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\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VYaKjzZZ6MnF3kvk21\/CspqxELFh8+SaTTP8w4jREfoQuzeDZnkm7L2AnH3Nx\/4VJYY2sY85YTs6WraErbqfDJYuRL4cBX2FaFmoiITPZvxKx\/tsk6bLinDLko5Rfz37xTdvHxRPmmgApQgF7vyL6QyScLw\/\/lEMQ4p8evq2mybQAM+swP9+4qDxVr+kqqCzMyhKGE32qnfqnMQ7VvD5K5K+0jcm6WStPippXdPsa65zcMVX4NHWNd3h0StJYYFyySy8x8GqN1TlOnxzEZOkBSIInyzRf3zQDS5hTGp11KKp6qI7nMAEI+uHA+My2rl+t0sWjfRVHkLEKmUEgX3gWKBqm\/YKsLd2krIZU0OnCCmdkNZvCiS6gdHgtgX8we04L257msgdEN7Hgj1kqzcAfxar8BAQvWIPLhDBMjvskaywqdB4eDpING6cFLEkYlYEnYK8ZiKSQcuKvx7vOo\/UfFDqpwejTqA03I5pj\/tRTEwYhWQnzKBCtWfdTdQ7L7DI1Ss4jfoyKDc7worTpU2x2+FBOWiCXMjrwp76Ha8GD0YUzP6kLFr+4w+QAc+HYePo3S6ow4jmaZ9ODZ8X18kF4hOMXrN4ZI1duYFKp1UU6DyjS5gp9oHvxxtiCsTghn0hMW6dMmZRq1ToZigR54lysUciD1Aa11I0PytMY3wESAyFFdeDhAqp5dPE8Iv76b9azs5ZeVN26db1rlaYM8GsSa79oSSxZiP9pm84\/PtR6\/\/pm6AxOrMGwdJk5QLFrv4Zx\/uUhL5NK0uvorD5ayhhVHTf23YPqLdEEE+EtoZk0\/dngxbbliy3IrERkHaBunNrZzyF4Md6yPFTt974K7iDduC2iGC8DIw4prBN658v3PaHGU\/b9YQEFfBkYobB+nAFHDKQSbB3rIVKq2CcQlKPCNnjfpSVcl7rvC1VSX6a9Isik6xLp2g+Uitjhrs+R2pcusWWM1qWSStQ5EnyR2uQC6BZTBGCe4JoXqO6Ko2WintvovyzXnq01F9CskwDodiRDT\/b\/rL4BlpBjUT0NcQlubTTvIP8ixocvNzKi5LjRCzCGG+ncVURnIpV+p3aunTRdvQZGGUNN\/700LUKbw0hCI0QHKdjQhG2M1YwvcRp+eShKgLZXiBB0mMWfJNqs+6SrCVNYQatJ\/DtOMRGLx+gGah3WT9ovSCBZMXqC+iGTnK8ElBBRXgMpDxrFmN0oxgCxqsG0pC9WpC+zkcJE35ivbytWhT4pAnCKkLqEan0cY\/92ikuIWT3YgwGYIVaw\/OjSrzMErXpWe7ZsOS1vVqfzkQn7Ky1PJBr4Kf3FWdXbTbY9cCg88wNEk2xOpWZVW3NJWd3lZqotdhur9i+JXyk4AQ4zT7Y\/xst9k9lH1Kc9PF\/Kj1n3LtJDE1+yOIRfHsrs0kpSFK2R0A9q7Uk5Xnqeqgj+yjkMrwEMjXNW84zou5oHI+6aPpVw6nM4E\/p04uluBhhlORoXXuVirxHYZsVx6feeBax9ZK+0f8ZU8N\/hezlRLc1uP2VLErHbwfcLSEMY1t6Mf65pSCLTqNk9sYW5ZupPMLksYTVUMgveARzt1zj8diuCPEsSg5ZIWTsQNtSW2UVHflfaL9ibZXEy8AnItfxJP4AUhUVSJ18JmOkVGkWSldOJdVNFbVmPECUuUXwZBCEKtJO79bY4cOPZrUHBeMXhOyh6Tw2ORVTctdcmefs1hm8IkfwVauij9v\/+P9q\/oO7mHw+Cg3PrIVcbPYXgK0VH0l4H6fu6sw\/OnRZjx0l+O4iAQuMZNdLUMQcIDvbLAygTUFQOYsA4XtHc7W1kC1s8OolvszOTBZsEgs7fxCeBcEL0JyaB2Jjob0SOCnOnkKTC8laSnBps6gwqpwbKnuF+n7csnG\/5VO93ee2cCyWNu2tvTVZRp4Dx1tMY4\/+mjg01vwPd2KA8LUFnYBj9c90J\/zm\/rwICKO4ijwDK7BAxQkMCcr\/AprkMbkx7fiNicMQSW5AJmGC86OYj5A43ywRI9ByABRpE4kG35Rop6Ta9QN7TYn\/M7QJBG8MHuHXWXqs4aw9XPA53m1I5LdbyV4Ya70+gePrKw3VXyLi0u\/nqxjmJ5XFolPB8QRoSdGlfz2mBFXhn8P5k6laUryqTOGKh6hHVd\/+Kte2oQJiNILs85Liy6+hg7QJudouCbS5BPvraEoJzeQet5ZoXAg1M2spmLtuQCJ\/suaMD5XraEMPnHGUf9+6KWTRMs8ZzxJ\/MIeLmynkQF55ZkWBhEX14TDRQpdWMCTtEToWdGNHoVFxJFD3QEzC0MxUCuu5IQYdophPlq\/bbLspXC5NE3AHS7l6zlq288d4vyjh4oYMlcMHHYYTiB\/tFVzdDAZNo8YsB0zNmFuylmX2Ot\/++IC8yVcOouqVl\/hm1\/whrzfHcBW8b7lyN9GHG28pYE6dAoj4h3xIYlSSasFFkDPguW1smYraLyHY+sFrdmcm44w6QNviV+s7QZsk6kOk21oj9J2vitDOP\/XFowyZMw4WsWwsPTTCVy3ddTi4eA7nykeFu2tHuevzl73+DD46azaVyf964c6rTrHzC1+f\/ol9ZrZi7A5RxUE8sNiBOhT7+rN7XO+g+M9xcs1XChwbLY\/JZ5o5hiFLETjaD\/QkDaPIGSk5ZKIPdaa4DpOjpAcrZ7nb3Yxtv8gvV\/oQL9Qc4+n8fJ1x6kJVM3sjoYJTZ8Zh0BIRgtYG5cGDwHGwsussLuGlStWkkQ+ANXC4Q5AiitU4oKUZLrPmIaUkqzIUBhyRieK85T8jqxjnkzpwm7Zd6vqqFZunEfVKaSfpBfC2qBN2Nq4WUo2kzloueS1T68bk9mp9Z0lD09gxhUQrZPuVBPlOVpDjt2KKYNLjTHR3I4QWC8snWmZ6svqtOytck5uIRJmgHm9qMAORhb2xAG\/IQxjmh6NjB9npO27gAJscnZZjABWxIs4sVtvW\/PiO9BO2GLs+32+XGL81hJrjwz01f1qxDryM767swKo6zcWZfad5EJAG2fz9QflncKTEsWBa98tu1KOPow2jES+z7a\/iwfIMwbWkBlYvWQAkiNWWsINypHCZLRA6zVrwfLv+KOQnZjXe+RvFTyhOMNJi3+w\/EXQqijmxVrKgcnaBUZu+XOCk465GZF5X7+3b6GJ0X1JmJi103+JVdYibwlfgtq6JwNqSLq5p1ulKu8ZjduvVT1bVWeZWhL1Jq0De5Y7Np1htTs81FryBu2+rzL4tFauT6dswW7dgx68r\/+f3H7C1Fl5q4if\/+5NzJnZ9plXWtXwj3eMhY2QEOrJyxclo7IiSwgqVJES4N3z0CiusQc0vNu2uySaovOSzLjwnovH2+Zls51JvXFTcv76q3DU4zu1p5XumKa9Gbh0Fu9PbUcgzK012bzzs1fBPW2CnJPf55dnjyxCtSUOCUvOiQPHy7m3UeC+tIZUi8mrwFFbXykYj2e0FrqqZu2DD+BeuI8ODXc0qG9Kk+WiOH\/JXT1ep\/Rvvsnr+TE8XECSHdQZrrP6kvksnBvbH\/lN7ge4118DhQfWIiXMzP7KEIc2yzXta2t4Sv2\/gOia4wlvY3zbjfJrokcXlH8rxmiNuGJ27re9JrMrSB9Tbv1wEfpBTwwEhEF15FMz74qH1zIOTrvuP9rJvevvfCLX7RjzgLn3i3dwzys672vub\/jJt95HR8xsWuODX3vdf7OqNyrVvup57Xz75HMX7CGJrxmR2o4gQaZmZj3\/G26+rAWOz5zWd2THQK9sarakic6tvZyAIIUhyjWucWRqUJSMP9o+3aGztoC+Ny\/2hDx3I2TRmCNIb7R2trAQs2pTlKl7p\/tANn7ZpNKdrK+0fLtlyrreAEkkxoPk5fUFpbCKP27YAknkUhs9so9KjyHAbXfP+49ny3SkZMyqMky1AYa+RGO0CVpxma3P2j52+8rd388Lthorzt250DqDJr\/wi9INhGVJm9fwQOCP0tVebsHzdRaAUbqszdP9oRgDv6XaRMFJrOQZyi1q3QjbYeW2yhedxEwY4ttvePbuQ71AThYmf\/CHY7P4rYYnf\/GDlwSxUXafYWgSRBzTq+425M8Sdr\/+it12tf8pO9f9y5Wyf0xZ+c\/WPg+F5kiz+5+0cYwR3djSzGXdiCNbBNtthCy7EDLmCLbTTTAFLzhIud\/aPjAce32WJ3\/4i2C2ybPEFQoiZd37Kp3YmLrf3jLrA3rsUW2\/vH0F8DG7LFDppV4LoeW4wmO4QeYCcAT7S7Xm8CthhNsr9zApctxnsscKHHFjv7x9CD22jDFrt1Psq2uMxyiNoMt8BZA67cQjPuAcfmyu39ow0c0\/G4cgft5E24cblyd\/\/ouaEXtCehKPDkepHvQMCUoo0crun9jUpRi54dVMlT61IH9c\/16P4VZGLtrbtuZ\/CYgKIgMe6WqZP\/mc\/b7YohUNkbGwbvrqnfXz5QJnJzY24pmvQHxNRvS614kIGi3D+6YG2udzSlQkPwHX\/rt5NfWbMfvWBjU+sdZcf9oxmYoUmtEzYSV\/li2VJUsembgQkpEnw8lQXeSsAG64D\/wdo\/bhzH20T8DzY6S2vbW\/M\/ODiXOXC3\/A8ukwoX\/fAKj\/jcABdQtwIqRXs42kbuminFB9WPPMCUOvtHRFI2FlPq7h93ETSp1o6XCx5nyLSGSq394xq1xpba+0fP9rfUFkWlDiaTETCZUtSaD52wLQUwr8ZmOmxpfVQAU4oogs2MGJWiyTTB1mNrwDMZ7qg+hFdySlzgRA5XjNozPdd12WK0gObO9Linnf0jNH1zyxWjJrdh4FOTAapt46zXJlOKp3MNtoAptRHd3LoBW4Ozf\/R3AFJUCZUisu4h9DuK9CagnlDb3nLleEo3Ln26cbmNqZXrBFw5mlbXj9Z8\/XhioUNNbJBk1xC1a0cOXQ8pt\/aPbrB21pArRxvV2fjbLVeOLlMb7KhZJOUuIsIhgFS7p4RcKTagtjsqRW0CD1AbG5XamDPYUVcEKkU8hB161BZGpeQ6AdRWQ\/I5mVy049litJpwB6itjYvRdeKFbgjYYjSzXuhsIVuMFtTcmNSERzG5TaIo9DyPLbZQMTCpHYuLbVTsgRrdpC7GO9bZOlzdeC13\/s6nGbgsh5jmRr7pRdQPxSm\/+vvHYMewAYFRgFeQpmD\/GIbBbkPzjsccXRSPvhtudy7NU8KS8Lqe7dObPTCCPLsg2uhvqbspMK65D3D2501k00zlOStAHOwfobMDAbWsRozIexCFW0iX+gCFKOwft3C7pTmCErnD4rWNPJ+5bvEPiCXa+e56y\/9gY8pjOkJVmCR5kh\/whDu+C+kJv8LEiLKiiBPCe20A\/2t6DRIIcslA8c+njzDPZLw4+hGfWsmc4h\/fYrQMToSa5X\/z4wyvtkPdeNVPR5hJVoM0V2Y5OELMEUP6sJKfs\/KE7ugN2LDDBFhMWYdrz2034wVmKF0codmAotnVDxZhYV3hB0TTzC19lKofyF1hboQfyHVh+q5a2jIxVzwl3oWbEIQhJ95Fm2gTrVnxjuciiXgHHWhTr1fiHQC+SzE9RLwLotCmpDMi3nG1YvHO8qyt5Yvine17gW+OF+\/CreV7pkS824KdBxxWvNsGa8vkxLtw6zsUX0TEO+A7fsCKd2vguyBgxTvT8jzqOqnFO67pWrzbwQBASxDvXLDbho4g3tmW51Ht1eKd6ztgBwXxbgOsCNhS8S7cBdtILt757s6HcvFuG3pRAKXinQdcn7p3aPHOXTvmVhTv\/O1mTfHStXgXbnzXE8W7XRCsd0AU76Id5ItdJDSvw20giHdRCB2wEcS7aAN21GGsxTuIhI1IEO\/8rQ2cQBDv1pHlUfdxLd4FuzCAkSDe7Rw\/gLYg3q393TqIBPHOjrwNJ3HjUfoOIzrV4h23oxvxjtvVjXgHA+iFgSjecbu7Ee+4HV6Jd9zerMS7nR2sQ8iLdxBGVuTy4l3kgvVWEO9829ravky8s9emXv9\/WMKzbE7Ci6zIjhxOwgsdtHV4CW8TbG2KGa4kPBe40doTJLwt2Jm7LSvhwQ3c0rIvkfAwtd2IEh504RpuJBKe7VsBpftoJbw14jKhRMIDW9dZRxIJDwZbehtTEp4PnS3gJbzIhjDweQkv8MKAYhRrCS\/wfW\/HS3iOu4VuxEt4ZrimlWuVhAdBZAceL+EBL6RXoZLw1lsQeICX8Gxna3o+L+FZtgspfqGS8CI\/csI1L+FFdhBS7H8t4UW7rbvjJTzf80wb8BLeZuvQGsxawos8uAstQcKDXrDebUQJL9xt16Eg4QHT85ydIOF5rhNYES\/hwQiG1K1eSXiB64fUsa8kvJ213QYmL+Gto7W5C3gJz3Ftax2JEl4URV4QiBJeFIbRditKeNHWd6hJbSQ86GygvRMlPN90PZpPqCW8yI3W1HlqJLxwGwbUJdtIeL7r+8FalPC2\/s6l5bBawvNMb7fZCBKea1prl5fwHH9tb31BwrN2FnUxVRLeGgY7z5ZIeBtblPDswIFUFbWE50SbyF8LEt42CixKT9xIeGbgUSOpJbzAXTuOL0p4XuBSd1st4cFoS+thagkv3K3pw1BLeMC0AisQJLx1YAITSCQ8y\/d8B4gSHvC2wHNlEh4nBjUS3i4ILIadbyQ8J9pGu0iQ8KC3i0xTlPDC9Roy5bWEFwSbHcVYVBIe3EEYORIJL9gGtu9KJLxd5AeBTMKL7NDeABUJj1uFVsIDjm1bnRKeB13guJ0SnjBQWsIzzY3t2x0SnjCnlIRnmju4caQS3jbwQseSSnjCarAS3sb3Ir9LwtvhfwQJD7phEIQSCS8KI5OiIK2EF3nBbudLJDy43dEXbyvhBes1cHyJhIfkVdtZHqJWAkb7lxT4lxT4lxT4lxT4lxT4lxT4lxT4lxT4lxT4lxT4lxT4lxT4lxT4o0iBaumc0NK+fXnIwRsHlySAjjprBnS0EvlWTAkWDVerCQAck3pdwhzJKkM95+BSiVzKdhwLpZ\/XcUKjugCqKDI2rXpM6Xprx09MrJyQy\/7qyTPTGsBUt7d6\/MS0yivS3Vt99cy0BtAN0Fs7emBa1fgW6a0bPzGtcnIV9dZOHplWfRzA3rrj8WFYbMXkTuytmzwy8aRiFqanevKAACC0Nn+a3p411J61bHv2UHv2su05Q+05y7bnDrXnLtZezYv1tFg\/sprTgDXcgDWrAXu4AXtWA85wA86sBtzhBtxpDSBmr5fioAc+hZlI3788+G\/32m917ffZbHXt99lpde332WZ17ffZY6h2cMzvuKqo9vutKqr9fquKar\/fqqLa77eqxJLQUz15YEbl1lDl1ozK7aHK7RmVO0OVOzMqd4cqn3gVUMqPfnGufW453oZSrQw3Xj24bOtYczPcNn5s2ZaxWmi4ZfzYsi0jndNww+ipZdv14xEz7ccLz\/MRjmj1CJdeXaKFG7G+5MFlW8dKvuG28WPLtYx8D\/obRU9MI1PY4aG3cvzERJ0K8rLgKu9BWG49M1baej0NY5lpn3hnKHaAvLTSHA7lmeHaQ1CcYKhJ35zU1d97L\/\/fpwqFv\/de+79PFQV\/773wf58qAP7ee9X\/PlXs+733kv996g1PHHC4mjEGerNTEHoDL+E1rjtjW73V6TCM970WJPGl9ecimRrQngZ5oQZBKstsQQNo47xjY6G3laA7QY5TW8dJUk0XknFf4F6rEur8MzqgVWGTaPt5XZegjgQIBQjPOF36W4YAx3GxEj4FQIkRINg\/mtByrcp4gworfArTdmyvLQ1KHC9suzu6zDiD3zLkOuZ7Vu01gH7JM4A81eygMVzjUoBsYpEZ2bX5HJX6SYgct4Bdx3FWhQa2W67BOvQcqk2YJMgpZBvtqN5Vnm2byHdCuoPZNS2R8c6367BtVHzJkg8cbb6ma4avCNr9EZrbXe3qgOtICgOQqOg1YItJmOR2HbDFwf5xB9AfW4wC38A28qPZsWfN0kEXBpHDL11kRxYM2aULdsGm9kNglw7swGYX8UvnRK7jAn7prMCCts0tnQc3Vm38ZpbO3\/k+0yZeug3YwO1aWDo78iK6G9XSAcdbWyG\/dME2CEJx6fytC2xx6Zxo04SYU0sHtluv9pijlo6OWaSWjvTvU5xK\/1reP215VSh6ihJshPDW5HyY8DLK\/F4j+9ZIfl6N2j82\/4AlzT5gul0oykpZ6+veXnKIoaKamxKltpFl0yE5h9Eg2oRWOD\/YeP1vb\/6JIfRCtbmzJYkHOnCyGzxnJgPFJYeHEvg1TJT6rC6SEkXpSklz4yUuB3PXL5Tpsx5qVkzPRe\/2p1nabVXTLJH+3DHPEm7g68+3qZmV8PtVaqUmn4uplMxlMaBPrkPayWlpnmaSMzSMgI6hzzVrfXn\/m\/XscAezAGkxoTsvr+P2lIWmTrazvCpJOkXIuLQkUzqlheWNDHmNhozzw\/zNet5KqZGEcm97E+AsR9Orzobtcg7C7jdSGYGPB+nH2wnmUL3hJE5fipskRxipGP27TQ5W9w\/fLSabu43P8DaxKxqYlnLJYVIumWz+QwVQ3vF5fWyMjijNQzZ57CPyhtV9UW\/jlGUvjJStTAmvpVFIM4vzS4aT8dS55DwqoXO7i4y8LRF1lX1LR+fXeYV5GQcgqROe4ryTU4bVpAopIbLN5PDhWzNSKf1mN8Y9VkzoFtH4tN0ibVZnjigFp7Rxk6TyEne6Mled53NuXfS+UVzPfVnhfFBAtN2qxG\/M\/YFIgMdixG+84MSMy5UwnQtzW3gYKXULIc3W3yzpDTSC9FRgqUZ6PcM8DvZaCfwrCh9Ir+dCpWt5SISmcUx6b7PIsxWlYp7QhSK75gGD71pRVWYqjvVh51P2TB3vQL44fO8z2fu83mSHnbTqiJPFr\/jRqGZxzUOSzehG5eackHSGg9s94oQzD99avhbn8zRVsP5HVC8DOm5X0R6\/jEQncznueUfqHeNHDQ3QfL4YQRKfEQcKVivqCZ96Io+LF8NfjU7Rru3j4gmPKYApxAusk6\/tZwqHnCxg\/UN0IjuiIwOwUrrhwrimsRFmwQuXA49ji1o+aGxqg9WE1WezCXwV0ndzuhVL8fheEiPMypuczUAXQ6XMr3PPUxzHtuU46PyD2w62Q7Iw9JYiRDmMC3Qgw5WMATHXahzIJTESeIRpOJILJ5kIG1bcHmbF56tilhJ2mrFqdO7jIfuOYgNxk3FyPzAvdzwXVUeYcfaKxp5cMkbL69KiDVlw9bQjk3pPnT2abG+UT2+c3pR1qQvtOZmtsZnNDTpPdq3pbRtXs8miMQbNTUrmyHEVJwlHBMiykeLqEAuCEfIZKsaYSfH5wZsGbZg\/jDgNEWG01XtRTZOu9iKKDEJyCbhcIMjR9V\/nem\/FAKRCbEiz7bIyu7d4kuSZqtUDpT2yu\/n2a16gWiqD+OTpJsL\/tEmvFAf9IsTSQirbe0Z\/PnEUn6iDZ44u9dk4x+m3r\/s0K5\/aMa5aIq6i3+lrQvR3YMiHObeNIMkKGH6b1nHuREuIUgKjsmIWmjvIpsmO1x7zrUQ1N8Jwtl0qbXc7kl9PcRjCdMasVPwukgLIbJ\/O3\/Rm3sNr1nwrjAR8ZFeU9+YaJyHyRUOnwjhlZ2jA90uS5eS0k5II\/L5q76W1csb6hTu2GiG49aQLxilslExBnzSxyFyqmd9nz+zIBslsudQJaFg2d9tvTbNMc+Ic\/hqH\/\/eXB\/IdEfZXEHwYZJLm1FTC\/FwsUE8CjyAxaM2DY0\/c7R0jZaXRpca9bK31LLC1KtpmXSZV3ZZPVYf33eRUdSMmWiASS8314hXX091P1sw7TQ3OY3WXuVmkZunkiLm3JJqB0cAOHenAHqseoPdBCd\/Ah5CaTeNUanSqv30U58h56BQnkrSPFSHFXi+Ykah0NAvka1yw3\/s9iEr65M9hSepVxQQlKBG1bsvQV\/5mcmU3kztJAzyyA8ufwLENYy26Vob63Zs4sbO8k0zyTm2Og1N8mZ\/jE9Vy65SX8c8rZcHDTyAMv9Ffw2+1raIVutFDxtuKNsgR5QBZfCJPcI8nK85YbPLCflNAtCILyE1YNqMpR9V05TtHFq\/68l5D8k2QCo8JejmHKuxUobINyAt+qaTGCWFRGsdsvA\/Gb9eijKMPo\/EGqMox\/0GU7O\/o\/sB8XqO0fGeNFCYnINp3VQRRcTVjbK5ylSX2lJL4g+CSt2pga9PkLsyDzNbOKZDkPiUH3O3qgmuHQ7Q5yLPqXLRdhKCAK53W98if6P5p4mZW1mGRLT3hNb+coDCrtnftZtOhHcS\/Lq4uIyP9FRlIkb9pUcDwy0OZXzvDCas2DP\/Y2Rf6ka7fVMzN\/GpO1elVqzr9dbS6n6kMfL4gA\/MFGiBABGxfVx1XBa0BkHxfIdTVCzSKLBIfxqX8G7iwfi1LqZeyVJfopqsn4\/R1b5GPyOnTeNvbyMuWKjntLTZcStGr1xypBXdN4lLzN+t5LSWGQ8r2YYqO8utdk7KXkrfe7CgabTJfj1Zc+1lXebh2vFJ8iXD38mtQpbN77OH5dLL1k6OfXP2iZ4l+TfQw0cNQj+LjNYcrqeFzQiu46tVtslPnBWrF6\/E5vlX8Q51RGl3syGhPF0gj8IQIvanBeJR7wIR5qAxhQI\/Ty7XUfy2Bj\/Xb31ZjyVNDU+bSJz5PeQ4TUMavcPLBb05V4ayoL+uVRGXU7ib6wa4vLXAVWWxsqxxz7JdylEezhSq6YCsLswdNfr7YqbCUGhF1JBKfQptlCj3TVAlsqXjEluwREwYhfG0pTJL4UsSFSu+LK5IQP24UfXel9L3HP7FyzRt2E\/zsUWn+bQRzT3HqKm0ArBQoek9ja46nD9o4IYpgpvuwfIMwPYh7eEJfvxLeDgTllwfUwYdvN8pxivWQwkeeSLkqLf2G1rSq1dIsIiX3HUA8RcLgseMToTr8\/lDqTXbNU\/hRyGVZZuzvbA+Rg+VC3MoQT0S7mTYOP1NGWXu2jBbcBbqHV4q+nGm7baNfad+wW47OPAzolNTkb7kDhoNJky1lPXkJWkJrZkzqTKuxWOE4b41e6XTOcMaLoHQ855BvSasMw35K2AXfxMeHPziKsIJ4COcsl7OULs9SuooH6AzTq8zDgXhbVVUTghiAJHhC1EH7hTk6K4lrlkm7QkhYDnTgBdpor+uYBab4HKdPLjLm6ahxokOlx+yZryc+zFfCsFljZLAZXlXNVqE3Q9s8LsCXewI+VsprVJ9CXfXF5U4xVRvvdC1eIJIFkJFM9sptpQeaSt6XulKMnyulroKMPdnljZtERQUe\/zYrgQ1o85ZR4\/F7CpPS4ASDF4qUKvCdSBiQbARW0deKkCr99Mt0ITU+s4F5LsGREjI6HFPCO7irO\/NXI28tnr0YxVxMUM831YbX3IhAUa4mqturhR2lwFatEwkKr93nqGIYlKutgyXkx6IJpehcykrCrFchzRAtSrI3hWBH0pN62SUjpJQ0Mk079TNfnqWrid3oWcO4uoVFHTK5nJWbLM436bnt4+5V2oh\/ZGJjy4jNqOt1ObllHGGZRUL0O5CaeCytWe56je9EiuKptIhZ9nlEKIyLYEkJffzGN3+UTa46XZ8sKqMmCVMH3y8gDcdydSptKImyDFFoHOGXPeWoQ\/JBV92kHPDzDGERVNmLxrdS5HIRmx4+P3oGuqrSDyObn3EByBCERe6nNZKHZeqe2TCV5OrUlW9aXZEo6YrbU5+u+ZkqaQnMA3YbFO5h7DeoZD4BPo89IxK9EVLEwmamA415ipUpTcFHsxOLIM+SxAd5bZgsT3GqOnjt1zxL4JeHEqDEWNKbQWSKuqBwhAXqnjlHcjNQcyjXQtQx3O1zBj6zKrcHZS6qbg53NHs0U6krzPeYq2VWA4SmFjCBQTlaPcCvxhKqAIzyOF\/\/hasRdilWaV4SZLAS9ySr3TR7N6W1jFKg0olRW8yS6rYGjZoqU3MBKUwEMmkqVzF\/kS6AgqpjrPq9du\/G6t\/aIBW9aZDH8eU0AVxQCxJwvjxhqArd9l7fdGfrXt5XDDdAnll76JmN\/XrSN+ij0hoVJThCmclW4DJ44avDn6l9Kj6j5Jwa2owgaaFJgjgPEqh37WG0zWmUd+QrgMfdVtx6FRDXgpomHnPgH8rsGpwq++5eu4DU+Dg0fiiq+wbPznNcoH2I8HxudFN+nB5VKnvLciYgg41lN6voUfPQMJZGlsc1cNPhLU4SIziBFM1p84hy+2gwxyRGJ+E2gotOkGaF5aJJmUrDCUjhSGOS4Loug\/avjTJXv0x6kCRhAl8Bvln7POdQbG35sdeeNypDQog1+egx0YYwPEaaKTEZXIKRDoOKzJ1wmCv2gaAXF+oHAy0p73vVPwe9HG2l1eJcIvqFeH4OZRygfLI69lMzWzzAgWBfJ7dkNwomH7f9bHpdeMeU5mCML9CkNUKeM+ntHm5FbROcYxGlHJ7jUgTDIyw6txjaI23\/K5PX7K2N2pTlQuhSi4memK8wKLPcgFEEgxLXYhQBSNBWJg8z+ouKAjF0V1Bjkvd6n1EdYwXx\/nGBXx6OaBrTCvusGhA6JSDP0ZH1NHdO7RiOHnZVjjzrlKtH11iW3ti1oTYduyj2lOrDLIU3+eKrs8JNpfH51l45SsOmk3Qs4DyCq6umka50mjAFE+DDRMrctAQSf0Q875OxNn\/S0b9WGjoZ8KlpO05fVys67mmUKCSaqka5Bcwzjto9bqEyWj6XMKUIq1EywxKEtDDOqxBNjYgX3SqkTpdn5ou9YvWSzbST+Av2OmZ\/PH2Wg83Q\/Sp6bJDFjNMTzOOy1\/I0ikgzoWXDpqn7GsTRbhmBnDwBxLWqXCRnnmoVHU531W7pCRqQGqtxLFG7rbFfGrOdDbQBV6N\/sOsfVIelPZ\/CPoje0ZZduwYF6jEoyYHaezJsTF9x7bkoOVWGTMXFGjC2vAUDFVCOxnfoIzLQ3IZ7oV51mt1G+PQvpjsljb6Et25JY6b6l7RwTG6dru7samJBi5lHe8RqNrzylK7hxRz0K2T6hAoU46fUe1aWDG6yJ4EBUQ1xaUZpvEH\/JS5xTHj9GVeOFX57+0A9gJREODizwlwVZf2OtAi8tz9DeJ49eFafkzM7J45kTtaLiMFdsuu0uLaq91GD58moLvApmELNG3ALujaJIwL7QA+PVOm7KAdVp0c9sThhRdIHCWORKWtGL9EiJCvOegyDNu1ej1hd2XqNIOQUF52U+ay9FWeSS8mWEVPlwM\/xYexx\/uUhLxMEe0J1bKz9e3\/KivKJqmXFrgd1P2GZ7r8\/GdbqcE1jnEvMj8N4r8Uox3M5Yf4QwRqpajQwlCITeyCcPecHEjE5VVmdl6dHuFRUPKrP9iXLy5GzjfDBmV3Nc1oU1Di7TO4oPJMOwbALlpzSlE8b9nOc3mR7x1hPYRhxjdm1vImhMFMqJEq1lzgNvzwghK1GWJqY70RSLR5uWy\/jf1\/RnHbhetzz5\/K9dJ8gSeLO+wBU3XHa7rS\/1fORXf0Ezmk7hEFcxFnKd4CZEaEL5NflOgFKUMDyQSnMR1hZnFekf2mdeXvynIWQXC+IgCwEqSVrCOQljEAwc0ZyFK6AthblQIeSfB6z9MnUTL2NbDPw3bzSTBxrhr9Un0zzJ93E\/5m3xd9hHsSFuDzLLExRAsT1hfPmK0jAle6i7ChO6yWGJfhWw4LQSbS6bT\/I\/I+IKPnXuNtkTPRMY4s1rEWxF9rRVpmrQpy5CitV7kA6q0bi9F\/z7Ig0bO26LeA81duOOKSFGnkDcRmnR9KCPqcmdHuGAz3l0ynnMLwGMDTOWR3hZFwa05aSC+3g7GFhAaQoTw9xY0ECU5yKvhnGGbyvNJL9R4vTKE7jEn7\/\/g8v8CPKwRkW9au3MpN5LJfXPF0puaf+kWXnId4QMucFuaT2s+Pu6qAWAGCyGAGfFDbXUAZHdcLaeCApnoDoFLgd5xS4yOWKO5hdy8t1jHZXdHDeNkpqdyAnxIjQiYWyuSEH\/jiNZ25U2c8MchOvDt15f8ZuFCxXc7xG0LRJdBVSJSurllVu5flspB0G7XqGJtW5mFWbqRH7A3C9negNUNf7yveRmLBGejVYw44mSthQcTpW6Ofswn2k3V7JQReGQhHvcmR4KqXu\/jzxDsC5svucgPPsTcAjExyn5egInwwhhm36Me1O1oWsQXtXK7gmuFO68\/Xn2zT1bPU+OuDFG7i01mxzyqQMuQzMtuoTj4rbgmhtddZ02nCznW\/MUvMiRL5DgmeNcz+vS3WSjRj166ic4N1UrtMMQdnLBKjkxWb5khU9Zl6BNDp3gLtTRKy7fVpe4vYIN23fxxg7tUcoGpXkBZgeqNRSuuwCJQMltnXJELHdSXC0ndu2ZEiImqnG6JIqROsrt3emVTurZzdy3guYRAx+n8waglWNhqX9zAxiJYcg7HhYqX+wBDfBkHzXaDDE4owLhNqJaT8nWcpVe6eFSkol8koTWEY612fhH4jWoO37PS4U7oRhiZerN\/tydfsvV059wcvS9oTVCQeiRHu8EjjfF5W2X16VwvfQ5tWRP02lxV5pVpSrtae4D9ELPbvQEnaUcm9un7XOSHelzGSpNjAebET0GB4BEMrkb2VdUexFg3mnp+8Yw+iNwfdSnXklf+QlAUyyoFhSZkri9KXQ1TqAM3DLIS+Vm9bAbSicbgweAgme7fBFkQO6zaAkVc\/VgtGk3oDzoJ+rfpC9SHojjPWahhCn0SH9ar42KPXPtppfTTP4sQg3CzBd14Taeijn+ozFQwx8Cl7Vvdqt1aHTqfJODpJKUmYDza1ETyqnkJsUzrQb0pEJPB3jUDaATzBPzMmvqdpV20FWhgKJXNV1vIveMr+mGof2bi8JYFXmIHiRASm00O\/EXsSuqGRCVUeFs3D8WoVaInyAh28S400FlthF7uWggnXeFCXREuQv3TG7VBS8YIhzJa6Dc4PmcG+0cYZAkzXv2d2ejJxvII\/4M1tUvqa1QXYRw6rcZktzt6OdotWIK4ThqBEoXaXZcTzdVfWtVzEhOappQbgVYY6bp0S7CSF7L4FPfLmjLCunawbZtzsumiEr3o9B5dFQDB\/kqjLkXDpct3sXNP4EHmEadg+pYosFO9qB0wmY7IoKgG5S9DY2nWMXZ9ofv6M+2Cm49sDPrgsAepEOEMFgDPhcV3zJJHNk3fjddpH2XLwN5R+z53jmK0dDTBvDHVzh5ZX3OMRjh1d+dqZbQaXNy33fScvEsXwJMAh5272+75\/UhdrzfUGv9Y6JXtYDW94I0j0P+uHWJ6oGL5nWcJIOHHNTfl+jhL3SPa3OxrZd6cSa6YmamHx+2eZo8Jm+GI2yVGsN3zZDSsWBG1jIabOxg5OaWuaCfhWibhe1i+MmNP\/Wk\/iZML33811Is5LJKNjNiEzx7ICX4msS36Ygqyk3VLva3NvThSInnZYhdzXZUEPGEsISxElxu7+aDjdXp2YcZY5DUAUYQAPZ3wh\/Oy7voIAavKUgJmtzCJ8D9tBjBJ480P2+dsaoJhprM2A+nbdlq186XwpTe4OWQe\/0e\/oXcK3X+Ax38Vjj2noZN9DuA73oFDxj1xUqvtlkzzx2H8HH4xdyQH7RbMaXxFkN6J0dydW1NdWurjI+Q\/S67DSj02pU+awrH9GmmLe32yZOASdN4CuKuKzJYZat+g28wkGtiQw+eMju4cg1KfaQJKba+a+t72XvtFjKNQvp4NgMf0PaO+cHSYTVBRjmtbnhnKXTe1DTdzf0LqoNouaY7\/ypdvKDF97JYyDZr9zuNedmOSzltTWFEywRHNKtK70uWuoEXAqIqR\/+NMfMhxvTypOu\/k54G3FUxVMyxemt9pitayqzy5RBIija8vQn+JKrDbpWnQ0hV0+YgvA5uHVZdnqEN\/WWKhoPUADTFZnSBCZZLeXj1B5UZLLbh2NyxWwqzQZEvgeXsHqmcRNR1N3A86X86EhU0OlHoASi2buDl9yNaE1eY\/g2TljL4QWC8onwfXGS6BVzhy3mmLlbzQsTQuEbo5U1PahBA\/lp5wQboi5WWhbCYjiEdClcbezZWsyOm8AQ3qS6qiUVTTDPs3xKlg67DdVHnayjI03becYpM27K6To6dqkV5QfRwUM5DrAb0gLtf5IinNHUrlvWgN14pqqVuyEQw6mo20hHV3WEHTY42SptvM3URaJnaGO+npRjw2dqURgxm18YpcBbCEJ9WjIbaf4vNV68TOCNM9nmZ5AsA0aplEIaWYpvgiDQBs6oJ7DnPI6ICkAgZIj1\/j6I9kG+q+xT7Wd9mewsKHK0YmrM4kDBgjDH6pKjAG7VY6SruSUpChFKTtIkZ4\/SK6K7xzSDuz7d8IP2p3pGK2KgAj6yL8NLQee5U8ZSYHTxX58lgWvfZ0E80m6TiEckGTD1xepE\/Verk4OynNfBnsransnRLaf59OnTsFkUXqvGkH95wC54eHcxUKazUDk7gEArF\/Gq7WM2ZxHklc1fBHzd6WpRyIijVnxFV3Nn1NXNsbqi8XRCXKOuDiIwNZXqjOytWIGpT0Dv1iegW+tTMJPZs3ZJAFKOvKtwM\/u4eNonID0+gXylk0\/XfLW6sXrnPSsnghz4qwMrN8oeUekIbjoCAy1HYKDdCKxmDj8C9ERo6JHGmqEzmal0Gklfp1M06Cy8sE6HAbeBmLTlXpfZ\/nRR\/6g3au6VgN2PrcW8elFFXtD8ML7NhlW+gPDrRSmEDfMXt9kuK1U9Q4qDRlaMU0qiV5UUMbO1TzN0XTUcF+Z7H76tbtKcNfgV46QjWYFOnNekPCZesoYPT+A1RmNAvyhzgMY7p46agxRR1fj1uTiTccKzD8MQht9uEhAhHsVLhkSENRFMCP4y\/dGeizOBVqC7QeQyIU\/scmqd\/n3AtyzsBZxUVUmXhfTfHIAjLtNs2zwXWnD148Dw4R8xzJ+ebd3UTd1aaX5WnjjsRlJTlGdUoh1TmlTrfzyhWfleZu2D1oEjPN8XSoQmYpJRWYCWSL6WwvdydHa3g5hUztW8BbBZb7SiDCsTNFMzkN+rORvYtBmlzG35sCxSq\/aMWirBcTqEPucTMBJAXzngcfEkbUvi6N8PEJbZ9izZQHcCyoFcDKG8ogcRyit1GGozlGGb35UDt479GTbugMCq3kUqzGwcsKrTAnQugp3Kd6Mjo9m87SyjQujPosElZvgC9eWFxrfG8rpR8YZUvp7eTlCecbIzS4WIU4nKBxJUtnYQr42HHe\/CpOSXxGesHnWe+PxwXT5JvVtMFmZ74BkODtgQ0SQEYKi8aOSmzdJvFKdyjz1Gdoiwm1VkrQImMChvtYkDXC4Q5Ch2YY\/UF8gL+ECVEUaWyusYn8Gx9hCmiom5G18Y5KMURIdA2rdHf1rmoexNat7h8DZQBoSF8o9xcFX2EhhM2DZUKTVBnHy7CY6dTcFHAykihDM2OHacCIcqQfYmEKdzOtW6azctT7dL8JUzui9RCifgLHxI6GIN1s4+VMq4mWGe8uYwbF5L0gukQ\/mQMKLmUPIf5uAYW8yxb5nrclKeoN8KCPLg1NVFLuV9c3NYkoyFsghwFipFcMOVs9z2D+ItSzmRuhKPTHIL4WWJ\/8CDqH0XsvcJSzDWOQs3H1wL0TfLUvPN+g3nKFkAwYlUNCXA+Td08OYHOP92rBMdcuyLSfP1EtcC1u3W+vFAevEE3Qa4NN6XtrdxiRpy420VtU9IK3zrRw0kOjZylfVg7Ijeys4Edw9qAlD8x3d1e9gcKKnKzN\/h6QHTcEJlXzlkn4dvcqhjNTGYuqMucfDyrbr+TM1ieY5JkLh85ewF31L6hribXYB\/81vF127HhcQxGg7OSd1NI36U2I05jHP3JM0Hr1umH0TNAN8vIA2FzOlCqMh01QBy4dF+zbMEfnkogf8g2hNcUx1IzojHW2yLM35F5XmMtNgGjFWpFVpE1u\/j67oZRnGutJaNDTOuCvRmgiu1Zke20wOuBKX2EKrApXw9JAuI4PQ64v4YlWGn4tE8qWK04tIGmeslTrj8GNGRJAorpeBshx7e730YZTlUfInkp5vJxBZnbY8l4KeTrZ8c\/eTqF\/2a6FmiR\/HxmsOVjIUxJ9SPK13d+GDlCTVVfhpAx2BzOlGL6L+WwMcizrfVWH68OU7zgiWKM+GqFPELWXikgaCzkViHTBT9elrw2HIgOWhiiKTS4g6SO1uCjr0UJG5xlnOWc5OIzMoFr9J7mq2diu5WRdF8cpc1\/zYqrRoFy6HSCgrhKT7dELRYaud6BP08zEC2PUrBYi4Lyi3czK0Wf9G4Yuk0VHFzA2z0MuAQ0g4QJpZcJX8fxjJE57IsKe4Fm2v\/aFdJBM53Q+NHnH0nGv80QHPHHnuQ\/2T4\/fudcxpmf7GziyrlLNsRSDBWmnS0YVwgf8g2KnoaplfVsvaczoDBVdQiopsVJnM25UwomPspSMnQKpOmrvQWNnr0nbYf3iTRedi+q08Ehei9s2VKMnu7lTPcnfnXVPentG5ZXNukzTGqett21QQ2MTBplFJDw0bnJyzE6Lb3+qY72P+TcWQlz6xxuPjGez3pW6TgUFpc7Owp8Zed7Jhb1znTYoNWpgRHKMOWF3x5hzQ39c1yzIF\/KLNrcKpU6HvtAlLj49AI7pP6uIAWwFBUA+B2NTI+PpfdcApjlZZwcEHRE75tdrjRzNhAUgenMsMp0BMY4UZlEudbnCRGcELZACruBN0zSi3P37bJM0wbVZbhuNgKb9beROjI7zXkY8WoubqdSRfk1+b5lDrdqlPV6UFud\/jMSHX31DFRw1KRDLZSQSv2MHm9UYtl4uU6fAa6DjX0IZrWsXfUBnrMb+Ku\/EwYoQmgGYg\/LpOZOe4FlBOXT9s8ju1tnF1sxf4bfY7G5mdql6ZIyLFfpuMTygka567MXFL+8f8Peio0n6Pk14XAPIuzFGxfwMRHBXU8SnDN0Vz9M+rAAcEVVRc9G5aC8hNXJajmAG1nPBq69LcM3Y2keELGgOKMZO1g\/AYczl84Xodijj1jP9L+QtP1yZpP1GSHwX6pPYzbWD5rRHH+sRMZV\/2TT241HdS9nGcouOvJ2pohPLa+XdUuQj7AIC8UXMwrcqUrrpOuqP\/Sl7V2uK7sbkGl35Wk+XvceyTrmBC000+S3B9K27Tud4BdNq8qWYfF9b1+mc6X\/vwyrefmJhVHuGDAkZJPbGSpLhEDlAb4WbFDfwUMzQoYqlfqUwKGmm0xPWAIOV8gEK55Epn481DuNXuOMV3MCO2qgynPydJYnI00O449jsyR6ZdkndUyUOMjcFXnXR3fFb0he7XUNM59F4xma8qlgKFqqH0hjZwUe\/KTLdFo2F9\/vk2TkbDT6em2oLtTBXjE+MFv5zs8KToA3fhQBq759aC4tUzI3xwNN5pJpAXNLjBtxsXp8ac72hdnXHGHBKOs\/Z+Udv3H1yImr7epAPP4bc3nV2yxXX4BFZz7xM5FnWFbsuymf1oq8qanX2tXxMGMQ4LOcNLMfL1PriFJ\/cR3upEAH3556DaHD8LVL+UQQTr5K6IR37q7+j9t27IflBia2zAE91JjCLOg0EB\/DjhKnpotcZL2loPdb5ZBuyZL3tFVpUms5HSw8y7vuuP9tJKF5tU+rz1E3wcFzmt0mBoiR\/f8+ZIV+qQXU3icCinL19PlYszmyZHuAf6nNt3iVfEWz0c6ZVndnoKcQ4vg6+1MyeStMoZjtly2DJVJ748HI483bzeOGM82PKuNTk4SuhQ7inV\/enxJnpAgMkIg9pqt\/U1zZwnL03ZNkQc3JVo+mfIkokZX4kdju6MSydodaWRpW4+6MFfndo3A+ctDLX8smUeWaeCU5fEfCBiko4na0tdiSi3cgSDPimLJxLXIYgLKPH7HYPuC+9iwFsFdqbd1E\/JaFfACchQaWZOiBgh1zrVJWtPqpLhiYqqlsv8JbUkERIwIW8M1H6r\/GkUcQrXkVm1bNbrsPorzokSmoSS8yTRg5kRnjHMRZBe4SHBDo\/hmnHKckeALFI2YhzfbDKr11RivKJ+0RPqEl8LblIxprFZu3Eszdp065s0IowVjmEbbgU8D52dlmZ3lCvAZgyFx\/PLL7i2PS0Qkzhk6qk2H8uTQaUoWVTz2FK5gFl4ANUjkaN2zYkIOoSHddSch7TNIyLxSGSbWVYtEbA+L6BMl95QSHKrEtHiTOrC4uZVbt1pWkG9P0Q8fQTAc5mBSCKfuHIehmngmPV9iRAJehsWjYcOsHMO48nti2wBu0SyclIpOU1+GWUkzkzHMUfjIR1eM4xKN0CzxdJv71BFK2OXaWLZW8LVna+V44Il8by43L9Kbk\/eUkm1VhJOIddJVcOkTMvN\/VwUnmcB3DyXBW8tzTat2Ddm0FpDXSVWuYgZ2xqGMNeRO9+xGPalU2lPYLOW2av29DChnkmP1DGdHevAjlKuHjpzxDoebMccck2XlWGNMJ3fhqlpj7hMbLeQeGxcgLVtkpUXFGcu6W63udNGMz2HIcQGbAqKqAJ9anuKUWXvkljeTZSWDkbPjCurdaW4BVeNI7yV4f6vXo4zoiEgryiU339WOpKTrXd\/x1b1h28GAO7zNqbz2GsqKQNT6izi5EBVOr03rHtqCniS0aigR13yUFxj2gGYo7S\/a2kbRrWzuSkaH0sjYzjiMMDGZC2XN6qaxI0ErnJWqL+4S\/lRjUtiqrtj8g4hqMdLb5wbIKXewZM6VN9pvaMpJxg36\/X4z1mqZ1MD1wetO36zsyTl5J6DAPJ4V6E+o8l2x+sYLf+YVjJy9x2et4MF2pICT7EOC+bHFcVomwVONLdCTtpvPNqUefT853XTts7lIBu+Gk0UzRnfJU+xSawVShtbkm8azsdgJVsqGXQMy3RtOVFcVcRbJzy3CTY0HzZBd8LYy9hNjALe0v2mGNY7lIGktnmyd6dVqAbgoiSfHIGI5xbWqgw+Vs\/B+JZ4n6l2YK6DUKEpLwc\/UMDGz4Gbw1v5a1VjZNLPIKD8u8DZv0npqrnveQvioDx9jAMlORndWjqmQLyLEjYOkA92zX0\/62sUwOBKj9lp1o5fJrcIwwbICQenoCtoTdQ1ynP0fQEdDs0ntkpsHRSKiHp\/BXZEcDswEL\/bWmXE0+Z9UfeNsJ9ngc7yn1GtYkkNZ0xzKcgFj2s9CsNhhckqz4vyD5Hkuzn9Gnmf58GV5nmtfG72i8HoNVaPXUC56K4vroiv64jmZi\/MCOZlrDGVdHQNY8RVdXRGnq4dG6epaiZmZ0n8N4\/zLQ14mD98a9KKxvdifsgIlB25qWEkBkAzE5GB0ICWAkb\/XJHLIZ+p8Nn6botpGL8L3uJz6Lq2QU303SLICztbmERt0fD7DvIhf4TdKoRvF7zBsYd8ahaxLYarLIehe33gMuvD1NBiiOyPAjh+FBIqR9LQP126G+kTaPsFa7GlxkQYW3wEdnDk24dPIinOaqK84iv2p+ZqV2KqU0WzYcQsJAthhW7NMl\/FnmLuKdTeRtkOv1aWrZWcakQCStL1ayJVsy1D5WbtgGgSzC8ZnlYE3\/PcnAtzAHNtznD55yH6vY3MNPsWagWFJlGAnKqeW4tttHFUQ9A5DZIIVDUjiGyzQdViApvS9pR88UTgMRaVPbq4DmnVyfR1HWESjQcmNltJRD3Vhg9b8uyzjnGXak9qCZx+GIQy\/kUPEHbEVVRoVFcMjLCzROrhbeveHryfNIH6HK32DMHfVT8GEvo1CPlCSt6RNs1zEDNBepAZUUhwX0+ANOmkzVqW3OvJKIaI3SnBmoP20db0IxJK+xrjNI8Bsuo2753AlB5dx1gRdRm\/oels29yZicw0pauFrPVplSSce1DLjusShHltnZdda9QN3S7ldtxTFE5iIG0DMANbFo6S4inrxzhn6Wm88LDTobS6i1UxdUGeLTPIeSZrr2W3wqZRspYSZXXwNnyvJ2syvFM95g98udRKfz48hY9SoXUqcK6UZJNE+3drCPnURT0ZvVK\/eoujD\/GShfWNirUt83MCyTWjPKtqUgQoLmHxlfeeW4btR\/egwV7kiWrvH6s4zxGRYQIlWLc9s82LzyVyXXft+yFzdncLmSA4pUorcqst0t5tbY2O6ocUbnHutXxiizym+pXow2ZmTOD3JfPcIKCjouTluuxpBvKOMcmFsSbl82EHQBGKG01H0X7q2KQjfk1G15GJr3fxP2i916xQa30x8Nn5KyfcTqLDrqSnmleotXp\/QhyX0SC2bLltb15SuIg5gp7QGfengMBFa4OrEqRDovY2dooxz\/P4Up1qRH31dygprnvmTTp2D1fyOJK9dh4z4NdSMN06axmCdTErAJ987cZgMCiqr2713MOlFK47XOjxc+UIOTd3yhIS+2F3cPk+l6HK520GzgTGHfxeudX1HlhKTSIEub3hGs3cKREcFIchBzleqhk6NY2oW5dGk976wf6oi6m7HE9Ph2bHoTb5PQANSsOzIm6uc8VZhlp+oIznd+HqNTS29ygnhe5Ouhrtx\/8eTZa5\/Wt31ApOfAXzT47EgqcnkYwXanXA3K0SrS0CcBrkk8GV7Dx+LpbRbs1B9lwDE7riCOr+3F4Wou7l3s4Qs0wLAvVvEiWzu0540hdqwjXPAtmaqoZcV16Qs6MyBOOy3UqkOZuJeCMeYRQ65d2qcatDzo2qqisjnNqOYuQBy9ZRuXJObBNfdFBE6FQNDJ7sc0vNzzG798oyAXviDpMR1B\/Hop8dBsxNU43eMiF2Z0chIvDo8xuBazIWrkxK9muxMPXlyA5ksEeXoyMPZrTdGBmSq1GsXhLkWhh5TIHsFM\/TX7CLH7kqMvWCpdY\/gMUvF1jcQ2phhqru+91QtyoZqV3hP1bV1Z3ocxyiDMz1DPwRSSN9sY+5sMOTfHmYb3FX3Fp3fVzmnvrpNSWuvFMRNwyNMwIrtRqWeFMqBMQaIEKHiDnDJLoZ\/E9dUMWEbh7nnzMdsqMeD4fQUMjjdB3mP7o1CHKt\/xImPX6EuYncN5b7p4BzY6HbVIGl\/Pp98yS6yu3narr1kLRY9z9lOrGd5jPlLxmG330atzYLJ\/YQekLRztParOwOdIjW49LrobGUKYtos5AqqoiYIeQiRRwKwZ9JCxeICxQJeQsqz20S9SmZDMaCurQ9blvuYPUmOcmYLTzOCcj3oF3lmUF+2mcViTFG1KXyF+aSEK0NcD+Lcp+XzEOCPlsP57mOB24hb+XUr4Czu7MXYbxQKOCsLQ5yGsltpdO7IVl6xbWnqSkvRJwt3qcoO2onRw+7fbddSL5T\/DPeIMhWJREFu4RL0UFy\/HXOpfdAfMVKv6jJtEXdv3j17mbqx9ajvGnXpa7Qv3ZwA4CLxDPFoN7efNEPjndw+MYvpePdazlGFz+oo+J4gYb8jIyTWf8UJfr0GT+jJDEn77tZFbRWaWaDi2RsByaW8C4tOCnCmOMzPUduFcmLh\/VtkTi3MoCsFoOqo7+bFTlPbfofvLm6SQyvbyg2QnY\/2aaf7841\/LnbAmGmdLbINECrjdJPFdG4Wu905LwIO1o2yP\/ek2OxII8lc5UWZwzI4zQKk6R+Gcbx1dGSQHi7Wh0lakWkGxTpCdib4V58uFMGfsb4kyC1U7pPAbAjRk3SBE9zeXssnGe5jf5HZmLovYHL5plPPw\/QIjjD8tiISFjV1VKbiRXpCYKV6KLYzsCyDB1nqqb8WWBgci0ZjBTfLax7me+8OzMD+BIqnBgUC467qDQLqig0WXd0WsZovwnMtNwMYcrjqtL1stSS7X1wEchPykknIlzKEXPPbKExV1xUxVb0pjjRR0WFAunUG3061fw402IplS6MDIPvJfSIuiBaTXQbiw3ePdO6qSH+Ybot+YksFAI\/aN\/JAwrtbshmTIKccw4fKvI\/BlerR1NZUDKU0WtlcbMbxSoaiBGUcSDxUewRLmQwpFTa5W8lk40r28sUUIGEOy0owqhI2o+VdWvYVFqJWx5N04DANGz1az5moossXigoY3LR3mBGsiZV7IK6XaaHz4lAGWUTyjDYrsnGM1Ms4kPPiY569LeAoryy15tnbggKDwBx5i2mEKeZL6nUgRieY2EV8uUNSQ3xOg00Yqr0X7HQ51ynqVGIbh7ldboHQKMhv+ZeHBL5ClJhJtBZ5SzRZcavY6\/H3awxL+t7vV6suolf+3AHMxweRe62rzN9igaD3ZXDVB8ZOqSKCJN++zqHIkECAMrsGJ+wB1PD5CtfTawzfCu3XPEvgl4cS+A\/fiOcRoRTzXI9ozgyTUHI9YZm6O5Myl2dLydaOodLwJOGPXx4uCUgfvnHIWxJndkHXqtRsAlKchJiFYh4EkeLTGLGmgn6ArOXyDTS9l0PNzhWT69o7kdyUZhpJmJxTC6vnA+81h6O6grxJuCMQk4DBnuPkYy\/17WcTrZOvOVpxpfzFFx+guzROkvnBK5cgy1OYizlUO\/StjSuV3MGK9U6nBmgN7lmVThN5urPLtrzLnbM\/2LnDnTPqXZAabcSARk+3PXZEd0urfFFNcCGfA0UCoNRg8iozNOCLKf4Dk6N62bP3OdCkqGOs+dHkYqZk\/kBdsPTdah1rRILmKsZoIL+YmEFYJRfEd8VFYIWrMXMzlDmRS6QpZsrozVolmSMqpWwTW09UbSD9eDvBnNIs1c6\/aNdQn40sj9E61qlrm9\/wAcT4g3uby3LQIHwo3oRJdTvgWwk5A7\/AntUmDzSMQstHP7trtWafw\/jcyjvP5lbx9VNW3tjuUhPPdfPZO0yyPRqX9DYjxu6SakGcBygMqPMC7pjyxrGeH4mr2AFUG518zULbWLqJuT6y3bgg4HGjUo2RPok9p64MttsowqIqQTv4tyzGWp1rGs52E7ykxMxczbQSUU+f48I4xWW9SiO3kxoDhhvBop5sMwiNzMtld0m5Y+UoJe3M3i5qqVvtvnAhJhZ4yNysxC8dFJNgqk7CQlkPL9KUOIwTTJsztLZW2J1mZXYK5jAZpHdazIsqAvwvlxCmN386bSWk3tOsrXmu\/E\/uYNBshjIVzIJIm8CyPv7Xl4eizC5Gk66kePg20MaUTB6nuM7f4af1p3OT3SOF9affmjwff5zqTy9Z\/ak8\/cC5P1rn7Trc+l5ROoIDGTIQo9d0HI7T4cHjYqzNnfn6Nhwyswj49HiTII3yTOkHVx2mQsHiQPl79Llba7+wLPDPmr1aGv1OglU\/4EtFUE9d3EN1jRFuMoVfHhKk9HugUeZGRSf+2CtNVFasKXHGWitry0ivUpDn2du3Rh6jL2IU8y0RVJx+MVQuxSiGrxCfxA58iUl55tjK9nsQlTC\/NQL2w0NvchCKttUOYDzKBXVzzuaBO9TVXyV5txvHi8bWO2Tpd1aHZbIHo5BZrcEu4BjLPHszMHNpTq3yq09b8ndS92KzSySf3Ghz\/XIgErK2RTMj9jeY2aP03bgEyFfxq38tyyytCs7x+ND6jirebx0KLopCYjdI9L1OlY0LmC9sJu2R4xrb959vRZBnSeKDvO5SeYrTQ1vaT\/Wn+OT+3EZtN83cqsbp0fMeogs1hVi14OV2l5pP17N\/6xU\/hhLVE9yjWb2o7AxzPacv0CiBX4gbRIm+VrXIlnyadJi+GyGEF3SUkG2mvv\/K7MJF\/vhZWWZnRTjxpvYBQZ4R231QQHRK2\/wHTEdw1zDQc7XqpKBTSj+BOEfVrSbMyYnDMuuwkREUM577YGy+a9MUhZhny4bnAy\/wXC8XmAeggIvgojWDQbBoI9QpzXyPglCb0A3AsGnusL6ETFAIgyyv8nZe0xDiNeV\/6iKv9R5oCAZ+r6mmgfSSaECm0hJ6xFV0\/zJIZnS9ihhmrT9DxezNAzVrz8nLbdGtarzLvRSd+lRRp2zZhotcphyo5S\/qNu2ElEJ6o6B8Ij4h5mqWmSmBN8NIYLVaTe7WuCqQLKd6CpzB00eh\/3nY6rSWKuyHIjsXCuSZrGhMoPazrvLwfu\/DKMuh4ktENJOzqiqd3WO+++lk6ydHv+hZol8TPYn1MNHDUg9DPYphEhaw1EmU1UqKeTmhRdzSajqkUAK1umu3NvBsRsL4BGozVeDt4IhEoQM9Ti\/XUq\/Sp9Rpen8tgY9F5W+rsaS1OZ3zSGkCpSmsxuDFrVddXxSiJRJoQF9hpxvHROXpk8rDMAFKXQlfboOWccyhKcxGqyCHjVo8atTisKg\/hY2CPC7rT5fmU5rUanEyv9XEkRkhXRf13S37x\/OLz6YHz2pLyt7L7WZVqUXAjsQoL6wc\/WwLLo6HZdidBCqlxEYzjGIdBSZTUHfszOCk1IsSlNdinkWyEW1GscCNvXt239GREiAmKoyYxoNRHXd4pPg9hNY34PA1j4PCY68C3rBq7MtDkYJLccpK5P9bDwTfcyEoTjBU2hT5HcFI5478lL0NXigVn83ouyfhP5D2tCwZl4aRZER\/QspJI4pLveJJcfo+zJeuZmBRVH1J4nF9wV67LFM8cI4JMtyfHr1enxCemnC02V0vR4tPqUBH8NReEhBAIV0mk+CQOwekgB00Sn8mDpbisbhxxEaW6pIZqaUWr8Esn8kPGIyGbQzpd1i2jN0\/KKRRsnv4d2hnlM+F10kgynY7lPRgFlNvHJPbkOw5kwCi20fxxp6K8l+1dhuNmjcCN9hj05wx+8S81109KMcP5wpgGJuJDovVfNa4mMvAwVaValj44zD8tvw1zepACQEyOtjp+cMExRPuFbbD74MTDF5guFoNnpC5DExv64TFebtN8qtFlae3yYFPCTQSgtPEXiPBScwq4ozPKtLhK66SqBbNiSTbffdxXeZ8LnI0q2lzh1zsjSI4wTPca9h7RQtB\/qIyPyEoobKopNRAOZnSWis16UuJSyjT8f3qipOQbiwRm8wbQpX\/cfbcutlzYxLHzL31\/TJF\/4n9Gz89JrPyWzX9nF+mCJOWuzY8\/trwlGtd\/I5DdYZxAfwEhvILpP51CCp\/NGPZrGH1hhoxPUoPjWIdzQHkAVcm1rOP4ryBiG8ODMjL6t\/S00Ieg2nY\/dDU7lCA9UxvUGMDfel6RGpkM6zL1KlXSO8wKmED+5CwR6fJNSxQ8mg7mYb9B58chJGhO+brm+5gn16Vps8gTnubpkDJOty2VJp7VRZa+RxJo64tTKgNH5ZvEKYjMtrcNSYVbchT9pbeRgVlTNJGc4kKG8B0UFxggI58GWd7zdb+plmSYPkhXQ7jKDrH3Ek6SjSf5yyEXx6OSeajA1nT6mMO\/AMLtHABqfGh3MgCxjJD0VqG29XIpPGBI5KMDVOhyvGhvag3cLgWaPNi82K1lLXHFv2LohUT9aWiuUASxacakE5VeMxB2Rt6Of041k0kkth\/XiSjBE1bqY0XpmYkeq4UIgKteYqK88tXLDhj\/WhcEvseSLLV7RUGZZYbMIrqfWAUAUgQT0p6oNZMFVlwAhf45SGP0+PDt68kjK+j\/c4VJTMkdk+xQ1rVZNUQnVKybk+9UsIPd01pf4SqWksoGBLDU7F7Z4KNtKnrE7u96G6YMGZU6Zg6+YDVy\/th2XOBjJu98cJ9lKA7lliIDh5ESRFM4LNiKTDN9GFS9GZFlqJvzWEbEllz2McWebBGZQMHRiGIG5YrS4Hi2OakzLbU3vlEdbXD++yiFZToIkTrbQfEhMqs\/5Fl5964RCk0DDObfclP7NVQBmvVzlLidnfIIpqTBCjz16WK052RZiWcDrxuDwGv2xL\/CwZuXfuZlXUMDccMjsD6+GFUdNQRUF6q6hpCH788JBkI8U0kAlsKiQmqmV7jyG5xBVC5QGfWSrz7Pozzp7xMVoO9pRqa0I6kapjnWf7wTYx1E+Pb1mrHIw7hWB0C69PAyqG8ZEpntmMXYkGweKS5x5klB\/1SiOah1TF0OVw4M3QLg9rNCQLV6bYU+gNm39JSNVriu5rn5DBkkbg2S\/agTPis1Lz3iqPoWTg7hBF1K+nIMSkwDIKrjVIz+ThF5C44DfknqTWrheWS+xRVGN7uvipFHoy3rgkZMoSzQ3GZ\/BkTdlx3vJCSK+JrMY10y11vWIIuDV2flC+c9LQiZ4uA8SOxIi7KG5+47hXmJIDR8OEJvMZocRDNB3EqjlCp\/+dL+XEbcV\/czRSMduMNIKH0ipibLnS+UecfkcVBB0VJSkpuBlGOFWX9\/OjMqzMUaGiual8TmUOq4jGLfbuLfM8zqKB+Lm6tRZWON5zVsV9GkUXlSHxi5\/KOo9FmKHtYTrqny0LjxgKtk4n\/fCNDXAr+S0O+ts76\/tyJUjREcRPcpdwp7lKKaqubEP28GGVt\/Pkrd\/4y015hHkcfSI7rDBXWwqwsFZ3736jEBYdhv4\/DkA2ClLWXYLWX1fokUftSWliVunIUcaZG7KdIfKiZBmllWN7ov7VM1kOadx0aoeroOsxrNdqARmX44wP2zO4ovcPisUpJTod+DEMudHnKjZD7ppxgkipx0P99DlfSyPa8emsZhPnaj2TR3GC1dofe\/R2Q+1JFjXm4\/2HGbDyPqY8R7KSpl9a7nfrMKgFwV7EZS4kpYrCjqRjGS4Kglt4YjCvPaKclpUN5rl2blYJvS7WnG\/dpQVyZ4V\/cKztFuRI0GOdczIgPys5Xff65i7jysD5HCNPVUrY69dqVrH67krWaNDmMAUmay1R0\/N9y2jdP\/Vwm8a0zOYk1mafRlbkGfeJdKaduiwPZIiALAV320ADRKqb9qaAa33EJbRCJ4ncYSlAKbcvduFvHcz1Bp\/H6xntavZ74kvD11JHlRIpopKKSWshOwM7IHv27CHII09uY8aqg2kQXtZAEfJaRJDPHBb9pF7vLd0pQfDwozhWwSPZGqgMoQeEnB2iPnieY3QwDZn+h+yyA7gMzBXQf9LAyug95aRF0H5h1ofvMBPFpK54L4gOzuZg7bV94zJ3pYDvNYZkHtgOzu4DtTLI9q3RaAaEHZioIPWhCVB5WQuiBGTIRLA3RA7OlIXrIBFczR6ak6vv9MHpwm6zhtN3jKrX8uRg9eJrOSpvzDhg91cYcwrkx\/+Oh3FQjvw\/KjbRyJIUmCQwfvumz6oFFiaQKVBHfSzV1PTqvnwl3Q9r7MeBuqr78BXezMNwNmtc\/Ae6G4nL+HLgbmP0VyP6nB7KTRVjW26Cq8+8lNhyxFXNjw0kdzZ6eHBvO1vOnx4Zz3fkhY8PZPv74seGon39SbDjMlGPDibpS6iY9w8kJZpOixsfmOv3MSPBqKJW2FQTll4ccFhDxw9K9jeZTaW93xYGziyjjFFirTXvr5\/pW+5vmrP68sPF6XLStqShB8CLamjxkbDJl8eMHOsBcuekqqBt9d0IuY1dfINz9gsBhZkQJKAdTqeNW6rEHeVYUKO+ASjOfHu+H2lSL9zM1w7LNn2bhxg4LActH99myjBwzGTS1UDWYDYeq2Z8aqvYfPkatXqNPCM2CGUoE78NB0EzVIKbRDtj8pbH2FGdqXGTZDxdUhvnM4O8hsIL09CtWLCzjsaSquR\/GXFW6Oj4vpqOyIgwfHnY1FxwsDujoCCu4V1CFav8IncvSfvmKYhuHggUmWSOoYIHOfg3FCUwzgxRvkwIaBUWVPQMQBnejgpjtdH6YgDZLqwWndy0uJ88Qlz9SMSpzKG5CZRA5OHcgLVMTPp4NVW1a81lHHWExFY3RSpaz4sZztSPV39Oo3pm7p9iM2ChZ3C8sS6lKsvBtWOhT3opQIPkdu4fr52d7MdMCqr3lS6\/FlwdUgixhE3xTJLUFWVrAtGyro\/IF\/0\/b+0dT0x5U+7sncZVTPUKM7DJOuyZyato6OI3UO\/Xb+KgkzyO3zOE+UIKYmKRHeOvXVNjuJ90M2UXLriW+tThXDWm42FT0bMQ20kp9Lj5z4bVT6tZxYtC\/s6DBMTkydtzxV7RiI7GaY+adblPUkcohABEWij2c57CQHDV\/OvQ8OpmfEBpXNfMfLDSuGtWPGRqHPKX85K2RWY13db1\/6Se31iaVgEuBtGzVp\/vdFaWfaAG4oCduNO1lfDM69YYLcoSoI8hhrjzpZbi6jdYgKll5DuIQX2FexgFI6tIyu6h2uwxpSyl3gw0meFZUBb6K9gLxbhO00i539OwR+ZGFM+Fu1c7E3388Zm27XTQortaJ\/rDxmKIKro4oXyYWs3aUXkpVOS+4snW5W3qVl4vVU7CfKsXqcbyCrnwb6xPJwSeFnKHoiuVCzp7T95MRxUdZNAVBbhjkZuuM8bOsWkr9ZUMSMA84ALXfLfzusSbV4jISEXmuIUpZWWbnUXOgNA4U9DVoixevLNfkxA5CaZvhNMaFadAZVc80dHfSiChWp4ArQxRWzivfNvpcXnpBiqdVKuKsTOzc+cYx\/KKxfNHe45AL9CXRyX9s8l8QBOQDEvrIJ4Rx0n5qn\/BBGpJPxe+rKRAopHmVp1EHbl3Y+PVxaezhHMi8Wr\/swXbmNYDmtwOVnOxyvvb6O3oR5Dk63Y7mKLWJlk51utFLQj9xVUIPn9dKvUH7R2UG1MZ6yhJJiobG36EfD37myMKsHMi0oFodXgW2SrIGagf\/95viuG3F+jv7eRi5hdQafEmz4GXMMivTJT971xWfJ0daZc\/dg3A1HRHJhat4hFBV4nr2DmkhwpDfFrr9fZAvc3QCcJEp1GjjAEaJNBle165KqoXGXn1jeN4BhfdyFkZ8avNA4MiEMPQejLopTNlnp22XYk90oB2oQR0QQYdZcjU5qciS7Cbw42tPRTSvu9Fs7j0PXjCyqspZ27I+\/hdy1wYhCkXBO2B0pGFfFRr2Jy5ejzriQX\/WgyyE+iWH+osf6gU4X\/TKMebGKAP\/G8xDkAL94R\/LlzgtslT7Pz4uME\/gEckgD\/q\/g1N2Bvo\/5jFIdBQKZBQIkFD73+LzJctLkJZThh9+FAl8j8H\/1961Nzdua\/evwtHOnVmlpEPRklYrdXeabHJzb9M8JkmnvbN1O5AISbQpUiEprx1NPlf\/7yfrHAAkARCUCBCynZlk517beuAcgADO+3d6TF8awnD6gx\/2OPmKDrUauOVqWJ5ueecQRENiH+zdOHLD0A0LtwjdYuuS8\/jrIS2wu442zBvubkcuxVHYjt3txN1OwSjwYhxi8gt+xMss\/eSS3OoSfWBIOx1bISIO7Hw2PAK8UXlLwezI8rsjo0PAXb3Sspxit2QOICC4q5vGSa+meFdlAhP+4EPuaDjs+QjFYvi+TxFJSzw8ysX2dAblGc888X3Xv\/IneNd3UtTLApnw0oRObIl6ikMhzACjWGGHenv6M0THscJSptiiBhyRYXoytI02W9K4mnqcc8ZVg5thO9RIvamIzsGB8cB52aHsTjgtDTyScWfp2cJ5HCV3wDi6HI\/gDDwBmGvrGRBwF3gE5BfX4lhNxJhr+0tkbR1IsS7bishlqDgVGk6WxvjdgL46uCn\/LtBycDNkVcDCRqBJEfam2XFuR3HY+av1OkSdvY6icoKyO+LazlAOVXlibvL8lU\/+W0g2n\/S6aLnMs80SvQ4mE7f8n381mQwXDU8D8A3\/LRTWi\/geQ+di86QWiJevtnhHMlOyOzOhDhvixNx5Dvi5C6+r5u675N\/VVDlpfunkSfPvlZOGV1YradKEeZNZ50W696qYDhzjz1w7w2hmTJ4fjuJ8SfEn\/gTJsSr+vUb5A0ln7HuNhNiLdmhTSbNot3H30ao4ZNi9j0IM7UbhOoxi0kGVWqhWqX4k+VifvRvUcS\/6plBoQF9qrEpH8jWqU43bVGM51fhOKiyn7FD+VtSfCxm+U6mSKLXP4XH7uN\/iMvW06tVbvkpepH9AxDmOdhFkkaAsnztTDTf4xWbHqTbcXHYoOaBYbjmwzDC68z6lWUilP3sVxShZ4eeeCBOLxbaSjEz3b51ED44FToZlVhNvNMLvd9HqDmdUc1XbIf6VP+6M+lUxQej9KijC5EdOErT90dcD+vMD+\/kF+zkbaFGC5OlTlHz\/iy\/\/K\/CDv9Lhg7\/+l+9\/+aVE+6uB9jLX20HYBOeZGZCfPVgon60upXrBtSer2Mknnmw9pfKJ0p9vB1paWLwlSU\/z0dVksihfgTQC2JQA90ZeoyHc6vVpKePZ69TnP++eH0unibJh1\/jER\/jCje7X2OZFRmS6f41+\/mA2m0M2PIoYQPPB37\/8zvkxxg\/OzyjJnS8ytASfmfjywB18nxap9JGf8SbFzr\/\/vfInDr7B+Dfk\/JilA87NtqgplgGBJyUKnvgno1hv8Zlih48nyi0+UW\/xSZVa+ZgUW5xHeZXeQLKNpPc42FT61j0g2CSFlxx2OItWoAgnEKBODrucSlKWrwPBAJAPOtKpPB3EL\/nqfzpvR9MvVufEjKD+F6sTY0aQ+2JT\/C5kfE6dcGu9glH+mnjEK284uMbvUeaCSkzkP3kbfjkkEfmZHHZuBecN796Ufx52N+7HVYzy\/LN3A\/LWgH\/hkETC38lhN7jpvibPz6qjLQfqnfPnQusvtIYkrE\/Mnwutv9CiUJek3XdpkspirhJth4h8nAR+3cHPf4UPez\/hzSFG2cD9kCZ5GqPcrT7TzPw\/JBEw6y2jMJo7EXy+MLvImp536lFkMvLG7NRaHvXQkVcxybFybopi3534\/lDMVKg+WWsNLmgNQ6MlXbpUkQDjNKxxzGO8wUlotp42hzx04fL0SrJvwkIardBpH4vRCtkc8tCFy2PrDgJF1B1dzczW5mqLcq8OdJW6ols51fggGHsTLinF29y75IV3g+qVHurcS+fx8Czr2Ky109Lof9saGZa\/bZuG5ff44ZA7PwJC3s8fGjKo+dLAHfwYJZu\/omRD3\/1blKFNlDB77JsvB+7guwhg6tJ14fwD\/Q1HgsH24V+\/pd\/7OT1kK+z8DSU1qdPm6MtnlYr1F81nbfq+UZm+ms6dy1m+FGMf3LFwQLJoVbDizUORVjlw2Q7FugfH7JrgvngRQxHG\/1Ot1lerxSuti1oNh+JFqNTskVtSU6dd1dSheXhGZNyCSjjVVgkZ7Z7K1hszqn8sJeHWzMl9i855n\/\/1R4UEE2QW\/\/e36O7gfJMW22gFztjvB+7gH+ULA\/c7HGWPqSzNgIKOa\/oZOVL5rZ+HHRPJ\/hw+7c6SfQGe7vKTpMfJfptBd6TeQdtyo5vpAtwXL6IL3P7pyzTSBcSbq4suAMfoRegCt+hZXFYqXaDt1BlN6FncRrfoOXSEW\/QH1BHuUiMd4S49pyN8+5NCBH6x38fY+fmrUtp9j+FIfofizSGpBJ4k6WAgHVXg8oRVEv+iVP\/Agp2\/S+4w3nsoji2J77vUUHxzX7yI+Ibx\/xTf+uJbvFS6iG84LC9CfLNH\/hLEtxHjzyKmGe0nFtOM6h9LTG8jIzG9jc6J6a\/wPUrQBmXRySwr4WPfptsoSdNMfPX7CEw2RDKwdOT1E3KgEtxPQ56T4JMXnXCmuyvNJDD3xYtIYBj\/TwmsL4HF+6KLBOZPwIuQxOzRv\/TcD8bms8hdRruv3O08ZUp1mRiJsGWiCFlX1\/KXONmgWHV1V3f0lyjZxEhLQF1ofBYctj64mXAZq4XL+KUIl2ViKFy4L15EuMD4fwoXfeEinmS1cFEcjhchVdgztyRVxpeSKoxNC1JlrC1VGO0nkyq0rA6q0+U9SzZpuX3hLzblxtVUoCXsInI3GdxTtLAwpGcmLrKaKOy0m+Gx38ajSJYeysqCwdUW35NfwoijtYug7+CNexUfVlBWSz5PUTOk1wAlpHoJBsvSRPpg+arw0V16j5UDHvb05WHVmeuYrxDIA2\/UHd6tLDomxcYMKaiqQI7WGdrRJxynm5R7rmk98x3ax9Eyw5vY26E9+fA62sDX6bKhrCC\/7dC+yaqWAIBnAjDG0HDTg9rkDK\/J0OXv6OM2w+v\/fjd4tU4yvAYPQEVQ7ixFQWz1V4ytQebdRQUr8acowt4unAPEKv\/SQz4fly9RFGVvjfJiPgr8XU5fxign2OJQsB\/OV4dltPKW+LcIZ6\/9q4AU\/o9Y2f8qiyhYPmSizWn9\/i56eB0lTp5tljVARPnBoTMK\/uISebtHGeklQ97\/9YCS4rDrh+fFloD+sU3z8tcCAAXoykQl5oBMaMG\/S6cjfYS8WH2ubYBl2xurtjeYotXybprU7zB8BS9K7owWxvmMwlEJoCZDUlMfZuneW0dxAXDVRHsra9Pld8mbFNSBNdbTODEVO\/vD8nzXwHMNCU50UgCdWMQXnCrwBTXwGrO9jDbdk3sd0g5qtNMsd4kErONBEOkuwXlOoQTJ2xXWTgXEotPcltBvA8IJmiiPFH5HYtRdHTI47h9gGsOhEiNIQkAPdHm8StbeIfKWBetcwsMN6QGjiqPRTcu0hXcDdgoHN41nYnA+zxGr9ouCnCEy9kl6G7g222iZbV4SjqCdOAnq3typkOEfFlUrDgbWXv4dzHy+HxmFy+Aw5klHh39h\/V5x5gCx19Avo8K3nGnhW5ZsciSuCcTlCRqUyX5EAI7+d63VVGOKliztHxbV\/Sag8ldr6bUijEI7hVXx2icQ\/r4aX7TsaOBr8RwdS\/6mPIPwB9cerIZWr\/B2+VujibZbvgI3yQpCXuQ25l+9TWHK5GUthsF6PJ5r1LO4jBVBGNjiLK33yXhGAHbHvt6VSEbxAMVXhelL9vep7e0HY93tXRM82zvlagKIIYo22dBPXOw5oRMfUy3fdEyXb6Z71vAjzlK51y\/8HwuxkiPR2jYPHtooEK4xenHxxxIa6\/BeMwP+nDhy\/smJI0UDzv\/730HZDypjh66105MuvnFNHx1PDLjoLYsrMgyfzpoc9LJDjGW1ju1+0g+zvKn8Zr8THupaoQTpNpUuN61ztWeniDYx4mXibLXl8J3trUJNzot5gsFYo70XDASAm\/wAU5\/jGDY+AQnnlfKZSim3qTl7aEXePXOGy\/Nac0tvXD0xt0arIu\/WeTbDe4yK1ySdch0VLrsHRwCHTe7CYcXKtSG6uj7r78PoXoT4pmDvFN\/9og19ShacsDjyZ22sKfHYICHXkklu7Wjv4JDOHrqY9xdeReBJKfJP7sPAFQTx0LJqXTN1mo2xzIbZ1MV9TC4eso\/pFWQ2JrmYdxiyGNUNF6m8952p9S1WzWm+jrKyrSTPT4tvQJ8QuDHl2XXqNGqgOxCCsL9V3dMqMXsp6jleyeq19v1qWXcWWKIq6++6c6Ld3fg+DwGvNID+OdO8UctRyYbL8Yp6mZhywjqClBLK3r6vqO6bVGSvnk11Id\/HUfFU1hIl1qXLpMpO0jdnsvRTrjxtDSvkoroGsPGe7z5+SkCBNaicPbvUxY6Ll9dSgHkvqtpWkgW6Li+qs86Cc912mcl03rGgz3PRohJNVT34LJpYhHabiVg15OpvJJaEWozEFn85B0SvT+2Bnl26V+dOsNBUOg3vKEJ710Z7zN+SljakFnsrHMe5F7j637k2+M64W5feEzf3dKztxX0hU2xT3m3LKcb6GTauZTbsz7SffQA0RLNA++vOVv8BOtvxUTQRZiaU98enuV0IsfPGzoi6c+wa1EDbOxyf9eqibam7uYtE965SQbXKHsrCXKWcEiHe9x40sOspQzZvp5HvGzHBEgveDa4HN7r3lPYz6HOJoCx0ttdH6RjNTIbZC56ymWQtjw2GrDNn3g2K7EAaLlBl2eIZ30b7Tu7Yqepo2Yqc5EUj\/Ypw0hrMmerq+BBmVQP4n81rUQReu0+OBPbDtGCpT2mC3w1owPhebKDBJy6w94f9yETJOm0jAe\/1HH6FDvD5Ngrs7Z5EqJ3QRkPbs6YikeBDkaG4jYZxMO7X+Ki9Q62JJmJ0KU51GGXUZzR36EW80MsEuSaJICjf41XhEZtt7gQj3\/ncCd6+qa8DEq8JiJO3TiXqYv1XzYil7KPq81Uq5bA146tqE2zxloT1BO+CtKasktSrQrzklvCWuPiEccK0gUD36ifETgRDr4NmaIwEsi8QBaXM3Mnabr9rdxTgXaPU47Df42wF+EFWTwHnaRkpYp7XY5XDRQqC+pPGJDz\/yr9uEx6VH0WCUkDJ46ctzrDBLGpP4Wis0GsV7ZrHdiO3lA1RG69V3lo7oLuPTxBjbsuxtEFtuwJrBuEUJnqXr69WD4K2J8w8gz2fL+IYh86P8nlXuuE6XI2m9Kmzjhch1vVN6FnIi6Z6C0nxJuJPt2ybMOItBklAojwtKVCarn0UxfUciTpseyoCBbpd6kTEvIhWd48Les7qBK4cx2uWv0WEutgg2Pfvt45HpMuQS0kUcz2r9Afa7g463bNZFNso0VqkIl15O2mVdAeQXDkkTahDIAUKaOzfQEW6cuKoFpXaX0bdgjDX7UGYevLwGViUqegXYVMnaacti8GVg5yTMddnZYyFUAJZmS7JZq0aIfmu\/rNEHyHm47Gs13eDPWl66PYdRjTlYfVP369ndAxZedE+g4lVO0WU+rq6L\/CTH5bVGQpKfwyRB9b8DYwMf+DYFVolIbDjM+aimPMLOhPpZVhNeywkmVm2nPQZe8+KVCXzR+WeOWMSgdgr74+xeFuz9IFDlsOK7lPSTqt5hcve9gtGS4W5z+dlDVaICxTFOWmFzOsyRtuwHv\/yNT36zH1M9zi5qR7\/haP5hKRattP0R905gAZz5DQtv6nIaHpL0Z4m9Qi6ajCT0spntXS91FpVrJzIUYaU4YVeWhB\/vFYx2u1fw0K51\/efXDiuxjxWCcn88X2j6xmB8Xa4QB0d1vRGqRZg+tyx+H2W5ljOB9Mfwdlr6SBiYKKRx\/emqdZN7boOiGitmBj7ggXh8W6DmXZJTSBthcrlJgqnJcoxTJL3ZY59KRlPXppg2sE3FChdQ8E515DeLOsIFXP3kRnyT\/FtB1avlayO7LI6FnabvNkmlxXYyWF35EvYdA76tczauI01pug2\/EWaIS9IV+fLM2ZybqgvLZ7t7EqSX9yWnaoMn9vM+QXF7mRuLJ9PyIxU7QAvEBFsckVodmJ5WcO4mxkvWvAnS5p65j8b5BKEcaubjOTti3kMmusDZSV1omhVEODbiS74syeJLsA0QlX+LrXdRr6RDqidTGT7sbc8Gxo7ubRSS9dUJO\/rZoTEceu1QktOpCRlPnTGrpnmtLo5mnCM75FBIpGQUDZVXLwTzXvvbtcxs3yVHkjX6gwTI5F+96Jxmrtd52xzUgmicHROm9nmM8PtWS1AlKwyvCMeC8ql\/qSaFb9s8Nf0I26IV9EOxV5MMcS833CWSg6zseXkdc1ZtOalq0pDLSpud7tmCnVXG2+8V3uieoSsLS7o7nQ9tp47I0rCF1AxAmzAGe5f62HFBgR2+EBS3+1ikABIWIhCu450dfTXQkqByLPNzemJGv1UKJE\/A\/80tXidrBPez+RfvQF7XKDnL+5xRsHSStj3wx5nZ68Kg3VOHKRGQBJ835o7Dmy3nF\/smeDNsBYpIXSczgK7JYI+EmA2jGX1mWjk+WCkjeuGrIhu0MyilOa5AD1U\/9JRb0YhPjzVXJQwjfQXxEZ21DraCKdAAKqiPv6FWHtugN2woD1woiSPQjx30H0ahZZEF2Cvnk6oYi6Bsf7Q3qctKp6oTgXI5dmqpTxYZ1d0O9QmReb3m5aESpLlWpIk+S51+guLx+mhnDwcS8iss+FaCUaLg93SIkngHM4RtUYN0ov07x1KrL\/jEC2PWliT1y20Dbf6PYr17zoVfUMIiuwoDWYGMJHlThG6+t8BKGin2B5l\/WkXhaHmOREHLLObx39p+OF1R12Vg00gfb32iL3VlWvA4f3mWF1Huhf8IQFE2dApA+hSdoNeUmGUCLJuHDRBGfVOcUbUB3EzLTdG1Q7hBh8ViIFKw0aJE6hNjtZwfHo3+PmXn374\/pvBTfP6MzkYSRpiZxVlqxgrlqZEk1XPr\/IPStesPgMw3DNeMhSL3izK7p+vDbuYA4vyLZgrXcvJ9Pw6+LEFL7xChxPw6s4UZhi7l\/Bj8xTUtDwbSEQ8je9++Orrn7745WuRSg12ajzwf3z9xbdtg3KLV+6hEOVbHGoqDaEi7\/xMefuIpEJTwBndwCOh50SyxllJEjt1UYEhW3Tl06TORm2tfauDHrZrAYpl\/EmAVKTFZnwKZG0jPjDN3IbZVSzjI0+znlmM9jkmtXHkN3Wy4WUwZotl7LBGHEf206P2ZpHuJSyuoLTime4FRrspMVotI25T47FYiSV+xEuAapVSQXoMS1\/wiuMTZpMAB8VWjoYGPaKh1THWt50auT26cW95vzQcoHQa9jKaYfX0DAzyldIcsLjsw\/OThzNm0x8iTEXLWh2rkhqUjbEuWhhAnl6Fvq39GCXc7nO6nvn5JAV\/RXjUAfSSNpBmDnDEozLWHjtt0IiowA5LJT921wSslEbrM2qtAKBO0PxDlQLwi3CBSgBh+BdWCMBvVFoP4DxRPQBQJq3HlCg7QkyJg0fWVTT2mRL0lI445uMUpQ76RKeVhx\/s40E\/k6ghApzsM0yM\/LbozOKQg2TCMV6BszyO9Z+oiMt9EtJJ19lm2hygTHFTbCjLT1vbfRiFYgWLbDA1moeQh1u\/iuM42udRrmwgYieIaXSjwtzEncC7asqCVr3GJsvGYOS+2McggcTHXpbI+JyjRu4G0XzyfG3smWf9kIsnm\/\/quTh1HzdxtGS1si32eptJYu\/JRsuXJsKipdz5JuA73wQGXv09SnBMig28JcqjXHJfTGUvaC1OXrKuV83sI71MbnroNNVYZ3JbtV1r0T0+8srjSCi\/e770yTAGS2QeoxIV\/tgLOoyNiC7sy4aq9sykYoFqYdzSs75IfsuWVO\/t3sUNBoCxdMq6QInaFJp4DmVmh5i3TBPQz\/Qv7I+jwHgqpYM9rAQ28McMxwCn9gB4bbzDhfQ60h\/xaZ19lCTe7YvHc50w9URPnh+U\/oLgDMDNW31QGEqrrW5n7LfAhvjqDl96yTVbHK91wVDFtjtxfKrvjr2Uxn0WJYWXJvFjD+G2RxlXJ1PVtDaKXPUyzUplTG+H7ciMGkUvfWTsKoZK5UZLDiVaJWuzuVTokKYtOCl9OZpwavRFCr7S4pFm+5rQUvTTqAvpp10K6XvOdt\/arKsTRX4FZhOj1a4bdDkd+q2e3A2EozZ2l5vWaGLvHdNlDqfauAoTEJnkjRL9jF3KYJ9GtsvN0D7Zrmuh\/zDkBmynk0iEZKYK\/+ZsEolWvjF3QH7\/lx0OI+S83md4jTOYSHhY4ZB1YQfZBH9ryV\/nsyMx8iMuq5qFq5d4i+4jWFySpVVSpxe3SbNuUSWZv1qT\/xaS8dd4vSxQbLxBzJ35q\/V4PV5PFoIyKH1WlFjzbLNEr33Sht6\/Go2HixNyTfzwNfssr7PNX\/nkv4XCLTJ\/NULwbyEZafNXYwT\/FpwDAT47XiM2Tn2AxPG5\/V1NUkCFvJrsiyaupkl39fek1zvskiH5Lb\/fDHuoHwD\/52pD67gGrRpdbSXa1ct2I2fANfEcukaeZ1f7InO1vRM99EqFcqqfkkH6WnPahFRt1AuxUwJK8\/UBmQy\/CxhHrnELt9F4XxgQlNCVXCsQTSLGTLGQnlRnJhsqq1ixW+hC6YjmdsHKXtC6ADcNqXrRha0RRXDvEY3gj1zdprmubs20a1An2UHOLNJsv0UE8RPCFekn+E1\/vQy4c02aA7q94G+0b8p1tNHNSvnkatf0uwaF0a4u+IOr2xlEu+uRq42k7ZrnsjSL5QzS7gBkr5I5BVrGmGwynHlgc+71R8xsMPbp2K8yDDJPuZM\/g4NvBqnnanur6PQpRMXcAVVN8E75AoC7r+0N49vhuro6wXtxcvxYEt\/aVS4UyJyPmgf+bidKIlgM45wYqtqzlJhhH7VNmRLmmydr8UEyn4eGLgBeTHPnQZqMOlOE39Ag4zm\/kGG9Ofq4zfD6v98NtkWxH9zM5+Q51bgqA+efBw4qiuw1fG7oDN4PtNwBb4jAbctwsVWoffkumwRboK3KQ7MtzrKos8DbAo0tKX5c+HEmJvZd89EuX4h\/d0mqUMW74THOJz4d7PORMp9Wyp8FmEN\/gndCCgzLgKGrdx7nSUjfoOkZZV4i5\/Spv0CdhjV31K\/krVFeDOtXMcox1YVQFg5d3t+o+VWD7+hvkJa8DktpHVppGBVLYZSDdqAhcypPKMFlL79flcKUbkKftFChjzpJIZoZp590yo50POgnwikdXNP9XMXn+KQRYyLlqtUenmSeBpHP8KgbaT7LJnis7rEOn\/Qb\/XngnejqSfcO9J2n3PKYTrFTVZUp1sggF6CFxw20MKzCC\/3LK06TUS9D12v+AtMPUbLBmbwzyP97u+jhdZQ4ebZZ1pflKotIbcrQGU\/+4nKCp3EjVJ+0xmT3s17S9vJ0XRgw8B4K66lKTnIEmMZAQZgBw1dPG6LDonCDNQUBdMDsqviAhjO9Gos6DmlxV+s4M5WKo1nXqcolrfUecBc1NR+q5Eqaj7oqTAZDVRfJqHWfpgr1u8F6SwwR\/7TMuqDRn66a4tL4bF0vqIIYgDaRNyW2o8HmUoxSWTKDAUtE5k4AB\/7LtsPbt2\/FDDFej+p3WNR9SXvNUmhwKst+w9amDV6r7qM9Wa27mMpXq1n\/0iaj7Jrsz2k10NGWFJB5pR1je\/LJ2s5KPJo0nG3wV3aD7clh1VRW4tGsnWyDy6qhbE8268a07bd0X15\/PaCkOOx681qNI\/PK3hj+bjo+VdFL48yETWLl7TOc55yRp1aLVX23+uaWUkagT3mLmln1q+2sNQzPu0l0eyJH91FY1YzMhbxFq1V9QkJfrdKMQKG5CrqpNKOpmUqjySUXUj2nhLCUZEVdftkMhA\/uja5GE5ubizBKT0uM7yEJm3aq4yINwUzbt9IclcWahYFHNgaG0yGOOmkWwbNeJZrESLcgss\/GPgXO+Hx0NVbuM4u3bJJwGROnjAmh5rDsc2XdfJDKhJSI9WfU50W9htdkDa8nKs+r0Uq1dJXvai0zRa1hLPfnpda4+pvuvbnhlOqu3FTatm1ubsB4F4J0lJco2eIsKuztghY6\/bX09md9lqSxtt3+RM\/RNDebZJpMO++6g4jabn8vUy7OzdrEZgi5\/uQKYLaTZjaARVbGtPLCNJEJitQvDXWilom0Gx8UlrjXV2PoxwfdXSTFwh+rxOb1pFSYSKRziWKUrGQo+STNdihebB\/3W5zk8x1KDiim9NM98\/RFv8GQBAOBTgSj4pBhL8dFESWbfD64w1kycNLEHeS5HwyctEyplUGzOJgsNsnHpNhiqKQly19CbND3dmkK\/aU3c5QUEYojlONw4e3S37w0f5A\/s8nQY75Ccd9Euk6uJ9YkkT6WAB4LlG11UgtnTb2w+ZR05rDDRRatTjAvB8KDmVRU11WDVT\/T3jhoe4oZBBC\/ONaYRwMiSzEPZjeICx602xEXnWG3uTWPV577I3q8oHcM\/a1IDjv47XIcQwZZXchR1faNRKfk2Upfm4ZkydX7z9rMat1izXLE6hcPxUX78GatnmgmGhWFEK4q\/REiHeeChMTUKp2uV3qZKWlWt6AaNdAQuJ5blptb28VDgGl4d3Lyu7Kb4HMgDqzRTh8dgJpyzoTZwydsYUutAdCu2RlrMFicBNDlFDWnqak5o7aK+R4rSQ\/LGu3eDb75tx++\/OLfBnW8hqf1avV2FayDHsP\/9PU3f\/\/h+3YCeLaahrMeBD788O\/f\/\/LTP9rGX07Ca4x7jP\/z1x9++eGn1uHX+G2I+gz\/C6AMf\/P3D60LtA6vl2EPCv\/5y9cf\/tY6+ipcL9d6aZe7vTGEhk6C5+2xA+bjCaRJHVK0imiZPpR6v1PBvT0sRMheLrd21gSl54H9SAuW8RnoA+3GlYxXjg5p\/TIFACmdKTuIlenBuma7YfVXDDlXbZmWVIc8JCHOBJQivaJ7IC6k17k63yWLAAnqTwC91A+E+ta73x6pQwNyXtEyT+NDgRcc4ndVBMOB71XwZqs4gp4BeFW89okE9oeLfjg7t94O5cXRHM3XospBeWnu6YotHqOMAcr7musPFHilhmgMZ2A7VSpPrUN8TjS8DsGbp2rPyyZZHE\/2d280tbxuoIhOFVDL2pGIih2zlPAWTYnP7g\/GJnugqNCAGnSr20x\/1LUWyj4DfylU2C8VViyZX70HDXhyQp2itluKXaD7pbxA+l+6u4eWy9x5Gr3c87R2wtBkGeuupaqu8mP5GJI7rkfj65EP+0VPgWD3BccXwUUS+BpPNfUJ0ulXa8FQVpAKqAa2EMW4qxvdTXVv\/e2oeggUp422jKnne93Ajr2eaVyHnOvS0fVdEv6C05d1g7tAxZ0eyeuj0pRn+\/JNg+K4L8Xk2H6Xl\/2vguqq8zJKRRK4EIAlenRny93gvGsWQt96aJlrfX5\/ErCq0SA2mJ6\/E8SOibpqKVrmHutqx293WxBztzQX4ZwiNet+8Y\/xztrjJqj28gOReX0+MFMeCrtVaug+8FV22C07N7kS0aFbgEwV94WtJySgWQRCD93OfUwVzXM04dJvSU5dV\/hu6+h9jLwCFFWtE\/NFrw+2mi61Zeef1mfUqr2924UtjG14z1uGKtnS7P0CDeZvvSz9lB\/tbx1IOexkmoDfyBmtmcs8KHeOeP1dfAm8iEJ5ZuD8GDmfk0ZNTtDQBMYX1gSAlbY2wlPVlac9+q5l9OvuhoHBvCR4OhNbdXLWVg0a7RAr0XHJ7QN4D8ZABLeAFuak8QWOIAyMJOFRd\/Nov71pMzirl6xRNIvNgPZMk1S3i6vkRbo6EVK9mE5WnYLRSZt7pItXLO3SU+cvmLZhF890lfysIOB5nAc6h27Wj4tKG2LB0xzHawaFTAzvcp+tULx6PfL9+63jEWNtyPmoNdFJ+GfKnLkzXReDgEpTtaiRLaHn62Jy26PdYuOA69KtOio2u8k1e8K9EFOM4h+52l\/hfEaz1jmq+t5dUhBVYE5lH7yndnKeMSn1JyM09eMdBeZ9xsFzrPW84\/sW++cSW9jIGsmL\/jkfohNMkQUCCbvKx1sGZnv3qGc+\/V5aYuArtMR+rirC1PswutfaNVBmk7+PIwEU8yX3o6kiKnX8YNwSP7Cp4t0LAJ0NOQS5vosLugnJY+q342Ynd5w9XwzKQinGOpZ86FP7PvS7+6NZJPDuHo7MUXAJXdYMg9jeJWJfWhrv5gJ2HNrAPdJpj06mvDNl3HSm+Bd\/DGjDtaAS13\/S24uMNpx3n6wBnfrcCTTH8aKj7NsJLh3lIYn2p+Juaj+7XZMabdrcuY0wWL1t9g881Ipqz5TFYV39t7xqOruoamomFzLSzVDZS2h8OqHOJCBekjuXyHi9zob1X8E6G+rZr7sHvTbh9BtbocMUzXDWJluq8rKVpDmQF6dHi1bG7oH4Ho62zniy6mx42SK5j+IYZfmx4YWwJX8YAUdQZi8vSBhZL5GliakuUw543yKebKu2tL+ZlAcybUQ2R\/LNGqJ8i5+mPmMhRaH158cLe4VKenmBRrmofy3zii5jLzSoJSevDvuNb271G9+8XqcZECWM5nOHATEeNdUGV3udXO2kiKaC8YFUlv2CHwqjRj40j99enxkuWdhKy48yHVqCcV408qMLW+Viquy7wG8uSWCWctsXZ5nkzokugQZro4luspvVZhskl63nCEW6cnukz+jbkP1ilGJ3l0CzuwuXadl32ZRdARYm8O23ffsD3FpvnsBGzIwcje7lfZr6lzqnOvZrCCEGN9x+NoP+6dEqD7o0FP1T54vWDQAv20IHbjnVNiGdzvq38YPtTrSBHvcg66AmXcTaVyHYwkfOZaB3b2V4fewae+q\/1zK8tlu3QvXmfCn2qTcagriYOzlG3wS8Y1RwbgXG5BW1JK15Kc9WS1IzG56wey\/rFg8ztC5OpdP4HdJpunoYO9m9hjaqgb6tdAMIwYGntZcTXPyBYpLguDrl2SL\/WDtbywUOegryFmU4PO3sIeGY6ZNjcbDUjD6eHlImm6B7PimdT6TSzUNdR5tGHEQvTXq3kXFCWorkJ5DNVmU6kHStp97vpm4LMku+3p\/kcynU6N\/\/Hw==\"><style>#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-eua-full.nxe{display:block;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:1180px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 16px;font-family:ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,\"Segoe UI\",sans-serif;line-height:1.55;overflow-wrap:break-word}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-eua-full.nxe :where(*,*::before,*::after){box-sizing:inherit}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-eua-full.nxe :where(section,header,footer,nav,aside){display:block;margin:0 0 32px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-eua-full.nxe :where(h1,h2,h3,h4){line-height:1.2;margin:24px 0 12px;font-weight:600}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-eua-full.nxe :where(p,ul,ol,dl,table,figure,details){margin:0 0 16px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-eua-full.nxe :where(ul,ol){padding-left:20px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-eua-full.nxe a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-eua-full.nxe table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;display:block;overflow-x:auto}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-eua-full.nxe :where(th,td){padding:6px 8px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:inherit}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-eua-full.nxe svg{display:none}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-eua-full.nxe svg.nx-i{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:-3px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-eua-full.nxe :where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-eua-full.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><div class=\"nrp\"><div class=\"nrp-wrap\"><p class=\"nrj-draft\" data-nrj-shared=\"draft\" role=\"note\"><strong>Draft, not yet released.<\/strong> In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.<\/p><article class=\"nrp-flow\"><header class=\"nrp-hero\"><div class=\"nrp-hero-grid\"><div><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Baseline Edition 2026<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Complete edition<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 class=\"pp-hero-title nrp-hero-title-l\">Eurasia Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of Eurasia\u2019s Interdependent Systems.<\/h1><p class=\"nrp-lede\"><\/p><div class=\"nrp-actions\"><button class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" type=\"button\" data-nrp-act=\"print\" hidden><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 18H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><path d=\"M6 9V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6\"\/><rect x=\"6\" y=\"14\" width=\"12\" height=\"8\" rx=\"1\"\/><\/svg>Print or save as PDF<\/button><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19 12H5\"\/><path d=\"m12 19-7-7 7-7\"\/><\/svg>Edition home<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nrp-note nrp-noprint\">Choose A4 or Letter in the print dialog; running heads and page numbers are added in print. This is a review copy: the signed PDF with its DOI is issued at release.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nrp-cover\"><div class=\"nrp-cover-top\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">REG-EUA<\/span><\/div><span class=\"nrp-cover-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"nrp-cover-k\">Regional Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-t\">Eurasia 2026<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-s\"><\/p><div class=\"nrp-cover-foot\"><span>Baseline Edition 2026<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><span><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> for the Nexus Consortium<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block nrp-imprint\" aria-label=\"Imprint\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Imprint<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor, the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto<\/dd><dt>Report number<\/dt><dd class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026, cut NQ-REG-EUA-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Status<\/dt><dd>Draft under stewardship review; not yet released<\/dd><dt>DOI and UNI<\/dt><dd>Issued at deposit<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>CC BY 4.0 for Nexus-authored text, tables and figures; third-party material keeps its own licence<\/dd><dt>Cite as<\/dt><dd>Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Eurasia Regional <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of Eurasia\u2019s Interdependent Systems. (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" aria-label=\"Contents\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Contents<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">\u00b7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-summary\">Executive summary<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-coupled-system\">Chapter 1. Eurasia\u2019s risk travels through shared seas, pipelines and dry years<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-findings\">Chapter 2. Key findings<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-systems-and-sectors\">Chapter 3. Systems and sectors at baseline<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-risk-and-capability\">Chapter 4. Risks and capability<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-scenario\">Chapter 5. Dry year across Anatolia and the Black Sea basin<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-lenses-and-readings\">Chapter 6. Readings from the other desks<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-agenda\">Chapter 7. The 2027 agenda<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">8<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-systems-in-depth\">Chapter 8. Systems in depth<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-methodology\">Annex A. Methodology<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-data\">Annex B. Data appendix<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-references\">Annex C. References and record<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-summary\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/\">Eurasia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Executive summary<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Executive summary<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The edition on a few pages: the abstract, the key messages, the headline finding and what each steward reads in it.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>14 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.1<\/span><span>Abstract<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>Eurasia, as the series reads it, is two member countries, T\u00fcrkiye and the Russian Federation, that meet across the Black Sea, the Turkish Straits and two gas pipelines, and that differ sharply in size, climate and energy position. The World Bank series gives 85.9 million residents for T\u00fcrkiye and 143.5 million for Russia in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. Their combined greenhouse gas emissions excluding land use were 3,155 Mt CO\u2082e in 2024, of which Russia emitted 81.6% on this basis<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. T\u00fcrkiye imported 70.1% of the energy it used in 2024 and Russia was a net exporter of an amount equal to 70.7% of its energy use<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>. In 2025 T\u00fcrkiye had its driest year since at least 1964<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>, hydropower there fell from 74.6 to 57.3 TWh while gas generation rose from 63.3 to 78.4 TWh<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>, and Istanbul\u2019s reservoirs held 20.29% of capacity on 21 November 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup>. Western Russia saw annual temperatures up to 2.5 \u00b0C above average in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>. The earthquakes of February 2023 caused direct damage estimated at US$34.2 billion in T\u00fcrkiye<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup>. This Baseline Edition fixes the 2026 reference state from sources that could be read at evidence close. Where a national dataset could not be read, it shows as a designed empty state that names the source and the blocker. The edition decides nothing and ranks no member country.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.2<\/span><span>Key messages<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Six readings that frame the Eurasia baseline, and the eight questions this edition answers, each with its status and source.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-km\"><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Combined emissions excluding land use were 3,155 Mt CO\u2082e in 2024; Russia emits about four fifths on this basis. Inventory totals differ.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Where do emissions stand?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Fossil sources gave 56.7% in T\u00fcrkiye and 64.3% in Russia in 2025; Russia relies on gas and nuclear, T\u00fcrkiye on coal, hydropower, wind and solar.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How different are the electricity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">T\u00fcrkiye imported 70.1% of its energy in 2024 and Russia exported an amount equal to 70.7% of its use. Two pipelines link them.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How exposed is energy supply?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">T\u00fcrkiye had its driest year since at least 1964 and Istanbul\u2019s reservoirs fell to 20.29% in November.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How severe was the 2025 drought?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Western Russia was up to 2.5 \u00b0C above average and T\u00fcrkiye reached 50.5 \u00b0C in July.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How hot was 2025?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Russia produced 120.4 million tonnes and T\u00fcrkiye 39.0 million tonnes in 2024; 2025 is not bound.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How much grain do the members produce?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h75\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive.heat-illness-surge\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Climate-sensitive illness\" data-td=\"A rise in heatstroke, dehydration and heat-worsened heart, lung and kidney illness during hot spells, overwhelming emergency care and killing older and isolated people.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H75\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/health\/\" data-txl=\"Health and biosecurity\">Heat-related deaths<\/a> are not bound for either member.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How many people died of heat?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">A dry year that cuts Turkish hydropower and reservoirs while the Black Sea grain basin is weak. SCN-EUA-DRY-01<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What will Q1 2027 test first?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.3<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">In 2025 T\u00fcrkiye had its driest year since at least 1964, and water-year rainfall was 26.3% below the 1991 to 2020 average, the lowest in 52 years.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure S.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-fig1-t\">Hydropower generation in T\u00fcrkiye (TWh)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">2024<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">74.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">2025<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"76.8\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">57.3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: Ember<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. The fall follows the 2025 drought<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup>. Gas generation rose over the same year from 63.3 to 78.4 TWh<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figure><p class=\"nrp-p\">A dry year is an energy event as well as a water event. Less hydropower meant more gas burnt in a country that imports most of its energy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>, and Istanbul\u2019s reservoirs reached 20.29% in November<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup>. Water, power and import dependence therefore need to be read together.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.4<\/span><span>At a glance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">85.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>T\u00fcrkiye population, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">143.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Russian Federation population, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">3,155<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>combined emissions excluding land use, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">43.3 \u00b7 17.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>renewables in electricity, T\u00fcrkiye \u00b7 Russia, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">70.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>T\u00fcrkiye net energy imports as a share of energy use, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">members<\/span><p>T\u00fcrkiye, Russian Federation<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.5<\/span><span>What each steward reads in it<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of Eurasian risk: drought and heat act on water, power and food together in T\u00fcrkiye, while Russia\u2019s exposure lies in heat, fire and thaw, and in what it exports.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as a dry tap, a hot day or a price change.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Quake and drought loss series are not bound, and the damage assessment of 2023 shows the scale of a single event.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>Eurasia publishes strong series on emissions and electricity through international compilations.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.6<\/span><span>What this edition is, and is not<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What this edition is<\/h3><p>A baseline: the state of Eurasia\u2019s water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in 2026 read across T\u00fcrkiye, Russian Federation. It reads the shared basins and grids that no single member controls, and sets out the questions the operational series will answer.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What it is not<\/h3><p>Not a regional <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/glossary\/risk-assessment\/\" data-tgl=\"Nexus Standards glossary\">risk assessment<\/a>, an official warning or a rating. It decides nothing about any institution or asset. Competent authorities keep every mandate they hold, and each member\u2019s ownership of its own edition is unaffected. It does not stand for the European Union, which is a separate subject in the series.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What comes next<\/h3><p>Q1 2027 opens the operational series with a sealed Foundry evidence cut. Each later edition reports what changed against this baseline: new observations, source revisions, method changes, scenario updates and corrections.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SP.POP.TOTL, Population, total (T\u00fcrkiye and Russian Federation), data API, update of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, total greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide and methane emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e, AR5 basis; EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5, EN.GHG.CO2.MT.CE.AR5, EN.GHG.CH4.MT.CE.AR5), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, net energy imports as a share of energy use (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS) and energy use per capita (EG.USE.PCAP.KG.OE), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Precipitation. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Yearly electricity data, generation by source, capacity and emissions intensity (T\u00fcrkiye and Russia), release file of generation outputs. Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), Istanbul dam levels drop below 20% amid worsening drought (news report on figures of the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration, 21 November 2025). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Temperature. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> damage in T\u00fcrkiye estimated to exceed $34 billion: World Bank disaster assessment report (press release of 27 February 2023 on the Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation report). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>TASS (ed.), Russia increases pipeline gas supplies to Turkey by 28% in 1H 2025 (news report compiled from Turkish energy regulator data, 28 August 2025). TASS, Moscow. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, Key events overview. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, cereal production (metric tons) and cereal yield (AG.PRD.CREL.MT, AG.YLD.CREL.KG), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation (Rosstat) (ed.), grain and legume harvest 2025 (preliminary and revised totals reported by several outlets, 139.4 to 144.6 million tonnes, which disagree; taken from search-result summaries). Rosstat, Moscow. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Thermal stress. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), Rainfall in T\u00fcrkiye falls to lowest level in decades in 2025 (news report of 29 December 2025 with data compiled by Anadolu Agency from the General Directorate of Meteorology, Meteoroloji Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cs-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-coupled-system\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/\">Eurasia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 1<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Eurasia\u2019s risk travels through shared seas, pipelines and dry years<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Part I describes systems and their couplings. It assesses no authority and ranks no member country.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>8 min read<\/span><span>2 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>16 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.1<\/span><span>The questions this part answers<\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Key questions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Where is Eurasia\u2019s risk concentrated, and in which <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>?<\/li><li>Which couplings carry shocks across member borders?<\/li><li>Which capabilities hold under compound stress, and which are only documented?<\/li><li>What must the 2027 programme measure first?<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">In this part<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Narrative<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Headline finding<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Lead figure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Member system cards<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Shared basins and grids<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hub list<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Regional pathway<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Twelve-domain reading<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Sector screens<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Dependency matrix<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Risk objects<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Capability ladder<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Scenario<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Three lenses<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Portfolio<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.2<\/span><span>The argument<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>T\u00fcrkiye had 85.9 million residents in 2025 and the Russian Federation 143.5 million on the World Bank series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. National counts differ in basis: a search summary of the Turkish registry put T\u00fcrkiye at 86.1 million on 31 December 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup>, and the Rosstat preliminary estimate for 1 January 2025 was 146.0 million<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup>. This baseline reads Eurasia as a region of two members that meet across the Black Sea, the Turkish Straits and two gas pipelines, and whose <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> are very different in scale.<\/p><p>The forcing layer was strong in 2025. T\u00fcrkiye had its driest year since at least 1964, with annual precipitation 10 to 40% below average across a swathe from the United Kingdom to T\u00fcrkiye and the Caucasus<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>. Water-year rainfall was 26.3% below the 1991 to 2020 average<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup>. Temperatures reached 50.5 \u00b0C at Silopi on 25 July<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup>. In western Russia annual anomalies reached up to 2.5 \u00b0C and the north-western winter anomaly set a record of 7 \u00b0C<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The drought passed into energy and water. Hydropower in T\u00fcrkiye fell from 74.6 TWh in 2024 to 57.3 TWh in 2025 while gas generation rose from 63.3 to 78.4 TWh<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. Istanbul\u2019s reservoirs held 20.29% of capacity on 21 November 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup>. T\u00fcrkiye also has far less renewable water per person (2,671 m\u00b3) than Russia (29,895 m\u00b3)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The energy position is the sharpest contrast. T\u00fcrkiye imported 70.1% of the energy it used in 2024 and Russia was a net exporter equal to 70.7% of its use<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>. Pipeline gas from Russia to T\u00fcrkiye was about 11 billion cubic metres in the first half of 2025, up 28% on the year<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup>. Russia generated 64.3% of its electricity from fossil fuels and 18.3% from nuclear; T\u00fcrkiye generated 56.7% from fossil fuels and no nuclear power<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>Hazard and loss records show what a single event can do. The February 2023 earthquakes caused direct damage estimated at US$34.2 billion in T\u00fcrkiye, about 4% of 2021 GDP, and left 1.25 million people temporarily homeless<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup>. A forestry academic put Turkish fire losses in 2025 at about 80,000 hectares by early October<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup>. The final burnt area for Russia in 2025 is not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>This edition therefore reads Eurasia\u2019s risk as a property of the couplings between these forces. The matrix, risk objects, capability ladder and scenario that follow ask two questions: where does a shock travel next between the two members, and who holds the capability to stop it?<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-fig1-t\">How different are the electricity systems? Renewables in total generation, 2025 (%)<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Renewables supplied 43.3% of Turkish and 17.4% of Russian electricity in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. In T\u00fcrkiye the total is hydropower (16.2%), wind (11.1%) and solar (10.5%) with the rest from bioenergy and other sources; in Russia it is almost all hydropower (16.7%). Russia\u2019s nuclear share of 18.3% is low-carbon but not renewable<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">T\u00fcrkiye<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">43.3<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Russian Federation<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"40.2\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">17.4<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: as cited in the note to this figure. Year 2025.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Figure ID FIG-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-01-003<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">43.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>T\u00fcrkiye renewables share of generation, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">17.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Russian Federation renewables share, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">475.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">gCO\u2082e\/kWh<\/span><p>T\u00fcrkiye emissions intensity of generation, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">446.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">gCO\u2082e\/kWh<\/span><p>Russian Federation emissions intensity, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.3<\/span><span>Twenty couplings between five systems<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The Eurasia matrix types the twenty couplings between the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events; they set the starting graph that the Q1 2027 Foundry cut will test.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-fig2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-fig2-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-fig2-t\">Couplings between the five systems<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Each line is one coupling from one system to another, drawn by the strength the edition assigns. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events.<\/p><\/figcaption><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-ring\" viewBox=\"0 0 340 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Coupling ring: 20 typed couplings between water, energy, food, health and biodiversity. The matrix in the next table carries every value.\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><ul class=\"nrp-legend\"><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"STRONG\"><\/span>Strong<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"MODERATE\"><\/span>Moderate<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"WEAK\"><\/span>Weak<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: this edition&#8217;s coupling matrix (Table 1.1); status Estimated.<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling matrix: from the row system to the column system<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">From, to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">WAT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">ENE<\/th><th scope=\"col\">FOO<\/th><th scope=\"col\">HLT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">BIO<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><b>WAT<\/b> Water<\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">hydro \u00b7 thermal cooling<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">irrigation \u00b7 rain-fed yield<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">safe water \u00b7 sanitation<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>ENE<\/b> Energy<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pumping \u00b7 desalination<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fuel \u00b7 fertiliser \u00b7 cold chain<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">air pollution \u00b7 cooling<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">land use \u00b7 mining<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>FOO<\/b> Food<\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">\u224870% of withdrawals<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">bioenergy feedstock<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">nutrition \u00b7 food safety<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">land conversion<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>HLT<\/b> Health<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">labour \u00b7 disease<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">residues<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>BIO<\/b> Biodiversity<\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">biomass \u00b7 hydrology<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pollination \u00b7 soils<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">zoonoses \u00b7 medicines<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"6\">Strength: strong, moderate or weak; a Nexus estimate (status Estimated) from cited evidence and analogue events. The scale is defined in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Transmission paths<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 ENE<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Low rainfall cuts hydropower and reservoirs and raises gas burn.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> T\u00fcrkiye 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 FOO \u2192 TRD<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">A dry year lowers grain output and moves trade and prices.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> cereal output 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>; no 2025 series bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">TRD \u2192 ENE \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">A gas supply change reaches power cost and public budgets.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> pipeline volumes 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup>; no event bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">INF \u2192 ENE \u2192 all<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">A major shock to the built environment spreads across sectors.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> earthquakes 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 BIO \u2192 CLI<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Fire and thaw release carbon and raise exposure in forests.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> Turkish fires 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup>; Russian series not bound<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.4<\/span><span>Reinforcing loops<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A shock entering either system of a loop can return amplified through the other.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Pairs of systems where both directions are rated strong<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Loop<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First direction<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Second direction<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT and FOO<\/span><\/td><td>Water to food: irrigation \u00b7 rain-fed yield<\/td><td>Food to water: \u224870% of withdrawals<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Water to biodiversity: flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/td><td>Biodiversity to water: regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Food to biodiversity: land conversion<\/td><td>Biodiversity to food: pollination \u00b7 soils<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"3\">A causal-loop reading of the matrix (Sterman, Business Dynamics, 2000): structural, from estimated strengths, not a measured feedback.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SP.POP.TOTL, Population, total (T\u00fcrkiye and Russian Federation), data API, update of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat, T\u00dc\u0130K) (ed.), Address Based Population Registration System Results 2025 (bulletin of 9 February 2026; the page returned an error and the figure 86,092,168 was taken from a search-result summary). TurkStat, Ankara. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>TASS (ed.), Russian population stands at 146 mln as of January 1, 2025 (news report of the preliminary estimate of the Federal State Statistics Service, Rosstat, 31 January 2025). TASS, Moscow. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Precipitation. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), Rainfall in T\u00fcrkiye falls to lowest level in decades in 2025 (news report of 29 December 2025 with data compiled by Anadolu Agency from the General Directorate of Meteorology, Meteoroloji Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, Key events overview. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Temperature. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Yearly electricity data, generation by source, capacity and emissions intensity (T\u00fcrkiye and Russia), release file of generation outputs. Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), Istanbul dam levels drop below 20% amid worsening drought (news report on figures of the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration, 21 November 2025). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, renewable internal freshwater resources per capita, annual freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources, and withdrawals by agriculture, data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, net energy imports as a share of energy use (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS) and energy use per capita (EG.USE.PCAP.KG.OE), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>TASS (ed.), Russia increases pipeline gas supplies to Turkey by 28% in 1H 2025 (news report compiled from Turkish energy regulator data, 28 August 2025). TASS, Moscow. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> damage in T\u00fcrkiye estimated to exceed $34 billion: World Bank disaster assessment report (press release of 27 February 2023 on the Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation report). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), 2025 forest fires reach second-highest burned area in T\u00fcrkiye (news report of 8 October 2025 citing a forestry academic at Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa, with Anadolu Agency). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Moscow Times (ed.), Russia sees milder <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> season so far in 2025 but experts warn against complacency (official January to August burnt area of 4.5 million hectares taken from a search-result summary). Moscow Times. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, cereal production (metric tons) and cereal yield (AG.PRD.CREL.MT, AG.YLD.CREL.KG), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-findings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/\">Eurasia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 2<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Key findings<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Twelve findings carry the baseline. They are grouped by system, never ranked. Each resolves to its source or, where Nexus analysis is involved, to its stated method.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>17 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.1<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002\">NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">In 2025 T\u00fcrkiye had its driest year since at least 1964, and water-year rainfall was 26.3% below the 1991 to 2020 average, the lowest in 52 years.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 2.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-fig1-t\">Hydropower generation in T\u00fcrkiye (TWh)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">2024<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">74.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">2025<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"76.8\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">57.3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: Ember<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. The fall follows the 2025 drought<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup>. Gas generation rose over the same year from 63.3 to 78.4 TWh<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figure><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Implication<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">A dry year is an energy event as well as a water event. Less hydropower meant more gas burnt in a country that imports most of its energy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>, and Istanbul\u2019s reservoirs reached 20.29% in November<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup>. Water, power and import dependence therefore need to be read together.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What would move it<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">Winter and spring rainfall, reservoir fill in Marmara, hydropower output, gas imports and the 2026 summer heat would each move this finding. Heat mortality and the Russian share of Turkish gas imports are not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.2<\/span><span>Climate forcing<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\">NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Greenhouse gas emissions excluding land use were 579.5 Mt CO\u2082e in T\u00fcrkiye and 2,575.7 Mt CO\u2082e in the Russian Federation in 2024 on the World Bank series, of which 460.0 and 2,009.2 Mt were carbon dioxide.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002\">NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">In 2025 T\u00fcrkiye had its driest year since at least 1964, and water-year rainfall was 26.3% below the 1991 to 2020 average, the lowest in 52 years.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003\">NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">In 2025 annual temperatures in western Russia reached up to 2.5 \u00b0C above average and the north-western winter anomaly was a record 7 \u00b0C; T\u00fcrkiye recorded 50.5 \u00b0C at Silopi on 25 July.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.3<\/span><span>Energy<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-ENE-004\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-ENE-004\">NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-ENE-004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Fossil sources supplied 56.7% of Turkish electricity in 2025; hydropower fell from 74.6 TWh in 2024 to 57.3 TWh, and gas generation rose from 63.3 to 78.4 TWh.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-ENE-005\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-ENE-005\">NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-ENE-005<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">In 2025 Russia generated 544.96 TWh from gas (45.6%), 218.62 TWh from nuclear (18.3%), 211.17 TWh from coal (17.7%) and 199.95 TWh from hydropower (16.7%); wind and solar gave 0.6%.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-ENE-006\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-ENE-006\">NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-ENE-006<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">T\u00fcrkiye imported 70.1% of the energy it used in 2024 while Russia was a net exporter equal to 70.7% of its use; Russian pipeline gas to T\u00fcrkiye was about 11 billion cubic metres in January to June 2025, up 28% on the year.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.4<\/span><span>Water<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-WAT-007\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-WAT-007\">NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-WAT-007<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Istanbul\u2019s reservoirs held 20.29% of capacity (about 176 million m\u00b3 of 868.7 million) on 21 November 2025, the lowest for that date in the series published for 2016 to 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-WAT-008\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-WAT-008\">NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-WAT-008<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Renewable internal freshwater was 2,671 m\u00b3 per person in T\u00fcrkiye and 29,895 m\u00b3 in Russia in 2022; withdrawals were 28.4% of internal resources in T\u00fcrkiye and 1.5% in Russia.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.5<\/span><span>Food<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-FOO-009\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-FOO-009\">NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-FOO-009<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Cereal production in 2024 was 39.0 million tonnes in T\u00fcrkiye (42.2 in 2023) and 120.4 million tonnes in Russia (136.3 in 2023).<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.6<\/span><span>Health<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-HLT-010\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-HLT-010\">NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-HLT-010<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Mean exposure to PM2.5 was 26.4 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 in T\u00fcrkiye and 11.6 in Russia in 2023; life expectancy was 77.4 and 73.4 years in 2024; 10.6% and 17.8% of people were aged 65 or over in 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.7<\/span><span>Biodiversity<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-BIO-011\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-BIO-011\">NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-BIO-011<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Forests covered 29.5% of T\u00fcrkiye and 50.8% of Russia in 2024; terrestrial protected areas were 7% and 11.5%; a forestry academic\u2019s tally put Turkish fire losses in 2025 at about 80,000 hectares by early October.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.8<\/span><span>Systemic<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\">NRF-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The leading compound pathway for 2027 testing is a dry year in which low rainfall, reduced hydropower and high gas burn in T\u00fcrkiye coincide with a weak grain year in the Black Sea basin. \u00a79.3<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Yearly electricity data, generation by source, capacity and emissions intensity (T\u00fcrkiye and Russia), release file of generation outputs. Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Precipitation. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), Rainfall in T\u00fcrkiye falls to lowest level in decades in 2025 (news report of 29 December 2025 with data compiled by Anadolu Agency from the General Directorate of Meteorology, Meteoroloji Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, net energy imports as a share of energy use (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS) and energy use per capita (EG.USE.PCAP.KG.OE), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), Istanbul dam levels drop below 20% amid worsening drought (news report on figures of the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration, 21 November 2025). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Thermal stress. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>TASS (ed.), Russia increases pipeline gas supplies to Turkey by 28% in 1H 2025 (news report compiled from Turkish energy regulator data, 28 August 2025). TASS, Moscow. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, total greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide and methane emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e, AR5 basis; EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5, EN.GHG.CO2.MT.CE.AR5, EN.GHG.CH4.MT.CE.AR5), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Temperature. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, Key events overview. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, renewable internal freshwater resources per capita, annual freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources, and withdrawals by agriculture, data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, cereal production (metric tons) and cereal yield (AG.PRD.CREL.MT, AG.YLD.CREL.KG), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, population ages 0-14 and 65 and above, and urban population, as a share of the total (T\u00fcrkiye and Russian Federation), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, life expectancy at birth, under-5 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 mortality-rate\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The number of deaths in a population over a period relative to its size.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">mortality rate<\/a> and current health expenditure as a share of GDP, data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, forest area, agricultural land, and terrestrial protected areas as a share of land area, data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), 2025 forest fires reach second-highest burned area in T\u00fcrkiye (news report of 8 October 2025 citing a forestry academic at Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa, with Anadolu Agency). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c2-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-systems-and-sectors\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/\">Eurasia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 3<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems and sectors at baseline<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>8 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>26 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.1<\/span><span>Where each system stood at evidence close<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WAT \u00b7 Water<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Istanbul reservoirs, share of capacity on 21 November 2025<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">20.29<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>The lowest for that date in the ten-year series published, against 27.49% a year earlier.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>Daily Sabah<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">ENE \u00b7 Energy<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Fossil share of Turkish electricity generation<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">56.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Hydropower fell from 74.6 to 57.3 TWh in a year and gas generation rose from 63.3 to 78.4 TWh.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>Ember<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FOO \u00b7 Food<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Cereal production, Russian Federation<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">120.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt<\/span><p>T\u00fcrkiye produced 39.0 Mt. Both were below 2023 (136.3 and 42.2 Mt). Output for 2025 is not bound.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HLT \u00b7 Health<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Mean annual exposure to fine particles (PM2.5), T\u00fcrkiye<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">26.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">\u00b5g\/m\u00b3<\/span><p>Russia was at 11.6 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3. <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h75\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive.heat-illness-surge\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Climate-sensitive illness\" data-td=\"A rise in heatstroke, dehydration and heat-worsened heart, lung and kidney illness during hot spells, overwhelming emergency care and killing older and isolated people.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H75\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/health\/\" data-txl=\"Health and biosecurity\">Heat-related deaths<\/a> are not bound for either member.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2023<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">BIO \u00b7 Biodiversity<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Forest area as a share of land, Russian Federation<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">50.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>T\u00fcrkiye 29.5%. Terrestrial protected area: Russia 11.5%, T\u00fcrkiye 7%.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SYS \u00b7 Cross-system<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Direct damage of the February 2023 earthquakes in T\u00fcrkiye<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">34.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">US$ bn<\/span><p>About 4% of 2021 GDP; 1.25 million people temporarily homeless; 81% of damage in five provinces.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2023<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.2<\/span><span>Domain posture<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each of the twelve coupled domains is read in words, not scored. The reading states where the regional evidence points; the coupling column names the dependency that carries risk across <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and borders.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Each domain read in words, not scored<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Domain<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Posture at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT<\/span><\/td><td>Renewable freshwater 2,671 m\u00b3 per person in T\u00fcrkiye against 29,895 in Russia; Istanbul reservoirs at 20.29% in November 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT \u2192 ENE \u00b7 WAT \u2192 FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE<\/span><\/td><td>Fossil fuels 56.7% of Turkish and 64.3% of Russian electricity in 2025; T\u00fcrkiye imports 70.1% of its energy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO<\/span><\/td><td>Cereal output fell in both members in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>. Output for 2025 not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO \u2190 WAT, CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT<\/span><\/td><td>PM2.5 exposure 26.4 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 in T\u00fcrkiye and 11.6 in Russia in 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>. Heat deaths not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT \u2190 CLI, ENE<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Forest 29.5% of T\u00fcrkiye and 50.8% of Russia in 2024; about 80,000 ha burnt in T\u00fcrkiye by October 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup>. Condition not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO \u2194 WAT, FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CLI<\/span><\/td><td>Driest year for T\u00fcrkiye since at least 1964; western Russia up to 2.5 \u00b0C above average<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">forcing on all systems<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF<\/span><\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> damage of US$34.2 billion in 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup>. Pipeline and Straits flows not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN<\/span><\/td><td>Quake loss insurance and fiscal exposure not bound; IMF projects growth of 2.7% and 0.9% for 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN \u2190 CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT<\/span><\/td><td>Digital dependencies of lifelines not mapped at public-safe resolution.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT \u2192 ENE, FIN<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC<\/span><\/td><td>Data-centre and compute demand on grids and water not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC \u2192 ENE, WAT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN<\/span><\/td><td>Mineral and fuel trade not bound at baseline.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN \u2190 TRD<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD<\/span><\/td><td>Gas trade between members rose in the first half of 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup>; Straits traffic not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.3<\/span><span>Sector screens<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">All sixteen global sectors are screened on the same grammar as every national edition, so later editions can say what changed. The evidence column describes coverage of the baseline evidence, not the performance of the sector.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Sectors: baseline evidence and the exposure to watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Code<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Sector<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Exposure to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-00<\/span><\/td><td>Cross-system<\/td><td>compound drought, heat and import dependence<\/td><td>a dry year across Anatolia and the Black Sea basin<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-01<\/span><\/td><td>Water<\/td><td>rainfall 26.3% below average in T\u00fcrkiye<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>low reservoirs in a dry year<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-02<\/span><\/td><td>Energy<\/td><td>generation mix by source<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>import dependence; gas link<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-03<\/span><\/td><td>Food<\/td><td>cereal output 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>drought and heat<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-04<\/span><\/td><td>Health<\/td><td>PM2.5 and life expectancy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat load on services<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-05<\/span><\/td><td>Finance<\/td><td>IMF growth and inflation series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>quake and drought losses<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-06<\/span><\/td><td>Development<\/td><td>income and inequality series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>regional inequality not bound<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-07<\/span><\/td><td>Climate<\/td><td>national targets listed<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat, drought and fire<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-08<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> damage assessed<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup>; fire area partial<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>compound and sequential events<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-09<\/span><\/td><td>Infrastructure<\/td><td>pipeline volume reported for 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>single points of failure<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-10<\/span><\/td><td>Cities<\/td><td>Istanbul reservoir record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>urban water demand and heat<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-11<\/span><\/td><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>forest and protected area shares<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>condition not bound<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-12<\/span><\/td><td>Earth observation<\/td><td>Copernicus and WMO assessments published<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>continuity of records<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-13<\/span><\/td><td>Cyber and digital<\/td><td>dependencies not mapped<\/td><td>systemic outages<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-14<\/span><\/td><td>Policy<\/td><td>climate targets and trading system listed<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>coordination between members<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-15<\/span><\/td><td>Science<\/td><td>compound-event and Arctic warming research<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n47\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r47\" aria-label=\"Note 47\">47<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>translation to the members<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), Istanbul dam levels drop below 20% amid worsening drought (news report on figures of the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration, 21 November 2025). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Yearly electricity data, generation by source, capacity and emissions intensity (T\u00fcrkiye and Russia), release file of generation outputs. Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, cereal production (metric tons) and cereal yield (AG.PRD.CREL.MT, AG.YLD.CREL.KG), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, forest area, agricultural land, and terrestrial protected areas as a share of land area, data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> damage in T\u00fcrkiye estimated to exceed $34 billion: World Bank disaster assessment report (press release of 27 February 2023 on the Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation report). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, renewable internal freshwater resources per capita, annual freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources, and withdrawals by agriculture, data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, net energy imports as a share of energy use (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS) and energy use per capita (EG.USE.PCAP.KG.OE), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation (Rosstat) (ed.), grain and legume harvest 2025 (preliminary and revised totals reported by several outlets, 139.4 to 144.6 million tonnes, which disagree; taken from search-result summaries). Rosstat, Moscow. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Thermal stress. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), 2025 forest fires reach second-highest burned area in T\u00fcrkiye (news report of 8 October 2025 citing a forestry academic at Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa, with Anadolu Agency). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Temperature. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Precipitation. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>TASS (ed.), Russia increases pipeline gas supplies to Turkey by 28% in 1H 2025 (news report compiled from Turkish energy regulator data, 28 August 2025). TASS, Moscow. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: International Monetary Fund (ed.), World Economic Outlook DataMapper, real GDP growth, consumer price inflation, general government gross debt, current account balance and unemployment (T\u00fcrkiye and Russian Federation), data API, values as served on 2026-11-03; years after 2025 are IMF projections. IMF, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention regarding the Regime of the Straits (Montreux, 1936), taken from memory. League of Nations Treaty Series. Observation year 1936. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), Rainfall in T\u00fcrkiye falls to lowest level in decades in 2025 (news report of 29 December 2025 with data compiled by Anadolu Agency from the General Directorate of Meteorology, Meteoroloji Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, life expectancy at birth, under-5 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 mortality-rate\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The number of deaths in a population over a period relative to its size.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">mortality rate<\/a> and current health expenditure as a share of GDP, data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, GDP (current US$) and GDP per capita (current US$) (T\u00fcrkiye and Russian Federation), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, employment in agriculture, agriculture value added as a share of GDP, and Gini index, data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), Russian Federation (country assessment page: 2035 target, net zero target, land-use sink and renewable target). Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye (country assessment page: net zero target, emissions trading system, electricity and renewable targets). Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Wildfires. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/energy-nexus\/\" data-tal=\"Energy Nexus\">Extreme heat<\/a> and rainfall, glacier loss and record ocean heat impact Asia in 2025 (press release on the State of the Climate in Asia 2025), Paro, 17 June 2026. WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: J. Zscheischler et al., Future climate risk from compound events, Nature Climate Change, 2018, taken from memory. Springer Nature. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r47\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 47\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: M. Rantanen et al., The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979, Communications Earth &amp; Environment, 2022, taken from memory. Springer Nature. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c3-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-risk-and-capability\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/\">Eurasia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 4<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Risks and capability<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Four regional risk objects open the portfolio. Order carries no rank. Each is read across driver, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, cascade and consequence; loss metrics are added only where they can be modelled.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>17 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.1<\/span><span>Risk objects<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each risk is read across the chain from hazard to consequence, with its status and evidence-quality level.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-EUA-CLI-001<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Drought and heat in Anatolia and the Black Sea basin<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>low rainfall and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/energy-nexus\/\" data-tal=\"Energy Nexus\">extreme heat<\/a><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>cities, farming and hydropower<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>low renewable water per person<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>reservoir management; performance not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 WAT, ENE, FOO<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1\u20135 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-EUA-ENE-002<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Gas supply disruption in an import-dependent system<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>pipeline fault, price spike or supply change<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>power, industry, heating<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>70.1% of energy imported<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>storage and contract flexibility not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>TRD \u2192 ENE \u2192 FIN<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1\u20135 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-EUA-CLI-003<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Wildfire and thaw in forests and the north<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>warm, dry seasons<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>forests, settlements, northern infrastructure<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>permafrost exposure not bound<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>fire services; performance not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 BIO, INF, HLT<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>seasonal<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-EUA-INF-004<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Earthquake and seismic shocks to dense systems<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>major seismic events<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>housing, lifelines, southern provinces<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>building stock condition not bound<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>recovery programmes not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>INF \u2192 FIN, HLT, FOO<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>multi-decade<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.2<\/span><span>Capability ladder<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Existence is not readiness. Each of the fifteen capability functions is placed on the ladder by the strongest public evidence at the regional level, from a policy listing to performance in real events.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 4.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Capabilities on the ladder of evidence: listed, exists, demonstrated, tested<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Function<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rung<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Level<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Strongest public evidence at baseline<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Prevention and mitigation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>T\u00fcrkiye net zero 2053 and a Climate Law<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup>; Russia 2035 target and net zero 2060<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup>; delivery not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoring and observation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>weather services and agencies publish records relayed by<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: weather and disaster services \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preparedness and planning<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: national disaster plans \u00b7 blocker: not read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Redundancy and reserves<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: gas storage and reservoir operators<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 blocker: capacity and levels beyond Istanbul not read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Response<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: after-action records for fire, drought and quake events \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Continuity of critical services<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: utility and regulator reports \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recovery<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>damage and displacement assessed after the 2023 earthquakes<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup>; programme delivery not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adaptation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: national adaptation plans \u00b7 blocker: not read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Social protection<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: income-support and disaster-payment records \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance and insurance<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: insurer and reinsurer loss data \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Institutional coordination<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>the water convention lists Russia as a party and does not list T\u00fcrkiye<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup>; Black Sea arrangements not read<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Technical infrastructure<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: asset-condition registers \u00b7 blocker: not published<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Workforce<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: health and emergency workforce registers \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Research capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>compound-event and Arctic warming research is published<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n47\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r47\" aria-label=\"Note 47\">47<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"4\">A capability listed in policy is not a tested one; each rung is the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, renewable internal freshwater resources per capita, annual freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources, and withdrawals by agriculture, data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), Istanbul dam levels drop below 20% amid worsening drought (news report on figures of the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration, 21 November 2025). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, net energy imports as a share of energy use (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS) and energy use per capita (EG.USE.PCAP.KG.OE), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>TASS (ed.), Russia increases pipeline gas supplies to Turkey by 28% in 1H 2025 (news report compiled from Turkish energy regulator data, 28 August 2025). TASS, Moscow. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), 2025 forest fires reach second-highest burned area in T\u00fcrkiye (news report of 8 October 2025 citing a forestry academic at Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa, with Anadolu Agency). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Moscow Times (ed.), Russia sees milder <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> season so far in 2025 but experts warn against complacency (official January to August burnt area of 4.5 million hectares taken from a search-result summary). Moscow Times. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> damage in T\u00fcrkiye estimated to exceed $34 billion: World Bank disaster assessment report (press release of 27 February 2023 on the Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation report). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye (country assessment page: net zero target, emissions trading system, electricity and renewable targets). Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Grand National Assembly of T\u00fcrkiye (ed.), Climate Law (\u0130klim Kanunu), adopted 2 July 2025 (date taken from a search-result summary; the text was not read). Official Gazette, Ankara. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), Russian Federation (country assessment page: 2035 target, net zero target, land-use sink and renewable target). Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Temperature. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), Rainfall in T\u00fcrkiye falls to lowest level in decades in 2025 (news report of 29 December 2025 with data compiled by Anadolu Agency from the General Directorate of Meteorology, Meteoroloji Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Moscow Times (ed.), 2025 was Russia\u2019s second warmest year on record (report on the annual climate report of the Russian hydrometeorological service, Roshydromet; anomaly of 1.24 \u00b0C taken from a search-result summary; the file could not be read). Moscow Times. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: United Nations Treaty Collection (ed.), Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes, Helsinki, 17 March 1992 (status of ratification as at 3 November 2026). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution (Bucharest, 1992), taken from memory; the Commission web address returned unrelated content and was not used. Black Sea Commission. Observation year 1992. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: J. Zscheischler et al., Future climate risk from compound events, Nature Climate Change, 2018, taken from memory. Springer Nature. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r47\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 47\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: M. Rantanen et al., The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979, Communications Earth &amp; Environment, 2022, taken from memory. Springer Nature. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c4-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-scenario\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/\">Eurasia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 5<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Dry year across Anatolia and the Black Sea basin<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">A conditional statement under stated assumptions, never a prediction.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>3 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>5 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.1<\/span><span>Assumptions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Scenario SCN-EUA-DRY-01: what is assumed, and what is held constant.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Baseline<\/dt><dd>the 2026 reference state in this edition<\/dd><dt>Drivers<\/dt><dd>a second dry year with low rainfall, high summer heat and high power demand<\/dd><dt>Analogues<\/dt><dd>2025 rainfall and reservoirs<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup>; Turkish hydropower and gas in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>; cereal output in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Interventions<\/dt><dd>none modelled, the specification describes the unmitigated case<\/dd><dt>Run state<\/dt><dd>narrative specification; quantified Foundry run scheduled for Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.2<\/span><span>The cascade, step by step<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">low rainfall empties reservoirs serving large cities<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">Istanbul 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">WAT \u2192 ENE<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">hydropower falls and gas generation rises<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">T\u00fcrkiye 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">ENE \u2192 TRD<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">higher gas demand raises pipeline import needs<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">pipeline volume 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">a weak grain year reduces output and moves trade<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">cereal output 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">FOO, ENE \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">import bills and food prices load households and budgets<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">no series bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">FIN \u2192 recovery<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">investment in water and power slows where budgets are tight<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">no series bound<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.3<\/span><span>The scenario as a table of steps<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">How the shock in scenario SCN-EUA-DRY-01 would travel through Eurasia&#8217;s coupled <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, step by step, under the assumptions the edition states.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Climate to water<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Low rainfall empties reservoirs serving large cities. Analogue or source: Istanbul 2025 [26].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-EUA, scenario SCN-EUA-DRY-01, step 1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 Water to energy<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Hydropower falls and gas generation rises. Analogue or source: T\u00fcrkiye 2025 [6].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-EUA, scenario SCN-EUA-DRY-01, step 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 Energy to trade<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Higher gas demand raises pipeline import needs. Analogue or source: pipeline volume 2025 [29].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-EUA, scenario SCN-EUA-DRY-01, step 3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 Climate to food<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A weak grain year reduces output and moves trade. Analogue or source: cereal output 2024 [10].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-EUA, scenario SCN-EUA-DRY-01, step 4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 FOO, ENE to finance<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Import bills and food prices load households and budgets. Analogue or source: no series bound.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-EUA, scenario SCN-EUA-DRY-01, step 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Finance to recovery<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Investment in water and power slows where budgets are tight. Analogue or source: no series bound.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-EUA, scenario SCN-EUA-DRY-01, step 6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of a conditional scenario under the edition&#8217;s stated assumptions: not a forecast, not a prediction and not a warning. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/scenario\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Eurasia 2026, scenario SCN-EUA-DRY-01<\/a> (2026); Eurasia 2026, references (NR-CIT-1) (2026).<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Precipitation. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), Istanbul dam levels drop below 20% amid worsening drought (news report on figures of the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration, 21 November 2025). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Yearly electricity data, generation by source, capacity and emissions intensity (T\u00fcrkiye and Russia), release file of generation outputs. Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, cereal production (metric tons) and cereal yield (AG.PRD.CREL.MT, AG.YLD.CREL.KG), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>TASS (ed.), Russia increases pipeline gas supplies to Turkey by 28% in 1H 2025 (news report compiled from Turkish energy regulator data, 28 August 2025). TASS, Moscow. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c5-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-lenses-and-readings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/\">Eurasia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 6<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Readings from the other desks<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The regional baseline is read through each steward\u2019s lens, then once as a whole. Each lens is a projection of reviewed findings, not a separate argument. The other desks&#8217; own editions of this subject are listed first, as cross-references, not copies.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>15 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>8 tables<\/span><span>40 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.1<\/span><span>The other desks&#8217; editions of this subject<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Federation: each desk writes its own edition for the subjects in its remit. Until a desk releases, its edition shows its frame and the reading this edition printed for it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Desk<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-host=\"true\"><th scope=\"row\">GCRI Systems Evidence<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRF Public Deliberation<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRA Capital Readiness<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Standards Progress<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Academy Capability<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Index Measurement<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.2<\/span><span>Three lenses<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">One edition, read by each steward. The lens of this site comes first.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\" data-host=\"true\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of Eurasian risk: drought and heat act on water, power and food together in T\u00fcrkiye, while Russia\u2019s exposure lies in heat, fire and thaw, and in what it exports. Evidence is strongest for electricity and emissions series and weakest for losses, health and the cross-border flows.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-002 \u00b7 ENE-004 \u00b7 ENE-006 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRF \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as a dry tap, a hot day or a price change. The baseline asks that public debate weigh how a shared sea and two pipelines make one member\u2019s event the other\u2019s concern.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-003 \u00b7 WAT-007 \u00b7 HLT-010<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRA \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Quake and drought loss series are not bound, and the damage assessment of 2023 shows the scale of a single event<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup>. These show where finance-readiness evidence will matter. Nothing here is advice, a rating or an endorsement.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-002 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>Eurasia publishes strong series on emissions and electricity through international compilations. The 2027 programme should bind national inventories, heat mortality, gas flows and reservoir levels, test the dry year, and measure the condition of forests and the Black Sea.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">SYS-012 \u00b7 A-01 \u00b7 A-02<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.3<\/span><span>Standards, Academy and steward contributions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">How the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> drafts, the Risk Academy and the three stewards feed each quarterly edition for Eurasia. The standards are preparatory working drafts (October 2026) and are cited as drafts, never as adopted standards.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The quarterly rhythm every edition follows<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Quarter<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Boundary<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Q1<\/td><td>State and Agenda<\/td><td>What matters this year, and what is the starting position?<\/td><td>observed baseline stays distinct from planned work<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q2<\/td><td>Evidence and Build<\/td><td>What new evidence and capability have been developed?<\/td><td>a configured capability is not a validated result<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q3<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stress Test<\/a> and Readiness<\/td><td>What do scenarios and tests reveal?<\/td><td>simulated loss or performance is not observed impact<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q4<\/td><td>Annual Synthesis and Renewal<\/td><td>What did the year establish, and what changes next?<\/td><td>release follows review, not event publicity deadlines<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Who contributes what each quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Steward or body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contribution route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GCRI Canada<\/td><td>Lead Institution and Consortium Secretariat; publisher of record; technical truth (key T)<\/td><td>science and practice communities \u00b7 GCRI gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Forum (GRF)<\/td><td>leadership, dialogue and the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> programme; public meaning (key M)<\/td><td>policy, Universe and national adoption \u00b7 GRF gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)<\/td><td>finance, insurance and development readiness; capital meaning (key F)<\/td><td>finance and insurance \u00b7 GRA gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nexus Standards<\/td><td>preparatory drafts on vocabulary, hazards, indicators and methods<\/td><td>Standards site \u00b7 working groups HAZ, IND, MTH, FIN, AI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk Academy<\/td><td>learning pathways tied to the agenda questions<\/td><td>Academy gateway \u00b7 learning by review<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Eurasia regional pathway<\/td><td>regional pathway: hubs named in the registry<\/td><td>regional Commons room<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards drafts used in this edition<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Risk vocabulary NRS-C1 (424 terms) for terms in the glossary<\/li><li>Hazard atlas NHS-1 1.1.0 (905 hazards in 120 families) for risk objects<\/li><li>Seven risk classes: global, catastrophic, existential, emerging, planetary, exponential, frontier-tech<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards calendar to watch<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Founding calls from 20 October 2026; working groups meet from 5 November 2026<\/li><li>Inaugural Global Standards Council session, 12 January 2027<\/li><li>Quarterly reviews in March, June, September and December, aligned with each edition<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Nothing here certifies. A Nexus attestation records an evaluation under a mandate; it confers no certification, endorsement or approval. Adoption of any standard in a member country is a decision of that country\u2019s standards body.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.4<\/span><span>GCRI reading: the model card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-p\">GCRI&#8217;s reading of this edition is its model card: what the national model is, what it computes and where it stops. It is printed in full in Annex A, with the methods it belongs to. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/methodology\/\">Annex A, methodology<\/a><\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.5<\/span><span>Global Risks Forum reading: editorial essays<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Four signed essays by the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> editorial team set out the positions this edition takes. They are interpretation, labelled as such; the evidence they draw on is in the findings register.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Drought, heat and a supply fault do not stop at a frontier. The baseline treats the shared sea, the pipelines and the dry year as the units of analysis, with the two members as the places where the effects land.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 01<\/h3><p>Risk crosses the border first<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Russia\u2019s population is 1.7 times and its emissions 4.4 times those of T\u00fcrkiye on these series (ESTIMATED ratios). The edition reads each against its own distribution and never joins the two into an average that fits neither.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 02<\/h3><p>A region of two unequal members<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">T\u00fcrkiye imports most of its energy and Russia exports most of what it produces. Security depends on diversity of routes and on the response of the power system to a dry year, not on volume alone.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 03<\/h3><p>Supply security is a design question<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Several data that matter most for risk, including heat deaths, national inventory totals and gas flows by route, could not be read at evidence close. The edition shows each gap and the source that would fill it.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 04<\/h3><p>Gaps are findings too<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Essays are signed views of the editorial team. Contributed articles from working groups, consortium institutions and invited experts begin with the Q1 2027 edition, each with its own review route and disclosures.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.6<\/span><span>Global Risks Alliance reading: 2027 regional readiness pack<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The registers that open the 2027 regional cycle. At baseline each is initialised from this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">2027 regional readiness pack<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Register<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First 2027 entry<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>E1<\/td><td>Regional risk state delta<\/td><td>baseline set by this edition<\/td><td>changes against the baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E2<\/td><td>WEFH+B state delta<\/td><td>five regional system readings set<\/td><td>indicator updates and freshness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E3<\/td><td>Agenda and Portfolio movement<\/td><td>eight agenda items \u00b7 7 proposed objects<\/td><td>admission decisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E4<\/td><td>Federation delivery register<\/td><td>editions in programme as listed in the series registry<\/td><td>regional and sector baselines<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E5<\/td><td>Consortium capability register<\/td><td>national consortia forming<\/td><td>first contributions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E6<\/td><td>Leadership questions and challenges<\/td><td>none yet<\/td><td>first challenge log<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E7<\/td><td>Foundry technical state<\/td><td>national environments prepared<\/td><td>first federation cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E8<\/td><td>Publication candidates<\/td><td>twelve findings carried forward<\/td><td>PUBLISH \u00b7 HOLD dispositions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E9<\/td><td>Universe readiness<\/td><td>one candidate mission<\/td><td>admission and role spine<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E10<\/td><td>Correction register<\/td><td>none<\/td><td>first federation-wide cycle<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication dispositions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Publish<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hold<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Needs evidence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Restricted<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Superseded<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Programme progress is not real-world risk improvement. These registers record the work of the Nexus programme; they report on no state or organisation.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.7<\/span><span>Nexus Standards reading: standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Instruments that shape the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in this edition, by status on the retrieval date. The edition assesses no one\u2019s compliance.<\/p><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">IN FORCE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ADOPTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SUBMITTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">UNDER REVIEW<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instrument<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Scope<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Relevance<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Water Convention, Helsinki 1992<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNECE<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>IN FORCE \u00b7 STATUS AT 3 NOV 2026<\/td><td>shared waters<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n44\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNFCCC<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2015<\/td><td>climate targets<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> 2015\u20132030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n45\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNDRR<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2015<\/td><td>disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk reduction<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kunming-Montreal Framework<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n46\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Note 46\">46<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CBD<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2022<\/td><td>30by30<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bucharest Convention, 1992<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Black Sea parties<\/td><td>regional<\/td><td>LISTED \u00b7 NOT READ<\/td><td>sea protection<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Montreux Convention, 1936<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>treaty parties<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>LISTED \u00b7 NOT READ<\/td><td>Turkish Straits<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate Law of T\u00fcrkiye, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Turkish institutions<\/td><td>T\u00fcrkiye<\/td><td>LISTED \u00b7 NOT READ<\/td><td>targets and trading<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Changed since 2024<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Russia submitted a 2035 target of 65 to 67% of 1990 levels including land use on 29 September 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Climate Law was passed in 2025 and its trading system has a pilot phase set for the third quarter of 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The WMO State of the Climate in Asia 2025 was published on 17 June 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">To watch in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>The pilot phase of the Turkish trading system<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Implementation of the Russian 2035 target<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The status of T\u00fcrkiye under the transboundary water convention<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Status is read from the issuing body on the retrieval date. A change in status opens a review task for every finding that relies on the instrument.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.8<\/span><span>Risk Academy reading: literature and evidence review: science and assessments<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The review behind this edition covers peer-reviewed science, regional and international assessments and the institutional reports that bind its findings. Full systematic reviews begin in Q1 2027 for each agenda item.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Review protocol<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Question<\/dt><dd>What does the published evidence establish about Eurasia\u2019s coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity risks across its member countries?<\/dd><dt>Sources searched<\/dt><dd>peer-reviewed literature; regional and international assessments; official releases; statutory instruments<\/dd><dt>Window<\/dt><dd>releases available at evidence close, 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Selection<\/dt><dd>sources that bind or contextualise a finding in this edition<\/dd><dt>Next step<\/dt><dd>systematic reviews for agenda items A-01 to A-05 in Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Science and assessments<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Zscheischler et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n47\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r47\" aria-label=\"Note 47\">47<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>compound events<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rantanen et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>Arctic warming<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>McElwee et al. (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n49\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r49\" aria-label=\"Note 49\">49<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>nexus interlinkages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>State of the Climate in Asia 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>agency assessment<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>regional warming<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>European State of the Climate 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>agency assessment<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>forcing<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Institutional reports<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>European State of the Climate 2025: temperature, precipitation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Copernicus and WMO<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>heat, drought<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>European State of the Climate 2025: soil, rivers, fire<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Copernicus and WMO<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>drought, fire<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>State of the Climate in Asia 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>WMO<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>Asian region<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Key events 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Copernicus and WMO<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>heat record<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat stress and deaths<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Copernicus and WMO<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>heat<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Official statistics and regional sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Population, age, economy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Emissions, land, water<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>climate, water<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cereals, air quality, health<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>food, health<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Economic outlook<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IMF<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>finance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population estimates<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Rosstat and TurkStat, as reported<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Industry, grid and international sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Electricity data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Ember<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>power mix<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gas deliveries<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Turkish regulator, as reported<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>gas link<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reservoir levels<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Istanbul water administration, as reported<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>urban water<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate policy pages<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Climate Action Tracker<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>targets<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> damage<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>hazard loss<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where the evidence agrees<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Heat, drought and fire records are rising across the region<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Compound and sequential hazards load services together<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n47\" aria-label=\"Note 47\">47<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Both members depend on gas, in opposite positions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where it is unsettled<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>How far national inventory totals differ from international series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How large the Russian land-use sink is<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How many heat deaths occur in each member<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEWS AND PREPRINTS<\/p><p>Four findings and one tile rest on news reports that relay figures from a named agency; each is marked in its reference. No preprint binds a finding. News is otherwise used only to date events; preprints used from Q1 2027 will be flagged as not peer-reviewed.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> damage in T\u00fcrkiye estimated to exceed $34 billion: World Bank disaster assessment report (press release of 27 February 2023 on the Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation report). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: United Nations Treaty Collection (ed.), Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes, Helsinki, 17 March 1992 (status of ratification as at 3 November 2026). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNFCCC secretariat (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a> (2015), taken from memory. United Nations, Bonn. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 44\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UN Office for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, taken from memory. UNDRR, Geneva. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 45\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, taken from memory. CBD, Montreal. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 46\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution (Bucharest, 1992), taken from memory; the Commission web address returned unrelated content and was not used. Black Sea Commission. Observation year 1992. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention regarding the Regime of the Straits (Montreux, 1936), taken from memory. League of Nations Treaty Series. Observation year 1936. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Grand National Assembly of T\u00fcrkiye (ed.), Climate Law (\u0130klim Kanunu), adopted 2 July 2025 (date taken from a search-result summary; the text was not read). Official Gazette, Ankara. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), Russian Federation (country assessment page: 2035 target, net zero target, land-use sink and renewable target). Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye (country assessment page: net zero target, emissions trading system, electricity and renewable targets). Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/energy-nexus\/\" data-tal=\"Energy Nexus\">Extreme heat<\/a> and rainfall, glacier loss and record ocean heat impact Asia in 2025 (press release on the State of the Climate in Asia 2025), Paro, 17 June 2026. WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: J. Zscheischler et al., Future climate risk from compound events, Nature <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a>, 2018, taken from memory. Springer Nature. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r47\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 47\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: M. Rantanen et al., The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979, Communications Earth &amp; Environment, 2022, taken from memory. Springer Nature. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n49\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">49<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: P. McElwee et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health (nexus assessment), IPBES, 2024, taken from memory. IPBES secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r49\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 49\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2024 (publication page and key messages, 23 June 2025). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Temperature. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Precipitation. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Soil moisture. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section River flow and flooding. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Wildfires. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, Key events overview. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Thermal stress. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SP.POP.TOTL, Population, total (T\u00fcrkiye and Russian Federation), data API, update of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, population ages 0-14 and 65 and above, and urban population, as a share of the total (T\u00fcrkiye and Russian Federation), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, GDP (current US$) and GDP per capita (current US$) (T\u00fcrkiye and Russian Federation), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, total greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide and methane emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e, AR5 basis; EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5, EN.GHG.CO2.MT.CE.AR5, EN.GHG.CH4.MT.CE.AR5), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, renewable internal freshwater resources per capita, annual freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources, and withdrawals by agriculture, data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, forest area, agricultural land, and terrestrial protected areas as a share of land area, data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, cereal production (metric tons) and cereal yield (AG.PRD.CREL.MT, AG.YLD.CREL.KG), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, life expectancy at birth, under-5 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 mortality-rate\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The number of deaths in a population over a period relative to its size.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">mortality rate<\/a> and current health expenditure as a share of GDP, data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: International Monetary Fund (ed.), World Economic Outlook DataMapper, real GDP growth, consumer price inflation, general government gross debt, current account balance and unemployment (T\u00fcrkiye and Russian Federation), data API, values as served on 2026-11-03; years after 2025 are IMF projections. IMF, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>TASS (ed.), Russian population stands at 146 mln as of January 1, 2025 (news report of the preliminary estimate of the Federal State Statistics Service, Rosstat, 31 January 2025). TASS, Moscow. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat, T\u00dc\u0130K) (ed.), Address Based Population Registration System Results 2025 (bulletin of 9 February 2026; the page returned an error and the figure 86,092,168 was taken from a search-result summary). TurkStat, Ankara. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Yearly electricity data, generation by source, capacity and emissions intensity (T\u00fcrkiye and Russia), release file of generation outputs. Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>TASS (ed.), Russia increases pipeline gas supplies to Turkey by 28% in 1H 2025 (news report compiled from Turkish energy regulator data, 28 August 2025). TASS, Moscow. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), Istanbul dam levels drop below 20% amid worsening drought (news report on figures of the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration, 21 November 2025). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, net energy imports as a share of energy use (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS) and energy use per capita (EG.USE.PCAP.KG.OE), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat, T\u00dc\u0130K) (ed.), Greenhouse Gas Emission Statistics 1990-2022 (558.3 Mt CO2e for 2022 taken from a search-result summary; the 1990-2024 bulletin returned no content). TurkStat, Ankara. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Russian Federation (ed.), National Inventory Report 2025 submission to the UNFCCC (land-use sink values as relayed by the Climate Action Tracker; the report itself was not read). UNFCCC secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-agenda\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/\">Eurasia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 7<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">The 2027 agenda<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Eight bounded questions open the 2027 Regional Agenda. Each comes from a baseline finding, names the initiative that will carry it and the first output due at the Q1 2027 cut.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>6 tables<\/span><span>3 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.1<\/span><span>Questions for the operational series<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How would a dry year load Turkish reservoirs, hydropower and gas supply, and what reaches Russian exports?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-EUA-CLI-01 \u00b7 dry-year compound stress; first output: dependency graph for the Marmara and Anatolian water and power chain.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How concentrated is gas supply between the two members and how resilient is the pipeline link?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-EUA-ENE-02 \u00b7 gas and power link; first output: flow and contract register for the two pipelines.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How do low rainfall and reservoirs reach cities, farming and cooling water?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-EUA-WAT-03 \u00b7 reservoirs and basins; first output: reservoir performance note for Istanbul.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How many deaths can be attributed to heat, by member and year?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-EUA-HLT-04 \u00b7 heat and health; first output: attribution baseline for both members.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How far do permafrost and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> change risk in the Russian north and Siberia?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-EUA-CLI-05 \u00b7 permafrost and fire; first output: exposure note for northern infrastructure.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">What is the condition of forests and the Black Sea, not only their extent?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-EUA-BIO-01 \u00b7 workstream; first output: condition indicator note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How exposed are grain output, trade and food access to concurrent drought and price shocks?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in Q1 2027; first output: scoping note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which capabilities have been tested in real events, and which are only documented?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">Regional capability register; first output: rung evidence for 15 functions.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.2<\/span><span>Portfolio proposed for the Q1 2027 alignment<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Six initiatives and one Universe mission candidate are proposed for the 2027 regional portfolio. They are programme objects, no partner, funder or member is attached to them in this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Objects proposed for the first operational quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Object<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-EUA-CLI-01<\/span><\/td><td>Dry-year compound stress: reservoirs, power and gas<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-EUA-ENE-02<\/span><\/td><td>Gas and power link between the members<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-02<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-EUA-WAT-03<\/span><\/td><td>Reservoirs and basins in dry years<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-03<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-EUA-HLT-04<\/span><\/td><td>Heat and health attribution<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-04<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-EUA-CLI-05<\/span><\/td><td>Permafrost and fire exposure in the north<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-05<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PRJ-EUA-CLI-01a<\/span><\/td><td>Marmara water and power dependency graph<\/td><td>Project<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MSN-EUA-2027-01<\/span><\/td><td>Dry year and Black Sea basin Universe mission<\/td><td>Mission<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.3<\/span><span>The pathway<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The Eurasia regional pathway is the route through which the Nexus operating system will read Eurasia as one region from 2027. At baseline the pathway is designed and its hubs are named in the series registry; its working arrangements are set from Q1 2027. This page states what exists today and what comes next, nothing more.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Foundries<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">continuous national evidence environments<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">PREPARED \u00b7 first sealed cuts in Q1 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Models and Portfolios<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">each country as a system of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANADA v0 ISSUED \u00b7 25 further national baselines<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Quarterly national reports<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">State &amp; Agenda, Evidence, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stress Test<\/a>, Annual<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE STAGE \u00b7 Q1 2027 opens the series<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Regional aggregation<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Eurasia as one of ten regional clusters<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">THIS EDITION \u00b7 annual regional cut from 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Global sector and strategic models<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">GS-01\u202615 \u00b7 SR-01\u202614 \u00b7 XT-01\u202620<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">49 PLANNED \u00b7 pilots: GS-01, SR-01, XT-01<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Universe<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">annual proving environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANDIDATE MISSION \u00b7 global mandate in 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Global Report<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">this series<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE ISSUED \u00b7 2027 annual edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Evidence and correction<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">one graph, many projections<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">OPEN \u00b7 first federation-wide correction cycle in 2027<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.4<\/span><span>Universe 2027: evidence pack for the regional candidate mission<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Mandate<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Core Build \u00b7 1 month<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Action \u00b7 1 week<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Evidence seal<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Portfolio correction<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Next mandate<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Universe 2027: evidence pack for the regional candidate mission<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Record<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Timing<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>F1<\/td><td>Annual mandate record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>after the Q2 2027 alignment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F2<\/td><td>Core Build record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>one month before the exercise<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F3<\/td><td>Exercise evidence<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>during the Action week<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F4<\/td><td>Decision packets<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>exercise state only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F5<\/td><td>Proof receipts<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>scoped to each recorded check<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F6<\/td><td>After-action report<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>within one quarter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F7<\/td><td>Upgrade docket<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>routed to the Portfolio<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F8<\/td><td>Portfolio renewal<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>2027 regional annual edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F9<\/td><td>Public synthesis<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>public-safe extracts only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Mission<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>ID<\/dt><dd>MSN-EUA-2027-01 \u00b7 Dry year and Black Sea basin Universe mission<\/dd><dt>Role spine<\/dt><dd>Leadership sponsor (NLC) \u00b7 Institutional anchor (NNC) \u00b7 Mission lead (NWG)<\/dd><dt>Receiving actors<\/dt><dd>to be identified with the mandate<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Simulation success is not deployment approval; demonstration is not certification; finance readiness is not financing secured.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.5<\/span><span>Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Where the baseline\u2019s findings go next. A handoff routes a finding for awareness, review or work; it transfers no authority.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Finding<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Routed to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Purpose<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CLI-001 \u00b7 emissions<\/td><td>public record<\/td><td>reference for the 2027 series<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CLI-002 \u00b7 drought 2025<\/td><td>INI-EUA-CLI-01<\/td><td>dry-year compound graph<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ENE-004 \u00b7 Turkish mix<\/td><td>INI-EUA-ENE-02<\/td><td>gas and power link<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ENE-006 \u00b7 import position<\/td><td>INI-EUA-ENE-02<\/td><td>gas contract and flow register<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WAT-007 \u00b7 Istanbul reservoirs<\/td><td>INI-EUA-WAT-03<\/td><td>reservoir performance note<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HLT-010 \u00b7 air and age profile<\/td><td>INI-EUA-HLT-04<\/td><td>heat and health attribution<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>BIO-011 \u00b7 forests and fire<\/td><td>INI-EUA-BIO-01<\/td><td>condition indicator<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SYS-012 \u00b7 compound pathway<\/td><td>MSN-EUA-2027-01<\/td><td>Universe candidate<\/td><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Routing rules by publication class<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Where it goes<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Who can see it<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>PUBLIC<\/td><td>the published edition and its evidence bundle<\/td><td>anyone<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><td>governed rooms of the federation<\/td><td>consortium members under agreement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONTROLLED<\/td><td>need-to-know channels<\/td><td>named competent actors only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Handoffs carry findings to Nexus programme objects and steward reviews. States and organisations receive public editions as published; nothing here instructs them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.6<\/span><span>Feeds and signal register<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Feeds watched from Q1 2027<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Feed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Producer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Latency<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Feeds into<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Copernicus climate and river-flow records<\/td><td>Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service<\/td><td>monthly<\/td><td>CLI and WAT findings<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity generation<\/td><td>Ember<\/td><td>monthly and yearly<\/td><td>ENE-004, ENE-005<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reservoir levels<\/td><td>Istanbul water administration<\/td><td>daily<\/td><td>WAT-007<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population and economy<\/td><td>World Bank and IMF<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Greenhouse gas inventories<\/td><td>national submissions and international series<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI-001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gas deliveries<\/td><td>Turkish regulator<\/td><td>monthly<\/td><td>ENE-006<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cereal output<\/td><td>national statistics and World Bank<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FOO-009<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Escalation routes<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">none \u00b7 keep monitoring<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">research question<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">project<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">risk object<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">quarterly publication<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">signal report<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Signals at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Signal<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Corroboration<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>SIG-EUA-001<\/td><td>Driest year for T\u00fcrkiye in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 WAT<\/td><td>risk object RSK-EUA-CLI-001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-EUA-002<\/td><td>Hydropower fall in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>WAT \u00b7 ENE<\/td><td>research question A-03<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-EUA-003<\/td><td>Istanbul reservoirs in November 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>WAT \u00b7 CLI<\/td><td>research question A-03<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A signal is not a warning. Signal records never substitute for official alerting or early-warning authorities, and they bypass no publication control.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Precipitation. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Yearly electricity data, generation by source, capacity and emissions intensity (T\u00fcrkiye and Russia), release file of generation outputs. Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), Istanbul dam levels drop below 20% amid worsening drought (news report on figures of the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration, 21 November 2025). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c7-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-systems-in-depth\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/\">Eurasia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 8<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems in depth<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">One section per system: its state at evidence close, its exposures and what the operational series will watch.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>5 tables<\/span><span>15 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.1<\/span><span>Member countries: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The two member countries named in the series registry, read side by side on the same indicators. No union or bloc shares the region code in the registry, so there is no reference group on this page.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">3,155<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>combined emissions excluding land use, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">229.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>combined population, 2025 (ESTIMATED sum of<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>)<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">56.7 \u00b7 64.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>fossil share of electricity, T\u00fcrkiye \u00b7 Russia, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Member system cards at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Member<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>T\u00fcrkiye<\/td><td>population 85.9 million; emissions 579.5 Mt; renewables 43.3% and fossil 56.7% of electricity; net energy imports 70.1% of use; driest year since at least 1964; forests 29.5% of land<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Russian Federation<\/td><td>population 143.5 million; emissions 2,575.7 Mt; fossil 64.3%, nuclear 18.3% and hydropower 16.7% of electricity; net exporter of energy; forests 50.8% of land; cereal output 120.4 Mt<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings across members<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 ENE in T\u00fcrkiye through low rainfall, hydropower and gas<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 ENE through the pipelines that link the members<\/li><li>FOO \u2192 TRD as cereal output and trade move together<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 BIO as fire and heat reach forests in both members<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>national inventory totals for 2024<\/li><li>heat death and fire series by member<\/li><li>grain output for 2025<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>National inventory releases for both members, the 2026 summer record, and the Russian <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> total<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Each member keeps ownership of its own edition. This chapter compares indicators; it assesses no member and builds no league table.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.2<\/span><span>Shared basins and grids: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A shared sea, two pipelines and a strait carry risk between the members. This chapter names each system, the members involved and the evidence read at baseline. Rows without a source are designed empty states.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">bcm<\/span><p>Russian pipeline gas to T\u00fcrkiye, January to June 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">70.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>T\u00fcrkiye net energy imports, share of use, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">868.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million m\u00b3<\/span><p>Istanbul reservoir capacity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Shared basins and seas<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Basin<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Members involved<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Black Sea<\/td><td>T\u00fcrkiye and the Russian Federation; both are coastal states; water quality and fish stocks not read<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Turkish Straits<\/td><td>T\u00fcrkiye; the passage regime is set by a 1936 convention; traffic not bound<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Transboundary waters convention<\/td><td>Russia is listed as a party; T\u00fcrkiye is not listed in the status table of 3 November 2026<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reservoirs of the Marmara region<\/td><td>T\u00fcrkiye only; Istanbul at 20.29% on 21 November 2025; not a shared system<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Shared grids and gas networks<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Grid<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Members involved<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Gas pipelines<\/td><td>about 11 billion m\u00b3 of Russian pipeline gas reached T\u00fcrkiye in January to June 2025, up 28%; the half-year share of imports is not stated<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/td><td>generation is reported for each member; no cross-border flow between members is documented in the sources read<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nuclear generation<\/td><td>Russia generated 218.6 TWh in 2025; T\u00fcrkiye none; plant status not read<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gas storage<\/td><td>storage depth in both members not read<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dry-year analogue<\/td><td>hydropower fell 23% in T\u00fcrkiye in 2025 while gas generation rose 24% (ESTIMATED)<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings through shared systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 ENE low rainfall into hydropower and gas<\/li><li>TRD \u2192 ENE a gas route change into power cost<\/li><li>FOO \u2192 TRD cereal output into trade<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 FOO irrigation and reservoirs<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Black Sea water quality<\/li><li>Straits traffic<\/li><li>gas storage depth<\/li><li>cross-border electricity flows<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Monthly gas deliveries, winter rainfall and reservoir fill, and any change to the contracts that supply T\u00fcrkiye<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Basin bodies, regulators and companies hold these mandates. This chapter assesses none of them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.3<\/span><span>Hub list: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The hubs the series registry names for this region and for its member countries. The list is read from the registry, so a change there changes this page.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Registry<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Regional hubs<\/dt><dd>Istanbul<\/dd><dt>Desks with a remit<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 GRX<\/dd><dt>Registry record<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Member hubs as the registry names them<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Hub<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Member<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Registry role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Member edition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Istanbul<\/td><td>T\u00fcrkiye<\/td><td>G20 \u00b7 hub<\/td><td>in preparation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>not named in the registry<\/td><td>Russian Federation<\/td><td>G20<\/td><td>in preparation<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What a hub does in this series<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Hub terms of reference are not set at baseline<\/li><li>Hub contact points are not named at baseline<\/li><li>The registry names the hub and the desks with a remit; working arrangements follow from Q1 2027<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A hub is a place named in the registry. It is not an institution, an office or a mandate, and it gives no authority over any member.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.4<\/span><span>Regional pathway: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The regional pathway is the route through which the series will read Eurasia as one region from 2027. This page states what exists today and what comes next. It does not describe any body that has not been constituted.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The regional pathway at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Stage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What exists today<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Regional hub<\/td><td>Istanbul is named in the series registry for the region and for T\u00fcrkiye; none is named for the Russian Federation<\/td><td>NAMED<\/td><td>terms set from Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Desks<\/td><td>GCRI, GRF and GRX hold the remit for regional editions in the registry<\/td><td>NAMED<\/td><td>work plan for Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence graph<\/td><td>member and regional findings share identifiers<\/td><td>PREPARED<\/td><td>first sealed cut NQ-REG-EUA-2027-Q1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Member editions<\/td><td>T\u00fcrkiye in preparation; Russian Federation in preparation<\/td><td>MIXED<\/td><td>review through the chain before release<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Open at baseline<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Constitution of any regional council or working group<\/li><li>Hub terms of reference and contact points<\/li><li>A hub for the Russian Federation, which the registry does not name<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Decisions that rest elsewhere<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Energy, water and health policy rest with national authorities<\/li><li>Gas contracts and pipeline operation rest with the companies and regulators concerned<\/li><li>No union or bloc shares the region code in the registry, so none is merged with Eurasia on code<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>The pathway is a design. It does not set priorities for a government and assesses no authority.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, total greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide and methane emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e, AR5 basis; EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5, EN.GHG.CO2.MT.CE.AR5, EN.GHG.CH4.MT.CE.AR5), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SP.POP.TOTL, Population, total (T\u00fcrkiye and Russian Federation), data API, update of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Yearly electricity data, generation by source, capacity and emissions intensity (T\u00fcrkiye and Russia), release file of generation outputs. Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, net energy imports as a share of energy use (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS) and energy use per capita (EG.USE.PCAP.KG.OE), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, forest area, agricultural land, and terrestrial protected areas as a share of land area, data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Precipitation. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, cereal production (metric tons) and cereal yield (AG.PRD.CREL.MT, AG.YLD.CREL.KG), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat, T\u00dc\u0130K) (ed.), Greenhouse Gas Emission Statistics 1990-2022 (558.3 Mt CO2e for 2022 taken from a search-result summary; the 1990-2024 bulletin returned no content). TurkStat, Ankara. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Moscow Times (ed.), Russia sees milder <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> season so far in 2025 but experts warn against complacency (official January to August burnt area of 4.5 million hectares taken from a search-result summary). Moscow Times. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Russian Federation (ed.), National Inventory Report 2025 submission to the UNFCCC (land-use sink values as relayed by the Climate Action Tracker; the report itself was not read). UNFCCC secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>TASS (ed.), Russia increases pipeline gas supplies to Turkey by 28% in 1H 2025 (news report compiled from Turkish energy regulator data, 28 August 2025). TASS, Moscow. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), Istanbul dam levels drop below 20% amid worsening drought (news report on figures of the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration, 21 November 2025). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution (Bucharest, 1992), taken from memory; the Commission web address returned unrelated content and was not used. Black Sea Commission. Observation year 1992. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention regarding the Regime of the Straits (Montreux, 1936), taken from memory. League of Nations Treaty Series. Observation year 1936. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: United Nations Treaty Collection (ed.), Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes, Helsinki, 17 March 1992 (status of ratification as at 3 November 2026). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-c8-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-methodology\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/\">Eurasia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex A<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Methodology<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">How the edition was made: methods, the model card, the evidence cut and its age, the acceptance record and the glossary.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>15 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>13 tables<\/span><span>23 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.1<\/span><span>Methods<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The regional baseline uses published values and four simple derivations. Each is shown in full so that any reader can reproduce it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Methods<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">No.<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Derivation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Calculation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Result<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>(1)<\/td><td>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s share of combined emissions excluding land use, 2024<\/td><td>579.51 \u00f7 (579.51 + 2,575.65)<\/td><td>18.4%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(2)<\/td><td>Russia\u2019s share of combined emissions excluding land use, 2024<\/td><td>2,575.65 \u00f7 (579.51 + 2,575.65)<\/td><td>81.6%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(3)<\/td><td>Emissions per person, 2024 (T\u00fcrkiye \u00b7 Russia)<\/td><td>579.51 \u00f7 85.88 \u00b7 2,575.65 \u00f7 143.51<\/td><td>6.7 \u00b7 17.9 t CO\u2082e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(4)<\/td><td>Change in Turkish hydropower, 2024 to 2025<\/td><td>(57.27 \u2212 74.57) \u00f7 74.57<\/td><td>\u221223.2%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(5)<\/td><td>Change in Turkish cereal output, 2023 to 2024<\/td><td>(39.02 \u2212 42.19) \u00f7 42.19<\/td><td>\u22127.5%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling strength scale (matrix and model card)<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Strength<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>STRONG<\/td><td>a disruption in the source system has historically changed the target system\u2019s service or output within one season, in more than one region<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MODERATE<\/td><td>an effect is documented but buffered or slower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEAK<\/td><td>an effect is plausible but not documented at regional scale<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Status grammar<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rule<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>value as issued by its source, with year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>reasoned from cited evidence; never a measurement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus analytical value with stated method<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>conditional on stated assumptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>structured editorial judgement awaiting evidence<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.2<\/span><span>Model card: Regional System Model v0<\/span><\/h2><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model ID<\/dt><dd>MDL-EUA-REGIONAL \u00b7 v0.1<\/dd><dt>Purpose<\/dt><dd>represent Eurasia as coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> across member countries, with forcing and transmission layers<\/dd><dt>Family<\/dt><dd>graph-based system of systems<\/dd><dt>Inputs<\/dt><dd>the cited sources of this edition; no proprietary data<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>expert-specified coupling strengths (STRONG \u00b7 MODERATE \u00b7 WEAK) from assessments and analogue events<\/dd><dt>Validation<\/dt><dd>none yet, first validation against federation evidence in 2027<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>qualitative; strengths are hypotheses, not measurements<\/dd><dt>Domain of validity<\/dt><dd>regional scale; not for national, basin or asset-level use<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>strength table and sources published in this edition<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">couplings<\/span><p>typed in v0<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strong<\/span><p>documented within one season<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">moderate<\/span><p>documented, buffered<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">weak<\/span><p>plausible, undocumented<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>framing the 2027 agenda; choosing which couplings to measure first; explaining the coupled reading of risk in Eurasia.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOT SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>quantitative loss estimates, country comparisons or rankings, operational decisions, or any claim about a specific asset.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">VERSIONING<\/p><p>Models are immutable by version. A change to any coupling, rule or weight produces v0.2 with its own card and correction note.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.3<\/span><span>The baseline evidence cut<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Every Nexus edition is published from a frozen evidence cut. The regional baseline cut is documentary: it pins the exact edition of every source cited. Federation cuts begin with the first national Foundry cuts in 2027.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Cut ID<\/dt><dd>NQ-REG-EUA-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Type<\/dt><dd>baseline documentary cut<\/dd><dt>Resolution policy<\/dt><dd>pinned \u00b7 as of 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Sources pinned<\/dt><dd>51 cited sources, each at the edition and access date in the references<\/dd><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>none at baseline, analytical values are stated with their method<\/dd><dt>Digest<\/dt><dd>computed at <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.hard-freeze\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"Air temperature falling well below freezing for hours, killing crops, bursting pipes and stopping water flow.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">freeze<\/a> and recorded in the publication record<\/dd><dt>Supersedes<\/dt><dd>nothing, first cut of the series<\/dd><dt>Superseded by<\/dt><dd>NQ-REG-EUA-2027-Q1-1 at the Q1 2027 close<\/dd><\/dl><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Lineage<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">source edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">pinned citation<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">finding<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">page<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">publication record<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">From the baseline cut to the federation cut<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Element<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2027 regional annual<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Sources<\/td><td>cited publications, pinned by edition<\/td><td>national, regional and sector cuts through one graph<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Analysis<\/td><td>stated methods and editorial estimates<\/td><td>typed analysis specifications<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Models<\/td><td>Regional System Model v0 specification<\/td><td>model runs with receipts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Findings<\/td><td>twelve baseline findings<\/td><td>findings re-bound to federation evidence<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Review<\/td><td>five passes scheduled<\/td><td>five passes on the exact digest<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.4<\/span><span>Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A 2026 edition rests on evidence observed in many different years. This page shows each time base, so that no single year label hides older evidence.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Observed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Released<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next release<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Population, World Bank<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Oct 2026 update<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rosstat population estimate<\/td><td>1 Jan 2025<\/td><td>Jan 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Greenhouse gases, World Bank<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>Oct 2026 update<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity, Ember<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>2026 release<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>European State of the Climate<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Apr 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>State of the Climate in Asia<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Jun 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Istanbul reservoirs<\/td><td>21 Nov 2025<\/td><td>Nov 2025<\/td><td>daily<\/td><td>daily<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Freshwater series, World Bank<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>Oct 2026 update<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> damage<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>Feb 2023<\/td><td>one-off<\/td><td>not repeated<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coverage by system at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Thinnest dimension<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Climate and hazards<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>heat deaths; Russian fire area<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>gas flows by route; Akkuyu status<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>basin series; Black Sea quality<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>cereal output for 2025; food access<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>heat mortality<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>habitat condition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>insured and uninsured losses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Digital<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>dependency mapping<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Designed empty states: what is not bound, what would fill it and why<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Field<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source that would fill it<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Blocker<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h75\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive.heat-illness-surge\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Climate-sensitive illness\" data-td=\"A rise in heatstroke, dehydration and heat-worsened heart, lung and kidney illness during hot spells, overwhelming emergency care and killing older and isolated people.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H75\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/health\/\" data-txl=\"Health and biosecurity\">Heat-related deaths<\/a>, T\u00fcrkiye and the Russian Federation, 2024 and 2025<\/td><td>national health ministries, statistics offices and heat-mortality studies<\/td><td>not found at evidence close; the Europe-wide estimate in<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup> does not split by member<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Wildfire<\/a> burnt area in Russia for the full year 2025<\/td><td>Federal Forestry Agency and the aerial forest protection service, Roshydromet<\/td><td>only a partial-year figure in a search-result summary<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup>; the page was not opened<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Wildfire<\/a> burnt area in T\u00fcrkiye for 2025 on a satellite basis<\/td><td>EFFIS burnt area statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup> and the General Directorate of Forestry<\/td><td>the portal loaded without data; the 80,000 hectares in<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup> is a partial-year expert tally<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u00fcrkiye national greenhouse gas total for 2024 on the inventory basis<\/td><td>TurkStat greenhouse gas bulletin<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the 1990 to 2024 bulletin returned no content; only a 2022 value was seen in a summary<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Russia national inventory total and land-use sink for the 2025 submission<\/td><td>Russian national inventory report to the UNFCCC<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>not read; the Climate Action Tracker page questions the size and revision of the sink<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s 2035 emissions level in absolute terms<\/td><td>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s nationally determined contribution to the UNFCCC and the ICAP summary<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the Climate Action Tracker page gives the target only against a business-as-usual path<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>; one summary gave 643 Mt CO\u2082e and was not opened<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cereal output for 2025, T\u00fcrkiye and Russia<\/td><td>TurkStat crop production and Rosstat grain harvest<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>preliminary and revised Russian totals disagree across reports (139.4 to 144.6 million tonnes); no Turkish release was read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Russia\u2019s share of T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s natural gas imports, full year 2025<\/td><td>Turkish energy regulator annual market report<\/td><td>the report was not read; the report in<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup> gives a half-year volume and no share<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Death toll of the February 2023 earthquakes in T\u00fcrkiye<\/td><td>national disaster and emergency management authority<\/td><td>the World Bank release in<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup> gives damage and displacement but no toll<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Insured and uninsured losses of the 2023 earthquakes<\/td><td>Turkish catastrophe insurance pool and reinsurers<\/td><td>not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Black Sea water quality, fish stocks and shipping through the Turkish Straits<\/td><td>the Black Sea convention secretariat<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup> and the Turkish maritime administration<\/td><td>the secretariat address returned unrelated content; no traffic series was retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h15\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.glacier.permafrost-thaw\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Glacier, ice-sheet and permafrost change\" data-td=\"Warming of frozen ground that weakens foundations, collapses slopes, releases greenhouse gases and reshapes drainage.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H15\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">Permafrost thaw<\/a> extent and exposed infrastructure in Russia<\/td><td>Roshydromet and Arctic assessment programmes<\/td><td>not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Annual mean temperature anomaly of each member for 2025 from its own weather service<\/td><td>General Directorate of Meteorology and Roshydromet<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the Russian report file could not be read; no Turkish annual climate report was found<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Status and generation of the Akkuyu nuclear plant<\/td><td>IAEA Power Reactor Information System<\/td><td>the system redirected and returned no data; Ember records no nuclear generation in T\u00fcrkiye in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability rungs: <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a>, reserves, response, recovery, social protection, infrastructure, workforce<\/td><td>civil protection agencies, weather services, utilities and ministries<\/td><td>not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.5<\/span><span>Evidence cards: two anchor sources<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the World Bank. Annual. Role: binds the population, emissions, energy, land, water, cereal, air quality and health figures. Series are harmonised and may differ from national releases.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-EUA-001<\/h3><p>World Development Indicators<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup> to<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup> to<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the Copernicus Climate Change Service and the World Meteorological Organization. Annual. Role: binds the 2025 forcing findings. Coverage of Russia and T\u00fcrkiye varies by section.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-EUA-002<\/h3><p>European State of the Climate 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup> to<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Quality dimensions at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Dimension<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-EUA-001<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-EUA-002<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Completeness<\/td><td>both members in the World Bank series; the European assessment names T\u00fcrkiye and western Russia in parts<\/td><td>T\u00fcrkiye and part of Russia<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Timeliness<\/td><td>about 12 months after the reference year<\/td><td>about 4 months after the reference year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Revision<\/td><td>harmonised series may be revised<\/td><td>annual cycle<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Method transparency<\/td><td>published methodology<\/td><td>published methodology<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>External validation<\/td><td>not assessed in this edition<\/td><td>not assessed in this edition<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence cards to follow in Q1 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>National inventories<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup> : land-use treatment on one basis<\/li><li>Regulator gas data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup> : flows by route and share of imports<\/li><li>Ministry and agency series : heat deaths, fires and reservoirs<\/li><li>Reports Foundational Edition<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n50\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r50\" aria-label=\"Note 50\">50<\/a><\/sup> and the global baseline<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup> : method and peer distributions<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.6<\/span><span>Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Editorial self-check at evidence close. Every applicable item carries a disposition; the remaining items are review, approval and deposit.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-tab9\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Group<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Area<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Items<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pass<\/th><th scope=\"col\">N\/A<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pending<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D1<\/td><td>Identity and scope<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>Source and data<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D3<\/td><td>Analysis and models<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D4<\/td><td>Findings and claims<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D5<\/td><td>Figures, tables, maps<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D6<\/td><td>Editorial and citations<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D7<\/td><td>Review and approval<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>13<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D8<\/td><td>Artefact and design<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D9<\/td><td>Registry and release<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication gate<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Conditions met<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close<\/dd><dt>Blocking problems<\/dt><dd>none recorded<\/dd><dt>Open conditions<\/dt><dd>reviews, approval of the exact digest, deposit, registry pointer<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Not applicable at baseline<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>first runs in Q1 2027<\/dd><dt>Maps<\/dt><dd>plates in Q2 2027<\/dd><dt>Waivers<\/dt><dd>none<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Dispositions are recorded item by item in the machine-readable checklist. A FAIL on any item blocks release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.7<\/span><span>Status words<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-tab10\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The status every value carries<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it means<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"positive\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Observed<\/span><\/td><td>Measured directly and published by the source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>Published statistics of an official or institutional source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Declared<\/span><\/td><td>Stated by the body concerned; not independently measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>A Nexus estimate from cited evidence, with its method in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Modelled<\/span><\/td><td>Produced by a stated model from cited inputs.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>Reasoned from cited evidence; not measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Forecast<\/span><\/td><td>A projection by the cited source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Simulated<\/span><\/td><td>A simulation result under stated assumptions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>A conditional statement under stated assumptions; never a prediction.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>Expert judgement, recorded with its basis.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><td>Proposed for a later edition; not yet evidence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Evidence-quality levels (EQL 1 to 5) grade the source behind a value; they are not a score of the subject.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.8<\/span><span>How the edition is made, released and corrected<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">Every edition is built from a sealed evidence cut, reviewed under three keys, signed and deposited before any site shows it as published; corrections go to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> as change proposals and feed the next cut.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Evidence arrives from the pillars<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Foundry seals observations and indicator series, Universe hands over after-action and scenario findings, and contributions are screened at every gateway, including this site&#8217;s.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 The cut is sealed<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">On the cut date the evidence is pinned under one identifier, so anyone can rebuild the edition from exactly what it was built on.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 The edition is assembled<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The edition is drafted from its template and content pack. Agents may draft; they never publish and never decide.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 The keys turn<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">At the publisher of record the truth key comes first: every value is checked against its source or stated method before the meaning and capital keys turn. No edition moves on until every key has been turned by a named steward.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 The gate opens<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A named approver releases one exact digest of the edition; any change after this point is a new version, never a silent edit.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Signed and deposited<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The PDF, the web edition and the data bundle are signed together with a manifest and an RO-Crate description, and deposited on Zenodo with a concept and a version DOI.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">07 Published on its desk&#8217;s site<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Only then does the edition show as published on its desk&#8217;s Reports site, and the Collection lists it as a part.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">08 Corrections go to Standards<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Method and correction findings go to Nexus Standards as change proposals; citations, corrections and new contributions feed the next evidence cut.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of the process, not a forecast and not a record of any run; dates and counts on this page come from the programme record. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/governance\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Reports governance at GCRI Canada<\/a> (2026); Zenodo, repository of record for Reports deposits (2026).<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">Lifecycle, one state at a time: Draft, Computed, Evidence bound, Reviewed, Approved for release, Published, Corrected, Superseded. This edition is a draft.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.9<\/span><span>Glossary and abbreviations<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-tab11\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Series terms<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Baseline Edition<\/td><td>the inaugural annual edition that fixes the reference state for the series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEFH+B<\/td><td>water, energy, food, health and biodiversity, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/governance-in-operation\/national-nexus\" data-tc=\"National Nexus\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The national model: the NNC, the NLC and the NWG as its three participation pillars, with the National Desk, Model and Portfolio and the NSC as the standards function of the NNC (OR-13)\">national nexus<\/a> core<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coupling<\/td><td>a typed dependency through which one system transmits to another<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">Protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>the share of losses not covered by insurance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability ladder<\/td><td>LISTED \u2192 EXISTS \u2192 ADEQUATE \u2192 TESTED \u2192 DEMONSTRATED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EQL<\/td><td>evidence-quality level, 1\u20135<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence cut<\/td><td>a frozen resolution of exact sources and versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NNC \u00b7 NLC \u00b7 NWG<\/td><td>National Nexus Consortium \u00b7 National Leadership Council \u00b7 National Working Groups<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-tab12\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.12<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Abbreviations used in this edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Abbreviation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Expansion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>AR5<\/td><td>IPCC Fifth Assessment Report<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>bcm<\/td><td>billion cubic metres<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>C3S<\/td><td>Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CBD<\/td><td>Convention on Biological Diversity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ECMWF<\/td><td>European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IMF<\/td><td>International Monetary Fund<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LULUCF<\/td><td>land use, land-use change and forestry<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PM2.5<\/td><td>fine particles of 2.5 micrometres or less<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rosstat<\/td><td>Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Roshydromet<\/td><td>Russian hydrometeorological service<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>TurkStat<\/td><td>Turkish Statistical Institute<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UNECE<\/td><td>United Nations Economic Commission for Europe<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UNFCCC<\/td><td>United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WDI<\/td><td>World Development Indicators<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WMO<\/td><td>World Meteorological Organization<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.10<\/span><span>Technical annex<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-tab13\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.13<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Technical annex<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Annex<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contents<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A.1<\/td><td>Indicator definitions<\/td><td>the regional indicator set, with units and sources<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.2<\/td><td>Coupling strengths<\/td><td>the twenty-cell matrix and its rationale<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.3<\/td><td>Scenario specification<\/td><td>SCN-EUA-DRY-01 assumptions and signposts<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.4<\/td><td>Capability placements<\/td><td>rung evidence for fifteen functions<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.5<\/td><td>Model diagnostics<\/td><td>first runs and validation<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.6<\/td><td>Sensitivity analyses<\/td><td>influence of coupling strengths<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.7<\/td><td>Member-country notes<\/td><td>atlas cards for every member country<\/td><td>Q2 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.8<\/td><td>Review statements<\/td><td>pass-by-pass review record<\/td><td>AT RELEASE<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">A.1 \u00b7 indicator definition: emissions excluding land use<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Construct<\/dt><dd>annual greenhouse gas emissions without land use, land-use change and forestry<\/dd><dt>Unit<\/dt><dd>Mt CO\u2082e, AR5 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 global-warming\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The rise in global average surface temperature relative to a pre-industrial baseline, the headline indicator of human-driven climate change.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">global warming<\/a> potentials<\/dd><dt>Scope<\/dt><dd>calendar year<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>World Bank World Development Indicators<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Revision<\/dt><dd>revised by the issuer; not tracked here<\/dd><dt>Known limits<\/dt><dd>differs from national inventories, which include land use and use their own methods<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Annexes carry the same evidence, review and correction rules as the chapters and are versioned with the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Thermal stress. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Moscow Times (ed.), Russia sees milder <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> season so far in 2025 but experts warn against complacency (official January to August burnt area of 4.5 million hectares taken from a search-result summary). Moscow Times. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: European <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Forest Fire<\/a> Information System (EFFIS) (ed.), burnt area statistics for T\u00fcrkiye, 2025 (about 49,652 hectares by early July, taken from a search-result summary; the portal loaded without data). Joint Research Centre, Ispra. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), 2025 forest fires reach second-highest burned area in T\u00fcrkiye (news report of 8 October 2025 citing a forestry academic at Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa, with Anadolu Agency). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat, T\u00dc\u0130K) (ed.), Greenhouse Gas Emission Statistics 1990-2022 (558.3 Mt CO2e for 2022 taken from a search-result summary; the 1990-2024 bulletin returned no content). TurkStat, Ankara. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Russian Federation (ed.), National Inventory Report 2025 submission to the UNFCCC (land-use sink values as relayed by the Climate Action Tracker; the report itself was not read). UNFCCC secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), Russian Federation (country assessment page: 2035 target, net zero target, land-use sink and renewable target). Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Carbon Action Partnership (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye emissions trading system and second nationally determined contribution (2035 level of 643 Mt CO2e taken from a search-result summary). ICAP, Berlin. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye (country assessment page: net zero target, emissions trading system, electricity and renewable targets). Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation (Rosstat) (ed.), grain and legume harvest 2025 (preliminary and revised totals reported by several outlets, 139.4 to 144.6 million tonnes, which disagree; taken from search-result summaries). Rosstat, Moscow. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>TASS (ed.), Russia increases pipeline gas supplies to Turkey by 28% in 1H 2025 (news report compiled from Turkish energy regulator data, 28 August 2025). TASS, Moscow. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> damage in T\u00fcrkiye estimated to exceed $34 billion: World Bank disaster assessment report (press release of 27 February 2023 on the Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation report). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution (Bucharest, 1992), taken from memory; the Commission web address returned unrelated content and was not used. Black Sea Commission. Observation year 1992. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Moscow Times (ed.), 2025 was Russia\u2019s second warmest year on record (report on the annual climate report of the Russian hydrometeorological service, Roshydromet; anomaly of 1.24 \u00b0C taken from a search-result summary; the file could not be read). Moscow Times. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Yearly electricity data, generation by source, capacity and emissions intensity (T\u00fcrkiye and Russia), release file of generation outputs. Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SP.POP.TOTL, Population, total (T\u00fcrkiye and Russian Federation), data API, update of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, GDP (current US$) and GDP per capita (current US$) (T\u00fcrkiye and Russian Federation), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, total greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide and methane emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e, AR5 basis; EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5, EN.GHG.CO2.MT.CE.AR5, EN.GHG.CH4.MT.CE.AR5), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, net energy imports as a share of energy use (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS) and energy use per capita (EG.USE.PCAP.KG.OE), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, employment in agriculture, agriculture value added as a share of GDP, and Gini index, data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Temperature. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n50\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">50<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports: The Foundational Edition, Volumes I and II. Reports series, Edition 2026-2030, V1.0. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r50\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 50\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition (draft pack used as the structural base by the generator; not read in this drafting step). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-ca-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-data\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/\">Eurasia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex B<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Data appendix<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>12 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>7 tables<\/span><span>32 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.1<\/span><span>The indicator set<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Baseline indicator set<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>T\u00fcrkiye population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">85.9<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Russian Federation population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">143.5<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u00fcrkiye GDP<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1,597<\/span><\/td><td>US$ bn<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Russian Federation GDP<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">2,561<\/span><\/td><td>US$ bn<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u00fcrkiye emissions excluding land use<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">579.5<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Russian Federation emissions excluding land use<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">2,575.7<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Russia\u2019s share of combined emissions<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">81.6<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u00fcrkiye fossil share of electricity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">56.7<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Russian Federation fossil share of electricity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">64.3<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u00fcrkiye net energy imports, share of use<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">70.1<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Russian pipeline gas to T\u00fcrkiye, January to June<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">11<\/span><\/td><td>billion m\u00b3<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u00fcrkiye water-year rainfall against 1991\u20132020<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u221226.3<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Istanbul reservoirs, share of capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">20.29<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>21 Nov 2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u00fcrkiye cereal production<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">39.0<\/span><\/td><td>Mt<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Russian Federation cereal production<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">120.4<\/span><\/td><td>Mt<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Direct damage of the 2023 earthquakes<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">34.2<\/span><\/td><td>US$ bn<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat-linked deaths<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>deaths<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cereal production 2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>tonnes<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Russia\u2019s share of Turkish gas imports<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Russian burnt area 2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>hectares<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-actions nrp-noprint\"><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:text\/csv;charset=utf-8,Indicator%2CValue%2CUnit%2CYear%2CState%2CSource%0AT%C3%BCrkiye%20population%2C85.9%2Cmillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0ARussian%20Federation%20population%2C143.5%2Cmillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0AT%C3%BCrkiye%20GDP%2C%221%2C597%22%2CUS%24%20bn%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B3%5D%0ARussian%20Federation%20GDP%2C%222%2C561%22%2CUS%24%20bn%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B3%5D%0AT%C3%BCrkiye%20emissions%20excluding%20land%20use%2C579.5%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B5%5D%0ARussian%20Federation%20emissions%20excluding%20land%20use%2C%222%2C575.7%22%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B5%5D%0ARussia%E2%80%99s%20share%20of%20combined%20emissions%2C81.6%2C%25%2C2024%2CESTIMATED%2C%5B5%5D%0AT%C3%BCrkiye%20fossil%20share%20of%20electricity%2C56.7%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B6%5D%0ARussian%20Federation%20fossil%20share%20of%20electricity%2C64.3%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B6%5D%0A%22T%C3%BCrkiye%20net%20energy%20imports%2C%20share%20of%20use%22%2C70.1%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B7%5D%0A%22Russian%20pipeline%20gas%20to%20T%C3%BCrkiye%2C%20January%20to%20June%22%2C11%2Cbillion%20m%C2%B3%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B29%5D%0AT%C3%BCrkiye%20water-year%20rainfall%20against%201991%E2%80%932020%2C%E2%88%9226.3%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B25%5D%0A%22Istanbul%20reservoirs%2C%20share%20of%20capacity%22%2C20.29%2C%25%2C21%20Nov%202025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B26%5D%0AT%C3%BCrkiye%20cereal%20production%2C39.0%2CMt%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B10%5D%0ARussian%20Federation%20cereal%20production%2C120.4%2CMt%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B10%5D%0ADirect%20damage%20of%20the%202023%20earthquakes%2C34.2%2CUS%24%20bn%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B30%5D%0AHeat-linked%20deaths%2CNot%20bound%2Cdeaths%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B20%5D%0ACereal%20production%202025%2CNot%20bound%2Ctonnes%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B38%5D%0ARussia%E2%80%99s%20share%20of%20Turkish%20gas%20imports%2CNot%20bound%2C%25%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B29%5D%0ARussian%20burnt%20area%202025%2CNot%20bound%2Chectares%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B36%5D%0A\" download=\"NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-indicators.csv\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, CSV<\/a><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:application\/json;charset=utf-8,%7B%0A%20%22edition%22%3A%20%22NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE%22%2C%0A%20%22title%22%3A%20%22Eurasia%20Regional%20Systems%20Risk%20and%20Resilience%20Report%202026%3A%20Baseline%20Edition%2C%20The%20State%20of%20Eurasia%E2%80%99s%20Interdependent%20Systems.%22%2C%0A%20%22status%22%3A%20%22Draft%20under%20stewardship%20review%3B%20not%20yet%20released%22%2C%0A%20%22licence%22%3A%20%22CC-BY-4.0%20for%20the%20edition%20table%3B%20each%20value%20keeps%20its%20source's%20licence%22%2C%0A%20%22columns%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%22Indicator%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Value%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Unit%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Year%22%2C%0A%20%20%22State%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Source%22%0A%20%5D%2C%0A%20%22rows%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22T%C3%BCrkiye%20population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2285.9%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Russian%20Federation%20population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22143.5%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22T%C3%BCrkiye%20GDP%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%2C597%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22US%24%20bn%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B3%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Russian%20Federation%20GDP%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222%2C561%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22US%24%20bn%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B3%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22T%C3%BCrkiye%20emissions%20excluding%20land%20use%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22579.5%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B5%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Russian%20Federation%20emissions%20excluding%20land%20use%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222%2C575.7%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B5%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Russia%E2%80%99s%20share%20of%20combined%20emissions%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2281.6%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22ESTIMATED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B5%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22T%C3%BCrkiye%20fossil%20share%20of%20electricity%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2256.7%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B6%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Russian%20Federation%20fossil%20share%20of%20electricity%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2264.3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B6%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22T%C3%BCrkiye%20net%20energy%20imports%2C%20share%20of%20use%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2270.1%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B7%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Russian%20pipeline%20gas%20to%20T%C3%BCrkiye%2C%20January%20to%20June%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2211%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22billion%20m%C2%B3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B29%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22T%C3%BCrkiye%20water-year%20rainfall%20against%201991%E2%80%932020%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%88%9226.3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B25%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Istanbul%20reservoirs%2C%20share%20of%20capacity%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2220.29%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2221%20Nov%202025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B26%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22T%C3%BCrkiye%20cereal%20production%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2239.0%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B10%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Russian%20Federation%20cereal%20production%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22120.4%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B10%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Direct%20damage%20of%20the%202023%20earthquakes%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2234.2%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22US%24%20bn%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B30%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Heat-linked%20deaths%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22deaths%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B20%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Cereal%20production%202025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22tonnes%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B38%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Russia%E2%80%99s%20share%20of%20Turkish%20gas%20imports%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B29%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Russian%20burnt%20area%202025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22hectares%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B36%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%0A%20%5D%0A%7D\" download=\"NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-indicators.json\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, JSON<\/a><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOTES<\/p><p>Percentage shares are Nexus arithmetic and are labelled ESTIMATED; the method is in the technical layer. Rows marked NOT BOUND name the source that would fill them. Populations are World Bank values and differ from national counts, which use their own coverage. Emissions are on the World Bank excluding-land-use basis and differ from national inventories. A machine-readable copy of this table is published with the evidence bundle at release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.2<\/span><span>Regional source register<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Domains bound by the register<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">WAT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ENE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FOO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">HLT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">BIO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">CLI<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">INF<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FIN<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">TRD<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">MIN<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional source register<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Category<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Period<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Population<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international series and national estimates<\/td><td>both members<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Economy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international series<\/td><td>both members<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Greenhouse gases<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international series and inventories<\/td><td>both members<\/td><td>2022\u20132024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity and energy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international series and regulator data<\/td><td>both members<\/td><td>2024\u20132025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>ENE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>European State of the Climate<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup> to<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>agency assessment<\/td><td>region<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI, WAT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international series and news reports of agency data<\/td><td>both members<\/td><td>2022\u20132025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>WAT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food and land<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international series<\/td><td>both members<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FOO, BIO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international series<\/td><td>both members<\/td><td>2023\u20132024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>HLT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Policy pages<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>independent tracker<\/td><td>both members<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> damage<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank assessment<\/td><td>T\u00fcrkiye<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>one-off<\/td><td>INF<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FIXTURE PROHIBITION<\/p><p>No demonstration or reference-cartographic fixture is used as evidence in this edition. The publication gate checks every binding against this register.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.3<\/span><span>Regional reading: Eurasia by member country<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Map plates for every member country follow in Q2 2027, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form for the 2 member countries named in the series registry.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Population and emissions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/h3><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">85.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>T\u00fcrkiye<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">143.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Russian Federation<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">579.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>T\u00fcrkiye emissions<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2,575.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>Russian emissions<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional reading: Eurasia by member country<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Member<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Principal hazards<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems most exposed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>T\u00fcrkiye<\/td><td>drought in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup>; heat of 50.5 \u00b0C<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup>; earthquakes in 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>water, energy, infrastructure<\/td><td>population 85.9 million; emissions 579.5 Mt; fossil 56.7% of electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Russian Federation<\/td><td>warm anomalies up to 2.5 \u00b0C in the west<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>; cereal output down in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>; national edition in preparation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n51\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r51\" aria-label=\"Note 51\">51<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>energy, food, climate<\/td><td>population 143.5 million; emissions 2,575.7 Mt; fossil 64.3% of electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Regional readings summarise the cited evidence. They are not risk ratings of any member country.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.4<\/span><span>Atlas card: Black Sea basin<\/span><\/h2><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">sea basin<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">shared coast and straits<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">pipelines and trade<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">members: T\u00fcrkiye, Russian Federation<\/li><\/ul><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Systems in view<\/dt><dd>water, energy, food and freight<\/dd><dt>Defining instruments<\/dt><dd>Bucharest Convention<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup>; Montreux Convention<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup>; the water convention lists Russia and not T\u00fcrkiye<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Couplings<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 FOO \u2192 TRD; TRD \u2192 ENE \u2192 FIN<\/dd><dt>Capability evidence<\/dt><dd>an international sea convention exists<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup>; performance not bound<\/dd><dt>Gaps<\/dt><dd>water quality, fish stocks, Straits traffic, grain trade flows<\/dd><dt>Agenda items<\/dt><dd>A-03 \u00b7 A-07<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Both members have a Black Sea coast. The convention texts were not opened and water-quality series are not bound [42].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">WATER<\/h3><p>A shared sea<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Passage is governed by a 1936 convention, listed from memory [43]. Source: Turkish maritime administration. Blocker: no traffic series retrieved.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">TRADE<\/h3><p>The Turkish Straits<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Pipeline gas from Russia to T\u00fcrkiye was about 11 billion m\u00b3 in January to June 2025, up 28% on the year [29].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">ENERGY<\/h3><p>Two gas pipelines<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Atlas cards are generated for each member country from Q2 2027 with consistent fields and evidence-age labels. The Black Sea basin is shown first because it holds the clearest shared coupling between the two members.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.5<\/span><span>Eurasia system card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The card through which Eurasia appears in the global edition and in the sector series. It summarises; it does not rank.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Eurasia system card<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline state<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>rainfall 26.3% below average in T\u00fcrkiye in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup>; Istanbul reservoirs 20.29% in November<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>low rainfall into energy and farming<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>fossil 56.7% (T\u00fcrkiye) and 64.3% (Russia) of electricity in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>import dependence and the gas link<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>cereal output 39.0 and 120.4 Mt in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>drought and heat<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>PM2.5 26.4 and 11.6 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 in 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat load on services<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>forest 29.5% and 50.8% of land in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>condition not bound<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Context<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Archetype<\/dt><dd>two unequal members meeting across a sea and two pipelines<\/dd><dt>Population<\/dt><dd>85.9 million in T\u00fcrkiye and 143.5 million in the Russian Federation, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Trade<\/dt><dd>pipeline gas to T\u00fcrkiye about 11 billion m\u00b3 in January to June 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Hazard<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> damage of US$34.2 billion in 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup>; drought in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The member editions (T\u00fcrkiye, Russian Federation) and this regional edition share finding identifiers where they read the same evidence, so a correction travels to every edition at once.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">MEMBER EDITIONS<\/h3><p>Same findings, same IDs<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Eurasia evidence enters the water, energy, food, finance and climate sector reports through the same finding identifiers.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES<\/h3><p>Regional evidence, sector reports<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">In the global edition Eurasia is read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL FLAGSHIP<\/h3><p>Peers, not ranks<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>External rankings, where cited, keep their own method and source. Nexus never converts them into a rating, and each member\u2019s ownership of its own edition is unaffected.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.6<\/span><span>Licences<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Licences of each kind of material<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Material<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Text<\/td><td>CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data<\/td><td>on the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td>Nexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maps<\/td><td>boundary source and licence printed on each plate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Metadata<\/td><td>CC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Third-party data, figures and text<\/td><td>The source&#8217;s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.7<\/span><span>Formats and provenance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">This edition in every format<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Format<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it is<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Web edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>Draft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Print edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indicator data<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CSV \u00b7 JSON<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>20 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE data release v1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">SVG \u00b7 PNG<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIG-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-*<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slides<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No slide deck is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence brief<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML \u00b7 PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No evidence brief is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dataset with DOI<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DataCite<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>Concept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Provenance<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Edition pack<\/dt><dd>The edition&#8217;s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built<\/dd><dt>Evidence cut<\/dt><dd>NQ-REG-EUA-2026-Q0-1, closed 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters<\/dd><dt>Self-check<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release<\/dd><dt>Review<\/dt><dd>five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>GCRI for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Corrections<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SP.POP.TOTL, Population, total (T\u00fcrkiye and Russian Federation), data API, update of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, GDP (current US$) and GDP per capita (current US$) (T\u00fcrkiye and Russian Federation), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, total greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide and methane emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e, AR5 basis; EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5, EN.GHG.CO2.MT.CE.AR5, EN.GHG.CH4.MT.CE.AR5), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Yearly electricity data, generation by source, capacity and emissions intensity (T\u00fcrkiye and Russia), release file of generation outputs. Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, net energy imports as a share of energy use (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS) and energy use per capita (EG.USE.PCAP.KG.OE), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>TASS (ed.), Russia increases pipeline gas supplies to Turkey by 28% in 1H 2025 (news report compiled from Turkish energy regulator data, 28 August 2025). TASS, Moscow. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), Rainfall in T\u00fcrkiye falls to lowest level in decades in 2025 (news report of 29 December 2025 with data compiled by Anadolu Agency from the General Directorate of Meteorology, Meteoroloji Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), Istanbul dam levels drop below 20% amid worsening drought (news report on figures of the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration, 21 November 2025). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, cereal production (metric tons) and cereal yield (AG.PRD.CREL.MT, AG.YLD.CREL.KG), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> damage in T\u00fcrkiye estimated to exceed $34 billion: World Bank disaster assessment report (press release of 27 February 2023 on the Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation report). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Thermal stress. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation (Rosstat) (ed.), grain and legume harvest 2025 (preliminary and revised totals reported by several outlets, 139.4 to 144.6 million tonnes, which disagree; taken from search-result summaries). Rosstat, Moscow. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Moscow Times (ed.), Russia sees milder <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> season so far in 2025 but experts warn against complacency (official January to August burnt area of 4.5 million hectares taken from a search-result summary). Moscow Times. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, population ages 0-14 and 65 and above, and urban population, as a share of the total (T\u00fcrkiye and Russian Federation), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>TASS (ed.), Russian population stands at 146 mln as of January 1, 2025 (news report of the preliminary estimate of the Federal State Statistics Service, Rosstat, 31 January 2025). TASS, Moscow. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat, T\u00dc\u0130K) (ed.), Address Based Population Registration System Results 2025 (bulletin of 9 February 2026; the page returned an error and the figure 86,092,168 was taken from a search-result summary). TurkStat, Ankara. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: International Monetary Fund (ed.), World Economic Outlook DataMapper, real GDP growth, consumer price inflation, general government gross debt, current account balance and unemployment (T\u00fcrkiye and Russian Federation), data API, values as served on 2026-11-03; years after 2025 are IMF projections. IMF, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat, T\u00dc\u0130K) (ed.), Greenhouse Gas Emission Statistics 1990-2022 (558.3 Mt CO2e for 2022 taken from a search-result summary; the 1990-2024 bulletin returned no content). TurkStat, Ankara. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Russian Federation (ed.), National Inventory Report 2025 submission to the UNFCCC (land-use sink values as relayed by the Climate Action Tracker; the report itself was not read). UNFCCC secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Temperature. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, renewable internal freshwater resources per capita, annual freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources, and withdrawals by agriculture, data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, forest area, agricultural land, and terrestrial protected areas as a share of land area, data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, life expectancy at birth, under-5 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 mortality-rate\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The number of deaths in a population over a period relative to its size.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">mortality rate<\/a> and current health expenditure as a share of GDP, data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), Russian Federation (country assessment page: 2035 target, net zero target, land-use sink and renewable target). Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye (country assessment page: net zero target, emissions trading system, electricity and renewable targets). Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Precipitation. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, Key events overview. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n51\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">51<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Baseline Editions 2026 for T\u00fcrkiye and the Russian Federation (national editions in preparation; no pack exists in the registry). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r51\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 51\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution (Bucharest, 1992), taken from memory; the Commission web address returned unrelated content and was not used. Black Sea Commission. Observation year 1992. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention regarding the Regime of the Straits (Montreux, 1936), taken from memory. League of Nations Treaty Series. Observation year 1936. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: United Nations Treaty Collection (ed.), Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes, Helsinki, 17 March 1992 (status of ratification as at 3 November 2026). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-eua-cb-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-part-references\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cc-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/\">Eurasia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex C<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">References and record<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Every source the edition rests on, the publication record, the corrections log and the open record.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>15 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>0 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cc-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cc-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cc-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.1<\/span><span>51 sources<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">NR-CIT-1, editor first. A DOI is linked where the source has one; Nexus records carry a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> once the catalogue allocates it (NS-1).<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SP.POP.TOTL, Population, total (T\u00fcrkiye and Russian Federation), data API, update of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, population ages 0-14 and 65 and above, and urban population, as a share of the total (T\u00fcrkiye and Russian Federation), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, GDP (current US$) and GDP per capita (current US$) (T\u00fcrkiye and Russian Federation), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: International Monetary Fund (ed.), World Economic Outlook DataMapper, real GDP growth, consumer price inflation, general government gross debt, current account balance and unemployment (T\u00fcrkiye and Russian Federation), data API, values as served on 2026-11-03; years after 2025 are IMF projections. IMF, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, total greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide and methane emissions excluding LULUCF (Mt CO2e, AR5 basis; EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5, EN.GHG.CO2.MT.CE.AR5, EN.GHG.CH4.MT.CE.AR5), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Yearly electricity data, generation by source, capacity and emissions intensity (T\u00fcrkiye and Russia), release file of generation outputs. Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, net energy imports as a share of energy use (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS) and energy use per capita (EG.USE.PCAP.KG.OE), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, renewable internal freshwater resources per capita, annual freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources, and withdrawals by agriculture, data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, forest area, agricultural land, and terrestrial protected areas as a share of land area, data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, cereal production (metric tons) and cereal yield (AG.PRD.CREL.MT, AG.YLD.CREL.KG), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3), data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, life expectancy at birth, under-5 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 mortality-rate\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The number of deaths in a population over a period relative to its size.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">mortality rate<\/a> and current health expenditure as a share of GDP, data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, employment in agriculture, agriculture value added as a share of GDP, and Gini index, data API. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Temperature. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Precipitation. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Soil moisture. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section River flow and flooding. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Wildfires. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, Key events overview. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and World Meteorological Organization (eds.), European State of the Climate 2025, section Thermal stress. C3S\/ECMWF, Reading, 2026. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/energy-nexus\/\" data-tal=\"Energy Nexus\">Extreme heat<\/a> and rainfall, glacier loss and record ocean heat impact Asia in 2025 (press release on the State of the Climate in Asia 2025), Paro, 17 June 2026. WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2024 (publication page and key messages, 23 June 2025). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), Russian Federation (country assessment page: 2035 target, net zero target, land-use sink and renewable target). Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye (country assessment page: net zero target, emissions trading system, electricity and renewable targets). Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), Rainfall in T\u00fcrkiye falls to lowest level in decades in 2025 (news report of 29 December 2025 with data compiled by Anadolu Agency from the General Directorate of Meteorology, Meteoroloji Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), Istanbul dam levels drop below 20% amid worsening drought (news report on figures of the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration, 21 November 2025). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Daily Sabah (ed.), 2025 forest fires reach second-highest burned area in T\u00fcrkiye (news report of 8 October 2025 citing a forestry academic at Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa, with Anadolu Agency). Daily Sabah, Istanbul. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>TASS (ed.), Russian population stands at 146 mln as of January 1, 2025 (news report of the preliminary estimate of the Federal State Statistics Service, Rosstat, 31 January 2025). TASS, Moscow. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>TASS (ed.), Russia increases pipeline gas supplies to Turkey by 28% in 1H 2025 (news report compiled from Turkish energy regulator data, 28 August 2025). TASS, Moscow. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> damage in T\u00fcrkiye estimated to exceed $34 billion: World Bank disaster assessment report (press release of 27 February 2023 on the Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation report). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: United Nations Treaty Collection (ed.), Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes, Helsinki, 17 March 1992 (status of ratification as at 3 November 2026). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition (draft pack used as the structural base by the generator; not read in this drafting step). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat, T\u00dc\u0130K) (ed.), Address Based Population Registration System Results 2025 (bulletin of 9 February 2026; the page returned an error and the figure 86,092,168 was taken from a search-result summary). TurkStat, Ankara. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat, T\u00dc\u0130K) (ed.), Greenhouse Gas Emission Statistics 1990-2022 (558.3 Mt CO2e for 2022 taken from a search-result summary; the 1990-2024 bulletin returned no content). TurkStat, Ankara. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Moscow Times (ed.), 2025 was Russia\u2019s second warmest year on record (report on the annual climate report of the Russian hydrometeorological service, Roshydromet; anomaly of 1.24 \u00b0C taken from a search-result summary; the file could not be read). Moscow Times. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Moscow Times (ed.), Russia sees milder <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> season so far in 2025 but experts warn against complacency (official January to August burnt area of 4.5 million hectares taken from a search-result summary). Moscow Times. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 4, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Carbon Action Partnership (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye emissions trading system and second nationally determined contribution (2035 level of 643 Mt CO2e taken from a search-result summary). ICAP, Berlin. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation (Rosstat) (ed.), grain and legume harvest 2025 (preliminary and revised totals reported by several outlets, 139.4 to 144.6 million tonnes, which disagree; taken from search-result summaries). Rosstat, Moscow. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 3<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: European <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Forest Fire<\/a> Information System (EFFIS) (ed.), burnt area statistics for T\u00fcrkiye, 2025 (about 49,652 hectares by early July, taken from a search-result summary; the portal loaded without data). Joint Research Centre, Ispra. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Russian Federation (ed.), National Inventory Report 2025 submission to the UNFCCC (land-use sink values as relayed by the Climate Action Tracker; the report itself was not read). UNFCCC secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Grand National Assembly of T\u00fcrkiye (ed.), Climate Law (\u0130klim Kanunu), adopted 2 July 2025 (date taken from a search-result summary; the text was not read). Official Gazette, Ankara. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution (Bucharest, 1992), taken from memory; the Commission web address returned unrelated content and was not used. Black Sea Commission. Observation year 1992. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention regarding the Regime of the Straits (Montreux, 1936), taken from memory. League of Nations Treaty Series. Observation year 1936. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNFCCC secretariat (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a> (2015), taken from memory. United Nations, Bonn. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, taken from memory. UNDRR, Geneva. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, taken from memory. CBD, Montreal. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: J. Zscheischler et al., Future climate risk from compound events, Nature Climate Change, 2018, taken from memory. Springer Nature. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: M. Rantanen et al., The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979, Communications Earth &amp; Environment, 2022, taken from memory. Springer Nature. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-49\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">49<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: P. McElwee et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health (nexus assessment), IPBES, 2024, taken from memory. IPBES secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-50\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">50<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports: The Foundational Edition, Volumes I and II. Reports series, Edition 2026-2030, V1.0. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-ref-51\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">51<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Baseline Editions 2026 for T\u00fcrkiye and the Russian Federation (national editions in preparation; no pack exists in the registry). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cc-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cc-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cc-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.2<\/span><span>Publication record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Title<\/dt><dd>Eurasia Regional <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition<\/dd><dt>Series<\/dt><dd>Reports \u00b7 Edition 2026\u20132030<\/dd><dt>Edition<\/dt><dd>Baseline Edition 2026 \u00b7 inaugural annual<\/dd><dt>Version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 \u00b7 draft for stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Publication date<\/dt><dd>October 2026<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>concept and version DOI at deposit<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publisher<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Place<\/dt><dd>Toronto<\/dd><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor<\/dd><dt>Stewards<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 technical truth \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 public meaning \u00b7 GRA \u00b7 capital meaning<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>text CC BY 4.0; data on the terms of each source<\/dd><dt>Copyright<\/dt><dd>\u00a9 2026 GCRI \u00b7 Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Language<\/dt><dd>English (en-GB) source edition<\/dd><dt>Correspondence<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway \u00b7 editorial office<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">DISCLAIMER<\/p><p>This edition is published for research, planning and public understanding. It is not a government assessment, an official warning, a rating, a certification, investment advice or an operational authorisation. Reasonable care has been taken with every source; consult the cited originals before relying on any value.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Colophon<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Format<\/dt><dd>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF<\/dd><dt>Typefaces<\/dt><dd>Space Grotesk (display) \u00b7 Geist (text) \u00b7 IBM Plex Sans Italic (standfirsts) \u00b7 IBM Plex Mono (data)<\/dd><dt>Design standard<\/dt><dd>Reports Foundational Edition, Volume I, Part VII<\/dd><dt>Accessibility<\/dt><dd>tagged PDF and HTML targets; text alternatives for every figure<\/dd><dt>Production<\/dt><dd>Reports editorial team, GCRI<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HOW TO CORRECT THIS EDITION<\/p><p>Report errors, omissions or objections through the Registry correction pathway. Each report is logged and answered; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version, and the original remains resolvable.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Release path for this version<\/h3><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cc-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table C.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Release path for this version<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">When<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Draft<\/td><td>editorial self-check complete at evidence close<\/td><td>October 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Steward review<\/td><td>five passes on the exact draft (keys T \u00b7 M \u00b7 F \u00b7 N)<\/td><td>Q4 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approval<\/td><td>publication authority approves the exact digest<\/td><td>before release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deposit<\/td><td>concept and version DOI minted; registry pointer set<\/td><td>at release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Succession<\/td><td>the 2027 regional edition reports changes against this baseline<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Current version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 draft, stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Previous edition<\/dt><dd>none, first edition of the series<\/dd><dt>Next edition<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2027-Q1-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Latest version<\/dt><dd>resolve the concept DOI or the registry record<\/dd><dt>Correction route<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway<\/dd><dt>Notice types<\/dt><dd>erratum \u00b7 addendum \u00b7 supersession \u00b7 withdrawal<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NO CORRECTIONS \u2260 NO LIMITS<\/p><p>The absence of corrections does not mean the absence of limitations. Limitations and uncertainty are stated where they arise in the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><div id=\"nx-nr-reg-eua-corrections\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cc-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cc-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cc-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.3<\/span><span>Corrections log<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-corr\"><p class=\"nx-nr-corr-sum\"><span class=\"nx-nr-corr-n\">0<\/span><span>correction notices. No edition has been released yet, so none can be corrected; the log below lists each edition&#8217;s current version.<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Version<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Date<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Change<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Notice<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Edition\"><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">REG-EUA<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Version\" class=\"nx-rd-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/td><td data-label=\"Date\">October 2026<\/td><td data-label=\"State\">Draft<\/td><td data-label=\"Change\">Baseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition,<\/td><td data-label=\"Notice\">None<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-rd-source\">Notice types: erratum, addendum, supersession, withdrawal. A correction is a new version with a published notice; the earlier version stays resolvable, and no edition is ever edited in silence.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-reg-eua-outputs\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cc-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cc-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cc-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.4<\/span><span>Open record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-os\"><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>This edition&#8217;s open record<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Desk identifier and series alias<\/dt><dd>NR-REG-EUA-2026-BL<\/dd><dt>Collection<\/dt><dd>None<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>Concept and version DOI at deposit, on Zenodo with DataCite metadata<\/dd><dt>Versions<\/dt><dd>Each correction is a new version (isNewVersionOf); the concept DOI resolves to the latest<\/dd><dt>Bundle<\/dt><dd>RO-Crate 1.2 with CITATION.cff, CodeMeta and PROV-O provenance; a signed manifest<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Credit and identity<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>ORCID<\/dt><dd>Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record<\/dd><dt>ROR<\/dt><dd>Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone<\/dd><dt>CRediT<\/dt><dd>Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing<\/dd><dt>Account<\/dt><dd>None needed to contribute; never a password<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Find and follow<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">Search the open indexes for Eurasia; software is cited by its SWHID from Software Heritage, and a quantified scenario run is preregistered on OSF before it is run. Annotation is your choice: Hypothesis opens this page in its own viewer.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-nr-os-links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/openalex.org\/works?search=Nexus%20Reports%20Eurasia\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAlex<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.openaire.eu\/search\/find?fv0=Nexus%20Reports%20Eurasia&amp;f0=q\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAIRE<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/search\/works?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Eurasia\" rel=\"noopener\">Crossref<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.datacite.org\/?query=Nexus%20Reports%20Eurasia\" rel=\"noopener\">DataCite Commons<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/search?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Eurasia\" rel=\"noopener\">Zenodo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.softwareheritage.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Software Heritage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/prereg\/\" rel=\"noopener\">OSF preregistration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/via.hypothes.is\/https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Annotate with Hypothesis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Mirrors and harvest<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">The DOI is canonical. At release each signed bundle is also given an IPFS content identifier and a bloxberg anchor as mirrors; both are listed in the record once they exist. Zenodo exposes every record over OAI-PMH, and reviews and endorsements can arrive through COAR Notify where the repository supports it.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><figure class=\"nx-nr-code\"><figcaption class=\"nx-nr-code-cap\">InvenioRDM metadata for a contribution on Eurasia, prefilled from this page<\/figcaption><pre class=\"nx-nr-pre\" tabindex=\"0\"><code>{&#10;  &quot;metadata&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;id&quot;: &quot;dataset&quot;&#10;    },&#10;    &quot;title&quot;: &quot;Evidence on Eurasia for Nexus Reports&quot;,&#10;    &quot;publication_date&quot;: &quot;YYYY-MM-DD&quot;,&#10;    &quot;creators&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;person_or_org&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;type&quot;: &quot;personal&quot;,&#10;          &quot;family_name&quot;: &quot;Your family name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;given_name&quot;: &quot;Your given name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;identifiers&quot;: [&#10;            {&#10;              &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;orcid&quot;,&#10;              &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;0000-0000-0000-0000&quot;&#10;            }&#10;          ]&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;affiliations&quot;: [&#10;          {&#10;            &quot;id&quot;: &quot;ROR identifier of your organisation&quot;&#10;          }&#10;        ]&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;description&quot;: &quot;What it is, where its record is kept and how it bears on Eurasia Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of Eurasia\u2019s Interdependent Systems..&quot;,&#10;    &quot;rights&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;id&quot;: &quot;cc-by-4.0&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;subjects&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Nexus Reports&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Eurasia&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Regional Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;related_identifiers&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/&quot;,&#10;        &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;url&quot;,&#10;        &quot;relation_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;issupplementto&quot;&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;publication-report&quot;&#10;        }&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;version&quot;: &quot;1.0.0&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;custom_fields&quot;: {},&#10;  &quot;access&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;record&quot;: &quot;public&quot;,&#10;    &quot;files&quot;: &quot;public&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;files&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;enabled&quot;: true&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;parent&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;communities&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;default&quot;: &quot;nexusreports&quot;&#10;    }&#10;  }&#10;}<\/code><\/pre><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-hook\" data-nx-research-hub=\"slot\" data-nx-research-context=\"{&quot;org&quot;:&quot;GCRI&quot;,&quot;site&quot;:&quot;gcri&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;edition&quot;,&quot;subject&quot;:&quot;Eurasia&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;Regional Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;]}\" hidden><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-reg-eua-pillars\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cc-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cc-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-eua-cc-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.5<\/span><span>Where this edition sits among the six pillars<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Foundry seals the evidence and Universe tests it; Reports publishes it; Standards takes its corrections and Academy teaches from it.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F03 Sealed observations and indicator series<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F04 After-action and scenario findings for<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F05 National Portfolio movement for chapter<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Applied in editions<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>: applied in editions.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>REG-EUA edition<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Reports<\/span> Eurasia 2026, published in every format with its sources, citation and corrections.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F06 Method and correction findings as change<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F12 Q4 synthesis informs the next-year<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Taught in the open<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Academy<\/span> Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>What Foundry and Universe hand to this edition, and what it hands to Standards, Universe and Academy. From the programme spine; REG-EUA is a drafted Baseline Edition, so these handoffs run from its first operational quarter.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Handoff<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Between<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What crosses, and when<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F03<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F04<\/span><\/td><td>Universe to Reports<\/td><td>After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F05<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus Standards to Reports<\/td><td>Nexus Standards: applied in editions.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F06<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Nexus Standards<\/td><td>Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F12<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Universe<\/td><td>Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"academy\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Risk Academy<\/td><td>Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-noprint\"><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Send evidence or a correction on Eurasia.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the GCRI <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Evidence desk. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work. Sent to the wrong desk, it is forwarded, not refused.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI Systems Evidence desk<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Regional Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/#nx-sec-routing\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See which desk takes what you have<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The routing table opens the contribution page: what you have, the desk that takes it, how each contribution is reviewed and credited, and the licence.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-eua\/full#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><p class=\"nx-note\" data-nr-rights=\"true\"><a class=\"nx-link\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> Free to read. Text and figures: CC BY 4.0. Data: CC0 1.0. Authors keep copyright. Published by GCRI Canada.<\/p><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-reg-eua-full-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-reg-eua-full-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-reg-eua-full-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/urban-flood\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Urban flood<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/risk-science\/risk-information-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Risk information standards and interoperability<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/data\/identification-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Identification (the UNI)<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script><style>@media print { @page { margin: 20mm 17mm 20mm 17mm; @top-left { content: \"Nexus Reports\"; font: 500 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @top-right { content: \"Eurasia Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of Eurasia\\002019 s Interdependent Systems. \\0000b7  Baseline Edition 2026\"; font: 400 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Sans\", sans-serif; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-left { content: \"NR-REGIONAL-EUA-2026-BASELINE \\0000b7  Draft, not released\"; font: 400 7pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-center { content: \"CC BY 4.0. 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