links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/openalex.org\/works?search=Nexus%20Reports%20Republic%20of%20Korea\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAlex<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.openaire.eu\/search\/find?fv0=Nexus%20Reports%20Republic%20of%20Korea&amp;f0=q\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAIRE<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/search\/works?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Republic%20of%20Korea\" rel=\"noopener\">Crossref<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.datacite.org\/?query=Nexus%20Reports%20Republic%20of%20Korea\" rel=\"noopener\">DataCite Commons<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/search?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Republic%20of%20Korea\" rel=\"noopener\">Zenodo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.softwareheritage.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Software Heritage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/prereg\/\" rel=\"noopener\">OSF preregistration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/via.hypothes.is\/https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Annotate with Hypothesis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Mirrors and harvest<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">The DOI is canonical. At release each signed bundle is also given an IPFS content identifier and a bloxberg anchor as mirrors; both are listed in the record once they exist. Zenodo exposes every record over OAI-PMH, and reviews and endorsements can arrive through COAR Notify where the repository supports it.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><figure class=\"nx-nr-code\"><figcaption class=\"nx-nr-code-cap\">InvenioRDM metadata for a contribution on Republic of Korea, prefilled from this page<\/figcaption><pre class=\"nx-nr-pre\" tabindex=\"0\"><code>{&#10;  &quot;metadata&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;id&quot;: &quot;dataset&quot;&#10;    },&#10;    &quot;title&quot;: &quot;Evidence on Republic of Korea for Nexus Reports&quot;,&#10;    &quot;publication_date&quot;: &quot;YYYY-MM-DD&quot;,&#10;    &quot;creators&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;person_or_org&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;type&quot;: &quot;personal&quot;,&#10;          &quot;family_name&quot;: &quot;Your family name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;given_name&quot;: &quot;Your given name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;identifiers&quot;: [&#10;            {&#10;              &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;orcid&quot;,&#10;              &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;0000-0000-0000-0000&quot;&#10;            }&#10;          ]&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;affiliations&quot;: [&#10;          {&#10;            &quot;id&quot;: &quot;ROR identifier of your organisation&quot;&#10;          }&#10;        ]&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;description&quot;: &quot;What it is, where its record is kept and how it bears on Republic of Korea Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026.&quot;,&#10;    &quot;rights&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;id&quot;: &quot;cc-by-4.0&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;subjects&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Nexus Reports&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Republic of Korea&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Country Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;related_identifiers&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/&quot;,&#10;        &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;url&quot;,&#10;        &quot;relation_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;issupplementto&quot;&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;publication-report&quot;&#10;        }&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;version&quot;: &quot;1.0.0&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;custom_fields&quot;: {},&#10;  &quot;access&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;record&quot;: &quot;public&quot;,&#10;    &quot;files&quot;: &quot;public&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;files&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;enabled&quot;: true&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;parent&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;communities&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;default&quot;: &quot;nexusreports&quot;&#10;    }&#10;  }&#10;}<\/code><\/pre><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-hook\" data-nx-research-hub=\"slot\" data-nx-research-context=\"{&quot;org&quot;:&quot;GCRI&quot;,&quot;site&quot;:&quot;gcri&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;edition&quot;,&quot;subject&quot;:&quot;Republic of Korea&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;Country Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;]}\" hidden><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-kor-pillars\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cc-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-kor-cc-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-kor-cc-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.5<\/span><span>Where this edition sits among the six pillars<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Foundry seals the evidence and Universe tests it; Reports publishes it; Standards takes its corrections and Academy teaches from it.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F03 Sealed observations and indicator series<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F04 After-action and scenario findings for<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F05 National Portfolio movement for chapter<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Applied in editions<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>: applied in editions.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>KOR edition<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Reports<\/span> Republic of Korea 2026, published in every format with its sources, citation and corrections.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F06 Method and correction findings as change<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F12 Q4 synthesis informs the next-year<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Taught in the open<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Academy<\/span> Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>What Foundry and Universe hand to this edition, and what it hands to Standards, Universe and Academy. From the programme spine; KOR is a drafted Baseline Edition, so these handoffs run from its first operational quarter.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Handoff<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Between<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What crosses, and when<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F03<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F04<\/span><\/td><td>Universe to Reports<\/td><td>After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F05<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus Standards to Reports<\/td><td>Nexus Standards: applied in editions.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F06<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Nexus Standards<\/td><td>Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F12<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Universe<\/td><td>Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"academy\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Risk Academy<\/td><td>Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-noprint\"><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Send evidence or a correction on Republic of Korea.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the GCRI <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Evidence desk. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work. Sent to the wrong desk, it is forwarded, not refused.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI Systems Evidence desk<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/#nx-sec-routing\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See which desk takes what you have<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The routing table opens the contribution page: what you have, the desk that takes it, how each contribution is reviewed and credited, and the licence.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/nexus-reports\/editions\/kor\/full#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><p class=\"nx-note\" data-nr-rights=\"true\"><a class=\"nx-link\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> Free to read. Text and figures: CC BY 4.0. Data: CC0 1.0. Authors keep copyright. Published by GCRI Canada.<\/p><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-kor-full-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-kor-full-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-kor-full-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/urban-flood\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Urban flood<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/risk-science\/risk-information-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Risk information standards and interoperability<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/data\/identification-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Identification (the UNI)<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script><style>@media print { @page { margin: 20mm 17mm 20mm 17mm; @top-left { content: \"Nexus Reports\"; font: 500 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @top-right { content: \"Republic of Korea Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026 \\0000b7  Baseline Edition 2026\"; font: 400 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Sans\", sans-serif; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-left { content: \"NR-COUNTRY-KOR-2026-BASELINE \\0000b7  Draft, not released\"; font: 400 7pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-center { content: \"CC BY 4.0. 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