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\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\"><style>#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-asn-full.nxe{display:block;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:1180px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 16px;font-family:ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,\"Segoe UI\",sans-serif;line-height:1.55;overflow-wrap:break-word}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-asn-full.nxe :where(*,*::before,*::after){box-sizing:inherit}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-asn-full.nxe :where(section,header,footer,nav,aside){display:block;margin:0 0 32px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-asn-full.nxe :where(h1,h2,h3,h4){line-height:1.2;margin:24px 0 12px;font-weight:600}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-asn-full.nxe :where(p,ul,ol,dl,table,figure,details){margin:0 0 16px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-asn-full.nxe :where(ul,ol){padding-left:20px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-asn-full.nxe a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-asn-full.nxe table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;display:block;overflow-x:auto}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-asn-full.nxe :where(th,td){padding:6px 8px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:inherit}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-asn-full.nxe svg{display:none}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-asn-full.nxe svg.nx-i{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:-3px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-asn-full.nxe :where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-asn-full.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><div class=\"nrp\"><div class=\"nrp-wrap\"><p class=\"nrj-draft\" data-nrj-shared=\"draft\" role=\"note\"><strong>Draft, not yet released.<\/strong> In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.<\/p><article class=\"nrp-flow\"><header class=\"nrp-hero\"><div class=\"nrp-hero-grid\"><div><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Baseline Edition 2026<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Complete edition<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 class=\"pp-hero-title nrp-hero-title-l\">ASEAN Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of ASEAN\u2019s Interdependent Systems.<\/h1><p class=\"nrp-lede\"><\/p><div class=\"nrp-actions\"><button class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" type=\"button\" data-nrp-act=\"print\" hidden><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 18H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><path d=\"M6 9V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6\"\/><rect x=\"6\" y=\"14\" width=\"12\" height=\"8\" rx=\"1\"\/><\/svg>Print or save as PDF<\/button><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19 12H5\"\/><path d=\"m12 19-7-7 7-7\"\/><\/svg>Edition home<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nrp-note nrp-noprint\">Choose A4 or Letter in the print dialog; running heads and page numbers are added in print. This is a review copy: the signed PDF with its DOI is issued at release.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nrp-cover\"><div class=\"nrp-cover-top\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">REG-ASN<\/span><\/div><span class=\"nrp-cover-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"nrp-cover-k\">Regional Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-t\">ASEAN 2026<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-s\"><\/p><div class=\"nrp-cover-foot\"><span>Baseline Edition 2026<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><span><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> for the Nexus Consortium<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block nrp-imprint\" aria-label=\"Imprint\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Imprint<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor, the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto<\/dd><dt>Report number<\/dt><dd class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026, cut NQ-REG-ASN-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Status<\/dt><dd>Draft under stewardship review; not yet released<\/dd><dt>DOI and UNI<\/dt><dd>Issued at deposit<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>CC BY 4.0 for Nexus-authored text, tables and figures; third-party material keeps its own licence<\/dd><dt>Cite as<\/dt><dd>Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). ASEAN Regional <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of ASEAN\u2019s Interdependent Systems. (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" aria-label=\"Contents\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Contents<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">\u00b7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-summary\">Executive summary<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-coupled-system\">Chapter 1. ASEAN\u2019s risk travels through shared seas, rivers and smoke<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-findings\">Chapter 2. Key findings<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-systems-and-sectors\">Chapter 3. Systems and sectors at baseline<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-risk-and-capability\">Chapter 4. Risks and capability<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-scenario\">Chapter 5. Strong dry season: fire haze across the southern archipelago and the Malacca Strait<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-lenses-and-readings\">Chapter 6. Readings from the other desks<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-agenda\">Chapter 7. The 2027 agenda<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">8<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-systems-in-depth\">Chapter 8. Systems in depth<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-methodology\">Annex A. Methodology<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-data\">Annex B. Data appendix<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-references\">Annex C. References and record<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-summary\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/\">ASEAN 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Executive summary<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Executive summary<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The edition on a few pages: the abstract, the key messages, the headline finding and what each steward reads in it.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>11 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.1<\/span><span>Abstract<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>ASEAN, as the series reads it, is a region whose member editions in the registry are Indonesia and Singapore, set inside an association of eleven member states that share seas, rivers, an airshed and a monsoon climate. Timor-Leste became the eleventh member on 26 October 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup>. The eleven states had about 700.3 million people in 2025 and a combined output of about US$4.27 trillion at current prices<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>. Their greenhouse gas emissions excluding land use were about 3,228 Mt CO\u2082e in 2024, of which Indonesia emitted 41%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. A magnitude 7.7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> near Mandalay on 28 March 2025 killed at least 3,791 people in Myanmar and at least 63 in Thailand<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>. Prolonged flooding in Viet Nam in 2025 caused at least 200 deaths and US$1.9 billion of losses<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>. The haze alert for southern ASEAN was raised to Level 3 on 26 August 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup>. In 2024 fossil fuels supplied 85% of Indonesia\u2019s electricity, and renewables supplied 15.6% of the region\u2019s primary energy in 2022 against a target of 23% for 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>. This Baseline Edition fixes the 2026 reference state from sources that could be read at evidence close. Where a regional dataset could not be read, it shows as a designed empty state that names the source and the blocker. The edition decides nothing and compares no member state against another.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.2<\/span><span>Key messages<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Six readings that frame the ASEAN baseline, and the eight questions this edition answers, each with its status and source.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-km\"><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">The registry names Indonesia and Singapore. The association has eleven member states, read here as a reference group.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Who is in the region?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">About 700.3 million people and US$4.27 trillion of output in 2025, as Nexus sums of national series.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How big is the region?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">A magnitude 7.7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> in 2025 killed at least 3,791 people in Myanmar; floods in Viet Nam killed at least 200.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What are recent hazards?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Southern ASEAN was raised to Level 3 on 26 August 2026.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What is the haze position?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Fossil fuels supplied 85.1% of Indonesia\u2019s electricity in 2024; hydropower supplied 75.5% in Lao PDR.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How is electricity supplied?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Fine-particle exposure was highest in Myanmar at 35.1 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 in 2023.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Who is exposed to poor air?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Intra-ASEAN trade and investment series are not bound in this edition.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How much do member states trade in the region?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Fire haze, urban heat and power demand coinciding across the southern archipelago. SCN-ASN-HAZE-01<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What will Q1 2027 test first?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.3<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">The magnitude 7.7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> near Mandalay on 28 March 2025 killed at least 3,791 people in Myanmar and at least 63 in Thailand, injured at least 5,106 in Myanmar and damaged an estimated 55,000 homes, with damage valued at US$1.9 billion.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure S.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-fig1-t\">Deaths in the March 2025 earthquake (at least)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Myanmar<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">3,791<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Thailand<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"1.7\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">63<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: US Geological Survey<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>. Thailand\u2019s deaths were mainly in the north and the Bangkok area. The record also reports damage to high-rise buildings in Ho Chi Minh City.<\/p><\/figure><p class=\"nrp-p\">A single rupture of about 500 km on the Sagaing Fault was felt across four countries. Health services, housing, power and water failed in Myanmar, and building damage reached Bangkok and Ho Chi Minh City. Response and insurance therefore need to be read across borders<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.4<\/span><span>At a glance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">700.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>people in the eleven member states, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4.27<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">US$ trillion<\/span><p>combined output at current prices, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">3,228<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>emissions excluding land use, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">285.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Indonesia population, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">6.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Singapore population, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">members<\/span><p>Indonesia and Singapore, the member editions named in the registry<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.5<\/span><span>What each steward reads in it<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of ASEAN risk: heat, flood, smoke and earthquake act on water, energy and health together.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as a flood, a smoke day or a price change.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Flood and earthquake loss series by member are not bound, which shows where finance-readiness evidence will matter.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>ASEAN publishes strong series on output and energy and a clear haze alert system.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.6<\/span><span>What this edition is, and is not<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What this edition is<\/h3><p>A baseline: the state of ASEAN\u2019s water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in 2026 read across Indonesia, Singapore. It reads the shared basins and grids that no single member controls, and sets out the questions the operational series will answer.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What it is not<\/h3><p>Not a regional <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/glossary\/risk-assessment\/\" data-tgl=\"Nexus Standards glossary\">risk assessment<\/a>, an official warning or a rating. It decides nothing about any institution or asset. Competent authorities keep every mandate they hold, and each member\u2019s ownership of its own edition is unaffected. It does not stand for the European Union, which is a separate subject in the series.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What comes next<\/h3><p>Q1 2027 opens the operational series with a sealed Foundry evidence cut. Each later edition reports what changed against this baseline: new observations, source revisions, method changes, scenario updates and corrections.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Viet Nam News (ed.), ASEAN Summit 47: Timor-Leste officially becomes ASEAN\u2019s 11th member (news report, 26 October 2025). Viet Nam News Agency, Ha Noi. Observation year 2025. A news report, used for the admission date only. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Viet Nam (data service, source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP at current US dollars (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), GDP growth (NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG) and GDP per capita (NY.GDP.PCAP.CD), eleven ASEAN states (source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF, AR5 basis (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), eleven ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>United States Geological Survey (ed.), M 7.7 2025 Mandalay, Burma (Myanmar) <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a>: event record and impact summary (28 March 2025, PAGER alert red). USGS, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/energy-nexus\/\" data-tal=\"Energy Nexus\">Extreme heat<\/a> and rainfall, glacier loss and record ocean heat impact Asia in 2025 (media release on the State of the Climate in Asia 2025, 17 June 2026). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Alert20260826: Activation of Alert Level 3 for the Southern ASEAN Region (alert page; NOAA-20 hotspot counts for 24 and 25 August 2026). ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: electricity production from fossil fuels (EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS), coal (EG.ELC.COAL.ZS) and hydroelectric sources (EG.ELC.HYRO.ZS), access to electricity (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS) and electric power consumption per capita, ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (2021 for Brunei Darussalam, Singapore and Timor-Leste hydropower and Timor-Leste fossil and coal). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>ASEAN Centre for Energy (ed.), The 8th ASEAN Energy Outlook (publication page, 26 September 2024). ACE, Jakarta. Observation year 2022 (base year) with projections to 2050. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ASEAN Secretariat (ed.), ASEAN Statistical Yearbook 2023 (the statistics page returned no content; named only as the series that would hold trade and investment values). ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cs-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-coupled-system\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/\">ASEAN 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 1<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">ASEAN\u2019s risk travels through shared seas, rivers and smoke<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Part I describes systems and their couplings. It assesses no authority and ranks no member country.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>2 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>13 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.1<\/span><span>The questions this part answers<\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Key questions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Where is ASEAN\u2019s risk concentrated, and in which <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>?<\/li><li>Which couplings carry shocks across member borders?<\/li><li>Which capabilities hold under compound stress, and which are only documented?<\/li><li>What must the 2027 programme measure first?<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">In this part<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Narrative<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Headline finding<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Lead figure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Member system cards<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Shared basins and grids<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hub list<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Regional pathway<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Twelve-domain reading<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Sector screens<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Dependency matrix<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Risk objects<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Capability ladder<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Scenario<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Three lenses<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Portfolio<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.2<\/span><span>The argument<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>The eleven ASEAN member states had about 700.3 million people in 2025, of whom 285.7 million lived in Indonesia and 6.1 million in Singapore<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. Their combined output was about US$4.27 trillion at current prices<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>. The registry names Indonesia and Singapore as the member editions of this region, and this baseline reads the wider association as a reference group.<\/p><p>The forcing layer is visible in recent records. Asia\u2019s mean temperature in 2025 was 0.96 \u00b0C above the 1991\u20132020 average, and marine heatwaves covered more than 10 million km\u00b2 of ocean in July to September<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>. A magnitude 7.7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> near Mandalay on 28 March 2025 killed at least 3,791 people in Myanmar and at least 63 in Thailand, and damaged high-rise buildings in Ho Chi Minh City<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>. Prolonged flooding in Viet Nam caused at least 200 deaths and US$1.9 billion of losses<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>. <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Cyclone<\/a> Senyar then brought severe flooding to parts of Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>Smoke adds an air and health layer. The haze alert for southern ASEAN rose to Level 2 on 19 July 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup> and, in 2026, was raised to Level 3 on 26 August<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup>. Fine-particle exposure in 2023 was 35.1 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 in Myanmar and 20.8 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 in Indonesia<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The energy layer is a transition that starts from a fossil base. Fossil fuels supplied 85.1% of Indonesia\u2019s electricity in 2024, and hydropower supplied 75.5% of Lao PDR\u2019s<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>. Renewables supplied 15.6% of the region\u2019s primary energy in 2022 against a target of 23% for 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The water and food layers differ by member. Singapore had 106 m\u00b3 of renewable internal freshwater per person in 2022, against 25,190 m\u00b3 in Lao PDR<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>. Agriculture employed 68.6% of workers in Lao PDR in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>. The Mekong River Commission has four member countries and was established in 1995<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>This edition therefore reads ASEAN\u2019s risk as a property of the couplings between these forces. The matrix, risk objects, capability ladder and scenario that follow ask two questions: where does a shock travel next across a border, and who holds the capability to stop it?<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-fig1-t\">How much electricity comes from hydropower? Share of electricity generation, 2024 (%)<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Hydropower supplied 75.5% of electricity in Lao PDR in 2024, 45.7% in Myanmar and 38.5% in Cambodia, against 5.6% in Indonesia<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>. States that depend on river flow for power are exposed to the same seasonal and climate swings that shape the shared basins. Thailand supplied 3.3% and the Philippines 8.6%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Lao PDR<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">75.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Myanmar<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"60.5\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">45.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Cambodia<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"51.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">38.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Viet Nam<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"40.1\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">30.3<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Malaysia<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"21.5\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">16.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Indonesia<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"7.4\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">5.6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: as cited in the note to this figure. Year 2024.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Figure ID FIG-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-01-003<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">75.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Lao PDR hydropower share of electricity, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">85.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Indonesia fossil share of electricity, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">15.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>renewables in regional primary energy, 2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">23<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>regional target for 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.3<\/span><span>Twenty couplings between five systems<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The ASEAN matrix types the twenty couplings between the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events; they set the starting graph that the Q1 2027 Foundry cut will test.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-fig2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-fig2-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-fig2-t\">Couplings between the five systems<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Each line is one coupling from one system to another, drawn by the strength the edition assigns. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events.<\/p><\/figcaption><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-ring\" viewBox=\"0 0 340 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Coupling ring: 20 typed couplings between water, energy, food, health and biodiversity. The matrix in the next table carries every value.\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><ul class=\"nrp-legend\"><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"STRONG\"><\/span>Strong<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"MODERATE\"><\/span>Moderate<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"WEAK\"><\/span>Weak<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: this edition&#8217;s coupling matrix (Table 1.1); status Estimated.<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling matrix: from the row system to the column system<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">From, to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">WAT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">ENE<\/th><th scope=\"col\">FOO<\/th><th scope=\"col\">HLT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">BIO<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><b>WAT<\/b> Water<\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">hydro \u00b7 thermal cooling<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">irrigation \u00b7 rain-fed yield<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">safe water \u00b7 sanitation<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>ENE<\/b> Energy<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pumping \u00b7 desalination<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fuel \u00b7 fertiliser \u00b7 cold chain<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">air pollution \u00b7 cooling<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">land use \u00b7 mining<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>FOO<\/b> Food<\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">\u224870% of withdrawals<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">bioenergy feedstock<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">nutrition \u00b7 food safety<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">land conversion<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>HLT<\/b> Health<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">labour \u00b7 disease<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">residues<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>BIO<\/b> Biodiversity<\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">biomass \u00b7 hydrology<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pollination \u00b7 soils<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">zoonoses \u00b7 medicines<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"6\">Strength: strong, moderate or weak; a Nexus estimate (status Estimated) from cited evidence and analogue events. The scale is defined in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Transmission paths<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h6\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.particles.smoke-plume\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Airborne particles and low visibility\" data-td=\"Combustion particles from fires carried downwind, degrading air and visibility far from the source.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H6\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">Fire smoke<\/a> raises fine-particle exposure and loads health services.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> haze alert Level 3 on 26 August 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup>; exposure<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 INF \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">An <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> damages housing and lifelines and the loss falls on households, insurers and budgets.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>; loss series not bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 ENE<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Flow variation on shared rivers reaches hydropower and navigation.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> hydropower shares<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>; no event bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">TRD \u2192 ENE \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">A fuel supply or price change reaches power systems that rely on coal and gas.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> electricity mixes<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>; outlook<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>; no event bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Flood or drought reaches rice and staple crops.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> Viet Nam floods 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>; staple series not bound<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.4<\/span><span>Reinforcing loops<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A shock entering either system of a loop can return amplified through the other.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Pairs of systems where both directions are rated strong<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Loop<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First direction<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Second direction<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT and FOO<\/span><\/td><td>Water to food: irrigation \u00b7 rain-fed yield<\/td><td>Food to water: \u224870% of withdrawals<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Water to biodiversity: flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/td><td>Biodiversity to water: regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Food to biodiversity: land conversion<\/td><td>Biodiversity to food: pollination \u00b7 soils<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"3\">A causal-loop reading of the matrix (Sterman, Business Dynamics, 2000): structural, from estimated strengths, not a measured feedback.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Viet Nam (data service, source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP at current US dollars (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), GDP growth (NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG) and GDP per capita (NY.GDP.PCAP.CD), eleven ASEAN states (source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/energy-nexus\/\" data-tal=\"Energy Nexus\">Extreme heat<\/a> and rainfall, glacier loss and record ocean heat impact Asia in 2025 (media release on the State of the Climate in Asia 2025, 17 June 2026). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>United States Geological Survey (ed.), M 7.7 2025 Mandalay, Burma (Myanmar) <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a>: event record and impact summary (28 March 2025, PAGER alert red). USGS, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Sentinel Asia (ed.), Flood and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h19\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.slope.slide\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Slope failure and mass movement\" data-td=\"A mass of soil or rock moving downslope along a defined shear surface, from slow creep to sudden failure.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H19\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\">Landslide<\/a> in North Sumatra, Indonesia on 28 November 2025 (emergency observation record). Sentinel Asia secretariat. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Review of Regional Haze Situation for July 2025. ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Alert20260826: Activation of Alert Level 3 for the Southern ASEAN Region (alert page; NOAA-20 hotspot counts for 24 and 25 August 2026). ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: electricity production from fossil fuels (EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS), coal (EG.ELC.COAL.ZS) and hydroelectric sources (EG.ELC.HYRO.ZS), access to electricity (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS) and electric power consumption per capita, ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (2021 for Brunei Darussalam, Singapore and Timor-Leste hydropower and Timor-Leste fossil and coal). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>ASEAN Centre for Energy (ed.), The 8th ASEAN Energy Outlook (publication page, 26 September 2024). ACE, Jakarta. Observation year 2022 (base year) with projections to 2050. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: renewable internal freshwater resources per capita (ER.H2O.INTR.PC) and freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources (ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: cereal production (AG.PRD.CREL.MT), cereal yield, agricultural land, agriculture value added and employment in agriculture (SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (production) and 2025 (employment). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Mekong River Commission (ed.), About the Mekong River Commission (page opened: established in 1995 on the Mekong Agreement; members Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam). MRC Secretariat, Vientiane. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c1-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-findings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/\">ASEAN 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 2<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Key findings<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Twelve findings carry the baseline. They are grouped by system, never ranked. Each resolves to its source or, where Nexus analysis is involved, to its stated method.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>18 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.1<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003\">NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">The magnitude 7.7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> near Mandalay on 28 March 2025 killed at least 3,791 people in Myanmar and at least 63 in Thailand, injured at least 5,106 in Myanmar and damaged an estimated 55,000 homes, with damage valued at US$1.9 billion.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 2.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-fig1-t\">Deaths in the March 2025 earthquake (at least)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Myanmar<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">3,791<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Thailand<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"1.7\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">63<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: US Geological Survey<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>. Thailand\u2019s deaths were mainly in the north and the Bangkok area. The record also reports damage to high-rise buildings in Ho Chi Minh City.<\/p><\/figure><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Implication<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">A single rupture of about 500 km on the Sagaing Fault was felt across four countries. Health services, housing, power and water failed in Myanmar, and building damage reached Bangkok and Ho Chi Minh City. Response and insurance therefore need to be read across borders<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What would move it<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">Reconstruction progress, the AHA Centre\u2019s response records and any member-level loss series would each move this finding. Losses by member are not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.2<\/span><span>Systemic<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-SYS-001\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-SYS-001\">NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-SYS-001<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The eleven ASEAN member states had about 700.3 million people in 2025 and a combined output of about US$4.27 trillion at current prices; Indonesia held 40.8% of the people and 33.9% of the output.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\">NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The leading compound pathway for 2027 testing is a strong dry season in which fire haze, urban heat and power demand coincide across the southern archipelago and the Malacca Strait. \u00a79.3<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.3<\/span><span>Climate forcing<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002\">NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Asia\u2019s 2025 mean temperature was 0.96 \u00b0C above the 1991\u20132020 average, marine heatwaves covered more than 10 million km\u00b2 of ocean in July to September, and prolonged flooding in Viet Nam caused at least 200 deaths and US$1.9 billion of losses.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003\">NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The magnitude 7.7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> near Mandalay on 28 March 2025 killed at least 3,791 people in Myanmar and at least 63 in Thailand, with damage estimated at US$1.9 billion.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-004\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-004\">NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Cyclone<\/a> Senyar, formed in the Malacca Strait in November 2025, brought severe flooding to parts of Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia; an interim Indonesian count stood at 174 deaths in Aceh, North Sumatra and West Sumatra.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-005\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-005\">NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-005<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The haze alert for southern ASEAN was raised to Level 3 on 26 August 2026, after 287 and 190 hotspots in Kalimantan and 65 and 81 in Sumatra on 24 and 25 August, and Sumatra recorded its highest July hotspot count in five years in 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-008\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-008\">NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-008<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The eleven states emitted about 3,228 Mt CO\u2082e excluding land use in 2024; Indonesia emitted 41.0%, Viet Nam 18.1% and Thailand 13.1%.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.4<\/span><span>Health<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-HLT-006\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-HLT-006\">NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-HLT-006<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Fine-particle exposure in 2023 ranged from 7.6 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 in Brunei Darussalam to 35.1 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 in Myanmar, and air-pollution deaths in 2019 reached 202.8 per 100,000 in the Philippines.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.5<\/span><span>Energy<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-ENE-007\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-ENE-007\">NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-ENE-007<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">In 2024 fossil fuels supplied 85.1% of Indonesia\u2019s electricity and 70.5% came from coal, while renewables supplied 15.6% of the region\u2019s primary energy in 2022 against a 23% target for 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.6<\/span><span>Water<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-WAT-009\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-WAT-009\">NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-WAT-009<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Renewable internal freshwater was 106 m\u00b3 per person in Singapore and 25,190 m\u00b3 in Lao PDR in 2022, and 30.5% of Indonesians used safely managed drinking water in 2024.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.7<\/span><span>Food<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-FOO-010\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-FOO-010\">NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-FOO-010<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Ten reporting states produced about 234.2 Mt of cereals in 2024, and agriculture employed 68.6% of workers in Lao PDR and 45.0% in Myanmar in 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.8<\/span><span>Biodiversity<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-BIO-011\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-BIO-011\">NRF-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-BIO-011<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Forest covered 50.7% of Indonesia\u2019s land in 2024 and terrestrial protected areas covered from 4.6% of land in Singapore to 39.9% in Brunei Darussalam in 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>United States Geological Survey (ed.), M 7.7 2025 Mandalay, Burma (Myanmar) <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a>: event record and impact summary (28 March 2025, PAGER alert red). USGS, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management (ed.), AHA Centre home page and events list (mandate, ARDEX-25 of 22 to 24 July 2025, Lower Mekong transboundary flooding workshop of 12 to 15 October 2026). AHA Centre, Jakarta. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Viet Nam (data service, source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP at current US dollars (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), GDP growth (NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG) and GDP per capita (NY.GDP.PCAP.CD), eleven ASEAN states (source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Viet Nam News (ed.), ASEAN Summit 47: Timor-Leste officially becomes ASEAN\u2019s 11th member (news report, 26 October 2025). Viet Nam News Agency, Ha Noi. Observation year 2025. A news report, used for the admission date only. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/energy-nexus\/\" data-tal=\"Energy Nexus\">Extreme heat<\/a> and rainfall, glacier loss and record ocean heat impact Asia in 2025 (media release on the State of the Climate in Asia 2025, 17 June 2026). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Sentinel Asia (ed.), Flood and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h19\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.slope.slide\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Slope failure and mass movement\" data-td=\"A mass of soil or rock moving downslope along a defined shear surface, from slow creep to sudden failure.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H19\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\">Landslide<\/a> in North Sumatra, Indonesia on 28 November 2025 (emergency observation record). Sentinel Asia secretariat. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Alert20260826: Activation of Alert Level 3 for the Southern ASEAN Region (alert page; NOAA-20 hotspot counts for 24 and 25 August 2026). ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Review of Regional Haze Situation for July 2025. ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF, AR5 basis (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), eleven ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: prevalence of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h81\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.nutrition.chronic-undernutrition\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency\" data-td=\"Long-term poor nutrition and repeated infection in early childhood that stunt growth and brain development, reducing lifelong health, learning and earnings.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H81\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/health\/\" data-txl=\"Health and biosecurity\">stunting<\/a> (SH.STA.STNT.ZS), under-five mortality (SH.DYN.MORT), tuberculosis incidence (SH.TBS.INCD), current health expenditure (SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS) and mortality attributed to air pollution (SH.STA.AIRP.P5), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2019 (air pollution), 2023 (health expenditure) and 2024 (mortality, tuberculosis); stunting years differ by state, 2000 to 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: electricity production from fossil fuels (EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS), coal (EG.ELC.COAL.ZS) and hydroelectric sources (EG.ELC.HYRO.ZS), access to electricity (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS) and electric power consumption per capita, ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (2021 for Brunei Darussalam, Singapore and Timor-Leste hydropower and Timor-Leste fossil and coal). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>ASEAN Centre for Energy (ed.), The 8th ASEAN Energy Outlook (publication page, 26 September 2024). ACE, Jakarta. Observation year 2022 (base year) with projections to 2050. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: renewable internal freshwater resources per capita (ER.H2O.INTR.PC) and freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources (ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: people using safely managed drinking water services (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS) and safely managed sanitation services (SH.STA.SMSS.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: cereal production (AG.PRD.CREL.MT), cereal yield, agricultural land, agriculture value added and employment in agriculture (SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (production) and 2025 (employment). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: forest area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), terrestrial protected areas (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS) and total protected areas (ER.PTD.TOTL.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (forest) and 2025 (protected areas). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-systems-and-sectors\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/\">ASEAN 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 3<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems and sectors at baseline<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>20 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.1<\/span><span>Where each system stood at evidence close<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WAT \u00b7 Water<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Population using safely managed drinking water, Indonesia<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">30.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Philippines 48.5%, Viet Nam 58.6%, Malaysia 94.7%, Singapore 100%.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">ENE \u00b7 Energy<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Fossil fuels in electricity generation, Indonesia<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">85.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Coal supplied 70.5%. Renewables supplied 15.6% of regional primary energy in 2022, against a 23% target for 2025.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 ACE<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FOO \u00b7 Food<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Cereal production, ten reporting states<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">234.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt<\/span><p>Indonesia 68.3 Mt, Viet Nam 47.9 Mt, Thailand 38.6 Mt. Singapore reports no value. Sum is Nexus arithmetic.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HLT \u00b7 Health<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Fine-particle exposure, Myanmar<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">35.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">\u00b5g\/m\u00b3<\/span><p>Lao PDR 26.0, Viet Nam 24.8, Thailand 23.5, Philippines 22.2, Indonesia 20.8.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2023<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">BIO \u00b7 Biodiversity<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Forest area, Indonesia<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">50.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">% of land<\/span><p>Brunei Darussalam 72.1%, Timor-Leste 71.0%, Philippines 24.8%. Terrestrial protection ranges from 4.6% to 39.9% of land.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SYS \u00b7 Cross-system<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Haze alert level, southern ASEAN<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">level<\/span><p>Level 3 was issued on 26 August 2026, after 287 and 190 hotspots in Kalimantan on 24 and 25 August.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>Aug 2026<\/span><span>ASMC<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.2<\/span><span>Domain posture<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each of the twelve coupled domains is read in words, not scored. The reading states where the regional evidence points; the coupling column names the dependency that carries risk across <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and borders.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Each domain read in words, not scored<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Domain<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Posture at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT<\/span><\/td><td>Singapore 106 m\u00b3 and Lao PDR 25,190 m\u00b3 of renewable freshwater per person in 2022; four Mekong member countries in one commission<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT \u2192 ENE \u00b7 WAT \u2192 FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE<\/span><\/td><td>Fossil fuels 85.1% of Indonesia\u2019s electricity in 2024; renewables 15.6% of regional primary energy in 2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO<\/span><\/td><td>About 234.2 Mt of cereals in 2024 from ten reporting states; staple stocks and prices not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO \u2190 WAT, CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT<\/span><\/td><td>Fine-particle exposure 35.1 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 in Myanmar in 2023; air-pollution deaths 202.8 per 100,000 in the Philippines in 2019<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT \u2190 CLI, ENE<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Forest 50.7% of Indonesia\u2019s land in 2024; terrestrial protection from 4.6% to 39.9% of land in 2025. Condition not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO \u2194 WAT, FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CLI<\/span><\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> 2025 at least 3,791 deaths in Myanmar; Viet Nam floods at least 200 deaths; haze at Level 3 on 26 August 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">forcing on all systems<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF<\/span><\/td><td>Power, water and housing failed across the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> zone in Myanmar<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>. Cross-border power flows not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN<\/span><\/td><td>Flood and earthquake loss series by member not bound; the earthquake damage record is US$1.9 billion<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN \u2190 CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT<\/span><\/td><td>Digital dependencies of lifelines not mapped at public-safe resolution.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT \u2192 ENE, FIN<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC<\/span><\/td><td>Data-centre and compute demand on grids and water not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC \u2192 ENE, WAT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN<\/span><\/td><td>Mineral and fuel trade not bound at baseline.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN \u2190 TRD<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD<\/span><\/td><td>Intra-ASEAN trade not bound; the energy outlook projects the region as a net gas importer from 2027 in its baseline scenario<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.3<\/span><span>Sector screens<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">All sixteen global sectors are screened on the same grammar as every national edition, so later editions can say what changed. The evidence column describes coverage of the baseline evidence, not the performance of the sector.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Sectors: baseline evidence and the exposure to watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Code<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Sector<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Exposure to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-00<\/span><\/td><td>Cross-system<\/td><td>compound dry season, heat and grid stress<\/td><td>fire haze across the southern archipelago<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-01<\/span><\/td><td>Water<\/td><td>safely managed drinking water 30.5% in Indonesia<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>shared rivers; coastal salt intrusion<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-02<\/span><\/td><td>Energy<\/td><td>fossil fuels 85.1% of Indonesia\u2019s electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>coal dependence; gas imports from 2027<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-03<\/span><\/td><td>Food<\/td><td>about 234.2 Mt of cereals in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>drought and flood<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-04<\/span><\/td><td>Health<\/td><td>fine particles 35.1 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 in Myanmar<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>smoke and heat load<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-05<\/span><\/td><td>Finance<\/td><td>loss series not bound<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-06<\/span><\/td><td>Development<\/td><td>human development index values for 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>not bound beyond 2023<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-07<\/span><\/td><td>Climate<\/td><td>Asia 0.96 \u00b0C above the 1991\u20132020 average<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>marine heat, flood and fire<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-08<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> 2025, floods 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>compound and sequential events<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-09<\/span><\/td><td>Infrastructure<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> damage published<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>power, water and high-rise buildings<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-10<\/span><\/td><td>Cities<\/td><td>urban share of population by member<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>urban heat and flood<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-11<\/span><\/td><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>forest and protection shares by member<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>condition not bound<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-12<\/span><\/td><td>Earth observation<\/td><td>WMO and Sentinel Asia records published<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>continuity of records<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-13<\/span><\/td><td>Cyber and digital<\/td><td>dependencies not mapped<\/td><td>systemic outages<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-14<\/span><\/td><td>Policy<\/td><td>haze, disaster and charter agreements exist<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>coordination across states<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-15<\/span><\/td><td>Science<\/td><td>compound-event and Asia assessment literature<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>translation to members<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: people using safely managed drinking water services (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS) and safely managed sanitation services (SH.STA.SMSS.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: electricity production from fossil fuels (EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS), coal (EG.ELC.COAL.ZS) and hydroelectric sources (EG.ELC.HYRO.ZS), access to electricity (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS) and electric power consumption per capita, ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (2021 for Brunei Darussalam, Singapore and Timor-Leste hydropower and Timor-Leste fossil and coal). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>ASEAN Centre for Energy (ed.), The 8th ASEAN Energy Outlook (publication page, 26 September 2024). ACE, Jakarta. Observation year 2022 (base year) with projections to 2050. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: cereal production (AG.PRD.CREL.MT), cereal yield, agricultural land, agriculture value added and employment in agriculture (SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (production) and 2025 (employment). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: forest area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), terrestrial protected areas (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS) and total protected areas (ER.PTD.TOTL.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (forest) and 2025 (protected areas). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Alert20260826: Activation of Alert Level 3 for the Southern ASEAN Region (alert page; NOAA-20 hotspot counts for 24 and 25 August 2026). ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: renewable internal freshwater resources per capita (ER.H2O.INTR.PC) and freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources (ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Mekong River Commission (ed.), About the Mekong River Commission (page opened: established in 1995 on the Mekong Agreement; members Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam). MRC Secretariat, Vientiane. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: prevalence of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h81\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.nutrition.chronic-undernutrition\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency\" data-td=\"Long-term poor nutrition and repeated infection in early childhood that stunt growth and brain development, reducing lifelong health, learning and earnings.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H81\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/health\/\" data-txl=\"Health and biosecurity\">stunting<\/a> (SH.STA.STNT.ZS), under-five mortality (SH.DYN.MORT), tuberculosis incidence (SH.TBS.INCD), current health expenditure (SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS) and mortality attributed to air pollution (SH.STA.AIRP.P5), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2019 (air pollution), 2023 (health expenditure) and 2024 (mortality, tuberculosis); stunting years differ by state, 2000 to 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/energy-nexus\/\" data-tal=\"Energy Nexus\">Extreme heat<\/a> and rainfall, glacier loss and record ocean heat impact Asia in 2025 (media release on the State of the Climate in Asia 2025, 17 June 2026). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>United States Geological Survey (ed.), M 7.7 2025 Mandalay, Burma (Myanmar) <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a>: event record and impact summary (28 March 2025, PAGER alert red). USGS, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>United Nations Development Programme (ed.), Human Development Report 2025: composite indices time series (Human Development Index, life expectancy, schooling, gross national income per capita, 2023 values for the ASEAN states). UNDP, New York. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: urban population share (SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS), population aged 65 and above, population density, population growth and urban population living in slums, ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025 (2022 for slums, 2024 for density). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Sentinel Asia (ed.), Flood and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h19\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.slope.slide\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Slope failure and mass movement\" data-td=\"A mass of soil or rock moving downslope along a defined shear surface, from slow creep to sudden failure.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H19\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\">Landslide<\/a> in North Sumatra, Indonesia on 28 November 2025 (emergency observation record). Sentinel Asia secretariat. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ASEAN (ed.), ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution, 2002. ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta. Observation year 2002. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ASEAN (ed.), ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response, 2005. ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta. Observation year 2005. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ASEAN (ed.), Charter of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, 2007. ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta. Observation year 2007. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: H.-O. P\u00f6rtner et al. (eds.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC, chapter on Asia. IPCC, Geneva, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c3-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-risk-and-capability\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/\">ASEAN 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 4<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Risks and capability<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Four regional risk objects open the portfolio. Order carries no rank. Each is read across driver, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, cascade and consequence; loss metrics are added only where they can be modelled.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>4 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>12 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.1<\/span><span>Risk objects<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each risk is read across the chain from hazard to consequence, with its status and evidence-quality level.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-ASN-CLI-001<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Cross-border flood and storm season<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>monsoon rainfall and tropical cyclones<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>river corridors, coastal cities and delta farmland<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>flood defences and drainage not bound<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>AHA Centre coordination; documented<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 INF, FIN, HLT<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>annual<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-ASN-CLI-002<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Fire haze in a dry season<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>dry weather and peat and forest fires<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>cities and rural areas downwind of the fires<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>smoke exposure by member not bound<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>regional alert system and haze agreement<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup>; performance not bound<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 HLT \u2192 ENE peak<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>seasonal<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-ASN-ENE-003<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Fuel and grid stress in coal- and gas-reliant systems<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>price spike, supply change or heat-driven demand<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>power, industry and cooling<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>cross-border flows and fuel stocks not bound<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>energy centre and grid programme exist<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup>; performance not bound<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>TRD \u2192 ENE \u2192 FOO, FIN<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1\u20135 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-ASN-CLI-004<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Earthquake and building damage across borders<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>strike-slip rupture on a plate boundary<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>cities with high-rise buildings and weak housing stock<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>building condition not bound<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>disaster response exercises held<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup>; field performance not bound<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 INF \u2192 HLT, FIN<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>event-driven<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.2<\/span><span>Capability ladder<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Existence is not readiness. Each of the fifteen capability functions is placed on the ladder by the strongest public evidence at the regional level, from a policy listing to performance in real events.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 4.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Capabilities on the ladder of evidence: listed, exists, demonstrated, tested<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Function<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rung<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Level<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Strongest public evidence at baseline<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Prevention and mitigation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a> is the international frame<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup>; member commitments and delivery not read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoring and observation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>WMO, USGS and the regional meteorological centre publish records<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>haze alert levels are issued for the southern ASEAN region<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup>; flood warning exchange not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preparedness and planning<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>regional disaster management agreement and <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> exist<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup>; delivery not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Redundancy and reserves<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: staple stocks and fuel stocks \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Response<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>regional disaster response simulation held in July 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup>; field performance not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Continuity of critical services<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: utility and operator records \u00b7 blocker: not published<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recovery<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: recovery agency and insurer records \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adaptation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>IPCC regional assessment describes options<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup>; delivery by member not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Social protection<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: income-support and disaster-payment records \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance and insurance<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: insurer and reinsurer loss data \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Institutional coordination<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>the AHA Centre, the energy centre and the Mekong River Commission exist<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup>; performance not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Technical infrastructure<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: asset-condition registers \u00b7 blocker: not published<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Workforce<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: health and emergency workforce registers \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Research capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>compound-event and regional assessment literature is published<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"4\">A capability listed in policy is not a tested one; each rung is the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management (ed.), AHA Centre home page and events list (mandate, ARDEX-25 of 22 to 24 July 2025, Lower Mekong transboundary flooding workshop of 12 to 15 October 2026). AHA Centre, Jakarta. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Alert20260826: Activation of Alert Level 3 for the Southern ASEAN Region (alert page; NOAA-20 hotspot counts for 24 and 25 August 2026). ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ASEAN (ed.), ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution, 2002. ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta. Observation year 2002. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: ASEAN Centre for Energy (ed.), Home page and publications list (9th ASEAN Energy Outlook listed for October 2026; contents not read). ACE, Jakarta. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: United Nations Framework Convention on <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>, 2015. UNFCCC Secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/energy-nexus\/\" data-tal=\"Energy Nexus\">Extreme heat<\/a> and rainfall, glacier loss and record ocean heat impact Asia in 2025 (media release on the State of the Climate in Asia 2025, 17 June 2026). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>United States Geological Survey (ed.), M 7.7 2025 Mandalay, Burma (Myanmar) <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a>: event record and impact summary (28 March 2025, PAGER alert red). USGS, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ASEAN (ed.), ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response, 2005. ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta. Observation year 2005. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: H.-O. P\u00f6rtner et al. (eds.), Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC, chapter on Asia. IPCC, Geneva, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Mekong River Commission (ed.), About the Mekong River Commission (page opened: established in 1995 on the Mekong Agreement; members Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam). MRC Secretariat, Vientiane. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c4-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-scenario\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/\">ASEAN 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 5<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Strong dry season: fire haze across the southern archipelago and the Malacca Strait<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">A conditional statement under stated assumptions, never a prediction.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>2 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>4 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.1<\/span><span>Assumptions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Scenario SCN-ASN-HAZE-01: what is assumed, and what is held constant.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Baseline<\/dt><dd>the 2026 reference state in this edition<\/dd><dt>Drivers<\/dt><dd>an extended dry season with widespread fires, high urban heat and high power demand<\/dd><dt>Analogues<\/dt><dd>haze alerts of July 2025 and August 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup>; fine-particle exposure<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> lifeline failure for cascading infrastructure effects<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Interventions<\/dt><dd>none modelled, the specification describes the unmitigated case<\/dd><dt>Run state<\/dt><dd>narrative specification; quantified Foundry run scheduled for Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.2<\/span><span>The cascade, step by step<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">smoke raises fine-particle exposure and clinic demand downwind of the fires<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">haze 2025 and 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-n48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 ENE<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">heat raises cooling demand while smoke reduces solar output<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">no analogue bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">ENE \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">peak demand meets constrained fuel and grid capacity<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">no analogue bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">INF \u2192 all<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">a power or water failure spreads to services<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">HLT \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">losses fall on households, insurers and budgets<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">loss series not bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">FIN \u2192 recovery<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">rebuilding slows where cover is thin<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">loss series not bound<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.3<\/span><span>The scenario as a table of steps<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">How the shock in scenario SCN-ASN-HAZE-01 would travel through ASEAN&#8217;s coupled <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, step by step, under the assumptions the edition states.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Climate to health<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Smoke raises fine-particle exposure and clinic demand downwind of the fires. Analogue or source: haze 2025 and 2026 [48] [23].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-ASN, scenario SCN-ASN-HAZE-01, step 1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 Climate to energy<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Heat raises cooling demand while smoke reduces solar output. Analogue or source: no analogue bound.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-ASN, scenario SCN-ASN-HAZE-01, step 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 Energy to infrastructure<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Peak demand meets constrained fuel and grid capacity. Analogue or source: no analogue bound.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-ASN, scenario SCN-ASN-HAZE-01, step 3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 Infrastructure to all<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A power or water failure spreads to services. Analogue or source: <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> 2025 [17].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-ASN, scenario SCN-ASN-HAZE-01, step 4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 Health to finance<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Losses fall on households, insurers and budgets. Analogue or source: loss series not bound.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-ASN, scenario SCN-ASN-HAZE-01, step 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Finance to recovery<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Rebuilding slows where cover is thin. Analogue or source: loss series not bound.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-ASN, scenario SCN-ASN-HAZE-01, step 6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of a conditional scenario under the edition&#8217;s stated assumptions: not a forecast, not a prediction and not a warning. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/scenario\/\" rel=\"noopener\">ASEAN 2026, scenario SCN-ASN-HAZE-01<\/a> (2026); ASEAN 2026, references (NR-CIT-1) (2026).<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Alert20260826: Activation of Alert Level 3 for the Southern ASEAN Region (alert page; NOAA-20 hotspot counts for 24 and 25 August 2026). ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Review of Regional Haze Situation for July 2025. ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>United States Geological Survey (ed.), M 7.7 2025 Mandalay, Burma (Myanmar) <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a>: event record and impact summary (28 March 2025, PAGER alert red). USGS, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c5-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-lenses-and-readings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/\">ASEAN 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 6<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Readings from the other desks<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The regional baseline is read through each steward\u2019s lens, then once as a whole. Each lens is a projection of reviewed findings, not a separate argument. The other desks&#8217; own editions of this subject are listed first, as cross-references, not copies.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>14 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>8 tables<\/span><span>36 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.1<\/span><span>The other desks&#8217; editions of this subject<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Federation: each desk writes its own edition for the subjects in its remit. Until a desk releases, its edition shows its frame and the reading this edition printed for it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Desk<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-host=\"true\"><th scope=\"row\">GCRI Systems Evidence<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRF Public Deliberation<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRA Capital Readiness<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Standards Progress<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Academy Capability<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Index Measurement<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.2<\/span><span>Three lenses<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">One edition, read by each steward. The lens of this site comes first.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\" data-host=\"true\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of ASEAN risk: heat, flood, smoke and earthquake act on water, energy and health together. Evidence is strongest for population, output, emissions and electricity mix, and weakest for losses, cross-border power flows and the condition of nature.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-002 \u00b7 CLI-005 \u00b7 ENE-007 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRF \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as a flood, a smoke day or a price change. The baseline asks that public debate weigh how shared seas, rivers and an airshed make one member\u2019s event another member\u2019s problem.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-003 \u00b7 HLT-006 \u00b7 CLI-005<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRA \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Flood and earthquake loss series by member are not bound, which shows where finance-readiness evidence will matter. Nothing here is advice, a rating or an endorsement.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-003 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>ASEAN publishes strong series on output and energy and a clear haze alert system. The 2027 programme should bind loss, cross-border power and land-use emissions data, test the dry season scenario, and measure the condition of nature.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">SYS-012 \u00b7 A-01 \u00b7 A-02<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.3<\/span><span>Standards, Academy and steward contributions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">How the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> drafts, the Risk Academy and the three stewards feed each quarterly edition for ASEAN. The standards are preparatory working drafts (October 2026) and are cited as drafts, never as adopted standards.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The quarterly rhythm every edition follows<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Quarter<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Boundary<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Q1<\/td><td>State and Agenda<\/td><td>What matters this year, and what is the starting position?<\/td><td>observed baseline stays distinct from planned work<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q2<\/td><td>Evidence and Build<\/td><td>What new evidence and capability have been developed?<\/td><td>a configured capability is not a validated result<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q3<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stress Test<\/a> and Readiness<\/td><td>What do scenarios and tests reveal?<\/td><td>simulated loss or performance is not observed impact<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q4<\/td><td>Annual Synthesis and Renewal<\/td><td>What did the year establish, and what changes next?<\/td><td>release follows review, not event publicity deadlines<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Who contributes what each quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Steward or body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contribution route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GCRI Canada<\/td><td>Lead Institution and Consortium Secretariat; publisher of record; technical truth (key T)<\/td><td>science and practice communities \u00b7 GCRI gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Forum (GRF)<\/td><td>leadership, dialogue and the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> programme; public meaning (key M)<\/td><td>policy, Universe and national adoption \u00b7 GRF gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)<\/td><td>finance, insurance and development readiness; capital meaning (key F)<\/td><td>finance and insurance \u00b7 GRA gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nexus Standards<\/td><td>preparatory drafts on vocabulary, hazards, indicators and methods<\/td><td>Standards site \u00b7 working groups HAZ, IND, MTH, FIN, AI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk Academy<\/td><td>learning pathways tied to the agenda questions<\/td><td>Academy gateway \u00b7 learning by review<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ASEAN regional pathway<\/td><td>regional pathway: hubs named in the registry<\/td><td>regional Commons room<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards drafts used in this edition<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Risk vocabulary NRS-C1 (424 terms) for terms in the glossary<\/li><li>Hazard atlas NHS-1 1.1.0 (905 hazards in 120 families) for risk objects<\/li><li>Seven risk classes: global, catastrophic, existential, emerging, planetary, exponential, frontier-tech<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards calendar to watch<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Founding calls from 20 October 2026; working groups meet from 5 November 2026<\/li><li>Inaugural Global Standards Council session, 12 January 2027<\/li><li>Quarterly reviews in March, June, September and December, aligned with each edition<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Nothing here certifies. A Nexus attestation records an evaluation under a mandate; it confers no certification, endorsement or approval. Adoption of any standard in a member country is a decision of that country\u2019s standards body.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.4<\/span><span>GCRI reading: the model card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-p\">GCRI&#8217;s reading of this edition is its model card: what the national model is, what it computes and where it stops. It is printed in full in Annex A, with the methods it belongs to. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/methodology\/\">Annex A, methodology<\/a><\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.5<\/span><span>Global Risks Forum reading: editorial essays<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Four signed essays by the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> editorial team set out the positions this edition takes. They are interpretation, labelled as such; the evidence they draw on is in the findings register.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Smoke, floods and quakes do not stop at a frontier. The baseline treats the shared airshed, river and sea as the units of analysis, with member states as the places where the effects land.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 01<\/h3><p>Risk crosses the border first<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The registry names two member editions for ASEAN. The association has eleven member states. This edition uses totals for all eleven only as a reference group, and never joins them to the region on a code alone.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 02<\/h3><p>An association is not a region<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Electricity mixes range from 85.1% fossil in Indonesia to 75.5% hydropower in Lao PDR. Security depends on the mix, the grid links and the climate that drives both, not on volume alone.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 03<\/h3><p>Supply security is a design question<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Several data that matter most for risk, including cross-border power flows, final disaster tolls and land-use emissions, could not be read at evidence close. The edition shows each gap and the source that would fill it.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 04<\/h3><p>Gaps are findings too<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Essays are signed views of the editorial team. Contributed articles from working groups, consortium institutions and invited experts begin with the Q1 2027 edition, each with its own review route and disclosures.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.6<\/span><span>Global Risks Alliance reading: 2027 regional readiness pack<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The registers that open the 2027 regional cycle. At baseline each is initialised from this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">2027 regional readiness pack<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Register<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First 2027 entry<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>E1<\/td><td>Regional risk state delta<\/td><td>baseline set by this edition<\/td><td>changes against the baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E2<\/td><td>WEFH+B state delta<\/td><td>five regional system readings set<\/td><td>indicator updates and freshness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E3<\/td><td>Agenda and Portfolio movement<\/td><td>eight agenda items \u00b7 7 proposed objects<\/td><td>admission decisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E4<\/td><td>Federation delivery register<\/td><td>editions in programme as listed in the series registry<\/td><td>regional and sector baselines<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E5<\/td><td>Consortium capability register<\/td><td>national consortia forming<\/td><td>first contributions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E6<\/td><td>Leadership questions and challenges<\/td><td>none yet<\/td><td>first challenge log<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E7<\/td><td>Foundry technical state<\/td><td>national environments prepared<\/td><td>first federation cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E8<\/td><td>Publication candidates<\/td><td>twelve findings carried forward<\/td><td>PUBLISH \u00b7 HOLD dispositions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E9<\/td><td>Universe readiness<\/td><td>one candidate mission<\/td><td>admission and role spine<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E10<\/td><td>Correction register<\/td><td>none<\/td><td>first federation-wide cycle<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication dispositions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Publish<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hold<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Needs evidence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Restricted<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Superseded<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Programme progress is not real-world risk improvement. These registers record the work of the Nexus programme; they report on no state or organisation.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.7<\/span><span>Nexus Standards reading: standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Instruments that shape the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in this edition, by status on the retrieval date. The edition assesses no one\u2019s compliance.<\/p><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">IN FORCE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ADOPTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SUBMITTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">UNDER REVIEW<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instrument<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Scope<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Relevance<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ASEAN<\/td><td>ASEAN<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>haze<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ASEAN<\/td><td>ASEAN<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>disaster response<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ASEAN Charter<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ASEAN<\/td><td>ASEAN<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>institutions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Agreement on the Cooperation for the Sustainable Development of the Mekong River Basin<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>MRC member countries<\/td><td>Lower Mekong<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>shared river<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation, Phase II 2021\u20132025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ASEAN energy ministers<\/td><td>ASEAN<\/td><td>PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/td><td>energy targets<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNFCCC<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>emissions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> 2015\u20132030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNDRR<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2015<\/td><td>disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk reduction<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kunming-Montreal Framework<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CBD<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2022<\/td><td>30by30<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Changed since 2024<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Timor-Leste was admitted to ASEAN on 26 October 2025; its adoption of ASEAN agreements is not read here<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The 8th ASEAN Energy Outlook was published on 26 September 2024 and endorsed at the 42nd ASEAN Ministers on Energy Meeting<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The 9th ASEAN Energy Outlook was listed as published in October 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">To watch in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>The energy plan of action for 2026 to 2030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The ASEAN <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 anticipatory-action\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Actions taken ahead of a predicted hazard, on the basis of a forecast or risk analysis, to prevent or reduce its humanitarian impacts before they fully unfold.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">anticipatory action<\/a> protocol, in draft in October 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Implementation of the haze agreement in the 2027 dry season<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Status is read from the issuing body on the retrieval date. A change in status opens a review task for every finding that relies on the instrument.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.8<\/span><span>Risk Academy reading: literature and evidence review: science and assessments<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The review behind this edition covers peer-reviewed science, regional and international assessments and the institutional reports that bind its findings. Full systematic reviews begin in Q1 2027 for each agenda item.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Review protocol<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Question<\/dt><dd>What does the published evidence establish about ASEAN\u2019s coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity risks across its member countries?<\/dd><dt>Sources searched<\/dt><dd>peer-reviewed literature; regional and international assessments; official releases; statutory instruments<\/dd><dt>Window<\/dt><dd>releases available at evidence close, 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Selection<\/dt><dd>sources that bind or contextualise a finding in this edition<\/dd><dt>Next step<\/dt><dd>systematic reviews for agenda items A-01 to A-05 in Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Science and assessments<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>P\u00f6rtner et al. (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>impacts and adaptation in Asia<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zscheischler et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>compound events<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>McElwee et al. (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n44\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>nexus interlinkages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Asia climate assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>agency assessment<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>climate record<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> event record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>agency record<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>hazard<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Institutional reports<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>State of the Climate in Asia 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>WMO<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>temperature, floods<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mandalay <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>USGS<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>earthquake<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8th ASEAN Energy Outlook<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ASEAN Centre for Energy<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>energy targets<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Haze alerts and reviews<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ASMC<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>haze<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IEA<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>energy demand<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Official statistics and regional sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Population and national accounts<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Economic outlook<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IMF<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>macro context<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Human development<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNDP<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Emissions and electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>climate, energy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water, land, agriculture and health<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup> to<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Industry, grid and international sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Renewable energy outlook for ASEAN<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IRENA<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>capacity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Statistical yearbook<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ASEAN Secretariat<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>statistics<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mekong State of the Basin<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>MRC<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>shared basin<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Flood mapping for Sumatra<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Sentinel Asia<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>flood event<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Regional disaster response<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>AHA Centre<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>response<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where the evidence agrees<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Asia is warming and heat, flood and marine heat records are rising<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Compound and sequential hazards load health and services together<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Fine-particle exposure in the region is well above levels seen in high-income members<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where it is unsettled<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>How much of the emissions picture changes when land use is counted, which the series read here excludes<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How fast the energy mix can move while demand grows 2.6 times by 2050 in the baseline scenario<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How many deaths in each season are attributable to smoke and heat<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEWS AND PREPRINTS<\/p><p>No news report or preprint binds a finding in this edition. News is used only to date events; preprints used from Q1 2027 will be flagged as not peer-reviewed.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ASEAN (ed.), ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution, 2002. ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta. Observation year 2002. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ASEAN (ed.), ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response, 2005. ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta. Observation year 2005. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ASEAN (ed.), Charter of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, 2007. ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta. Observation year 2007. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Mekong River Commission (ed.), Agreement on the Cooperation for the Sustainable Development of the Mekong River Basin, 1995 (named on the commission page opened [27]; text not opened). MRC Secretariat, Vientiane. Observation year 1995. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>ASEAN Centre for Energy (ed.), The 8th ASEAN Energy Outlook (publication page, 26 September 2024). ACE, Jakarta. Observation year 2022 (base year) with projections to 2050. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: United Nations Framework Convention on <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>, 2015. UNFCCC Secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Viet Nam News (ed.), ASEAN Summit 47: Timor-Leste officially becomes ASEAN\u2019s 11th member (news report, 26 October 2025). Viet Nam News Agency, Ha Noi. Observation year 2025. A news report, used for the admission date only. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: ASEAN Centre for Energy (ed.), Home page and publications list (9th ASEAN Energy Outlook listed for October 2026; contents not read). ACE, Jakarta. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management (ed.), AHA Centre home page and events list (mandate, ARDEX-25 of 22 to 24 July 2025, Lower Mekong transboundary flooding workshop of 12 to 15 October 2026). AHA Centre, Jakarta. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: H.-O. P\u00f6rtner et al. (eds.), Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC, chapter on Asia. IPCC, Geneva, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 44\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/energy-nexus\/\" data-tal=\"Energy Nexus\">Extreme heat<\/a> and rainfall, glacier loss and record ocean heat impact Asia in 2025 (media release on the State of the Climate in Asia 2025, 17 June 2026). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>United States Geological Survey (ed.), M 7.7 2025 Mandalay, Burma (Myanmar) <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a>: event record and impact summary (28 March 2025, PAGER alert red). USGS, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>ASEAN Centre for Energy (ed.), ACE to guide regional energy transition through the launch of the 8th ASEAN Energy Outlook (press release, 2024). ACE, Jakarta. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Alert20260826: Activation of Alert Level 3 for the Southern ASEAN Region (alert page; NOAA-20 hotspot counts for 24 and 25 August 2026). ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Review of Regional Haze Situation for July 2025. ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Review of Regional Haze Situation for December 2025. ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Energy Agency (ed.), Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2024 (page refused). IEA, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Viet Nam (data service, source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP at current US dollars (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), GDP growth (NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG) and GDP per capita (NY.GDP.PCAP.CD), eleven ASEAN states (source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: International Monetary Fund (ed.), World Economic Outlook, October 2026: real GDP growth, consumer price inflation, GDP in US dollars and current account balance, DataMapper series for the ASEAN states (2025 estimates and 2026 and 2027 projections). IMF, Washington DC. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>United Nations Development Programme (ed.), Human Development Report 2025: composite indices time series (Human Development Index, life expectancy, schooling, gross national income per capita, 2023 values for the ASEAN states). UNDP, New York. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF, AR5 basis (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), eleven ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: renewable energy consumption share of final energy (EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS) and renewable electricity output share (EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2021 (2022 for Lao PDR and Timor-Leste final energy). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: electricity production from fossil fuels (EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS), coal (EG.ELC.COAL.ZS) and hydroelectric sources (EG.ELC.HYRO.ZS), access to electricity (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS) and electric power consumption per capita, ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (2021 for Brunei Darussalam, Singapore and Timor-Leste hydropower and Timor-Leste fossil and coal). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: forest area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), terrestrial protected areas (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS) and total protected areas (ER.PTD.TOTL.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (forest) and 2025 (protected areas). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: poverty headcount at the international line (SI.POV.DDAY) and prevalence of undernourishment (SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (undernourishment) and 2017 to 2025 (poverty, varies by state). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Renewable Energy Agency (ed.), Renewable Energy Outlook for ASEAN, third edition (page refused). IRENA, Abu Dhabi. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ASEAN Secretariat (ed.), ASEAN Statistical Yearbook 2023 (the statistics page returned no content; named only as the series that would hold trade and investment values). ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Mekong River Commission (ed.), Mekong River Basin State of the Basin Report 2023 (dry-season share of flow at Chiang Saen taken from a search summary). MRC Secretariat, Vientiane. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Sentinel Asia (ed.), Flood and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h19\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.slope.slide\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Slope failure and mass movement\" data-td=\"A mass of soil or rock moving downslope along a defined shear surface, from slow creep to sudden failure.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H19\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\">Landslide<\/a> in North Sumatra, Indonesia on 28 November 2025 (emergency observation record). Sentinel Asia secretariat. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: prevalence of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h81\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.nutrition.chronic-undernutrition\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency\" data-td=\"Long-term poor nutrition and repeated infection in early childhood that stunt growth and brain development, reducing lifelong health, learning and earnings.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H81\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/health\/\" data-txl=\"Health and biosecurity\">stunting<\/a> (SH.STA.STNT.ZS), under-five mortality (SH.DYN.MORT), tuberculosis incidence (SH.TBS.INCD), current health expenditure (SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS) and mortality attributed to air pollution (SH.STA.AIRP.P5), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2019 (air pollution), 2023 (health expenditure) and 2024 (mortality, tuberculosis); stunting years differ by state, 2000 to 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-agenda\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/\">ASEAN 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 7<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">The 2027 agenda<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Eight bounded questions open the 2027 Regional Agenda. Each comes from a baseline finding, names the initiative that will carry it and the first output due at the Q1 2027 cut.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>6 tables<\/span><span>5 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.1<\/span><span>Questions for the operational series<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How would a strong dry season load air quality, health services and power <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> across the southern archipelago and the Malacca Strait?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-ASN-CLI-01 \u00b7 compound dry season; first output: dependency graph for the southern airshed.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How is the energy transition proceeding in systems that still rely on coal and gas?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-ASN-ENE-02 \u00b7 energy transition and supply; first output: power-mix and capacity register.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How do flows on the Mekong reach farming, fisheries and power?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-ASN-WAT-03 \u00b7 shared rivers; first output: basin performance note for the Lower Mekong.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How much of the fine-particle burden comes from smoke, and how many deaths follow?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-ASN-HLT-04 \u00b7 haze and health; first output: attribution baseline for two members.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Where do flood and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> losses fall between insurers, households and public budgets?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-ASN-FIN-05 \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a>; first output: peril-by-member loss table.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How are forests and coastal ecosystems changing, and how is condition measured across members?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-ASN-BIO-01 \u00b7 workstream; first output: condition indicator note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How exposed are rice and staple supplies to concurrent drought, heat and price shocks?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in Q1 2027; first output: scoping note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which capabilities have been tested in real events, and which are only documented?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">Regional capability register; first output: rung evidence for 15 functions.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.2<\/span><span>Portfolio proposed for the Q1 2027 alignment<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Six initiatives and one Universe mission candidate are proposed for the 2027 regional portfolio. They are programme objects, no partner, funder or member is attached to them in this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Objects proposed for the first operational quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Object<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-ASN-CLI-01<\/span><\/td><td>Compound dry season: smoke, heat and power<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-ASN-ENE-02<\/span><\/td><td>Energy transition and supply security<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-02<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-ASN-WAT-03<\/span><\/td><td>Shared rivers and the Mekong<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-03<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-ASN-HLT-04<\/span><\/td><td>Haze and health attribution<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-04<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-ASN-FIN-05<\/span><\/td><td>Flood and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-05<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PRJ-ASN-CLI-01a<\/span><\/td><td>Southern airshed compound dry season dependency graph<\/td><td>Project<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MSN-ASN-2027-01<\/span><\/td><td>Smoke, heat and power Universe mission<\/td><td>Mission<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.3<\/span><span>The pathway<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The ASEAN regional pathway is the route through which the Nexus operating system will read ASEAN as one region from 2027. At baseline the pathway is designed and its hubs are named in the series registry; its working arrangements are set from Q1 2027. This page states what exists today and what comes next, nothing more.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Foundries<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">continuous national evidence environments<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">PREPARED \u00b7 first sealed cuts in Q1 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Models and Portfolios<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">each country as a system of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANADA v0 ISSUED \u00b7 25 further national baselines<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Quarterly national reports<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">State &amp; Agenda, Evidence, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stress Test<\/a>, Annual<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE STAGE \u00b7 Q1 2027 opens the series<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Regional aggregation<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">ASEAN as one of ten regional clusters<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">THIS EDITION \u00b7 annual regional cut from 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Global sector and strategic models<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">GS-01\u202615 \u00b7 SR-01\u202614 \u00b7 XT-01\u202620<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">49 PLANNED \u00b7 pilots: GS-01, SR-01, XT-01<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Universe<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">annual proving environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANDIDATE MISSION \u00b7 global mandate in 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Global Report<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">this series<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE ISSUED \u00b7 2027 annual edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Evidence and correction<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">one graph, many projections<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">OPEN \u00b7 first federation-wide correction cycle in 2027<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.4<\/span><span>Universe 2027: evidence pack for the regional candidate mission<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Mandate<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Core Build \u00b7 1 month<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Action \u00b7 1 week<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Evidence seal<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Portfolio correction<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Next mandate<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Universe 2027: evidence pack for the regional candidate mission<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Record<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Timing<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>F1<\/td><td>Annual mandate record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>after the Q2 2027 alignment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F2<\/td><td>Core Build record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>one month before the exercise<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F3<\/td><td>Exercise evidence<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>during the Action week<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F4<\/td><td>Decision packets<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>exercise state only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F5<\/td><td>Proof receipts<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>scoped to each recorded check<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F6<\/td><td>After-action report<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>within one quarter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F7<\/td><td>Upgrade docket<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>routed to the Portfolio<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F8<\/td><td>Portfolio renewal<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>2027 regional annual edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F9<\/td><td>Public synthesis<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>public-safe extracts only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Mission<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>ID<\/dt><dd>MSN-ASN-2027-01 \u00b7 Smoke, heat and power Universe mission<\/dd><dt>Role spine<\/dt><dd>Leadership sponsor (NLC) \u00b7 Institutional anchor (NNC) \u00b7 Mission lead (NWG)<\/dd><dt>Receiving actors<\/dt><dd>to be identified with the mandate<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Simulation success is not deployment approval; demonstration is not certification; finance readiness is not financing secured.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.5<\/span><span>Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Where the baseline\u2019s findings go next. A handoff routes a finding for awareness, review or work; it transfers no authority.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Finding<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Routed to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Purpose<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>SYS-001 \u00b7 population and output<\/td><td>public record<\/td><td>reference for the 2027 series<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CLI-003 \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> 2025<\/td><td>INI-ASN-FIN-05<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a> table<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CLI-005 \u00b7 haze alerts<\/td><td>INI-ASN-CLI-01<\/td><td>compound dry season graph<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HLT-006 \u00b7 fine particles<\/td><td>INI-ASN-HLT-04<\/td><td>haze and health attribution<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ENE-007 \u00b7 electricity mix<\/td><td>INI-ASN-ENE-02<\/td><td>energy transition and supply<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WAT-009 \u00b7 freshwater and drinking water<\/td><td>INI-ASN-WAT-03<\/td><td>shared rivers<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>BIO-011 \u00b7 forest and protection<\/td><td>INI-ASN-BIO-01<\/td><td>condition indicator<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SYS-012 \u00b7 compound pathway<\/td><td>MSN-ASN-2027-01<\/td><td>Universe candidate<\/td><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Routing rules by publication class<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Where it goes<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Who can see it<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>PUBLIC<\/td><td>the published edition and its evidence bundle<\/td><td>anyone<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><td>governed rooms of the federation<\/td><td>consortium members under agreement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONTROLLED<\/td><td>need-to-know channels<\/td><td>named competent actors only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Handoffs carry findings to Nexus programme objects and steward reviews. States and organisations receive public editions as published; nothing here instructs them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.6<\/span><span>Feeds and signal register<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Feeds watched from Q1 2027<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Feed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Producer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Latency<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Feeds into<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Haze alert levels and hotspots<\/td><td>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre<\/td><td>daily to monthly<\/td><td>CLI-005<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.tsunami\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A train of long sea waves from a sudden displacement of the sea floor or water column, flooding coasts even far from the source.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">tsunami<\/a> records<\/td><td>US Geological Survey<\/td><td>event-driven<\/td><td>CLI-003<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Flood and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h19\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.slope.slide\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Slope failure and mass movement\" data-td=\"A mass of soil or rock moving downslope along a defined shear surface, from slow creep to sudden failure.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H19\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\">landslide<\/a> mapping<\/td><td>Sentinel Asia<\/td><td>event-driven<\/td><td>CLI-004<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population and national accounts<\/td><td>World Bank and IMF<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Greenhouse gas series<\/td><td>World Bank and national inventories<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI-008<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity and energy outlook<\/td><td>ASEAN Centre for Energy<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>ENE-007<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mekong flows<\/td><td>Mekong River Commission<\/td><td>weekly in season<\/td><td>WAT-009<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Escalation routes<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">none \u00b7 keep monitoring<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">research question<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">project<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">risk object<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">quarterly publication<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">signal report<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Signals at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Signal<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Corroboration<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>SIG-ASN-001<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> of March 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 INF<\/td><td>risk object RSK-ASN-CLI-004<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-ASN-002<\/td><td>Haze alerts of 2025 and 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 HLT<\/td><td>research question A-04<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-ASN-003<\/td><td>Floods of 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 WAT<\/td><td>research question A-03<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A signal is not a warning. Signal records never substitute for official alerting or early-warning authorities, and they bypass no publication control.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>United States Geological Survey (ed.), M 7.7 2025 Mandalay, Burma (Myanmar) <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a>: event record and impact summary (28 March 2025, PAGER alert red). USGS, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Alert20260826: Activation of Alert Level 3 for the Southern ASEAN Region (alert page; NOAA-20 hotspot counts for 24 and 25 August 2026). ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Review of Regional Haze Situation for July 2025. ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/energy-nexus\/\" data-tal=\"Energy Nexus\">Extreme heat<\/a> and rainfall, glacier loss and record ocean heat impact Asia in 2025 (media release on the State of the Climate in Asia 2025, 17 June 2026). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Sentinel Asia (ed.), Flood and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h19\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.slope.slide\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Slope failure and mass movement\" data-td=\"A mass of soil or rock moving downslope along a defined shear surface, from slow creep to sudden failure.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H19\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\">Landslide<\/a> in North Sumatra, Indonesia on 28 November 2025 (emergency observation record). Sentinel Asia secretariat. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c7-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-systems-in-depth\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/\">ASEAN 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 8<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems in depth<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">One section per system: its state at evidence close, its exposures and what the operational series will watch.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>5 tables<\/span><span>16 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.1<\/span><span>Member countries: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The member editions named in the series registry, Indonesia and Singapore, read side by side on the same indicators. The other nine member states of the association are a reference group: they have no edition in the registry and are never joined to the region on a code alone.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">700.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>people in the eleven states, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">3,228<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>emissions excluding land use, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4.27<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">US$ trillion<\/span><p>combined output, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Member system cards at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Member<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Indonesia<\/td><td>population 285.7 million; output US$1.45 trillion; emissions 1,323.8 Mt; fossil 85.1% of electricity; forest 50.7% of land; safely managed drinking water 30.5%<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Singapore<\/td><td>population 6.1 million; output US$603.9 billion; emissions 76.1 Mt; fossil 94.3% of electricity; 106 m\u00b3 of renewable freshwater per person<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reference group<\/td><td>eleven-state totals: 700.3 million people; US$4.27 trillion; 3,228.3 Mt; Indonesia holds 40.8% of the people<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings across members<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 HLT through smoke from the southern archipelago<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 ENE through fuel markets and the regional grid programme<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 WAT across the Lower Mekong and the Malacca Strait<\/li><li>FIN \u2190 CLI losses carried by insurers across borders<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>member emissions including land use<\/li><li>flood loss and heat death series by member<\/li><li>daily smoke readings by member<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>The 2026 greenhouse gas releases, the next haze alert changes and the flood-loss series by member<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Each member keeps ownership of its own edition. This chapter compares indicators; it assesses no member and builds no league table.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.2<\/span><span>Shared basins and grids: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Shared seas, rivers, an airshed and power links carry risk across member borders. This chapter names each system, the states involved and the evidence read at baseline. Rows without a source are designed empty states.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">states<\/span><p>ASEAN member states since 26 October 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">countries<\/span><p>in the Mekong River Commission<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">alert level<\/span><p>southern ASEAN, 26 August 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Shared basins and seas<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Basin<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Members involved<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Southern ASEAN airshed<\/td><td>Indonesia and Singapore as registry members; Malaysia downwind of Sumatra and Kalimantan<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lower Mekong<\/td><td>Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam are the commission members; no registry member<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mekong seasonal flow split<\/td><td>the split of annual flow between dry and flood seasons is reported in the State of the Basin report, which was not opened<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Malacca Strait<\/td><td>Indonesia and Singapore, with Malaysia; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Cyclone<\/a> Senyar formed here in November 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Shared grids and gas networks<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Grid<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Members involved<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>ASEAN Power Grid<\/td><td>a programme area of the energy centre; flows and capacity not bound<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Regional fuel markets<\/td><td>the baseline scenario of the energy outlook has the region as a net gas importer from 2027<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hydropower in the Mekong states<\/td><td>hydropower supplied 75.5% of electricity in Lao PDR and 38.5% in Cambodia in 2024<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Disaster coordination network<\/td><td>the AHA Centre coordinates responses among member states; field performance not bound<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings through shared systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 HLT smoke across borders<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 ENE flow variation into hydropower<\/li><li>TRD \u2192 ENE fuel route change into power prices<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 INF an <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> or storm crossing borders<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>hotspot counts and smoke readings by member<\/li><li>Mekong dry-season flow series<\/li><li>cross-border power flows and capacity<\/li><li>fuel stocks<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>The next haze alert changes, the AHA Centre\u2019s transboundary flood work for the Lower Mekong and the 9th energy outlook<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>The regional meteorological centre, the river commission and the energy centre hold these mandates. This chapter assesses none of them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.3<\/span><span>Hub list: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The hubs the series registry names for this region and for its member countries. The list is read from the registry, so a change there changes this page.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Registry<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Regional hubs<\/dt><dd>Singapore<\/dd><dt>Desks with a remit<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 GRX<\/dd><dt>Registry record<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Member hubs as the registry names them<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Hub<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Member<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Registry role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Member edition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>not named in the registry<\/td><td>Indonesia<\/td><td>G20<\/td><td>in preparation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Singapore<\/td><td>Singapore<\/td><td>Hub \u00b7 seat<\/td><td>in preparation<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What a hub does in this series<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Hub terms of reference are not set at baseline<\/li><li>Hub contact points are not named at baseline<\/li><li>The registry names the hubs and the desks with a remit; working arrangements follow from Q1 2027<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A hub is a place named in the registry. It is not an institution, an office or a mandate, and it gives no authority over any member.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.4<\/span><span>Regional pathway: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The regional pathway is the route through which the series will read ASEAN as one region from 2027. This page states what exists today and what comes next. It does not describe any body that has not been constituted.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The regional pathway at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Stage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What exists today<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Regional hub<\/td><td>Singapore is named in the series registry<\/td><td>NAMED<\/td><td>terms set from Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Desks<\/td><td>GCRI, GRF and GRX hold the remit for regional editions in the registry<\/td><td>NAMED<\/td><td>work plan for Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence graph<\/td><td>member and regional findings share identifiers<\/td><td>PREPARED<\/td><td>first sealed cut NQ-REG-ASN-2027-Q1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Member editions<\/td><td>Indonesia in preparation; Singapore in preparation<\/td><td>MIXED<\/td><td>review through the chain before release<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Open at baseline<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Constitution of any regional council or working group<\/li><li>Hub terms of reference and contact points<\/li><li>The route from the two registry members to the other nine member states of the association<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Decisions that rest elsewhere<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Energy, water and health policy rest with national authorities and ASEAN bodies<\/li><li>ASEAN agreements are made by member states; this edition cites them and decides nothing<\/li><li>Membership of the association is a decision of its member states and is not set by the registry<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>The pathway is a design. It does not set priorities for a government or an association and assesses no authority.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Viet Nam (data service, source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF, AR5 basis (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), eleven ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP at current US dollars (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), GDP growth (NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG) and GDP per capita (NY.GDP.PCAP.CD), eleven ASEAN states (source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: electricity production from fossil fuels (EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS), coal (EG.ELC.COAL.ZS) and hydroelectric sources (EG.ELC.HYRO.ZS), access to electricity (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS) and electric power consumption per capita, ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (2021 for Brunei Darussalam, Singapore and Timor-Leste hydropower and Timor-Leste fossil and coal). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: forest area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), terrestrial protected areas (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS) and total protected areas (ER.PTD.TOTL.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (forest) and 2025 (protected areas). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: people using safely managed drinking water services (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS) and safely managed sanitation services (SH.STA.SMSS.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: renewable internal freshwater resources per capita (ER.H2O.INTR.PC) and freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources (ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Alert20260826: Activation of Alert Level 3 for the Southern ASEAN Region (alert page; NOAA-20 hotspot counts for 24 and 25 August 2026). ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Viet Nam News (ed.), ASEAN Summit 47: Timor-Leste officially becomes ASEAN\u2019s 11th member (news report, 26 October 2025). Viet Nam News Agency, Ha Noi. Observation year 2025. A news report, used for the admission date only. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Mekong River Commission (ed.), About the Mekong River Commission (page opened: established in 1995 on the Mekong Agreement; members Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam). MRC Secretariat, Vientiane. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Review of Regional Haze Situation for July 2025. ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Mekong River Commission (ed.), Mekong River Basin State of the Basin Report 2023 (dry-season share of flow at Chiang Saen taken from a search summary). MRC Secretariat, Vientiane. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Sentinel Asia (ed.), Flood and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h19\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.slope.slide\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Slope failure and mass movement\" data-td=\"A mass of soil or rock moving downslope along a defined shear surface, from slow creep to sudden failure.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H19\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\">Landslide<\/a> in North Sumatra, Indonesia on 28 November 2025 (emergency observation record). Sentinel Asia secretariat. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: ASEAN Centre for Energy (ed.), Home page and publications list (9th ASEAN Energy Outlook listed for October 2026; contents not read). ACE, Jakarta. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>ASEAN Centre for Energy (ed.), The 8th ASEAN Energy Outlook (publication page, 26 September 2024). ACE, Jakarta. Observation year 2022 (base year) with projections to 2050. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management (ed.), AHA Centre home page and events list (mandate, ARDEX-25 of 22 to 24 July 2025, Lower Mekong transboundary flooding workshop of 12 to 15 October 2026). AHA Centre, Jakarta. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-methodology\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/\">ASEAN 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex A<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Methodology<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">How the edition was made: methods, the model card, the evidence cut and its age, the acceptance record and the glossary.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>13 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>13 tables<\/span><span>15 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.1<\/span><span>Methods<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The regional baseline uses published values and four simple derivations. Each is shown in full so that any reader can reproduce it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Methods<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">No.<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Derivation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Calculation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Result<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>(1)<\/td><td>Eleven-state population, 2025<\/td><td>sum of eleven national series<\/td><td>700.3 million<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(2)<\/td><td>Eleven-state output at current prices, 2025<\/td><td>sum of eleven national series<\/td><td>US$4.27 trillion<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(3)<\/td><td>Eleven-state emissions excluding land use, 2024<\/td><td>sum of eleven national series<\/td><td>3,228.3 Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(4)<\/td><td>Indonesia\u2019s share of eleven-state emissions, 2024<\/td><td>1,323.8 \u00f7 3,228.3<\/td><td>41.0%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(5)<\/td><td>Indonesia\u2019s share of eleven-state population, 2025<\/td><td>285.7 \u00f7 700.3<\/td><td>40.8%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(6)<\/td><td>Ten-state cereal production, 2024<\/td><td>sum of ten national series; Singapore not reported<\/td><td>234.2 Mt<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling strength scale (matrix and model card)<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Strength<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>STRONG<\/td><td>a disruption in the source system has historically changed the target system\u2019s service or output within one season, in more than one region<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MODERATE<\/td><td>an effect is documented but buffered or slower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEAK<\/td><td>an effect is plausible but not documented at regional scale<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Status grammar<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rule<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>value as issued by its source, with year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>reasoned from cited evidence; never a measurement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus analytical value with stated method<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>conditional on stated assumptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>structured editorial judgement awaiting evidence<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.2<\/span><span>Model card: Regional System Model v0<\/span><\/h2><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model ID<\/dt><dd>MDL-ASN-REGIONAL \u00b7 v0.1<\/dd><dt>Purpose<\/dt><dd>represent ASEAN as coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> across member countries, with forcing and transmission layers<\/dd><dt>Family<\/dt><dd>graph-based system of systems<\/dd><dt>Inputs<\/dt><dd>the cited sources of this edition; no proprietary data<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>expert-specified coupling strengths (STRONG \u00b7 MODERATE \u00b7 WEAK) from assessments and analogue events<\/dd><dt>Validation<\/dt><dd>none yet, first validation against federation evidence in 2027<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>qualitative; strengths are hypotheses, not measurements<\/dd><dt>Domain of validity<\/dt><dd>regional scale; not for national, basin or asset-level use<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>strength table and sources published in this edition<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">couplings<\/span><p>typed in v0<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strong<\/span><p>documented within one season<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">moderate<\/span><p>documented, buffered<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">weak<\/span><p>plausible, undocumented<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>framing the 2027 agenda; choosing which couplings to measure first; explaining the coupled reading of risk in ASEAN.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOT SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>quantitative loss estimates, country comparisons or rankings, operational decisions, or any claim about a specific asset.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">VERSIONING<\/p><p>Models are immutable by version. A change to any coupling, rule or weight produces v0.2 with its own card and correction note.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.3<\/span><span>The baseline evidence cut<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Every Nexus edition is published from a frozen evidence cut. The regional baseline cut is documentary: it pins the exact edition of every source cited. Federation cuts begin with the first national Foundry cuts in 2027.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Cut ID<\/dt><dd>NQ-REG-ASN-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Type<\/dt><dd>baseline documentary cut<\/dd><dt>Resolution policy<\/dt><dd>pinned \u00b7 as of 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Sources pinned<\/dt><dd>48 cited sources, each at the edition and access date in the references<\/dd><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>none at baseline, analytical values are stated with their method<\/dd><dt>Digest<\/dt><dd>computed at <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.hard-freeze\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"Air temperature falling well below freezing for hours, killing crops, bursting pipes and stopping water flow.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">freeze<\/a> and recorded in the publication record<\/dd><dt>Supersedes<\/dt><dd>nothing, first cut of the series<\/dd><dt>Superseded by<\/dt><dd>NQ-REG-ASN-2027-Q1-1 at the Q1 2027 close<\/dd><\/dl><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Lineage<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">source edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">pinned citation<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">finding<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">page<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">publication record<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">From the baseline cut to the federation cut<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Element<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2027 regional annual<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Sources<\/td><td>cited publications, pinned by edition<\/td><td>national, regional and sector cuts through one graph<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Analysis<\/td><td>stated methods and editorial estimates<\/td><td>typed analysis specifications<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Models<\/td><td>Regional System Model v0 specification<\/td><td>model runs with receipts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Findings<\/td><td>twelve baseline findings<\/td><td>findings re-bound to federation evidence<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Review<\/td><td>five passes scheduled<\/td><td>five passes on the exact digest<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.4<\/span><span>Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A 2026 edition rests on evidence observed in many different years. This page shows each time base, so that no single year label hides older evidence.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Observed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Released<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next release<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Population<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Oct 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National accounts<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Oct 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Economic projections<\/td><td>2026 to 2027<\/td><td>Oct 2026<\/td><td>twice a year<\/td><td>April 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Human development<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>not recorded<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Greenhouse gases<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>Oct 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity mix<\/td><td>2021 to 2024<\/td><td>Oct 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy outlook, 8th edition<\/td><td>2022 base<\/td><td>Sep 2024<\/td><td>not recorded<\/td><td>the 9th edition is listed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Asia climate assessment<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Jun 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Haze alert level<\/td><td>Oct 2026<\/td><td>29 Oct 2026<\/td><td>continuous<\/td><td>continuous<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coverage by system at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Thinnest dimension<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Climate and hazards<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>final tolls; land-use emissions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>9th outlook figures; cross-border flows<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>Mekong flow series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>staple stocks and prices<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>dengue, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h38\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.vector-borne.malaria-resurgence\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Vector-borne infection\" data-td=\"Rising malaria transmission after climate shifts, conflict, funding gaps or drug and insecticide resistance.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H38\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/health\/\" data-txl=\"Health and biosecurity\">malaria<\/a> and heat deaths<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>marine protection; condition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>insured and uninsured losses; trade<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Digital<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>dependency mapping<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Designed empty states: what is not bound, what would fill it and why<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Field<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source that would fill it<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Blocker<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Final deaths and affected population of the November 2025 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Cyclone<\/a> Senyar floods in Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia<\/td><td>national disaster agencies and the AHA Centre<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the page read gave an interim count for Indonesia that was still rising; no final national totals were retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hotspot counts and daily smoke readings by member for the 2025 and 2026 haze seasons<\/td><td>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre monthly reviews<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the reviews show counts in charts only, with no transcribed values<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Emissions from land use, land-use change and forestry for ASEAN states<\/td><td>national inventories submitted to the UNFCCC<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>not retrieved; the World Bank series read excludes land use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Headline figures of the 9th ASEAN Energy Outlook<\/td><td>ASEAN Centre for Energy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the publication is listed as released in October 2026; its content was not read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ASEAN installed power capacity and renewable share for 2023 to 2025<\/td><td>ASEAN Centre for Energy and IRENA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the outlook pages read give a 2022 base and projections only; the IRENA page was refused<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cross-border power flows and capacity on the ASEAN Power Grid<\/td><td>ASEAN Centre for Energy, grid operators<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the page lists the programme without figures<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Intra-ASEAN trade, foreign direct investment and food trade<\/td><td>ASEAN Secretariat statistical series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the yearbook page returned no content on 2026-11-03<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Flood damage and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 insured-loss\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The part of economic loss that is covered by insurance.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">insured loss<\/a> series for 2025, by member<\/td><td>national agencies, insurers and reinsurers<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>not retrieved; the Viet Nam loss in<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup> is a single-country estimate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mekong flow, fisheries and drought indicators for 2025 and 2026<\/td><td>Mekong River Commission<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the State of the Basin report was not opened; weekly bulletins were not read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h75\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive.heat-illness-surge\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Climate-sensitive illness\" data-td=\"A rise in heatstroke, dehydration and heat-worsened heart, lung and kidney illness during hot spells, overwhelming emergency care and killing older and isolated people.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H75\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/health\/\" data-txl=\"Health and biosecurity\">Heat-related deaths<\/a> and extreme temperature records for Southeast Asia in 2025<\/td><td>WMO full report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup> and national health ministries<\/td><td>only the media release was read, and it carries Asia-wide temperature figures only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Staple stocks, prices and export restrictions, including rice<\/td><td>FAO and national agencies<\/td><td>the FAOSTAT query returned no values<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dengue and malaria burden by member<\/td><td>WHO Global Health Observatory<\/td><td>the data service returned a server error on 2026-11-03<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Marine protected-area share, mangrove and coral condition<\/td><td>World Bank, UNEP-WCMC and national agencies<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>not retrieved; only terrestrial protection was read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability rungs: early warning for floods, reserves, response, recovery, social protection, infrastructure, workforce<\/td><td>civil protection agencies, weather services, utilities and ministries<\/td><td>not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.5<\/span><span>Evidence cards: two anchor sources<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the World Bank. Annual, 2025 values, source database updated 8 October 2026. Role: binds the population figures in the profile and regional reading. The eleven-state sum is Nexus arithmetic.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-ASN-001<\/h3><p>Population, total, eleven states<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the regional meteorological centre. Event record, the southern ASEAN alert of 26 August 2026 with hotspot counts for 24 and 25 August. Role: binds the haze alert finding. The alerts list [22] carries an entry dated 29 October 2026; it is post-close, context only, and binds no claim.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-ASN-002<\/h3><p>Alert page of the ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Quality dimensions at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Dimension<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-ASN-001<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-ASN-002<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Completeness<\/td><td>eleven states for population; ten for cereals<\/td><td>southern and northern ASEAN entries<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Timeliness<\/td><td>within a year of the reference year<\/td><td>dated entries, current at access<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Revision<\/td><td>revised by the issuer; not tracked here<\/td><td>entries replaced by later alerts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Method transparency<\/td><td>published methodology<\/td><td>published scale and criteria<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>External validation<\/td><td>not assessed in this edition<\/td><td>not assessed in this edition<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence cards to follow in Q1 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>9th ASEAN Energy Outlook<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup> : regional capacity, mix and scenarios<\/li><li>ASEAN statistical series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup> : trade, investment and food trade<\/li><li>Mekong River Commission<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup> : flow and fisheries indicators<\/li><li>Reports Foundational Edition<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n45\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup> and the global baseline<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n46\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r46\" aria-label=\"Note 46\">46<\/a><\/sup> : method and peer distributions<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.6<\/span><span>Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Editorial self-check at evidence close. Every applicable item carries a disposition; the remaining items are review, approval and deposit.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-tab9\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Group<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Area<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Items<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pass<\/th><th scope=\"col\">N\/A<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pending<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D1<\/td><td>Identity and scope<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>Source and data<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D3<\/td><td>Analysis and models<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D4<\/td><td>Findings and claims<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D5<\/td><td>Figures, tables, maps<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D6<\/td><td>Editorial and citations<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D7<\/td><td>Review and approval<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>13<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D8<\/td><td>Artefact and design<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D9<\/td><td>Registry and release<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication gate<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Conditions met<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close<\/dd><dt>Blocking problems<\/dt><dd>none recorded<\/dd><dt>Open conditions<\/dt><dd>reviews, approval of the exact digest, deposit, registry pointer<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Not applicable at baseline<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>first runs in Q1 2027<\/dd><dt>Maps<\/dt><dd>plates in Q2 2027<\/dd><dt>Waivers<\/dt><dd>none<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Dispositions are recorded item by item in the machine-readable checklist. A FAIL on any item blocks release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.7<\/span><span>Status words<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-tab10\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The status every value carries<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it means<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"positive\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Observed<\/span><\/td><td>Measured directly and published by the source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>Published statistics of an official or institutional source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Declared<\/span><\/td><td>Stated by the body concerned; not independently measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>A Nexus estimate from cited evidence, with its method in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Modelled<\/span><\/td><td>Produced by a stated model from cited inputs.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>Reasoned from cited evidence; not measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Forecast<\/span><\/td><td>A projection by the cited source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Simulated<\/span><\/td><td>A simulation result under stated assumptions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>A conditional statement under stated assumptions; never a prediction.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>Expert judgement, recorded with its basis.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><td>Proposed for a later edition; not yet evidence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Evidence-quality levels (EQL 1 to 5) grade the source behind a value; they are not a score of the subject.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.8<\/span><span>How the edition is made, released and corrected<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">Every edition is built from a sealed evidence cut, reviewed under three keys, signed and deposited before any site shows it as published; corrections go to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> as change proposals and feed the next cut.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Evidence arrives from the pillars<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Foundry seals observations and indicator series, Universe hands over after-action and scenario findings, and contributions are screened at every gateway, including this site&#8217;s.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 The cut is sealed<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">On the cut date the evidence is pinned under one identifier, so anyone can rebuild the edition from exactly what it was built on.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 The edition is assembled<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The edition is drafted from its template and content pack. Agents may draft; they never publish and never decide.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 The keys turn<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">At the publisher of record the truth key comes first: every value is checked against its source or stated method before the meaning and capital keys turn. No edition moves on until every key has been turned by a named steward.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 The gate opens<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A named approver releases one exact digest of the edition; any change after this point is a new version, never a silent edit.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Signed and deposited<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The PDF, the web edition and the data bundle are signed together with a manifest and an RO-Crate description, and deposited on Zenodo with a concept and a version DOI.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">07 Published on its desk&#8217;s site<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Only then does the edition show as published on its desk&#8217;s Reports site, and the Collection lists it as a part.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">08 Corrections go to Standards<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Method and correction findings go to Nexus Standards as change proposals; citations, corrections and new contributions feed the next evidence cut.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of the process, not a forecast and not a record of any run; dates and counts on this page come from the programme record. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/governance\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Reports governance at GCRI Canada<\/a> (2026); Zenodo, repository of record for Reports deposits (2026).<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">Lifecycle, one state at a time: Draft, Computed, Evidence bound, Reviewed, Approved for release, Published, Corrected, Superseded. This edition is a draft.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.9<\/span><span>Glossary and abbreviations<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-tab11\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Series terms<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Baseline Edition<\/td><td>the inaugural annual edition that fixes the reference state for the series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEFH+B<\/td><td>water, energy, food, health and biodiversity, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/governance-in-operation\/national-nexus\" data-tc=\"National Nexus\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The national model: the NNC, the NLC and the NWG as its three participation pillars, with the National Desk, Model and Portfolio and the NSC as the standards function of the NNC (OR-13)\">national nexus<\/a> core<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coupling<\/td><td>a typed dependency through which one system transmits to another<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">Protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>the share of losses not covered by insurance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability ladder<\/td><td>LISTED \u2192 EXISTS \u2192 ADEQUATE \u2192 TESTED \u2192 DEMONSTRATED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EQL<\/td><td>evidence-quality level, 1\u20135<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence cut<\/td><td>a frozen resolution of exact sources and versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NNC \u00b7 NLC \u00b7 NWG<\/td><td>National Nexus Consortium \u00b7 National Leadership Council \u00b7 National Working Groups<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-tab12\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.12<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Abbreviations used in this edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Abbreviation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Expansion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>ACE<\/td><td>ASEAN Centre for Energy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AHA Centre<\/td><td>ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AMS<\/td><td>ASEAN Member States<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>APAEC<\/td><td>ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ASEAN<\/td><td>Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ASMC<\/td><td>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HDI<\/td><td>Human Development Index<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IMF<\/td><td>International Monetary Fund<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LULUCF<\/td><td>land use, land-use change and forestry<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MRC<\/td><td>Mekong River Commission<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PM2.5<\/td><td>fine particulate matter of 2.5 micrometres or less<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UNDP<\/td><td>United Nations Development Programme<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>USGS<\/td><td>United States Geological Survey<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WMO<\/td><td>World Meteorological Organization<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.10<\/span><span>Technical annex<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-tab13\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.13<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Technical annex<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Annex<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contents<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A.1<\/td><td>Indicator definitions<\/td><td>the regional indicator set, with units and sources<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.2<\/td><td>Coupling strengths<\/td><td>the twenty-cell matrix and its rationale<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.3<\/td><td>Scenario specification<\/td><td>SCN-ASN-HAZE-01 assumptions and signposts<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.4<\/td><td>Capability placements<\/td><td>rung evidence for fifteen functions<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.5<\/td><td>Model diagnostics<\/td><td>first runs and validation<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.6<\/td><td>Sensitivity analyses<\/td><td>influence of coupling strengths<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.7<\/td><td>Member-country notes<\/td><td>atlas cards for every member country<\/td><td>Q2 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.8<\/td><td>Review statements<\/td><td>pass-by-pass review record<\/td><td>AT RELEASE<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">A.1 \u00b7 indicator definition: emissions excluding land use<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Construct<\/dt><dd>annual greenhouse gas emissions without land use, land-use change and forestry<\/dd><dt>Unit<\/dt><dd>Mt CO\u2082e<\/dd><dt>Scope<\/dt><dd>calendar year, AR5 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 global-warming\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The rise in global average surface temperature relative to a pre-industrial baseline, the headline indicator of human-driven climate change.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">global warming<\/a> potentials<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>World Bank greenhouse gas series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Revision<\/dt><dd>revised by the issuer; not tracked here<\/dd><dt>Known limits<\/dt><dd>omits land-use emissions, which national inventories report separately<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Annexes carry the same evidence, review and correction rules as the chapters and are versioned with the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Sentinel Asia (ed.), Flood and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h19\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.slope.slide\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Slope failure and mass movement\" data-td=\"A mass of soil or rock moving downslope along a defined shear surface, from slow creep to sudden failure.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H19\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\">Landslide<\/a> in North Sumatra, Indonesia on 28 November 2025 (emergency observation record). Sentinel Asia secretariat. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management (ed.), AHA Centre home page and events list (mandate, ARDEX-25 of 22 to 24 July 2025, Lower Mekong transboundary flooding workshop of 12 to 15 October 2026). AHA Centre, Jakarta. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Review of Regional Haze Situation for July 2025. ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Review of Regional Haze Situation for December 2025. ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF, AR5 basis (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), eleven ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: ASEAN Centre for Energy (ed.), Home page and publications list (9th ASEAN Energy Outlook listed for October 2026; contents not read). ACE, Jakarta. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Renewable Energy Agency (ed.), Renewable Energy Outlook for ASEAN, third edition (page refused). IRENA, Abu Dhabi. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ASEAN Secretariat (ed.), ASEAN Statistical Yearbook 2023 (the statistics page returned no content; named only as the series that would hold trade and investment values). ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/energy-nexus\/\" data-tal=\"Energy Nexus\">Extreme heat<\/a> and rainfall, glacier loss and record ocean heat impact Asia in 2025 (media release on the State of the Climate in Asia 2025, 17 June 2026). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Mekong River Commission (ed.), Mekong River Basin State of the Basin Report 2023 (dry-season share of flow at Chiang Saen taken from a search summary). MRC Secretariat, Vientiane. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: forest area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), terrestrial protected areas (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS) and total protected areas (ER.PTD.TOTL.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (forest) and 2025 (protected areas). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Viet Nam (data service, source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Alert20260826: Activation of Alert Level 3 for the Southern ASEAN Region (alert page; NOAA-20 hotspot counts for 24 and 25 August 2026). ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports: The Foundational Edition, Volumes I and II. Reports series, Edition 2026\u20132030, V1.0. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r45\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 45\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-n46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition (draft pack used by the generator as the structural base; not read by the drafting desk). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-ca-r46\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 46\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-data\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/\">ASEAN 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex B<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Data appendix<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>12 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>7 tables<\/span><span>30 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.1<\/span><span>The indicator set<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Baseline indicator set<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Eleven-state population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">700.3<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indonesia Human Development Index<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">0.728<\/span><\/td><td>index<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Singapore Human Development Index<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">0.946<\/span><\/td><td>index<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indonesia population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">285.7<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Singapore population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">6.1<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Eleven-state output, current prices<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">4.27<\/span><\/td><td>US$ trillion<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indonesia output, current prices<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1.45<\/span><\/td><td>US$ trillion<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Viet Nam real growth, projection<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">8.4<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Eleven-state emissions excluding land use<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">3,228.3<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indonesia emissions excluding land use<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1,323.8<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indonesia fossil share of electricity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">85.1<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Renewables in regional primary energy<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">15.6<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fine-particle exposure, Myanmar<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">35.1<\/span><\/td><td>\u00b5g\/m\u00b3<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> deaths in Myanmar, at least<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">3,791<\/span><\/td><td>deaths<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Viet Nam flood deaths, at least<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">200<\/span><\/td><td>deaths<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indonesia forest area<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">50.7<\/span><\/td><td>% of land<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ten-state cereal production<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">234.2<\/span><\/td><td>Mt<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Land-use emissions<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cross-border power flows<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>GWh<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Intra-ASEAN trade<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>US$<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Final toll of the Senyar floods<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>deaths<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mekong dry-season flow indicator<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>m\u00b3\/s<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-actions nrp-noprint\"><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:text\/csv;charset=utf-8,Indicator%2CValue%2CUnit%2CYear%2CState%2CSource%0AEleven-state%20population%2C700.3%2Cmillion%2C2025%2CESTIMATED%2C%5B1%5D%0AIndonesia%20Human%20Development%20Index%2C0.728%2Cindex%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B4%5D%0ASingapore%20Human%20Development%20Index%2C0.946%2Cindex%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B4%5D%0AIndonesia%20population%2C285.7%2Cmillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0ASingapore%20population%2C6.1%2Cmillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0A%22Eleven-state%20output%2C%20current%20prices%22%2C4.27%2CUS%24%20trillion%2C2025%2CESTIMATED%2C%5B2%5D%0A%22Indonesia%20output%2C%20current%20prices%22%2C1.45%2CUS%24%20trillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0A%22Viet%20Nam%20real%20growth%2C%20projection%22%2C8.4%2C%25%2C2026%2CREPORTED%2C%5B3%5D%0AEleven-state%20emissions%20excluding%20land%20use%2C%223%2C228.3%22%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CESTIMATED%2C%5B5%5D%0AIndonesia%20emissions%20excluding%20land%20use%2C%221%2C323.8%22%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B5%5D%0AIndonesia%20fossil%20share%20of%20electricity%2C85.1%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B8%5D%0ARenewables%20in%20regional%20primary%20energy%2C15.6%2C%25%2C2022%2CREPORTED%2C%5B18%5D%0A%22Fine-particle%20exposure%2C%20Myanmar%22%2C35.1%2C%C2%B5g%2Fm%C2%B3%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B6%5D%0A%22Earthquake%20deaths%20in%20Myanmar%2C%20at%20least%22%2C%223%2C791%22%2Cdeaths%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B17%5D%0A%22Viet%20Nam%20flood%20deaths%2C%20at%20least%22%2C200%2Cdeaths%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B16%5D%0AIndonesia%20forest%20area%2C50.7%2C%25%20of%20land%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B9%5D%0ATen-state%20cereal%20production%2C234.2%2CMt%2C2024%2CESTIMATED%2C%5B11%5D%0ALand-use%20emissions%2CNot%20bound%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B5%5D%0ACross-border%20power%20flows%2CNot%20bound%2CGWh%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B20%5D%0AIntra-ASEAN%20trade%2CNot%20bound%2CUS%24%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B30%5D%0AFinal%20toll%20of%20the%20Senyar%20floods%2CNot%20bound%2Cdeaths%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B25%5D%0AMekong%20dry-season%20flow%20indicator%2CNot%20bound%2Cm%C2%B3%2Fs%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B35%5D%0A\" download=\"NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-indicators.csv\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, CSV<\/a><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:application\/json;charset=utf-8,%7B%0A%20%22edition%22%3A%20%22NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE%22%2C%0A%20%22title%22%3A%20%22ASEAN%20Regional%20Systems%20Risk%20and%20Resilience%20Report%202026%3A%20Baseline%20Edition%2C%20The%20State%20of%20ASEAN%E2%80%99s%20Interdependent%20Systems.%22%2C%0A%20%22status%22%3A%20%22Draft%20under%20stewardship%20review%3B%20not%20yet%20released%22%2C%0A%20%22licence%22%3A%20%22CC-BY-4.0%20for%20the%20edition%20table%3B%20each%20value%20keeps%20its%20source's%20licence%22%2C%0A%20%22columns%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%22Indicator%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Value%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Unit%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Year%22%2C%0A%20%20%22State%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Source%22%0A%20%5D%2C%0A%20%22rows%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Eleven-state%20population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22700.3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22ESTIMATED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Indonesia%20Human%20Development%20Index%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%220.728%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22index%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B4%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Singapore%20Human%20Development%20Index%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%220.946%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22index%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B4%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Indonesia%20population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22285.7%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Singapore%20population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%226.1%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Eleven-state%20output%2C%20current%20prices%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%224.27%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22US%24%20trillion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22ESTIMATED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Indonesia%20output%2C%20current%20prices%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221.45%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22US%24%20trillion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Viet%20Nam%20real%20growth%2C%20projection%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%228.4%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222026%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B3%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Eleven-state%20emissions%20excluding%20land%20use%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%223%2C228.3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22ESTIMATED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B5%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Indonesia%20emissions%20excluding%20land%20use%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%2C323.8%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B5%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Indonesia%20fossil%20share%20of%20electricity%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2285.1%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B8%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Renewables%20in%20regional%20primary%20energy%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2215.6%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222022%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B18%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Fine-particle%20exposure%2C%20Myanmar%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2235.1%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%C2%B5g%2Fm%C2%B3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B6%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Earthquake%20deaths%20in%20Myanmar%2C%20at%20least%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%223%2C791%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22deaths%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B17%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Viet%20Nam%20flood%20deaths%2C%20at%20least%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22200%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22deaths%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B16%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Indonesia%20forest%20area%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2250.7%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%20of%20land%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B9%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Ten-state%20cereal%20production%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22234.2%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22ESTIMATED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B11%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Land-use%20emissions%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B5%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Cross-border%20power%20flows%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22GWh%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B20%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Intra-ASEAN%20trade%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22US%24%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B30%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Final%20toll%20of%20the%20Senyar%20floods%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22deaths%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B25%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Mekong%20dry-season%20flow%20indicator%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22m%C2%B3%2Fs%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B35%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%0A%20%5D%0A%7D\" download=\"NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-indicators.json\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, JSON<\/a><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOTES<\/p><p>Sums and shares are Nexus arithmetic and are labelled ESTIMATED; the method is in the technical layer. Rows marked NOT BOUND name the source that would fill them. Output uses the World Bank series at current prices, and the IMF series differs for some states. Member emissions exclude land use, which is large in the region. A machine-readable copy of this table is published with the evidence bundle at release. Evidence rules follow the editorial programme<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.2<\/span><span>Regional source register<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Domains bound by the register<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">WAT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ENE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FOO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">HLT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">BIO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">CLI<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">INF<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FIN<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">TRD<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">MIN<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional source register<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Category<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Period<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Population and output<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international statistics<\/td><td>eleven states<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Human development<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UN agency<\/td><td>eleven states<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Greenhouse gases<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international statistics<\/td><td>eleven states<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity and renewables<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>statistics and regional body<\/td><td>eleven states<\/td><td>2021\u20132024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>ENE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Asia climate assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>agency assessment<\/td><td>region<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>agency record<\/td><td>Myanmar, Thailand<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>event<\/td><td>CLI, INF<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Haze alerts<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>regional meteorological centre<\/td><td>region<\/td><td>2025\u20132026<\/td><td>continuous<\/td><td>CLI, HLT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water, land and health<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international statistics<\/td><td>eleven states<\/td><td>2019\u20132025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>WAT, BIO, HLT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Agriculture and poverty<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international statistics<\/td><td>eleven states<\/td><td>2023\u20132025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FOO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Disaster coordination<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>regional body<\/td><td>region<\/td><td>2025\u20132026<\/td><td>continuous<\/td><td>capacity<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FIXTURE PROHIBITION<\/p><p>No demonstration or reference-cartographic fixture is used as evidence in this edition. The publication gate checks every binding against this register.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.3<\/span><span>Regional reading: ASEAN by member country<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Map plates for every member country follow in Q2 2027, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form for the 2 member countries named in the series registry.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Selected populations, emissions and output<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/h3><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">285.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Indonesia<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">6.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Singapore<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">3,228<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>eleven-state emissions<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4.27<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">US$ trillion<\/span><p>eleven-state output<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional reading: ASEAN by member country<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Member<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Principal hazards<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems most exposed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Indonesia<\/td><td>floods and landslides in Aceh, North Sumatra and West Sumatra in November 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup>; peat and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">forest fire<\/a> haze, with Sumatra at its highest July hotspot count in five years in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>water, health, energy<\/td><td>population 285.7 million; output US$1.45 trillion; emissions 1,323.8 Mt; fossil 85.1% of electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Singapore<\/td><td>not bound here \u00b7 see the national edition<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n47\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r47\" aria-label=\"Note 47\">47<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>not bound<\/td><td>population 6.1 million; 8,329 people per km\u00b2; 106 m\u00b3 of renewable freshwater per person; fossil 94.3% of electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reference group: other member states<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> in Myanmar and Thailand in March 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>; flooding in Viet Nam in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>; no registry edition<\/td><td>health, infrastructure, water<\/td><td>nine states without a registry edition; eleven-state totals in<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Regional readings summarise the cited evidence. They are not risk ratings of any member country.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.4<\/span><span>Atlas card: Southern ASEAN haze airshed<\/span><\/h2><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">airshed<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">shared atmosphere<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">fire and smoke<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">members: Indonesia and Singapore<\/li><\/ul><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Systems in view<\/dt><dd>health, energy and water<\/dd><dt>Defining instruments<\/dt><dd>ASEAN haze agreement<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup>; regional alert scale<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Couplings<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 HLT; CLI \u2192 ENE<\/dd><dt>Capability evidence<\/dt><dd>a regional meteorological centre issues alert levels<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup>; performance not bound<\/dd><dt>Gaps<\/dt><dd>hotspot counts, daily smoke readings and hospital admissions by member<\/dd><dt>Agenda items<\/dt><dd>A-01 \u00b7 A-04<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The alert for southern ASEAN rose to Level 2 on 19 July 2025 [23]. It was issued at Level 3 on 26 August 2026 [48]. Smoke drifted from central Sumatra into Peninsular Malaysia and from western Kalimantan into Sarawak in July 2025 [23].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">HAZARD<\/h3><p>A seasonal fire cycle<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Fine-particle exposure was 20.8 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 in Indonesia in 2023 [6]. Daily smoke readings by member are not bound; the monthly reviews show hotspot counts in charts only [23] [24].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">HEALTH<\/h3><p>Fine particles<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">A regional haze agreement and a regional meteorological centre exist [31] [48]. How far members act on alerts is not bound.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">INSTITUTION<\/h3><p>A shared agreement<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Atlas cards are generated for every member country from Q2 2027 with consistent fields and evidence-age labels. The airshed is shown first because both registry members sit in the southern ASEAN alert region and share one smoke system with their neighbours.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.5<\/span><span>ASEAN system card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The card through which ASEAN appears in the global edition and in the sector series. It summarises; it does not rank.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">ASEAN system card<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline state<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>renewable freshwater 106 m\u00b3 per person in Singapore, 25,190 m\u00b3 in Lao PDR<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>shared rivers into hydropower and farming<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>fossil fuels 85.1% of Indonesia\u2019s electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>coal dependence and grid stress<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>about 234.2 Mt of cereals in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>drought, flood and smoke<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>fine particles 35.1 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 in Myanmar<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>smoke and heat load<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>forest 50.7% of Indonesia\u2019s land<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>condition not bound<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Context<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Archetype<\/dt><dd>two registry members within an association of eleven states sharing seas, rivers and an airshed<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Population<\/dt><dd>700.3 million in the eleven states (2025)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>; Indonesia 285.7 million; Singapore 6.1 million<\/dd><dt>Output<\/dt><dd>US$4.27 trillion at current prices in the eleven states (2025)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Hazard<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> of March 2025 killed at least 3,791 people in Myanmar<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The member editions (Indonesia, Singapore) and this regional edition share finding identifiers where they read the same evidence, so a correction travels to every edition at once.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">MEMBER EDITIONS<\/h3><p>Same findings, same IDs<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">ASEAN evidence enters the water, energy, food, finance and climate sector reports through the same finding identifiers.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES<\/h3><p>Regional evidence, sector reports<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">In the global edition ASEAN is read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL FLAGSHIP<\/h3><p>Peers, not ranks<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>External rankings, where cited, keep their own method and source. Nexus never converts them into a rating, and each member\u2019s ownership of its own edition is unaffected.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.6<\/span><span>Licences<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Licences of each kind of material<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Material<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Text<\/td><td>CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data<\/td><td>on the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td>Nexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maps<\/td><td>boundary source and licence printed on each plate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Metadata<\/td><td>CC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Third-party data, figures and text<\/td><td>The source&#8217;s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.7<\/span><span>Formats and provenance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">This edition in every format<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Format<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it is<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Web edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>Draft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Print edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indicator data<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CSV \u00b7 JSON<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>22 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE data release v1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">SVG \u00b7 PNG<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIG-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-*<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slides<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No slide deck is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence brief<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML \u00b7 PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No evidence brief is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dataset with DOI<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DataCite<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>Concept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Provenance<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Edition pack<\/dt><dd>The edition&#8217;s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built<\/dd><dt>Evidence cut<\/dt><dd>NQ-REG-ASN-2026-Q0-1, closed 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters<\/dd><dt>Self-check<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release<\/dd><dt>Review<\/dt><dd>five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>GCRI for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Corrections<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Viet Nam (data service, source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>United Nations Development Programme (ed.), Human Development Report 2025: composite indices time series (Human Development Index, life expectancy, schooling, gross national income per capita, 2023 values for the ASEAN states). UNDP, New York. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP at current US dollars (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), GDP growth (NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG) and GDP per capita (NY.GDP.PCAP.CD), eleven ASEAN states (source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: International Monetary Fund (ed.), World Economic Outlook, October 2026: real GDP growth, consumer price inflation, GDP in US dollars and current account balance, DataMapper series for the ASEAN states (2025 estimates and 2026 and 2027 projections). IMF, Washington DC. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF, AR5 basis (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), eleven ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: electricity production from fossil fuels (EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS), coal (EG.ELC.COAL.ZS) and hydroelectric sources (EG.ELC.HYRO.ZS), access to electricity (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS) and electric power consumption per capita, ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (2021 for Brunei Darussalam, Singapore and Timor-Leste hydropower and Timor-Leste fossil and coal). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>ASEAN Centre for Energy (ed.), The 8th ASEAN Energy Outlook (publication page, 26 September 2024). ACE, Jakarta. Observation year 2022 (base year) with projections to 2050. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>United States Geological Survey (ed.), M 7.7 2025 Mandalay, Burma (Myanmar) <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a>: event record and impact summary (28 March 2025, PAGER alert red). USGS, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/energy-nexus\/\" data-tal=\"Energy Nexus\">Extreme heat<\/a> and rainfall, glacier loss and record ocean heat impact Asia in 2025 (media release on the State of the Climate in Asia 2025, 17 June 2026). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: forest area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), terrestrial protected areas (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS) and total protected areas (ER.PTD.TOTL.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (forest) and 2025 (protected areas). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: cereal production (AG.PRD.CREL.MT), cereal yield, agricultural land, agriculture value added and employment in agriculture (SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (production) and 2025 (employment). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: ASEAN Centre for Energy (ed.), Home page and publications list (9th ASEAN Energy Outlook listed for October 2026; contents not read). ACE, Jakarta. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ASEAN Secretariat (ed.), ASEAN Statistical Yearbook 2023 (the statistics page returned no content; named only as the series that would hold trade and investment values). ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Sentinel Asia (ed.), Flood and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h19\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.slope.slide\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Slope failure and mass movement\" data-td=\"A mass of soil or rock moving downslope along a defined shear surface, from slow creep to sudden failure.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H19\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\">Landslide<\/a> in North Sumatra, Indonesia on 28 November 2025 (emergency observation record). Sentinel Asia secretariat. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Mekong River Commission (ed.), Mekong River Basin State of the Basin Report 2023 (dry-season share of flow at Chiang Saen taken from a search summary). MRC Secretariat, Vientiane. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: Reports series (ed.), Editorial programme, 3 November 2026 (evidence rules and copy standard). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: renewable energy consumption share of final energy (EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS) and renewable electricity output share (EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2021 (2022 for Lao PDR and Timor-Leste final energy). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Alert20260826: Activation of Alert Level 3 for the Southern ASEAN Region (alert page; NOAA-20 hotspot counts for 24 and 25 August 2026). ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Review of Regional Haze Situation for July 2025. ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Review of Regional Haze Situation for December 2025. ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: renewable internal freshwater resources per capita (ER.H2O.INTR.PC) and freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources (ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: prevalence of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h81\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.nutrition.chronic-undernutrition\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency\" data-td=\"Long-term poor nutrition and repeated infection in early childhood that stunt growth and brain development, reducing lifelong health, learning and earnings.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H81\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/health\/\" data-txl=\"Health and biosecurity\">stunting<\/a> (SH.STA.STNT.ZS), under-five mortality (SH.DYN.MORT), tuberculosis incidence (SH.TBS.INCD), current health expenditure (SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS) and mortality attributed to air pollution (SH.STA.AIRP.P5), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2019 (air pollution), 2023 (health expenditure) and 2024 (mortality, tuberculosis); stunting years differ by state, 2000 to 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: people using safely managed drinking water services (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS) and safely managed sanitation services (SH.STA.SMSS.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: poverty headcount at the international line (SI.POV.DDAY) and prevalence of undernourishment (SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (undernourishment) and 2017 to 2025 (poverty, varies by state). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management (ed.), AHA Centre home page and events list (mandate, ARDEX-25 of 22 to 24 July 2025, Lower Mekong transboundary flooding workshop of 12 to 15 October 2026). AHA Centre, Jakarta. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Baseline Editions 2026 for Indonesia and Singapore (draft packs in preparation; no value taken from them). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r47\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 47\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: urban population share (SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS), population aged 65 and above, population density, population growth and urban population living in slums, ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025 (2022 for slums, 2024 for density). Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ASEAN (ed.), ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution, 2002. ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta. Observation year 2002. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>Reports series (ed.), Series registry of subjects (federation registry; entries for REG-ASN, IDN and SGP read). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-asn-cb-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-part-references\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cc-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/\">ASEAN 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex C<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">References and record<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Every source the edition rests on, the publication record, the corrections log and the open record.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>14 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>0 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cc-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cc-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cc-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.1<\/span><span>48 sources<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">NR-CIT-1, editor first. A DOI is linked where the source has one; Nexus records carry a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> once the catalogue allocates it (NS-1).<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Viet Nam (data service, source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP at current US dollars (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), GDP growth (NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG) and GDP per capita (NY.GDP.PCAP.CD), eleven ASEAN states (source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: International Monetary Fund (ed.), World Economic Outlook, October 2026: real GDP growth, consumer price inflation, GDP in US dollars and current account balance, DataMapper series for the ASEAN states (2025 estimates and 2026 and 2027 projections). IMF, Washington DC. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>United Nations Development Programme (ed.), Human Development Report 2025: composite indices time series (Human Development Index, life expectancy, schooling, gross national income per capita, 2023 values for the ASEAN states). UNDP, New York. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF, AR5 basis (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), eleven ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: renewable energy consumption share of final energy (EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS) and renewable electricity output share (EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2021 (2022 for Lao PDR and Timor-Leste final energy). Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: electricity production from fossil fuels (EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS), coal (EG.ELC.COAL.ZS) and hydroelectric sources (EG.ELC.HYRO.ZS), access to electricity (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS) and electric power consumption per capita, ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (2021 for Brunei Darussalam, Singapore and Timor-Leste hydropower and Timor-Leste fossil and coal). Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: forest area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), terrestrial protected areas (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS) and total protected areas (ER.PTD.TOTL.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (forest) and 2025 (protected areas). Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: renewable internal freshwater resources per capita (ER.H2O.INTR.PC) and freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources (ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: cereal production (AG.PRD.CREL.MT), cereal yield, agricultural land, agriculture value added and employment in agriculture (SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (production) and 2025 (employment). Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: prevalence of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h81\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.nutrition.chronic-undernutrition\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency\" data-td=\"Long-term poor nutrition and repeated infection in early childhood that stunt growth and brain development, reducing lifelong health, learning and earnings.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H81\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/health\/\" data-txl=\"Health and biosecurity\">stunting<\/a> (SH.STA.STNT.ZS), under-five mortality (SH.DYN.MORT), tuberculosis incidence (SH.TBS.INCD), current health expenditure (SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS) and mortality attributed to air pollution (SH.STA.AIRP.P5), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2019 (air pollution), 2023 (health expenditure) and 2024 (mortality, tuberculosis); stunting years differ by state, 2000 to 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: people using safely managed drinking water services (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS) and safely managed sanitation services (SH.STA.SMSS.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: urban population share (SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS), population aged 65 and above, population density, population growth and urban population living in slums, ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025 (2022 for slums, 2024 for density). Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: poverty headcount at the international line (SI.POV.DDAY) and prevalence of undernourishment (SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS), ASEAN states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024 (undernourishment) and 2017 to 2025 (poverty, varies by state). Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/energy-nexus\/\" data-tal=\"Energy Nexus\">Extreme heat<\/a> and rainfall, glacier loss and record ocean heat impact Asia in 2025 (media release on the State of the Climate in Asia 2025, 17 June 2026). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 7<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>United States Geological Survey (ed.), M 7.7 2025 Mandalay, Burma (Myanmar) <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a>: event record and impact summary (28 March 2025, PAGER alert red). USGS, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>ASEAN Centre for Energy (ed.), The 8th ASEAN Energy Outlook (publication page, 26 September 2024). ACE, Jakarta. Observation year 2022 (base year) with projections to 2050. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>ASEAN Centre for Energy (ed.), ACE to guide regional energy transition through the launch of the 8th ASEAN Energy Outlook (press release, 2024). ACE, Jakarta. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: ASEAN Centre for Energy (ed.), Home page and publications list (9th ASEAN Energy Outlook listed for October 2026; contents not read). ACE, Jakarta. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management (ed.), AHA Centre home page and events list (mandate, ARDEX-25 of 22 to 24 July 2025, Lower Mekong transboundary flooding workshop of 12 to 15 October 2026). AHA Centre, Jakarta. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), ASMC Alerts: regional haze situation (alert scale and entries, southern ASEAN Level 2 of 29 October 2026, Level 3 of 26 August 2026, northern ASEAN Level 0 of 14 May 2026; entries after 30 September 2026 are post-close, context only). ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Review of Regional Haze Situation for July 2025. ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Review of Regional Haze Situation for December 2025. ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Sentinel Asia (ed.), Flood and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h19\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.slope.slide\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Slope failure and mass movement\" data-td=\"A mass of soil or rock moving downslope along a defined shear surface, from slow creep to sudden failure.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H19\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\">Landslide<\/a> in North Sumatra, Indonesia on 28 November 2025 (emergency observation record). Sentinel Asia secretariat. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Viet Nam News (ed.), ASEAN Summit 47: Timor-Leste officially becomes ASEAN\u2019s 11th member (news report, 26 October 2025). Viet Nam News Agency, Ha Noi. Observation year 2025. A news report, used for the admission date only. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Mekong River Commission (ed.), About the Mekong River Commission (page opened: established in 1995 on the Mekong Agreement; members Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam). MRC Secretariat, Vientiane. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>Reports series (ed.), Series registry of subjects (federation registry; entries for REG-ASN, IDN and SGP read). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: Reports series (ed.), Editorial programme, 3 November 2026 (evidence rules and copy standard). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ASEAN Secretariat (ed.), ASEAN Statistical Yearbook 2023 (the statistics page returned no content; named only as the series that would hold trade and investment values). ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ASEAN (ed.), ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution, 2002. ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta. Observation year 2002. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ASEAN (ed.), ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response, 2005. ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta. Observation year 2005. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ASEAN (ed.), Charter of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, 2007. ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta. Observation year 2007. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Mekong River Commission (ed.), Agreement on the Cooperation for the Sustainable Development of the Mekong River Basin, 1995 (named on the commission page opened [27]; text not opened). MRC Secretariat, Vientiane. Observation year 1995. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Mekong River Commission (ed.), Mekong River Basin State of the Basin Report 2023 (dry-season share of flow at Chiang Saen taken from a search summary). MRC Secretariat, Vientiane. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ASEAN (ed.), Fourteenth Meeting of the Sub-Regional Ministerial Steering Committee on Transboundary Haze Pollution in the Mekong Sub-Region (page refused; named as the record of Mekong sub-region haze alerts; no value taken from it). ASEAN Secretariat, Jakarta. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Energy Agency (ed.), Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2024 (page refused). IEA, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Renewable Energy Agency (ed.), Renewable Energy Outlook for ASEAN, third edition (page refused). IRENA, Abu Dhabi. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: United Nations Framework Convention on <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>, 2015. UNFCCC Secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: H.-O. P\u00f6rtner et al. (eds.), Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Working Group II contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC, chapter on Asia. IPCC, Geneva, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports: The Foundational Edition, Volumes I and II. Reports series, Edition 2026\u20132030, V1.0. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition (draft pack used by the generator as the structural base; not read by the drafting desk). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Baseline Editions 2026 for Indonesia and Singapore (draft packs in preparation; no value taken from them). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-ref-48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ed.), Alert20260826: Activation of Alert Level 3 for the Southern ASEAN Region (alert page; NOAA-20 hotspot counts for 24 and 25 August 2026). ASMC, Singapore. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cc-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cc-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cc-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.2<\/span><span>Publication record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Title<\/dt><dd>ASEAN Regional <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition<\/dd><dt>Series<\/dt><dd>Reports \u00b7 Edition 2026\u20132030<\/dd><dt>Edition<\/dt><dd>Baseline Edition 2026 \u00b7 inaugural annual<\/dd><dt>Version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 \u00b7 draft for stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Publication date<\/dt><dd>October 2026<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>concept and version DOI at deposit<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publisher<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Place<\/dt><dd>Toronto<\/dd><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor<\/dd><dt>Stewards<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 technical truth \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 public meaning \u00b7 GRA \u00b7 capital meaning<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>text CC BY 4.0; data on the terms of each source<\/dd><dt>Copyright<\/dt><dd>\u00a9 2026 GCRI \u00b7 Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Language<\/dt><dd>English (en-GB) source edition<\/dd><dt>Correspondence<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway \u00b7 editorial office<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">DISCLAIMER<\/p><p>This edition is published for research, planning and public understanding. It is not a government assessment, an official warning, a rating, a certification, investment advice or an operational authorisation. Reasonable care has been taken with every source; consult the cited originals before relying on any value.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Colophon<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Format<\/dt><dd>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF<\/dd><dt>Typefaces<\/dt><dd>Space Grotesk (display) \u00b7 Geist (text) \u00b7 IBM Plex Sans Italic (standfirsts) \u00b7 IBM Plex Mono (data)<\/dd><dt>Design standard<\/dt><dd>Reports Foundational Edition, Volume I, Part VII<\/dd><dt>Accessibility<\/dt><dd>tagged PDF and HTML targets; text alternatives for every figure<\/dd><dt>Production<\/dt><dd>Reports editorial team, GCRI<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HOW TO CORRECT THIS EDITION<\/p><p>Report errors, omissions or objections through the Registry correction pathway. Each report is logged and answered; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version, and the original remains resolvable.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Release path for this version<\/h3><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cc-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table C.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Release path for this version<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">When<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Draft<\/td><td>editorial self-check complete at evidence close<\/td><td>October 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Steward review<\/td><td>five passes on the exact draft (keys T \u00b7 M \u00b7 F \u00b7 N)<\/td><td>Q4 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approval<\/td><td>publication authority approves the exact digest<\/td><td>before release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deposit<\/td><td>concept and version DOI minted; registry pointer set<\/td><td>at release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Succession<\/td><td>the 2027 regional edition reports changes against this baseline<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Current version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 draft, stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Previous edition<\/dt><dd>none, first edition of the series<\/dd><dt>Next edition<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2027-Q1-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Latest version<\/dt><dd>resolve the concept DOI or the registry record<\/dd><dt>Correction route<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway<\/dd><dt>Notice types<\/dt><dd>erratum \u00b7 addendum \u00b7 supersession \u00b7 withdrawal<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NO CORRECTIONS \u2260 NO LIMITS<\/p><p>The absence of corrections does not mean the absence of limitations. Limitations and uncertainty are stated where they arise in the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><div id=\"nx-nr-reg-asn-corrections\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cc-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cc-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cc-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.3<\/span><span>Corrections log<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-corr\"><p class=\"nx-nr-corr-sum\"><span class=\"nx-nr-corr-n\">0<\/span><span>correction notices. No edition has been released yet, so none can be corrected; the log below lists each edition&#8217;s current version.<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Version<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Date<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Change<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Notice<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Edition\"><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">REG-ASN<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Version\" class=\"nx-rd-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/td><td data-label=\"Date\">October 2026<\/td><td data-label=\"State\">Draft<\/td><td data-label=\"Change\">Baseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition,<\/td><td data-label=\"Notice\">None<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-rd-source\">Notice types: erratum, addendum, supersession, withdrawal. A correction is a new version with a published notice; the earlier version stays resolvable, and no edition is ever edited in silence.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-reg-asn-outputs\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cc-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cc-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cc-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.4<\/span><span>Open record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-os\"><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>This edition&#8217;s open record<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Desk identifier and series alias<\/dt><dd>NR-REG-ASN-2026-BL<\/dd><dt>Collection<\/dt><dd>None<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>Concept and version DOI at deposit, on Zenodo with DataCite metadata<\/dd><dt>Versions<\/dt><dd>Each correction is a new version (isNewVersionOf); the concept DOI resolves to the latest<\/dd><dt>Bundle<\/dt><dd>RO-Crate 1.2 with CITATION.cff, CodeMeta and PROV-O provenance; a signed manifest<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Credit and identity<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>ORCID<\/dt><dd>Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record<\/dd><dt>ROR<\/dt><dd>Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone<\/dd><dt>CRediT<\/dt><dd>Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing<\/dd><dt>Account<\/dt><dd>None needed to contribute; never a password<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Find and follow<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">Search the open indexes for ASEAN; software is cited by its SWHID from Software Heritage, and a quantified scenario run is preregistered on OSF before it is run. Annotation is your choice: Hypothesis opens this page in its own viewer.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-nr-os-links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/openalex.org\/works?search=Nexus%20Reports%20ASEAN\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAlex<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.openaire.eu\/search\/find?fv0=Nexus%20Reports%20ASEAN&amp;f0=q\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAIRE<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/search\/works?q=Nexus%20Reports%20ASEAN\" rel=\"noopener\">Crossref<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.datacite.org\/?query=Nexus%20Reports%20ASEAN\" rel=\"noopener\">DataCite Commons<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/search?q=Nexus%20Reports%20ASEAN\" rel=\"noopener\">Zenodo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.softwareheritage.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Software Heritage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/prereg\/\" rel=\"noopener\">OSF preregistration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/via.hypothes.is\/https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Annotate with Hypothesis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Mirrors and harvest<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">The DOI is canonical. At release each signed bundle is also given an IPFS content identifier and a bloxberg anchor as mirrors; both are listed in the record once they exist. Zenodo exposes every record over OAI-PMH, and reviews and endorsements can arrive through COAR Notify where the repository supports it.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><figure class=\"nx-nr-code\"><figcaption class=\"nx-nr-code-cap\">InvenioRDM metadata for a contribution on ASEAN, prefilled from this page<\/figcaption><pre class=\"nx-nr-pre\" tabindex=\"0\"><code>{&#10;  &quot;metadata&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;id&quot;: &quot;dataset&quot;&#10;    },&#10;    &quot;title&quot;: &quot;Evidence on ASEAN for Nexus Reports&quot;,&#10;    &quot;publication_date&quot;: &quot;YYYY-MM-DD&quot;,&#10;    &quot;creators&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;person_or_org&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;type&quot;: &quot;personal&quot;,&#10;          &quot;family_name&quot;: &quot;Your family name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;given_name&quot;: &quot;Your given name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;identifiers&quot;: [&#10;            {&#10;              &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;orcid&quot;,&#10;              &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;0000-0000-0000-0000&quot;&#10;            }&#10;          ]&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;affiliations&quot;: [&#10;          {&#10;            &quot;id&quot;: &quot;ROR identifier of your organisation&quot;&#10;          }&#10;        ]&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;description&quot;: &quot;What it is, where its record is kept and how it bears on ASEAN Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of ASEAN\u2019s Interdependent Systems..&quot;,&#10;    &quot;rights&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;id&quot;: &quot;cc-by-4.0&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;subjects&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Nexus Reports&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;ASEAN&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Regional Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;related_identifiers&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/&quot;,&#10;        &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;url&quot;,&#10;        &quot;relation_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;issupplementto&quot;&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;publication-report&quot;&#10;        }&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;version&quot;: &quot;1.0.0&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;custom_fields&quot;: {},&#10;  &quot;access&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;record&quot;: &quot;public&quot;,&#10;    &quot;files&quot;: &quot;public&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;files&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;enabled&quot;: true&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;parent&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;communities&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;default&quot;: &quot;nexusreports&quot;&#10;    }&#10;  }&#10;}<\/code><\/pre><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-hook\" data-nx-research-hub=\"slot\" data-nx-research-context=\"{&quot;org&quot;:&quot;GCRI&quot;,&quot;site&quot;:&quot;gcri&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;edition&quot;,&quot;subject&quot;:&quot;ASEAN&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;Regional Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;]}\" hidden><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-reg-asn-pillars\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cc-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cc-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-asn-cc-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.5<\/span><span>Where this edition sits among the six pillars<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Foundry seals the evidence and Universe tests it; Reports publishes it; Standards takes its corrections and Academy teaches from it.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F03 Sealed observations and indicator series<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F04 After-action and scenario findings for<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F05 National Portfolio movement for chapter<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Applied in editions<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>: applied in editions.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>REG-ASN edition<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Reports<\/span> ASEAN 2026, published in every format with its sources, citation and corrections.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F06 Method and correction findings as change<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F12 Q4 synthesis informs the next-year<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Taught in the open<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Academy<\/span> Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>What Foundry and Universe hand to this edition, and what it hands to Standards, Universe and Academy. From the programme spine; REG-ASN is a drafted Baseline Edition, so these handoffs run from its first operational quarter.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Handoff<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Between<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What crosses, and when<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F03<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F04<\/span><\/td><td>Universe to Reports<\/td><td>After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F05<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus Standards to Reports<\/td><td>Nexus Standards: applied in editions.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F06<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Nexus Standards<\/td><td>Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F12<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Universe<\/td><td>Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"academy\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Risk Academy<\/td><td>Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-noprint\"><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Send evidence or a correction on ASEAN.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the GCRI <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Evidence desk. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work. Sent to the wrong desk, it is forwarded, not refused.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI Systems Evidence desk<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Regional Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/#nx-sec-routing\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See which desk takes what you have<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The routing table opens the contribution page: what you have, the desk that takes it, how each contribution is reviewed and credited, and the licence.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-asn\/full#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><p class=\"nx-note\" data-nr-rights=\"true\"><a class=\"nx-link\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> Free to read. Text and figures: CC BY 4.0. Data: CC0 1.0. Authors keep copyright. Published by GCRI Canada.<\/p><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-reg-asn-full-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-reg-asn-full-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-reg-asn-full-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/urban-flood\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Urban flood<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/risk-science\/risk-information-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Risk information standards and interoperability<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/data\/identification-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Identification (the UNI)<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script><style>@media print { @page { margin: 20mm 17mm 20mm 17mm; @top-left { content: \"Nexus Reports\"; font: 500 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @top-right { content: \"ASEAN Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of ASEAN\\002019 s Interdependent Systems. \\0000b7  Baseline Edition 2026\"; font: 400 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Sans\", sans-serif; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-left { content: \"NR-REGIONAL-ASN-2026-BASELINE \\0000b7  Draft, not released\"; font: 400 7pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-center { content: \"CC BY 4.0. 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