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\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\"><style>#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-ocp-full.nxe{display:block;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:1180px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 16px;font-family:ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,\"Segoe UI\",sans-serif;line-height:1.55;overflow-wrap:break-word}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-ocp-full.nxe :where(*,*::before,*::after){box-sizing:inherit}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-ocp-full.nxe :where(section,header,footer,nav,aside){display:block;margin:0 0 32px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-ocp-full.nxe :where(h1,h2,h3,h4){line-height:1.2;margin:24px 0 12px;font-weight:600}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-ocp-full.nxe :where(p,ul,ol,dl,table,figure,details){margin:0 0 16px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-ocp-full.nxe :where(ul,ol){padding-left:20px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-ocp-full.nxe a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-ocp-full.nxe table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;display:block;overflow-x:auto}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-ocp-full.nxe :where(th,td){padding:6px 8px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:inherit}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-ocp-full.nxe svg{display:none}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-ocp-full.nxe svg.nx-i{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:-3px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-ocp-full.nxe :where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-ocp-full.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><div class=\"nrp\"><div class=\"nrp-wrap\"><p class=\"nrj-draft\" data-nrj-shared=\"draft\" role=\"note\"><strong>Draft, not yet released.<\/strong> In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.<\/p><article class=\"nrp-flow\"><header class=\"nrp-hero\"><div class=\"nrp-hero-grid\"><div><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Baseline Edition 2026<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Complete edition<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 class=\"pp-hero-title nrp-hero-title-l\">Oceania-Pacific Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of Oceania-Pacific\u2019s Interdependent Systems.<\/h1><p class=\"nrp-lede\"><\/p><div class=\"nrp-actions\"><button class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" type=\"button\" data-nrp-act=\"print\" hidden><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 18H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><path d=\"M6 9V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6\"\/><rect x=\"6\" y=\"14\" width=\"12\" height=\"8\" rx=\"1\"\/><\/svg>Print or save as PDF<\/button><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19 12H5\"\/><path d=\"m12 19-7-7 7-7\"\/><\/svg>Edition home<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nrp-note nrp-noprint\">Choose A4 or Letter in the print dialog; running heads and page numbers are added in print. This is a review copy: the signed PDF with its DOI is issued at release.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nrp-cover\"><div class=\"nrp-cover-top\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">REG-OCP<\/span><\/div><span class=\"nrp-cover-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"nrp-cover-k\">Regional Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-t\">Oceania-Pacific 2026<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-s\"><\/p><div class=\"nrp-cover-foot\"><span>Baseline Edition 2026<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE<\/span><span><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> for the Nexus Consortium<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block nrp-imprint\" aria-label=\"Imprint\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Imprint<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor, the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto<\/dd><dt>Report number<\/dt><dd class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026, cut NQ-REG-OCP-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Status<\/dt><dd>Draft under stewardship review; not yet released<\/dd><dt>DOI and UNI<\/dt><dd>Issued at deposit<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>CC BY 4.0 for Nexus-authored text, tables and figures; third-party material keeps its own licence<\/dd><dt>Cite as<\/dt><dd>Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Oceania-Pacific Regional <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of Oceania-Pacific\u2019s Interdependent Systems. (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" aria-label=\"Contents\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Contents<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">\u00b7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-summary\">Executive summary<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-coupled-system\">Chapter 1. Oceania-Pacific\u2019s risk is set by ocean, coast and distance<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-findings\">Chapter 2. Key findings<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-systems-and-sectors\">Chapter 3. Systems and sectors at baseline<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-risk-and-capability\">Chapter 4. Risks and capability<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-scenario\">Chapter 5. Cyclone and marine-heatwave season across the Coral Sea and nearby island coasts<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-lenses-and-readings\">Chapter 6. Readings from the other desks<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-agenda\">Chapter 7. The 2027 agenda<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">8<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-systems-in-depth\">Chapter 8. Systems in depth<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-methodology\">Annex A. Methodology<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-data\">Annex B. Data appendix<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-references\">Annex C. References and record<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-summary\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/\">Oceania-Pacific 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Executive summary<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Executive summary<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The edition on a few pages: the abstract, the key messages, the headline finding and what each steward reads in it.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>10 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.1<\/span><span>Abstract<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>Oceania-Pacific, as the series reads it, has one member country in the registry, Australia, and sits beside a wider group of Pacific states that have no subject in the registry yet. Australia had 27.92 million residents at 31 March 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. Its emissions excluding land use were 591.5 Mt CO\u2082e in 2024, about 21.7 t per person, against 10.8 Mt for Papua New Guinea and 2.75 Mt for Fiji in the World Bank series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>. Wind and solar supplied 33% of Australian electricity in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup>, while only 20.5% of people in Papua New Guinea had access to electricity in 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>. WMO reports that 2024 was the warmest year on record in the South-West Pacific, with marine heatwaves covering about 40 million km\u00b2<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>. More than half the people of the Pacific islands live within 500 m of the coast, and at least 50,000 Pacific islanders a year face displacement risk from <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">climate change<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>. In 2023, 29.7% of people in Papua New Guinea were undernourished, against 2.5% in Australia<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup>. This Baseline Edition fixes the 2026 reference state from sources that could be read at evidence close. Where a regional dataset could not be read, it shows as a designed empty state that names the source and the blocker. The edition decides nothing and ranks no country.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.2<\/span><span>Key messages<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Six readings that frame the Oceania-Pacific baseline, and the eight questions this edition answers, each with its status and source.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-km\"><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">The registry holds one member, Australia. Forum members and World Bank series for Fiji, Papua New Guinea and the Pacific island small states are reference groups.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Who is in the region?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Australia emitted 591.5 Mt CO\u2082e excluding land use in 2024, about 21.7 t per person. The reference series are far smaller.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Where do emissions stand?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Wind and solar supplied 33% of Australian electricity in 2025. Access is 20.5% in Papua New Guinea.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How is electricity supplied?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">2024 was the warmest year on record in the South-West Pacific, and marine heatwaves covered about 40 million km\u00b2.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How fast is the climate changing?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">More than half of Pacific islanders live within 500 m of the coast. The sea-level rate is not bound in this edition.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How exposed are coasts?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">29.7% of people in Papua New Guinea and 2.5% in Australia were undernourished in 2023.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How secure is food?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Insured and uninsured loss series are not bound in this edition.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Who carries disaster losses?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">A <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">cyclone<\/a> and marine-heatwave season meeting coastal exposure and thin power access. SCN-OCP-CYC-01<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What will Q1 2027 test first?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.3<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-WAT-008<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">More than half of the people of the Pacific islands live within 500 m of the coast, and at least 50,000 Pacific islanders a year face displacement risk from <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">climate change<\/a>.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure S.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-fig1-t\">Marine heatwave area and ocean warmth, 2024<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Marine heatwave area, million km\u00b2<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">40<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Warming above 1991\u20132020, tenths of \u00b0C<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"12.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">0.48<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: WMO State of the Climate in the South-West Pacific 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>. The two bars use different units and show scale only.<\/p><\/figure><p class=\"nrp-p\">Coastal exposure is a regional fact, not a national one. A <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.storm-surge\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Sea level pushed above the tide by storm wind and low pressure, flooding the coast.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">storm surge<\/a>, a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.high-tide-flooding\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Repeated shallow flooding of low coast at the highest tides, with no storm needed.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">king tide<\/a> or a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h12\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.ocean-state.marine-heatwave\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Ocean-state extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of unusually warm sea water that stresses reefs, fish and kelp and fuels storms and rain.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H12\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">marine heatwave<\/a> that damages reefs reaches fisheries, freshwater lenses, housing and power assets together. Response, insurance and relocation therefore need to be read across borders<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.4<\/span><span>At a glance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">27.92<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Australia population, 31 March 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">10.58<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Papua New Guinea population, 2024 (reference series)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2.72<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Pacific island small states population, 2024 (reference series)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">591.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>Australia emissions excluding land use, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">33<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>wind and solar share of Australian electricity, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">member<\/span><p>Australia, the one country entry in the registry for this region<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.5<\/span><span>What each steward reads in it<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a reading of Oceania-Pacific risk as exposure and access: warm oceans and sea level act on coasts, power and health together.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as a cyclone warning, a hot week or a fuel shortage.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Loss series by country are not bound, and the Asian Development Bank frames resilience in its Pacific monitor.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>Oceania-Pacific has strong statistics for Australia and a clear ocean-warming record, and thin national data for island states.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.6<\/span><span>What this edition is, and is not<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What this edition is<\/h3><p>A baseline: the state of Oceania-Pacific\u2019s water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in 2026 read across Australia. It reads the shared basins and grids that no single member controls, and sets out the questions the operational series will answer.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What it is not<\/h3><p>Not a regional <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/glossary\/risk-assessment\/\" data-tgl=\"Nexus Standards glossary\">risk assessment<\/a>, an official warning or a rating. It decides nothing about any institution or asset. Competent authorities keep every mandate they hold, and each member\u2019s ownership of its own edition is unaffected. It does not stand for the European Union, which is a separate subject in the series.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What comes next<\/h3><p>Q1 2027 opens the operational series with a sealed Foundry evidence cut. Each later edition reports what changed against this baseline: new observations, source revisions, method changes, scenario updates and corrections.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), National, state and territory population, March 2026 (released 17 September 2026; 27,921,150 residents, up 392,700 or 1.4%). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states (source updated 2026-10-08). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: Ember (ed.), Australia electricity profile (page last updated 30 October 2026; 2025: wind and solar 33%, clean 39%, fossil 61%, coal 43%; no 2024 value and no TWh on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: access to electricity (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, 2023) and people using safely managed drinking water services (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS, 2022; value returned for Fiji only), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), Ocean heat and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">sea-level rise<\/a> threaten communities in the South-West Pacific (news release on the 2024 report; 0.48 \u00b0C above 1991\u20132020, about 40 million km\u00b2 of marine heatwaves, more than half of Pacific islanders within 500 m of the coast, at least 50,000 islanders a year at displacement risk). WMO, Geneva, June 2025. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: prevalence of undernourishment (SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; upstream FAO. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Pacific Islands Forum (ed.), Forum members (18 members, four associate members; Secretariat in Suva). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, Suva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states (source updated 2026-10-08). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in the South-West Pacific 2024 (series page, published 5 June 2025). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Australian Government (ed.), National Climate <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/glossary\/risk-assessment\/\" data-tgl=\"Nexus Standards glossary\">Risk Assessment<\/a> Report 2025 (existence from search results and from [24]; the department host returned 503). DCCEEW, Canberra, 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cs-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-coupled-system\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/\">Oceania-Pacific 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 1<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Oceania-Pacific\u2019s risk is set by ocean, coast and distance<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Part I describes systems and their couplings. It assesses no authority and ranks no member country.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>2 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>11 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.1<\/span><span>The questions this part answers<\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Key questions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Where is Oceania-Pacific\u2019s risk concentrated, and in which <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>?<\/li><li>Which couplings carry shocks across member borders?<\/li><li>Which capabilities hold under compound stress, and which are only documented?<\/li><li>What must the 2027 programme measure first?<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">In this part<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Narrative<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Headline finding<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Lead figure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Member system cards<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Shared basins and grids<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hub list<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Regional pathway<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Twelve-domain reading<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Sector screens<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Dependency matrix<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Risk objects<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Capability ladder<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Scenario<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Three lenses<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Portfolio<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.2<\/span><span>The argument<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>Australia had 27.92 million residents at 31 March 2026, up 1.4% in a year<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. The World Bank gives 10.58 million for Papua New Guinea, 0.93 million for Fiji and 2.72 million for the Pacific island small states in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>. This baseline reads Oceania-Pacific as a region whose one registry member sits among many small and dispersed island states, so that the ocean, the coast and distance shape how a shock travels.<\/p><p>The forcing layer is visible in the WMO record. 2024 was the warmest year on record in the South-West Pacific, about 0.48 \u00b0C above the 1991\u20132020 average, and marine heatwaves covered about 40 million km\u00b2<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>. More than half of the people of the Pacific islands live within 500 m of the coast, and at least 50,000 Pacific islanders a year face displacement risk from <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">climate change<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The energy layer shows the widest spread. Wind and solar supplied 33% of Australian electricity in 2025 and fossil fuels 61%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup>. In 2023 electricity access was 100% in Australia, 99.3% in Fiji, 88.9% in the Pacific island small states and 20.5% in Papua New Guinea<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The food and health layers follow the same spread. In 2023, 29.7% of people in Papua New Guinea were undernourished, against 2.5% in Australia<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup>. Life expectancy in 2023 was 83.1 years in Australia, 67.3 in Fiji and 66.1 in Papua New Guinea<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>. The World Health Organization reports about 12 million deaths from noncommunicable disease in its Western Pacific Region in 2019, a wider region than this one<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The water layer is a contrast of volume and access. Australia consumed 17,223 GL in 2023\u201324, and agriculture, forestry and fishing used 68.3% of it<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>. Only Fiji has a safely managed drinking-water value in the World Bank series, at 41.9% in 2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>This edition therefore reads Oceania-Pacific\u2019s risk as a property of exposure and access, not of totals. The matrix, risk objects, capability ladder and scenario that follow ask two questions: where does a shock land first, and who holds the capability to stop it?<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-fig1-t\">How does access to electricity differ? Share of population, 2023 (%)<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Access was 100% in Australia, 99.3% in Fiji, 88.9% in the Pacific island small states and 20.5% in Papua New Guinea in 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>. Generation mix in 2021 differs as widely: renewables were 26.7% of Australian electricity output, 60.1% in Fiji, 40.0% in Papua New Guinea and 42.6% in the Pacific island small states<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>. Australian wind and solar reached 33% in 2025 on a different source<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Australia<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">100<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Fiji<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"99.3\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">99.3<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Pacific island small states<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"88.9\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">88.9<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Papua New Guinea<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"20.5\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">20.5<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: as cited in the note to this figure. Year 2023.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Figure ID FIG-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-01-003<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">100<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>electricity access, Australia, 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>electricity access, Papua New Guinea, 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">33<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>wind and solar share, Australia, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">60.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>renewables share of output, Fiji, 2021<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.3<\/span><span>Twenty couplings between five systems<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The Oceania-Pacific matrix types the twenty couplings between the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events; they set the starting graph that the Q1 2027 Foundry cut will test.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-fig2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-fig2-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-fig2-t\">Couplings between the five systems<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Each line is one coupling from one system to another, drawn by the strength the edition assigns. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events.<\/p><\/figcaption><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-ring\" viewBox=\"0 0 340 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Coupling ring: 20 typed couplings between water, energy, food, health and biodiversity. The matrix in the next table carries every value.\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><ul class=\"nrp-legend\"><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"STRONG\"><\/span>Strong<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"MODERATE\"><\/span>Moderate<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"WEAK\"><\/span>Weak<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: this edition&#8217;s coupling matrix (Table 1.1); status Estimated.<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling matrix: from the row system to the column system<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">From, to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">WAT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">ENE<\/th><th scope=\"col\">FOO<\/th><th scope=\"col\">HLT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">BIO<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><b>WAT<\/b> Water<\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">hydro \u00b7 thermal cooling<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">irrigation \u00b7 rain-fed yield<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">safe water \u00b7 sanitation<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>ENE<\/b> Energy<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pumping \u00b7 desalination<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fuel \u00b7 fertiliser \u00b7 cold chain<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">air pollution \u00b7 cooling<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">land use \u00b7 mining<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>FOO<\/b> Food<\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">\u224870% of withdrawals<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">bioenergy feedstock<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">nutrition \u00b7 food safety<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">land conversion<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>HLT<\/b> Health<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">labour \u00b7 disease<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">residues<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>BIO<\/b> Biodiversity<\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">biomass \u00b7 hydrology<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pollination \u00b7 soils<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">zoonoses \u00b7 medicines<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"6\">Strength: strong, moderate or weak; a Nexus estimate (status Estimated) from cited evidence and analogue events. The scale is defined in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Transmission paths<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 INF \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.storm-surge\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Sea level pushed above the tide by storm wind and low pressure, flooding the coast.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">Storm surge<\/a> and flooding damage coastal assets and the loss falls on insurers, households and budgets.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> coastal exposure<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>; loss series not bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Drought, salt intrusion and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">cyclone<\/a> damage cut water and crops.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> no event bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">ENE \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Thin power access limits cooling, cold chains and clinics.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> access 20.5% in Papua New Guinea<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Heat raises illness and loads health services.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> national assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>; no event bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">TRD \u2192 ENE \u2192 all<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">A fuel import disruption reaches power, transport and food on islands.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> no event bound<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.4<\/span><span>Reinforcing loops<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A shock entering either system of a loop can return amplified through the other.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Pairs of systems where both directions are rated strong<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Loop<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First direction<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Second direction<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT and FOO<\/span><\/td><td>Water to food: irrigation \u00b7 rain-fed yield<\/td><td>Food to water: \u224870% of withdrawals<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Water to biodiversity: flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/td><td>Biodiversity to water: regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Food to biodiversity: land conversion<\/td><td>Biodiversity to food: pollination \u00b7 soils<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"3\">A causal-loop reading of the matrix (Sterman, Business Dynamics, 2000): structural, from estimated strengths, not a measured feedback.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), National, state and territory population, March 2026 (released 17 September 2026; 27,921,150 residents, up 392,700 or 1.4%). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states (source updated 2026-10-08). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), Ocean heat and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">sea-level rise<\/a> threaten communities in the South-West Pacific (news release on the 2024 report; 0.48 \u00b0C above 1991\u20132020, about 40 million km\u00b2 of marine heatwaves, more than half of Pacific islanders within 500 m of the coast, at least 50,000 islanders a year at displacement risk). WMO, Geneva, June 2025. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: Ember (ed.), Australia electricity profile (page last updated 30 October 2026; 2025: wind and solar 33%, clean 39%, fossil 61%, coal 43%; no 2024 value and no TWh on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: access to electricity (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, 2023) and people using safely managed drinking water services (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS, 2022; value returned for Fiji only), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: prevalence of undernourishment (SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; upstream FAO. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: life expectancy at birth, total (SP.DYN.LE00.IN), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific (ed.), Noncommunicable diseases (topic page; about 12 million deaths from noncommunicable diseases in the Western Pacific Region in 2019; Pacific Islands\u2013WHO Multi-country Cooperation Strategy 2024\u20132029). WHO, Manila. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Water Account, Australia, 2023\u201324 (released 11 December 2025). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: renewable electricity output and electricity production from fossil sources (EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS, EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; no value after 2021. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Clayton Utz (ed.), Australia\u2019s first National Climate <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/glossary\/risk-assessment\/\" data-tgl=\"Nexus Standards glossary\">Risk Assessment<\/a> Report and National Adaptation Plan (law firm briefing, October 2025; secondary summary of the Australian Government documents; the page and other reports give different release dates). Clayton Utz, Sydney. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c1-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-findings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/\">Oceania-Pacific 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 2<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Key findings<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Twelve findings carry the baseline. They are grouped by system, never ranked. Each resolves to its source or, where Nexus analysis is involved, to its stated method.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>13 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.1<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-WAT-008\">NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-WAT-008<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">More than half of the people of the Pacific islands live within 500 m of the coast, and at least 50,000 Pacific islanders a year face displacement risk from <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">climate change<\/a>.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 2.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-fig1-t\">Marine heatwave area and ocean warmth, 2024<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Marine heatwave area, million km\u00b2<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">40<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Warming above 1991\u20132020, tenths of \u00b0C<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"12.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">0.48<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: WMO State of the Climate in the South-West Pacific 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>. The two bars use different units and show scale only.<\/p><\/figure><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Implication<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">Coastal exposure is a regional fact, not a national one. A <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.storm-surge\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Sea level pushed above the tide by storm wind and low pressure, flooding the coast.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">storm surge<\/a>, a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.high-tide-flooding\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Repeated shallow flooding of low coast at the highest tides, with no storm needed.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">king tide<\/a> or a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h12\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.ocean-state.marine-heatwave\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Ocean-state extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of unusually warm sea water that stresses reefs, fish and kelp and fuels storms and rain.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H12\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">marine heatwave<\/a> that damages reefs reaches fisheries, freshwater lenses, housing and power assets together. Response, insurance and relocation therefore need to be read across borders<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What would move it<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">The sea-level rate for the region, cyclone counts and losses by country, coastal population by country and relocation records would each move this finding. None is bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.2<\/span><span>Climate forcing<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\">NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Australia emitted 591.5 Mt CO\u2082e excluding land use in 2024, against 10.8 Mt for Papua New Guinea, 6.5 Mt for the Pacific island small states and 2.75 Mt for Fiji.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002\">NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Australian inventory emissions were reported at about 455.6 Mt CO\u2082e in the year to March 2026, 1.6% lower than a year earlier and 25.0% below 2005.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003\">NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Australia has a 2030 target of 43% below 2005 and net zero by 2050 in its <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Act, and a 2035 target of 62 to 70% below 2005 reported from September 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-CLI-006\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-CLI-006\">NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-CLI-006<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">2024 was the warmest year on record in the South-West Pacific, about 0.48 \u00b0C above the 1991\u20132020 average, and marine heatwaves covered about 40 million km\u00b2.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-CLI-007\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-CLI-007\">NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-CLI-007<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">More than half of the people of the Pacific islands live within 500 m of the coast, and at least 50,000 Pacific islanders a year face displacement risk from climate change.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.3<\/span><span>Energy<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-ENE-004\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-ENE-004\">NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-ENE-004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Wind and solar supplied 33% of Australian electricity in 2025, clean sources 39%, fossil fuels 61% and coal 43%.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-ENE-005\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-ENE-005\">NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-ENE-005<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">In 2023, 100% of Australians and 99.3% of people in Fiji had access to electricity, against 88.9% in the Pacific island small states and 20.5% in Papua New Guinea.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.4<\/span><span>Water<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-WAT-008\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-WAT-008\">NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-WAT-008<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Australia consumed 17,223 GL of water in 2023\u201324, up 12.9%, and agriculture, forestry and fishing used 68.3% of it; 41.9% of people in Fiji used safely managed drinking water in 2022.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.5<\/span><span>Food<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-FOO-009\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-FOO-009\">NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-FOO-009<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">In 2023, 29.7% of people in Papua New Guinea were undernourished, against 13.5% in the Pacific island small states, 7.0% in Fiji and 2.5% in Australia.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.6<\/span><span>Health<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-HLT-010\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-HLT-010\">NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-HLT-010<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Life expectancy at birth in Australia was 81.1 years for males and 85.1 years for females in 2022\u201324; the World Bank series for 2023 gives 67.3 years in Fiji, 66.1 in Papua New Guinea and 69.3 in the Pacific island small states.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.7<\/span><span>Biodiversity<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-BIO-011\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-BIO-011\">NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-BIO-011<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">In 2024, Australia protected 22.0% of its land and 45.4% of its sea area, against 3.9% and 0.9% in Fiji, and 3.7% and 0.1% in Papua New Guinea.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.8<\/span><span>Systemic<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\">NRF-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The leading compound pathway for 2027 testing is a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">cyclone<\/a> and marine-heatwave season that meets coastal exposure and thin power access across the Coral Sea and nearby island coasts. \u00a79.3<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), Ocean heat and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">sea-level rise<\/a> threaten communities in the South-West Pacific (news release on the 2024 report; 0.48 \u00b0C above 1991\u20132020, about 40 million km\u00b2 of marine heatwaves, more than half of Pacific islanders within 500 m of the coast, at least 50,000 islanders a year at displacement risk). WMO, Geneva, June 2025. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in the South-West Pacific 2024 (series page, published 5 June 2025). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states (source updated 2026-10-08). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Department of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a>, Energy, the Environment and Water (ed.), National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Quarterly Update: March 2026 (released 28 August 2026; about 455.6 Mt CO\u2082e, down 1.6%, 25.0% below 2005; preliminary June 2026 estimate 452.4 Mt; all from search summaries; the department host returned 503). DCCEEW, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Australia (ed.), Australia\u2019s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution (62 to 70% below 2005; reported in a news summary found by search, base year and date not confirmed). Submission to the UNFCCC, September 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Parliament of Australia (ed.), Climate Change Act 2022 (Cth) (2030 target of 43% below 2005 from a search summary; net zero by 2050 from memory). Canberra, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: Ember (ed.), Australia electricity profile (page last updated 30 October 2026; 2025: wind and solar 33%, clean 39%, fossil 61%, coal 43%; no 2024 value and no TWh on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: access to electricity (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, 2023) and people using safely managed drinking water services (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS, 2022; value returned for Fiji only), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Water Account, Australia, 2023\u201324 (released 11 December 2025). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: prevalence of undernourishment (SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; upstream FAO. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Life expectancy, 2022\u20132024 (released 11 November 2025; 81.1 years for males, 85.1 for females). ABS, Canberra. Observation years 2022\u201324. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: life expectancy at birth, total (SP.DYN.LE00.IN), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: terrestrial and marine protected areas (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS, ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; upstream UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-systems-and-sectors\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/\">Oceania-Pacific 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 3<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems and sectors at baseline<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>20 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.1<\/span><span>Where each system stood at evidence close<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WAT \u00b7 Water<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Water consumed in Australia<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">17,223<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">GL<\/span><p>Agriculture, forestry and fishing used 11,760 GL, 68.3% of the total. Households used 1,868 GL.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2023\u201324<\/span><span>ABS<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">ENE \u00b7 Energy<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Wind and solar share of Australian electricity<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">33<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Fossil fuels supplied 61% and coal 43%. In Papua New Guinea 20.5% of people had electricity access.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>Ember<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FOO \u00b7 Food<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">People undernourished, Papua New Guinea<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">29.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Australia 2.5%, Fiji 7.0%, Pacific island small states 13.5%.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2023<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HLT \u00b7 Health<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Life expectancy at birth, Australia, males and females<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">81.1 and 85.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">years<\/span><p>World Bank series for 2023: Fiji 67.3, Papua New Guinea 66.1, Pacific island small states 69.3 years.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2022\u201324<\/span><span>ABS<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">BIO \u00b7 Biodiversity<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Marine area protected, Australia<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">45.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Terrestrial: Australia 22.0%, Fiji 3.9%, Papua New Guinea 3.7%. Marine: Fiji 0.9%, Papua New Guinea 0.1%.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SYS \u00b7 Cross-system<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Pacific islanders facing displacement risk from climate change each year, at least<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">50,000<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">people<\/span><p>More than half of the people of the Pacific islands live within 500 m of the coast.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>WMO<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.2<\/span><span>Domain posture<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each of the twelve coupled domains is read in words, not scored. The reading states where the regional evidence points; the coupling column names the dependency that carries risk across <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and borders.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Each domain read in words, not scored<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Domain<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Posture at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT<\/span><\/td><td>Australia used 17,223 GL in 2023\u201324, 68.3% for agriculture, forestry and fishing<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>. Safely managed drinking water 41.9% in Fiji in 2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT \u2192 ENE \u00b7 WAT \u2192 FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE<\/span><\/td><td>Wind and solar 33% of Australian electricity in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup>. Access 20.5% in Papua New Guinea in 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO<\/span><\/td><td>Undernourishment 29.7% in Papua New Guinea and 2.5% in Australia in 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup>. Farm output after 2022 not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO \u2190 WAT, CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT<\/span><\/td><td>Life expectancy 81.1 and 85.1 years in Australia<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>; 66.1 in Papua New Guinea in 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>. Heat burden not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT \u2190 CLI, ENE<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Australia protects 22.0% of land and 45.4% of sea<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>. Condition not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO \u2194 WAT, FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CLI<\/span><\/td><td>2024 the warmest year on record in the South-West Pacific; marine heatwaves 40 million km\u00b2<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">forcing on all systems<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF<\/span><\/td><td>Coastal infrastructure within 500 m of the shore for more than half of Pacific islanders<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>. Asset condition not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN<\/span><\/td><td>Insured and uninsured loss series not bound; the Asian Development Bank frames resilience in its Pacific monitor<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN \u2190 CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT<\/span><\/td><td>Digital dependencies of lifelines not mapped at public-safe resolution.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT \u2192 ENE, FIN<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC<\/span><\/td><td>Data-centre and compute demand on grids and water not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC \u2192 ENE, WAT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN<\/span><\/td><td>Mineral and fuel trade not bound at baseline.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN \u2190 TRD<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD<\/span><\/td><td>Fuel and food import dependence of island states is not bound; Australian energy flows are recorded in ABS accounts<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.3<\/span><span>Sector screens<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">All sixteen global sectors are screened on the same grammar as every national edition, so later editions can say what changed. The evidence column describes coverage of the baseline evidence, not the performance of the sector.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Sectors: baseline evidence and the exposure to watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Code<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Sector<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Exposure to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-00<\/span><\/td><td>Cross-system<\/td><td>compound <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">cyclone<\/a>, heat and coastal stress<\/td><td>cyclone season over exposed coasts<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-01<\/span><\/td><td>Water<\/td><td>17,223 GL used in Australia<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>drought and access on islands<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-02<\/span><\/td><td>Energy<\/td><td>wind and solar 33% in Australia<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup>; access 20.5% in Papua New Guinea<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>fuel and grid access<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-03<\/span><\/td><td>Food<\/td><td>undernourishment 29.7% in Papua New Guinea<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>cyclone and drought damage<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-04<\/span><\/td><td>Health<\/td><td>life expectancy 66.1 to 83.1 years across series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat and noncommunicable burden<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-05<\/span><\/td><td>Finance<\/td><td>loss series not bound<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-06<\/span><\/td><td>Development<\/td><td>GDP per person US$64,610 in Australia, US$4,528 in the Pacific island small states<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>income spread<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-07<\/span><\/td><td>Climate<\/td><td>warmest year in the South-West Pacific<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>; 2035 target reported<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat, cyclone and sea level<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-08<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster<\/td><td>displacement risk for 50,000 a year<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>compound and sequential events<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-09<\/span><\/td><td>Infrastructure<\/td><td>coastal exposure of more than half of islanders<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>asset condition not bound<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-10<\/span><\/td><td>Cities<\/td><td>Australia 87.6% urban; Papua New Guinea 15.4%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>urban heat; coastal towns<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-11<\/span><\/td><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>45.4% of Australian sea protected<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>condition not bound<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-12<\/span><\/td><td>Earth observation<\/td><td>WMO regional assessment published<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>continuity of records<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-13<\/span><\/td><td>Cyber and digital<\/td><td>dependencies not mapped<\/td><td>systemic outages<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-14<\/span><\/td><td>Policy<\/td><td>Forum 2050 Strategy and Strategic Plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup>; Australian targets<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>coordination across levels<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-15<\/span><\/td><td>Science<\/td><td>WMO, IPCC and national assessments<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n52\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r52\" aria-label=\"Note 52\">52<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>translation to island states<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Water Account, Australia, 2023\u201324 (released 11 December 2025). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: Ember (ed.), Australia electricity profile (page last updated 30 October 2026; 2025: wind and solar 33%, clean 39%, fossil 61%, coal 43%; no 2024 value and no TWh on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: access to electricity (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, 2023) and people using safely managed drinking water services (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS, 2022; value returned for Fiji only), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: prevalence of undernourishment (SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; upstream FAO. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Life expectancy, 2022\u20132024 (released 11 November 2025; 81.1 years for males, 85.1 for females). ABS, Canberra. Observation years 2022\u201324. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: life expectancy at birth, total (SP.DYN.LE00.IN), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: terrestrial and marine protected areas (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS, ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; upstream UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), Ocean heat and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">sea-level rise<\/a> threaten communities in the South-West Pacific (news release on the 2024 report; 0.48 \u00b0C above 1991\u20132020, about 40 million km\u00b2 of marine heatwaves, more than half of Pacific islanders within 500 m of the coast, at least 50,000 islanders a year at displacement risk). WMO, Geneva, June 2025. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Agricultural Commodities, Australia, 2021\u201322 (final issue; the page carries two release dates; wheat 36 million tonnes, 369 million hectares of agricultural land). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Asian Development Bank (ed.), Pacific Economic Monitor (series page; latest edition listed, August 2024, Building Resilience the Pacific Way; no figure used). ADB, Manila. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product, June 2026 (released 2 September 2026; GDP up 0.4% in the quarter and 2.1% in the year). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), and GDP per capita (NY.GDP.PCAP.CD), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Australia (ed.), Australia\u2019s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution (62 to 70% below 2005; reported in a news summary found by search, base year and date not confirmed). Submission to the UNFCCC, September 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: urban population and population ages 65 and above (SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS, SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; upstream UN Population Division. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in the South-West Pacific 2024 (series page, published 5 June 2025). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Pacific Islands Forum (ed.), 2050 Strategy for the Blue Pacific Continent (page opened; Implementation Plan 2023\u20132030; strategy document dated August 2022; regional emissions just over 1% of the global total). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, Suva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Pacific Islands News Association (ed.), Forum strategic plan sets six priorities to drive 2050 Blue Pacific vision (news report, 5 August 2026; Strategic Plan 2025\u20132030). PINA, Suva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Parliament of Australia (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Act 2022 (Cth) (2030 target of 43% below 2005 from a search summary; net zero by 2050 from memory). Canberra, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: H.-O. P\u00f6rtner, D. C. Roberts et al. (eds.), Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-n52\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">52<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO (eds.), State of the Climate 2024 (the Bureau host returned 403). BoM and CSIRO, Canberra, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c3-r52\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 52\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-risk-and-capability\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/\">Oceania-Pacific 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 4<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Risks and capability<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Four regional risk objects open the portfolio. Order carries no rank. Each is read across driver, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, cascade and consequence; loss metrics are added only where they can be modelled.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>17 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.1<\/span><span>Risk objects<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each risk is read across the chain from hazard to consequence, with its status and evidence-quality level.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-OCP-CLI-001<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Cyclone, storm surge and flood season on exposed coasts<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>tropical cyclones, king tides and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">sea-level rise<\/a><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>more than half of Pacific islanders live within 500 m of the coast<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>asset condition and building standards not bound<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>regional strategy exists<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup>; early-warning performance not bound<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 INF, FIN, HLT<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>annual<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-OCP-WAT-002<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Drought and water-access stress<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>low rainfall, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.saltwater-intrusion\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Seawater moving into coastal aquifers and estuaries, making water too salty to drink or irrigate.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">saltwater intrusion<\/a> and high demand<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>farming, towns and island freshwater<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>safely managed water 41.9% in Fiji<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>; other series not bound<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>basin and utility capacity not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n49\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r49\" aria-label=\"Note 49\">49<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>WAT \u2192 FOO, HLT<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1\u20135 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-OCP-HLT-003<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Heat and noncommunicable burden on health services<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>heat waves and chronic disease burden<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>older adults, outdoor workers and remote communities<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>life expectancy 66.1 to 83.1 years across series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>workforce and facility data not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 HLT \u2192 ENE peak<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>seasonal<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-OCP-ENE-004<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Fuel import and grid access gaps<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>supply route change, price spike or storm damage<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>island grids and remote communities<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>access 20.5% in Papua New Guinea<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>; fuel stocks not bound<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>utility and regulator capacity not bound<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>TRD \u2192 ENE \u2192 FOO, HLT<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1\u20135 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.2<\/span><span>Capability ladder<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Existence is not readiness. Each of the fifteen capability functions is placed on the ladder by the strongest public evidence at the regional level, from a policy listing to performance in real events.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 4.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Capabilities on the ladder of evidence: listed, exists, demonstrated, tested<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Function<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rung<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Level<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Strongest public evidence at baseline<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Prevention and mitigation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>Australia\u2019s <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Act and 2035 target are reported<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoring and observation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>ABS, World Bank and WMO series are published<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: meteorological services \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preparedness and planning<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>Australian national climate <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/glossary\/risk-assessment\/\" data-tgl=\"Nexus Standards glossary\">risk assessment<\/a> and adaptation plan issued<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup>; delivery not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Redundancy and reserves<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: fuel and water stock registers \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Response<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: after-action records for <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">cyclone<\/a> and flood events \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Continuity of critical services<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: utility continuity records \u00b7 blocker: not published<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recovery<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: recovery agency and insurer records \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adaptation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>Australian adaptation plan and Forum 2050 Strategy exist<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>; delivery not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Social protection<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: income-support and disaster-payment records \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance and insurance<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: insurer and reinsurer loss data \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved; regional resilience framing exists<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Institutional coordination<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>the Pacific Islands Forum has 18 members and a Strategic Plan 2025 to 2030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup>; performance not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Technical infrastructure<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: asset-condition registers \u00b7 blocker: not published<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Workforce<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: health and emergency workforce registers \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Research capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>WMO, IPCC and national assessments are published<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n52\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r52\" aria-label=\"Note 52\">52<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"4\">A capability listed in policy is not a tested one; each rung is the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), Ocean heat and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">sea-level rise<\/a> threaten communities in the South-West Pacific (news release on the 2024 report; 0.48 \u00b0C above 1991\u20132020, about 40 million km\u00b2 of marine heatwaves, more than half of Pacific islanders within 500 m of the coast, at least 50,000 islanders a year at displacement risk). WMO, Geneva, June 2025. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Pacific Islands Forum (ed.), 2050 Strategy for the Blue Pacific Continent (page opened; Implementation Plan 2023\u20132030; strategy document dated August 2022; regional emissions just over 1% of the global total). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, Suva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: access to electricity (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, 2023) and people using safely managed drinking water services (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS, 2022; value returned for Fiji only), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n49\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">49<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: POST-CLOSE, context only: Murray-Darling Basin Authority (ed.), Basin water storage (storage on 1 November 2026 not read; the host returned 403). MDBA, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r49\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 49\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: life expectancy at birth, total (SP.DYN.LE00.IN), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific (ed.), Noncommunicable diseases (topic page; about 12 million deaths from noncommunicable diseases in the Western Pacific Region in 2019; Pacific Islands\u2013WHO Multi-country Cooperation Strategy 2024\u20132029). WHO, Manila. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Australia (ed.), Australia\u2019s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution (62 to 70% below 2005; reported in a news summary found by search, base year and date not confirmed). Submission to the UNFCCC, September 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Parliament of Australia (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Act 2022 (Cth) (2030 target of 43% below 2005 from a search summary; net zero by 2050 from memory). Canberra, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), National, state and territory population, March 2026 (released 17 September 2026; 27,921,150 residents, up 392,700 or 1.4%). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states (source updated 2026-10-08). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Clayton Utz (ed.), Australia\u2019s first National Climate <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/glossary\/risk-assessment\/\" data-tgl=\"Nexus Standards glossary\">Risk Assessment<\/a> Report and National Adaptation Plan (law firm briefing, October 2025; secondary summary of the Australian Government documents; the page and other reports give different release dates). Clayton Utz, Sydney. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Australian Government (ed.), National Climate Risk Assessment Report 2025 (existence from search results and from [24]; the department host returned 503). DCCEEW, Canberra, 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Asian Development Bank (ed.), Pacific Economic Monitor (series page; latest edition listed, August 2024, Building Resilience the Pacific Way; no figure used). ADB, Manila. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Pacific Islands Forum (ed.), Forum members (18 members, four associate members; Secretariat in Suva). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, Suva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Pacific Islands News Association (ed.), Forum strategic plan sets six priorities to drive 2050 Blue Pacific vision (news report, 5 August 2026; Strategic Plan 2025\u20132030). PINA, Suva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: H.-O. P\u00f6rtner, D. C. Roberts et al. (eds.), Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-n52\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">52<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO (eds.), State of the Climate 2024 (the Bureau host returned 403). BoM and CSIRO, Canberra, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c4-r52\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 52\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-scenario\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c5-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/\">Oceania-Pacific 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 5<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Cyclone and marine-heatwave season across the Coral Sea and nearby island coasts<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">A conditional statement under stated assumptions, never a prediction.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>2 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>2 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c5-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c5-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c5-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.1<\/span><span>Assumptions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Scenario SCN-OCP-CYC-01: what is assumed, and what is held constant.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Baseline<\/dt><dd>the 2026 reference state in this edition<\/dd><dt>Drivers<\/dt><dd>a warm-ocean season with a severe <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">cyclone<\/a>, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.storm-surge\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Sea level pushed above the tide by storm wind and low pressure, flooding the coast.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">storm surge<\/a> and a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h12\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.ocean-state.marine-heatwave\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Ocean-state extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of unusually warm sea water that stresses reefs, fish and kelp and fuels storms and rain.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H12\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">marine heatwave<\/a>, followed by heat on land<\/dd><dt>Analogues<\/dt><dd>2024 marine heatwaves and warmest year in the South-West Pacific<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c5-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c5-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>; electricity access gaps<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c5-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c5-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Interventions<\/dt><dd>none modelled, the specification describes the unmitigated case<\/dd><dt>Run state<\/dt><dd>narrative specification; quantified Foundry run scheduled for Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c5-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c5-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c5-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.2<\/span><span>The cascade, step by step<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">cyclone<\/a> and surge damage coastal roads, ports and power lines<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">coastal exposure<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c5-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">INF \u2192 ENE<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">power and fuel supply fail where access is already thin<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">access 20.5% in Papua New Guinea<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c5-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">salt intrusion and damaged supplies cut drinking water<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">no analogue bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">ENE \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">clinics and cold chains lose power while heat follows<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">no analogue bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">HLT \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">losses fall on households, insurers and budgets<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">loss series not bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">FIN \u2192 recovery<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">rebuilding slows where cover is thin<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">loss series not bound<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c5-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c5-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c5-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.3<\/span><span>The scenario as a table of steps<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">How the shock in scenario SCN-OCP-CYC-01 would travel through Oceania-Pacific&#8217;s coupled <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, step by step, under the assumptions the edition states.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Climate to infrastructure<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Cyclone<\/a> and surge damage coastal roads, ports and power lines. Analogue or source: coastal exposure [18].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-OCP, scenario SCN-OCP-CYC-01, step 1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 Infrastructure to energy<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Power and fuel supply fail where access is already thin. Analogue or source: access 20.5% in Papua New Guinea [14].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-OCP, scenario SCN-OCP-CYC-01, step 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 Climate to water<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Salt intrusion and damaged supplies cut drinking water. Analogue or source: no analogue bound.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-OCP, scenario SCN-OCP-CYC-01, step 3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 Energy to health<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Clinics and cold chains lose power while heat follows. Analogue or source: no analogue bound.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-OCP, scenario SCN-OCP-CYC-01, step 4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 Health to finance<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Losses fall on households, insurers and budgets. Analogue or source: loss series not bound.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-OCP, scenario SCN-OCP-CYC-01, step 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Finance to recovery<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Rebuilding slows where cover is thin. Analogue or source: loss series not bound.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-OCP, scenario SCN-OCP-CYC-01, step 6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of a conditional scenario under the edition&#8217;s stated assumptions: not a forecast, not a prediction and not a warning. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/scenario\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Oceania-Pacific 2026, scenario SCN-OCP-CYC-01<\/a> (2026); Oceania-Pacific 2026, references (NR-CIT-1) (2026).<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c5-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c5-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c5-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c5-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), Ocean heat and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">sea-level rise<\/a> threaten communities in the South-West Pacific (news release on the 2024 report; 0.48 \u00b0C above 1991\u20132020, about 40 million km\u00b2 of marine heatwaves, more than half of Pacific islanders within 500 m of the coast, at least 50,000 islanders a year at displacement risk). WMO, Geneva, June 2025. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c5-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c5-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: access to electricity (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, 2023) and people using safely managed drinking water services (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS, 2022; value returned for Fiji only), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c5-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-lenses-and-readings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/\">Oceania-Pacific 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 6<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Readings from the other desks<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The regional baseline is read through each steward\u2019s lens, then once as a whole. Each lens is a projection of reviewed findings, not a separate argument. The other desks&#8217; own editions of this subject are listed first, as cross-references, not copies.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>16 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>8 tables<\/span><span>49 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.1<\/span><span>The other desks&#8217; editions of this subject<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Federation: each desk writes its own edition for the subjects in its remit. Until a desk releases, its edition shows its frame and the reading this edition printed for it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Desk<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-host=\"true\"><th scope=\"row\">GCRI Systems Evidence<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRF Public Deliberation<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRA Capital Readiness<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Standards Progress<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Academy Capability<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Index Measurement<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.2<\/span><span>Three lenses<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">One edition, read by each steward. The lens of this site comes first.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\" data-host=\"true\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a reading of Oceania-Pacific risk as exposure and access: warm oceans and sea level act on coasts, power and health together. Evidence is strongest for population, emissions, electricity access and ocean warmth, and weakest for losses, sea-level rates and the condition of reefs.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-001 \u00b7 CLI-006 \u00b7 ENE-005 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRF \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as a cyclone warning, a hot week or a fuel shortage. The baseline asks that public debate weigh how distance and thin access make one island\u2019s event a regional concern.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-007 \u00b7 ENE-005 \u00b7 FOO-009<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRA \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Loss series by country are not bound, and the Asian Development Bank frames resilience in its Pacific monitor<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup>. These show where finance-readiness evidence will matter. Nothing here is advice, a rating or an endorsement.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-006 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>Oceania-Pacific has strong statistics for Australia and a clear ocean-warming record, and thin national data for island states. The 2027 programme should bind loss, sea-level and fuel-stock data, test the cyclone season, and ask the registry whether Pacific states can be admitted.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">SYS-012 \u00b7 A-01 \u00b7 A-02<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.3<\/span><span>Standards, Academy and steward contributions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">How the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> drafts, the Risk Academy and the three stewards feed each quarterly edition for Oceania-Pacific. The standards are preparatory working drafts (October 2026) and are cited as drafts, never as adopted standards.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The quarterly rhythm every edition follows<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Quarter<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Boundary<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Q1<\/td><td>State and Agenda<\/td><td>What matters this year, and what is the starting position?<\/td><td>observed baseline stays distinct from planned work<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q2<\/td><td>Evidence and Build<\/td><td>What new evidence and capability have been developed?<\/td><td>a configured capability is not a validated result<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q3<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stress Test<\/a> and Readiness<\/td><td>What do scenarios and tests reveal?<\/td><td>simulated loss or performance is not observed impact<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q4<\/td><td>Annual Synthesis and Renewal<\/td><td>What did the year establish, and what changes next?<\/td><td>release follows review, not event publicity deadlines<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Who contributes what each quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Steward or body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contribution route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GCRI Canada<\/td><td>Lead Institution and Consortium Secretariat; publisher of record; technical truth (key T)<\/td><td>science and practice communities \u00b7 GCRI gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Forum (GRF)<\/td><td>leadership, dialogue and the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> programme; public meaning (key M)<\/td><td>policy, Universe and national adoption \u00b7 GRF gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)<\/td><td>finance, insurance and development readiness; capital meaning (key F)<\/td><td>finance and insurance \u00b7 GRA gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nexus Standards<\/td><td>preparatory drafts on vocabulary, hazards, indicators and methods<\/td><td>Standards site \u00b7 working groups HAZ, IND, MTH, FIN, AI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk Academy<\/td><td>learning pathways tied to the agenda questions<\/td><td>Academy gateway \u00b7 learning by review<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Oceania-Pacific regional pathway<\/td><td>regional pathway: hubs named in the registry<\/td><td>regional Commons room<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards drafts used in this edition<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Risk vocabulary NRS-C1 (424 terms) for terms in the glossary<\/li><li>Hazard atlas NHS-1 1.1.0 (905 hazards in 120 families) for risk objects<\/li><li>Seven risk classes: global, catastrophic, existential, emerging, planetary, exponential, frontier-tech<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards calendar to watch<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Founding calls from 20 October 2026; working groups meet from 5 November 2026<\/li><li>Inaugural Global Standards Council session, 12 January 2027<\/li><li>Quarterly reviews in March, June, September and December, aligned with each edition<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Nothing here certifies. A Nexus attestation records an evaluation under a mandate; it confers no certification, endorsement or approval. Adoption of any standard in a member country is a decision of that country\u2019s standards body.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.4<\/span><span>GCRI reading: the model card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-p\">GCRI&#8217;s reading of this edition is its model card: what the national model is, what it computes and where it stops. It is printed in full in Annex A, with the methods it belongs to. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/methodology\/\">Annex A, methodology<\/a><\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.5<\/span><span>Global Risks Forum reading: editorial essays<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Four signed essays by the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> editorial team set out the positions this edition takes. They are interpretation, labelled as such; the evidence they draw on is in the findings register.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Most Pacific islanders live within 500 m of the sea. The baseline treats the coast and the ocean basin as the units of analysis, with countries as the places where effects land.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 01<\/h3><p>Risk lands on the coast first<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The Pacific Islands Forum has 18 members, including Australia and New Zealand. This edition reads Oceania-Pacific as the registry defines it and uses the Forum and World Bank series only as reference groups. They are never joined on a code alone.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 02<\/h3><p>A forum is not a region<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Electricity access of 20.5% in one country and 100% in another shows that resilience depends on who is connected, not on national totals alone.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 03<\/h3><p>Access is a design question<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Several data that matter most for risk, including the sea-level rate, cyclone losses and fuel stocks, could not be read at evidence close. The edition shows each gap and the source that would fill it.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 04<\/h3><p>Gaps are findings too<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Essays are signed views of the editorial team. Contributed articles from working groups, consortium institutions and invited experts begin with the Q1 2027 edition, each with its own review route and disclosures.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.6<\/span><span>Global Risks Alliance reading: 2027 regional readiness pack<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The registers that open the 2027 regional cycle. At baseline each is initialised from this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">2027 regional readiness pack<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Register<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First 2027 entry<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>E1<\/td><td>Regional risk state delta<\/td><td>baseline set by this edition<\/td><td>changes against the baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E2<\/td><td>WEFH+B state delta<\/td><td>five regional system readings set<\/td><td>indicator updates and freshness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E3<\/td><td>Agenda and Portfolio movement<\/td><td>eight agenda items \u00b7 7 proposed objects<\/td><td>admission decisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E4<\/td><td>Federation delivery register<\/td><td>editions in programme as listed in the series registry<\/td><td>regional and sector baselines<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E5<\/td><td>Consortium capability register<\/td><td>national consortia forming<\/td><td>first contributions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E6<\/td><td>Leadership questions and challenges<\/td><td>none yet<\/td><td>first challenge log<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E7<\/td><td>Foundry technical state<\/td><td>national environments prepared<\/td><td>first federation cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E8<\/td><td>Publication candidates<\/td><td>twelve findings carried forward<\/td><td>PUBLISH \u00b7 HOLD dispositions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E9<\/td><td>Universe readiness<\/td><td>one candidate mission<\/td><td>admission and role spine<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E10<\/td><td>Correction register<\/td><td>none<\/td><td>first federation-wide cycle<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication dispositions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Publish<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hold<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Needs evidence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Restricted<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Superseded<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Programme progress is not real-world risk improvement. These registers record the work of the Nexus programme; they report on no state or organisation.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.7<\/span><span>Nexus Standards reading: standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Instruments that shape the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in this edition, by status on the retrieval date. The edition assesses no one\u2019s compliance.<\/p><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">IN FORCE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ADOPTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SUBMITTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">UNDER REVIEW<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instrument<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Scope<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Relevance<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Act 2022 (Australia)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Parliament of Australia<\/td><td>Australia<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>2030 and 2050 targets<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Australia\u2019s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Government of Australia<\/td><td>Australia<\/td><td>REPORTED SEPTEMBER 2025<\/td><td>2035 target<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2050 Strategy for the Blue Pacific Continent<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Pacific Islands Forum<\/td><td>Forum members<\/td><td>DATED AUGUST 2022<\/td><td>regional strategy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Boe Declaration on Regional Security<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Pacific Islands Forum<\/td><td>Forum members<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2018<\/td><td>climate and security<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Falepili Union treaty<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Australia and Tuvalu<\/td><td>bilateral<\/td><td>SIGNED 2023<\/td><td>mobility and security<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNFCCC<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>climate targets<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> 2015\u20132030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNDRR<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2015<\/td><td>disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk reduction<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kunming-Montreal Framework<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CBD<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2022<\/td><td>30by30<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National Adaptation Plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Australian Government<\/td><td>Australia<\/td><td>ISSUED 2025<\/td><td>adaptation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forum Strategic Plan 2025 to 2030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat<\/td><td>Forum members<\/td><td>REPORTED AUGUST 2026<\/td><td>secretariat work plan<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Changed since 2024<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>The Forum Strategic Plan 2025 to 2030 was reported in August 2026 with six goals<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Australia\u2019s 2035 target of 62 to 70% below 2005 was reported from September 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Australia\u2019s climate <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/glossary\/risk-assessment\/\" data-tgl=\"Nexus Standards glossary\">risk assessment<\/a> and adaptation plan were issued in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">To watch in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Implementation of the 2035 target<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n51\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r51\" aria-label=\"Note 51\">51<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Delivery of the Forum 2050 Strategy Implementation Plan to 2030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Application of the Kunming-Montreal targets by Forum members<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Status is read from the issuing body on the retrieval date. A change in status opens a review task for every finding that relies on the instrument.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.8<\/span><span>Risk Academy reading: literature and evidence review: science and assessments<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The review behind this edition covers peer-reviewed science, regional and international assessments and the institutional reports that bind its findings. Full systematic reviews begin in Q1 2027 for each agenda item.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Review protocol<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Question<\/dt><dd>What does the published evidence establish about Oceania-Pacific\u2019s coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity risks across its member countries?<\/dd><dt>Sources searched<\/dt><dd>peer-reviewed literature; regional and international assessments; official releases; statutory instruments<\/dd><dt>Window<\/dt><dd>releases available at evidence close, 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Selection<\/dt><dd>sources that bind or contextualise a finding in this edition<\/dd><dt>Next step<\/dt><dd>systematic reviews for agenda items A-01 to A-05 in Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Science and assessments<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>P\u00f6rtner et al. (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>impacts and adaptation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>P\u00f6rtner et al. (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2019<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>ocean and coasts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>McElwee et al. (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>nexus interlinkages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zscheischler et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>compound events<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National climate <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/glossary\/risk-assessment\/\" data-tgl=\"Nexus Standards glossary\">risk assessment<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>government assessment<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>risk framing<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Institutional reports<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>State of the Climate in the South-West Pacific 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>WMO<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>heat, ocean, coasts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>State of the Climate 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n52\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r52\" aria-label=\"Note 52\">52<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CSIRO and BoM<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>Australian climate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Annual Climate Statement 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>BoM<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>Australian temperature<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pacific environment assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n53\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r53\" aria-label=\"Note 53\">53<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>SPREP<\/td><td>2020<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>islands<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate risk assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Australian Government<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>risk framing<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Official statistics and regional sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Population<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ABS and World Bank<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water and life expectancy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ABS<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>water, health<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Emissions and electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank and Ember<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>climate, power<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food, land and protected areas<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>food, nature<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National accounts and agriculture<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ABS and World Bank<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Industry, grid and international sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Renewable capacity statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n45\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IRENA<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>capacity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Australia energy review<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n46\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Note 46\">46<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IEA<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>energy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Quarterly energy dynamics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n47\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r47\" aria-label=\"Note 47\">47<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>AEMO<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>grid<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Crop report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup> and basin storage<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n49\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r49\" aria-label=\"Note 49\">49<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ABARES and MDBA<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>food, water<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n50\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r50\" aria-label=\"Note 50\">50<\/a><\/sup> and Western Pacific page<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>AIHW and WHO<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>health<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where the evidence agrees<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>The Pacific is warming and its ocean is hotter, with records in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Coastal exposure is high for island populations<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Compound and sequential hazards load health and services together<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where it is unsettled<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>How fast sea level is rising in the region and what that implies for relocation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How much of the Australian emissions change reflects land use, which the series treat on different bases<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How to read island states against a registry that holds one member<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEWS AND PREPRINTS<\/p><p>No news report or preprint binds a finding in this edition. News is used only to date events; preprints used from Q1 2027 will be flagged as not peer-reviewed.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Asian Development Bank (ed.), Pacific Economic Monitor (series page; latest edition listed, August 2024, Building Resilience the Pacific Way; no figure used). ADB, Manila. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Parliament of Australia (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Act 2022 (Cth) (2030 target of 43% below 2005 from a search summary; net zero by 2050 from memory). Canberra, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Australia (ed.), Australia\u2019s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution (62 to 70% below 2005; reported in a news summary found by search, base year and date not confirmed). Submission to the UNFCCC, September 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Pacific Islands Forum (ed.), 2050 Strategy for the Blue Pacific Continent (page opened; Implementation Plan 2023\u20132030; strategy document dated August 2022; regional emissions just over 1% of the global total). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, Suva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Pacific Islands Forum (ed.), 2050 Strategy for the Blue Pacific Continent: thematic areas (seven areas; 18 members). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, Suva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Pacific Islands Forum (ed.), Boe Declaration on Regional Security (2018; listed from memory). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, Suva, 2018. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Australia and Government of Tuvalu (eds.), Australia\u2013Tuvalu Falepili Union treaty (signed 2023; listed from memory). 2023. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNFCCC (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>. United Nations, Paris, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Clayton Utz (ed.), Australia\u2019s first National Climate <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/glossary\/risk-assessment\/\" data-tgl=\"Nexus Standards glossary\">Risk Assessment<\/a> Report and National Adaptation Plan (law firm briefing, October 2025; secondary summary of the Australian Government documents; the page and other reports give different release dates). Clayton Utz, Sydney. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Australian Government (ed.), National Climate Risk Assessment Report 2025 (existence from search results and from [24]; the department host returned 503). DCCEEW, Canberra, 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Pacific Islands News Association (ed.), Forum strategic plan sets six priorities to drive 2050 Blue Pacific vision (news report, 5 August 2026; Strategic Plan 2025\u20132030). PINA, Suva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n51\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">51<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Climate Change Authority (ed.), advice on Australia\u2019s 2035 emissions reduction target (the host returned 503). Climate Change Authority, Canberra, 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r51\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 51\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: H.-O. P\u00f6rtner, D. C. Roberts et al. (eds.), Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: H.-O. P\u00f6rtner, D. C. Roberts et al. (eds.), Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. IPCC, Geneva, 2019. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in the South-West Pacific 2024 (series page, published 5 June 2025). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), Ocean heat and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">sea-level rise<\/a> threaten communities in the South-West Pacific (news release on the 2024 report; 0.48 \u00b0C above 1991\u20132020, about 40 million km\u00b2 of marine heatwaves, more than half of Pacific islanders within 500 m of the coast, at least 50,000 islanders a year at displacement risk). WMO, Geneva, June 2025. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in the South-West Pacific 2024 report launch (event page; launch date 5 June 2025). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n52\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">52<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO (eds.), State of the Climate 2024 (the Bureau host returned 403). BoM and CSIRO, Canberra, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r52\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 52\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Bureau of Meteorology (ed.), Annual Climate Statement 2025 (national mean temperature 1.23 \u00b0C above the 1961\u20131990 average, fourth warmest since 1910\u201311, from search summaries; the Bureau host returned 403). BoM, Melbourne. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n53\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">53<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (ed.), State of Environment and Conservation in the Pacific Islands: 2020 Regional Report (listed from memory). SPREP, Apia, 2020. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r53\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 53\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), National, state and territory population, March 2026 (released 17 September 2026; 27,921,150 residents, up 392,700 or 1.4%). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Regional population, 2024\u201325 (released 31 March 2026; eight capital cities 18,750,888 at 30 June 2025). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states (source updated 2026-10-08). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Life expectancy, 2022\u20132024 (released 11 November 2025; 81.1 years for males, 85.1 for females). ABS, Canberra. Observation years 2022\u201324. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Water Account, Australia, 2023\u201324 (released 11 December 2025). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states (source updated 2026-10-08). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: renewable electricity output and electricity production from fossil sources (EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS, EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; no value after 2021. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: access to electricity (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, 2023) and people using safely managed drinking water services (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS, 2022; value returned for Fiji only), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: Ember (ed.), Australia electricity profile (page last updated 30 October 2026; 2025: wind and solar 33%, clean 39%, fossil 61%, coal 43%; no 2024 value and no TWh on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: terrestrial and marine protected areas (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS, ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; upstream UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: prevalence of undernourishment (SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; upstream FAO. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: forest area and agricultural land (AG.LND.FRST.ZS, AG.LND.AGRI.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; upstream FAO. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product, June 2026 (released 2 September 2026; GDP up 0.4% in the quarter and 2.1% in the year). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Agricultural Commodities, Australia, 2021\u201322 (final issue; the page carries two release dates; wheat 36 million tonnes, 369 million hectares of agricultural land). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), and GDP per capita (NY.GDP.PCAP.CD), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: urban population and population ages 65 and above (SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS, SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; upstream UN Population Division. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Renewable Energy Agency (ed.), Renewable Capacity Statistics 2026 (not read; the IRENA host returned 403). IRENA, Abu Dhabi. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 45\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Energy Agency (ed.), Australia 2023: Energy Policy Review (the IEA country page returned 403). IEA, Paris, 2023. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 46\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Australian Energy Market Operator (ed.), Quarterly Energy Dynamics (latest quarter at evidence close not read; the AEMO host returned 403). AEMO, Melbourne. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r47\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 47\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ed.), Australian Crop Report (latest edition not read; the ABARES host returned 503). ABARES, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n49\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">49<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: POST-CLOSE, context only: Murray-Darling Basin Authority (ed.), Basin water storage (storage on 1 November 2026 not read; the host returned 403). MDBA, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r49\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 49\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n50\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">50<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (ed.), Australia\u2019s Health 2024 (the AIHW host returned 403). AIHW, Canberra, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r50\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 50\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific (ed.), Noncommunicable diseases (topic page; about 12 million deaths from noncommunicable diseases in the Western Pacific Region in 2019; Pacific Islands\u2013WHO Multi-country Cooperation Strategy 2024\u20132029). WHO, Manila. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (ed.), National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Quarterly Update: March 2026 (released 28 August 2026; about 455.6 Mt CO\u2082e, down 1.6%, 25.0% below 2005; preliminary June 2026 estimate 452.4 Mt; all from search summaries; the department host returned 503). DCCEEW, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Pacific Islands Forum (ed.), Forum members (18 members, four associate members; Secretariat in Suva). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, Suva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-agenda\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/\">Oceania-Pacific 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 7<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">The 2027 agenda<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Eight bounded questions open the 2027 Regional Agenda. Each comes from a baseline finding, names the initiative that will carry it and the first output due at the Q1 2027 cut.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>6 tables<\/span><span>3 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.1<\/span><span>Questions for the operational series<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How would a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">cyclone<\/a> and marine-heatwave season load coasts, power <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and health services across the Coral Sea and nearby islands?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-OCP-CLI-01 \u00b7 compound season stress; first output: dependency graph for the Coral Sea corridor.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How do fuel imports and thin grid access shape the resilience of island power systems?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-OCP-ENE-02 \u00b7 power access and fuel; first output: access and supply register.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How do drought and low storage reach farming, towns and drinking water in Australia and on island atolls?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-OCP-WAT-03 \u00b7 water security; first output: water access note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How much of the heat and cyclone health burden can be attributed, by country and year?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-OCP-HLT-04 \u00b7 heat and health; first output: attribution baseline.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Where do disaster losses fall between insurers, households and public budgets?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-OCP-FIN-05 \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a>; first output: peril-by-country loss table.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">What is the condition of reefs and marine areas, and how is it measured across the region?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-OCP-BIO-01 \u00b7 workstream; first output: condition indicator note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How exposed are food output and food access to drought, heat and cyclone damage?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in Q1 2027; first output: scoping note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which capabilities have been tested in real events, and which are only documented?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">Regional capability register; first output: rung evidence for 15 functions.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.2<\/span><span>Portfolio proposed for the Q1 2027 alignment<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Six initiatives and one Universe mission candidate are proposed for the 2027 regional portfolio. They are programme objects, no partner, funder or member is attached to them in this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Objects proposed for the first operational quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Object<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-OCP-CLI-01<\/span><\/td><td>Compound season stress: <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">cyclone<\/a>, surge and heat<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-OCP-ENE-02<\/span><\/td><td>Power access and fuel resilience<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-02<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-OCP-WAT-03<\/span><\/td><td>Water security in dry years and on atolls<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-03<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-OCP-HLT-04<\/span><\/td><td>Heat and health attribution<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-04<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-OCP-FIN-05<\/span><\/td><td>Cyclone and flood <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-05<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PRJ-OCP-CLI-01a<\/span><\/td><td>Coral Sea corridor compound season dependency graph<\/td><td>Project<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MSN-OCP-2027-01<\/span><\/td><td>Ocean, coast and power Universe mission<\/td><td>Mission<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.3<\/span><span>The pathway<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The Oceania-Pacific regional pathway is the route through which the Nexus operating system will read Oceania-Pacific as one region from 2027. At baseline the pathway is designed and its hubs are named in the series registry; its working arrangements are set from Q1 2027. This page states what exists today and what comes next, nothing more.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Foundries<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">continuous national evidence environments<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">PREPARED \u00b7 first sealed cuts in Q1 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Models and Portfolios<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">each country as a system of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANADA v0 ISSUED \u00b7 25 further national baselines<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Quarterly national reports<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">State &amp; Agenda, Evidence, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stress Test<\/a>, Annual<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE STAGE \u00b7 Q1 2027 opens the series<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Regional aggregation<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Oceania-Pacific as one of ten regional clusters<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">THIS EDITION \u00b7 annual regional cut from 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Global sector and strategic models<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">GS-01\u202615 \u00b7 SR-01\u202614 \u00b7 XT-01\u202620<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">49 PLANNED \u00b7 pilots: GS-01, SR-01, XT-01<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Universe<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">annual proving environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANDIDATE MISSION \u00b7 global mandate in 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Global Report<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">this series<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE ISSUED \u00b7 2027 annual edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Evidence and correction<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">one graph, many projections<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">OPEN \u00b7 first federation-wide correction cycle in 2027<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.4<\/span><span>Universe 2027: evidence pack for the regional candidate mission<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Mandate<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Core Build \u00b7 1 month<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Action \u00b7 1 week<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Evidence seal<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Portfolio correction<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Next mandate<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Universe 2027: evidence pack for the regional candidate mission<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Record<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Timing<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>F1<\/td><td>Annual mandate record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>after the Q2 2027 alignment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F2<\/td><td>Core Build record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>one month before the exercise<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F3<\/td><td>Exercise evidence<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>during the Action week<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F4<\/td><td>Decision packets<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>exercise state only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F5<\/td><td>Proof receipts<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>scoped to each recorded check<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F6<\/td><td>After-action report<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>within one quarter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F7<\/td><td>Upgrade docket<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>routed to the Portfolio<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F8<\/td><td>Portfolio renewal<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>2027 regional annual edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F9<\/td><td>Public synthesis<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>public-safe extracts only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Mission<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>ID<\/dt><dd>MSN-OCP-2027-01 \u00b7 Ocean, coast and power Universe mission<\/dd><dt>Role spine<\/dt><dd>Leadership sponsor (NLC) \u00b7 Institutional anchor (NNC) \u00b7 Mission lead (NWG)<\/dd><dt>Receiving actors<\/dt><dd>to be identified with the mandate<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Simulation success is not deployment approval; demonstration is not certification; finance readiness is not financing secured.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.5<\/span><span>Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Where the baseline\u2019s findings go next. A handoff routes a finding for awareness, review or work; it transfers no authority.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Finding<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Routed to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Purpose<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CLI-001 \u00b7 emissions<\/td><td>public record<\/td><td>reference for the 2027 series<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CLI-006 \u00b7 ocean warmth<\/td><td>INI-OCP-CLI-01<\/td><td>compound season graph<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CLI-007 \u00b7 coastal exposure<\/td><td>INI-OCP-CLI-01<\/td><td>coastal exposure note<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ENE-005 \u00b7 electricity access<\/td><td>INI-OCP-ENE-02<\/td><td>power access and fuel<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WAT-008 \u00b7 water use<\/td><td>INI-OCP-WAT-03<\/td><td>water security<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FOO-009 \u00b7 undernourishment<\/td><td>scoping note<\/td><td>food access<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>BIO-011 \u00b7 protected areas<\/td><td>INI-OCP-BIO-01<\/td><td>condition indicator<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SYS-012 \u00b7 compound pathway<\/td><td>MSN-OCP-2027-01<\/td><td>Universe candidate<\/td><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Routing rules by publication class<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Where it goes<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Who can see it<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>PUBLIC<\/td><td>the published edition and its evidence bundle<\/td><td>anyone<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><td>governed rooms of the federation<\/td><td>consortium members under agreement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONTROLLED<\/td><td>need-to-know channels<\/td><td>named competent actors only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Handoffs carry findings to Nexus programme objects and steward reviews. States and organisations receive public editions as published; nothing here instructs them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.6<\/span><span>Feeds and signal register<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Feeds watched from Q1 2027<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Feed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Producer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Latency<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Feeds into<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>WMO regional assessments<\/td><td>WMO<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI findings<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population<\/td><td>ABS and World Bank<\/td><td>quarterly and annual<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Greenhouse gas inventories<\/td><td>DCCEEW and World Bank<\/td><td>quarterly and annual<\/td><td>CLI-001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity generation<\/td><td>Ember and AEMO<\/td><td>annual and quarterly<\/td><td>ENE-004<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity access<\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>ENE-005<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water use<\/td><td>ABS<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>WAT-008<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food and health indicators<\/td><td>World Bank and ABS<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FOO-009 \u00b7 HLT-010<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Escalation routes<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">none \u00b7 keep monitoring<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">research question<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">project<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">risk object<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">quarterly publication<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">signal report<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Signals at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Signal<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Corroboration<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>SIG-OCP-001<\/td><td>Warmest year in the South-West Pacific, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 WAT<\/td><td>risk object RSK-OCP-CLI-001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-OCP-002<\/td><td>Electricity access spread<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>ENE \u00b7 HLT<\/td><td>research question A-02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-OCP-003<\/td><td>Coastal exposure of island populations<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 INF<\/td><td>research question A-01<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A signal is not a warning. Signal records never substitute for official alerting or early-warning authorities, and they bypass no publication control.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), Ocean heat and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">sea-level rise<\/a> threaten communities in the South-West Pacific (news release on the 2024 report; 0.48 \u00b0C above 1991\u20132020, about 40 million km\u00b2 of marine heatwaves, more than half of Pacific islanders within 500 m of the coast, at least 50,000 islanders a year at displacement risk). WMO, Geneva, June 2025. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: access to electricity (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, 2023) and people using safely managed drinking water services (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS, 2022; value returned for Fiji only), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: H.-O. P\u00f6rtner, D. C. Roberts et al. (eds.), Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. IPCC, Geneva, 2019. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c7-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-systems-in-depth\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/\">Oceania-Pacific 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 8<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems in depth<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">One section per system: its state at evidence close, its exposures and what the operational series will watch.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>8 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>5 tables<\/span><span>22 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.1<\/span><span>Member countries: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The one member country named in the series registry, Australia, read beside reference groups. Pacific island states have no subject in the registry, so their World Bank series and the Pacific Islands Forum appear only as reference groups, and neither is joined to the region on a code.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">27.92<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Australia population, 31 March 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">591.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>Australia emissions excluding land use, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">33<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>wind and solar share of Australian electricity, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Member system cards at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Member<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Australia<\/td><td>population 27.92 million; emissions 591.5 Mt, about 21.7 t per person; wind and solar 33% of electricity; 22.0% of land and 45.4% of sea protected; water use 17,223 GL<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pacific Islands Forum reference group<\/td><td>18 members including Australia and New Zealand, and four associate members; the registry holds only Australia<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Papua New Guinea, World Bank series<\/td><td>population 10.58 million; emissions 10.8 Mt; electricity access 20.5%; undernourishment 29.7%; life expectancy 66.1 years<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fiji, World Bank series<\/td><td>population 0.93 million; emissions 2.75 Mt; renewables 60.1% of generation in 2021; safely managed drinking water 41.9% in 2022<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pacific island small states, World Bank aggregate<\/td><td>population 2.72 million; emissions 6.5 Mt; electricity access 88.9%; undernourishment 13.5%; 7.1% of sea area protected<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings across members<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 INF \u2192 FIN across exposed coasts of Australia and its neighbours<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 HLT where grid access is thin<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 FOO through drought and storm damage<\/li><li>FIN \u2190 CLI losses carried by insurers and budgets<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Pacific island state editions<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">cyclone<\/a> loss series by country<\/li><li>Pacific electricity mix after 2021<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Registry decisions on Pacific island subjects, the June 2026 inventory update and the next WMO regional assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Australia keeps ownership of its own edition. This chapter compares indicators; it assesses no country and builds no league table.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.2<\/span><span>Shared basins and grids: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The ocean basin, power access and the coast carry risk across borders in this region. This chapter names each system, the countries involved and the evidence read at baseline. Rows without a source are designed empty states.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">40<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million km\u00b2<\/span><p><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h12\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.ocean-state.marine-heatwave\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Ocean-state extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of unusually warm sea water that stresses reefs, fish and kelp and fuels storms and rain.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H12\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">marine heatwave<\/a> area, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">18<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">members<\/span><p>Pacific Islands Forum<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">just over 1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>regional share of global emissions, as the Forum states<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Shared basins and seas<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Basin<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Members involved<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>South-West Pacific ocean basin<\/td><td>Australia and the island states of the wider Pacific; WMO region<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coral Sea and Great Barrier Reef<\/td><td>Australia and Papua New Guinea; no condition source read<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n53\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r53\" aria-label=\"Note 53\">53<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Murray-Darling Basin<\/td><td>Australia only; storage not bound<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n49\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r49\" aria-label=\"Note 49\">49<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pacific island coasts<\/td><td>Forum members; more than half of islanders within 500 m of the coast<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Shared grids and gas networks<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Grid<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Members involved<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Australian National Electricity Market<\/td><td>wind and solar 33% of national electricity in 2025; market data not bound<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n47\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r47\" aria-label=\"Note 47\">47<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Island power <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/td><td>access 20.5% in Papua New Guinea and 88.9% in the Pacific island small states, 2023<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fuel supply<\/td><td>island dependence on imported fuel not bound; Australian energy flows in ABS accounts<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n46\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r46\" aria-label=\"Note 46\">46<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Regional cooperation<\/td><td>Forum Strategic Plan 2025 to 2030 and 2050 Strategy<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate-security link<\/td><td>Boe Declaration treats <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">climate change<\/a> as a security issue; not read<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings through shared systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 INF \u2192 FIN storm damage and loss across borders<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 HLT access gaps into clinics and cold chains<\/li><li>TRD \u2192 ENE fuel route change into island power<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 FOO drought and salt intrusion into crops<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>sea-level rate<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">cyclone<\/a> losses by country<\/li><li>island fuel stocks<\/li><li>basin storage<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>The southern-hemisphere cyclone season, sea-surface temperature outlooks and the Forum implementation dashboard<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>The Forum, national meteorological services and utilities hold these mandates. This chapter assesses none of them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.3<\/span><span>Hub list: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The hubs the series registry names for this region and for its member country. The list is read from the registry, so a change there changes this page.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Registry<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Regional hubs<\/dt><dd>To be designated<\/dd><dt>Desks with a remit<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 GRX<\/dd><dt>Registry record<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Member hubs as the registry names them<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Hub<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Member<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Registry role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Member edition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>not named in the registry<\/td><td>Australia<\/td><td>G20<\/td><td>in preparation<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What a hub does in this series<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>The regional hub is recorded as to be designated<\/li><li>Hub terms of reference and contact points are not named at baseline<\/li><li>The registry names the desks with a remit; working arrangements follow from Q1 2027<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A hub is a place named in the registry. It is not an institution, an office or a mandate, and it gives no authority over any country.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.4<\/span><span>Regional pathway: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The regional pathway is the route through which the series will read Oceania-Pacific as one region from 2027. This page states what exists today and what comes next. It does not describe any body that has not been constituted.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The regional pathway at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Stage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What exists today<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Regional hub<\/td><td>the registry records the hub as to be designated<\/td><td>OPEN<\/td><td>designation before Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Desks<\/td><td>GCRI, GRF and GRX hold the remit for regional editions in the registry<\/td><td>NAMED<\/td><td>work plan for Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence graph<\/td><td>member and regional findings share identifiers<\/td><td>PREPARED<\/td><td>first sealed cut NQ-REG-OCP-2027-Q1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Member editions<\/td><td>Australia in preparation<\/td><td>MIXED<\/td><td>review through the chain before release<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Open at baseline<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Whether Pacific island states are admitted as registry subjects<\/li><li>Designation of a regional hub, terms of reference and contact points<\/li><li>The route from the Forum reference group to any registry record<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Decisions that rest elsewhere<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Energy, water and health policy rest with national governments<\/li><li>Regional strategy rests with the Pacific Islands Forum; this edition cites it and decides nothing<\/li><li>The Forum is not merged with Oceania-Pacific on code<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>The pathway is a design. It does not set priorities for a government or a forum and assesses no authority.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), National, state and territory population, March 2026 (released 17 September 2026; 27,921,150 residents, up 392,700 or 1.4%). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states (source updated 2026-10-08). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: Ember (ed.), Australia electricity profile (page last updated 30 October 2026; 2025: wind and solar 33%, clean 39%, fossil 61%, coal 43%; no 2024 value and no TWh on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: terrestrial and marine protected areas (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS, ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; upstream UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Water Account, Australia, 2023\u201324 (released 11 December 2025). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Pacific Islands Forum (ed.), Forum members (18 members, four associate members; Secretariat in Suva). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, Suva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states (source updated 2026-10-08). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: access to electricity (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, 2023) and people using safely managed drinking water services (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS, 2022; value returned for Fiji only), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: prevalence of undernourishment (SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; upstream FAO. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: life expectancy at birth, total (SP.DYN.LE00.IN), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: renewable electricity output and electricity production from fossil sources (EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS, EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; no value after 2021. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Department of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a>, Energy, the Environment and Water (ed.), National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Quarterly Update: March 2026 (released 28 August 2026; about 455.6 Mt CO\u2082e, down 1.6%, 25.0% below 2005; preliminary June 2026 estimate 452.4 Mt; all from search summaries; the department host returned 503). DCCEEW, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in the South-West Pacific 2024 (series page, published 5 June 2025). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), Ocean heat and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">sea-level rise<\/a> threaten communities in the South-West Pacific (news release on the 2024 report; 0.48 \u00b0C above 1991\u20132020, about 40 million km\u00b2 of marine heatwaves, more than half of Pacific islanders within 500 m of the coast, at least 50,000 islanders a year at displacement risk). WMO, Geneva, June 2025. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Pacific Islands Forum (ed.), 2050 Strategy for the Blue Pacific Continent (page opened; Implementation Plan 2023\u20132030; strategy document dated August 2022; regional emissions just over 1% of the global total). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, Suva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n53\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">53<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (ed.), State of Environment and Conservation in the Pacific Islands: 2020 Regional Report (listed from memory). SPREP, Apia, 2020. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r53\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 53\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n49\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">49<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: POST-CLOSE, context only: Murray-Darling Basin Authority (ed.), Basin water storage (storage on 1 November 2026 not read; the host returned 403). MDBA, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r49\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 49\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Australian Energy Market Operator (ed.), Quarterly Energy Dynamics (latest quarter at evidence close not read; the AEMO host returned 403). AEMO, Melbourne. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r47\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 47\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product, June 2026 (released 2 September 2026; GDP up 0.4% in the quarter and 2.1% in the year). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Energy Agency (ed.), Australia 2023: Energy Policy Review (the IEA country page returned 403). IEA, Paris, 2023. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r46\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 46\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Pacific Islands News Association (ed.), Forum strategic plan sets six priorities to drive 2050 Blue Pacific vision (news report, 5 August 2026; Strategic Plan 2025\u20132030). PINA, Suva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Pacific Islands Forum (ed.), Boe Declaration on Regional Security (2018; listed from memory). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, Suva, 2018. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-c8-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-methodology\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/\">Oceania-Pacific 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex A<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Methodology<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">How the edition was made: methods, the model card, the evidence cut and its age, the acceptance record and the glossary.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>13 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>13 tables<\/span><span>16 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.1<\/span><span>Methods<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The regional baseline uses published values and four simple derivations. Each is shown in full so that any reader can reproduce it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Methods<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">No.<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Derivation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Calculation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Result<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>(1)<\/td><td>Australia emissions per person excluding land use, 2024<\/td><td>591.454 \u00f7 27.194286<\/td><td>21.7 t CO\u2082e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(2)<\/td><td>Papua New Guinea emissions per person excluding land use, 2024<\/td><td>10.7611 \u00f7 10.576502<\/td><td>1.02 t CO\u2082e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(3)<\/td><td>Fiji emissions per person excluding land use, 2024<\/td><td>2.7509 \u00f7 0.928784<\/td><td>2.96 t CO\u2082e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(4)<\/td><td>Pacific island small states emissions per person excluding land use, 2024<\/td><td>6.5372 \u00f7 2.722467<\/td><td>2.40 t CO\u2082e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(5)<\/td><td>Ratio of GDP per person, Australia to the Pacific island small states, 2024<\/td><td>64,610 \u00f7 4,528<\/td><td>14.3 times<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling strength scale (matrix and model card)<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Strength<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>STRONG<\/td><td>a disruption in the source system has historically changed the target system\u2019s service or output within one season, in more than one region<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MODERATE<\/td><td>an effect is documented but buffered or slower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEAK<\/td><td>an effect is plausible but not documented at regional scale<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Status grammar<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rule<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>value as issued by its source, with year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>reasoned from cited evidence; never a measurement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus analytical value with stated method<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>conditional on stated assumptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>structured editorial judgement awaiting evidence<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.2<\/span><span>Model card: Regional System Model v0<\/span><\/h2><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model ID<\/dt><dd>MDL-OCP-REGIONAL \u00b7 v0.1<\/dd><dt>Purpose<\/dt><dd>represent Oceania-Pacific as coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> across member countries, with forcing and transmission layers<\/dd><dt>Family<\/dt><dd>graph-based system of systems<\/dd><dt>Inputs<\/dt><dd>the cited sources of this edition; no proprietary data<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>expert-specified coupling strengths (STRONG \u00b7 MODERATE \u00b7 WEAK) from assessments and analogue events<\/dd><dt>Validation<\/dt><dd>none yet, first validation against federation evidence in 2027<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>qualitative; strengths are hypotheses, not measurements<\/dd><dt>Domain of validity<\/dt><dd>regional scale; not for national, basin or asset-level use<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>strength table and sources published in this edition<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">couplings<\/span><p>typed in v0<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strong<\/span><p>documented within one season<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">moderate<\/span><p>documented, buffered<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">weak<\/span><p>plausible, undocumented<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>framing the 2027 agenda; choosing which couplings to measure first; explaining the coupled reading of risk in Oceania-Pacific.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOT SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>quantitative loss estimates, country comparisons or rankings, operational decisions, or any claim about a specific asset.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">VERSIONING<\/p><p>Models are immutable by version. A change to any coupling, rule or weight produces v0.2 with its own card and correction note.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.3<\/span><span>The baseline evidence cut<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Every Nexus edition is published from a frozen evidence cut. The regional baseline cut is documentary: it pins the exact edition of every source cited. Federation cuts begin with the first national Foundry cuts in 2027.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Cut ID<\/dt><dd>NQ-REG-OCP-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Type<\/dt><dd>baseline documentary cut<\/dd><dt>Resolution policy<\/dt><dd>pinned \u00b7 as of 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Sources pinned<\/dt><dd>55 cited sources, each at the edition and access date in the references<\/dd><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>none at baseline, analytical values are stated with their method<\/dd><dt>Digest<\/dt><dd>computed at <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.hard-freeze\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"Air temperature falling well below freezing for hours, killing crops, bursting pipes and stopping water flow.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">freeze<\/a> and recorded in the publication record<\/dd><dt>Supersedes<\/dt><dd>nothing, first cut of the series<\/dd><dt>Superseded by<\/dt><dd>NQ-REG-OCP-2027-Q1-1 at the Q1 2027 close<\/dd><\/dl><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Lineage<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">source edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">pinned citation<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">finding<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">page<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">publication record<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">From the baseline cut to the federation cut<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Element<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2027 regional annual<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Sources<\/td><td>cited publications, pinned by edition<\/td><td>national, regional and sector cuts through one graph<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Analysis<\/td><td>stated methods and editorial estimates<\/td><td>typed analysis specifications<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Models<\/td><td>Regional System Model v0 specification<\/td><td>model runs with receipts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Findings<\/td><td>twelve baseline findings<\/td><td>findings re-bound to federation evidence<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Review<\/td><td>five passes scheduled<\/td><td>five passes on the exact digest<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.4<\/span><span>Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A 2026 edition rests on evidence observed in many different years. This page shows each time base, so that no single year label hides older evidence.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Observed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Released<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next release<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Population, Australia<\/td><td>March 2026<\/td><td>Sep 2026<\/td><td>quarterly<\/td><td>Dec 2026 release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Regional population<\/td><td>2024\u201325<\/td><td>Mar 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Emissions, World Bank series<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>Oct 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity generation, Australia<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Oct 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity access<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>Oct 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water Account<\/td><td>2023\u201324<\/td><td>Dec 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Life expectancy, ABS<\/td><td>2022\u20132024<\/td><td>Nov 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WMO South-West Pacific<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>Jun 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>next assessment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protected areas<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>Oct 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coverage by system at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Thinnest dimension<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Climate and hazards<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>sea-level rate; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">cyclone<\/a> losses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>Pacific mix after 2021; fuel stocks<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>access outside Fiji; basin storage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>farm output after 2022<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>heat burden<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>reef and coral condition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>insured and uninsured losses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Digital<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>dependency mapping<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Designed empty states: what is not bound, what would fill it and why<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Field<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source that would fill it<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Blocker<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Registry membership beyond Australia<\/td><td>series registry (data\/subjects.federation.json)<\/td><td>the registry holds one country entry for this region; Pacific island states have no subject, so no national edition can join this one<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Regional hub<\/td><td>series registry<\/td><td>the registry records the hub as to be designated<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">Sea-level rise<\/a> rate for the South-West Pacific, mm per year<\/td><td>WMO State of the Climate in the South-West Pacific 2024, full report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the pages opened state that sea level exceeds the global average but give no rate; the report file returned only images<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cyclone counts and losses for Pacific island countries, 2024 to 2026<\/td><td>Pacific Islands Forum, regional meteorological services and reinsurers<\/td><td>not retrieved; the WMO figures read cover the Philippines, outside the series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pacific island population totals and censuses<\/td><td>Pacific Community PDH.stat<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup> and UN World Population Prospects<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n44\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Pacific Data Hub returned 403; search results gave conflicting totals of 9.5 and 11 million for the member territories<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pacific island electricity generation mix after 2021<\/td><td>IRENA Renewable Capacity Statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n45\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>host returned 403; the World Bank series stops at 2021<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Latest-quarter renewable share of the Australian National Electricity Market<\/td><td>AEMO Quarterly Energy Dynamics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n47\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r47\" aria-label=\"Note 47\">47<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>host returned 403<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Australian inventory detail by sector and land use, year to March 2026<\/td><td>DCCEEW quarterly update<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>host returned 503; headline values come from a search summary only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h75\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive.heat-illness-surge\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Climate-sensitive illness\" data-td=\"A rise in heatstroke, dehydration and heat-worsened heart, lung and kidney illness during hot spells, overwhelming emergency care and killing older and isolated people.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H75\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/health\/\" data-txl=\"Health and biosecurity\">Heat-related deaths<\/a> and admissions in Australia and the Pacific<\/td><td>AIHW Australia\u2019s Health<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n50\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r50\" aria-label=\"Note 50\">50<\/a><\/sup> and WHO Western Pacific Region<\/td><td>host returned 403; no regional series located<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Murray-Darling Basin storage at 1 November 2026<\/td><td>Murray-Darling Basin Authority<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n49\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r49\" aria-label=\"Note 49\">49<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>host returned 403<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Winter crop production and farm output, 2025 to 2026<\/td><td>ABARES Australian Crop Report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>host returned 503; the ABS series opened ends in 2021\u201322<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Safely managed drinking water for Australia, Papua New Guinea and the Pacific island small states<\/td><td>WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme<\/td><td>the World Bank series returned no value for these three; only Fiji (2022) has one<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Great Barrier Reef and Pacific coral condition<\/td><td>Australian Institute of Marine Science monitoring and SPREP<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n53\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r53\" aria-label=\"Note 53\">53<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability rungs: <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a>, reserves, response, recovery, social protection, infrastructure, workforce<\/td><td>meteorological services, civil protection agencies, utilities and ministries<\/td><td>not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.5<\/span><span>Evidence cards: two anchor sources<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Quarterly. Role: binds the Australian population figure in the profile and regional reading. The total includes Other Territories.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-OCP-001<\/h3><p>Estimated resident population, March 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the World Bank, updated 8 October 2026. Annual. Role: binds the emissions, population and reference-series values. The Pacific island small states value is a World Bank aggregate.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-OCP-002<\/h3><p>World Bank World Development Indicators, 2024 emissions and population<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Quality dimensions at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Dimension<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-OCP-001<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-OCP-002<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Completeness<\/td><td>Australia from its statistics office; reference series for Fiji, Papua New Guinea and the Pacific island small states from one database<\/td><td>Australia and the reference series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Timeliness<\/td><td>about 6 months after the reference date<\/td><td>about 2 years after the reference year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Revision<\/td><td>ABS revises estimates in later releases<\/td><td>database revisions on each update<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Method transparency<\/td><td>published methodology<\/td><td>published methodology<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>External validation<\/td><td>not assessed in this edition<\/td><td>not assessed in this edition<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence cards to follow in Q1 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>DCCEEW quarterly inventory update<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup> : land-use treatment on one basis<\/li><li>WMO South-West Pacific full report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup> : sea-level rate<\/li><li>IRENA statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup> : island generation mix<\/li><li>Reports Foundational Edition<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n54\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r54\" aria-label=\"Note 54\">54<\/a><\/sup> and the global baseline<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup> : method and peer distributions<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.6<\/span><span>Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Editorial self-check at evidence close. Every applicable item carries a disposition; the remaining items are review, approval and deposit.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-tab9\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Group<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Area<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Items<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pass<\/th><th scope=\"col\">N\/A<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pending<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D1<\/td><td>Identity and scope<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>Source and data<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D3<\/td><td>Analysis and models<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D4<\/td><td>Findings and claims<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D5<\/td><td>Figures, tables, maps<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D6<\/td><td>Editorial and citations<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D7<\/td><td>Review and approval<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>13<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D8<\/td><td>Artefact and design<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D9<\/td><td>Registry and release<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication gate<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Conditions met<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close<\/dd><dt>Blocking problems<\/dt><dd>none recorded<\/dd><dt>Open conditions<\/dt><dd>reviews, approval of the exact digest, deposit, registry pointer<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Not applicable at baseline<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>first runs in Q1 2027<\/dd><dt>Maps<\/dt><dd>plates in Q2 2027<\/dd><dt>Waivers<\/dt><dd>none<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Dispositions are recorded item by item in the machine-readable checklist. A FAIL on any item blocks release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.7<\/span><span>Status words<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-tab10\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The status every value carries<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it means<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"positive\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Observed<\/span><\/td><td>Measured directly and published by the source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>Published statistics of an official or institutional source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Declared<\/span><\/td><td>Stated by the body concerned; not independently measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>A Nexus estimate from cited evidence, with its method in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Modelled<\/span><\/td><td>Produced by a stated model from cited inputs.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>Reasoned from cited evidence; not measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Forecast<\/span><\/td><td>A projection by the cited source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Simulated<\/span><\/td><td>A simulation result under stated assumptions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>A conditional statement under stated assumptions; never a prediction.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>Expert judgement, recorded with its basis.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><td>Proposed for a later edition; not yet evidence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Evidence-quality levels (EQL 1 to 5) grade the source behind a value; they are not a score of the subject.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.8<\/span><span>How the edition is made, released and corrected<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">Every edition is built from a sealed evidence cut, reviewed under three keys, signed and deposited before any site shows it as published; corrections go to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> as change proposals and feed the next cut.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Evidence arrives from the pillars<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Foundry seals observations and indicator series, Universe hands over after-action and scenario findings, and contributions are screened at every gateway, including this site&#8217;s.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 The cut is sealed<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">On the cut date the evidence is pinned under one identifier, so anyone can rebuild the edition from exactly what it was built on.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 The edition is assembled<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The edition is drafted from its template and content pack. Agents may draft; they never publish and never decide.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 The keys turn<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">At the publisher of record the truth key comes first: every value is checked against its source or stated method before the meaning and capital keys turn. No edition moves on until every key has been turned by a named steward.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 The gate opens<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A named approver releases one exact digest of the edition; any change after this point is a new version, never a silent edit.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Signed and deposited<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The PDF, the web edition and the data bundle are signed together with a manifest and an RO-Crate description, and deposited on Zenodo with a concept and a version DOI.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">07 Published on its desk&#8217;s site<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Only then does the edition show as published on its desk&#8217;s Reports site, and the Collection lists it as a part.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">08 Corrections go to Standards<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Method and correction findings go to Nexus Standards as change proposals; citations, corrections and new contributions feed the next evidence cut.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of the process, not a forecast and not a record of any run; dates and counts on this page come from the programme record. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/governance\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Reports governance at GCRI Canada<\/a> (2026); Zenodo, repository of record for Reports deposits (2026).<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">Lifecycle, one state at a time: Draft, Computed, Evidence bound, Reviewed, Approved for release, Published, Corrected, Superseded. This edition is a draft.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.9<\/span><span>Glossary and abbreviations<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-tab11\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Series terms<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Baseline Edition<\/td><td>the inaugural annual edition that fixes the reference state for the series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEFH+B<\/td><td>water, energy, food, health and biodiversity, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/governance-in-operation\/national-nexus\" data-tc=\"National Nexus\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The national model: the NNC, the NLC and the NWG as its three participation pillars, with the National Desk, Model and Portfolio and the NSC as the standards function of the NNC (OR-13)\">national nexus<\/a> core<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coupling<\/td><td>a typed dependency through which one system transmits to another<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">Protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>the share of losses not covered by insurance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability ladder<\/td><td>LISTED \u2192 EXISTS \u2192 ADEQUATE \u2192 TESTED \u2192 DEMONSTRATED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EQL<\/td><td>evidence-quality level, 1\u20135<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence cut<\/td><td>a frozen resolution of exact sources and versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NNC \u00b7 NLC \u00b7 NWG<\/td><td>National Nexus Consortium \u00b7 National Leadership Council \u00b7 National Working Groups<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-tab12\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.12<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Abbreviations used in this edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Abbreviation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Expansion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>ABS<\/td><td>Australian Bureau of Statistics<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ADB<\/td><td>Asian Development Bank<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AEMO<\/td><td>Australian Energy Market Operator<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>BoM<\/td><td>Bureau of Meteorology<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DCCEEW<\/td><td>Department of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a>, Energy, the Environment and Water<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GL<\/td><td>gigalitre<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IPCC<\/td><td>Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LULUCF<\/td><td>land use, land-use change and forestry<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PIF<\/td><td>Pacific Islands Forum<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SPC<\/td><td>Pacific Community<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SPREP<\/td><td>Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UNDRR<\/td><td>United Nations Office for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WHO<\/td><td>World Health Organization<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WMO<\/td><td>World Meteorological Organization<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.10<\/span><span>Technical annex<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-tab13\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.13<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Technical annex<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Annex<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contents<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A.1<\/td><td>Indicator definitions<\/td><td>the regional indicator set, with units and sources<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.2<\/td><td>Coupling strengths<\/td><td>the twenty-cell matrix and its rationale<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.3<\/td><td>Scenario specification<\/td><td>SCN-OCP-CYC-01 assumptions and signposts<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.4<\/td><td>Capability placements<\/td><td>rung evidence for fifteen functions<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.5<\/td><td>Model diagnostics<\/td><td>first runs and validation<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.6<\/td><td>Sensitivity analyses<\/td><td>influence of coupling strengths<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.7<\/td><td>Member-country notes<\/td><td>atlas cards for every member country<\/td><td>Q2 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.8<\/td><td>Review statements<\/td><td>pass-by-pass review record<\/td><td>AT RELEASE<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">A.1 \u00b7 indicator definition: emissions excluding land use<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Construct<\/dt><dd>annual greenhouse gas emissions without land use, land-use change and forestry<\/dd><dt>Unit<\/dt><dd>Mt CO\u2082e<\/dd><dt>Scope<\/dt><dd>calendar year<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>World Bank World Development Indicators, series EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Revision<\/dt><dd>revised by the issuer; not tracked here<\/dd><dt>Known limits<\/dt><dd>differs from the national inventory figure, which includes land use<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Annexes carry the same evidence, review and correction rules as the chapters and are versioned with the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in the South-West Pacific 2024 (series page, published 5 June 2025). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Pacific Community (ed.), PDH.stat population projections and estimates (Pacific Data Hub; the host returned 403; a search result noted a change of basis to UN World Population Prospects 2024 in April 2025). SPC, Noumea. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (ed.), World Population Prospects 2024. United Nations, New York, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r44\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 44\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Renewable Energy Agency (ed.), Renewable Capacity Statistics 2026 (not read; the IRENA host returned 403). IRENA, Abu Dhabi. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r45\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 45\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Australian Energy Market Operator (ed.), Quarterly Energy Dynamics (latest quarter at evidence close not read; the AEMO host returned 403). AEMO, Melbourne. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r47\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 47\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Department of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a>, Energy, the Environment and Water (ed.), National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Quarterly Update: March 2026 (released 28 August 2026; about 455.6 Mt CO\u2082e, down 1.6%, 25.0% below 2005; preliminary June 2026 estimate 452.4 Mt; all from search summaries; the department host returned 503). DCCEEW, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n50\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">50<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (ed.), Australia\u2019s Health 2024 (the AIHW host returned 403). AIHW, Canberra, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r50\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 50\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n49\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">49<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: POST-CLOSE, context only: Murray-Darling Basin Authority (ed.), Basin water storage (storage on 1 November 2026 not read; the host returned 403). MDBA, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r49\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 49\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ed.), Australian Crop Report (latest edition not read; the ABARES host returned 503). ABARES, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Agricultural Commodities, Australia, 2021\u201322 (final issue; the page carries two release dates; wheat 36 million tonnes, 369 million hectares of agricultural land). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n53\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">53<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (ed.), State of Environment and Conservation in the Pacific Islands: 2020 Regional Report (listed from memory). SPREP, Apia, 2020. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r53\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 53\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), National, state and territory population, March 2026 (released 17 September 2026; 27,921,150 residents, up 392,700 or 1.4%). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states (source updated 2026-10-08). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states (source updated 2026-10-08). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n54\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">54<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports: The Foundational Edition, Volumes I and II. Reports series, Edition 2026\u20132030, V1.0. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r54\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 54\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition (draft pack read as the structural base of this edition). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ca-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-data\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/\">Oceania-Pacific 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex B<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Data appendix<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>11 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>7 tables<\/span><span>28 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.1<\/span><span>The indicator set<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Baseline indicator set<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Australia population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">27.92<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>31 Mar 2026<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Australia population, World Bank series<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">27.19<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Papua New Guinea population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">10.58<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pacific island small states population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">2.72<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fiji population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">0.93<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Australia emissions excluding land use<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">591.5<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Australia emissions per person<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">21.7<\/span><\/td><td>t CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Papua New Guinea emissions per person<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1.02<\/span><\/td><td>t CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wind and solar share of Australian electricity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">33<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity access, Papua New Guinea<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">20.5<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity access, Pacific island small states<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">88.9<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h12\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.ocean-state.marine-heatwave\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Ocean-state extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of unusually warm sea water that stresses reefs, fish and kelp and fuels storms and rain.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H12\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">Marine heatwave<\/a> area<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">40<\/span><\/td><td>million km\u00b2<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pacific islanders at risk of displacement, at least<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">50,000<\/span><\/td><td>people a year<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water consumed, Australia<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">17,223<\/span><\/td><td>GL<\/td><td>2023\u201324<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>People undernourished, Papua New Guinea<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">29.7<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Marine area protected, Australia<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">45.4<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">Sea-level rise<\/a> rate, South-West Pacific<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>mm a year<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pacific island electricity mix after 2021<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n45\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Murray-Darling Basin storage<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n49\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r49\" aria-label=\"Note 49\">49<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h75\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive.heat-illness-surge\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Climate-sensitive illness\" data-td=\"A rise in heatstroke, dehydration and heat-worsened heart, lung and kidney illness during hot spells, overwhelming emergency care and killing older and isolated people.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H75\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/health\/\" data-txl=\"Health and biosecurity\">Heat-related deaths<\/a>, Australia<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>deaths<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n50\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r50\" aria-label=\"Note 50\">50<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-actions nrp-noprint\"><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:text\/csv;charset=utf-8,Indicator%2CValue%2CUnit%2CYear%2CState%2CSource%0AAustralia%20population%2C27.92%2Cmillion%2C31%20Mar%202026%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0A%22Australia%20population%2C%20World%20Bank%20series%22%2C27.19%2Cmillion%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B7%5D%0APapua%20New%20Guinea%20population%2C10.58%2Cmillion%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B7%5D%0APacific%20island%20small%20states%20population%2C2.72%2Cmillion%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B7%5D%0AFiji%20population%2C0.93%2Cmillion%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B7%5D%0AAustralia%20emissions%20excluding%20land%20use%2C591.5%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B8%5D%0AAustralia%20emissions%20per%20person%2C21.7%2Ct%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CESTIMATED%2C%5B8%5D%0APapua%20New%20Guinea%20emissions%20per%20person%2C1.02%2Ct%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CESTIMATED%2C%5B8%5D%0AWind%20and%20solar%20share%20of%20Australian%20electricity%2C33%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B28%5D%0A%22Electricity%20access%2C%20Papua%20New%20Guinea%22%2C20.5%2C%25%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B14%5D%0A%22Electricity%20access%2C%20Pacific%20island%20small%20states%22%2C88.9%2C%25%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B14%5D%0AMarine%20heatwave%20area%2C40%2Cmillion%20km%C2%B2%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B18%5D%0A%22Pacific%20islanders%20at%20risk%20of%20displacement%2C%20at%20least%22%2C%2250%2C000%22%2Cpeople%20a%20year%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B18%5D%0A%22Water%20consumed%2C%20Australia%22%2C%2217%2C223%22%2CGL%2C2023%E2%80%9324%2CREPORTED%2C%5B4%5D%0A%22People%20undernourished%2C%20Papua%20New%20Guinea%22%2C29.7%2C%25%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B13%5D%0A%22Marine%20area%20protected%2C%20Australia%22%2C45.4%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B11%5D%0A%22Sea-level%20rise%20rate%2C%20South-West%20Pacific%22%2CNot%20bound%2Cmm%20a%20year%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B17%5D%0APacific%20island%20electricity%20mix%20after%202021%2CNot%20bound%2C%25%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B45%5D%0AMurray-Darling%20Basin%20storage%2CNot%20bound%2C%25%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B49%5D%0A%22Heat-related%20deaths%2C%20Australia%22%2CNot%20bound%2Cdeaths%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B50%5D%0A\" download=\"NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-indicators.csv\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, CSV<\/a><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:application\/json;charset=utf-8,%7B%0A%20%22edition%22%3A%20%22NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE%22%2C%0A%20%22title%22%3A%20%22Oceania-Pacific%20Regional%20Systems%20Risk%20and%20Resilience%20Report%202026%3A%20Baseline%20Edition%2C%20The%20State%20of%20Oceania-Pacific%E2%80%99s%20Interdependent%20Systems.%22%2C%0A%20%22status%22%3A%20%22Draft%20under%20stewardship%20review%3B%20not%20yet%20released%22%2C%0A%20%22licence%22%3A%20%22CC-BY-4.0%20for%20the%20edition%20table%3B%20each%20value%20keeps%20its%20source's%20licence%22%2C%0A%20%22columns%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%22Indicator%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Value%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Unit%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Year%22%2C%0A%20%20%22State%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Source%22%0A%20%5D%2C%0A%20%22rows%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Australia%20population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2227.92%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2231%20Mar%202026%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Australia%20population%2C%20World%20Bank%20series%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2227.19%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B7%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Papua%20New%20Guinea%20population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2210.58%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B7%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Pacific%20island%20small%20states%20population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222.72%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B7%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Fiji%20population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%220.93%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B7%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Australia%20emissions%20excluding%20land%20use%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22591.5%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B8%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Australia%20emissions%20per%20person%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2221.7%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22t%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22ESTIMATED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B8%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Papua%20New%20Guinea%20emissions%20per%20person%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221.02%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22t%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22ESTIMATED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B8%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Wind%20and%20solar%20share%20of%20Australian%20electricity%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2233%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B28%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Electricity%20access%2C%20Papua%20New%20Guinea%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2220.5%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B14%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Electricity%20access%2C%20Pacific%20island%20small%20states%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2288.9%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B14%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Marine%20heatwave%20area%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2240%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%20km%C2%B2%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B18%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Pacific%20islanders%20at%20risk%20of%20displacement%2C%20at%20least%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2250%2C000%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22people%20a%20year%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B18%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Water%20consumed%2C%20Australia%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2217%2C223%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22GL%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%E2%80%9324%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B4%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22People%20undernourished%2C%20Papua%20New%20Guinea%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2229.7%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B13%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Marine%20area%20protected%2C%20Australia%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2245.4%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B11%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Sea-level%20rise%20rate%2C%20South-West%20Pacific%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22mm%20a%20year%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B17%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Pacific%20island%20electricity%20mix%20after%202021%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B45%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Murray-Darling%20Basin%20storage%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B49%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Heat-related%20deaths%2C%20Australia%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22deaths%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B50%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%0A%20%5D%0A%7D\" download=\"NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-indicators.json\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, JSON<\/a><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOTES<\/p><p>Per-person values and the income ratio are Nexus arithmetic and are labelled ESTIMATED; the method is in the technical layer. Rows marked NOT BOUND name the source that would fill them. Fiji, Papua New Guinea and the Pacific island small states are World Bank reference series and are not members of this region. A machine-readable copy of this table is published with the evidence bundle at release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.2<\/span><span>Regional source register<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Domains bound by the register<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">WAT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ENE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FOO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">HLT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">BIO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">CLI<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">INF<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FIN<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">TRD<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">MIN<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional source register<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Category<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Period<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Population<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national statistics and indicator database<\/td><td>Australia, reference series<\/td><td>2024\u20132026<\/td><td>quarterly and annual<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Emissions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>indicator database and agency<\/td><td>Australia, reference series<\/td><td>2024\u20132026<\/td><td>annual and quarterly<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>indicator database and think tank<\/td><td>Australia, reference series<\/td><td>2021\u20132025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>ENE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Regional climate<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>agency assessment<\/td><td>region<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national statistics<\/td><td>Australia, Fiji<\/td><td>2022\u20132024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>WAT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food and health<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>statistics and indicator database<\/td><td>Australia, reference series<\/td><td>2022\u20132024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FOO, HLT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protected areas<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>indicator database<\/td><td>Australia, reference series<\/td><td>2022\u20132024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>BIO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Regional strategy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>regional body<\/td><td>Forum members<\/td><td>2022\u20132026<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>policy<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FIXTURE PROHIBITION<\/p><p>No demonstration or reference-cartographic fixture is used as evidence in this edition. The publication gate checks every binding against this register.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.3<\/span><span>Regional reading: Oceania-Pacific by member country<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Map plates for every member country follow in Q2 2027, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form for the 1 member countries named in the series registry.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Member population<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/h3><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">27.92<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Australia<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional reading: Oceania-Pacific by member country<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Member<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Principal hazards<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems most exposed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Australia<\/td><td>warmest-year and marine-heatwave signals for the South-West Pacific<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>; national hazard assessment issued<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>water, energy, climate<\/td><td>population 27.92 million; emissions 591.5 Mt; wind and solar 33%; 22.0% of land and 45.4% of sea protected<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>; national edition in preparation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n55\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r55\" aria-label=\"Note 55\">55<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Regional readings summarise the cited evidence. They are not risk ratings of any member country.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.4<\/span><span>Atlas card: South-West Pacific ocean basin<\/span><\/h2><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">basin<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">shared ocean system<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">coast, reef and fisheries<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">reference group: Pacific Islands Forum<\/li><\/ul><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Systems in view<\/dt><dd>ocean heat, coasts, power and food<\/dd><dt>Defining instruments<\/dt><dd>2050 Strategy for the Blue Pacific Continent<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup>; <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Couplings<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 INF \u2192 FIN; CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 FOO<\/dd><dt>Capability evidence<\/dt><dd>a regional forum with 18 members exists<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup>; performance not bound<\/dd><dt>Gaps<\/dt><dd>sea-level rate, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">cyclone<\/a> losses and reef condition<\/dd><dt>Agenda items<\/dt><dd>A-01<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The WMO assessment reports marine heatwaves over about 40 million km\u00b2 and a record-warm year in the South-West Pacific in 2024 [18]. Basin-wide sea-level series are not bound.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">OCEAN<\/h3><p>A shared ocean system<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">More than half of the people of the Pacific islands live within 500 m of the coast [18]. Coastal population by country is not bound.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">COAST<\/h3><p>Where people live<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Source: utility and regulator records. Blocker: not retrieved at evidence close. The World Bank access series is in the dashboard [14].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">POWER<\/h3><p>Access and fuel<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Atlas cards are generated for every member country from Q2 2027 with consistent fields and evidence-age labels. The ocean basin is shown first because it holds the clearest shared coupling for this region.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.5<\/span><span>Oceania-Pacific system card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The card through which Oceania-Pacific appears in the global edition and in the sector series. It summarises; it does not rank.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Oceania-Pacific system card<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline state<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>Australia used 17,223 GL in 2023\u201324<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>; access outside Fiji not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>drought into farming and towns<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>wind and solar 33% in Australia<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup>; access 20.5% in Papua New Guinea<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>fuel and grid access<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>undernourishment 29.7% in Papua New Guinea<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">cyclone<\/a> and drought damage<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>life expectancy 81.1 and 85.1 years in Australia<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat and chronic disease load<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>45.4% of Australian sea area protected<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>condition not bound<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Context<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Archetype<\/dt><dd>one registry member beside a wider group of island states, linked by an ocean basin<\/dd><dt>Population<\/dt><dd>27.92 million in Australia (31 March 2026)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>; Papua New Guinea 10.58 million<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Economy<\/dt><dd>GDP per person US$64,610 in Australia and US$4,528 in the Pacific island small states, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Hazard<\/dt><dd>2024 the warmest year on record in the South-West Pacific<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The member editions (Australia) and this regional edition share finding identifiers where they read the same evidence, so a correction travels to every edition at once.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">MEMBER EDITIONS<\/h3><p>Same findings, same IDs<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Oceania-Pacific evidence enters the water, energy, food, finance and climate sector reports through the same finding identifiers.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES<\/h3><p>Regional evidence, sector reports<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">In the global edition Oceania-Pacific is read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL FLAGSHIP<\/h3><p>Peers, not ranks<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>External rankings, where cited, keep their own method and source. Nexus never converts them into a rating, and each member\u2019s ownership of its own edition is unaffected.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.6<\/span><span>Licences<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Licences of each kind of material<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Material<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Text<\/td><td>CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data<\/td><td>on the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td>Nexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maps<\/td><td>boundary source and licence printed on each plate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Metadata<\/td><td>CC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Third-party data, figures and text<\/td><td>The source&#8217;s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.7<\/span><span>Formats and provenance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">This edition in every format<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Format<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it is<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Web edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>Draft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Print edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indicator data<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CSV \u00b7 JSON<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>20 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE data release v1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">SVG \u00b7 PNG<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIG-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-*<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slides<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No slide deck is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence brief<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML \u00b7 PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No evidence brief is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dataset with DOI<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DataCite<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>Concept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Provenance<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Edition pack<\/dt><dd>The edition&#8217;s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built<\/dd><dt>Evidence cut<\/dt><dd>NQ-REG-OCP-2026-Q0-1, closed 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters<\/dd><dt>Self-check<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release<\/dd><dt>Review<\/dt><dd>five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>GCRI for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Corrections<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), National, state and territory population, March 2026 (released 17 September 2026; 27,921,150 residents, up 392,700 or 1.4%). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states (source updated 2026-10-08). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states (source updated 2026-10-08). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: Ember (ed.), Australia electricity profile (page last updated 30 October 2026; 2025: wind and solar 33%, clean 39%, fossil 61%, coal 43%; no 2024 value and no TWh on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: access to electricity (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, 2023) and people using safely managed drinking water services (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS, 2022; value returned for Fiji only), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), Ocean heat and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">sea-level rise<\/a> threaten communities in the South-West Pacific (news release on the 2024 report; 0.48 \u00b0C above 1991\u20132020, about 40 million km\u00b2 of marine heatwaves, more than half of Pacific islanders within 500 m of the coast, at least 50,000 islanders a year at displacement risk). WMO, Geneva, June 2025. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Water Account, Australia, 2023\u201324 (released 11 December 2025). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: prevalence of undernourishment (SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; upstream FAO. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: terrestrial and marine protected areas (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS, ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; upstream UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in the South-West Pacific 2024 (series page, published 5 June 2025). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Renewable Energy Agency (ed.), Renewable Capacity Statistics 2026 (not read; the IRENA host returned 403). IRENA, Abu Dhabi. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r45\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 45\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n49\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">49<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: POST-CLOSE, context only: Murray-Darling Basin Authority (ed.), Basin water storage (storage on 1 November 2026 not read; the host returned 403). MDBA, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r49\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 49\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n50\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">50<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (ed.), Australia\u2019s Health 2024 (the AIHW host returned 403). AIHW, Canberra, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r50\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 50\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Regional population, 2024\u201325 (released 31 March 2026; eight capital cities 18,750,888 at 30 June 2025). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Department of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a>, Energy, the Environment and Water (ed.), National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Quarterly Update: March 2026 (released 28 August 2026; about 455.6 Mt CO\u2082e, down 1.6%, 25.0% below 2005; preliminary June 2026 estimate 452.4 Mt; all from search summaries; the department host returned 503). DCCEEW, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: renewable electricity output and electricity production from fossil sources (EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS, EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; no value after 2021. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in the South-West Pacific 2024 report launch (event page; launch date 5 June 2025). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Life expectancy, 2022\u20132024 (released 11 November 2025; 81.1 years for males, 85.1 for females). ABS, Canberra. Observation years 2022\u201324. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: life expectancy at birth, total (SP.DYN.LE00.IN), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: forest area and agricultural land (AG.LND.FRST.ZS, AG.LND.AGRI.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; upstream FAO. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Pacific Islands Forum (ed.), 2050 Strategy for the Blue Pacific Continent (page opened; Implementation Plan 2023\u20132030; strategy document dated August 2022; regional emissions just over 1% of the global total). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, Suva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Pacific Islands Forum (ed.), 2050 Strategy for the Blue Pacific Continent: thematic areas (seven areas; 18 members). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, Suva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Pacific Islands Forum (ed.), Forum members (18 members, four associate members; Secretariat in Suva). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, Suva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Pacific Islands News Association (ed.), Forum strategic plan sets six priorities to drive 2050 Blue Pacific vision (news report, 5 August 2026; Strategic Plan 2025\u20132030). PINA, Suva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Clayton Utz (ed.), Australia\u2019s first National Climate <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/glossary\/risk-assessment\/\" data-tgl=\"Nexus Standards glossary\">Risk Assessment<\/a> Report and National Adaptation Plan (law firm briefing, October 2025; secondary summary of the Australian Government documents; the page and other reports give different release dates). Clayton Utz, Sydney. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n55\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">55<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Baseline Edition 2026 for Australia (draft; the specification and edition notes were read, not the built pack). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r55\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 55\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNFCCC (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>. United Nations, Paris, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), and GDP per capita (NY.GDP.PCAP.CD), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-part-references\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cc-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/\">Oceania-Pacific 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex C<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">References and record<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Every source the edition rests on, the publication record, the corrections log and the open record.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>15 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>0 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cc-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cc-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cc-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.1<\/span><span>55 sources<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">NR-CIT-1, editor first. A DOI is linked where the source has one; Nexus records carry a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> once the catalogue allocates it (NS-1).<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), National, state and territory population, March 2026 (released 17 September 2026; 27,921,150 residents, up 392,700 or 1.4%). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Regional population, 2024\u201325 (released 31 March 2026; eight capital cities 18,750,888 at 30 June 2025). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Life expectancy, 2022\u20132024 (released 11 November 2025; 81.1 years for males, 85.1 for females). ABS, Canberra. Observation years 2022\u201324. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Water Account, Australia, 2023\u201324 (released 11 December 2025). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product, June 2026 (released 2 September 2026; GDP up 0.4% in the quarter and 2.1% in the year). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Australian Bureau of Statistics (ed.), Agricultural Commodities, Australia, 2021\u201322 (final issue; the page carries two release dates; wheat 36 million tonnes, 369 million hectares of agricultural land). ABS, Canberra. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states (source updated 2026-10-08). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states (source updated 2026-10-08). World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), and GDP per capita (NY.GDP.PCAP.CD), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: renewable electricity output and electricity production from fossil sources (EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS, EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; no value after 2021. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: terrestrial and marine protected areas (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS, ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; upstream UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: life expectancy at birth, total (SP.DYN.LE00.IN), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: prevalence of undernourishment (SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; upstream FAO. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: access to electricity (EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, 2023) and people using safely managed drinking water services (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS, 2022; value returned for Fiji only), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: forest area and agricultural land (AG.LND.FRST.ZS, AG.LND.AGRI.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; upstream FAO. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: urban population and population ages 65 and above (SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS, SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Pacific island small states; upstream UN Population Division. World Bank, Washington DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in the South-West Pacific 2024 (series page, published 5 June 2025). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), Ocean heat and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">sea-level rise<\/a> threaten communities in the South-West Pacific (news release on the 2024 report; 0.48 \u00b0C above 1991\u20132020, about 40 million km\u00b2 of marine heatwaves, more than half of Pacific islanders within 500 m of the coast, at least 50,000 islanders a year at displacement risk). WMO, Geneva, June 2025. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in the South-West Pacific 2024 report launch (event page; launch date 5 June 2025). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Pacific Islands Forum (ed.), 2050 Strategy for the Blue Pacific Continent (page opened; Implementation Plan 2023\u20132030; strategy document dated August 2022; regional emissions just over 1% of the global total). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, Suva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Pacific Islands Forum (ed.), 2050 Strategy for the Blue Pacific Continent: thematic areas (seven areas; 18 members). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, Suva. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Pacific Islands Forum (ed.), Forum members (18 members, four associate members; Secretariat in Suva). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, Suva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Pacific Islands News Association (ed.), Forum strategic plan sets six priorities to drive 2050 Blue Pacific vision (news report, 5 August 2026; Strategic Plan 2025\u20132030). PINA, Suva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Clayton Utz (ed.), Australia\u2019s first National Climate <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/glossary\/risk-assessment\/\" data-tgl=\"Nexus Standards glossary\">Risk Assessment<\/a> Report and National Adaptation Plan (law firm briefing, October 2025; secondary summary of the Australian Government documents; the page and other reports give different release dates). Clayton Utz, Sydney. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Asian Development Bank (ed.), Pacific Economic Monitor (series page; latest edition listed, August 2024, Building Resilience the Pacific Way; no figure used). ADB, Manila. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific (ed.), Noncommunicable diseases (topic page; about 12 million deaths from noncommunicable diseases in the Western Pacific Region in 2019; Pacific Islands\u2013WHO Multi-country Cooperation Strategy 2024\u20132029). WHO, Manila. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition (draft pack read as the structural base of this edition). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: Ember (ed.), Australia electricity profile (page last updated 30 October 2026; 2025: wind and solar 33%, clean 39%, fossil 61%, coal 43%; no 2024 value and no TWh on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Bureau of Meteorology (ed.), Annual Climate Statement 2025 (national mean temperature 1.23 \u00b0C above the 1961\u20131990 average, fourth warmest since 1910\u201311, from search summaries; the Bureau host returned 403). BoM, Melbourne. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Department of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a>, Energy, the Environment and Water (ed.), National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Quarterly Update: March 2026 (released 28 August 2026; about 455.6 Mt CO\u2082e, down 1.6%, 25.0% below 2005; preliminary June 2026 estimate 452.4 Mt; all from search summaries; the department host returned 503). DCCEEW, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Australia (ed.), Australia\u2019s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution (62 to 70% below 2005; reported in a news summary found by search, base year and date not confirmed). Submission to the UNFCCC, September 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Parliament of Australia (ed.), Climate Change Act 2022 (Cth) (2030 target of 43% below 2005 from a search summary; net zero by 2050 from memory). Canberra, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Australian Government (ed.), National Climate Risk Assessment Report 2025 (existence from search results and from [24]; the department host returned 503). DCCEEW, Canberra, 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Pacific Islands Forum (ed.), Boe Declaration on Regional Security (2018; listed from memory). Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, Suva, 2018. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Australia and Government of Tuvalu (eds.), Australia\u2013Tuvalu Falepili Union treaty (signed 2023; listed from memory). 2023. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNFCCC (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>. United Nations, Paris, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: H.-O. P\u00f6rtner, D. C. Roberts et al. (eds.), Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: H.-O. P\u00f6rtner, D. C. Roberts et al. (eds.), Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. IPCC, Geneva, 2019. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 7<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Pacific Community (ed.), PDH.stat population projections and estimates (Pacific Data Hub; the host returned 403; a search result noted a change of basis to UN World Population Prospects 2024 in April 2025). SPC, Noumea. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (ed.), World Population Prospects 2024. United Nations, New York, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Renewable Energy Agency (ed.), Renewable Capacity Statistics 2026 (not read; the IRENA host returned 403). IRENA, Abu Dhabi. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Energy Agency (ed.), Australia 2023: Energy Policy Review (the IEA country page returned 403). IEA, Paris, 2023. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Australian Energy Market Operator (ed.), Quarterly Energy Dynamics (latest quarter at evidence close not read; the AEMO host returned 403). AEMO, Melbourne. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ed.), Australian Crop Report (latest edition not read; the ABARES host returned 503). ABARES, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-49\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">49<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: POST-CLOSE, context only: Murray-Darling Basin Authority (ed.), Basin water storage (storage on 1 November 2026 not read; the host returned 403). MDBA, Canberra. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-50\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">50<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (ed.), Australia\u2019s Health 2024 (the AIHW host returned 403). AIHW, Canberra, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-51\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">51<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Climate Change Authority (ed.), advice on Australia\u2019s 2035 emissions reduction target (the host returned 503). Climate Change Authority, Canberra, 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-52\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">52<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO (eds.), State of the Climate 2024 (the Bureau host returned 403). BoM and CSIRO, Canberra, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-53\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">53<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (ed.), State of Environment and Conservation in the Pacific Islands: 2020 Regional Report (listed from memory). SPREP, Apia, 2020. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-54\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">54<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports: The Foundational Edition, Volumes I and II. Reports series, Edition 2026\u20132030, V1.0. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-ref-55\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">55<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Baseline Edition 2026 for Australia (draft; the specification and edition notes were read, not the built pack). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cc-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cc-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cc-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.2<\/span><span>Publication record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Title<\/dt><dd>Oceania-Pacific Regional <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition<\/dd><dt>Series<\/dt><dd>Reports \u00b7 Edition 2026\u20132030<\/dd><dt>Edition<\/dt><dd>Baseline Edition 2026 \u00b7 inaugural annual<\/dd><dt>Version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 \u00b7 draft for stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Publication date<\/dt><dd>October 2026<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>concept and version DOI at deposit<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publisher<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Place<\/dt><dd>Toronto<\/dd><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor<\/dd><dt>Stewards<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 technical truth \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 public meaning \u00b7 GRA \u00b7 capital meaning<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>text CC BY 4.0; data on the terms of each source<\/dd><dt>Copyright<\/dt><dd>\u00a9 2026 GCRI \u00b7 Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Language<\/dt><dd>English (en-GB) source edition<\/dd><dt>Correspondence<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway \u00b7 editorial office<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">DISCLAIMER<\/p><p>This edition is published for research, planning and public understanding. It is not a government assessment, an official warning, a rating, a certification, investment advice or an operational authorisation. Reasonable care has been taken with every source; consult the cited originals before relying on any value.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Colophon<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Format<\/dt><dd>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF<\/dd><dt>Typefaces<\/dt><dd>Space Grotesk (display) \u00b7 Geist (text) \u00b7 IBM Plex Sans Italic (standfirsts) \u00b7 IBM Plex Mono (data)<\/dd><dt>Design standard<\/dt><dd>Reports Foundational Edition, Volume I, Part VII<\/dd><dt>Accessibility<\/dt><dd>tagged PDF and HTML targets; text alternatives for every figure<\/dd><dt>Production<\/dt><dd>Reports editorial team, GCRI<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HOW TO CORRECT THIS EDITION<\/p><p>Report errors, omissions or objections through the Registry correction pathway. Each report is logged and answered; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version, and the original remains resolvable.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Release path for this version<\/h3><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cc-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table C.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Release path for this version<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">When<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Draft<\/td><td>editorial self-check complete at evidence close<\/td><td>October 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Steward review<\/td><td>five passes on the exact draft (keys T \u00b7 M \u00b7 F \u00b7 N)<\/td><td>Q4 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approval<\/td><td>publication authority approves the exact digest<\/td><td>before release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deposit<\/td><td>concept and version DOI minted; registry pointer set<\/td><td>at release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Succession<\/td><td>the 2027 regional edition reports changes against this baseline<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Current version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 draft, stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Previous edition<\/dt><dd>none, first edition of the series<\/dd><dt>Next edition<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2027-Q1-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Latest version<\/dt><dd>resolve the concept DOI or the registry record<\/dd><dt>Correction route<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway<\/dd><dt>Notice types<\/dt><dd>erratum \u00b7 addendum \u00b7 supersession \u00b7 withdrawal<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NO CORRECTIONS \u2260 NO LIMITS<\/p><p>The absence of corrections does not mean the absence of limitations. Limitations and uncertainty are stated where they arise in the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><div id=\"nx-nr-reg-ocp-corrections\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cc-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cc-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cc-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.3<\/span><span>Corrections log<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-corr\"><p class=\"nx-nr-corr-sum\"><span class=\"nx-nr-corr-n\">0<\/span><span>correction notices. No edition has been released yet, so none can be corrected; the log below lists each edition&#8217;s current version.<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Version<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Date<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Change<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Notice<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Edition\"><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">REG-OCP<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Version\" class=\"nx-rd-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/td><td data-label=\"Date\">October 2026<\/td><td data-label=\"State\">Draft<\/td><td data-label=\"Change\">Baseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition,<\/td><td data-label=\"Notice\">None<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-rd-source\">Notice types: erratum, addendum, supersession, withdrawal. A correction is a new version with a published notice; the earlier version stays resolvable, and no edition is ever edited in silence.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-reg-ocp-outputs\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cc-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cc-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cc-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.4<\/span><span>Open record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-os\"><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>This edition&#8217;s open record<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Desk identifier and series alias<\/dt><dd>NR-REG-OCP-2026-BL<\/dd><dt>Collection<\/dt><dd>None<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>Concept and version DOI at deposit, on Zenodo with DataCite metadata<\/dd><dt>Versions<\/dt><dd>Each correction is a new version (isNewVersionOf); the concept DOI resolves to the latest<\/dd><dt>Bundle<\/dt><dd>RO-Crate 1.2 with CITATION.cff, CodeMeta and PROV-O provenance; a signed manifest<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Credit and identity<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>ORCID<\/dt><dd>Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record<\/dd><dt>ROR<\/dt><dd>Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone<\/dd><dt>CRediT<\/dt><dd>Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing<\/dd><dt>Account<\/dt><dd>None needed to contribute; never a password<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Find and follow<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">Search the open indexes for Oceania-Pacific; software is cited by its SWHID from Software Heritage, and a quantified scenario run is preregistered on OSF before it is run. Annotation is your choice: Hypothesis opens this page in its own viewer.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-nr-os-links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/openalex.org\/works?search=Nexus%20Reports%20Oceania-Pacific\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAlex<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.openaire.eu\/search\/find?fv0=Nexus%20Reports%20Oceania-Pacific&amp;f0=q\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAIRE<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/search\/works?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Oceania-Pacific\" rel=\"noopener\">Crossref<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.datacite.org\/?query=Nexus%20Reports%20Oceania-Pacific\" rel=\"noopener\">DataCite Commons<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/search?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Oceania-Pacific\" rel=\"noopener\">Zenodo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.softwareheritage.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Software Heritage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/prereg\/\" rel=\"noopener\">OSF preregistration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/via.hypothes.is\/https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Annotate with Hypothesis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Mirrors and harvest<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">The DOI is canonical. At release each signed bundle is also given an IPFS content identifier and a bloxberg anchor as mirrors; both are listed in the record once they exist. Zenodo exposes every record over OAI-PMH, and reviews and endorsements can arrive through COAR Notify where the repository supports it.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><figure class=\"nx-nr-code\"><figcaption class=\"nx-nr-code-cap\">InvenioRDM metadata for a contribution on Oceania-Pacific, prefilled from this page<\/figcaption><pre class=\"nx-nr-pre\" tabindex=\"0\"><code>{&#10;  &quot;metadata&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;id&quot;: &quot;dataset&quot;&#10;    },&#10;    &quot;title&quot;: &quot;Evidence on Oceania-Pacific for Nexus Reports&quot;,&#10;    &quot;publication_date&quot;: &quot;YYYY-MM-DD&quot;,&#10;    &quot;creators&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;person_or_org&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;type&quot;: &quot;personal&quot;,&#10;          &quot;family_name&quot;: &quot;Your family name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;given_name&quot;: &quot;Your given name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;identifiers&quot;: [&#10;            {&#10;              &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;orcid&quot;,&#10;              &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;0000-0000-0000-0000&quot;&#10;            }&#10;          ]&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;affiliations&quot;: [&#10;          {&#10;            &quot;id&quot;: &quot;ROR identifier of your organisation&quot;&#10;          }&#10;        ]&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;description&quot;: &quot;What it is, where its record is kept and how it bears on Oceania-Pacific Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of Oceania-Pacific\u2019s Interdependent Systems..&quot;,&#10;    &quot;rights&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;id&quot;: &quot;cc-by-4.0&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;subjects&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Nexus Reports&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Oceania-Pacific&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Regional Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;related_identifiers&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/&quot;,&#10;        &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;url&quot;,&#10;        &quot;relation_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;issupplementto&quot;&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;publication-report&quot;&#10;        }&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;version&quot;: &quot;1.0.0&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;custom_fields&quot;: {},&#10;  &quot;access&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;record&quot;: &quot;public&quot;,&#10;    &quot;files&quot;: &quot;public&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;files&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;enabled&quot;: true&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;parent&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;communities&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;default&quot;: &quot;nexusreports&quot;&#10;    }&#10;  }&#10;}<\/code><\/pre><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-hook\" data-nx-research-hub=\"slot\" data-nx-research-context=\"{&quot;org&quot;:&quot;GCRI&quot;,&quot;site&quot;:&quot;gcri&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-ocp\/&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;edition&quot;,&quot;subject&quot;:&quot;Oceania-Pacific&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;Regional Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;]}\" hidden><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-reg-ocp-pillars\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cc-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cc-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-ocp-cc-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.5<\/span><span>Where this edition sits among the six pillars<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Foundry seals the evidence and Universe tests it; Reports publishes it; Standards takes its corrections and Academy teaches from it.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F03 Sealed observations and indicator series<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F04 After-action and scenario findings for<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F05 National Portfolio movement for chapter<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Applied in editions<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>: applied in editions.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>REG-OCP edition<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Reports<\/span> Oceania-Pacific 2026, published in every format with its sources, citation and corrections.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F06 Method and correction findings as change<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F12 Q4 synthesis informs the next-year<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Taught in the open<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Academy<\/span> Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>What Foundry and Universe hand to this edition, and what it hands to Standards, Universe and Academy. From the programme spine; REG-OCP is a drafted Baseline Edition, so these handoffs run from its first operational quarter.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Handoff<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Between<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What crosses, and when<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F03<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F04<\/span><\/td><td>Universe to Reports<\/td><td>After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F05<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus Standards to Reports<\/td><td>Nexus Standards: applied in editions.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F06<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Nexus Standards<\/td><td>Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F12<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Universe<\/td><td>Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"academy\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Risk Academy<\/td><td>Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-noprint\"><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Send evidence or a correction on Oceania-Pacific.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the GCRI <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Evidence desk. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work. Sent to the wrong desk, it is forwarded, not refused.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI Systems Evidence desk<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Regional Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. 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Published by GCRI Canada.<\/p><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-reg-ocp-full-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-reg-ocp-full-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-reg-ocp-full-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/urban-flood\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Urban flood<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/risk-science\/risk-information-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Risk information standards and interoperability<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/data\/identification-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Identification (the UNI)<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script><style>@media print { @page { margin: 20mm 17mm 20mm 17mm; @top-left { content: \"Nexus Reports\"; font: 500 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @top-right { content: \"Oceania-Pacific Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of Oceania-Pacific\\002019 s Interdependent Systems. \\0000b7  Baseline Edition 2026\"; font: 400 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Sans\", sans-serif; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-left { content: \"NR-REGIONAL-OCP-2026-BASELINE \\0000b7  Draft, not released\"; font: 400 7pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-center { content: \"CC BY 4.0. 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