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\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\"><style>#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-eas-full.nxe{display:block;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:1180px;margin:0 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solid;border-color:inherit}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-eas-full.nxe svg{display:none}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-eas-full.nxe svg.nx-i{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:-3px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-eas-full.nxe :where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-eas-full.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><div class=\"nrp\"><div class=\"nrp-wrap\"><p class=\"nrj-draft\" data-nrj-shared=\"draft\" role=\"note\"><strong>Draft, not yet released.<\/strong> In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.<\/p><article class=\"nrp-flow\"><header class=\"nrp-hero\"><div class=\"nrp-hero-grid\"><div><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Baseline Edition 2026<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Complete edition<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 class=\"pp-hero-title nrp-hero-title-l\">East Asia Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of East Asia\u2019s Interdependent Systems.<\/h1><p class=\"nrp-lede\"><\/p><div class=\"nrp-actions\"><button class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" type=\"button\" data-nrp-act=\"print\" hidden><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 18H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><path d=\"M6 9V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6\"\/><rect x=\"6\" y=\"14\" width=\"12\" height=\"8\" rx=\"1\"\/><\/svg>Print or save as PDF<\/button><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19 12H5\"\/><path d=\"m12 19-7-7 7-7\"\/><\/svg>Edition home<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nrp-note nrp-noprint\">Choose A4 or Letter in the print dialog; running heads and page numbers are added in print. This is a review copy: the signed PDF with its DOI is issued at release.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nrp-cover\"><div class=\"nrp-cover-top\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">REG-EAS<\/span><\/div><span class=\"nrp-cover-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"nrp-cover-k\">Regional Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-t\">East Asia 2026<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-s\"><\/p><div class=\"nrp-cover-foot\"><span>Baseline Edition 2026<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><span><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> for the Nexus Consortium<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block nrp-imprint\" aria-label=\"Imprint\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Imprint<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor, the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto<\/dd><dt>Report number<\/dt><dd class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026, cut NQ-REG-EAS-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Status<\/dt><dd>Draft under stewardship review; not yet released<\/dd><dt>DOI and UNI<\/dt><dd>Issued at deposit<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>CC BY 4.0 for Nexus-authored text, tables and figures; third-party material keeps its own licence<\/dd><dt>Cite as<\/dt><dd>Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). East Asia Regional <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of East Asia\u2019s Interdependent Systems. (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" aria-label=\"Contents\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Contents<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">\u00b7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-summary\">Executive summary<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-coupled-system\">Chapter 1. East Asia\u2019s risk is shared through weather, fuel and demography<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-findings\">Chapter 2. Key findings<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-systems-and-sectors\">Chapter 3. Systems and sectors at baseline<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-risk-and-capability\">Chapter 4. Risks and capability<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-scenario\">Chapter 5. Hot summer with a typhoon landfall across the Yellow Sea and East China Sea corridor<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-lenses-and-readings\">Chapter 6. Readings from the other desks<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-agenda\">Chapter 7. The 2027 agenda<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">8<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-systems-in-depth\">Chapter 8. Systems in depth<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-methodology\">Annex A. Methodology<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-data\">Annex B. Data appendix<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-references\">Annex C. References and record<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-summary\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/\">East Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Executive summary<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Executive summary<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The edition on a few pages: the abstract, the key messages, the headline finding and what each steward reads in it.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>15 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.1<\/span><span>Abstract<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>East Asia, as the series reads it, is three member countries: China, Japan and the Republic of Korea. They hold about 1,581.6 million people and about USD 25.8 trillion of annual output, of which China holds 88.9% of the people and 75.6% of the output<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>. China\u2019s population fell by 3.39 million in 2025 to 1,404.89 million on the national count<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. Japan reached 994 Mt CO\u2082e of net greenhouse gas emissions in FY2024, 28.7% below FY2013<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. China\u2019s clean energy supplied 30.4% of total energy consumption in 2025, while coal supplied 51.4%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. Japan and the Republic of Korea import 87.3% and 83.2% of their energy, against 24.0% for China<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>. Japan, China and the Republic of Korea each recorded their hottest summer in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>. The Republic of Korea suffered its largest known wildfires in March 2025, with about 48,238 hectares burned and at least 30 deaths<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>. This Baseline Edition fixes the 2026 reference state from sources that could be read at evidence close. Where a regional dataset could not be read, it shows as a designed empty state that names the source and the blocker. The edition decides nothing and ranks no member country.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.2<\/span><span>Key messages<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Six readings that frame the East Asia baseline, and the eight questions this edition answers, each with its status and source.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-km\"><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">The three members emitted about 17,268 Mt CO\u2082e in 2024 excluding land use, of which China 90.0%. Japan\u2019s own net figure for FY2024 was 994 Mt.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Where do emissions stand?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">China\u2019s clean energy share was 30.4% in 2025; Japan targets 40% to 50% renewables in power by FY2040; the Republic of Korea targets 29.2% renewables by 2038.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What energy transition is under way?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Japan and the Republic of Korea import more than 80% of their energy. Import volumes of LNG by member are not bound for China and Japan.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How exposed is fuel supply?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">All three members had their hottest summer in 2025; Korean wildfires burned about 48,238 hectares.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How severe were recent heat and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a>?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Japan 30.0%, Republic of Korea 20.3% and China 14.9% aged 65 or over in 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How old are the populations?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Ten typhoons made landfall in China in 2025. Losses in Japan and the Republic of Korea are not bound.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How much is <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">typhoon<\/a> exposure?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Insured and uninsured loss series by member are not bound in this edition.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Who carries disaster losses?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">A hot summer with a typhoon landfall, power demand and imported fuel stress. SCN-EAS-HEAT-01<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What will Q1 2027 test first?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.3<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-011<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Natural disasters affected 67.03 million people in China in 2025 and left 763 dead or missing; ten typhoons made landfall in China and the western North Pacific season had 27 named cyclones.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure S.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-fig1-t\">Deaths in 2025 disasters and typhoons<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">China, dead or missing, all natural disasters<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">763<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Typhoon season, region, more than<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"91.7\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">700<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Sources: Ministry of Emergency Management as reported<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>; WMO on the Typhoon Committee<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup>. The typhoon figure covers the whole western North Pacific and South China Sea region, including states outside the member set.<\/p><\/figure><p class=\"nrp-p\">A <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">typhoon<\/a> is a regional event. The same track crosses the sea between members and reaches ports, power and supply chains in more than one country. Warning exchange, port continuity and insurance therefore need to be read across borders<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.4<\/span><span>At a glance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,581.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>people in the three members, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">25.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">USD trillion<\/span><p>combined output at current prices, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">17,268<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>combined emissions excluding land use, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">30.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>clean energy share of China\u2019s energy consumption, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">87.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Japan net energy imports as a share of energy use, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">members<\/span><p>China, Japan, Republic of Korea<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.5<\/span><span>What each steward reads in it<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of East Asian risk: heat, storm and fuel supply act on energy, health and food together.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as a heat day, a typhoon warning or a price change.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Insured and uninsured loss series by member are not bound.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>The members publish strong statistics on population, emissions and energy.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.6<\/span><span>What this edition is, and is not<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What this edition is<\/h3><p>A baseline: the state of East Asia\u2019s water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in 2026 read across China, Japan, Republic of Korea. It reads the shared basins and grids that no single member controls, and sets out the questions the operational series will answer.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What it is not<\/h3><p>Not a regional <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/glossary\/risk-assessment\/\" data-tgl=\"Nexus Standards glossary\">risk assessment<\/a>, an official warning or a rating. It decides nothing about any institution or asset. Competent authorities keep every mandate they hold, and each member\u2019s ownership of its own edition is unaffected. It does not stand for the European Union, which is a separate subject in the series.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What comes next<\/h3><p>Q1 2027 opens the operational series with a sealed Foundry evidence cut. Each later edition reports what changed against this baseline: new observations, source revisions, method changes, scenario updates and corrections.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Statistical Communiqu\u00e9 of the People\u2019s Republic of China on the 2025 National Economic and Social Development (preliminary figures, mainland China, 28 February 2026). NBS, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment of Japan (ed.), Japan\u2019s National Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals, FY2024 (press release, 14 April 2026). Ministry of the Environment, Tokyo. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Energy imports, net, % of energy use (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2025 (media release, 17 June 2026; report WMO-No. 1397). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>The Korea Times (ed.), Man investigated for causing South Korea\u2019s worst-ever <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> (about 48,238 hectares, at least 30 deaths, 30 March 2025). The Korea Times, Seoul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF, Mt CO2e (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>United States International Trade Administration (ed.), South Korea Country Commercial Guide: Energy (page updated 2026-06-26; generation mix 2024, provisional 2025, 11th Basic Plan, LNG imports). International Trade Administration, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Enerdata (ed.), Japan\u2019s 7th Strategic Energy Plan focuses on nuclear and renewables through 2040 (news item, 20 February 2025). Enerdata, Grenoble. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: GIIGNL (ed.), Annual Report on the LNG industry (latest edition at evidence close; import volumes by member not read). GIIGNL, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population ages 65 and above, % of total population (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Typhoon<\/a> Committee: cooperation and innovation save lives (news release, 13 March 2026; 27 named cyclones, ten landfalls in China). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre Tokyo (ed.), Review of the 2025 Typhoon Season (Typhoon Committee 58th session paper; the file could not be read as text). Typhoon Committee, Macao. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>China Daily (ed.), Natural disasters in China in 2025: 67.03 million people affected, 763 dead or missing, 241.6 billion yuan direct losses (report on a Ministry of Emergency Management briefing, 16 January 2026). China Daily, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cs-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-coupled-system\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/\">East Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 1<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">East Asia\u2019s risk is shared through weather, fuel and demography<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Part I describes systems and their couplings. It assesses no authority and ranks no member country.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>8 min read<\/span><span>2 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>15 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.1<\/span><span>The questions this part answers<\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Key questions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Where is East Asia\u2019s risk concentrated, and in which <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>?<\/li><li>Which couplings carry shocks across member borders?<\/li><li>Which capabilities hold under compound stress, and which are only documented?<\/li><li>What must the 2027 programme measure first?<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">In this part<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Narrative<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Headline finding<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Lead figure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Member system cards<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Shared basins and grids<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hub list<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Regional pathway<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Twelve-domain reading<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Sector screens<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Dependency matrix<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Risk objects<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Capability ladder<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Scenario<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Three lenses<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Portfolio<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.2<\/span><span>The argument<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>The three members held about 1,581.6 million people in 2025: China 1,406.6 million, Japan 123.4 million and the Republic of Korea 51.7 million on the World Bank series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. China\u2019s own year-end count was 1,404.89 million, a fall of 3.39 million; the difference from the World Bank value is about 1.7 million and the bases differ<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. This baseline reads East Asia as a region whose members share weather <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, seas and fuel markets, so that a shock in one reaches the others.<\/p><p>The forcing layer is visible in the records of 2025. Japan, China and the Republic of Korea each recorded their hottest summer<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>. China\u2019s annual mean temperature of 10.9 \u00b0C tied 2024 as the warmest year since 1951<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>. The Republic of Korea\u2019s annual mean of 13.7 \u00b0C was its second highest since 1973<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>. Marine heatwaves covered almost the whole ocean area of Asia in July to September, and sea level in the Kuroshio region rose by more than 6 mm a year from 1999 to 2025 against about 3.6 mm globally<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Wildfire<\/a> and storm add acute events. The Republic of Korea\u2019s March 2025 wildfires burned about 48,238 hectares and killed at least 30 people<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>. In China, natural disasters affected 67.03 million people and left 763 dead or missing, with 241.6 billion yuan of direct losses<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>. The western North Pacific season had 27 named cyclones, and ten typhoons made landfall in China<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The energy layer combines a rapid build-out with import exposure. China\u2019s wind and solar capacity reached 1,842 GW in total at the end of 2025 and clean energy supplied 30.4% of its energy consumption, while coal still supplied 51.4%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. Japan and the Republic of Korea net-import 87.3% and 83.2% of their energy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>. Japan\u2019s emissions fell below one billion tonnes net in FY2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The demographic layer sets the vulnerability. Japan has 30.0% of its people aged 65 or over, the Republic of Korea 20.3% and China 14.9%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>. The Republic of Korea\u2019s total fertility rate rose to 0.8 in 2025 from 0.7<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>. Heat, storm and supply interruption fall hardest on older people and on those who depend on powered care.<\/p><p>This edition therefore reads East Asia\u2019s risk as a property of the couplings between these forces. The matrix, risk objects, capability ladder and scenario that follow ask two questions: where does a shock travel next across a border, and who holds the capability to stop it?<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-fig1-t\">How import-dependent are the members? Net energy imports as a share of energy use, 2024 (%)<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Net energy imports were 87.3% of energy use in Japan, 83.2% in the Republic of Korea and 24.0% in China in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>. China\u2019s coal supply is mostly domestic and the series does not show the mix of fuels<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. LNG import volumes of China and Japan are not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">China<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"27.5\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">24<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Japan<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">87.3<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Republic of Korea<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"95.3\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">83.2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: as cited in the note to this figure. Year 2024.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Figure ID FIG-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-01-003<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">87.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Japan net energy imports, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">83.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Republic of Korea net energy imports, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">24.0<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>China net energy imports, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">46.33<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million t<\/span><p>Republic of Korea LNG imports, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.3<\/span><span>Twenty couplings between five systems<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The East Asia matrix types the twenty couplings between the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events; they set the starting graph that the Q1 2027 Foundry cut will test.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-fig2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-fig2-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-fig2-t\">Couplings between the five systems<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Each line is one coupling from one system to another, drawn by the strength the edition assigns. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events.<\/p><\/figcaption><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-ring\" viewBox=\"0 0 340 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Coupling ring: 20 typed couplings between water, energy, food, health and biodiversity. The matrix in the next table carries every value.\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><ul class=\"nrp-legend\"><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"STRONG\"><\/span>Strong<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"MODERATE\"><\/span>Moderate<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"WEAK\"><\/span>Weak<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: this edition&#8217;s coupling matrix (Table 1.1); status Estimated.<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling matrix: from the row system to the column system<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">From, to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">WAT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">ENE<\/th><th scope=\"col\">FOO<\/th><th scope=\"col\">HLT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">BIO<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><b>WAT<\/b> Water<\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">hydro \u00b7 thermal cooling<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">irrigation \u00b7 rain-fed yield<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">safe water \u00b7 sanitation<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>ENE<\/b> Energy<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pumping \u00b7 desalination<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fuel \u00b7 fertiliser \u00b7 cold chain<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">air pollution \u00b7 cooling<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">land use \u00b7 mining<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>FOO<\/b> Food<\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">\u224870% of withdrawals<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">bioenergy feedstock<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">nutrition \u00b7 food safety<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">land conversion<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>HLT<\/b> Health<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">labour \u00b7 disease<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">residues<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>BIO<\/b> Biodiversity<\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">biomass \u00b7 hydrology<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pollination \u00b7 soils<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">zoonoses \u00b7 medicines<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"6\">Strength: strong, moderate or weak; a Nexus estimate (status Estimated) from cited evidence and analogue events. The scale is defined in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Transmission paths<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 ENE \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Heat raises power demand and loads health services for an ageing population.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> hottest summer 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>; no event bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 INF \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Typhoon<\/a> landfall damages ports and lifelines and the loss falls on insurers and budgets.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> China disasters 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>; loss series not bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">TRD \u2192 ENE \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">A fuel supply change reaches power prices and food costs.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> import dependence<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>; no event bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Heat and low rainfall raise withdrawals and crop stress.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> withdrawals<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup>; no event bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Wildfire<\/a> deaths and displacement load emergency services.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> Korean wildfires 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.4<\/span><span>Reinforcing loops<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A shock entering either system of a loop can return amplified through the other.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Pairs of systems where both directions are rated strong<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Loop<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First direction<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Second direction<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT and FOO<\/span><\/td><td>Water to food: irrigation \u00b7 rain-fed yield<\/td><td>Food to water: \u224870% of withdrawals<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Water to biodiversity: flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/td><td>Biodiversity to water: regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Food to biodiversity: land conversion<\/td><td>Biodiversity to food: pollination \u00b7 soils<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"3\">A causal-loop reading of the matrix (Sterman, Business Dynamics, 2000): structural, from estimated strengths, not a measured feedback.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Statistical Communiqu\u00e9 of the People\u2019s Republic of China on the 2025 National Economic and Social Development (preliminary figures, mainland China, 28 February 2026). NBS, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2025 (media release, 17 June 2026; report WMO-No. 1397). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>China Daily (ed.), China reports warmest year on record tied with 2024 (report on the China Climate Bulletin 2025 of the China Meteorological Administration and the National Climate Center, 29 January 2026). China Daily, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>The Korea Times (ed.), 2025 was nation\u2019s second hottest year on record (report on the Korea Meteorological Administration announcement, 6 January 2026). The Korea Times, Seoul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>The Korea Times (ed.), Man investigated for causing South Korea\u2019s worst-ever <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> (about 48,238 hectares, at least 30 deaths, 30 March 2025). The Korea Times, Seoul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>China Daily (ed.), Natural disasters in China in 2025: 67.03 million people affected, 763 dead or missing, 241.6 billion yuan direct losses (report on a Ministry of Emergency Management briefing, 16 January 2026). China Daily, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Typhoon<\/a> Committee: cooperation and innovation save lives (news release, 13 March 2026; 27 named cyclones, ten landfalls in China). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Energy imports, net, % of energy use (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment of Japan (ed.), Japan\u2019s National Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals, FY2024 (press release, 14 April 2026). Ministry of the Environment, Tokyo. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population ages 65 and above, % of total population (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>The Korea Times (ed.), Number of newborns hits 4-year high in 2025 (report on the Ministry of Data and Statistics release, 25 February 2026; 254,457 births, total fertility rate 0.8). The Korea Times, Seoul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: GIIGNL (ed.), Annual Report on the LNG industry (latest edition at evidence close; import volumes by member not read). GIIGNL, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>United States International Trade Administration (ed.), South Korea Country Commercial Guide: Energy (page updated 2026-06-26; generation mix 2024, provisional 2025, 11th Basic Plan, LNG imports). International Trade Administration, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Annual freshwater withdrawals, total, % of internal resources (ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c1-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-findings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/\">East Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 2<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Key findings<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Twelve findings carry the baseline. They are grouped by system, never ranked. Each resolves to its source or, where Nexus analysis is involved, to its stated method.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>17 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.1<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-011\">NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-011<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Natural disasters affected 67.03 million people in China in 2025 and left 763 dead or missing; ten typhoons made landfall in China and the western North Pacific season had 27 named cyclones.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 2.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-fig1-t\">Deaths in 2025 disasters and typhoons<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">China, dead or missing, all natural disasters<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">763<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Typhoon season, region, more than<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"91.7\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">700<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Sources: Ministry of Emergency Management as reported<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>; WMO on the Typhoon Committee<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup>. The typhoon figure covers the whole western North Pacific and South China Sea region, including states outside the member set.<\/p><\/figure><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Implication<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">A <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">typhoon<\/a> is a regional event. The same track crosses the sea between members and reaches ports, power and supply chains in more than one country. Warning exchange, port continuity and insurance therefore need to be read across borders<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What would move it<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">Seasonal outlooks, track forecasts, port and grid continuity plans and insured-loss series would each move this finding. Losses for Japan and the Republic of Korea are not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.2<\/span><span>Climate forcing<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\">NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Japan, China and the Republic of Korea each recorded their hottest summer on record in 2025; China\u2019s annual mean of 10.9 \u00b0C tied 2024, and the Republic of Korea\u2019s 13.7 \u00b0C was its second highest since 1973.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002\">NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The Republic of Korea suffered its largest known wildfires in March 2025: about 48,238 hectares burned and at least 30 people died.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-004\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-004\">NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">An analysis of Chinese fuel and cement data put 2025 carbon dioxide emissions about 0.3% lower than in 2024, with solar generation up 43% and coal power down 1.9%; the authors call the fall too small to be certain.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-005\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-005\">NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-005<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Japan\u2019s net greenhouse gas emissions were 994 Mt CO\u2082e in FY2024, 1.9% below FY2023 and 28.7% below FY2013, the first year under one billion tonnes.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-011\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-011\">NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-011<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Natural disasters affected 67.03 million people in China in 2025 and left 763 dead or missing; ten typhoons made landfall in China and the western North Pacific season had 27 named cyclones.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.3<\/span><span>Energy<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-ENE-003\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-ENE-003\">NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-ENE-003<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Clean energy supplied 30.4% of China\u2019s energy consumption and coal 51.4% in 2025; wind and solar capacity stood at 640 GW and 1,202 GW at year end.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-ENE-006\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-ENE-006\">NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-ENE-006<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Net energy imports were 87.3% of energy use in Japan and 83.2% in the Republic of Korea in 2024, against 24.0% in China.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-ENE-007\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-ENE-007\">NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-ENE-007<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The Republic of Korea generated 31.7% of electricity from nuclear, 28.1% from coal, 28.1% from LNG and 10.6% from renewables in 2024, and imported about 46.33 million tonnes of LNG.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.4<\/span><span>Food<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-FOO-008\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-FOO-008\">NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-FOO-008<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Japan\u2019s calorie-based food self-sufficiency was 38% in FY2024, unchanged for the fourth year, against a target of 45% for FY2030; the production-value measure was 64%.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.5<\/span><span>Health<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-HLT-009\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-HLT-009\">NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-HLT-009<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Japan had 30.0% of its people aged 65 or over in 2025, the Republic of Korea 20.3% and China 14.9%; the Republic of Korea\u2019s total fertility rate was 0.8 and China\u2019s population fell by 3.39 million.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.6<\/span><span>Water<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-WAT-010\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-WAT-010\">NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-WAT-010<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Renewable internal freshwater was 1,992 m\u00b3 per person in China, 3,437 in Japan and 1,255 in the Republic of Korea in 2022, and the Republic of Korea withdrew 45.0% of its internal resources.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.7<\/span><span>Systemic<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\">NRF-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The leading compound pathway for 2027 testing is a hot summer with a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">typhoon<\/a> landfall in which power demand, imported fuel supply and an ageing population are stressed together. \u00a79.3<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>China Daily (ed.), Natural disasters in China in 2025: 67.03 million people affected, 763 dead or missing, 241.6 billion yuan direct losses (report on a Ministry of Emergency Management briefing, 16 January 2026). China Daily, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Typhoon<\/a> Committee: cooperation and innovation save lives (news release, 13 March 2026; 27 named cyclones, ten landfalls in China). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre Tokyo (ed.), Review of the 2025 Typhoon Season (Typhoon Committee 58th session paper; the file could not be read as text). Typhoon Committee, Macao. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2025 (media release, 17 June 2026; report WMO-No. 1397). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>China Daily (ed.), China reports warmest year on record tied with 2024 (report on the China Climate Bulletin 2025 of the China Meteorological Administration and the National Climate Center, 29 January 2026). China Daily, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>The Korea Times (ed.), 2025 was nation\u2019s second hottest year on record (report on the Korea Meteorological Administration announcement, 6 January 2026). The Korea Times, Seoul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>The Korea Times (ed.), Man investigated for causing South Korea\u2019s worst-ever <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> (about 48,238 hectares, at least 30 deaths, 30 March 2025). The Korea Times, Seoul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Carbon Brief (ed.), Analysis: China\u2019s CO2 emissions have now been flat or falling for 21 months (published 12 February 2026). Carbon Brief, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment of Japan (ed.), Japan\u2019s National Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals, FY2024 (press release, 14 April 2026). Ministry of the Environment, Tokyo. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Statistical Communiqu\u00e9 of the People\u2019s Republic of China on the 2025 National Economic and Social Development (preliminary figures, mainland China, 28 February 2026). NBS, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Energy imports, net, % of energy use (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>United States International Trade Administration (ed.), South Korea Country Commercial Guide: Energy (page updated 2026-06-26; generation mix 2024, provisional 2025, 11th Basic Plan, LNG imports). International Trade Administration, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Jiji Press (ed.), FY 2024 Japan food self-sufficiency rate remains at 38 pct (republished by Adnkronos English, 10 October 2025; report on a Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries release). Adnkronos, Rome. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population ages 65 and above, % of total population (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>The Korea Times (ed.), Number of newborns hits 4-year high in 2025 (report on the Ministry of Data and Statistics release, 25 February 2026; 254,457 births, total fertility rate 0.8). The Korea Times, Seoul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita, cubic metres (ER.H2O.INTR.PC), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Annual freshwater withdrawals, total, % of internal resources (ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c2-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-systems-and-sectors\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/\">East Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 3<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems and sectors at baseline<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>8 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>24 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.1<\/span><span>Where each system stood at evidence close<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WAT \u00b7 Water<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Renewable internal freshwater per person, Republic of Korea<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,255<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">m\u00b3<\/span><p>China 1,992 m\u00b3 and Japan 3,437 m\u00b3. The Republic of Korea withdrew 45.0% of its internal resources.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2022<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">ENE \u00b7 Energy<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">China clean energy share of total energy consumption<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">30.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Coal supplied 51.4%. Wind and solar capacity reached 1,842 GW at the end of 2025.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>NBS China<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FOO \u00b7 Food<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Japan food self-sufficiency, calorie basis<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">38<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Unchanged for four years. The production-value basis was 64%. The target is 45% for FY2030.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>FY2024<\/span><span>Jiji Press via Adnkronos<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HLT \u00b7 Health<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Population aged 65 or over, Japan<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">30.0<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>The Republic of Korea reached 20.3% and China 14.9%.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">BIO \u00b7 Biodiversity<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Terrestrial area protected, Japan<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">29.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>The Republic of Korea 17.4% and China 15.6%. Condition of habitats is not bound.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SYS \u00b7 Cross-system<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">People affected by natural disasters in China<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">67.03<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>763 dead or missing and 241.6 billion yuan of direct losses.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>Ministry of Emergency Management as reported<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.2<\/span><span>Domain posture<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each of the twelve coupled domains is read in words, not scored. The reading states where the regional evidence points; the coupling column names the dependency that carries risk across <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and borders.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Each domain read in words, not scored<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Domain<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Posture at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT<\/span><\/td><td>Renewable freshwater per person 1,255 to 3,437 m\u00b3 in 2022; the Republic of Korea withdrew 45.0% of its internal resources<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT \u2192 ENE \u00b7 WAT \u2192 FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE<\/span><\/td><td>China clean energy 30.4% of consumption in 2025; Japan and the Republic of Korea import more than 80% of energy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO<\/span><\/td><td>Japan calorie self-sufficiency 38% in FY2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>. Grain output of China is 714.88 million tonnes in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. Other members not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO \u2190 WAT, CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT<\/span><\/td><td>Ageing: 30.0%, 20.3% and 14.9% aged 65 or over in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>. Heat deaths not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT \u2190 CLI, ENE<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Protected: 15.6% to 29.5% of land in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup>. Condition not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO \u2194 WAT, FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CLI<\/span><\/td><td>Hottest summer on record in all three members in 2025; 67.03 million people affected by disasters in China<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">forcing on all systems<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF<\/span><\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Typhoon<\/a> landfalls reach ports and grids; grid and port continuity not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN<\/span><\/td><td>Insured and uninsured disaster losses by member not bound; China direct losses 241.6 billion yuan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN \u2190 CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT<\/span><\/td><td>Digital dependencies of lifelines not mapped at public-safe resolution.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT \u2192 ENE, FIN<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC<\/span><\/td><td>Data-centre and compute demand on grids and water not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC \u2192 ENE, WAT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN<\/span><\/td><td>Mineral and fuel trade between members not bound at baseline<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN \u2190 TRD<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD<\/span><\/td><td>LNG and coal trade routes shape import exposure of Japan and the Republic of Korea<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.3<\/span><span>Sector screens<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">All sixteen global sectors are screened on the same grammar as every national edition, so later editions can say what changed. The evidence column describes coverage of the baseline evidence, not the performance of the sector.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Sectors: baseline evidence and the exposure to watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Code<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Sector<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Exposure to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-00<\/span><\/td><td>Cross-system<\/td><td>compound heat, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">typhoon<\/a> and fuel supply stress<\/td><td>hot summer with a landfall<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-01<\/span><\/td><td>Water<\/td><td>withdrawals 45.0% of internal resources in the Republic of Korea<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>drought and heat<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-02<\/span><\/td><td>Energy<\/td><td>clean energy 30.4% in China<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>; imports above 80% in Japan and the Republic of Korea<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>fuel supply and peak demand<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-03<\/span><\/td><td>Food<\/td><td>Japan self-sufficiency 38%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>import and heat shocks<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-04<\/span><\/td><td>Health<\/td><td>ageing 30.0% in Japan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat load on services<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-05<\/span><\/td><td>Finance<\/td><td>loss series not bound<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-06<\/span><\/td><td>Development<\/td><td>output USD 25.8 trillion combined<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>not bound<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-07<\/span><\/td><td>Climate<\/td><td>Japan emissions 28.7% below FY2013<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>; targets filed<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat, storm and fire<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-08<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster<\/td><td>China 67.03 million affected<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>; Nankai estimate not read<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>compound and sequential events<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-09<\/span><\/td><td>Infrastructure<\/td><td>typhoon landfalls reported<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>port and grid continuity<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-10<\/span><\/td><td>Cities<\/td><td>not read at regional level<\/td><td>urban heat<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-11<\/span><\/td><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>protected area shares published<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>condition not bound<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-12<\/span><\/td><td>Earth observation<\/td><td>WMO assessment published<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>continuity of records<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-13<\/span><\/td><td>Cyber and digital<\/td><td>dependencies not mapped<\/td><td>systemic outages<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-14<\/span><\/td><td>Policy<\/td><td>energy plans and carbon neutrality law<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>coordination across members<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-15<\/span><\/td><td>Science<\/td><td>compound-event and nexus literature<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n45\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n46\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r46\" aria-label=\"Note 46\">46<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n47\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r47\" aria-label=\"Note 47\">47<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>translation to members<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita, cubic metres (ER.H2O.INTR.PC), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Annual freshwater withdrawals, total, % of internal resources (ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Statistical Communiqu\u00e9 of the People\u2019s Republic of China on the 2025 National Economic and Social Development (preliminary figures, mainland China, 28 February 2026). NBS, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Jiji Press (ed.), FY 2024 Japan food self-sufficiency rate remains at 38 pct (republished by Adnkronos English, 10 October 2025; report on a Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries release). Adnkronos, Rome. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population ages 65 and above, % of total population (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Terrestrial protected areas, % of total land area (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>China Daily (ed.), Natural disasters in China in 2025: 67.03 million people affected, 763 dead or missing, 241.6 billion yuan direct losses (report on a Ministry of Emergency Management briefing, 16 January 2026). China Daily, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Energy imports, net, % of energy use (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Fire and Disaster Management Agency of Japan (ed.), Heatstroke emergency transports, May to September 2025 (totals in search summaries differed and are not used). FDMA, Tokyo. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2025 (media release, 17 June 2026; report WMO-No. 1397). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Typhoon<\/a> Committee: cooperation and innovation save lives (news release, 13 March 2026; 27 named cyclones, ten landfalls in China). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: GIIGNL (ed.), Annual Report on the LNG industry (latest edition at evidence close; import volumes by member not read). GIIGNL, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>United States International Trade Administration (ed.), South Korea Country Commercial Guide: Energy (page updated 2026-06-26; generation mix 2024, provisional 2025, 11th Basic Plan, LNG imports). International Trade Administration, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment of Japan (ed.), Japan\u2019s National Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals, FY2024 (press release, 14 April 2026). Ministry of the Environment, Tokyo. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of China (ed.), Nationally determined contribution for 2035 and biennial transparency report (taken from memory of the 2025 announcement; figures not used). UNFCCC secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Japan (ed.), Nationally determined contribution for 2035 and 2040 (taken from the draft Japan national edition and memory; figures not used here). UNFCCC secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of the Republic of Korea (ed.), Nationally determined contribution for 2035 (taken from memory of the late 2025 announcement; figures not used). UNFCCC secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Cabinet Office of Japan (ed.), Damage estimate for a Nankai Trough megaquake, revised 2025 (taken from the draft Japan national edition; figures not used here). Cabinet Office, Tokyo. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Enerdata (ed.), Japan\u2019s 7th Strategic Energy Plan focuses on nuclear and renewables through 2040 (news item, 20 February 2025). Enerdata, Grenoble. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: National Assembly of the Republic of Korea (ed.), Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth for Coping with Climate Crisis, 2021. Republic of Korea. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2023. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r45\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 45\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r46\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 46\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-n47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c3-r47\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 47\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-risk-and-capability\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/\">East Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 4<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Risks and capability<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Four regional risk objects open the portfolio. Order carries no rank. Each is read across driver, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, cascade and consequence; loss metrics are added only where they can be modelled.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>23 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.1<\/span><span>Risk objects<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each risk is read across the chain from hazard to consequence, with its status and evidence-quality level.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-EAS-CLI-001<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Typhoon and flood season across the western North Pacific<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>tropical cyclones and extreme rainfall<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>coastal cities, ports and lowland farming<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>ageing populations and dense coasts; flood defences not bound<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>regional <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">typhoon<\/a> committee and warning exchange; documented<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 INF, FIN, HLT<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>annual<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-EAS-ENE-002<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Fuel import interruption in a hot summer<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>supply route change, price spike or outage at peak demand<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>power, industry, heating and cooling<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>storage depth and LNG flows not bound<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>national energy plans<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>; performance not bound<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>TRD \u2192 ENE \u2192 FOO, FIN<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1\u20135 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-EAS-HLT-003<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Heat overload of care services for an ageing population<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>heat waves<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>older adults; outdoor workers<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>limited cooling; workforce not bound<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>health system capacity not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 HLT \u2192 ENE peak<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>seasonal<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-EAS-WAT-004<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Water stress in a dry, hot year<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>low rainfall and high summer demand<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>farming, cooling water, cities<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>high withdrawal against internal resources in the Republic of Korea<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>basin management not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>WAT \u2192 ENE, FOO<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1\u20135 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.2<\/span><span>Capability ladder<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Existence is not readiness. Each of the fifteen capability functions is placed on the ladder by the strongest public evidence at the regional level, from a policy listing to performance in real events.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 4.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Capabilities on the ladder of evidence: listed, exists, demonstrated, tested<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Function<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rung<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Level<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Strongest public evidence at baseline<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Prevention and mitigation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>national targets filed or set for 2035<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup>; carbon neutrality law in the Republic of Korea<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoring and observation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>WMO, national weather services and statistics offices publish series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>regional <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">typhoon<\/a> committee operates<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup>; delivery by member not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preparedness and planning<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> adopted<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup>; Nankai Trough estimate not read<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup>; delivery not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Redundancy and reserves<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: fuel stock registers \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Response<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: after-action records for typhoon, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> and heat events \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Continuity of critical services<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: utility and port records \u00b7 blocker: not published<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recovery<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: recovery agency and insurer records \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adaptation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>biodiversity framework adopted<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n44\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup>; delivery not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Social protection<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: income-support and disaster-payment records \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance and insurance<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: insurer and reinsurer loss data \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Institutional coordination<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>the Typhoon Committee and the air pollution project exist<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup>; performance not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Technical infrastructure<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: asset-condition registers \u00b7 blocker: not published<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Workforce<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: health and emergency workforce registers \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Research capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>compound-event and nexus research is published<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n45\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n46\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r46\" aria-label=\"Note 46\">46<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n47\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r47\" aria-label=\"Note 47\">47<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"4\">A capability listed in policy is not a tested one; each rung is the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Typhoon<\/a> Committee: cooperation and innovation save lives (news release, 13 March 2026; 27 named cyclones, ten landfalls in China). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>United States International Trade Administration (ed.), South Korea Country Commercial Guide: Energy (page updated 2026-06-26; generation mix 2024, provisional 2025, 11th Basic Plan, LNG imports). International Trade Administration, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Enerdata (ed.), Japan\u2019s 7th Strategic Energy Plan focuses on nuclear and renewables through 2040 (news item, 20 February 2025). Enerdata, Grenoble. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population ages 65 and above, % of total population (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Fire and Disaster Management Agency of Japan (ed.), Heatstroke emergency transports, May to September 2025 (totals in search summaries differed and are not used). FDMA, Tokyo. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Annual freshwater withdrawals, total, % of internal resources (ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ministry of Water Resources of China (ed.), China Water Resources Bulletin 2025 (not retrieved). Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of China (ed.), Nationally determined contribution for 2035 and biennial transparency report (taken from memory of the 2025 announcement; figures not used). UNFCCC secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Japan (ed.), Nationally determined contribution for 2035 and 2040 (taken from the draft Japan national edition and memory; figures not used here). UNFCCC secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of the Republic of Korea (ed.), Nationally determined contribution for 2035 (taken from memory of the late 2025 announcement; figures not used). UNFCCC secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: National Assembly of the Republic of Korea (ed.), Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth for Coping with Climate Crisis, 2021. Republic of Korea. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Statistical Communiqu\u00e9 of the People\u2019s Republic of China on the 2025 National Economic and Social Development (preliminary figures, mainland China, 28 February 2026). NBS, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2025 (media release, 17 June 2026; report WMO-No. 1397). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>China Daily (ed.), China reports warmest year on record tied with 2024 (report on the China Climate Bulletin 2025 of the China Meteorological Administration and the National Climate Center, 29 January 2026). China Daily, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>The Korea Times (ed.), 2025 was nation\u2019s second hottest year on record (report on the Korea Meteorological Administration announcement, 6 January 2026). The Korea Times, Seoul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Cabinet Office of Japan (ed.), Damage estimate for a Nankai Trough megaquake, revised 2025 (taken from the draft Japan national edition; figures not used here). Cabinet Office, Tokyo. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: GIIGNL (ed.), Annual Report on the LNG industry (latest edition at evidence close; import volumes by member not read). GIIGNL, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r44\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 44\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: North-East Asian Subregional Programme for Environmental Cooperation (ed.), Review of the main activities on transboundary air pollution in North-East Asia (listed in search results). NEASPEC, Incheon. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2023. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r45\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 45\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r46\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 46\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-n47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c4-r47\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 47\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-scenario\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/\">East Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 5<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Hot summer with a typhoon landfall across the Yellow Sea and East China Sea corridor<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">A conditional statement under stated assumptions, never a prediction.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>3 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>5 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.1<\/span><span>Assumptions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Scenario SCN-EAS-HEAT-01: what is assumed, and what is held constant.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Baseline<\/dt><dd>the 2026 reference state in this edition<\/dd><dt>Drivers<\/dt><dd>an extended heat wave with peak power demand, followed by a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">typhoon<\/a> landfall, with imported fuel supply tight<\/dd><dt>Analogues<\/dt><dd>hottest summer 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>; Korean wildfires 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>; typhoon season 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Interventions<\/dt><dd>none modelled, the specification describes the unmitigated case<\/dd><dt>Run state<\/dt><dd>narrative specification; quantified Foundry run scheduled for Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.2<\/span><span>The cascade, step by step<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 ENE<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">heat raises power demand while fuel supply is tight<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">import dependence<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">heat raises hospital stays and deaths among older people<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">ageing<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>; no deaths series bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">typhoon<\/a> landfall disrupts ports and lines<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">typhoon season 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">INF \u2192 ENE \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">port closure delays fuel and food cargoes<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">no analogue bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">HLT \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">losses fall on households, insurers and budgets<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">loss series not bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">FIN \u2192 recovery<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">rebuilding slows where cover is thin<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">loss series not bound<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.3<\/span><span>The scenario as a table of steps<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">How the shock in scenario SCN-EAS-HEAT-01 would travel through East Asia&#8217;s coupled <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, step by step, under the assumptions the edition states.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Climate to energy<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Heat raises power demand while fuel supply is tight. Analogue or source: import dependence [24].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-EAS, scenario SCN-EAS-HEAT-01, step 1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 Climate to health<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Heat raises hospital stays and deaths among older people. Analogue or source: ageing [3]; no deaths series bound.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-EAS, scenario SCN-EAS-HEAT-01, step 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 Climate to infrastructure<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">typhoon<\/a> landfall disrupts ports and lines. Analogue or source: typhoon season 2025 [13].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-EAS, scenario SCN-EAS-HEAT-01, step 3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 Infrastructure to energy<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Port closure delays fuel and food cargoes. Analogue or source: no analogue bound.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-EAS, scenario SCN-EAS-HEAT-01, step 4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 Health to finance<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Losses fall on households, insurers and budgets. Analogue or source: loss series not bound.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-EAS, scenario SCN-EAS-HEAT-01, step 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Finance to recovery<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Rebuilding slows where cover is thin. Analogue or source: loss series not bound.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-EAS, scenario SCN-EAS-HEAT-01, step 6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of a conditional scenario under the edition&#8217;s stated assumptions: not a forecast, not a prediction and not a warning. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/scenario\/\" rel=\"noopener\">East Asia 2026, scenario SCN-EAS-HEAT-01<\/a> (2026); East Asia 2026, references (NR-CIT-1) (2026).<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2025 (media release, 17 June 2026; report WMO-No. 1397). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>The Korea Times (ed.), Man investigated for causing South Korea\u2019s worst-ever <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> (about 48,238 hectares, at least 30 deaths, 30 March 2025). The Korea Times, Seoul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Typhoon<\/a> Committee: cooperation and innovation save lives (news release, 13 March 2026; 27 named cyclones, ten landfalls in China). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Energy imports, net, % of energy use (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population ages 65 and above, % of total population (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c5-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-lenses-and-readings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/\">East Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 6<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Readings from the other desks<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The regional baseline is read through each steward\u2019s lens, then once as a whole. Each lens is a projection of reviewed findings, not a separate argument. The other desks&#8217; own editions of this subject are listed first, as cross-references, not copies.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>14 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>8 tables<\/span><span>35 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.1<\/span><span>The other desks&#8217; editions of this subject<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Federation: each desk writes its own edition for the subjects in its remit. Until a desk releases, its edition shows its frame and the reading this edition printed for it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Desk<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-host=\"true\"><th scope=\"row\">GCRI Systems Evidence<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRF Public Deliberation<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRA Capital Readiness<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Standards Progress<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Academy Capability<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Index Measurement<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.2<\/span><span>Three lenses<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">One edition, read by each steward. The lens of this site comes first.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\" data-host=\"true\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of East Asian risk: heat, storm and fuel supply act on energy, health and food together. Evidence is strongest for population, emissions and the national energy statistics, and weakest for losses, fuel stocks and the condition of nature.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-001 \u00b7 CLI-011 \u00b7 ENE-006 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRF \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as a heat day, a typhoon warning or a price change. The baseline asks that public debate weigh how shared seas and shared fuel markets make one member\u2019s event another member\u2019s problem.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-001 \u00b7 HLT-009 \u00b7 ENE-006<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRA \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Insured and uninsured loss series by member are not bound. These show where finance-readiness evidence matters. Nothing here is advice, a rating or an endorsement.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-011 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>The members publish strong statistics on population, emissions and energy. The 2027 programme should bind loss, fuel-stock and trade data, test the hot summer with a landfall, and measure the condition of nature.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">SYS-012 \u00b7 A-01 \u00b7 A-02<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.3<\/span><span>Standards, Academy and steward contributions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">How the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> drafts, the Risk Academy and the three stewards feed each quarterly edition for East Asia. The standards are preparatory working drafts (October 2026) and are cited as drafts, never as adopted standards.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The quarterly rhythm every edition follows<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Quarter<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Boundary<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Q1<\/td><td>State and Agenda<\/td><td>What matters this year, and what is the starting position?<\/td><td>observed baseline stays distinct from planned work<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q2<\/td><td>Evidence and Build<\/td><td>What new evidence and capability have been developed?<\/td><td>a configured capability is not a validated result<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q3<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stress Test<\/a> and Readiness<\/td><td>What do scenarios and tests reveal?<\/td><td>simulated loss or performance is not observed impact<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q4<\/td><td>Annual Synthesis and Renewal<\/td><td>What did the year establish, and what changes next?<\/td><td>release follows review, not event publicity deadlines<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Who contributes what each quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Steward or body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contribution route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GCRI Canada<\/td><td>Lead Institution and Consortium Secretariat; publisher of record; technical truth (key T)<\/td><td>science and practice communities \u00b7 GCRI gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Forum (GRF)<\/td><td>leadership, dialogue and the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> programme; public meaning (key M)<\/td><td>policy, Universe and national adoption \u00b7 GRF gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)<\/td><td>finance, insurance and development readiness; capital meaning (key F)<\/td><td>finance and insurance \u00b7 GRA gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nexus Standards<\/td><td>preparatory drafts on vocabulary, hazards, indicators and methods<\/td><td>Standards site \u00b7 working groups HAZ, IND, MTH, FIN, AI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk Academy<\/td><td>learning pathways tied to the agenda questions<\/td><td>Academy gateway \u00b7 learning by review<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>East Asia regional pathway<\/td><td>regional pathway: hubs named in the registry<\/td><td>regional Commons room<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards drafts used in this edition<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Risk vocabulary NRS-C1 (424 terms) for terms in the glossary<\/li><li>Hazard atlas NHS-1 1.1.0 (905 hazards in 120 families) for risk objects<\/li><li>Seven risk classes: global, catastrophic, existential, emerging, planetary, exponential, frontier-tech<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards calendar to watch<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Founding calls from 20 October 2026; working groups meet from 5 November 2026<\/li><li>Inaugural Global Standards Council session, 12 January 2027<\/li><li>Quarterly reviews in March, June, September and December, aligned with each edition<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Nothing here certifies. A Nexus attestation records an evaluation under a mandate; it confers no certification, endorsement or approval. Adoption of any standard in a member country is a decision of that country\u2019s standards body.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.4<\/span><span>GCRI reading: the model card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-p\">GCRI&#8217;s reading of this edition is its model card: what the national model is, what it computes and where it stops. It is printed in full in Annex A, with the methods it belongs to. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/methodology\/\">Annex A, methodology<\/a><\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.5<\/span><span>Global Risks Forum reading: editorial essays<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Four signed essays by the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> editorial team set out the positions this edition takes. They are interpretation, labelled as such; the evidence they draw on is in the findings register.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Typhoons, heat domes and marine heat do not stop at a coast. The baseline treats the shared sea and the shared storm track as units of analysis, with member countries as the places where the effects land.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 01<\/h3><p>Weather crosses the sea first<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The registry names three members for East Asia. Other places in the geography of East Asia are not members of this edition and are not read here. No union or bloc shares the region code, so there is no reference group.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 02<\/h3><p>Three members, one region<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Japan and the Republic of Korea import most of their energy while China imports about a quarter. Security depends on diversity of routes and stocks, not on volume alone.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 03<\/h3><p>Supply security is a design question<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Several data that matter most for risk, including heat deaths, fuel stocks and losses by member, could not be read at evidence close. The edition shows each gap and the source that would fill it.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 04<\/h3><p>Gaps are findings too<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Essays are signed views of the editorial team. Contributed articles from working groups, consortium institutions and invited experts begin with the Q1 2027 edition, each with its own review route and disclosures.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.6<\/span><span>Global Risks Alliance reading: 2027 regional readiness pack<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The registers that open the 2027 regional cycle. At baseline each is initialised from this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">2027 regional readiness pack<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Register<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First 2027 entry<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>E1<\/td><td>Regional risk state delta<\/td><td>baseline set by this edition<\/td><td>changes against the baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E2<\/td><td>WEFH+B state delta<\/td><td>five regional system readings set<\/td><td>indicator updates and freshness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E3<\/td><td>Agenda and Portfolio movement<\/td><td>eight agenda items \u00b7 7 proposed objects<\/td><td>admission decisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E4<\/td><td>Federation delivery register<\/td><td>editions in programme as listed in the series registry<\/td><td>regional and sector baselines<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E5<\/td><td>Consortium capability register<\/td><td>national consortia forming<\/td><td>first contributions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E6<\/td><td>Leadership questions and challenges<\/td><td>none yet<\/td><td>first challenge log<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E7<\/td><td>Foundry technical state<\/td><td>national environments prepared<\/td><td>first federation cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E8<\/td><td>Publication candidates<\/td><td>twelve findings carried forward<\/td><td>PUBLISH \u00b7 HOLD dispositions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E9<\/td><td>Universe readiness<\/td><td>one candidate mission<\/td><td>admission and role spine<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E10<\/td><td>Correction register<\/td><td>none<\/td><td>first federation-wide cycle<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication dispositions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Publish<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hold<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Needs evidence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Restricted<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Superseded<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Programme progress is not real-world risk improvement. These registers record the work of the Nexus programme; they report on no state or organisation.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.7<\/span><span>Nexus Standards reading: standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Instruments that shape the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in this edition, by status on the retrieval date. The edition assesses no one\u2019s compliance.<\/p><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">IN FORCE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ADOPTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SUBMITTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">UNDER REVIEW<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instrument<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Scope<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Relevance<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>, 2015<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n51\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r51\" aria-label=\"Note 51\">51<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNFCCC parties<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>climate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>China nationally determined contribution for 2035<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>China<\/td><td>China<\/td><td>FILED 2025<\/td><td>climate target<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Japan nationally determined contribution for 2035 and 2040<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Japan<\/td><td>Japan<\/td><td>FILED 2025<\/td><td>climate target<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Republic of Korea nationally determined contribution for 2035<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Republic of Korea<\/td><td>Republic of Korea<\/td><td>FILED 2025<\/td><td>climate target<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Republic of Korea<\/td><td>Republic of Korea<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>climate law<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Japan 7th Strategic Energy Plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Japan<\/td><td>Japan<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2025<\/td><td>power mix<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Korea 11th Basic Plan for electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Republic of Korea<\/td><td>Republic of Korea<\/td><td>ADOPTED<\/td><td>power mix<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> 2015\u20132030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNDRR<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2015<\/td><td>disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk reduction<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kunming-Montreal Framework<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n44\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CBD<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2022<\/td><td>30by30<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Changed since 2024<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>The Republic of Korea\u2019s 2035 target was filed in late 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Japan\u2019s 7th Strategic Energy Plan was adopted in February 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>China filed its 2035 target in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">To watch in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Annual progress of the Korean 11th Basic Plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Japan\u2019s FY2040 power mix against the plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>China\u2019s first national inventory cut against its 2035 target<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Status is read from the issuing body on the retrieval date. A change in status opens a review task for every finding that relies on the instrument.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.8<\/span><span>Risk Academy reading: literature and evidence review: science and assessments<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The review behind this edition covers peer-reviewed science, regional and international assessments and the institutional reports that bind its findings. Full systematic reviews begin in Q1 2027 for each agenda item.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Review protocol<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Question<\/dt><dd>What does the published evidence establish about East Asia\u2019s coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity risks across its member countries?<\/dd><dt>Sources searched<\/dt><dd>peer-reviewed literature; regional and international assessments; official releases; statutory instruments<\/dd><dt>Window<\/dt><dd>releases available at evidence close, 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Selection<\/dt><dd>sources that bind or contextualise a finding in this edition<\/dd><dt>Next step<\/dt><dd>systematic reviews for agenda items A-01 to A-05 in Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Science and assessments<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Lee and Romero (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n45\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>forcing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>McElwee et al. (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n47\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r47\" aria-label=\"Note 47\">47<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>nexus interlinkages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zscheischler et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n46\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Note 46\">46<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>compound events<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WMO Asia assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>agency assessment<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>regional climate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>2015<\/td><td>context<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk reduction<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Institutional reports<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>State of the Climate in Asia 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>WMO<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>heat, sea, fire<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Typhoon<\/a> Committee facts<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>WMO and committee<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>typhoons<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>China Climate Bulletin 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CMA, as reported<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>China climate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Korea climate summary 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>KMA, as reported<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>Korea climate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Japan climate summary<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>JMA<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>Japan climate<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Official statistics and regional sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>World Development Indicators<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water and air series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>water, air<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Communiqu\u00e9 for 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NBS China<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>China profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Emissions FY2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Ministry of the Environment of Japan<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>climate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy plans<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>trade.gov and Enerdata<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>power mix<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Industry, grid and international sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Global Energy Review<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IEA<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>energy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Renewable capacity statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IRENA<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>capacity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LNG annual report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>GIIGNL<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>fuel trade<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>China water bulletin<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Ministry of Water Resources<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>water<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Korea inventory<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>GIR Korea<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>emissions<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where the evidence agrees<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Heat, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> and storm records are rising across the region<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Compound and sequential hazards load health and services together<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n46\" aria-label=\"Note 46\">46<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Energy import exposure differs sharply between members<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where it is unsettled<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>How large China\u2019s 2025 emissions change was on the national inventory basis<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How fast Japan and the Republic of Korea can raise low-carbon output against their plans<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How many heat deaths remain unrecorded<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEWS AND PREPRINTS<\/p><p>No news report or preprint binds a finding in this edition. News is used only to date events; preprints used from Q1 2027 will be flagged as not peer-reviewed.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n51\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">51<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: United Nations (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>. UNFCCC secretariat, Bonn, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r51\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 51\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of China (ed.), Nationally determined contribution for 2035 and biennial transparency report (taken from memory of the 2025 announcement; figures not used). UNFCCC secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Japan (ed.), Nationally determined contribution for 2035 and 2040 (taken from the draft Japan national edition and memory; figures not used here). UNFCCC secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of the Republic of Korea (ed.), Nationally determined contribution for 2035 (taken from memory of the late 2025 announcement; figures not used). UNFCCC secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: National Assembly of the Republic of Korea (ed.), Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth for Coping with Climate Crisis, 2021. Republic of Korea. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Enerdata (ed.), Japan\u2019s 7th Strategic Energy Plan focuses on nuclear and renewables through 2040 (news item, 20 February 2025). Enerdata, Grenoble. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>United States International Trade Administration (ed.), South Korea Country Commercial Guide: Energy (page updated 2026-06-26; generation mix 2024, provisional 2025, 11th Basic Plan, LNG imports). International Trade Administration, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 44\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2023. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 45\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r47\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 47\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 46\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2025 (media release, 17 June 2026; report WMO-No. 1397). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Typhoon<\/a> Committee: cooperation and innovation save lives (news release, 13 March 2026; 27 named cyclones, ten landfalls in China). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre Tokyo (ed.), Review of the 2025 Typhoon Season (Typhoon Committee 58th session paper; the file could not be read as text). Typhoon Committee, Macao. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>China Daily (ed.), China reports warmest year on record tied with 2024 (report on the China Climate Bulletin 2025 of the China Meteorological Administration and the National Climate Center, 29 January 2026). China Daily, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>The Korea Times (ed.), 2025 was nation\u2019s second hottest year on record (report on the Korea Meteorological Administration announcement, 6 January 2026). The Korea Times, Seoul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Japan Meteorological Agency (ed.), Annual climate summary for 2025 (the file could not be read as text; values in search summaries were not used). JMA, Tokyo. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population ages 65 and above, % of total population (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF, Mt CO2e (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure, \u00b5g per cubic metre (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita, cubic metres (ER.H2O.INTR.PC), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Annual freshwater withdrawals, total, % of internal resources (ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Statistical Communiqu\u00e9 of the People\u2019s Republic of China on the 2025 National Economic and Social Development (preliminary figures, mainland China, 28 February 2026). NBS, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment of Japan (ed.), Japan\u2019s National Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals, FY2024 (press release, 14 April 2026). Ministry of the Environment, Tokyo. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Energy Agency (ed.), Global Energy Review 2026. IEA, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Renewable Energy Agency (ed.), Renewable Capacity Statistics 2026. IRENA, Abu Dhabi. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: GIIGNL (ed.), Annual Report on the LNG industry (latest edition at evidence close; import volumes by member not read). GIIGNL, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ministry of Water Resources of China (ed.), China Water Resources Bulletin 2025 (not retrieved). Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center of Korea (ed.), National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of Korea (latest submission; not retrieved). GIR, Sejong. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Energy imports, net, % of energy use (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Carbon Brief (ed.), Analysis: China\u2019s CO2 emissions have now been flat or falling for 21 months (published 12 February 2026). Carbon Brief, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Fire and Disaster Management Agency of Japan (ed.), Heatstroke emergency transports, May to September 2025 (totals in search summaries differed and are not used). FDMA, Tokyo. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-agenda\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/\">East Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 7<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">The 2027 agenda<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Eight bounded questions open the 2027 Regional Agenda. Each comes from a baseline finding, names the initiative that will carry it and the first output due at the Q1 2027 cut.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>6 tables<\/span><span>3 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.1<\/span><span>Questions for the operational series<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How would a hot summer and a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">typhoon<\/a> landfall load power <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, health services and ports across the members?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-EAS-CLI-01 \u00b7 compound summer and typhoon stress; first output: dependency graph for the Yellow Sea and East China Sea corridor.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How deep are fuel stocks and how diverse are supply routes for Japan and the Republic of Korea?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-EAS-ENE-02 \u00b7 imported fuel resilience; first output: stock-and-route register.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How do water withdrawals and drought reach farming, cooling water and cities?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-EAS-WAT-03 \u00b7 water stress; first output: water balance note for the Republic of Korea and northern China.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How many deaths can be attributed to heat, by member and year?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-EAS-HLT-04 \u00b7 heat and ageing; first output: attribution baseline for three members.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Where do typhoon and flood losses fall between insurers, households and public budgets?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-EAS-FIN-05 \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a>; first output: peril-by-member loss table.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">What is the condition of habitats and how is it measured across members?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-EAS-BIO-01 \u00b7 workstream; first output: condition indicator note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How exposed are crop output and food access to concurrent heat, drought and price shocks?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in Q1 2027; first output: scoping note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which capabilities have been tested in real events, and which are only documented?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">Regional capability register; first output: rung evidence for 15 functions.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.2<\/span><span>Portfolio proposed for the Q1 2027 alignment<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Six initiatives and one Universe mission candidate are proposed for the 2027 regional portfolio. They are programme objects, no partner, funder or member is attached to them in this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Objects proposed for the first operational quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Object<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-EAS-CLI-01<\/span><\/td><td>Compound summer and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">typhoon<\/a> stress<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-EAS-ENE-02<\/span><\/td><td>Imported fuel and grid resilience<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-02<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-EAS-WAT-03<\/span><\/td><td>Water stress in dry, hot years<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-03<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-EAS-HLT-04<\/span><\/td><td>Heat and ageing attribution<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-04<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-EAS-FIN-05<\/span><\/td><td>Typhoon and flood <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-05<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PRJ-EAS-CLI-01a<\/span><\/td><td>Yellow Sea corridor compound summer dependency graph<\/td><td>Project<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MSN-EAS-2027-01<\/span><\/td><td>Heat, typhoon and fuel Universe mission<\/td><td>Mission<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.3<\/span><span>The pathway<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The East Asia regional pathway is the route through which the Nexus operating system will read East Asia as one region from 2027. At baseline the pathway is designed and its hubs are named in the series registry; its working arrangements are set from Q1 2027. This page states what exists today and what comes next, nothing more.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Foundries<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">continuous national evidence environments<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">PREPARED \u00b7 first sealed cuts in Q1 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Models and Portfolios<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">each country as a system of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANADA v0 ISSUED \u00b7 25 further national baselines<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Quarterly national reports<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">State &amp; Agenda, Evidence, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stress Test<\/a>, Annual<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE STAGE \u00b7 Q1 2027 opens the series<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Regional aggregation<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">East Asia as one of ten regional clusters<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">THIS EDITION \u00b7 annual regional cut from 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Global sector and strategic models<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">GS-01\u202615 \u00b7 SR-01\u202614 \u00b7 XT-01\u202620<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">49 PLANNED \u00b7 pilots: GS-01, SR-01, XT-01<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Universe<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">annual proving environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANDIDATE MISSION \u00b7 global mandate in 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Global Report<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">this series<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE ISSUED \u00b7 2027 annual edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Evidence and correction<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">one graph, many projections<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">OPEN \u00b7 first federation-wide correction cycle in 2027<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.4<\/span><span>Universe 2027: evidence pack for the regional candidate mission<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Mandate<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Core Build \u00b7 1 month<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Action \u00b7 1 week<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Evidence seal<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Portfolio correction<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Next mandate<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Universe 2027: evidence pack for the regional candidate mission<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Record<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Timing<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>F1<\/td><td>Annual mandate record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>after the Q2 2027 alignment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F2<\/td><td>Core Build record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>one month before the exercise<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F3<\/td><td>Exercise evidence<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>during the Action week<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F4<\/td><td>Decision packets<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>exercise state only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F5<\/td><td>Proof receipts<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>scoped to each recorded check<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F6<\/td><td>After-action report<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>within one quarter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F7<\/td><td>Upgrade docket<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>routed to the Portfolio<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F8<\/td><td>Portfolio renewal<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>2027 regional annual edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F9<\/td><td>Public synthesis<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>public-safe extracts only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Mission<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>ID<\/dt><dd>MSN-EAS-2027-01 \u00b7 Heat, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">typhoon<\/a> and fuel Universe mission<\/dd><dt>Role spine<\/dt><dd>Leadership sponsor (NLC) \u00b7 Institutional anchor (NNC) \u00b7 Mission lead (NWG)<\/dd><dt>Receiving actors<\/dt><dd>to be identified with the mandate<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Simulation success is not deployment approval; demonstration is not certification; finance readiness is not financing secured.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.5<\/span><span>Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Where the baseline\u2019s findings go next. A handoff routes a finding for awareness, review or work; it transfers no authority.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Finding<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Routed to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Purpose<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CLI-001 \u00b7 hottest summer<\/td><td>public record<\/td><td>reference for the 2027 series<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CLI-011 \u00b7 disasters 2025<\/td><td>INI-EAS-CLI-01<\/td><td>compound summer graph<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ENE-006 \u00b7 energy imports<\/td><td>INI-EAS-ENE-02<\/td><td>imported fuel resilience<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ENE-007 \u00b7 Korean power mix<\/td><td>INI-EAS-ENE-02<\/td><td>grid resilience<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WAT-010 \u00b7 water stress<\/td><td>INI-EAS-WAT-03<\/td><td>water stress<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HLT-009 \u00b7 ageing<\/td><td>INI-EAS-HLT-04<\/td><td>heat and ageing attribution<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FOO-008 \u00b7 food self-sufficiency<\/td><td>INI-EAS-BIO-01<\/td><td>food access scoping<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SYS-012 \u00b7 compound pathway<\/td><td>MSN-EAS-2027-01<\/td><td>Universe candidate<\/td><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Routing rules by publication class<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Where it goes<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Who can see it<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>PUBLIC<\/td><td>the published edition and its evidence bundle<\/td><td>anyone<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><td>governed rooms of the federation<\/td><td>consortium members under agreement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONTROLLED<\/td><td>need-to-know channels<\/td><td>named competent actors only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Handoffs carry findings to Nexus programme objects and steward reviews. States and organisations receive public editions as published; nothing here instructs them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.6<\/span><span>Feeds and signal register<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Feeds watched from Q1 2027<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Feed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Producer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Latency<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Feeds into<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>WMO and national climate summaries<\/td><td>WMO, CMA, KMA, JMA<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI findings<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Typhoon<\/a> season review<\/td><td>Typhoon Committee<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI-011<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LNG cargoes and stocks<\/td><td>GIIGNL and national agencies<\/td><td>monthly<\/td><td>ENE-006<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population<\/td><td>national statistics offices and World Bank<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Greenhouse gas inventories<\/td><td>MoE Japan, GIR Korea, China<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI-005<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water use<\/td><td>World Bank and ministries<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>WAT-010<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Disaster totals<\/td><td>Ministry of Emergency Management and peers<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI-011<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Escalation routes<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">none \u00b7 keep monitoring<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">research question<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">project<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">risk object<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">quarterly publication<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">signal report<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Signals at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Signal<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Corroboration<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>SIG-EAS-001<\/td><td>Record summer 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 HLT<\/td><td>risk object RSK-EAS-CLI-001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-EAS-002<\/td><td>Korean wildfires 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 INF<\/td><td>research question A-01<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-EAS-003<\/td><td>Typhoon season 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 FIN<\/td><td>research question A-05<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A signal is not a warning. Signal records never substitute for official alerting or early-warning authorities, and they bypass no publication control.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2025 (media release, 17 June 2026; report WMO-No. 1397). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>The Korea Times (ed.), Man investigated for causing South Korea\u2019s worst-ever <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> (about 48,238 hectares, at least 30 deaths, 30 March 2025). The Korea Times, Seoul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Typhoon<\/a> Committee: cooperation and innovation save lives (news release, 13 March 2026; 27 named cyclones, ten landfalls in China). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c7-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-systems-in-depth\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/\">East Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 8<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems in depth<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">One section per system: its state at evidence close, its exposures and what the operational series will watch.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>8 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>5 tables<\/span><span>23 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.1<\/span><span>Member countries: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The three member countries named in the series registry, read side by side on the same indicators. No union or bloc shares the region code in the registry, so there is no reference group.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,581.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>people in the three members, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">17,268<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>emissions excluding land use, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">25.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">USD trillion<\/span><p>output at current prices, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Member system cards at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Member<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>China<\/td><td>population 1,406.6 million (national count 1,404.89 million); emissions 15,536.1 Mt; clean energy 30.4% and coal 51.4% of consumption; 15.6% of land protected; 67.03 million affected by disasters<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Japan<\/td><td>population 123.4 million; net emissions 994 Mt (FY2024); 30.0% aged 65 or over; food self-sufficiency 38%; 29.5% of land protected; energy imports 87.3% of use<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Republic of Korea<\/td><td>population 51.7 million; emissions 668.2 Mt; nuclear 31.7% and renewables 10.6% of power in 2024; fertility rate 0.8; wildfires burned 48,238 hectares in 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings across members<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 ENE across the Yellow Sea and East China Sea corridor<\/li><li>TRD \u2192 ENE through shared LNG markets<\/li><li>HLT \u2190 CLI heat across Japan and the Republic of Korea<\/li><li>FIN \u2190 CLI losses carried by insurers across borders<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>member emissions on one national basis<\/li><li>disaster loss and heat death series by member<\/li><li>LNG imports of China and Japan<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Member releases of greenhouse gas inventories, the 2026 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">typhoon<\/a> season review and the heatstroke counts for 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Each member keeps ownership of its own edition. This chapter compares indicators; it assesses no member and builds no league table.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.2<\/span><span>Shared basins and grids: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Shared seas, storm tracks and fuel markets carry risk across member borders. This chapter names each system, the members involved and the evidence read at baseline. Rows without a source are designed empty states.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">27<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">cyclones<\/span><p>named in the western North Pacific, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">mm a year<\/span><p>sea level rise in the Kuroshio region, more than, 1999 to 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">46.33<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million t<\/span><p>Republic of Korea LNG imports, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Shared basins and seas<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Basin<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Members involved<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Kuroshio and East China Sea region<\/td><td>China, Japan and the Republic of Korea; sea level rise of more than 6 mm a year from 1999 to 2025, against about 3.6 mm globally<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Western North Pacific <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">typhoon<\/a> basin<\/td><td>China, Japan and the Republic of Korea; 27 named cyclones in 2025, ten landfalls in China<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Yellow Sea<\/td><td>China and the Republic of Korea; marine heat and air exchange; no current source read<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Yellow River and Yangtze<\/td><td>China only; total water resources not read<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Shared grids and gas networks<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Grid<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Members involved<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Electricity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/td><td>each member operates its own system; the sources read describe national mixes and no cross-border flow; interconnection is not bound<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LNG supply<\/td><td>all three members import LNG; the Republic of Korea imported about 46.33 million t in 2024; China and Japan volumes not bound<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Air masses<\/td><td>transboundary PM2.5 attribution for the latest stage not bound; 2023 exposure was 32.0 in China, 11.5 in Japan and 21.9 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 in the Republic of Korea<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Marine heat<\/td><td>marine heatwaves covered more than 10 million km\u00b2 of Asian seas in July to September 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings through shared systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 INF \u2192 FIN storm landfall into ports and losses<\/li><li>TRD \u2192 ENE LNG route change into power prices<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 HLT heat across the members<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 FOO withdrawals and crop stress<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>LNG imports by member<\/li><li>typhoon losses in Japan and the Republic of Korea<\/li><li>transboundary PM2.5 attribution<\/li><li>cross-border electricity flows<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>The 2026 typhoon season, LNG cargo schedules before summer and the air pollution project results<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Weather services, port authorities and energy ministries hold these mandates. This chapter assesses none of them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.3<\/span><span>Hub list: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The hub the series registry names for this region and for its member countries. The list is read from the registry, so a change there changes this page.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Registry<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Regional hubs<\/dt><dd>Tokyo<\/dd><dt>Desks with a remit<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 GRX<\/dd><dt>Registry record<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Member hubs as the registry names them<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Hub<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Member<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Registry role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Member edition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>not named in the registry<\/td><td>China<\/td><td>G20<\/td><td>in preparation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tokyo<\/td><td>Japan<\/td><td>G20 \u00b7 hub<\/td><td>drafted (pack in review)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>not named in the registry<\/td><td>Republic of Korea<\/td><td>G20<\/td><td>in preparation<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What a hub does in this series<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Hub terms of reference are not set at baseline<\/li><li>Hub contact points are not named at baseline<\/li><li>The registry names the hub and the desks with a remit; working arrangements follow from Q1 2027<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A hub is a place named in the registry. It is not an institution, an office or a mandate, and it gives no authority over any member.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.4<\/span><span>Regional pathway: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The regional pathway is the route through which the series reads East Asia as one region from 2027. This page states what exists today and what comes next. It does not describe any body that has not been constituted.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The regional pathway at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Stage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What exists today<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Regional hub<\/td><td>Tokyo is named in the series registry<\/td><td>NAMED<\/td><td>terms set from Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Desks<\/td><td>GCRI, GRF and GRX hold the remit for regional editions in the registry<\/td><td>NAMED<\/td><td>work plan for Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence graph<\/td><td>member and regional findings share identifiers<\/td><td>PREPARED<\/td><td>first sealed cut NQ-REG-EAS-2027-Q1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Member editions<\/td><td>China in preparation; Japan drafted (pack in review); Republic of Korea in preparation<\/td><td>MIXED<\/td><td>review through the chain before release<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Open at baseline<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Constitution of any regional council or working group<\/li><li>Hub terms of reference and contact points<\/li><li>Whether other places in the geography of East Asia become members in the registry<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Decisions that rest elsewhere<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Energy, water and health policy rest with national authorities<\/li><li>Climate targets are set by each member; this edition cites them and decides nothing<\/li><li>Only the three registry members are read; no other subject is joined on code<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>The pathway is a design. It does not set priorities for any government and assesses no authority.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF, Mt CO2e (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Statistical Communiqu\u00e9 of the People\u2019s Republic of China on the 2025 National Economic and Social Development (preliminary figures, mainland China, 28 February 2026). NBS, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>China Daily (ed.), Natural disasters in China in 2025: 67.03 million people affected, 763 dead or missing, 241.6 billion yuan direct losses (report on a Ministry of Emergency Management briefing, 16 January 2026). China Daily, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Terrestrial protected areas, % of total land area (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population ages 65 and above, % of total population (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment of Japan (ed.), Japan\u2019s National Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals, FY2024 (press release, 14 April 2026). Ministry of the Environment, Tokyo. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Jiji Press (ed.), FY 2024 Japan food self-sufficiency rate remains at 38 pct (republished by Adnkronos English, 10 October 2025; report on a Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries release). Adnkronos, Rome. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Energy imports, net, % of energy use (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>The Korea Times (ed.), Man investigated for causing South Korea\u2019s worst-ever <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> (about 48,238 hectares, at least 30 deaths, 30 March 2025). The Korea Times, Seoul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>United States International Trade Administration (ed.), South Korea Country Commercial Guide: Energy (page updated 2026-06-26; generation mix 2024, provisional 2025, 11th Basic Plan, LNG imports). International Trade Administration, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>The Korea Times (ed.), Number of newborns hits 4-year high in 2025 (report on the Ministry of Data and Statistics release, 25 February 2026; 254,457 births, total fertility rate 0.8). The Korea Times, Seoul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Fire and Disaster Management Agency of Japan (ed.), Heatstroke emergency transports, May to September 2025 (totals in search summaries differed and are not used). FDMA, Tokyo. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre Tokyo (ed.), Review of the 2025 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Typhoon<\/a> Season (Typhoon Committee 58th session paper; the file could not be read as text). Typhoon Committee, Macao. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), Typhoon Committee: cooperation and innovation save lives (news release, 13 March 2026; 27 named cyclones, ten landfalls in China). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2025 (media release, 17 June 2026; report WMO-No. 1397). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: North-East Asian Subregional Programme for Environmental Cooperation (ed.), Review of the main activities on transboundary air pollution in North-East Asia (listed in search results). NEASPEC, Incheon. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Long-range Transboundary Air Pollutants in Northeast Asia project team, PM2.5 model comparison for base year 2013, Atmosphere, vol. 12, no. 4, p. 469 (listed in search results). MDPI, Basel, 2021. Observation year 2013. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ministry of Water Resources of China (ed.), China Water Resources Bulletin 2025 (not retrieved). Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Enerdata (ed.), Japan\u2019s 7th Strategic Energy Plan focuses on nuclear and renewables through 2040 (news item, 20 February 2025). Enerdata, Grenoble. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: GIIGNL (ed.), Annual Report on the LNG industry (latest edition at evidence close; import volumes by member not read). GIIGNL, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure, \u00b5g per cubic metre (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-methodology\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/\">East Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex A<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Methodology<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">How the edition was made: methods, the model card, the evidence cut and its age, the acceptance record and the glossary.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>14 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>13 tables<\/span><span>25 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.1<\/span><span>Methods<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The regional baseline uses published values and four simple derivations. Each is shown in full so that any reader can reproduce it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Methods<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">No.<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Derivation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Calculation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Result<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>(1)<\/td><td>China\u2019s share of the three-member population, 2025<\/td><td>1,406.585 \u00f7 1,581.636<\/td><td>88.9%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(2)<\/td><td>China\u2019s share of the three-member output at current prices, 2025<\/td><td>19,498.0 \u00f7 25,805.6<\/td><td>75.6%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(3)<\/td><td>China\u2019s share of the three-member emissions excluding land use, 2024<\/td><td>15,536.1 \u00f7 17,267.7<\/td><td>90.0%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(4)<\/td><td>Wind and solar share of China\u2019s installed power capacity, end of 2025<\/td><td>(640.01 + 1,201.73) \u00f7 3,891.34<\/td><td>47.3%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling strength scale (matrix and model card)<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Strength<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>STRONG<\/td><td>a disruption in the source system has historically changed the target system\u2019s service or output within one season, in more than one region<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MODERATE<\/td><td>an effect is documented but buffered or slower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEAK<\/td><td>an effect is plausible but not documented at regional scale<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Status grammar<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rule<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>value as issued by its source, with year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>reasoned from cited evidence; never a measurement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus analytical value with stated method<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>conditional on stated assumptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>structured editorial judgement awaiting evidence<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.2<\/span><span>Model card: Regional System Model v0<\/span><\/h2><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model ID<\/dt><dd>MDL-EAS-REGIONAL \u00b7 v0.1<\/dd><dt>Purpose<\/dt><dd>represent East Asia as coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> across member countries, with forcing and transmission layers<\/dd><dt>Family<\/dt><dd>graph-based system of systems<\/dd><dt>Inputs<\/dt><dd>the cited sources of this edition; no proprietary data<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>expert-specified coupling strengths (STRONG \u00b7 MODERATE \u00b7 WEAK) from assessments and analogue events<\/dd><dt>Validation<\/dt><dd>none yet, first validation against federation evidence in 2027<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>qualitative; strengths are hypotheses, not measurements<\/dd><dt>Domain of validity<\/dt><dd>regional scale; not for national, basin or asset-level use<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>strength table and sources published in this edition<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">couplings<\/span><p>typed in v0<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strong<\/span><p>documented within one season<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">moderate<\/span><p>documented, buffered<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">weak<\/span><p>plausible, undocumented<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>framing the 2027 agenda; choosing which couplings to measure first; explaining the coupled reading of risk in East Asia.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOT SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>quantitative loss estimates, country comparisons or rankings, operational decisions, or any claim about a specific asset.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">VERSIONING<\/p><p>Models are immutable by version. A change to any coupling, rule or weight produces v0.2 with its own card and correction note.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.3<\/span><span>The baseline evidence cut<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Every Nexus edition is published from a frozen evidence cut. The regional baseline cut is documentary: it pins the exact edition of every source cited. Federation cuts begin with the first national Foundry cuts in 2027.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Cut ID<\/dt><dd>NQ-REG-EAS-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Type<\/dt><dd>baseline documentary cut<\/dd><dt>Resolution policy<\/dt><dd>pinned \u00b7 as of 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Sources pinned<\/dt><dd>51 cited sources, each at the edition and access date in the references<\/dd><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>none at baseline, analytical values are stated with their method<\/dd><dt>Digest<\/dt><dd>computed at <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.hard-freeze\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"Air temperature falling well below freezing for hours, killing crops, bursting pipes and stopping water flow.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">freeze<\/a> and recorded in the publication record<\/dd><dt>Supersedes<\/dt><dd>nothing, first cut of the series<\/dd><dt>Superseded by<\/dt><dd>NQ-REG-EAS-2027-Q1-1 at the Q1 2027 close<\/dd><\/dl><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Lineage<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">source edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">pinned citation<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">finding<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">page<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">publication record<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">From the baseline cut to the federation cut<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Element<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2027 regional annual<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Sources<\/td><td>cited publications, pinned by edition<\/td><td>national, regional and sector cuts through one graph<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Analysis<\/td><td>stated methods and editorial estimates<\/td><td>typed analysis specifications<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Models<\/td><td>Regional System Model v0 specification<\/td><td>model runs with receipts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Findings<\/td><td>twelve baseline findings<\/td><td>findings re-bound to federation evidence<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Review<\/td><td>five passes scheduled<\/td><td>five passes on the exact digest<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.4<\/span><span>Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A 2026 edition rests on evidence observed in many different years. This page shows each time base, so that no single year label hides older evidence.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Observed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Released<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next release<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Population and output<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Oct 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>China communiqu\u00e9<\/td><td>2025 preliminary<\/td><td>Feb 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>final in 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Japan emissions<\/td><td>FY2024<\/td><td>Apr 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>China emissions analysis<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Feb 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>State of the Climate in Asia<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Jun 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Typhoon<\/a> season<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Mar 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Korea power mix<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>updated Jun 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food self-sufficiency<\/td><td>FY2024<\/td><td>Oct 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water, air and nature series<\/td><td>2022 to 2024<\/td><td>Oct 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coverage by system at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Thinnest dimension<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Climate and hazards<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>losses by member; heatstroke<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>LNG imports; generation shares<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>basin flow; recent withdrawals<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>grain output by member; food access<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>heat deaths; census count<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>habitat condition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>insured and uninsured losses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Digital<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>dependency mapping<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Designed empty states: what is not bound, what would fill it and why<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Field<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source that would fill it<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Blocker<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Heatstroke ambulance transports in Japan, May to September 2025<\/td><td>Fire and Disaster Management Agency of Japan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the agency release was not opened; secondary reports gave two different totals<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Japan Meteorological Agency 2025 annual and summer temperature anomalies<\/td><td>Japan Meteorological Agency annual climate summary<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the summary file could not be read as text; values in search summaries conflicted<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Official Japanese census count and ageing share for 1 October 2025<\/td><td>Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications census release<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the release page was not retrieved; the World Bank series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup> is used instead<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Final Korea Forest Service burned-area and death figures for the March 2025 wildfires<\/td><td>Korea Forest Service final report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>not retrieved; the figures used come from a press report that cites government sources<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>China absolute greenhouse gas emissions for 2025 on the national inventory basis<\/td><td>China biennial transparency report and national inventory<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the national communiqu\u00e9 gives only a change in intensity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>; the inventory was not read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Japan food self-sufficiency for FY2025<\/td><td>Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>a secondary report of 37% was not corroborated by the ministry release and is not used<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Liquefied natural gas imports of China and Japan in 2025, and flows between members<\/td><td>GIIGNL annual report and customs statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>not retrieved; only the Republic of Korea 2024 volume was read<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity generation shares for China and Japan for 2025 on one basis<\/td><td>IEA Global Energy Review 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>not retrieved; the Chinese communiqu\u00e9 gives output in energy units for enterprises above a size threshold only<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Typhoon losses in Japan and the Republic of Korea, 2025 season<\/td><td>RSMC Tokyo review of the 2025 typhoon season and member reports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the review file could not be read as text<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Transboundary PM2.5 source-receptor attribution between China, Japan and the Republic of Korea for the latest research stage<\/td><td>Northeast Asia air pollution project reports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the results found cover earlier base years only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>China total water resources and river basin flow for 2025<\/td><td>Ministry of Water Resources bulletin<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the bulletin was not retrieved; the communiqu\u00e9 does not report it<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Renewable energy shares after 2021 on the World Bank basis<\/td><td>World Bank series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup> and national energy statistics<\/td><td>the World Bank series returns no values after 2021<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Greenhouse gas inventory of the Republic of Korea on the national basis<\/td><td>Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center of Korea<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>not retrieved; the World Bank series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup> is used with its basis stated<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability rungs: <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a>, reserves, response, recovery, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">social protection<\/a>, infrastructure, workforce<\/td><td>civil protection agencies, weather services, utilities and ministries<\/td><td>not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.5<\/span><span>Evidence cards: two anchor sources<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the World Bank. Annual. Role: binds the population figures in the profile and regional reading. China\u2019s own year-end count differs from the World Bank value by about 1.7 million [5].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-EAS-001<\/h3><p>Population, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the WMO. Annual cycle, 2025 data. Role: binds the regional hazard findings. Coverage is the Asia region, not the member set alone.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-EAS-002<\/h3><p>State of the Climate in Asia 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Quality dimensions at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Dimension<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-EAS-001<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-EAS-002<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Completeness<\/td><td>China, Japan and the Republic of Korea from one series<\/td><td>Asia region, with member findings picked out<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Timeliness<\/td><td>about 9 months after the reference year<\/td><td>about 6 months after the reference year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Revision<\/td><td>series revised by the issuer<\/td><td>annual update<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Method transparency<\/td><td>published methodology<\/td><td>published methodology<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>External validation<\/td><td>not assessed in this edition<\/td><td>not assessed in this edition<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence cards to follow in Q1 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>National inventories<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup> : one basis for member emissions<\/li><li>LNG annual report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup> : volumes by member<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Typhoon<\/a> season review<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup> : losses by member<\/li><li>Reports Foundational Edition<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup> and the global baseline<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n49\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r49\" aria-label=\"Note 49\">49<\/a><\/sup> : method and peer distributions<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.6<\/span><span>Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Editorial self-check at evidence close. Every applicable item carries a disposition; the remaining items are review, approval and deposit.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-tab9\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Group<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Area<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Items<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pass<\/th><th scope=\"col\">N\/A<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pending<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D1<\/td><td>Identity and scope<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>Source and data<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D3<\/td><td>Analysis and models<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D4<\/td><td>Findings and claims<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D5<\/td><td>Figures, tables, maps<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D6<\/td><td>Editorial and citations<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D7<\/td><td>Review and approval<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>13<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D8<\/td><td>Artefact and design<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D9<\/td><td>Registry and release<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication gate<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Conditions met<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close<\/dd><dt>Blocking problems<\/dt><dd>none recorded<\/dd><dt>Open conditions<\/dt><dd>reviews, approval of the exact digest, deposit, registry pointer<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Not applicable at baseline<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>first runs in Q1 2027<\/dd><dt>Maps<\/dt><dd>plates in Q2 2027<\/dd><dt>Waivers<\/dt><dd>none<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Dispositions are recorded item by item in the machine-readable checklist. A FAIL on any item blocks release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.7<\/span><span>Status words<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-tab10\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The status every value carries<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it means<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"positive\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Observed<\/span><\/td><td>Measured directly and published by the source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>Published statistics of an official or institutional source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Declared<\/span><\/td><td>Stated by the body concerned; not independently measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>A Nexus estimate from cited evidence, with its method in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Modelled<\/span><\/td><td>Produced by a stated model from cited inputs.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>Reasoned from cited evidence; not measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Forecast<\/span><\/td><td>A projection by the cited source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Simulated<\/span><\/td><td>A simulation result under stated assumptions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>A conditional statement under stated assumptions; never a prediction.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>Expert judgement, recorded with its basis.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><td>Proposed for a later edition; not yet evidence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Evidence-quality levels (EQL 1 to 5) grade the source behind a value; they are not a score of the subject.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.8<\/span><span>How the edition is made, released and corrected<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">Every edition is built from a sealed evidence cut, reviewed under three keys, signed and deposited before any site shows it as published; corrections go to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> as change proposals and feed the next cut.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Evidence arrives from the pillars<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Foundry seals observations and indicator series, Universe hands over after-action and scenario findings, and contributions are screened at every gateway, including this site&#8217;s.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 The cut is sealed<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">On the cut date the evidence is pinned under one identifier, so anyone can rebuild the edition from exactly what it was built on.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 The edition is assembled<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The edition is drafted from its template and content pack. Agents may draft; they never publish and never decide.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 The keys turn<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">At the publisher of record the truth key comes first: every value is checked against its source or stated method before the meaning and capital keys turn. No edition moves on until every key has been turned by a named steward.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 The gate opens<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A named approver releases one exact digest of the edition; any change after this point is a new version, never a silent edit.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Signed and deposited<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The PDF, the web edition and the data bundle are signed together with a manifest and an RO-Crate description, and deposited on Zenodo with a concept and a version DOI.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">07 Published on its desk&#8217;s site<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Only then does the edition show as published on its desk&#8217;s Reports site, and the Collection lists it as a part.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">08 Corrections go to Standards<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Method and correction findings go to Nexus Standards as change proposals; citations, corrections and new contributions feed the next evidence cut.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of the process, not a forecast and not a record of any run; dates and counts on this page come from the programme record. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/governance\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Reports governance at GCRI Canada<\/a> (2026); Zenodo, repository of record for Reports deposits (2026).<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">Lifecycle, one state at a time: Draft, Computed, Evidence bound, Reviewed, Approved for release, Published, Corrected, Superseded. This edition is a draft.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.9<\/span><span>Glossary and abbreviations<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-tab11\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Series terms<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Baseline Edition<\/td><td>the inaugural annual edition that fixes the reference state for the series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEFH+B<\/td><td>water, energy, food, health and biodiversity, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/governance-in-operation\/national-nexus\" data-tc=\"National Nexus\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The national model: the NNC, the NLC and the NWG as its three participation pillars, with the National Desk, Model and Portfolio and the NSC as the standards function of the NNC (OR-13)\">national nexus<\/a> core<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coupling<\/td><td>a typed dependency through which one system transmits to another<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">Protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>the share of losses not covered by insurance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability ladder<\/td><td>LISTED \u2192 EXISTS \u2192 ADEQUATE \u2192 TESTED \u2192 DEMONSTRATED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EQL<\/td><td>evidence-quality level, 1\u20135<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence cut<\/td><td>a frozen resolution of exact sources and versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NNC \u00b7 NLC \u00b7 NWG<\/td><td>National Nexus Consortium \u00b7 National Leadership Council \u00b7 National Working Groups<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-tab12\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.12<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Abbreviations used in this edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Abbreviation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Expansion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CMA<\/td><td>China Meteorological Administration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EANET<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h29\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 poll.air-quality.acid-deposition\" data-tk=\"Pollution and hazardous substances \u00b7 Air pollution episodes\" data-td=\"Sulphur and nitrogen compounds falling as acid rain, snow or dust that damages soils, lakes, forests and stone.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H29\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/poll\/\" data-txl=\"Pollution and hazardous substances\">Acid Deposition<\/a> Monitoring Network in East Asia<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FDMA<\/td><td>Fire and Disaster Management Agency<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GIIGNL<\/td><td>International Group of Liquefied Natural Gas Importers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GIR<\/td><td>Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center of Korea<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>JMA<\/td><td>Japan Meteorological Agency<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>KMA<\/td><td>Korea Meteorological Administration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LNG<\/td><td>liquefied natural gas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LULUCF<\/td><td>land use, land-use change and forestry<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NBS<\/td><td>National Bureau of Statistics of China<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NDC<\/td><td>nationally determined contribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PM2.5<\/td><td>fine particulate matter of 2.5 micrometres or less<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>RSMC<\/td><td>Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WMO<\/td><td>World Meteorological Organization<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.10<\/span><span>Technical annex<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-tab13\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.13<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Technical annex<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Annex<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contents<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A.1<\/td><td>Indicator definitions<\/td><td>the regional indicator set, with units and sources<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.2<\/td><td>Coupling strengths<\/td><td>the twenty-cell matrix and its rationale<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.3<\/td><td>Scenario specification<\/td><td>SCN-EAS-HEAT-01 assumptions and signposts<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.4<\/td><td>Capability placements<\/td><td>rung evidence for fifteen functions<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.5<\/td><td>Model diagnostics<\/td><td>first runs and validation<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.6<\/td><td>Sensitivity analyses<\/td><td>influence of coupling strengths<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.7<\/td><td>Member-country notes<\/td><td>atlas cards for every member country<\/td><td>Q2 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.8<\/td><td>Review statements<\/td><td>pass-by-pass review record<\/td><td>AT RELEASE<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">A.1 \u00b7 indicator definition: net energy imports<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Construct<\/dt><dd>energy use less production of primary energy, as a share of energy use<\/dd><dt>Unit<\/dt><dd>% of energy use<\/dd><dt>Scope<\/dt><dd>calendar year<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>World Bank World Development Indicators<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Revision<\/dt><dd>revised by the issuer; not tracked here<\/dd><dt>Known limits<\/dt><dd>negative values mean net exports; national energy balances may use other definitions<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Annexes carry the same evidence, review and correction rules as the chapters and are versioned with the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Fire and Disaster Management Agency of Japan (ed.), Heatstroke emergency transports, May to September 2025 (totals in search summaries differed and are not used). FDMA, Tokyo. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Japan Meteorological Agency (ed.), Annual climate summary for 2025 (the file could not be read as text; values in search summaries were not used). JMA, Tokyo. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan (ed.), 2025 Population Census, preliminary results (the release page returned not found). MIC, Tokyo. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population ages 65 and above, % of total population (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Korea Forest Service (ed.), Final report on the March 2025 wildfires (final area and deaths not read). Korea Forest Service, Daejeon. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>The Korea Times (ed.), Man investigated for causing South Korea\u2019s worst-ever <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> (about 48,238 hectares, at least 30 deaths, 30 March 2025). The Korea Times, Seoul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of China (ed.), Nationally determined contribution for 2035 and biennial transparency report (taken from memory of the 2025 announcement; figures not used). UNFCCC secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Statistical Communiqu\u00e9 of the People\u2019s Republic of China on the 2025 National Economic and Social Development (preliminary figures, mainland China, 28 February 2026). NBS, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (ed.), Food self-sufficiency rate, FY2025 (a secondary report of 37% was seen as a headline only; the page body was not readable). MAFF, Tokyo. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: GIIGNL (ed.), Annual Report on the LNG industry (latest edition at evidence close; import volumes by member not read). GIIGNL, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>United States International Trade Administration (ed.), South Korea Country Commercial Guide: Energy (page updated 2026-06-26; generation mix 2024, provisional 2025, 11th Basic Plan, LNG imports). International Trade Administration, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Energy Agency (ed.), Global Energy Review 2026. IEA, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre Tokyo (ed.), Review of the 2025 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Typhoon<\/a> Season (Typhoon Committee 58th session paper; the file could not be read as text). Typhoon Committee, Macao. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: North-East Asian Subregional Programme for Environmental Cooperation (ed.), Review of the main activities on transboundary air pollution in North-East Asia (listed in search results). NEASPEC, Incheon. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Long-range Transboundary Air Pollutants in Northeast Asia project team, PM2.5 model comparison for base year 2013, Atmosphere, vol. 12, no. 4, p. 469 (listed in search results). MDPI, Basel, 2021. Observation year 2013. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ministry of Water Resources of China (ed.), China Water Resources Bulletin 2025 (not retrieved). Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Renewable electricity output, % of total electricity output (EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Renewable energy consumption, % of total final energy consumption (EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center of Korea (ed.), National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of Korea (latest submission; not retrieved). GIR, Sejong. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF, Mt CO2e (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2025 (media release, 17 June 2026; report WMO-No. 1397). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports: The Foundational Edition, Volumes I and II. Reports series, Edition 2026\u20132030, V1.0. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n49\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">49<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition (draft pack used as the structural base; not read by this author). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r49\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 49\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Energy imports, net, % of energy use (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-ca-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-data\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/\">East Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex B<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Data appendix<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>10 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>7 tables<\/span><span>25 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.1<\/span><span>The indicator set<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Baseline indicator set<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Three-member population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1,581.6<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>China population, World Bank<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1,406.6<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>China population, national count<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1,404.89<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Japan population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">123.4<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Republic of Korea population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">51.7<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>China output<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">19.5<\/span><\/td><td>USD trillion<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Japan output<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">4.4<\/span><\/td><td>USD trillion<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Republic of Korea output<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1.9<\/span><\/td><td>USD trillion<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>China emissions excluding land use<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">15,536.1<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Japan net emissions, own inventory<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">994<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>FY2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Share of three-member emissions, China<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">90.0<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>China clean energy share of consumption<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">30.4<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Japan food self-sufficiency, calorie basis<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">38<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>FY2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>People affected by disasters in China<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">67.03<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Korean <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> area<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">48,238<\/span><\/td><td>hectares<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Japan protected land<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">29.5<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heatstroke transports in Japan<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>people<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LNG imports of China and Japan<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>million t<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>China absolute emissions, national basis<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Typhoon<\/a> losses in Japan and the Republic of Korea<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>USD<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-actions nrp-noprint\"><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:text\/csv;charset=utf-8,Indicator%2CValue%2CUnit%2CYear%2CState%2CSource%0AThree-member%20population%2C%221%2C581.6%22%2Cmillion%2C2025%2CESTIMATED%2C%5B1%5D%0A%22China%20population%2C%20World%20Bank%22%2C%221%2C406.6%22%2Cmillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0A%22China%20population%2C%20national%20count%22%2C%221%2C404.89%22%2Cmillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B5%5D%0AJapan%20population%2C123.4%2Cmillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0ARepublic%20of%20Korea%20population%2C51.7%2Cmillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0AChina%20output%2C19.5%2CUSD%20trillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0AJapan%20output%2C4.4%2CUSD%20trillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0ARepublic%20of%20Korea%20output%2C1.9%2CUSD%20trillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0AChina%20emissions%20excluding%20land%20use%2C%2215%2C536.1%22%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B4%5D%0A%22Japan%20net%20emissions%2C%20own%20inventory%22%2C994%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2CFY2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B6%5D%0A%22Share%20of%20three-member%20emissions%2C%20China%22%2C90.0%2C%25%2C2024%2CESTIMATED%2C%5B4%5D%0AChina%20clean%20energy%20share%20of%20consumption%2C30.4%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B5%5D%0A%22Japan%20food%20self-sufficiency%2C%20calorie%20basis%22%2C38%2C%25%2CFY2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B16%5D%0APeople%20affected%20by%20disasters%20in%20China%2C67.03%2Cmillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B11%5D%0AKorean%20wildfire%20area%2C%2248%2C238%22%2Chectares%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B12%5D%0AJapan%20protected%20land%2C29.5%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B21%5D%0AHeatstroke%20transports%20in%20Japan%2CNot%20bound%2Cpeople%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B27%5D%0ALNG%20imports%20of%20China%20and%20Japan%2CNot%20bound%2Cmillion%20t%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B32%5D%0A%22China%20absolute%20emissions%2C%20national%20basis%22%2CNot%20bound%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B36%5D%0ATyphoon%20losses%20in%20Japan%20and%20the%20Republic%20of%20Korea%2CNot%20bound%2CUSD%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B33%5D%0A\" download=\"NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-indicators.csv\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, CSV<\/a><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:application\/json;charset=utf-8,%7B%0A%20%22edition%22%3A%20%22NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE%22%2C%0A%20%22title%22%3A%20%22East%20Asia%20Regional%20Systems%20Risk%20and%20Resilience%20Report%202026%3A%20Baseline%20Edition%2C%20The%20State%20of%20East%20Asia%E2%80%99s%20Interdependent%20Systems.%22%2C%0A%20%22status%22%3A%20%22Draft%20under%20stewardship%20review%3B%20not%20yet%20released%22%2C%0A%20%22licence%22%3A%20%22CC-BY-4.0%20for%20the%20edition%20table%3B%20each%20value%20keeps%20its%20source's%20licence%22%2C%0A%20%22columns%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%22Indicator%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Value%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Unit%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Year%22%2C%0A%20%20%22State%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Source%22%0A%20%5D%2C%0A%20%22rows%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Three-member%20population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%2C581.6%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22ESTIMATED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22China%20population%2C%20World%20Bank%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%2C406.6%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22China%20population%2C%20national%20count%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%2C404.89%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B5%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Japan%20population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22123.4%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Republic%20of%20Korea%20population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2251.7%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22China%20output%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2219.5%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22USD%20trillion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Japan%20output%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%224.4%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22USD%20trillion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Republic%20of%20Korea%20output%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221.9%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22USD%20trillion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22China%20emissions%20excluding%20land%20use%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2215%2C536.1%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B4%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Japan%20net%20emissions%2C%20own%20inventory%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22994%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22FY2024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B6%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Share%20of%20three-member%20emissions%2C%20China%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2290.0%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22ESTIMATED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B4%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22China%20clean%20energy%20share%20of%20consumption%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2230.4%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B5%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Japan%20food%20self-sufficiency%2C%20calorie%20basis%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2238%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22FY2024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B16%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22People%20affected%20by%20disasters%20in%20China%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2267.03%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B11%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Korean%20wildfire%20area%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2248%2C238%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22hectares%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B12%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Japan%20protected%20land%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2229.5%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B21%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Heatstroke%20transports%20in%20Japan%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22people%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B27%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22LNG%20imports%20of%20China%20and%20Japan%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%20t%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B32%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22China%20absolute%20emissions%2C%20national%20basis%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B36%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Typhoon%20losses%20in%20Japan%20and%20the%20Republic%20of%20Korea%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22USD%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B33%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%0A%20%5D%0A%7D\" download=\"NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-indicators.json\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, JSON<\/a><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOTES<\/p><p>Percentage shares and the three-member sums are Nexus arithmetic and are labelled ESTIMATED; the method is in the technical layer. Rows marked NOT BOUND name the source that would fill them. China\u2019s population appears on two bases and both are shown. Japan\u2019s emissions appear on the World Bank basis in the profile and on the national basis here. A machine-readable copy of this table is published with the evidence bundle at release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.2<\/span><span>Regional source register<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Domains bound by the register<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">WAT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ENE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FOO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">HLT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">BIO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">CLI<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">INF<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FIN<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">TRD<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">MIN<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional source register<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Category<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Period<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Population and output<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>members<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>China communiqu\u00e9<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national statistics<\/td><td>China<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>ENE, HLT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Japan emissions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ministry<\/td><td>Japan<\/td><td>FY2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>China emissions analysis<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>analysis<\/td><td>China<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>State of the Climate in Asia<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>agency assessment<\/td><td>region<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Disaster totals<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ministry as reported<\/td><td>China<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Typhoon<\/a> season<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>agency assessment<\/td><td>region<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Korea power mix<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>government summary<\/td><td>Republic of Korea<\/td><td>2024\u20132025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>ENE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food self-sufficiency<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ministry as reported<\/td><td>Japan<\/td><td>FY2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FOO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water, air and nature<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>members<\/td><td>2022\u20132024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>WAT, BIO<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FIXTURE PROHIBITION<\/p><p>No demonstration or reference-cartographic fixture is used as evidence in this edition. The publication gate checks every binding against this register.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.3<\/span><span>Regional reading: East Asia by member country<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Map plates for every member country follow in Q2 2027, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form for the 3 member countries named in the series registry.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Populations, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/h3><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,406.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>China<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">123.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Japan<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">51.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Republic of Korea<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional reading: East Asia by member country<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Member<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Principal hazards<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems most exposed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>China<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">typhoon<\/a> landfalls and floods in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup>; hottest summer<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>energy, water, infrastructure<\/td><td>population 1,406.6 million; emissions 15,536.1 Mt; clean energy 30.4%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Japan<\/td><td>hottest summer<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>; typhoon losses not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup>; Nankai estimate not read<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup>; see the national edition draft<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n50\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r50\" aria-label=\"Note 50\">50<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>health, food, energy<\/td><td>population 123.4 million; net emissions 994 Mt; 30.0% aged 65 or over<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Republic of Korea<\/td><td>wildfires in March 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>; hottest summer<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>energy, water, health<\/td><td>population 51.7 million; emissions 668.2 Mt; nuclear 31.7% of power<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Regional readings summarise the cited evidence. They are not risk ratings of any member country.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.4<\/span><span>Atlas card: Western North Pacific typhoon basin<\/span><\/h2><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">basin<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">shared storm track<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ports and power<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">members: China, Japan, Republic of Korea<\/li><\/ul><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Systems in view<\/dt><dd>energy, freight and health<\/dd><dt>Defining instruments<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Typhoon<\/a> Committee<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup>; <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Couplings<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 INF \u2192 FIN; CLI \u2192 ENE<\/dd><dt>Capability evidence<\/dt><dd>a regional typhoon committee exists<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup>; performance not bound<\/dd><dt>Gaps<\/dt><dd>losses in Japan and the Republic of Korea; port continuity<\/dd><dt>Agenda items<\/dt><dd>A-01<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The 2025 season had 27 named cyclones and ten typhoons made landfall in China; losses in Japan and the Republic of Korea are not bound [13] [33].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">HAZARD<\/h3><p>A shared storm track<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Source: port and utility records. Blocker: not retrieved at evidence close.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">ENERGY<\/h3><p>Ports and fuel cargoes<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Source: national port agencies. Blocker: not retrieved at evidence close.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">FREIGHT<\/h3><p>Port continuity<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Atlas cards are generated for every member country from Q2 2027 with consistent fields and evidence-age labels. The typhoon basin is shown first because it holds the clearest shared hazard among the members.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.5<\/span><span>East Asia system card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The card through which East Asia appears in the global edition and in the sector series. It summarises; it does not rank.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">East Asia system card<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline state<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>Korean withdrawals 45.0% of internal resources<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>drought into farming and cooling<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>China clean energy 30.4%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>; import dependence above 80% in Japan and Korea<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>fuel supply and peak demand<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>Japan self-sufficiency 38%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>import and heat shocks<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>30.0%, 20.3% and 14.9% aged 65 or over<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat load on services<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>protected land 15.6% to 29.5%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>condition not bound<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Context<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Archetype<\/dt><dd>three interlinked members sharing seas, storm tracks and fuel markets<\/dd><dt>Population<\/dt><dd>1,581.6 million across the three members (2025)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Trade<\/dt><dd>Republic of Korea LNG imports 46.33 million t in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Hazard<\/dt><dd>ten <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">typhoon<\/a> landfalls in China in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The member editions (China, Japan, Republic of Korea) and this regional edition share finding identifiers where they read the same evidence, so a correction travels to every edition at once.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">MEMBER EDITIONS<\/h3><p>Same findings, same IDs<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">East Asia evidence enters the water, energy, food, finance and climate sector reports through the same finding identifiers.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES<\/h3><p>Regional evidence, sector reports<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">In the global edition East Asia is read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL FLAGSHIP<\/h3><p>Peers, not ranks<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>External rankings, where cited, keep their own method and source. Nexus never converts them into a rating, and each member\u2019s ownership of its own edition is unaffected.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.6<\/span><span>Licences<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Licences of each kind of material<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Material<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Text<\/td><td>CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data<\/td><td>on the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td>Nexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maps<\/td><td>boundary source and licence printed on each plate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Metadata<\/td><td>CC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Third-party data, figures and text<\/td><td>The source&#8217;s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.7<\/span><span>Formats and provenance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">This edition in every format<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Format<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it is<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Web edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>Draft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Print edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indicator data<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CSV \u00b7 JSON<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>20 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE data release v1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">SVG \u00b7 PNG<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIG-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-*<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slides<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No slide deck is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence brief<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML \u00b7 PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No evidence brief is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dataset with DOI<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DataCite<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>Concept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Provenance<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Edition pack<\/dt><dd>The edition&#8217;s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built<\/dd><dt>Evidence cut<\/dt><dd>NQ-REG-EAS-2026-Q0-1, closed 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters<\/dd><dt>Self-check<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release<\/dd><dt>Review<\/dt><dd>five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>GCRI for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Corrections<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Statistical Communiqu\u00e9 of the People\u2019s Republic of China on the 2025 National Economic and Social Development (preliminary figures, mainland China, 28 February 2026). NBS, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF, Mt CO2e (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment of Japan (ed.), Japan\u2019s National Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals, FY2024 (press release, 14 April 2026). Ministry of the Environment, Tokyo. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Jiji Press (ed.), FY 2024 Japan food self-sufficiency rate remains at 38 pct (republished by Adnkronos English, 10 October 2025; report on a Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries release). Adnkronos, Rome. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>China Daily (ed.), Natural disasters in China in 2025: 67.03 million people affected, 763 dead or missing, 241.6 billion yuan direct losses (report on a Ministry of Emergency Management briefing, 16 January 2026). China Daily, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>The Korea Times (ed.), Man investigated for causing South Korea\u2019s worst-ever <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> (about 48,238 hectares, at least 30 deaths, 30 March 2025). The Korea Times, Seoul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Terrestrial protected areas, % of total land area (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Fire and Disaster Management Agency of Japan (ed.), Heatstroke emergency transports, May to September 2025 (totals in search summaries differed and are not used). FDMA, Tokyo. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: GIIGNL (ed.), Annual Report on the LNG industry (latest edition at evidence close; import volumes by member not read). GIIGNL, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of China (ed.), Nationally determined contribution for 2035 and biennial transparency report (taken from memory of the 2025 announcement; figures not used). UNFCCC secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre Tokyo (ed.), Review of the 2025 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Typhoon<\/a> Season (Typhoon Committee 58th session paper; the file could not be read as text). Typhoon Committee, Macao. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population ages 65 and above, % of total population (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Carbon Brief (ed.), Analysis: China\u2019s CO2 emissions have now been flat or falling for 21 months (published 12 February 2026). Carbon Brief, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2025 (media release, 17 June 2026; report WMO-No. 1397). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), Typhoon Committee: cooperation and innovation save lives (news release, 13 March 2026; 27 named cyclones, ten landfalls in China). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>United States International Trade Administration (ed.), South Korea Country Commercial Guide: Energy (page updated 2026-06-26; generation mix 2024, provisional 2025, 11th Basic Plan, LNG imports). International Trade Administration, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure, \u00b5g per cubic metre (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita, cubic metres (ER.H2O.INTR.PC), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Annual freshwater withdrawals, total, % of internal resources (ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Cabinet Office of Japan (ed.), Damage estimate for a Nankai Trough megaquake, revised 2025 (taken from the draft Japan national edition; figures not used here). Cabinet Office, Tokyo. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n50\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">50<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Baseline Edition 2026 for Japan (draft pack; only the opening of the specification was read; the China and Republic of Korea editions are in preparation). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r50\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 50\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Energy imports, net, % of energy use (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eas-cb-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-part-references\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cc-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/\">East Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex C<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">References and record<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Every source the edition rests on, the publication record, the corrections log and the open record.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>15 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>0 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cc-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cc-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cc-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.1<\/span><span>51 sources<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">NR-CIT-1, editor first. A DOI is linked where the source has one; Nexus records carry a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> once the catalogue allocates it (NS-1).<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population ages 65 and above, % of total population (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF, Mt CO2e (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Statistical Communiqu\u00e9 of the People\u2019s Republic of China on the 2025 National Economic and Social Development (preliminary figures, mainland China, 28 February 2026). NBS, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Ministry of the Environment of Japan (ed.), Japan\u2019s National Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals, FY2024 (press release, 14 April 2026). Ministry of the Environment, Tokyo. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Carbon Brief (ed.), Analysis: China\u2019s CO2 emissions have now been flat or falling for 21 months (published 12 February 2026). Carbon Brief, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2025 (media release, 17 June 2026; report WMO-No. 1397). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>China Daily (ed.), China reports warmest year on record tied with 2024 (report on the China Climate Bulletin 2025 of the China Meteorological Administration and the National Climate Center, 29 January 2026). China Daily, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>The Korea Times (ed.), 2025 was nation\u2019s second hottest year on record (report on the Korea Meteorological Administration announcement, 6 January 2026). The Korea Times, Seoul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>China Daily (ed.), Natural disasters in China in 2025: 67.03 million people affected, 763 dead or missing, 241.6 billion yuan direct losses (report on a Ministry of Emergency Management briefing, 16 January 2026). China Daily, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>The Korea Times (ed.), Man investigated for causing South Korea\u2019s worst-ever <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> (about 48,238 hectares, at least 30 deaths, 30 March 2025). The Korea Times, Seoul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 5, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Typhoon<\/a> Committee: cooperation and innovation save lives (news release, 13 March 2026; 27 named cyclones, ten landfalls in China). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>United States International Trade Administration (ed.), South Korea Country Commercial Guide: Energy (page updated 2026-06-26; generation mix 2024, provisional 2025, 11th Basic Plan, LNG imports). International Trade Administration, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Enerdata (ed.), Japan\u2019s 7th Strategic Energy Plan focuses on nuclear and renewables through 2040 (news item, 20 February 2025). Enerdata, Grenoble. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Jiji Press (ed.), FY 2024 Japan food self-sufficiency rate remains at 38 pct (republished by Adnkronos English, 10 October 2025; report on a Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries release). Adnkronos, Rome. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>The Korea Times (ed.), Number of newborns hits 4-year high in 2025 (report on the Ministry of Data and Statistics release, 25 February 2026; 254,457 births, total fertility rate 0.8). The Korea Times, Seoul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure, \u00b5g per cubic metre (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita, cubic metres (ER.H2O.INTR.PC), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Annual freshwater withdrawals, total, % of internal resources (ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Terrestrial protected areas, % of total land area (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Renewable electricity output, % of total electricity output (EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Renewable energy consumption, % of total final energy consumption (EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Energy imports, net, % of energy use (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS), China, Japan and Republic of Korea. World Bank, Washington, DC, data updated 2026-10-08. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan (ed.), Food self-sufficiency rate, FY2025 (a secondary report of 37% was seen as a headline only; the page body was not readable). MAFF, Tokyo. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Japan Meteorological Agency (ed.), Annual climate summary for 2025 (the file could not be read as text; values in search summaries were not used). JMA, Tokyo. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Fire and Disaster Management Agency of Japan (ed.), Heatstroke emergency transports, May to September 2025 (totals in search summaries differed and are not used). FDMA, Tokyo. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan (ed.), 2025 Population Census, preliminary results (the release page returned not found). MIC, Tokyo. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Korea Forest Service (ed.), Final report on the March 2025 wildfires (final area and deaths not read). Korea Forest Service, Daejeon. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Energy Agency (ed.), Global Energy Review 2026. IEA, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Renewable Energy Agency (ed.), Renewable Capacity Statistics 2026. IRENA, Abu Dhabi. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: GIIGNL (ed.), Annual Report on the LNG industry (latest edition at evidence close; import volumes by member not read). GIIGNL, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre Tokyo (ed.), Review of the 2025 Typhoon Season (Typhoon Committee 58th session paper; the file could not be read as text). Typhoon Committee, Macao. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ministry of Water Resources of China (ed.), China Water Resources Bulletin 2025 (not retrieved). Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center of Korea (ed.), National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report of Korea (latest submission; not retrieved). GIR, Sejong. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of China (ed.), Nationally determined contribution for 2035 and biennial transparency report (taken from memory of the 2025 announcement; figures not used). UNFCCC secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Japan (ed.), Nationally determined contribution for 2035 and 2040 (taken from the draft Japan national edition and memory; figures not used here). UNFCCC secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of the Republic of Korea (ed.), Nationally determined contribution for 2035 (taken from memory of the late 2025 announcement; figures not used). UNFCCC secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: National Assembly of the Republic of Korea (ed.), Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth for Coping with Climate Crisis, 2021. Republic of Korea. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Cabinet Office of Japan (ed.), Damage estimate for a Nankai Trough megaquake, revised 2025 (taken from the draft Japan national edition; figures not used here). Cabinet Office, Tokyo. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: North-East Asian Subregional Programme for Environmental Cooperation (ed.), Review of the main activities on transboundary air pollution in North-East Asia (listed in search results). NEASPEC, Incheon. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Long-range Transboundary Air Pollutants in Northeast Asia project team, PM2.5 model comparison for base year 2013, Atmosphere, vol. 12, no. 4, p. 469 (listed in search results). MDPI, Basel, 2021. Observation year 2013. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2023. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports: The Foundational Edition, Volumes I and II. Reports series, Edition 2026\u20132030, V1.0. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-49\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">49<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition (draft pack used as the structural base; not read by this author). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-50\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">50<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Baseline Edition 2026 for Japan (draft pack; only the opening of the specification was read; the China and Republic of Korea editions are in preparation). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-ref-51\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">51<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: United Nations (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>. UNFCCC secretariat, Bonn, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cc-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cc-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cc-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.2<\/span><span>Publication record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Title<\/dt><dd>East Asia Regional <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition<\/dd><dt>Series<\/dt><dd>Reports \u00b7 Edition 2026\u20132030<\/dd><dt>Edition<\/dt><dd>Baseline Edition 2026 \u00b7 inaugural annual<\/dd><dt>Version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 \u00b7 draft for stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Publication date<\/dt><dd>October 2026<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>concept and version DOI at deposit<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publisher<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Place<\/dt><dd>Toronto<\/dd><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor<\/dd><dt>Stewards<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 technical truth \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 public meaning \u00b7 GRA \u00b7 capital meaning<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>text CC BY 4.0; data on the terms of each source<\/dd><dt>Copyright<\/dt><dd>\u00a9 2026 GCRI \u00b7 Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Language<\/dt><dd>English (en-GB) source edition<\/dd><dt>Correspondence<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway \u00b7 editorial office<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">DISCLAIMER<\/p><p>This edition is published for research, planning and public understanding. It is not a government assessment, an official warning, a rating, a certification, investment advice or an operational authorisation. Reasonable care has been taken with every source; consult the cited originals before relying on any value.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Colophon<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Format<\/dt><dd>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF<\/dd><dt>Typefaces<\/dt><dd>Space Grotesk (display) \u00b7 Geist (text) \u00b7 IBM Plex Sans Italic (standfirsts) \u00b7 IBM Plex Mono (data)<\/dd><dt>Design standard<\/dt><dd>Reports Foundational Edition, Volume I, Part VII<\/dd><dt>Accessibility<\/dt><dd>tagged PDF and HTML targets; text alternatives for every figure<\/dd><dt>Production<\/dt><dd>Reports editorial team, GCRI<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HOW TO CORRECT THIS EDITION<\/p><p>Report errors, omissions or objections through the Registry correction pathway. Each report is logged and answered; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version, and the original remains resolvable.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Release path for this version<\/h3><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cc-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table C.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Release path for this version<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">When<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Draft<\/td><td>editorial self-check complete at evidence close<\/td><td>October 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Steward review<\/td><td>five passes on the exact draft (keys T \u00b7 M \u00b7 F \u00b7 N)<\/td><td>Q4 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approval<\/td><td>publication authority approves the exact digest<\/td><td>before release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deposit<\/td><td>concept and version DOI minted; registry pointer set<\/td><td>at release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Succession<\/td><td>the 2027 regional edition reports changes against this baseline<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Current version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 draft, stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Previous edition<\/dt><dd>none, first edition of the series<\/dd><dt>Next edition<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2027-Q1-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Latest version<\/dt><dd>resolve the concept DOI or the registry record<\/dd><dt>Correction route<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway<\/dd><dt>Notice types<\/dt><dd>erratum \u00b7 addendum \u00b7 supersession \u00b7 withdrawal<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NO CORRECTIONS \u2260 NO LIMITS<\/p><p>The absence of corrections does not mean the absence of limitations. Limitations and uncertainty are stated where they arise in the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><div id=\"nx-nr-reg-eas-corrections\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cc-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cc-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cc-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.3<\/span><span>Corrections log<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-corr\"><p class=\"nx-nr-corr-sum\"><span class=\"nx-nr-corr-n\">0<\/span><span>correction notices. No edition has been released yet, so none can be corrected; the log below lists each edition&#8217;s current version.<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Version<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Date<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Change<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Notice<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Edition\"><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">REG-EAS<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Version\" class=\"nx-rd-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/td><td data-label=\"Date\">October 2026<\/td><td data-label=\"State\">Draft<\/td><td data-label=\"Change\">Baseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition,<\/td><td data-label=\"Notice\">None<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-rd-source\">Notice types: erratum, addendum, supersession, withdrawal. A correction is a new version with a published notice; the earlier version stays resolvable, and no edition is ever edited in silence.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-reg-eas-outputs\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cc-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cc-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cc-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.4<\/span><span>Open record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-os\"><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>This edition&#8217;s open record<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Desk identifier and series alias<\/dt><dd>NR-REG-EAS-2026-BL<\/dd><dt>Collection<\/dt><dd>None<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>Concept and version DOI at deposit, on Zenodo with DataCite metadata<\/dd><dt>Versions<\/dt><dd>Each correction is a new version (isNewVersionOf); the concept DOI resolves to the latest<\/dd><dt>Bundle<\/dt><dd>RO-Crate 1.2 with CITATION.cff, CodeMeta and PROV-O provenance; a signed manifest<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Credit and identity<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>ORCID<\/dt><dd>Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record<\/dd><dt>ROR<\/dt><dd>Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone<\/dd><dt>CRediT<\/dt><dd>Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing<\/dd><dt>Account<\/dt><dd>None needed to contribute; never a password<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Find and follow<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">Search the open indexes for East Asia; software is cited by its SWHID from Software Heritage, and a quantified scenario run is preregistered on OSF before it is run. Annotation is your choice: Hypothesis opens this page in its own viewer.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-nr-os-links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/openalex.org\/works?search=Nexus%20Reports%20East%20Asia\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAlex<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.openaire.eu\/search\/find?fv0=Nexus%20Reports%20East%20Asia&amp;f0=q\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAIRE<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/search\/works?q=Nexus%20Reports%20East%20Asia\" rel=\"noopener\">Crossref<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.datacite.org\/?query=Nexus%20Reports%20East%20Asia\" rel=\"noopener\">DataCite Commons<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/search?q=Nexus%20Reports%20East%20Asia\" rel=\"noopener\">Zenodo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.softwareheritage.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Software Heritage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/prereg\/\" rel=\"noopener\">OSF preregistration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/via.hypothes.is\/https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Annotate with Hypothesis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Mirrors and harvest<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">The DOI is canonical. At release each signed bundle is also given an IPFS content identifier and a bloxberg anchor as mirrors; both are listed in the record once they exist. Zenodo exposes every record over OAI-PMH, and reviews and endorsements can arrive through COAR Notify where the repository supports it.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><figure class=\"nx-nr-code\"><figcaption class=\"nx-nr-code-cap\">InvenioRDM metadata for a contribution on East Asia, prefilled from this page<\/figcaption><pre class=\"nx-nr-pre\" tabindex=\"0\"><code>{&#10;  &quot;metadata&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;id&quot;: &quot;dataset&quot;&#10;    },&#10;    &quot;title&quot;: &quot;Evidence on East Asia for Nexus Reports&quot;,&#10;    &quot;publication_date&quot;: &quot;YYYY-MM-DD&quot;,&#10;    &quot;creators&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;person_or_org&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;type&quot;: &quot;personal&quot;,&#10;          &quot;family_name&quot;: &quot;Your family name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;given_name&quot;: &quot;Your given name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;identifiers&quot;: [&#10;            {&#10;              &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;orcid&quot;,&#10;              &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;0000-0000-0000-0000&quot;&#10;            }&#10;          ]&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;affiliations&quot;: [&#10;          {&#10;            &quot;id&quot;: &quot;ROR identifier of your organisation&quot;&#10;          }&#10;        ]&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;description&quot;: &quot;What it is, where its record is kept and how it bears on East Asia Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of East Asia\u2019s Interdependent Systems..&quot;,&#10;    &quot;rights&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;id&quot;: &quot;cc-by-4.0&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;subjects&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Nexus Reports&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;East Asia&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Regional Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;related_identifiers&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/&quot;,&#10;        &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;url&quot;,&#10;        &quot;relation_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;issupplementto&quot;&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;publication-report&quot;&#10;        }&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;version&quot;: &quot;1.0.0&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;custom_fields&quot;: {},&#10;  &quot;access&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;record&quot;: &quot;public&quot;,&#10;    &quot;files&quot;: &quot;public&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;files&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;enabled&quot;: true&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;parent&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;communities&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;default&quot;: &quot;nexusreports&quot;&#10;    }&#10;  }&#10;}<\/code><\/pre><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-hook\" data-nx-research-hub=\"slot\" data-nx-research-context=\"{&quot;org&quot;:&quot;GCRI&quot;,&quot;site&quot;:&quot;gcri&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eas\/&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;edition&quot;,&quot;subject&quot;:&quot;East Asia&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;Regional Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;]}\" hidden><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-reg-eas-pillars\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cc-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cc-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eas-cc-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.5<\/span><span>Where this edition sits among the six pillars<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Foundry seals the evidence and Universe tests it; Reports publishes it; Standards takes its corrections and Academy teaches from it.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F03 Sealed observations and indicator series<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F04 After-action and scenario findings for<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F05 National Portfolio movement for chapter<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Applied in editions<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>: applied in editions.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>REG-EAS edition<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Reports<\/span> East Asia 2026, published in every format with its sources, citation and corrections.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F06 Method and correction findings as change<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F12 Q4 synthesis informs the next-year<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Taught in the open<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Academy<\/span> Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>What Foundry and Universe hand to this edition, and what it hands to Standards, Universe and Academy. From the programme spine; REG-EAS is a drafted Baseline Edition, so these handoffs run from its first operational quarter.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Handoff<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Between<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What crosses, and when<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F03<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F04<\/span><\/td><td>Universe to Reports<\/td><td>After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F05<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus Standards to Reports<\/td><td>Nexus Standards: applied in editions.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F06<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Nexus Standards<\/td><td>Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F12<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Universe<\/td><td>Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"academy\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Risk Academy<\/td><td>Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-noprint\"><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Send evidence or a correction on East Asia.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the GCRI <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Evidence desk. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work. 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A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><p class=\"nx-note\" data-nr-rights=\"true\"><a class=\"nx-link\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> Free to read. Text and figures: CC BY 4.0. Data: CC0 1.0. Authors keep copyright. Published by GCRI Canada.<\/p><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-reg-eas-full-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-reg-eas-full-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-reg-eas-full-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/urban-flood\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Urban flood<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/risk-science\/risk-information-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Risk information standards and interoperability<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/data\/identification-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Identification (the UNI)<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script><style>@media print { @page { margin: 20mm 17mm 20mm 17mm; @top-left { content: \"Nexus Reports\"; font: 500 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @top-right { content: \"East Asia Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of East Asia\\002019 s Interdependent Systems. \\0000b7  Baseline Edition 2026\"; font: 400 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Sans\", sans-serif; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-left { content: \"NR-REGIONAL-EAS-2026-BASELINE \\0000b7  Draft, not released\"; font: 400 7pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-center { content: \"CC BY 4.0. 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