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\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\"><style>#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-sam-full.nxe{display:block;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:1180px;margin:0 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solid;border-color:inherit}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-sam-full.nxe svg{display:none}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-sam-full.nxe svg.nx-i{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:-3px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-sam-full.nxe :where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-sam-full.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><div class=\"nrp\"><div class=\"nrp-wrap\"><p class=\"nrj-draft\" data-nrj-shared=\"draft\" role=\"note\"><strong>Draft, not yet released.<\/strong> In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.<\/p><article class=\"nrp-flow\"><header class=\"nrp-hero\"><div class=\"nrp-hero-grid\"><div><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Baseline Edition 2026<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Complete edition<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 class=\"pp-hero-title nrp-hero-title-l\">South America Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of South America\u2019s Interdependent Systems.<\/h1><p class=\"nrp-lede\"><\/p><div class=\"nrp-actions\"><button class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" type=\"button\" data-nrp-act=\"print\" hidden><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 18H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><path d=\"M6 9V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6\"\/><rect x=\"6\" y=\"14\" width=\"12\" height=\"8\" rx=\"1\"\/><\/svg>Print or save as PDF<\/button><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19 12H5\"\/><path d=\"m12 19-7-7 7-7\"\/><\/svg>Edition home<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nrp-note nrp-noprint\">Choose A4 or Letter in the print dialog; running heads and page numbers are added in print. This is a review copy: the signed PDF with its DOI is issued at release.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nrp-cover\"><div class=\"nrp-cover-top\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">REG-SAM<\/span><\/div><span class=\"nrp-cover-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"nrp-cover-k\">Regional Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-t\">South America 2026<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-s\"><\/p><div class=\"nrp-cover-foot\"><span>Baseline Edition 2026<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE<\/span><span><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> for the Nexus Consortium<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block nrp-imprint\" aria-label=\"Imprint\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Imprint<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor, the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto<\/dd><dt>Report number<\/dt><dd class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026, cut NQ-REG-SAM-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Status<\/dt><dd>Draft under stewardship review; not yet released<\/dd><dt>DOI and UNI<\/dt><dd>Issued at deposit<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>CC BY 4.0 for Nexus-authored text, tables and figures; third-party material keeps its own licence<\/dd><dt>Cite as<\/dt><dd>Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). South America Regional <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of South America\u2019s Interdependent Systems. (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" aria-label=\"Contents\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Contents<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">\u00b7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-summary\">Executive summary<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-coupled-system\">Chapter 1. South America\u2019s risk travels through shared rivers, grids and gas<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-findings\">Chapter 2. Key findings<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-systems-and-sectors\">Chapter 3. Systems and sectors at baseline<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-risk-and-capability\">Chapter 4. Risks and capability<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-scenario\">Chapter 5. Basin drought across the Paran\u00e1 corridor and the Amazon<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-lenses-and-readings\">Chapter 6. Readings from the other desks<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-agenda\">Chapter 7. The 2027 agenda<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">8<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-systems-in-depth\">Chapter 8. Systems in depth<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-methodology\">Annex A. Methodology<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-data\">Annex B. Data appendix<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-references\">Annex C. References and record<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-summary\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/\">South America 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Executive summary<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Executive summary<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The edition on a few pages: the abstract, the key messages, the headline finding and what each steward reads in it.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>15 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.1<\/span><span>Abstract<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>South America, as the series reads it, is two member countries (Brazil and Argentina) that share river basins, an aquifer, power links and gas supply with neighbours that are not yet members. Brazil had 212.8 million residents and Argentina 45.9 million in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. Their greenhouse gas emissions excluding land use were 1,299.2 and 374.3 Mt CO\u2082e in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. Low-carbon sources supplied 89% of Brazil\u2019s electricity and 42% of Argentina\u2019s in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>. The 2024 floods in Rio Grande do Sul caused BRL 88.9 billion of damage and loss<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>. In March 2025 about 400 mm of rain fell in eight hours on Bah\u00eda Blanca, against a previous daily record of 175 mm<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>. By 26 March 2024 the Americas had recorded over 3.5 million dengue cases, 83% of them in Brazil<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>. Forests cover 58.5% of Brazil\u2019s land and 17.1% of Argentina\u2019s<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>. This Baseline Edition fixes the 2026 reference state from sources that could be read at evidence close. Where a regional dataset could not be read, it shows as a designed empty state that names the source and the blocker. The edition decides nothing and ranks no member country.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.2<\/span><span>Key messages<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Six readings that frame the South America baseline, and the eight questions this edition answers, each with its status and source.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-km\"><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Brazil emitted 1,299.2 Mt and Argentina 374.3 Mt in 2024, excluding land use. Net bases with land use are not bound.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Where do emissions stand?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Brazil: 59% to 67% below 2005 by 2035. Argentina: a net ceiling of 375 Mt for 2030 and 2035.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What are the targets?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Low-carbon sources supplied 89% in Brazil and 42% in Argentina in 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How is electricity supplied?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">A 2,200 MW converter and gas pipelines through Bolivia link the members; flows are not bound.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How exposed is supply across the border?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">The 2024 floods cost BRL 88.9 billion; one 2025 storm dropped about 400 mm in eight hours.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How severe were recent floods and storms?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">The Negro River hit a 122-year low in 2024; the Paran\u00e1 was at an 80-year low in 2021. Low-water series are not bound.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How exposed are rivers to drought?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Insured and uninsured loss series are not bound in this edition.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Who carries flood losses?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Low river levels, hydropower shortfall, gas demand and export logistics coinciding. SCN-SAM-DRY-01<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What will Q1 2027 test first?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.3<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-CLI-007<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">About 400 mm of rain fell in eight hours on Bah\u00eda Blanca on 7 March 2025, against a previous daily record of 175 mm set in 1930.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure S.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-fig1-t\">Rainfall at Bah\u00eda Blanca, 7 March 2025 against the previous daily record (mm)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">7 March 2025, in eight hours, about<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">400<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Previous daily record, 1930<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"43.8\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">175<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: NASA Earth Observatory image of the day<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>. The two values cover different time windows and are shown for scale, not as a like-for-like series.<\/p><\/figure><p class=\"nrp-p\">A single storm can exceed a station record by more than twofold. Port, road, hospital and grain-export services in a coastal city then fail together, which makes flood response a question for several authorities at once<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.4<\/span><span>At a glance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">212.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Brazil population, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">45.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Argentina population, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2,963<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">USD billion<\/span><p>Brazil and Argentina GDP combined, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,673.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>emissions excluding land use, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">89 \u00b7 42<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>low-carbon share of electricity, Brazil \u00b7 Argentina, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">members<\/span><p>Brazil and Argentina<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.5<\/span><span>What each steward reads in it<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of South American risk: drought, flood and heat act on water, energy and health together.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as a flood, a dry river or a dengue season.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Insured and uninsured loss series are not bound.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>The region publishes strong series on emissions, electricity and forest, and two national pledges.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.6<\/span><span>What this edition is, and is not<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What this edition is<\/h3><p>A baseline: the state of South America\u2019s water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in 2026 read across Brazil, Argentina. It reads the shared basins and grids that no single member controls, and sets out the questions the operational series will answer.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What it is not<\/h3><p>Not a regional <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/glossary\/risk-assessment\/\" data-tgl=\"Nexus Standards glossary\">risk assessment<\/a>, an official warning or a rating. It decides nothing about any institution or asset. Competent authorities keep every mandate they hold, and each member\u2019s ownership of its own edition is unaffected. It does not stand for the European Union, which is a separate subject in the series.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What comes next<\/h3><p>Q1 2027 opens the operational series with a sealed Foundry evidence cut. Each later edition reports what changed against this baseline: new observations, source revisions, method changes, scenario updates and corrections.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Brazil, Argentina and Latin America &amp; Caribbean aggregate, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF, Mt CO2e, AR5 basis (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), Brazil, Argentina and Latin America &amp; Caribbean aggregate, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Brazil electricity country page (low-carbon share 89%, hydro 52%, wind and solar 27%, fossil 11% of generation in 2025; no generation total on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Argentina electricity country page (low-carbon share 42%, wind and solar 16%, fossil 58% of generation in 2025; no generation total on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Inter-American Development Bank, with ECLAC and the World Bank Group (eds.), Damage and loss assessment of the April and May 2024 floods in Rio Grande do Sul (BRL 88.9 billion), as reported by Ag\u00eancia Brasil on 29 November 2024; the assessment itself was not opened. IDB, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>NASA Earth Observatory (ed.), Bah\u00eda Blanca inundated (image of the day, 17 March 2025; about 400 mm in 8 hours on 7 March 2025, previous daily record 175 mm in 1930; page updated 31 January 2026). NASA, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Pan American Health Organization (ed.), PAHO calls for collective action in response to record increase in dengue cases in the Americas (news release, 28 March 2024; data as of 26 March 2024). PAHO, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Forest area, % of land area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), Brazil: targets (second NDC, 59% to 67% below 2005 by 2035, 850 to 1,050 Mt CO2e including land use, submitted 13 November 2024; page updated 30 June 2026). Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Subsecretar\u00eda de Ambiente, Presidencia de la Naci\u00f3n (ed.), Argentina present\u00f3 la tercera contribuci\u00f3n determinada a nivel nacional (net emissions not above 375 Mt CO2e for 2030 and 2035, 3 November 2025). Government of Argentina, Buenos Aires. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Hitachi Energy (ed.), Brazil-Argentina HVDC interconnection, Garab\u00ed converter station (2,200 MW back-to-back; 60 Hz and 50 Hz; first phase 2000, second phase 2002; flows mainly Brazil to Argentina per a World Bank case study); taken from search summaries. Hitachi Energy, Zurich. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Energy Intelligence (ed.), Argentina\u2019s piped gas exports to Brazil take step forward (first Vaca Muerta gas to Brazil through Bolivian pipelines, early 2026; 3 million m3 a day transit offer; taken from search summaries). Energy Intelligence, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Associated Press (ed.), Drought has dried a major Amazon River tributary to its lowest level in over 122 years (Negro River at the port of Manaus 12.66 m, October 2024; the page opened returned not found). AP, New York. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Associated Press and trade press (eds.), Drought hits South America river, threatening vast ecosystem (Paran\u00e1 at its lowest level in nearly 80 years, 2021; reports of 77 and 80 years differ; Itaip\u00fa output). AP, New York, August 2021. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), Brazil, Argentina and Latin America &amp; Caribbean aggregate, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-coupled-system\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/\">South America 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 1<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">South America\u2019s risk travels through shared rivers, grids and gas<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Part I describes systems and their couplings. It assesses no authority and ranks no member country.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>8 min read<\/span><span>2 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>16 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.1<\/span><span>The questions this part answers<\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Key questions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Where is South America\u2019s risk concentrated, and in which <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>?<\/li><li>Which couplings carry shocks across member borders?<\/li><li>Which capabilities hold under compound stress, and which are only documented?<\/li><li>What must the 2027 programme measure first?<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">In this part<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Narrative<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Headline finding<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Lead figure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Member system cards<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Shared basins and grids<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hub list<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Regional pathway<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Twelve-domain reading<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Sector screens<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Dependency matrix<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Risk objects<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Capability ladder<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Scenario<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Three lenses<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Portfolio<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.2<\/span><span>The argument<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>Brazil had 212.8 million residents in 2025 and Argentina 45.9 million<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. Brazil holds 82.3% of the two members\u2019 population (ESTIMATED, Nexus arithmetic), and their GDP together was about USD 2,963 billion in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>. This baseline reads South America as a region whose members share basins, an aquifer, power links and gas supply with neighbours, so that a shock in one reaches the others.<\/p><p>The forcing layer is visible in recent records. WMO reported record heat, persistent drought, accelerating <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h15\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.glacier.glacier-mass-loss\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Glacier, ice-sheet and permafrost change\" data-td=\"Sustained shrinking of mountain glaciers that first raises and later cuts dry-season river flow and destabilises slopes.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H15\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">glacier retreat<\/a> and rising seas across Latin America and the Caribbean in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>. Floods in Rio Grande do Sul in 2024 caused BRL 88.9 billion of damage and loss<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>. About 400 mm of rain fell in eight hours on Bah\u00eda Blanca on 7 March 2025, against a previous daily record of 175 mm<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>. The Negro River at Manaus fell to 12.66 m in October 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>Heat and rain add a health layer. By 26 March 2024 the Americas had over 3.5 million dengue cases, and Brazil held 83% of them<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>. The figure is a count of reported cases, not an estimate of burden.<\/p><p>The water layer rests on large stocks and uneven access. Brazil had 26,918 m\u00b3 of renewable freshwater per person in 2022 and Argentina 6,431 m\u00b3<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>. In 2024, 88.6% of Brazil\u2019s population used safely managed drinking water<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>. The Argentine value is not bound.<\/p><p>The energy layer is mostly low-carbon in Brazil and mixed in Argentina. Low-carbon sources supplied 89% of Brazil\u2019s electricity and 42% of Argentina\u2019s in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>. A 2,200 MW converter at Garab\u00ed and pipelines through Bolivia connect the members<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup>. Binational plants on shared rivers tie hydropower to river flow<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>This edition therefore reads South America\u2019s risk as a property of the couplings between these forces. The matrix, risk objects, capability ladder and scenario that follow ask two questions: where does a shock travel next across a border, and who holds the capability to stop it?<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-fig1-t\">How do low-carbon shares of electricity differ? Share of generation, 2025 (%)<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Low-carbon sources supplied 89% of Brazil\u2019s electricity in 2025 and 42% of Argentina\u2019s<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>. Wind and solar supplied 27% in Brazil and 16% in Argentina. The World Bank renewable output series ends in 2021 with 77.4% for Brazil and 25.5% for Argentina<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. The series use different definitions and are not directly additive.<\/p><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Brazil, low-carbon<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">89<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Argentina, low-carbon<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"47.2\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">42<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Brazil, wind and solar<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"30.3\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">27<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Argentina, wind and solar<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"18.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">16<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: as cited in the note to this figure. Year 2025.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Figure ID FIG-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-01-003<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">89<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Brazil low-carbon share of electricity, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">42<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Argentina low-carbon share of electricity, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">52<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Brazil hydro share of electricity, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">77.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Brazil renewable share of electricity output, 2021<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.3<\/span><span>Twenty couplings between five systems<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The South America matrix types the twenty couplings between the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events; they set the starting graph that the Q1 2027 Foundry cut will test.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-fig2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-fig2-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-fig2-t\">Couplings between the five systems<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Each line is one coupling from one system to another, drawn by the strength the edition assigns. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events.<\/p><\/figcaption><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-ring\" viewBox=\"0 0 340 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Coupling ring: 20 typed couplings between water, energy, food, health and biodiversity. The matrix in the next table carries every value.\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><ul class=\"nrp-legend\"><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"STRONG\"><\/span>Strong<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"MODERATE\"><\/span>Moderate<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"WEAK\"><\/span>Weak<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: this edition&#8217;s coupling matrix (Table 1.1); status Estimated.<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling matrix: from the row system to the column system<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">From, to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">WAT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">ENE<\/th><th scope=\"col\">FOO<\/th><th scope=\"col\">HLT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">BIO<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><b>WAT<\/b> Water<\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">hydro \u00b7 thermal cooling<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">irrigation \u00b7 rain-fed yield<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">safe water \u00b7 sanitation<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>ENE<\/b> Energy<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pumping \u00b7 desalination<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fuel \u00b7 fertiliser \u00b7 cold chain<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">air pollution \u00b7 cooling<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">land use \u00b7 mining<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>FOO<\/b> Food<\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">\u224870% of withdrawals<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">bioenergy feedstock<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">nutrition \u00b7 food safety<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">land conversion<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>HLT<\/b> Health<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">labour \u00b7 disease<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">residues<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>BIO<\/b> Biodiversity<\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">biomass \u00b7 hydrology<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pollination \u00b7 soils<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">zoonoses \u00b7 medicines<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"6\">Strength: strong, moderate or weak; a Nexus estimate (status Estimated) from cited evidence and analogue events. The scale is defined in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Transmission paths<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 ENE<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Drought lowers river levels and hydropower output and raises thermal generation.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> Negro River 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>; Paran\u00e1 2021<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Warm and wet spells raise dengue transmission and load health services.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> dengue 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">TRD \u2192 ENE \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">A change in gas routes reaches power prices and public budgets.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> Argentine exports via Bolivia<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup>; no volume bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">INF \u2192 ENE \u2192 all<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">A fault or shortfall crosses the frequency converter.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> Garab\u00ed link<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup>; no event bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 INF \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Flooding damages lifelines and the loss falls on insurers and budgets.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> floods 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>; loss series not bound<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.4<\/span><span>Reinforcing loops<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A shock entering either system of a loop can return amplified through the other.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Pairs of systems where both directions are rated strong<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Loop<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First direction<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Second direction<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT and FOO<\/span><\/td><td>Water to food: irrigation \u00b7 rain-fed yield<\/td><td>Food to water: \u224870% of withdrawals<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Water to biodiversity: flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/td><td>Biodiversity to water: regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Food to biodiversity: land conversion<\/td><td>Biodiversity to food: pollination \u00b7 soils<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"3\">A causal-loop reading of the matrix (Sterman, Business Dynamics, 2000): structural, from estimated strengths, not a measured feedback.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Brazil, Argentina and Latin America &amp; Caribbean aggregate, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), Brazil, Argentina and Latin America &amp; Caribbean aggregate, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Latin America and the Caribbean 2025 (series page, published 18 May 2026, updated 12 June 2026; key messages only, the full report was not opened). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Inter-American Development Bank, with ECLAC and the World Bank Group (eds.), Damage and loss assessment of the April and May 2024 floods in Rio Grande do Sul (BRL 88.9 billion), as reported by Ag\u00eancia Brasil on 29 November 2024; the assessment itself was not opened. IDB, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>NASA Earth Observatory (ed.), Bah\u00eda Blanca inundated (image of the day, 17 March 2025; about 400 mm in 8 hours on 7 March 2025, previous daily record 175 mm in 1930; page updated 31 January 2026). NASA, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Associated Press (ed.), Drought has dried a major Amazon River tributary to its lowest level in over 122 years (Negro River at the port of Manaus 12.66 m, October 2024; the page opened returned not found). AP, New York. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Pan American Health Organization (ed.), PAHO calls for collective action in response to record increase in dengue cases in the Americas (news release, 28 March 2024; data as of 26 March 2024). PAHO, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita, cubic metres (ER.H2O.INTR.PC), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), People using safely managed drinking water services, % of population (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API (no value returned for Argentina). World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Brazil electricity country page (low-carbon share 89%, hydro 52%, wind and solar 27%, fossil 11% of generation in 2025; no generation total on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Argentina electricity country page (low-carbon share 42%, wind and solar 16%, fossil 58% of generation in 2025; no generation total on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Hitachi Energy (ed.), Brazil-Argentina HVDC interconnection, Garab\u00ed converter station (2,200 MW back-to-back; 60 Hz and 50 Hz; first phase 2000, second phase 2002; flows mainly Brazil to Argentina per a World Bank case study); taken from search summaries. Hitachi Energy, Zurich. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Energy Intelligence (ed.), Argentina\u2019s piped gas exports to Brazil take step forward (first Vaca Muerta gas to Brazil through Bolivian pipelines, early 2026; 3 million m3 a day transit offer; taken from search summaries). Energy Intelligence, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Treaty of Itaip\u00fa between Brazil and Paraguay on the hydroelectric use of the Paran\u00e1 river, signed in 1973. Observation year 1973. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Renewable electricity output, % of total electricity output (EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API (latest value returned is 2021). World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Associated Press and trade press (eds.), Drought hits South America river, threatening vast ecosystem (Paran\u00e1 at its lowest level in nearly 80 years, 2021; reports of 77 and 80 years differ; Itaip\u00fa output). AP, New York, August 2021. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c1-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-findings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/\">South America 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 2<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Key findings<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Twelve findings carry the baseline. They are grouped by system, never ranked. Each resolves to its source or, where Nexus analysis is involved, to its stated method.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>18 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.1<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-CLI-007\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-CLI-007<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">About 400 mm of rain fell in eight hours on Bah\u00eda Blanca on 7 March 2025, against a previous daily record of 175 mm set in 1930.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 2.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-fig1-t\">Rainfall at Bah\u00eda Blanca, 7 March 2025 against the previous daily record (mm)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">7 March 2025, in eight hours, about<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">400<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Previous daily record, 1930<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"43.8\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">175<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: NASA Earth Observatory image of the day<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>. The two values cover different time windows and are shown for scale, not as a like-for-like series.<\/p><\/figure><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Implication<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">A single storm can exceed a station record by more than twofold. Port, road, hospital and grain-export services in a coastal city then fail together, which makes flood response a question for several authorities at once<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What would move it<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">Rainfall observations, flood-warning performance, the final casualty count and the insured-loss series would each move this finding. The final casualty count is not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.2<\/span><span>Climate forcing<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Brazil emitted 1,299.2 Mt CO\u2082e and Argentina 374.3 Mt in 2024, excluding land use; the two members together emitted 1,673.5 Mt.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Brazil\u2019s second pledge sets a 2035 range of 59% to 67% below 2005 (850 to 1,050 Mt CO\u2082e including land use); Argentina announced a net ceiling of 375 Mt CO\u2082e for 2030 and 2035.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-CLI-006\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-CLI-006\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-CLI-006<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The April and May 2024 floods in Rio Grande do Sul caused BRL 88.9 billion of damage and loss, as assessed by the Inter-American Development Bank with ECLAC and the World Bank Group.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-CLI-007\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-CLI-007\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-CLI-007<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">About 400 mm of rain fell in eight hours on Bah\u00eda Blanca on 7 March 2025, against a previous daily record of 175 mm set in 1930.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.3<\/span><span>Energy<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-ENE-003\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-ENE-003\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-ENE-003<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Low-carbon sources supplied 89% of Brazil\u2019s electricity in 2025 (hydro 52%, wind and solar 27%) and 42% of Argentina\u2019s (wind and solar 16%, fossil 58%).<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-ENE-004\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-ENE-004\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-ENE-004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">In 2021 renewables supplied 46.5% of Brazil\u2019s final energy and 9.2% of Argentina\u2019s; the series reads 77.4% and 25.5% of electricity output for the same year.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-ENE-005\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-ENE-005\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-ENE-005<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The Garab\u00ed back-to-back converter links the Brazilian 60 Hz and Argentine 50 Hz <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> at a rated 2,200 MW, and flows have mainly run from Brazil to Argentina.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.4<\/span><span>Water<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-WAT-008\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-WAT-008\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-WAT-008<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The Negro River at Manaus fell to 12.66 m in October 2024, its lowest level in 122 years of record, and the Paran\u00e1 fell in 2021 to its lowest in nearly 80 years by press accounts.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.5<\/span><span>Food<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-FOO-009\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-FOO-009\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-FOO-009<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Agriculture, forestry and fishing supplied 6.1% of Brazil\u2019s GDP and 5.5% of Argentina\u2019s in 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.6<\/span><span>Health<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-HLT-010\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-HLT-010\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-HLT-010<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">By 26 March 2024 the Americas had over 3.5 million dengue cases and over 1,000 deaths; Brazil accounted for 83% of cases, Paraguay 5.3% and Argentina 3.7%.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.7<\/span><span>Biodiversity<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-BIO-011\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-BIO-011\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-BIO-011<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Forest covered 58.5% of Brazil and 17.1% of Argentina in 2024; protected areas covered 29.4% and 9.7% in 2025; PRODES put Amazon clearing at 5,796 km\u00b2 for August 2024 to July 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.8<\/span><span>Systemic<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The leading compound pathway for 2027 testing is a drought in the Paran\u00e1 and Amazon basins in which low river levels, hydropower shortfall, gas demand and export logistics coincide. \u00a79.3<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>NASA Earth Observatory (ed.), Bah\u00eda Blanca inundated (image of the day, 17 March 2025; about 400 mm in 8 hours on 7 March 2025, previous daily record 175 mm in 1930; page updated 31 January 2026). NASA, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Argentine and international press (eds.), Bah\u00eda Blanca floods of March 2025 (at least 16 deaths reported, counts rose over several days; no final official total read). Municipality of Bah\u00eda Blanca and press, March 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF, Mt CO2e, AR5 basis (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), Brazil, Argentina and Latin America &amp; Caribbean aggregate, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), Brazil: targets (second NDC, 59% to 67% below 2005 by 2035, 850 to 1,050 Mt CO2e including land use, submitted 13 November 2024; page updated 30 June 2026). Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Subsecretar\u00eda de Ambiente, Presidencia de la Naci\u00f3n (ed.), Argentina present\u00f3 la tercera contribuci\u00f3n determinada a nivel nacional (net emissions not above 375 Mt CO2e for 2030 and 2035, 3 November 2025). Government of Argentina, Buenos Aires. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Inter-American Development Bank, with ECLAC and the World Bank Group (eds.), Damage and loss assessment of the April and May 2024 floods in Rio Grande do Sul (BRL 88.9 billion), as reported by Ag\u00eancia Brasil on 29 November 2024; the assessment itself was not opened. IDB, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Brazil electricity country page (low-carbon share 89%, hydro 52%, wind and solar 27%, fossil 11% of generation in 2025; no generation total on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Argentina electricity country page (low-carbon share 42%, wind and solar 16%, fossil 58% of generation in 2025; no generation total on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Renewable energy consumption, % of total final energy consumption (EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API (latest value returned is 2021). World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Renewable electricity output, % of total electricity output (EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API (latest value returned is 2021). World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Hitachi Energy (ed.), Brazil-Argentina HVDC interconnection, Garab\u00ed converter station (2,200 MW back-to-back; 60 Hz and 50 Hz; first phase 2000, second phase 2002; flows mainly Brazil to Argentina per a World Bank case study); taken from search summaries. Hitachi Energy, Zurich. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Associated Press (ed.), Drought has dried a major Amazon River tributary to its lowest level in over 122 years (Negro River at the port of Manaus 12.66 m, October 2024; the page opened returned not found). AP, New York. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Associated Press and trade press (eds.), Drought hits South America river, threatening vast ecosystem (Paran\u00e1 at its lowest level in nearly 80 years, 2021; reports of 77 and 80 years differ; Itaip\u00fa output). AP, New York, August 2021. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Agriculture, forestry and fishing, value added, % of GDP (NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Pan American Health Organization (ed.), PAHO calls for collective action in response to record increase in dengue cases in the Americas (news release, 28 March 2024; data as of 26 March 2024). PAHO, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Forest area, % of land area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Terrestrial and marine protected areas, % of total territorial area (ER.PTD.TOTL.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (ed.), PRODES estimate for the Legal Amazon, August 2024 to July 2025 (5,796 km2, 11.08% below the previous cycle; Cerrado 7,235 km2), announced 30 October 2025; taken from search summaries because the government page required authentication. INPE, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c2-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-systems-and-sectors\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/\">South America 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 3<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems and sectors at baseline<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>22 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.1<\/span><span>Where each system stood at evidence close<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WAT \u00b7 Water<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Renewable internal freshwater per person, Brazil<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">26,918<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">m\u00b3<\/span><p>Argentina had 6,431 m\u00b3 per person. Both are national averages and hide basin differences.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2022<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">ENE \u00b7 Energy<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Low-carbon share of electricity generation, Brazil<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">89<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Hydro supplied 52%, wind and solar 27%. Argentina was at 42%.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>Ember<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FOO \u00b7 Food<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Agriculture, forestry and fishing, share of GDP, Brazil<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">6.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Argentina was 5.5%. Output and export volumes are not bound.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HLT \u00b7 Health<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Dengue cases in the Americas to 26 March 2024<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">3.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million +<\/span><p>Brazil held 83% of regional cases and Argentina 3.7%. Full-year totals are not bound.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>PAHO<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">BIO \u00b7 Biodiversity<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Forest area, share of land, Brazil<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">58.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Argentina 17.1%. Protected area was 29.4% of Brazil and 9.7% of Argentina.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SYS \u00b7 Cross-system<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Damage and loss, Rio Grande do Sul floods<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">88.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">BRL billion<\/span><p>A joint assessment led by the Inter-American Development Bank with ECLAC and the World Bank Group.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>Ag\u00eancia Brasil<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.2<\/span><span>Domain posture<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each of the twelve coupled domains is read in words, not scored. The reading states where the regional evidence points; the coupling column names the dependency that carries risk across <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and borders.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Each domain read in words, not scored<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Domain<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Posture at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT<\/span><\/td><td>Large freshwater stocks, 26,918 m\u00b3 per person in Brazil and 6,431 in Argentina in 2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>; Negro River record low in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT \u2192 ENE \u00b7 WAT \u2192 FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE<\/span><\/td><td>Low-carbon share of electricity 89% in Brazil and 42% in Argentina in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO<\/span><\/td><td>Agriculture is 6.1% of GDP in Brazil and 5.5% in Argentina<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>. Harvest and export volumes not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO \u2190 WAT, CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT<\/span><\/td><td>Dengue: over 3.5 million cases in the Americas to 26 March 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT \u2190 CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Forest 58.5% of Brazil and 17.1% of Argentina; protected 29.4% and 9.7%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO \u2194 WAT, FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CLI<\/span><\/td><td>Floods in 2024 cost BRL 88.9 billion; a 2025 storm set a rainfall record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">forcing on all systems<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF<\/span><\/td><td>A 2,200 MW converter links two grids on different frequencies<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup>. Cross-border flows not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN<\/span><\/td><td>Insured and uninsured flood losses not bound; a joint assessment exists for the 2024 floods<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN \u2190 CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT<\/span><\/td><td>Digital dependencies of lifelines not mapped at public-safe resolution.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT \u2192 ENE, FIN<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC<\/span><\/td><td>Data-centre and compute demand on grids and water not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC \u2192 ENE, WAT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN<\/span><\/td><td>Mineral and fuel trade not bound at baseline.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN \u2190 TRD<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD<\/span><\/td><td>Argentine gas now moves to Brazil through Bolivian pipelines; volumes not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.3<\/span><span>Sector screens<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">All sixteen global sectors are screened on the same grammar as every national edition, so later editions can say what changed. The evidence column describes coverage of the baseline evidence, not the performance of the sector.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Sectors: baseline evidence and the exposure to watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Code<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Sector<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Exposure to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-00<\/span><\/td><td>Cross-system<\/td><td>compound drought, hydropower and logistics stress<\/td><td>basin drought across member borders<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-01<\/span><\/td><td>Water<\/td><td>26,918 m\u00b3 per person in Brazil, 6,431 in Argentina<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>low flows on shared rivers<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-02<\/span><\/td><td>Energy<\/td><td>low-carbon 89% and 42% of electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>hydro dependence; gas supply<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-03<\/span><\/td><td>Food<\/td><td>agriculture 6.1% and 5.5% of GDP<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>drought and river logistics<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-04<\/span><\/td><td>Health<\/td><td>over 3.5 million dengue cases in the Americas<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>seasonal outbreaks<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-05<\/span><\/td><td>Finance<\/td><td>loss series not bound<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-06<\/span><\/td><td>Development<\/td><td>income and access series bound only in part<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>water access in Argentina not bound<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-07<\/span><\/td><td>Climate<\/td><td>two national pledges in place<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>drought, flood and fire<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-08<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster<\/td><td>floods and a record storm in 2024 and 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>compound and sequential events<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-09<\/span><\/td><td>Infrastructure<\/td><td>one converter and pipelines link the members<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>flow data not bound<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-10<\/span><\/td><td>Cities<\/td><td>88.2% and 92.4% urban population<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h9\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.flood.pluvial\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Freshwater inundation\" data-td=\"Water ponding and running over land where intense rain exceeds the capacity of the ground and the drains, away from any river.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H9\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">urban flood<\/a> and heat<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-11<\/span><\/td><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>forest 58.5% and 17.1% of land<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>clearing and condition at source<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-12<\/span><\/td><td>Earth observation<\/td><td>WMO regional report and NASA imagery published<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>continuity of records<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-13<\/span><\/td><td>Cyber and digital<\/td><td>dependencies not mapped<\/td><td>systemic outages<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-14<\/span><\/td><td>Policy<\/td><td>climate, forest and energy laws in both members<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n44\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n45\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>coordination across levels<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-15<\/span><\/td><td>Science<\/td><td>peer-reviewed Amazon and compound-event record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>translation to members<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita, cubic metres (ER.H2O.INTR.PC), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Brazil electricity country page (low-carbon share 89%, hydro 52%, wind and solar 27%, fossil 11% of generation in 2025; no generation total on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Argentina electricity country page (low-carbon share 42%, wind and solar 16%, fossil 58% of generation in 2025; no generation total on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Agriculture, forestry and fishing, value added, % of GDP (NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Pan American Health Organization (ed.), PAHO calls for collective action in response to record increase in dengue cases in the Americas (news release, 28 March 2024; data as of 26 March 2024). PAHO, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Forest area, % of land area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Terrestrial and marine protected areas, % of total territorial area (ER.PTD.TOTL.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Inter-American Development Bank, with ECLAC and the World Bank Group (eds.), Damage and loss assessment of the April and May 2024 floods in Rio Grande do Sul (BRL 88.9 billion), as reported by Ag\u00eancia Brasil on 29 November 2024; the assessment itself was not opened. IDB, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Associated Press (ed.), Drought has dried a major Amazon River tributary to its lowest level in over 122 years (Negro River at the port of Manaus 12.66 m, October 2024; the page opened returned not found). AP, New York. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>NASA Earth Observatory (ed.), Bah\u00eda Blanca inundated (image of the day, 17 March 2025; about 400 mm in 8 hours on 7 March 2025, previous daily record 175 mm in 1930; page updated 31 January 2026). NASA, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Hitachi Energy (ed.), Brazil-Argentina HVDC interconnection, Garab\u00ed converter station (2,200 MW back-to-back; 60 Hz and 50 Hz; first phase 2000, second phase 2002; flows mainly Brazil to Argentina per a World Bank case study); taken from search summaries. Hitachi Energy, Zurich. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Energy Intelligence (ed.), Argentina\u2019s piped gas exports to Brazil take step forward (first Vaca Muerta gas to Brazil through Bolivian pipelines, early 2026; 3 million m3 a day transit offer; taken from search summaries). Energy Intelligence, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), People using safely managed drinking water services, % of population (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API (no value returned for Argentina). World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), Brazil: targets (second NDC, 59% to 67% below 2005 by 2035, 850 to 1,050 Mt CO2e including land use, submitted 13 November 2024; page updated 30 June 2026). Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Subsecretar\u00eda de Ambiente, Presidencia de la Naci\u00f3n (ed.), Argentina present\u00f3 la tercera contribuci\u00f3n determinada a nivel nacional (net emissions not above 375 Mt CO2e for 2030 and 2035, 3 November 2025). Government of Argentina, Buenos Aires. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Urban population, % of total population (SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Latin America and the Caribbean 2025 (series page, published 18 May 2026, updated 12 June 2026; key messages only, the full report was not opened). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Rep\u00fablica Federativa do Brasil (ed.), Lei n\u00ba 12.187, de 29 de dezembro de 2009, institui a Pol\u00edtica Nacional sobre Mudan\u00e7a do Clima. Di\u00e1rio Oficial da <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">Uni<\/a>\u00e3o, Bras\u00edlia, 2009. Observation year 2009. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Argentina (ed.), Ley 27.520, Presupuestos m\u00ednimos de adaptaci\u00f3n y mitigaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico global; Ley 27.287 on the national civil protection system is listed with it. Bolet\u00edn Oficial, Buenos Aires, 2019. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r44\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 44\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Argentina (ed.), Ley 26.331, Presupuestos m\u00ednimos de protecci\u00f3n ambiental de los bosques nativos. Bolet\u00edn Oficial, Buenos Aires, 2007. Observation year 2007. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r45\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 45\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a>, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: B. M. Flores, A. Montoya, I. Staal et al., \u201cCritical transitions in the Amazon forest system,\u201d Nature, vol. 626, pp. 555\u2013564, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c3-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-risk-and-capability\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/\">South America 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 4<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Risks and capability<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Four regional risk objects open the portfolio. Order carries no rank. Each is read across driver, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, cascade and consequence; loss metrics are added only where they can be modelled.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>15 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.1<\/span><span>Risk objects<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each risk is read across the chain from hazard to consequence, with its status and evidence-quality level.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-SAM-CLI-001<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">River flood and storm season<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>extreme rainfall on saturated catchments<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>river corridors and coastal cities<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>flood defences not bound<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>civil protection <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> exist in law<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n44\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup>; performance not bound<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 INF, FIN, HLT<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>annual<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-SAM-WAT-002<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Low flow on shared rivers in a dry year<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>low rainfall and high demand<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>navigation, hydropower, farming<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>dependence on a few river corridors<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>basin treaty bodies exist<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup>; performance not bound<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>WAT \u2192 ENE, FOO<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1\u20135 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-SAM-HLT-003<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Dengue epidemics under warm and wet conditions<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>heat, rainfall and vector range<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>urban populations<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>water storage and sanitation access<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>health system capacity not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 HLT<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>seasonal<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-SAM-ENE-004<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Hydropower shortfall and gas dependence in a dry year<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>drought, price spike or a link outage<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>power, industry, heating<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>reservoir levels and cross-border flows not bound<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>binational plants and one converter<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>WAT \u2192 ENE \u2192 FOO, FIN<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1\u20135 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.2<\/span><span>Capability ladder<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Existence is not readiness. Each of the fifteen capability functions is placed on the ladder by the strongest public evidence at the regional level, from a policy listing to performance in real events.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 4.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Capabilities on the ladder of evidence: listed, exists, demonstrated, tested<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Function<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rung<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Level<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Strongest public evidence at baseline<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Prevention and mitigation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>national climate laws and pledges are in place<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoring and observation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>WMO regional reporting and satellite imagery are published<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: national weather and flood-warning services \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preparedness and planning<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>civil protection law in Argentina<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup>; delivery not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Redundancy and reserves<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: reservoir and gas storage records \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Response<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: after-action records for flood and drought events \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Continuity of critical services<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>sanitation law in Brazil<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n47\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r47\" aria-label=\"Note 47\">47<\/a><\/sup>; performance not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recovery<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: recovery agency and insurer records \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved; a joint assessment exists for 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adaptation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>Argentine climate law sets adaptation duties<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup>; delivery not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Social protection<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: income-support and disaster-payment records \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance and insurance<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: insurer and reinsurer loss data \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Institutional coordination<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>basin treaties and the binational plant treaty exist<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup>; performance not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Technical infrastructure<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: asset-condition registers \u00b7 blocker: not published<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Workforce<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: health and emergency workforce registers \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Research capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>peer-reviewed Amazon and compound-event research is published<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"4\">A capability listed in policy is not a tested one; each rung is the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Argentina (ed.), Ley 27.520, Presupuestos m\u00ednimos de adaptaci\u00f3n y mitigaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico global; Ley 27.287 on the national civil protection system is listed with it. Bolet\u00edn Oficial, Buenos Aires, 2019. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r44\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 44\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Treaty of the River Plate Basin (Tratado da Bacia do Prata), signed by the basin states in 1969. Observation year 1969. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Amazon Cooperation Treaty (Tratado de Coopera\u00e7\u00e3o Amaz\u00f4nica), signed by the Amazon basin states in 1978. Observation year 1978. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Pan American Health Organization (ed.), PAHO calls for collective action in response to record increase in dengue cases in the Americas (news release, 28 March 2024; data as of 26 March 2024). PAHO, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Hitachi Energy (ed.), Brazil-Argentina HVDC interconnection, Garab\u00ed converter station (2,200 MW back-to-back; 60 Hz and 50 Hz; first phase 2000, second phase 2002; flows mainly Brazil to Argentina per a World Bank case study); taken from search summaries. Hitachi Energy, Zurich. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Treaty of Itaip\u00fa between Brazil and Paraguay on the hydroelectric use of the Paran\u00e1 river, signed in 1973. Observation year 1973. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), Brazil: targets (second NDC, 59% to 67% below 2005 by 2035, 850 to 1,050 Mt CO2e including land use, submitted 13 November 2024; page updated 30 June 2026). Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Subsecretar\u00eda de Ambiente, Presidencia de la Naci\u00f3n (ed.), Argentina present\u00f3 la tercera contribuci\u00f3n determinada a nivel nacional (net emissions not above 375 Mt CO2e for 2030 and 2035, 3 November 2025). Government of Argentina, Buenos Aires. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Rep\u00fablica Federativa do Brasil (ed.), Lei n\u00ba 12.187, de 29 de dezembro de 2009, institui a Pol\u00edtica Nacional sobre Mudan\u00e7a do Clima. Di\u00e1rio Oficial da <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">Uni<\/a>\u00e3o, Bras\u00edlia, 2009. Observation year 2009. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Latin America and the Caribbean 2025 (series page, published 18 May 2026, updated 12 June 2026; key messages only, the full report was not opened). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>NASA Earth Observatory (ed.), Bah\u00eda Blanca inundated (image of the day, 17 March 2025; about 400 mm in 8 hours on 7 March 2025, previous daily record 175 mm in 1930; page updated 31 January 2026). NASA, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Rep\u00fablica Federativa do Brasil (ed.), Lei n\u00ba 14.026, de 15 de julho de 2020, atualiza o marco legal do saneamento b\u00e1sico. Di\u00e1rio Oficial da Uni\u00e3o, Bras\u00edlia, 2020. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r47\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 47\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Inter-American Development Bank, with ECLAC and the World Bank Group (eds.), Damage and loss assessment of the April and May 2024 floods in Rio Grande do Sul (BRL 88.9 billion), as reported by Ag\u00eancia Brasil on 29 November 2024; the assessment itself was not opened. IDB, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a>, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: B. M. Flores, A. Montoya, I. Staal et al., \u201cCritical transitions in the Amazon forest system,\u201d Nature, vol. 626, pp. 555\u2013564, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c4-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-scenario\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/\">South America 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 5<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Basin drought across the Paran\u00e1 corridor and the Amazon<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">A conditional statement under stated assumptions, never a prediction.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>3 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>5 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.1<\/span><span>Assumptions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Scenario SCN-SAM-DRY-01: what is assumed, and what is held constant.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Baseline<\/dt><dd>the 2026 reference state in this edition<\/dd><dt>Drivers<\/dt><dd>a dry year with low flow on shared rivers, high power demand and delayed rains<\/dd><dt>Analogues<\/dt><dd>Negro River 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>; Paran\u00e1 2021<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup>; dengue in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Interventions<\/dt><dd>none modelled, the specification describes the unmitigated case<\/dd><dt>Run state<\/dt><dd>narrative specification; quantified Foundry run scheduled for Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.2<\/span><span>The cascade, step by step<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">low flows cut navigation and hydropower on shared rivers<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">rivers 2024 and 2021<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">WAT \u2192 ENE<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">hydropower falls and gas demand rises<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">no analogue bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">ENE \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">cross-border flows through one converter and Bolivian pipelines reach their limits<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">links<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">WAT \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">barge loads and export logistics fall<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">Paran\u00e1 2021<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">heat and delayed rains raise dengue risk<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">dengue 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">FIN \u2192 recovery<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">rebuilding slows where cover is thin<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">loss series not bound<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.3<\/span><span>The scenario as a table of steps<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">How the shock in scenario SCN-SAM-DRY-01 would travel through South America&#8217;s coupled <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, step by step, under the assumptions the edition states.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Climate to water<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Low flows cut navigation and hydropower on shared rivers. Analogue or source: rivers 2024 and 2021 [24] [25].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-SAM, scenario SCN-SAM-DRY-01, step 1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 Water to energy<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Hydropower falls and gas demand rises. Analogue or source: no analogue bound.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-SAM, scenario SCN-SAM-DRY-01, step 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 Energy to infrastructure<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Cross-border flows through one converter and Bolivian pipelines reach their limits. Analogue or source: links [27] [28].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-SAM, scenario SCN-SAM-DRY-01, step 3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 Water to food<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Barge loads and export logistics fall. Analogue or source: Paran\u00e1 2021 [25].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-SAM, scenario SCN-SAM-DRY-01, step 4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 Climate to health<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Heat and delayed rains raise dengue risk. Analogue or source: dengue 2024 [18].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-SAM, scenario SCN-SAM-DRY-01, step 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Finance to recovery<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Rebuilding slows where cover is thin. Analogue or source: loss series not bound.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-SAM, scenario SCN-SAM-DRY-01, step 6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of a conditional scenario under the edition&#8217;s stated assumptions: not a forecast, not a prediction and not a warning. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/scenario\/\" rel=\"noopener\">South America 2026, scenario SCN-SAM-DRY-01<\/a> (2026); South America 2026, references (NR-CIT-1) (2026).<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Associated Press (ed.), Drought has dried a major Amazon River tributary to its lowest level in over 122 years (Negro River at the port of Manaus 12.66 m, October 2024; the page opened returned not found). AP, New York. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Associated Press and trade press (eds.), Drought hits South America river, threatening vast ecosystem (Paran\u00e1 at its lowest level in nearly 80 years, 2021; reports of 77 and 80 years differ; Itaip\u00fa output). AP, New York, August 2021. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Pan American Health Organization (ed.), PAHO calls for collective action in response to record increase in dengue cases in the Americas (news release, 28 March 2024; data as of 26 March 2024). PAHO, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Hitachi Energy (ed.), Brazil-Argentina HVDC interconnection, Garab\u00ed converter station (2,200 MW back-to-back; 60 Hz and 50 Hz; first phase 2000, second phase 2002; flows mainly Brazil to Argentina per a World Bank case study); taken from search summaries. Hitachi Energy, Zurich. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Energy Intelligence (ed.), Argentina\u2019s piped gas exports to Brazil take step forward (first Vaca Muerta gas to Brazil through Bolivian pipelines, early 2026; 3 million m3 a day transit offer; taken from search summaries). Energy Intelligence, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c5-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-lenses-and-readings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/\">South America 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 6<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Readings from the other desks<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The regional baseline is read through each steward\u2019s lens, then once as a whole. Each lens is a projection of reviewed findings, not a separate argument. The other desks&#8217; own editions of this subject are listed first, as cross-references, not copies.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>15 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>8 tables<\/span><span>42 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.1<\/span><span>The other desks&#8217; editions of this subject<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Federation: each desk writes its own edition for the subjects in its remit. Until a desk releases, its edition shows its frame and the reading this edition printed for it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Desk<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-host=\"true\"><th scope=\"row\">GCRI Systems Evidence<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRF Public Deliberation<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRA Capital Readiness<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Standards Progress<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Academy Capability<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Index Measurement<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.2<\/span><span>Three lenses<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">One edition, read by each steward. The lens of this site comes first.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\" data-host=\"true\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of South American risk: drought, flood and heat act on water, energy and health together. Evidence is strongest for population, emissions and the electricity mix, and weakest for losses, river-flow series and the condition of nature.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-001 \u00b7 CLI-006 \u00b7 WAT-008 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRF \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as a flood, a dry river or a dengue season. The baseline asks that public debate weigh how shared rivers and shared grids make one member\u2019s event another\u2019s problem.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-006 \u00b7 HLT-010 \u00b7 ENE-003<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRA \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Insured and uninsured loss series are not bound. These show where finance-readiness evidence will matter. Nothing here is advice, a rating or an endorsement.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-006 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>The region publishes strong series on emissions, electricity and forest, and two national pledges. The 2027 programme should bind loss, river-flow and cross-border flow data, test the basin drought, and read deforestation at source.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">SYS-012 \u00b7 A-01 \u00b7 A-02<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.3<\/span><span>Standards, Academy and steward contributions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">How the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> drafts, the Risk Academy and the three stewards feed each quarterly edition for South America. The standards are preparatory working drafts (October 2026) and are cited as drafts, never as adopted standards.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The quarterly rhythm every edition follows<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Quarter<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Boundary<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Q1<\/td><td>State and Agenda<\/td><td>What matters this year, and what is the starting position?<\/td><td>observed baseline stays distinct from planned work<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q2<\/td><td>Evidence and Build<\/td><td>What new evidence and capability have been developed?<\/td><td>a configured capability is not a validated result<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q3<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stress Test<\/a> and Readiness<\/td><td>What do scenarios and tests reveal?<\/td><td>simulated loss or performance is not observed impact<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q4<\/td><td>Annual Synthesis and Renewal<\/td><td>What did the year establish, and what changes next?<\/td><td>release follows review, not event publicity deadlines<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Who contributes what each quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Steward or body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contribution route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GCRI Canada<\/td><td>Lead Institution and Consortium Secretariat; publisher of record; technical truth (key T)<\/td><td>science and practice communities \u00b7 GCRI gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Forum (GRF)<\/td><td>leadership, dialogue and the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> programme; public meaning (key M)<\/td><td>policy, Universe and national adoption \u00b7 GRF gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)<\/td><td>finance, insurance and development readiness; capital meaning (key F)<\/td><td>finance and insurance \u00b7 GRA gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nexus Standards<\/td><td>preparatory drafts on vocabulary, hazards, indicators and methods<\/td><td>Standards site \u00b7 working groups HAZ, IND, MTH, FIN, AI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk Academy<\/td><td>learning pathways tied to the agenda questions<\/td><td>Academy gateway \u00b7 learning by review<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>South America regional pathway<\/td><td>regional pathway: hubs named in the registry<\/td><td>regional Commons room<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards drafts used in this edition<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Risk vocabulary NRS-C1 (424 terms) for terms in the glossary<\/li><li>Hazard atlas NHS-1 1.1.0 (905 hazards in 120 families) for risk objects<\/li><li>Seven risk classes: global, catastrophic, existential, emerging, planetary, exponential, frontier-tech<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards calendar to watch<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Founding calls from 20 October 2026; working groups meet from 5 November 2026<\/li><li>Inaugural Global Standards Council session, 12 January 2027<\/li><li>Quarterly reviews in March, June, September and December, aligned with each edition<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Nothing here certifies. A Nexus attestation records an evaluation under a mandate; it confers no certification, endorsement or approval. Adoption of any standard in a member country is a decision of that country\u2019s standards body.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.4<\/span><span>GCRI reading: the model card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-p\">GCRI&#8217;s reading of this edition is its model card: what the national model is, what it computes and where it stops. It is printed in full in Annex A, with the methods it belongs to. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/methodology\/\">Annex A, methodology<\/a><\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.5<\/span><span>Global Risks Forum reading: editorial essays<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Four signed essays by the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> editorial team set out the positions this edition takes. They are interpretation, labelled as such; the evidence they draw on is in the findings register.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Floods, droughts and grid faults do not stop at a frontier. The baseline treats the shared basin, the shared aquifer and the cross-border link as the units of analysis, with member countries as the places where the effects land.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 01<\/h3><p>Risk crosses the border first<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The registry names two members for South America. Other countries on the same rivers and aquifers appear as basin states, and no edition of theirs is claimed here. Totals for Latin America and the Caribbean are a reference aggregate and are not the region.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 02<\/h3><p>Two members are not a continent<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">A hydropower-heavy system and a gas export route point the same way: security depends on diversity of sources and on control of the links, not on volume alone.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 03<\/h3><p>Supply security is a design question<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Several data that matter most for risk, including river-flow series, plant output and losses, could not be read at evidence close. The edition shows each gap and the source that would fill it.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 04<\/h3><p>Gaps are findings too<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Essays are signed views of the editorial team. Contributed articles from working groups, consortium institutions and invited experts begin with the Q1 2027 edition, each with its own review route and disclosures.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.6<\/span><span>Global Risks Alliance reading: 2027 regional readiness pack<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The registers that open the 2027 regional cycle. At baseline each is initialised from this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">2027 regional readiness pack<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Register<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First 2027 entry<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>E1<\/td><td>Regional risk state delta<\/td><td>baseline set by this edition<\/td><td>changes against the baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E2<\/td><td>WEFH+B state delta<\/td><td>five regional system readings set<\/td><td>indicator updates and freshness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E3<\/td><td>Agenda and Portfolio movement<\/td><td>eight agenda items \u00b7 7 proposed objects<\/td><td>admission decisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E4<\/td><td>Federation delivery register<\/td><td>editions in programme as listed in the series registry<\/td><td>regional and sector baselines<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E5<\/td><td>Consortium capability register<\/td><td>national consortia forming<\/td><td>first contributions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E6<\/td><td>Leadership questions and challenges<\/td><td>none yet<\/td><td>first challenge log<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E7<\/td><td>Foundry technical state<\/td><td>national environments prepared<\/td><td>first federation cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E8<\/td><td>Publication candidates<\/td><td>twelve findings carried forward<\/td><td>PUBLISH \u00b7 HOLD dispositions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E9<\/td><td>Universe readiness<\/td><td>one candidate mission<\/td><td>admission and role spine<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E10<\/td><td>Correction register<\/td><td>none<\/td><td>first federation-wide cycle<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication dispositions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Publish<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hold<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Needs evidence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Restricted<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Superseded<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Programme progress is not real-world risk improvement. These registers record the work of the Nexus programme; they report on no state or organisation.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.7<\/span><span>Nexus Standards reading: standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Instruments that shape the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in this edition, by status on the retrieval date. The edition assesses no one\u2019s compliance.<\/p><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">IN FORCE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ADOPTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SUBMITTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">UNDER REVIEW<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instrument<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Scope<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Relevance<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNFCCC<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>climate pledges<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> 2015\u20132030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNDRR<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2015<\/td><td>disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk reduction<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kunming-Montreal Framework<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CBD<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2022<\/td><td>30by30<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Treaty of the River Plate Basin<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>basin states<\/td><td>Paran\u00e1\u2013La Plata basin<\/td><td>SIGNED 1969<\/td><td>shared rivers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Amazon Cooperation Treaty<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>basin states<\/td><td>Amazon basin<\/td><td>SIGNED 1978<\/td><td>shared forest and rivers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Itaip\u00fa Treaty<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Brazil and Paraguay<\/td><td>Paran\u00e1 river<\/td><td>SIGNED 1973<\/td><td>binational hydropower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Guarani Aquifer Agreement<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>aquifer states<\/td><td>Guarani aquifer<\/td><td>SIGNED 2010<\/td><td>shared groundwater<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National Policy on <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a>, Lei 12.187<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Brazil<\/td><td>Brazil<\/td><td>IN FORCE \u00b7 amendments not checked<\/td><td>climate policy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate law, Ley 27.520<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n44\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Argentina<\/td><td>Argentina<\/td><td>IN FORCE \u00b7 amendment status not verified<\/td><td>climate policy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Native forests law, Ley 26.331<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n45\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Argentina<\/td><td>Argentina<\/td><td>IN FORCE \u00b7 amendment status not verified<\/td><td>forest protection<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Changed since 2024<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Brazil submitted its second national pledge in November 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Argentina announced a net emissions ceiling for 2030 and 2035 in November 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Argentine gas began to flow to Brazil through Bolivian pipelines in early 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">To watch in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>The UNFCCC submission record of the Argentine pledge<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Implementation of the Brazilian emissions trading law<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The renewable energy promotion law in Argentina<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n46\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Note 46\">46<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Status is read from the issuing body on the retrieval date. A change in status opens a review task for every finding that relies on the instrument.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.8<\/span><span>Risk Academy reading: literature and evidence review: science and assessments<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The review behind this edition covers peer-reviewed science, regional and international assessments and the institutional reports that bind its findings. Full systematic reviews begin in Q1 2027 for each agenda item.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Review protocol<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Question<\/dt><dd>What does the published evidence establish about South America\u2019s coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity risks across its member countries?<\/dd><dt>Sources searched<\/dt><dd>peer-reviewed literature; regional and international assessments; official releases; statutory instruments<\/dd><dt>Window<\/dt><dd>releases available at evidence close, 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Selection<\/dt><dd>sources that bind or contextualise a finding in this edition<\/dd><dt>Next step<\/dt><dd>systematic reviews for agenda items A-01 to A-05 in Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Science and assessments<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Lee and Romero (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>forcing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Castellanos et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment chapter<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>Central and South America<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>McElwee et al. (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>nexus interlinkages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zscheischler et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>compound events<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Flores et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>Amazon transitions<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Institutional reports<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>State of the Climate, Latin America and the Caribbean 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>WMO<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>forcing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rio Grande do Sul assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IDB, ECLAC, World Bank Group<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>floods<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bah\u00eda Blanca imagery<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NASA Earth Observatory<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>storm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dengue reporting<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>PAHO<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>health<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Latin America Energy Outlook<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IEA<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>energy<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Official statistics and regional sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Population and output<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Emissions and energy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>climate, energy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forest and protected areas<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>biodiversity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water and demographics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>water, profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Ember<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>power mix<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Industry, grid and international sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Climate pledges<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Climate Action Tracker and Argentine government<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>targets<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Garab\u00ed converter<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Hitachi Energy<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>grid links<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gas exports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Energy Intelligence<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>gas supply<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Deforestation<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>INPE<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>forest<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy balance<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>EPE<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>power mix<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where the evidence agrees<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>The region is warming and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/energy-nexus\/\" data-tal=\"Energy Nexus\">extreme heat<\/a>, drought and flood records are rising<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Compound and sequential hazards load health and services together<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Forest loss and drought in the Amazon are linked<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where it is unsettled<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>How far Amazon forest can lose cover before it passes a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h28\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.climate-state.abrupt-regime-shift\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Climate-state shifts\" data-td=\"A threshold crossing in a large climate-system component, such as an ocean circulation or a rainforest, that changes regional climate quickly and may not reverse.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H28\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">tipping point<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How net emissions with land use compare across the two members<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How much dengue burden is unreported<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEWS AND PREPRINTS<\/p><p>No news report or preprint binds a finding in this edition. News is used only to date events; preprints used from Q1 2027 will be flagged as not peer-reviewed.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNFCCC (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>. United Nations, Paris, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Treaty of the River Plate Basin (Tratado da Bacia do Prata), signed by the basin states in 1969. Observation year 1969. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Amazon Cooperation Treaty (Tratado de Coopera\u00e7\u00e3o Amaz\u00f4nica), signed by the Amazon basin states in 1978. Observation year 1978. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Treaty of Itaip\u00fa between Brazil and Paraguay on the hydroelectric use of the Paran\u00e1 river, signed in 1973. Observation year 1973. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>F. Sindico, in M. Fitzmaurice, A. Tanzi and A. Papantoniou (eds.), The Guarani Aquifer Agreement 2010, in Multilateral Environmental Treaties, Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2017, pp. 299\u2013310 (catalogue page opened; parties Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay). Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Rep\u00fablica Federativa do Brasil (ed.), Lei n\u00ba 12.187, de 29 de dezembro de 2009, institui a Pol\u00edtica Nacional sobre Mudan\u00e7a do Clima. Di\u00e1rio Oficial da <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">Uni<\/a>\u00e3o, Bras\u00edlia, 2009. Observation year 2009. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Argentina (ed.), Ley 27.520, Presupuestos m\u00ednimos de adaptaci\u00f3n y mitigaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico global; Ley 27.287 on the national civil protection system is listed with it. Bolet\u00edn Oficial, Buenos Aires, 2019. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 44\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Argentina (ed.), Ley 26.331, Presupuestos m\u00ednimos de protecci\u00f3n ambiental de los bosques nativos. Bolet\u00edn Oficial, Buenos Aires, 2007. Observation year 2007. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 45\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), Brazil: targets (second NDC, 59% to 67% below 2005 by 2035, 850 to 1,050 Mt CO2e including land use, submitted 13 November 2024; page updated 30 June 2026). Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Subsecretar\u00eda de Ambiente, Presidencia de la Naci\u00f3n (ed.), Argentina present\u00f3 la tercera contribuci\u00f3n determinada a nivel nacional (net emissions not above 375 Mt CO2e for 2030 and 2035, 3 November 2025). Government of Argentina, Buenos Aires. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Energy Intelligence (ed.), Argentina\u2019s piped gas exports to Brazil take step forward (first Vaca Muerta gas to Brazil through Bolivian pipelines, early 2026; 3 million m3 a day transit offer; taken from search summaries). Energy Intelligence, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Climate Action Tracker (ed.), Argentina: targets and 2035 NDC (states the 2035 target had not been submitted to the UNFCCC as of June 2026; taken from search summaries). Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Rep\u00fablica Federativa do Brasil (ed.), Lei n\u00ba 15.042, de 11 de dezembro de 2024, institui o Sistema Brasileiro de Com\u00e9rcio de Emiss\u00f5es de Gases de Efeito Estufa. Di\u00e1rio Oficial da Uni\u00e3o, Bras\u00edlia, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Argentina (ed.), Ley 27.191, R\u00e9gimen de fomento nacional para el uso de fuentes renovables de energ\u00eda destinada a la producci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica. Bolet\u00edn Oficial, Buenos Aires, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 46\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2023. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: E. Castellanos, M. F. Lemos, L. Astigarraga et al., \u201cCentral and South America,\u201d in Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Working Group II contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, chapter 12. Cambridge University Press, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: B. M. Flores, A. Montoya, I. Staal et al., \u201cCritical transitions in the Amazon forest system,\u201d Nature, vol. 626, pp. 555\u2013564, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Latin America and the Caribbean 2025 (series page, published 18 May 2026, updated 12 June 2026; key messages only, the full report was not opened). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Inter-American Development Bank, with ECLAC and the World Bank Group (eds.), Damage and loss assessment of the April and May 2024 floods in Rio Grande do Sul (BRL 88.9 billion), as reported by Ag\u00eancia Brasil on 29 November 2024; the assessment itself was not opened. IDB, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>NASA Earth Observatory (ed.), Bah\u00eda Blanca inundated (image of the day, 17 March 2025; about 400 mm in 8 hours on 7 March 2025, previous daily record 175 mm in 1930; page updated 31 January 2026). NASA, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Pan American Health Organization (ed.), PAHO calls for collective action in response to record increase in dengue cases in the Americas (news release, 28 March 2024; data as of 26 March 2024). PAHO, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Pan American Health Organization (ed.), Epidemiological alert: increase in dengue cases in the Americas region, 7 October 2024 (11,732,921 cases to epidemiological week 36; Brazil 5,303 deaths, Argentina 408; taken from search summaries because the PDF text could not be read). PAHO, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Energy Agency (ed.), Latin America Energy Outlook. IEA, Paris, 2023. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Brazil, Argentina and Latin America &amp; Caribbean aggregate, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), Brazil, Argentina and Latin America &amp; Caribbean aggregate, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Renewable energy consumption, % of total final energy consumption (EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API (latest value returned is 2021). World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Renewable electricity output, % of total electricity output (EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API (latest value returned is 2021). World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF, Mt CO2e, AR5 basis (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), Brazil, Argentina and Latin America &amp; Caribbean aggregate, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Forest area, % of land area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Terrestrial and marine protected areas, % of total territorial area (ER.PTD.TOTL.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), People using safely managed drinking water services, % of population (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API (no value returned for Argentina). World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita, cubic metres (ER.H2O.INTR.PC), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Population ages 65 and above, % of total population (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API (Brazil 11.5%, Argentina 12.6% in 2025; consulted for the profile, not used in a finding). World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Brazil electricity country page (low-carbon share 89%, hydro 52%, wind and solar 27%, fossil 11% of generation in 2025; no generation total on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Argentina electricity country page (low-carbon share 42%, wind and solar 16%, fossil 58% of generation in 2025; no generation total on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Hitachi Energy (ed.), Brazil-Argentina HVDC interconnection, Garab\u00ed converter station (2,200 MW back-to-back; 60 Hz and 50 Hz; first phase 2000, second phase 2002; flows mainly Brazil to Argentina per a World Bank case study); taken from search summaries. Hitachi Energy, Zurich. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (ed.), PRODES estimate for the Legal Amazon, August 2024 to July 2025 (5,796 km2, 11.08% below the previous cycle; Cerrado 7,235 km2), announced 30 October 2025; taken from search summaries because the government page required authentication. INPE, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Empresa de Pesquisa Energ\u00e9tica (ed.), Balan\u00e7o Energ\u00e9tico Nacional 2026, base year 2025 (renewable share of the electricity matrix 86.8%, from press summaries; the report was not found). EPE, Rio de Janeiro. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-agenda\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/\">South America 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 7<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">The 2027 agenda<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Eight bounded questions open the 2027 Regional Agenda. Each comes from a baseline finding, names the initiative that will carry it and the first output due at the Q1 2027 cut.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>6 tables<\/span><span>4 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.1<\/span><span>Questions for the operational series<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How would a drought on the Paran\u00e1 and Amazon basins load hydropower, navigation and the grid across the border?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-SAM-CLI-01 \u00b7 compound basin drought; first output: dependency graph for the Paran\u00e1 corridor.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How much cross-border electricity and gas can the members move in a dry year?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-SAM-ENE-02 \u00b7 cross-border energy; first output: flow-and-capacity register.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How do low flows on shared basins reach navigation, hydropower and farming?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-SAM-WAT-03 \u00b7 shared basins; first output: basin performance note for the Paran\u00e1.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How many dengue cases and deaths follow heat and rain, by member and year?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-SAM-HLT-04 \u00b7 climate and health; first output: surveillance baseline for two members.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Where do flood and storm losses fall between insurers, households and public budgets?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-SAM-FIN-05 \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a>; first output: peril-by-member loss table.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">What is the condition of forest and wetland, and how is clearing measured across members?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-SAM-BIO-01 \u00b7 workstream; first output: <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a> indicator note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How exposed are crop output and exports to drought and river logistics?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in Q1 2027; first output: scoping note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which capabilities have been tested in real events, and which are only documented?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">Regional capability register; first output: rung evidence for 15 functions.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.2<\/span><span>Portfolio proposed for the Q1 2027 alignment<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Six initiatives and one Universe mission candidate are proposed for the 2027 regional portfolio. They are programme objects, no partner, funder or member is attached to them in this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Objects proposed for the first operational quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Object<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-SAM-CLI-01<\/span><\/td><td>Compound basin drought: rivers, hydropower and logistics<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-SAM-ENE-02<\/span><\/td><td>Cross-border power and gas in a dry year<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-02<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-SAM-WAT-03<\/span><\/td><td>Shared basins in dry years<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-03<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-SAM-HLT-04<\/span><\/td><td>Climate and dengue surveillance baseline<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-04<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-SAM-FIN-05<\/span><\/td><td>Flood and storm <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-05<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PRJ-SAM-CLI-01a<\/span><\/td><td>Paran\u00e1 corridor compound drought dependency graph<\/td><td>Project<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MSN-SAM-2027-01<\/span><\/td><td>Rivers, power and logistics Universe mission<\/td><td>Mission<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.3<\/span><span>The pathway<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The South America regional pathway is the route through which the Nexus operating system will read South America as one region from 2027. At baseline the pathway is designed and its hubs are named in the series registry; its working arrangements are set from Q1 2027. This page states what exists today and what comes next, nothing more.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Foundries<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">continuous national evidence environments<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">PREPARED \u00b7 first sealed cuts in Q1 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Models and Portfolios<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">each country as a system of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANADA v0 ISSUED \u00b7 25 further national baselines<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Quarterly national reports<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">State &amp; Agenda, Evidence, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stress Test<\/a>, Annual<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE STAGE \u00b7 Q1 2027 opens the series<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Regional aggregation<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">South America as one of ten regional clusters<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">THIS EDITION \u00b7 annual regional cut from 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Global sector and strategic models<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">GS-01\u202615 \u00b7 SR-01\u202614 \u00b7 XT-01\u202620<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">49 PLANNED \u00b7 pilots: GS-01, SR-01, XT-01<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Universe<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">annual proving environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANDIDATE MISSION \u00b7 global mandate in 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Global Report<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">this series<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE ISSUED \u00b7 2027 annual edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Evidence and correction<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">one graph, many projections<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">OPEN \u00b7 first federation-wide correction cycle in 2027<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.4<\/span><span>Universe 2027: evidence pack for the regional candidate mission<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Mandate<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Core Build \u00b7 1 month<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Action \u00b7 1 week<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Evidence seal<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Portfolio correction<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Next mandate<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Universe 2027: evidence pack for the regional candidate mission<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Record<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Timing<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>F1<\/td><td>Annual mandate record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>after the Q2 2027 alignment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F2<\/td><td>Core Build record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>one month before the exercise<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F3<\/td><td>Exercise evidence<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>during the Action week<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F4<\/td><td>Decision packets<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>exercise state only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F5<\/td><td>Proof receipts<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>scoped to each recorded check<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F6<\/td><td>After-action report<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>within one quarter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F7<\/td><td>Upgrade docket<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>routed to the Portfolio<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F8<\/td><td>Portfolio renewal<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>2027 regional annual edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F9<\/td><td>Public synthesis<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>public-safe extracts only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Mission<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>ID<\/dt><dd>MSN-SAM-2027-01 \u00b7 Rivers, power and logistics Universe mission<\/dd><dt>Role spine<\/dt><dd>Leadership sponsor (NLC) \u00b7 Institutional anchor (NNC) \u00b7 Mission lead (NWG)<\/dd><dt>Receiving actors<\/dt><dd>to be identified with the mandate<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Simulation success is not deployment approval; demonstration is not certification; finance readiness is not financing secured.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.5<\/span><span>Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Where the baseline\u2019s findings go next. A handoff routes a finding for awareness, review or work; it transfers no authority.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Finding<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Routed to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Purpose<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CLI-001 \u00b7 emissions<\/td><td>public record<\/td><td>reference for the 2027 series<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CLI-006 \u00b7 floods 2024<\/td><td>INI-SAM-CLI-01<\/td><td>compound drought graph<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ENE-003 \u00b7 electricity mix<\/td><td>INI-SAM-ENE-02<\/td><td>cross-border energy<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ENE-005 \u00b7 Garab\u00ed link<\/td><td>INI-SAM-ENE-02<\/td><td>grid resilience<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WAT-008 \u00b7 river lows<\/td><td>INI-SAM-WAT-03<\/td><td>shared basins<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HLT-010 \u00b7 dengue<\/td><td>INI-SAM-HLT-04<\/td><td>climate and health baseline<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>BIO-011 \u00b7 forest<\/td><td>INI-SAM-BIO-01<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a> indicator<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SYS-012 \u00b7 compound pathway<\/td><td>MSN-SAM-2027-01<\/td><td>Universe candidate<\/td><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Routing rules by publication class<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Where it goes<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Who can see it<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>PUBLIC<\/td><td>the published edition and its evidence bundle<\/td><td>anyone<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><td>governed rooms of the federation<\/td><td>consortium members under agreement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONTROLLED<\/td><td>need-to-know channels<\/td><td>named competent actors only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Handoffs carry findings to Nexus programme objects and steward reviews. States and organisations receive public editions as published; nothing here instructs them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.6<\/span><span>Feeds and signal register<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Feeds watched from Q1 2027<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Feed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Producer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Latency<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Feeds into<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Climate and river records<\/td><td>WMO and national meteorological and water services<\/td><td>monthly<\/td><td>CLI and WAT findings<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity data<\/td><td>Ember<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>ENE-003<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dengue surveillance<\/td><td>PAHO and national health ministries<\/td><td>weekly in season<\/td><td>HLT-010<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population and output<\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Greenhouse gas series<\/td><td>World Bank and national inventories<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI-001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Deforestation<\/a> alerts and rates<\/td><td>INPE<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>BIO-011<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cross-border flows<\/td><td>national grid and gas operators<\/td><td>daily<\/td><td>ENE-005<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Escalation routes<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">none \u00b7 keep monitoring<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">research question<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">project<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">risk object<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">quarterly publication<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">signal report<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Signals at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Signal<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Corroboration<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>SIG-SAM-001<\/td><td>Record of 2024 floods<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 INF<\/td><td>risk object RSK-SAM-CLI-001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-SAM-002<\/td><td>Dengue to March 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 HLT<\/td><td>research question A-04<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-SAM-003<\/td><td>River lows 2021 and 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>WAT \u00b7 ENE<\/td><td>research question A-03<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A signal is not a warning. Signal records never substitute for official alerting or early-warning authorities, and they bypass no publication control.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Inter-American Development Bank, with ECLAC and the World Bank Group (eds.), Damage and loss assessment of the April and May 2024 floods in Rio Grande do Sul (BRL 88.9 billion), as reported by Ag\u00eancia Brasil on 29 November 2024; the assessment itself was not opened. IDB, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Pan American Health Organization (ed.), PAHO calls for collective action in response to record increase in dengue cases in the Americas (news release, 28 March 2024; data as of 26 March 2024). PAHO, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Associated Press (ed.), Drought has dried a major Amazon River tributary to its lowest level in over 122 years (Negro River at the port of Manaus 12.66 m, October 2024; the page opened returned not found). AP, New York. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Associated Press and trade press (eds.), Drought hits South America river, threatening vast ecosystem (Paran\u00e1 at its lowest level in nearly 80 years, 2021; reports of 77 and 80 years differ; Itaip\u00fa output). AP, New York, August 2021. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c7-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-systems-in-depth\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/\">South America 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 8<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems in depth<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">One section per system: its state at evidence close, its exposures and what the operational series will watch.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>8 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>5 tables<\/span><span>20 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.1<\/span><span>Member countries: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The two member countries named in the series registry, read side by side on the same indicators. Latin America and the Caribbean totals appear only as a reference aggregate. They are not the region and are not joined to it.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">258.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Brazil and Argentina population, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,673.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>emissions excluding land use, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2,963<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">USD billion<\/span><p>GDP combined, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Member system cards at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Member<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Brazil<\/td><td>population 212.8 million; emissions 1,299.2 Mt; low-carbon 89% of electricity; renewables 46.5% of final energy in 2021; forest 58.5%; 29.4% protected; floods in 2024<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Argentina<\/td><td>population 45.9 million; emissions 374.3 Mt; low-carbon 42% of electricity; renewables 9.2% in 2021; forest 17.1%; 9.7% protected; Bah\u00eda Blanca storm in 2025; safe water not bound<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Latin America and the Caribbean reference aggregate<\/td><td>population 666.6 million; GDP USD 7,396 billion; emissions 3,510.6 Mt (not the region)<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings across members<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 WAT across the Paran\u00e1 corridor (Brazil, Argentina and neighbours)<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 ENE through the Garab\u00ed link and gas pipelines<\/li><li>HLT \u2190 CLI dengue across members and neighbours<\/li><li>FIN \u2190 CLI losses carried by insurers across borders<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>net emissions with land use on one basis<\/li><li>flood loss and dengue series by member<\/li><li>Argentine safely managed water share<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Member inventories, the full 2025 dengue series and the flood-loss series by member<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Each member keeps ownership of its own edition. This chapter compares indicators; it assesses no member and builds no league table.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.2<\/span><span>Shared basins and grids: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Shared basins, an aquifer, grids and gas supply carry risk across member borders. This chapter names each system, the members involved and the evidence read at baseline. Rows without a source are designed empty states.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2,200<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">MW<\/span><p>Garab\u00ed converter rating<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million m\u00b3 a day<\/span><p>Bolivian transit offer for Argentine gas, as reported<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">states<\/span><p>parties to the Guarani aquifer agreement<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Shared basins and seas<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Basin<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Members involved<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Paran\u00e1\u2013La Plata<\/td><td>Brazil and Argentina; other basin states are outside the member set; area not bound<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Uruguay River<\/td><td>Argentina and Brazil on its banks; no source read<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Amazon<\/td><td>Brazil; Argentina is not a basin state; Negro River low in 2024<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Guarani aquifer<\/td><td>Brazil and Argentina among four states; area by country not bound<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Shared grids and gas networks<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Grid<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Members involved<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Garab\u00ed link<\/td><td>rated 2,200 MW back-to-back converter between 60 Hz and 50 Hz <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>; flows mainly from Brazil to Argentina<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Itaip\u00fa and Yacyret\u00e1<\/td><td>binational plants on shared rivers; output not bound<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gas supply<\/td><td>first Argentine exports to Brazil through Bolivian pipelines reported in early 2026; volumes not bound<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gas transit volume<\/td><td>a figure of 3 million m\u00b3 a day was quoted for transit; not corroborated<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity trade flows<\/td><td>monthly flows between the members not bound<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings through shared systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 ENE low flow into hydropower<\/li><li>INF \u2192 ENE a link fault crossing borders<\/li><li>TRD \u2192 ENE gas route change into power prices<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 FOO navigation and irrigation<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Paran\u00e1 low-water days and navigation depth<\/li><li>basin area by country<\/li><li>binational plant output<\/li><li>monthly gas transit volumes<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>River-level forecasts for the Paran\u00e1 corridor, reservoir levels, and the monthly gas transit volumes<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Basin bodies, binational plant operators and regulators hold these mandates. This chapter assesses none of them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.3<\/span><span>Hub list: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The hubs the series registry names for this region and for its member countries. The list is read from the registry, so a change there changes this page.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Registry<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Regional hubs<\/dt><dd>S\u00e3o Paulo<\/dd><dt>Desks with a remit<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 GRX<\/dd><dt>Registry record<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Member hubs as the registry names them<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Hub<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Member<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Registry role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Member edition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>S\u00e3o Paulo<\/td><td>Brazil<\/td><td>G20 \u00b7 hub<\/td><td>in preparation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>not named in the registry<\/td><td>Argentina<\/td><td>G20<\/td><td>in preparation<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What a hub does in this series<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Hub terms of reference are not set at baseline<\/li><li>Hub contact points are not named at baseline<\/li><li>The registry names the hubs and the desks with a remit; working arrangements follow from Q1 2027<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A hub is a place named in the registry. It is not an institution, an office or a mandate, and it gives no authority over any member.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.4<\/span><span>Regional pathway: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The regional pathway is the route through which the series reads South America as one region from 2027. This page states what exists today and what comes next. It does not describe any body that has not been constituted.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The regional pathway at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Stage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What exists today<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Regional hubs<\/td><td>S\u00e3o Paulo is named in the series registry<\/td><td>NAMED<\/td><td>terms set from Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Desks<\/td><td>GCRI, GRF and GRX hold the remit for regional editions in the registry<\/td><td>NAMED<\/td><td>work plan for Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence graph<\/td><td>member and regional findings share identifiers<\/td><td>PREPARED<\/td><td>first sealed cut NQ-REG-SAM-2027-Q1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Member editions<\/td><td>Brazil in preparation; Argentina in preparation<\/td><td>MIXED<\/td><td>review through the chain before release<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Open at baseline<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Constitution of any regional council or working group<\/li><li>Hub terms of reference and contact points<\/li><li>Admission of further South American subjects to the registry<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Decisions that rest elsewhere<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Energy, water and health policy rest with national authorities<\/li><li>Treaties are made by their parties; this edition cites them and decides nothing<\/li><li>Countries that share basins with the members are not members of this edition<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>The pathway is a design. It does not set priorities for a government and assesses no authority.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Brazil, Argentina and Latin America &amp; Caribbean aggregate, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF, Mt CO2e, AR5 basis (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), Brazil, Argentina and Latin America &amp; Caribbean aggregate, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), Brazil, Argentina and Latin America &amp; Caribbean aggregate, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Forest area, % of land area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Renewable energy consumption, % of total final energy consumption (EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API (latest value returned is 2021). World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Terrestrial and marine protected areas, % of total territorial area (ER.PTD.TOTL.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Brazil electricity country page (low-carbon share 89%, hydro 52%, wind and solar 27%, fossil 11% of generation in 2025; no generation total on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Inter-American Development Bank, with ECLAC and the World Bank Group (eds.), Damage and loss assessment of the April and May 2024 floods in Rio Grande do Sul (BRL 88.9 billion), as reported by Ag\u00eancia Brasil on 29 November 2024; the assessment itself was not opened. IDB, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Argentina electricity country page (low-carbon share 42%, wind and solar 16%, fossil 58% of generation in 2025; no generation total on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>NASA Earth Observatory (ed.), Bah\u00eda Blanca inundated (image of the day, 17 March 2025; about 400 mm in 8 hours on 7 March 2025, previous daily record 175 mm in 1930; page updated 31 January 2026). NASA, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Pan American Health Organization (ed.), PAHO calls for collective action in response to record increase in dengue cases in the Americas (news release, 28 March 2024; data as of 26 March 2024). PAHO, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Pan American Health Organization (ed.), Epidemiological alert: increase in dengue cases in the Americas region, 7 October 2024 (11,732,921 cases to epidemiological week 36; Brazil 5,303 deaths, Argentina 408; taken from search summaries because the PDF text could not be read). PAHO, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Hitachi Energy (ed.), Brazil-Argentina HVDC interconnection, Garab\u00ed converter station (2,200 MW back-to-back; 60 Hz and 50 Hz; first phase 2000, second phase 2002; flows mainly Brazil to Argentina per a World Bank case study); taken from search summaries. Hitachi Energy, Zurich. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Energy Intelligence (ed.), Argentina\u2019s piped gas exports to Brazil take step forward (first Vaca Muerta gas to Brazil through Bolivian pipelines, early 2026; 3 million m3 a day transit offer; taken from search summaries). Energy Intelligence, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>F. Sindico, in M. Fitzmaurice, A. Tanzi and A. Papantoniou (eds.), The Guarani Aquifer Agreement 2010, in Multilateral Environmental Treaties, Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2017, pp. 299\u2013310 (catalogue page opened; parties Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay). Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Treaty of the River Plate Basin (Tratado da Bacia do Prata), signed by the basin states in 1969. Observation year 1969. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Associated Press (ed.), Drought has dried a major Amazon River tributary to its lowest level in over 122 years (Negro River at the port of Manaus 12.66 m, October 2024; the page opened returned not found). AP, New York. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Amazon Cooperation Treaty (Tratado de Coopera\u00e7\u00e3o Amaz\u00f4nica), signed by the Amazon basin states in 1978. Observation year 1978. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Treaty of Itaip\u00fa between Brazil and Paraguay on the hydroelectric use of the Paran\u00e1 river, signed in 1973. Observation year 1973. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Associated Press and trade press (eds.), Drought hits South America river, threatening vast ecosystem (Paran\u00e1 at its lowest level in nearly 80 years, 2021; reports of 77 and 80 years differ; Itaip\u00fa output). AP, New York, August 2021. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-c8-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-methodology\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/\">South America 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex A<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Methodology<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">How the edition was made: methods, the model card, the evidence cut and its age, the acceptance record and the glossary.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>14 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>13 tables<\/span><span>21 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.1<\/span><span>Methods<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The regional baseline uses published values and four simple derivations. Each is shown in full so that any reader can reproduce it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Methods<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">No.<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Derivation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Calculation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Result<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>(1)<\/td><td>Brazil\u2019s share of the two members\u2019 population, 2025<\/td><td>212.81 \u00f7 (212.81 + 45.85)<\/td><td>82.3%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(2)<\/td><td>Brazil\u2019s share of the two members\u2019 emissions excluding land use, 2024<\/td><td>1,299.18 \u00f7 (1,299.18 + 374.34)<\/td><td>77.6%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(3)<\/td><td>Brazil\u2019s share of the two members\u2019 GDP, 2025<\/td><td>2,279.92 \u00f7 (2,279.92 + 683.10)<\/td><td>76.9%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(4)<\/td><td>Combined emissions excluding land use, 2024<\/td><td>1,299.18 + 374.34<\/td><td>1,673.5 Mt<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling strength scale (matrix and model card)<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Strength<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>STRONG<\/td><td>a disruption in the source system has historically changed the target system\u2019s service or output within one season, in more than one region<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MODERATE<\/td><td>an effect is documented but buffered or slower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEAK<\/td><td>an effect is plausible but not documented at regional scale<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Status grammar<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rule<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>value as issued by its source, with year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>reasoned from cited evidence; never a measurement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus analytical value with stated method<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>conditional on stated assumptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>structured editorial judgement awaiting evidence<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.2<\/span><span>Model card: Regional System Model v0<\/span><\/h2><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model ID<\/dt><dd>MDL-SAM-REGIONAL \u00b7 v0.1<\/dd><dt>Purpose<\/dt><dd>represent South America as coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> across member countries, with forcing and transmission layers<\/dd><dt>Family<\/dt><dd>graph-based system of systems<\/dd><dt>Inputs<\/dt><dd>the cited sources of this edition; no proprietary data<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>expert-specified coupling strengths (STRONG \u00b7 MODERATE \u00b7 WEAK) from assessments and analogue events<\/dd><dt>Validation<\/dt><dd>none yet, first validation against federation evidence in 2027<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>qualitative; strengths are hypotheses, not measurements<\/dd><dt>Domain of validity<\/dt><dd>regional scale; not for national, basin or asset-level use<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>strength table and sources published in this edition<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">couplings<\/span><p>typed in v0<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strong<\/span><p>documented within one season<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">moderate<\/span><p>documented, buffered<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">weak<\/span><p>plausible, undocumented<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>framing the 2027 agenda; choosing which couplings to measure first; explaining the coupled reading of risk in South America.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOT SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>quantitative loss estimates, country comparisons or rankings, operational decisions, or any claim about a specific asset.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">VERSIONING<\/p><p>Models are immutable by version. A change to any coupling, rule or weight produces v0.2 with its own card and correction note.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.3<\/span><span>The baseline evidence cut<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Every Nexus edition is published from a frozen evidence cut. The regional baseline cut is documentary: it pins the exact edition of every source cited. Federation cuts begin with the first national Foundry cuts in 2027.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Cut ID<\/dt><dd>NQ-REG-SAM-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Type<\/dt><dd>baseline documentary cut<\/dd><dt>Resolution policy<\/dt><dd>pinned \u00b7 as of 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Sources pinned<\/dt><dd>50 cited sources, each at the edition and access date in the references<\/dd><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>none at baseline, analytical values are stated with their method<\/dd><dt>Digest<\/dt><dd>computed at <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.hard-freeze\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"Air temperature falling well below freezing for hours, killing crops, bursting pipes and stopping water flow.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">freeze<\/a> and recorded in the publication record<\/dd><dt>Supersedes<\/dt><dd>nothing, first cut of the series<\/dd><dt>Superseded by<\/dt><dd>NQ-REG-SAM-2027-Q1-1 at the Q1 2027 close<\/dd><\/dl><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Lineage<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">source edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">pinned citation<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">finding<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">page<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">publication record<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">From the baseline cut to the federation cut<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Element<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2027 regional annual<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Sources<\/td><td>cited publications, pinned by edition<\/td><td>national, regional and sector cuts through one graph<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Analysis<\/td><td>stated methods and editorial estimates<\/td><td>typed analysis specifications<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Models<\/td><td>Regional System Model v0 specification<\/td><td>model runs with receipts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Findings<\/td><td>twelve baseline findings<\/td><td>findings re-bound to federation evidence<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Review<\/td><td>five passes scheduled<\/td><td>five passes on the exact digest<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.4<\/span><span>Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A 2026 edition rests on evidence observed in many different years. This page shows each time base, so that no single year label hides older evidence.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Observed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Released<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next release<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Population<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>not recorded<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gross domestic product<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>not recorded<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Greenhouse gases excluding land use<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>not recorded<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Renewable share of final energy<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>not recorded<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity mix<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Dec 2025 (Argentina page)<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forest area<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>not recorded<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protected areas<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>not recorded<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WMO regional report<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>May 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rio Grande do Sul assessment<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>Nov 2024<\/td><td>one-off<\/td><td>not scheduled<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coverage by system at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Thinnest dimension<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Climate and hazards<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>losses; net emissions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>plant output; cross-border flows<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>low-water series; Argentine access<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>harvest and export volumes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>dengue for 2025<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a> at source<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>insured and uninsured losses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Digital<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>dependency mapping<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Designed empty states: what is not bound, what would fill it and why<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Field<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source that would fill it<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Blocker<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Share of Argentina\u2019s population using safely managed drinking water<\/td><td>World Bank series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup> and the Argentine national water authority<\/td><td>the World Bank series returned no value for Argentina for 2019 to 2024<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Renewable share of final energy after 2021, Brazil and Argentina<\/td><td>World Bank series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup> and national energy balances<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the series ended in 2021 in the query; the Brazilian 2026 balance could not be read at source<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Net emissions including land use for Brazil and Argentina on one basis<\/td><td>national inventories and the SEEG system<\/td><td>the series read<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup> excludes land use and the pledges<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup> use net bases<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Official PRODES deforestation rates for the Amazon and Cerrado, read at source<\/td><td>National Institute for Space Research<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the government page returned an access restriction; values come from search summaries<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Paran\u00e1 River low-water days and navigation depth by year<\/td><td>national water institutes and port authorities<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>not retrieved; the press accounts disagree on the length of the record<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Annual output of Itaip\u00fa, Yacyret\u00e1 and Salto Grande<\/td><td>binational plant operators<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deaths and economic losses of the 2023 and 2024 Amazon droughts<\/td><td>Brazil geological service and civil defence records<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>only press coverage of river levels was found<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deaths and losses of the March 2025 Bah\u00eda Blanca storm<\/td><td>municipal and national civil protection records<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>press counts rose over several days and no final official total was read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dengue cases and deaths for 2025 and 2026, Brazil and Argentina<\/td><td>PAHO dengue indicators and national health ministries<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>not retrieved; the full-year 2024 totals were also not read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Guarani aquifer area by country and abstraction<\/td><td>the aquifer agreement parties and transboundary aquifer assessments<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>search results gave conflicting area figures and no source was opened<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Paran\u00e1\u2013La Plata basin area and population by country<\/td><td>La Plata basin treaty bodies<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Argentine submission record of the third national pledge<\/td><td>UNFCCC registry and Climate Action Tracker<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the announcement was read, but the submission status was disputed in search results<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monthly volumes of Argentine gas exported to Brazil through Bolivia<\/td><td>Bolivian state gas company and the Brazilian regulator<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>not retrieved; only first-flow reports were found<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Insured and uninsured losses of the 2024 and 2025 floods<\/td><td>insurers\u2019 associations and reinsurers<\/td><td>not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability rungs: <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a>, reserves, response, recovery, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">social protection<\/a>, infrastructure, workforce<\/td><td>civil protection, weather services, utilities and ministries<\/td><td>not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.5<\/span><span>Evidence cards: two anchor sources<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the World Bank, from national and United Nations sources. Annual. Role: binds the population figures in the profile and regional reading. Coverage is national totals for Brazil and Argentina.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-SAM-001<\/h3><p>Population, total<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Authored by the Inter-American Development Bank with ECLAC and the World Bank Group, as reported by Ag\u00eancia Brasil. One-off. Role: binds the flood loss finding. Coverage is Rio Grande do Sul.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-SAM-002<\/h3><p>Damage and loss assessment of the 2024 floods<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Quality dimensions at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Dimension<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-SAM-001<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-SAM-002<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Completeness<\/td><td>Brazil and Argentina national totals<\/td><td>one Brazilian state<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Timeliness<\/td><td>about 1 year after the reference year<\/td><td>about 6 months after the event<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Revision<\/td><td>revised by the issuer; not tracked here<\/td><td>one-off<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Method transparency<\/td><td>published methodology<\/td><td>press report of the assessment read; the report itself was not opened<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>External validation<\/td><td>not assessed in this edition<\/td><td>not assessed in this edition<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence cards to follow in Q1 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Brazilian energy balance<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup> : power mix at source<\/li><li>Binational plant operators<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup> : output<\/li><li>National water services<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup> : river flows<\/li><li>Reports Foundational Edition<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n49\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r49\" aria-label=\"Note 49\">49<\/a><\/sup> and the global baseline<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n50\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r50\" aria-label=\"Note 50\">50<\/a><\/sup> : method and peer distributions<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.6<\/span><span>Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Editorial self-check at evidence close. Every applicable item carries a disposition; the remaining items are review, approval and deposit.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-tab9\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Group<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Area<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Items<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pass<\/th><th scope=\"col\">N\/A<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pending<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D1<\/td><td>Identity and scope<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>Source and data<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D3<\/td><td>Analysis and models<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D4<\/td><td>Findings and claims<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D5<\/td><td>Figures, tables, maps<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D6<\/td><td>Editorial and citations<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D7<\/td><td>Review and approval<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>13<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D8<\/td><td>Artefact and design<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D9<\/td><td>Registry and release<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication gate<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Conditions met<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close<\/dd><dt>Blocking problems<\/dt><dd>none recorded<\/dd><dt>Open conditions<\/dt><dd>reviews, approval of the exact digest, deposit, registry pointer<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Not applicable at baseline<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>first runs in Q1 2027<\/dd><dt>Maps<\/dt><dd>plates in Q2 2027<\/dd><dt>Waivers<\/dt><dd>none<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Dispositions are recorded item by item in the machine-readable checklist. A FAIL on any item blocks release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.7<\/span><span>Status words<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-tab10\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The status every value carries<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it means<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"positive\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Observed<\/span><\/td><td>Measured directly and published by the source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>Published statistics of an official or institutional source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Declared<\/span><\/td><td>Stated by the body concerned; not independently measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>A Nexus estimate from cited evidence, with its method in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Modelled<\/span><\/td><td>Produced by a stated model from cited inputs.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>Reasoned from cited evidence; not measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Forecast<\/span><\/td><td>A projection by the cited source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Simulated<\/span><\/td><td>A simulation result under stated assumptions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>A conditional statement under stated assumptions; never a prediction.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>Expert judgement, recorded with its basis.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><td>Proposed for a later edition; not yet evidence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Evidence-quality levels (EQL 1 to 5) grade the source behind a value; they are not a score of the subject.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.8<\/span><span>How the edition is made, released and corrected<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">Every edition is built from a sealed evidence cut, reviewed under three keys, signed and deposited before any site shows it as published; corrections go to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> as change proposals and feed the next cut.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Evidence arrives from the pillars<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Foundry seals observations and indicator series, Universe hands over after-action and scenario findings, and contributions are screened at every gateway, including this site&#8217;s.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 The cut is sealed<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">On the cut date the evidence is pinned under one identifier, so anyone can rebuild the edition from exactly what it was built on.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 The edition is assembled<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The edition is drafted from its template and content pack. Agents may draft; they never publish and never decide.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 The keys turn<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">At the publisher of record the truth key comes first: every value is checked against its source or stated method before the meaning and capital keys turn. No edition moves on until every key has been turned by a named steward.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 The gate opens<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A named approver releases one exact digest of the edition; any change after this point is a new version, never a silent edit.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Signed and deposited<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The PDF, the web edition and the data bundle are signed together with a manifest and an RO-Crate description, and deposited on Zenodo with a concept and a version DOI.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">07 Published on its desk&#8217;s site<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Only then does the edition show as published on its desk&#8217;s Reports site, and the Collection lists it as a part.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">08 Corrections go to Standards<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Method and correction findings go to Nexus Standards as change proposals; citations, corrections and new contributions feed the next evidence cut.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of the process, not a forecast and not a record of any run; dates and counts on this page come from the programme record. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/governance\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Reports governance at GCRI Canada<\/a> (2026); Zenodo, repository of record for Reports deposits (2026).<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">Lifecycle, one state at a time: Draft, Computed, Evidence bound, Reviewed, Approved for release, Published, Corrected, Superseded. This edition is a draft.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.9<\/span><span>Glossary and abbreviations<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-tab11\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Series terms<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Baseline Edition<\/td><td>the inaugural annual edition that fixes the reference state for the series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEFH+B<\/td><td>water, energy, food, health and biodiversity, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/governance-in-operation\/national-nexus\" data-tc=\"National Nexus\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The national model: the NNC, the NLC and the NWG as its three participation pillars, with the National Desk, Model and Portfolio and the NSC as the standards function of the NNC (OR-13)\">national nexus<\/a> core<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coupling<\/td><td>a typed dependency through which one system transmits to another<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">Protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>the share of losses not covered by insurance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability ladder<\/td><td>LISTED \u2192 EXISTS \u2192 ADEQUATE \u2192 TESTED \u2192 DEMONSTRATED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EQL<\/td><td>evidence-quality level, 1\u20135<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence cut<\/td><td>a frozen resolution of exact sources and versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NNC \u00b7 NLC \u00b7 NWG<\/td><td>National Nexus Consortium \u00b7 National Leadership Council \u00b7 National Working Groups<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-tab12\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.12<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Abbreviations used in this edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Abbreviation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Expansion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>AR5<\/td><td>IPCC Fifth Assessment Report<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CAT<\/td><td>Climate Action Tracker<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ECLAC<\/td><td>Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EPE<\/td><td>Energy Research Company (Brazil)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IDB<\/td><td>Inter-American Development Bank<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>INPE<\/td><td>National Institute for Space Research (Brazil)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LULUCF<\/td><td>land use, land-use change and forestry<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NASA<\/td><td>National Aeronautics and Space Administration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PAHO<\/td><td>Pan American Health Organization<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PRODES<\/td><td>Amazon <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h25\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.forest.deforestation\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Forest and woodland stress\" data-td=\"Clearing of forest for other land uses, losing habitat, carbon storage and watershed protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H25\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">deforestation<\/a> monitoring programme (Brazil)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UNFCCC<\/td><td>United Nations Framework Convention on <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WMO<\/td><td>World Meteorological Organization<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.10<\/span><span>Technical annex<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-tab13\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.13<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Technical annex<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Annex<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contents<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A.1<\/td><td>Indicator definitions<\/td><td>the regional indicator set, with units and sources<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.2<\/td><td>Coupling strengths<\/td><td>the twenty-cell matrix and its rationale<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.3<\/td><td>Scenario specification<\/td><td>SCN-SAM-DRY-01 assumptions and signposts<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.4<\/td><td>Capability placements<\/td><td>rung evidence for fifteen functions<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.5<\/td><td>Model diagnostics<\/td><td>first runs and validation<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.6<\/td><td>Sensitivity analyses<\/td><td>influence of coupling strengths<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.7<\/td><td>Member-country notes<\/td><td>atlas cards for every member country<\/td><td>Q2 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.8<\/td><td>Review statements<\/td><td>pass-by-pass review record<\/td><td>AT RELEASE<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">A.1 \u00b7 indicator definition: emissions excluding land use<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Construct<\/dt><dd>annual greenhouse gas emissions without land use, land-use change and forestry<\/dd><dt>Unit<\/dt><dd>Mt CO\u2082e<\/dd><dt>Scope<\/dt><dd>calendar year, AR5 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 global-warming\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The rise in global average surface temperature relative to a pre-industrial baseline, the headline indicator of human-driven climate change.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">global warming<\/a> potentials<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>World Bank greenhouse gas series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Revision<\/dt><dd>revised by the issuer; not tracked here<\/dd><dt>Known limits<\/dt><dd>excludes land use, which is large in Brazil; differs from the net bases of the national pledges<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Annexes carry the same evidence, review and correction rules as the chapters and are versioned with the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), People using safely managed drinking water services, % of population (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API (no value returned for Argentina). World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Renewable energy consumption, % of total final energy consumption (EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API (latest value returned is 2021). World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Empresa de Pesquisa Energ\u00e9tica (ed.), Balan\u00e7o Energ\u00e9tico Nacional 2026, base year 2025 (renewable share of the electricity matrix 86.8%, from press summaries; the report was not found). EPE, Rio de Janeiro. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF, Mt CO2e, AR5 basis (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), Brazil, Argentina and Latin America &amp; Caribbean aggregate, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), Brazil: targets (second NDC, 59% to 67% below 2005 by 2035, 850 to 1,050 Mt CO2e including land use, submitted 13 November 2024; page updated 30 June 2026). Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Subsecretar\u00eda de Ambiente, Presidencia de la Naci\u00f3n (ed.), Argentina present\u00f3 la tercera contribuci\u00f3n determinada a nivel nacional (net emissions not above 375 Mt CO2e for 2030 and 2035, 3 November 2025). Government of Argentina, Buenos Aires. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (ed.), PRODES estimate for the Legal Amazon, August 2024 to July 2025 (5,796 km2, 11.08% below the previous cycle; Cerrado 7,235 km2), announced 30 October 2025; taken from search summaries because the government page required authentication. INPE, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Associated Press and trade press (eds.), Drought hits South America river, threatening vast ecosystem (Paran\u00e1 at its lowest level in nearly 80 years, 2021; reports of 77 and 80 years differ; Itaip\u00fa output). AP, New York, August 2021. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Treaty of Itaip\u00fa between Brazil and Paraguay on the hydroelectric use of the Paran\u00e1 river, signed in 1973. Observation year 1973. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Associated Press (ed.), Drought has dried a major Amazon River tributary to its lowest level in over 122 years (Negro River at the port of Manaus 12.66 m, October 2024; the page opened returned not found). AP, New York. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Argentine and international press (eds.), Bah\u00eda Blanca floods of March 2025 (at least 16 deaths reported, counts rose over several days; no final official total read). Municipality of Bah\u00eda Blanca and press, March 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Pan American Health Organization (ed.), PAHO calls for collective action in response to record increase in dengue cases in the Americas (news release, 28 March 2024; data as of 26 March 2024). PAHO, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Pan American Health Organization (ed.), Epidemiological alert: increase in dengue cases in the Americas region, 7 October 2024 (11,732,921 cases to epidemiological week 36; Brazil 5,303 deaths, Argentina 408; taken from search summaries because the PDF text could not be read). PAHO, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>F. Sindico, in M. Fitzmaurice, A. Tanzi and A. Papantoniou (eds.), The Guarani Aquifer Agreement 2010, in Multilateral Environmental Treaties, Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2017, pp. 299\u2013310 (catalogue page opened; parties Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay). Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Treaty of the River Plate Basin (Tratado da Bacia do Prata), signed by the basin states in 1969. Observation year 1969. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Climate Action Tracker (ed.), Argentina: targets and 2035 NDC (states the 2035 target had not been submitted to the UNFCCC as of June 2026; taken from search summaries). Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Energy Intelligence (ed.), Argentina\u2019s piped gas exports to Brazil take step forward (first Vaca Muerta gas to Brazil through Bolivian pipelines, early 2026; 3 million m3 a day transit offer; taken from search summaries). Energy Intelligence, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Brazil, Argentina and Latin America &amp; Caribbean aggregate, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Inter-American Development Bank, with ECLAC and the World Bank Group (eds.), Damage and loss assessment of the April and May 2024 floods in Rio Grande do Sul (BRL 88.9 billion), as reported by Ag\u00eancia Brasil on 29 November 2024; the assessment itself was not opened. IDB, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n49\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">49<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports: The Foundational Edition, Volumes I and II. Reports series, Edition 2026\u20132030, V1.0. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r49\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 49\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-n50\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">50<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition (draft pack used by the generator as the structural base; not read by the author of this spec). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-ca-r50\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 50\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-data\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/\">South America 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex B<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Data appendix<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>11 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>7 tables<\/span><span>27 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.1<\/span><span>The indicator set<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Baseline indicator set<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Brazil population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">212.8<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Argentina population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">45.9<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Brazil GDP<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">2,279.9<\/span><\/td><td>USD billion<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Argentina GDP<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">683.1<\/span><\/td><td>USD billion<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Brazil emissions excluding land use<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1,299.2<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Argentina emissions excluding land use<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">374.3<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Share of two-member emissions, Brazil<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">77.6<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Brazil low-carbon share of electricity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">89<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Argentina low-carbon share of electricity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">42<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Brazil renewable share of final energy<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">46.5<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Argentina renewable share of final energy<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">9.2<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Brazil forest area<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">58.5<\/span><\/td><td>% of land<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Argentina forest area<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">17.1<\/span><\/td><td>% of land<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Brazil protected area<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">29.4<\/span><\/td><td>% of territory<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Argentina protected area<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">9.7<\/span><\/td><td>% of territory<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rio Grande do Sul damage and loss<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">88.9<\/span><\/td><td>BRL billion<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Brazil safely managed drinking water<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">88.6<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Argentina safely managed drinking water<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Paran\u00e1 low-water days<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>days<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Binational hydropower output<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>GWh<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dengue cases, 2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>cases<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-actions nrp-noprint\"><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:text\/csv;charset=utf-8,Indicator%2CValue%2CUnit%2CYear%2CState%2CSource%0ABrazil%20population%2C212.8%2Cmillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0AArgentina%20population%2C45.9%2Cmillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0ABrazil%20GDP%2C%222%2C279.9%22%2CUSD%20billion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0AArgentina%20GDP%2C683.1%2CUSD%20billion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0ABrazil%20emissions%20excluding%20land%20use%2C%221%2C299.2%22%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B6%5D%0AArgentina%20emissions%20excluding%20land%20use%2C374.3%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B6%5D%0A%22Share%20of%20two-member%20emissions%2C%20Brazil%22%2C77.6%2C%25%2C2024%2CESTIMATED%2C%5B6%5D%0ABrazil%20low-carbon%20share%20of%20electricity%2C89%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B13%5D%0AArgentina%20low-carbon%20share%20of%20electricity%2C42%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B14%5D%0ABrazil%20renewable%20share%20of%20final%20energy%2C46.5%2C%25%2C2021%2CREPORTED%2C%5B4%5D%0AArgentina%20renewable%20share%20of%20final%20energy%2C9.2%2C%25%2C2021%2CREPORTED%2C%5B4%5D%0ABrazil%20forest%20area%2C58.5%2C%25%20of%20land%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B3%5D%0AArgentina%20forest%20area%2C17.1%2C%25%20of%20land%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B3%5D%0ABrazil%20protected%20area%2C29.4%2C%25%20of%20territory%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B7%5D%0AArgentina%20protected%20area%2C9.7%2C%25%20of%20territory%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B7%5D%0ARio%20Grande%20do%20Sul%20damage%20and%20loss%2C88.9%2CBRL%20billion%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B16%5D%0ABrazil%20safely%20managed%20drinking%20water%2C88.6%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B8%5D%0AArgentina%20safely%20managed%20drinking%20water%2CNot%20bound%2C%25%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B8%5D%0AParan%C3%A1%20low-water%20days%2CNot%20bound%2Cdays%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B25%5D%0ABinational%20hydropower%20output%2CNot%20bound%2CGWh%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B41%5D%0A%22Dengue%20cases%2C%202025%22%2CNot%20bound%2Ccases%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B26%5D%0A\" download=\"NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-indicators.csv\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, CSV<\/a><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:application\/json;charset=utf-8,%7B%0A%20%22edition%22%3A%20%22NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE%22%2C%0A%20%22title%22%3A%20%22South%20America%20Regional%20Systems%20Risk%20and%20Resilience%20Report%202026%3A%20Baseline%20Edition%2C%20The%20State%20of%20South%20America%E2%80%99s%20Interdependent%20Systems.%22%2C%0A%20%22status%22%3A%20%22Draft%20under%20stewardship%20review%3B%20not%20yet%20released%22%2C%0A%20%22licence%22%3A%20%22CC-BY-4.0%20for%20the%20edition%20table%3B%20each%20value%20keeps%20its%20source's%20licence%22%2C%0A%20%22columns%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%22Indicator%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Value%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Unit%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Year%22%2C%0A%20%20%22State%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Source%22%0A%20%5D%2C%0A%20%22rows%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Brazil%20population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22212.8%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Argentina%20population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2245.9%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Brazil%20GDP%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222%2C279.9%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22USD%20billion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Argentina%20GDP%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22683.1%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22USD%20billion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Brazil%20emissions%20excluding%20land%20use%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%2C299.2%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B6%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Argentina%20emissions%20excluding%20land%20use%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22374.3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B6%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Share%20of%20two-member%20emissions%2C%20Brazil%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2277.6%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22ESTIMATED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B6%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Brazil%20low-carbon%20share%20of%20electricity%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2289%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B13%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Argentina%20low-carbon%20share%20of%20electricity%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2242%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B14%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Brazil%20renewable%20share%20of%20final%20energy%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2246.5%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222021%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B4%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Argentina%20renewable%20share%20of%20final%20energy%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%229.2%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222021%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B4%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Brazil%20forest%20area%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2258.5%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%20of%20land%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B3%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Argentina%20forest%20area%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2217.1%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%20of%20land%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B3%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Brazil%20protected%20area%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2229.4%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%20of%20territory%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B7%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Argentina%20protected%20area%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%229.7%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%20of%20territory%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B7%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Rio%20Grande%20do%20Sul%20damage%20and%20loss%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2288.9%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22BRL%20billion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B16%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Brazil%20safely%20managed%20drinking%20water%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2288.6%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B8%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Argentina%20safely%20managed%20drinking%20water%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B8%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Paran%C3%A1%20low-water%20days%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22days%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B25%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Binational%20hydropower%20output%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22GWh%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B41%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Dengue%20cases%2C%202025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22cases%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B26%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%0A%20%5D%0A%7D\" download=\"NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-indicators.json\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, JSON<\/a><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOTES<\/p><p>Percentage shares are Nexus arithmetic and are labelled ESTIMATED; the method is in the technical layer. Rows marked NOT BOUND name the source that would fill them. Emissions are on the World Bank excluding-land-use basis and are not comparable with the net pledges<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup>. Final-energy shares are for 2021, the latest year the series returned. A machine-readable copy of this table is published with the evidence bundle at release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.2<\/span><span>Regional source register<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Domains bound by the register<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">WAT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ENE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FOO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">HLT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">BIO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">CLI<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">INF<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FIN<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">TRD<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">MIN<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional source register<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Category<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Period<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Population and output<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international statistics<\/td><td>Brazil, Argentina<\/td><td>2023\u20132025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Renewable energy and electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>statistics and think tank<\/td><td>members<\/td><td>2021\u20132025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>ENE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Greenhouse gases<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international statistics<\/td><td>members<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forest and protected areas<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international statistics<\/td><td>members<\/td><td>2024\u20132025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>BIO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Regional climate report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>agency assessment<\/td><td>region<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Flood assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>joint assessment<\/td><td>Brazil<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>one-off<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Storm imagery<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>agency imagery<\/td><td>Argentina<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>one-off<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dengue<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>agency reporting<\/td><td>region<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>weekly<\/td><td>HLT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international statistics<\/td><td>members<\/td><td>2022\u20132024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>WAT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pledges<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>government and tracker<\/td><td>members<\/td><td>2024\u20132025<\/td><td>five-yearly<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FIXTURE PROHIBITION<\/p><p>No demonstration or reference-cartographic fixture is used as evidence in this edition. The publication gate checks every binding against this register.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.3<\/span><span>Regional reading: South America by member country<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Map plates for every member country follow in Q2 2027, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form for the 2 member countries named in the series registry.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Selected indicators<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/h3><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">212.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Brazil<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">45.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Argentina<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,299<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>Brazil emissions<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">374<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>Argentina emissions<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional reading: South America by member country<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Member<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Principal hazards<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems most exposed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Brazil<\/td><td>river flooding in Rio Grande do Sul in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>; Amazon river lows in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>; dengue in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>water, energy, health, biodiversity<\/td><td>population 212.8 million; emissions 1,299.2 Mt; low-carbon 89% of electricity; forest 58.5%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Argentina<\/td><td>rainfall record at Bah\u00eda Blanca in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>; low Paran\u00e1 in 2021<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>water, energy, food<\/td><td>population 45.9 million; emissions 374.3 Mt; low-carbon 42% of electricity; forest 17.1%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Regional readings summarise the cited evidence. They are not risk ratings of any member country.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.4<\/span><span>Atlas card: Paran\u00e1\u2013La Plata basin<\/span><\/h2><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">basin<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">shared river system<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">navigation and hydropower<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">members: Brazil, Argentina<\/li><\/ul><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Systems in view<\/dt><dd>water, energy and freight<\/dd><dt>Defining instruments<\/dt><dd>River Plate Basin treaty<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup>; Itaip\u00fa Treaty<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup>; Guarani Aquifer Agreement<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Couplings<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 ENE; WAT \u2192 FOO<\/dd><dt>Capability evidence<\/dt><dd>treaty bodies and binational plant operators exist; performance not bound<\/dd><dt>Gaps<\/dt><dd>low-water days, plant output, basin area by country<\/dd><dt>Agenda items<\/dt><dd>A-03<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The basin reaches Brazil and Argentina and other countries outside the member set. Basin area and population by country are not bound. The Paran\u00e1 fell to its lowest level in nearly 80 years in 2021 by press accounts [25].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">WATER<\/h3><p>A shared river system<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Source: plant operators. Blocker: not retrieved at evidence close [41].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">ENERGY<\/h3><p>Binational hydropower<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Source: national waterway and port agencies. Blocker: not retrieved at evidence close.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">FREIGHT<\/h3><p>Navigation depth<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Atlas cards are generated for every member country from Q2 2027 with consistent fields and evidence-age labels. The basin is shown first because it holds the clearest shared-water coupling between the members.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.5<\/span><span>South America system card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The card through which South America appears in the global edition and in the sector series. It summarises; it does not rank.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">South America system card<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline state<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>large freshwater stocks; Negro River record low in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>low flow into energy and farming<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>low-carbon 89% and 42% of electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>hydro dependence and gas routes<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>agriculture 6.1% and 5.5% of GDP<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>drought and river logistics<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>over 3.5 million dengue cases in the Americas to March 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>seasonal outbreaks<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>forest 58.5% and 17.1% of land<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>clearing and condition at source<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Context<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Archetype<\/dt><dd>two members sharing basins, an aquifer, power links and gas supply<\/dd><dt>Population<\/dt><dd>212.8 million in Brazil and 45.9 million in Argentina (2025)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Trade<\/dt><dd>Argentine gas exports to Brazil through Bolivia began in early 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Hazard<\/dt><dd>floods of 2024 caused BRL 88.9 billion of damage and loss<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The member editions (Brazil, Argentina) and this regional edition share finding identifiers where they read the same evidence, so a correction travels to every edition at once.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">MEMBER EDITIONS<\/h3><p>Same findings, same IDs<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">South America evidence enters the water, energy, food, finance and climate sector reports through the same finding identifiers.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES<\/h3><p>Regional evidence, sector reports<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">In the global edition South America is read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL FLAGSHIP<\/h3><p>Peers, not ranks<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>External rankings, where cited, keep their own method and source. Nexus never converts them into a rating, and each member\u2019s ownership of its own edition is unaffected.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.6<\/span><span>Licences<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Licences of each kind of material<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Material<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Text<\/td><td>CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data<\/td><td>on the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td>Nexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maps<\/td><td>boundary source and licence printed on each plate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Metadata<\/td><td>CC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Third-party data, figures and text<\/td><td>The source&#8217;s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.7<\/span><span>Formats and provenance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">This edition in every format<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Format<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it is<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Web edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>Draft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Print edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indicator data<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CSV \u00b7 JSON<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>21 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE data release v1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">SVG \u00b7 PNG<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIG-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-*<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slides<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No slide deck is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence brief<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML \u00b7 PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No evidence brief is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dataset with DOI<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DataCite<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>Concept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Provenance<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Edition pack<\/dt><dd>The edition&#8217;s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built<\/dd><dt>Evidence cut<\/dt><dd>NQ-REG-SAM-2026-Q0-1, closed 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters<\/dd><dt>Self-check<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release<\/dd><dt>Review<\/dt><dd>five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>GCRI for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Corrections<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Brazil, Argentina and Latin America &amp; Caribbean aggregate, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), Brazil, Argentina and Latin America &amp; Caribbean aggregate, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF, Mt CO2e, AR5 basis (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), Brazil, Argentina and Latin America &amp; Caribbean aggregate, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Brazil electricity country page (low-carbon share 89%, hydro 52%, wind and solar 27%, fossil 11% of generation in 2025; no generation total on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Argentina electricity country page (low-carbon share 42%, wind and solar 16%, fossil 58% of generation in 2025; no generation total on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Renewable energy consumption, % of total final energy consumption (EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API (latest value returned is 2021). World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Forest area, % of land area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Terrestrial and marine protected areas, % of total territorial area (ER.PTD.TOTL.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Inter-American Development Bank, with ECLAC and the World Bank Group (eds.), Damage and loss assessment of the April and May 2024 floods in Rio Grande do Sul (BRL 88.9 billion), as reported by Ag\u00eancia Brasil on 29 November 2024; the assessment itself was not opened. IDB, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), People using safely managed drinking water services, % of population (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API (no value returned for Argentina). World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Associated Press and trade press (eds.), Drought hits South America river, threatening vast ecosystem (Paran\u00e1 at its lowest level in nearly 80 years, 2021; reports of 77 and 80 years differ; Itaip\u00fa output). AP, New York, August 2021. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Treaty of Itaip\u00fa between Brazil and Paraguay on the hydroelectric use of the Paran\u00e1 river, signed in 1973. Observation year 1973. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Pan American Health Organization (ed.), Epidemiological alert: increase in dengue cases in the Americas region, 7 October 2024 (11,732,921 cases to epidemiological week 36; Brazil 5,303 deaths, Argentina 408; taken from search summaries because the PDF text could not be read). PAHO, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), Brazil: targets (second NDC, 59% to 67% below 2005 by 2035, 850 to 1,050 Mt CO2e including land use, submitted 13 November 2024; page updated 30 June 2026). Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Subsecretar\u00eda de Ambiente, Presidencia de la Naci\u00f3n (ed.), Argentina present\u00f3 la tercera contribuci\u00f3n determinada a nivel nacional (net emissions not above 375 Mt CO2e for 2030 and 2035, 3 November 2025). Government of Argentina, Buenos Aires. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Population ages 65 and above, % of total population (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API (Brazil 11.5%, Argentina 12.6% in 2025; consulted for the profile, not used in a finding). World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Urban population, % of total population (SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Renewable electricity output, % of total electricity output (EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API (latest value returned is 2021). World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Latin America and the Caribbean 2025 (series page, published 18 May 2026, updated 12 June 2026; key messages only, the full report was not opened). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>NASA Earth Observatory (ed.), Bah\u00eda Blanca inundated (image of the day, 17 March 2025; about 400 mm in 8 hours on 7 March 2025, previous daily record 175 mm in 1930; page updated 31 January 2026). NASA, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Pan American Health Organization (ed.), PAHO calls for collective action in response to record increase in dengue cases in the Americas (news release, 28 March 2024; data as of 26 March 2024). PAHO, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita, cubic metres (ER.H2O.INTR.PC), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Associated Press (ed.), Drought has dried a major Amazon River tributary to its lowest level in over 122 years (Negro River at the port of Manaus 12.66 m, October 2024; the page opened returned not found). AP, New York. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Treaty of the River Plate Basin (Tratado da Bacia do Prata), signed by the basin states in 1969. Observation year 1969. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>F. Sindico, in M. Fitzmaurice, A. Tanzi and A. Papantoniou (eds.), The Guarani Aquifer Agreement 2010, in Multilateral Environmental Treaties, Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2017, pp. 299\u2013310 (catalogue page opened; parties Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay). Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Agriculture, forestry and fishing, value added, % of GDP (NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Energy Intelligence (ed.), Argentina\u2019s piped gas exports to Brazil take step forward (first Vaca Muerta gas to Brazil through Bolivian pipelines, early 2026; 3 million m3 a day transit offer; taken from search summaries). Energy Intelligence, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sam-cb-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-part-references\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cc-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/\">South America 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex C<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">References and record<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Every source the edition rests on, the publication record, the corrections log and the open record.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>15 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>0 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cc-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cc-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cc-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.1<\/span><span>50 sources<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">NR-CIT-1, editor first. A DOI is linked where the source has one; Nexus records carry a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> once the catalogue allocates it (NS-1).<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Brazil, Argentina and Latin America &amp; Caribbean aggregate, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), GDP, current US$ (NY.GDP.MKTP.CD), Brazil, Argentina and Latin America &amp; Caribbean aggregate, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Forest area, % of land area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Renewable energy consumption, % of total final energy consumption (EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API (latest value returned is 2021). World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Renewable electricity output, % of total electricity output (EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API (latest value returned is 2021). World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF, Mt CO2e, AR5 basis (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), Brazil, Argentina and Latin America &amp; Caribbean aggregate, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Terrestrial and marine protected areas, % of total territorial area (ER.PTD.TOTL.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), People using safely managed drinking water services, % of population (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API (no value returned for Argentina). World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita, cubic metres (ER.H2O.INTR.PC), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Population ages 65 and above, % of total population (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API (Brazil 11.5%, Argentina 12.6% in 2025; consulted for the profile, not used in a finding). World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Agriculture, forestry and fishing, value added, % of GDP (NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), Urban population, % of total population (SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS), Brazil and Argentina, World Development Indicators API. World Bank, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Brazil electricity country page (low-carbon share 89%, hydro 52%, wind and solar 27%, fossil 11% of generation in 2025; no generation total on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Argentina electricity country page (low-carbon share 42%, wind and solar 16%, fossil 58% of generation in 2025; no generation total on the page). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Latin America and the Caribbean 2025 (series page, published 18 May 2026, updated 12 June 2026; key messages only, the full report was not opened). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Inter-American Development Bank, with ECLAC and the World Bank Group (eds.), Damage and loss assessment of the April and May 2024 floods in Rio Grande do Sul (BRL 88.9 billion), as reported by Ag\u00eancia Brasil on 29 November 2024; the assessment itself was not opened. IDB, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>NASA Earth Observatory (ed.), Bah\u00eda Blanca inundated (image of the day, 17 March 2025; about 400 mm in 8 hours on 7 March 2025, previous daily record 175 mm in 1930; page updated 31 January 2026). NASA, Washington, DC. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Pan American Health Organization (ed.), PAHO calls for collective action in response to record increase in dengue cases in the Americas (news release, 28 March 2024; data as of 26 March 2024). PAHO, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), Brazil: targets (second NDC, 59% to 67% below 2005 by 2035, 850 to 1,050 Mt CO2e including land use, submitted 13 November 2024; page updated 30 June 2026). Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Subsecretar\u00eda de Ambiente, Presidencia de la Naci\u00f3n (ed.), Argentina present\u00f3 la tercera contribuci\u00f3n determinada a nivel nacional (net emissions not above 375 Mt CO2e for 2030 and 2035, 3 November 2025). Government of Argentina, Buenos Aires. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>F. Sindico, in M. Fitzmaurice, A. Tanzi and A. Papantoniou (eds.), The Guarani Aquifer Agreement 2010, in Multilateral Environmental Treaties, Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2017, pp. 299\u2013310 (catalogue page opened; parties Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay). Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (ed.), PRODES estimate for the Legal Amazon, August 2024 to July 2025 (5,796 km2, 11.08% below the previous cycle; Cerrado 7,235 km2), announced 30 October 2025; taken from search summaries because the government page required authentication. INPE, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Empresa de Pesquisa Energ\u00e9tica (ed.), Balan\u00e7o Energ\u00e9tico Nacional 2026, base year 2025 (renewable share of the electricity matrix 86.8%, from press summaries; the report was not found). EPE, Rio de Janeiro. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Associated Press (ed.), Drought has dried a major Amazon River tributary to its lowest level in over 122 years (Negro River at the port of Manaus 12.66 m, October 2024; the page opened returned not found). AP, New York. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Associated Press and trade press (eds.), Drought hits South America river, threatening vast ecosystem (Paran\u00e1 at its lowest level in nearly 80 years, 2021; reports of 77 and 80 years differ; Itaip\u00fa output). AP, New York, August 2021. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 5, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Pan American Health Organization (ed.), Epidemiological alert: increase in dengue cases in the Americas region, 7 October 2024 (11,732,921 cases to epidemiological week 36; Brazil 5,303 deaths, Argentina 408; taken from search summaries because the PDF text could not be read). PAHO, Washington, DC. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Hitachi Energy (ed.), Brazil-Argentina HVDC interconnection, Garab\u00ed converter station (2,200 MW back-to-back; 60 Hz and 50 Hz; first phase 2000, second phase 2002; flows mainly Brazil to Argentina per a World Bank case study); taken from search summaries. Hitachi Energy, Zurich. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Energy Intelligence (ed.), Argentina\u2019s piped gas exports to Brazil take step forward (first Vaca Muerta gas to Brazil through Bolivian pipelines, early 2026; 3 million m3 a day transit offer; taken from search summaries). Energy Intelligence, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Argentine and international press (eds.), Bah\u00eda Blanca floods of March 2025 (at least 16 deaths reported, counts rose over several days; no final official total read). Municipality of Bah\u00eda Blanca and press, March 2025. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Climate Action Tracker (ed.), Argentina: targets and 2035 NDC (states the 2035 target had not been submitted to the UNFCCC as of June 2026; taken from search summaries). Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNFCCC (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>. United Nations, Paris, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2023. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: E. Castellanos, M. F. Lemos, L. Astigarraga et al., \u201cCentral and South America,\u201d in Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Working Group II contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, chapter 12. Cambridge University Press, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: B. M. Flores, A. Montoya, I. Staal et al., \u201cCritical transitions in the Amazon forest system,\u201d Nature, vol. 626, pp. 555\u2013564, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Treaty of the River Plate Basin (Tratado da Bacia do Prata), signed by the basin states in 1969. Observation year 1969. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Amazon Cooperation Treaty (Tratado de Coopera\u00e7\u00e3o Amaz\u00f4nica), signed by the Amazon basin states in 1978. Observation year 1978. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Treaty of Itaip\u00fa between Brazil and Paraguay on the hydroelectric use of the Paran\u00e1 river, signed in 1973. Observation year 1973. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Rep\u00fablica Federativa do Brasil (ed.), Lei n\u00ba 12.187, de 29 de dezembro de 2009, institui a Pol\u00edtica Nacional sobre Mudan\u00e7a do Clima. Di\u00e1rio Oficial da Uni\u00e3o, Bras\u00edlia, 2009. Observation year 2009. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Rep\u00fablica Federativa do Brasil (ed.), Lei n\u00ba 15.042, de 11 de dezembro de 2024, institui o Sistema Brasileiro de Com\u00e9rcio de Emiss\u00f5es de Gases de Efeito Estufa. Di\u00e1rio Oficial da Uni\u00e3o, Bras\u00edlia, 2024. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Argentina (ed.), Ley 27.520, Presupuestos m\u00ednimos de adaptaci\u00f3n y mitigaci\u00f3n al cambio clim\u00e1tico global; Ley 27.287 on the national civil protection system is listed with it. Bolet\u00edn Oficial, Buenos Aires, 2019. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Argentina (ed.), Ley 26.331, Presupuestos m\u00ednimos de protecci\u00f3n ambiental de los bosques nativos. Bolet\u00edn Oficial, Buenos Aires, 2007. Observation year 2007. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Government of Argentina (ed.), Ley 27.191, R\u00e9gimen de fomento nacional para el uso de fuentes renovables de energ\u00eda destinada a la producci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica. Bolet\u00edn Oficial, Buenos Aires, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Rep\u00fablica Federativa do Brasil (ed.), Lei n\u00ba 14.026, de 15 de julho de 2020, atualiza o marco legal do saneamento b\u00e1sico. Di\u00e1rio Oficial da Uni\u00e3o, Bras\u00edlia, 2020. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: International Energy Agency (ed.), Latin America Energy Outlook. IEA, Paris, 2023. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-49\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">49<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports: The Foundational Edition, Volumes I and II. Reports series, Edition 2026\u20132030, V1.0. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-ref-50\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">50<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition (draft pack used by the generator as the structural base; not read by the author of this spec). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cc-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cc-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cc-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.2<\/span><span>Publication record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Title<\/dt><dd>South America Regional <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition<\/dd><dt>Series<\/dt><dd>Reports \u00b7 Edition 2026\u20132030<\/dd><dt>Edition<\/dt><dd>Baseline Edition 2026 \u00b7 inaugural annual<\/dd><dt>Version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 \u00b7 draft for stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Publication date<\/dt><dd>October 2026<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>concept and version DOI at deposit<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publisher<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Place<\/dt><dd>Toronto<\/dd><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor<\/dd><dt>Stewards<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 technical truth \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 public meaning \u00b7 GRA \u00b7 capital meaning<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>text CC BY 4.0; data on the terms of each source<\/dd><dt>Copyright<\/dt><dd>\u00a9 2026 GCRI \u00b7 Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Language<\/dt><dd>English (en-GB) source edition<\/dd><dt>Correspondence<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway \u00b7 editorial office<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">DISCLAIMER<\/p><p>This edition is published for research, planning and public understanding. It is not a government assessment, an official warning, a rating, a certification, investment advice or an operational authorisation. Reasonable care has been taken with every source; consult the cited originals before relying on any value.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Colophon<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Format<\/dt><dd>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF<\/dd><dt>Typefaces<\/dt><dd>Space Grotesk (display) \u00b7 Geist (text) \u00b7 IBM Plex Sans Italic (standfirsts) \u00b7 IBM Plex Mono (data)<\/dd><dt>Design standard<\/dt><dd>Reports Foundational Edition, Volume I, Part VII<\/dd><dt>Accessibility<\/dt><dd>tagged PDF and HTML targets; text alternatives for every figure<\/dd><dt>Production<\/dt><dd>Reports editorial team, GCRI<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HOW TO CORRECT THIS EDITION<\/p><p>Report errors, omissions or objections through the Registry correction pathway. Each report is logged and answered; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version, and the original remains resolvable.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Release path for this version<\/h3><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cc-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table C.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Release path for this version<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">When<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Draft<\/td><td>editorial self-check complete at evidence close<\/td><td>October 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Steward review<\/td><td>five passes on the exact draft (keys T \u00b7 M \u00b7 F \u00b7 N)<\/td><td>Q4 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approval<\/td><td>publication authority approves the exact digest<\/td><td>before release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deposit<\/td><td>concept and version DOI minted; registry pointer set<\/td><td>at release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Succession<\/td><td>the 2027 regional edition reports changes against this baseline<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Current version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 draft, stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Previous edition<\/dt><dd>none, first edition of the series<\/dd><dt>Next edition<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2027-Q1-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Latest version<\/dt><dd>resolve the concept DOI or the registry record<\/dd><dt>Correction route<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway<\/dd><dt>Notice types<\/dt><dd>erratum \u00b7 addendum \u00b7 supersession \u00b7 withdrawal<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NO CORRECTIONS \u2260 NO LIMITS<\/p><p>The absence of corrections does not mean the absence of limitations. Limitations and uncertainty are stated where they arise in the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><div id=\"nx-nr-reg-sam-corrections\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cc-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cc-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cc-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.3<\/span><span>Corrections log<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-corr\"><p class=\"nx-nr-corr-sum\"><span class=\"nx-nr-corr-n\">0<\/span><span>correction notices. No edition has been released yet, so none can be corrected; the log below lists each edition&#8217;s current version.<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Version<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Date<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Change<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Notice<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Edition\"><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">REG-SAM<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Version\" class=\"nx-rd-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/td><td data-label=\"Date\">October 2026<\/td><td data-label=\"State\">Draft<\/td><td data-label=\"Change\">Baseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition,<\/td><td data-label=\"Notice\">None<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-rd-source\">Notice types: erratum, addendum, supersession, withdrawal. A correction is a new version with a published notice; the earlier version stays resolvable, and no edition is ever edited in silence.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-reg-sam-outputs\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cc-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cc-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cc-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.4<\/span><span>Open record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-os\"><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>This edition&#8217;s open record<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Desk identifier and series alias<\/dt><dd>NR-REG-SAM-2026-BL<\/dd><dt>Collection<\/dt><dd>None<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>Concept and version DOI at deposit, on Zenodo with DataCite metadata<\/dd><dt>Versions<\/dt><dd>Each correction is a new version (isNewVersionOf); the concept DOI resolves to the latest<\/dd><dt>Bundle<\/dt><dd>RO-Crate 1.2 with CITATION.cff, CodeMeta and PROV-O provenance; a signed manifest<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Credit and identity<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>ORCID<\/dt><dd>Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record<\/dd><dt>ROR<\/dt><dd>Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone<\/dd><dt>CRediT<\/dt><dd>Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing<\/dd><dt>Account<\/dt><dd>None needed to contribute; never a password<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Find and follow<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">Search the open indexes for South America; software is cited by its SWHID from Software Heritage, and a quantified scenario run is preregistered on OSF before it is run. Annotation is your choice: Hypothesis opens this page in its own viewer.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-nr-os-links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/openalex.org\/works?search=Nexus%20Reports%20South%20America\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAlex<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.openaire.eu\/search\/find?fv0=Nexus%20Reports%20South%20America&amp;f0=q\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAIRE<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/search\/works?q=Nexus%20Reports%20South%20America\" rel=\"noopener\">Crossref<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.datacite.org\/?query=Nexus%20Reports%20South%20America\" rel=\"noopener\">DataCite Commons<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/search?q=Nexus%20Reports%20South%20America\" rel=\"noopener\">Zenodo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.softwareheritage.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Software Heritage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/prereg\/\" rel=\"noopener\">OSF preregistration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/via.hypothes.is\/https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Annotate with Hypothesis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Mirrors and harvest<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">The DOI is canonical. At release each signed bundle is also given an IPFS content identifier and a bloxberg anchor as mirrors; both are listed in the record once they exist. Zenodo exposes every record over OAI-PMH, and reviews and endorsements can arrive through COAR Notify where the repository supports it.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><figure class=\"nx-nr-code\"><figcaption class=\"nx-nr-code-cap\">InvenioRDM metadata for a contribution on South America, prefilled from this page<\/figcaption><pre class=\"nx-nr-pre\" tabindex=\"0\"><code>{&#10;  &quot;metadata&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;id&quot;: &quot;dataset&quot;&#10;    },&#10;    &quot;title&quot;: &quot;Evidence on South America for Nexus Reports&quot;,&#10;    &quot;publication_date&quot;: &quot;YYYY-MM-DD&quot;,&#10;    &quot;creators&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;person_or_org&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;type&quot;: &quot;personal&quot;,&#10;          &quot;family_name&quot;: &quot;Your family name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;given_name&quot;: &quot;Your given name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;identifiers&quot;: [&#10;            {&#10;              &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;orcid&quot;,&#10;              &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;0000-0000-0000-0000&quot;&#10;            }&#10;          ]&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;affiliations&quot;: [&#10;          {&#10;            &quot;id&quot;: &quot;ROR identifier of your organisation&quot;&#10;          }&#10;        ]&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;description&quot;: &quot;What it is, where its record is kept and how it bears on South America Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of South America\u2019s Interdependent Systems..&quot;,&#10;    &quot;rights&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;id&quot;: &quot;cc-by-4.0&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;subjects&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Nexus Reports&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;South America&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Regional Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;related_identifiers&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/&quot;,&#10;        &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;url&quot;,&#10;        &quot;relation_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;issupplementto&quot;&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;publication-report&quot;&#10;        }&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;version&quot;: &quot;1.0.0&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;custom_fields&quot;: {},&#10;  &quot;access&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;record&quot;: &quot;public&quot;,&#10;    &quot;files&quot;: &quot;public&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;files&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;enabled&quot;: true&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;parent&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;communities&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;default&quot;: &quot;nexusreports&quot;&#10;    }&#10;  }&#10;}<\/code><\/pre><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-hook\" data-nx-research-hub=\"slot\" data-nx-research-context=\"{&quot;org&quot;:&quot;GCRI&quot;,&quot;site&quot;:&quot;gcri&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sam\/&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;edition&quot;,&quot;subject&quot;:&quot;South America&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;Regional Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;]}\" hidden><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-reg-sam-pillars\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cc-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cc-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sam-cc-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.5<\/span><span>Where this edition sits among the six pillars<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Foundry seals the evidence and Universe tests it; Reports publishes it; Standards takes its corrections and Academy teaches from it.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F03 Sealed observations and indicator series<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F04 After-action and scenario findings for<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F05 National Portfolio movement for chapter<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Applied in editions<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>: applied in editions.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>REG-SAM edition<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Reports<\/span> South America 2026, published in every format with its sources, citation and corrections.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F06 Method and correction findings as change<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F12 Q4 synthesis informs the next-year<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Taught in the open<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Academy<\/span> Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>What Foundry and Universe hand to this edition, and what it hands to Standards, Universe and Academy. From the programme spine; REG-SAM is a drafted Baseline Edition, so these handoffs run from its first operational quarter.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Handoff<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Between<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What crosses, and when<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F03<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F04<\/span><\/td><td>Universe to Reports<\/td><td>After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F05<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus Standards to Reports<\/td><td>Nexus Standards: applied in editions.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F06<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Nexus Standards<\/td><td>Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F12<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Universe<\/td><td>Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"academy\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Risk Academy<\/td><td>Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-noprint\"><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Send evidence or a correction on South America.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the GCRI <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Evidence desk. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work. 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It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. 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A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><p class=\"nx-note\" data-nr-rights=\"true\"><a class=\"nx-link\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> Free to read. Text and figures: CC BY 4.0. Data: CC0 1.0. Authors keep copyright. Published by GCRI Canada.<\/p><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-reg-sam-full-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-reg-sam-full-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-reg-sam-full-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/urban-flood\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Urban flood<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/risk-science\/risk-information-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Risk information standards and interoperability<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/data\/identification-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Identification (the UNI)<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script><style>@media print { @page { margin: 20mm 17mm 20mm 17mm; @top-left { content: \"Nexus Reports\"; font: 500 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @top-right { content: \"South America Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of South America\\002019 s Interdependent Systems. \\0000b7  Baseline Edition 2026\"; font: 400 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Sans\", sans-serif; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-left { content: \"NR-REGIONAL-SAM-2026-BASELINE \\0000b7  Draft, not released\"; font: 400 7pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-center { content: \"CC BY 4.0. 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