{"id":1339,"date":"2026-11-04T11:43:03","date_gmt":"2026-11-04T11:43:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/full\/"},"modified":"2026-11-04T18:24:29","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T18:24:29","slug":"full","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/full\/","title":{"rendered":"South Asia 2026: complete edition"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- Nexus Reports \u00b7 GCRI \u00b7 https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/full\/ \u00b7 source sha256:ee5789793fe57be24b782058106bb51b6c52f132b1dadcfbfcd9f84113914d1a \u00b7 generated by integrations\/wordpress\/nexus-reports\/build.mjs, never edit this file --><script>window.nexusLiveStrings={\"label\":\"Load the live map\",\"note\":\"Imagery and feeds come from other services (NASA, USGS, OpenStreetMap) and load only when you ask.\"};<\/script><script>(function(){\"use strict\";var n=window,l=document,A=\"nexus.live-map\",K=\"nexus.live-map.reload\";if(n.NXLive){return}var B=[{\"id\":\"gibs\",\"host\":\"gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov\",\"path\":\"^\/(wmts|wms|legends|colormaps)\/\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/gibs\",\"credit\":\"NASA GIBS\",\"test\":[\"\/wmts\/epsg3857\/best\/BlueMarble_ShadedRelief_Bathymetry\/default\/GoogleMapsCompatible_Level8\/2\/1\/1.jpeg\",\"\/wmts\/epsg3857\/best\/OPERA_L3_Dynamic_Surface_Water_Extent-HLS\/default\/2026-10-30\/GoogleMapsCompatible_Level12\/3\/2\/4.png\",\"\/wmts\/epsg4326\/best\/ASTER_GDEM_Greyscale_Shaded_Relief\/default\/250m\/0\/0\/0.jpg\",\"\/wmts\/epsg3857\/best\/GOES-East_ABI_GeoColor\/default\/2026-10-31T12:00:00Z\/GoogleMapsCompatible_Level7\/1\/0\/0.png\",\"\/wmts\/epsg4326\/best\/1.0.0\/WMTSCapabilities.xml\",\"\/wms\/epsg4326\/best\/wms.cgi?SERVICE=WMS\\u0026REQUEST=GetMap\\u0026LAYERS=ASTER_GDEM_Color_Index\",\"\/legends\/GPM_Precipitation_Rate_H.svg\"]},{\"id\":\"eonet\",\"host\":\"eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\",\"path\":\"^\/api\/v3\/\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/eonet\",\"credit\":\"NASA EONET\",\"test\":[\"\/api\/v3\/events?status=open\\u0026days=20\",\"\/api\/v3\/events\/geojson?status=open\\u0026days=7\"]},{\"id\":\"usgs\",\"host\":\"earthquake.usgs.gov\",\"path\":\"^\/earthquakes\/feed\/v1\\\\.0\/summary\/\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/usgs\",\"credit\":\"U.S. Geological Survey\",\"test\":[\"\/earthquakes\/feed\/v1.0\/summary\/4.5_week.geojson\"]},{\"id\":\"power\",\"host\":\"power.larc.nasa.gov\",\"path\":\"^\/api\/temporal\/\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/power\",\"credit\":\"NASA POWER\",\"test\":[\"\/api\/temporal\/daily\/point?parameters=T2M\\u0026community=RE\\u0026longitude=13.4\\u0026latitude=52.5\\u0026start=20261001\\u0026end=20261010\\u0026format=JSON\"]},{\"id\":\"open-meteo\",\"host\":\"open-meteo.com\",\"subs\":[\"api\",\"flood-api\",\"ensemble-api\",\"air-quality-api\",\"marine-api\",\"archive-api\",\"historical-forecast-api\"],\"path\":\"^\/v1\/\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/open-meteo\",\"credit\":\"Open-Meteo.com\",\"test\":[\"\/flood-api\/v1\/flood?latitude=52.5\\u0026longitude=13.4\\u0026daily=river_discharge\",\"\/api\/v1\/forecast?latitude=1\\u0026longitude=2\\u0026hourly=temperature_2m\"]},{\"id\":\"metno\",\"host\":\"api.met.no\",\"path\":\"^\/weatherapi\/locationforecast\/2\\\\.0\/(compact|complete)$\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/metno\",\"credit\":\"MET Norway\",\"test\":[\"\/weatherapi\/locationforecast\/2.0\/compact?lat=45.2\\u0026lon=8.45\"]},{\"id\":\"oisst\",\"host\":\"coastwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov\",\"path\":\"^\/erddap\/griddap\/ncdcOisst21Agg_LonPM180\\\\.json$\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/oisst\",\"credit\":\"NOAA OISST v2.1 (CoastWatch ERDDAP)\",\"test\":[\"\/erddap\/griddap\/ncdcOisst21Agg_LonPM180.json?sst%5B(last)%5D%5B(0.0)%5D%5B(43.5)%5D%5B(7.5)%5D\"]},{\"id\":\"terrain\",\"host\":\"elevation-tiles-prod.s3.amazonaws.com\",\"path\":\"^\/terrarium\/\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/terrain\",\"credit\":\"Terrain Tiles (Mapzen, AWS Open Data)\",\"test\":[\"\/terrarium\/3\/4\/2.png\"]},{\"id\":\"ofm\",\"host\":\"tiles.openfreemap.org\",\"path\":\"^\/(styles|planet|fonts|sprites|natural_earth)(\/|$)\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/ofm\",\"credit\":\"OpenFreeMap, OpenMapTiles, OpenStreetMap contributors\",\"test\":[\"\/styles\/dark\",\"\/planet\",\"\/planet\/20261029_001001_pt\/3\/4\/2.pbf\",\"\/fonts\/Noto%20Sans%20Regular\/0-255.pbf\",\"\/sprites\/ofm_f384\/ofm@2x.json\"]},{\"id\":\"geoboundaries\",\"host\":\"www.geoboundaries.org\",\"path\":\"^\/api\/current\/\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/geoboundaries\",\"credit\":\"geoBoundaries\",\"test\":[\"\/api\/current\/gbOpen\/KEN\/ADM1\/\"]},{\"id\":\"gh-raw\",\"host\":\"raw.githubusercontent.com\",\"path\":\"^\/wmgeolab\/geoBoundaries\/\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/gh-raw\",\"credit\":\"geoBoundaries\",\"test\":[\"\/wmgeolab\/geoBoundaries\/9469f09\/releaseData\/gbOpen\/KEN\/ADM1\/geoBoundaries-KEN-ADM1_simplified.geojson\"]},{\"id\":\"gh-media\",\"host\":\"media.githubusercontent.com\",\"path\":\"^\/media\/wmgeolab\/geoBoundaries\/\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/gh-media\",\"credit\":\"geoBoundaries\",\"test\":[\"\/media\/wmgeolab\/geoBoundaries\/9469f09\/releaseData\/gbOpen\/KEN\/ADM1\/geoBoundaries-KEN-ADM1_simplified.geojson\"]},{\"id\":\"jsdelivr\",\"host\":\"cdn.jsdelivr.net\",\"path\":\"^\/npm\/(maplibre-gl|h3-js|pmtiles)@[0-9]+\\\\.[0-9]+\\\\.[0-9]+\/dist\/\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/jsdelivr\",\"credit\":\"\",\"test\":[\"\/npm\/maplibre-gl@6.9.1\/dist\/maplibre-gl.mjs\",\"\/npm\/h3-js@4.5.0\/dist\/h3-js.umd.js\"]}];var T=[\/(^|\\.)gibs\\.earthdata\\.nasa\\.gov$\/i,\/(^|\\.)eonet\\.gsfc\\.nasa\\.gov$\/i,\/(^|\\.)power\\.larc\\.nasa\\.gov$\/i,\/(^|\\.)earthquake\\.usgs\\.gov$\/i,\/(^|\\.)open-meteo\\.com$\/i,\/(^|\\.)openfreemap\\.org$\/i,\/(^|\\.)openstreetmap\\.org$\/i,\/(^|\\.)cartocdn\\.com$\/i,\/(^|\\.)arcgisonline\\.com$\/i,\/(^|\\.)maplibre\\.org$\/i,\/(^|\\.)protomaps\\.com$\/i,\/(^|\\.)versatiles\\.org$\/i,\/(^|\\.)amazonaws\\.com$\/i,\/(^|\\.)raw\\.githubusercontent\\.com$\/i,\/(^|\\.)media\\.githubusercontent\\.com$\/i,\/(^|\\.)geoboundaries\\.org$\/i,\/(^|\\.)jsdelivr\\.net$\/i,\/(^|\\.)unpkg\\.com$\/i,\/(^|\\.)cdn[j]s\\.cloudflare\\.com$\/i,\/(^|\\.)googleapis\\.com$\/i,\/(^|\\.)gstatic\\.com$\/i];var W=n.nexusLiveStrings?n.nexusLiveStrings:{};var H={label:W.label?W.label:\"Load the live map\",note:\"Some layers of this map come from another service. They load only when you ask.\"};var J=[\"experience\",\"external\",\"optional-content\",\"embeds\",\"media\"];var v=[],f=[],C=0;function z(e,t,r,a){if(typeof e!==\"string\"){return\"\"}if(e.slice(0,8).toLowerCase()!==\"https:\/\/\"){return\"\"}var i=\/^https:\\\/\\\/([A-Za-z0-9.-]+)(?::443)?(\\\/[^?#]*)?(\\?[^#]*)?\/.exec(e);if(!i){return\"\"}var o=i[1].toLowerCase(),s=i[2]?i[2]:\"\/\",R=i[3]?i[3]:\"\";for(var m=0;m<t.length;m++){var h=t[m],L=\"\";if(h.subs){var M=\".\"+h.host;if(o.length<=M.length){continue}if(o.slice(o.length-M.length)!==M){continue}L=o.slice(0,o.length-M.length);if(h.subs.indexOf(L)<0){continue}}else if(o!==h.host){continue}if(!new RegExp(h.path).test(s)){continue}return r+a+h.to.slice(9)+(L?\"\/\"+L:\"\")+s+R}return\"\"}var O=n.location.protocol===\"https:\"?n.location.origin:n.location.protocol===\"http:\"?n.location.origin:\"\";var u=typeof n.NX_DATA_BASE===\"string\"?n.NX_DATA_BASE:\"\/nx-data\/\";if(u.charAt(u.length-1)!==\"\/\"){u+=\"\/\"}var D=O!==\"\"?n.NX_DATA!==false:false;function F(e){if(!e){return\"\"}if(typeof e===\"string\"){return e}if(e.url){return String(e.url)}if(e.href){return String(e.href)}return String(e)}function p(e){return D?z(F(e),B,O,u):\"\"}var k={};function oe(e){var t=e.slice(O.length+u.length);return t.slice(0,t.indexOf(\"\/\"))}function j(e,t){var r=oe(e),a=k[r]=k[r]||{req:0,ok:0,fail:0};a[t]++}function se(){try{if(n.localStorage.getItem(A)===\"1\"){return true}}catch(e){}try{return n.sessionStorage.getItem(A)===\"1\"}catch(e){return false}}function $(){var e=n.nexusConsent;if(!e){return null}return typeof e.allows===\"function\"?e:null}function le(){var e=n.nexusConsent;if(!e){return false}if(typeof e.granted!==\"function\"){return false}for(var t=0;t<J.length;t++){try{if(e.granted(J[t])){return true}}catch(r){}}return false}function I(e,t){if(typeof e.features!==\"function\"){return false}try{return e.features().indexOf(t)>=0}catch(r){return false}}function Y(e){var t=n.nexusConsent;if(!t){return false}if(typeof t.switchedOff!==\"function\"){return false}try{return t.switchedOff(e)===true}catch(r){return false}}function b(){var e=$();if(e){var t=I(e,\"map-embeds\")?\"map-embeds\":\"maps\";try{if(e.allows(t)===true){return true}}catch(r){}}return se()?true:le()}function d(e){var t=e?e:\"maps\";if(t===\"map-embeds\"){return b()}return!Y(t===\"globe\"?\"globe\":\"maps\")?!Y(\"maps\"):false}function ce(e){try{var t=new URL(F(e),l.baseURI);if(t.protocol!==\"http:\"){if(t.protocol!==\"https:\"){return\"\"}}return t.origin===n.location.origin?\"\":t.hostname}catch(r){return\"\"}}var Z=0;function g(e){var t=ce(e);if(!t){return false}var r=false;for(var a=0;a<T.length;a++){if(T[a].test(t)){r=true;break}}if(!r){return false}if(p(e)){return!d(\"maps\")}if(b()){return false}C++;Z++;return true}var q=0;function c(){if(q){return}q=setTimeout(function(){q=0;U()},250)}function y(e){setTimeout(function(){try{e.dispatchEvent(new Event(\"error\"))}catch(t){}},0)}var N=n.fetch;if(N){n.fetch=function(e,t){var r=p(e);if(r){if(!d(\"maps\")){C++;c();return Promise.reject(new TypeError(\"Maps are switched off in your privacy choices\"))}var a=e;if(typeof e===\"string\"){a=r}else if(n.Request?e instanceof n.Request:false){a=new n.Request(r,e)}else{a=r}j(r,\"req\");var i=arguments.length>1?N.call(n,a,t):N.call(n,a);i.then(function(o){j(r,o.ok?\"ok\":\"fail\")},function(o){if(o?o.name!==\"AbortError\":true){j(r,\"fail\")}});return i}if(g(e)){c();return Promise.reject(new TypeError(\"Blocked until the live map is loaded\"))}return N.apply(this,arguments)}}var x=n.XMLHttpRequest?n.XMLHttpRequest.prototype:null;if(x){var fe=x.open,ue=x.send;x.open=function(e,t){var r=p(t);if(r){arguments[1]=r}this.__nxLiveUrl=r?r:t;return fe.apply(this,arguments)};x.send=function(){if(g(this.__nxLiveUrl)){c();y(this);return}return ue.apply(this,arguments)}}var w=n.HTMLImageElement?Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n.HTMLImageElement.prototype,\"src\"):null;if(w){if(w.set){Object.defineProperty(n.HTMLImageElement.prototype,\"src\",{configurable:true,enumerable:w.enumerable,get:w.get,set:function(e){var t=p(e);if(g(e)){c();y(this);return}w.set.call(this,t?t:e)}})}}var _=n.Element?n.Element.prototype.setAttribute:null;if(_){n.Element.prototype.setAttribute=function(e,t){if(e===\"src\"){if(this.tagName===\"IMG\"){if(g(t)){c();y(this);return}var r=p(t);if(r){return _.call(this,e,r)}}}return _.apply(this,arguments)}}function Q(e){if(!e){return false}var t=e.tagName===\"SCRIPT\"?\"src\":e.tagName===\"LINK\"?\"href\":\"\";if(!t){return false}var r=e.getAttribute?e.getAttribute(t):\"\";var a=r?p(r):\"\";if(a){_.call(e,t,a);return false}return g(e[t])}if(n.Node){var pe=n.Node.prototype.appendChild,de=n.Node.prototype.insertBefore;n.Node.prototype.appendChild=function(e){if(Q(e)){c();y(e);return e}return pe.apply(this,arguments)};n.Node.prototype.insertBefore=function(e){if(Q(e)){c();y(e);return e}return de.apply(this,arguments)}}var S=n.Worker;if(S?D:false){var ge=\"(function(){var T=\"+JSON.stringify(B)+\",O=\"+JSON.stringify(O)+\",B=\"+JSON.stringify(u)+\",R=\"+z.toString()+',f=self.fetch;if(!f){return;}self.fetch=function(i,o){var u=typeof i===\"string\"?i:(i?(i.url?i.url:String(i)):\"\"),r=R(u,T,O,B);if(r){i=(typeof i===\"string\"?r:(typeof Request!==\"undefined\"?(i instanceof Request?new Request(r,i):r):r));}return arguments.length>1?f.call(self,i,o):f.call(self,i);};})();\\n';var P=function(e,t){if(!(this instanceof P)){return new S(e,t)}try{var r=new URL(String(e),l.baseURI);if(r.protocol===\"blob:\"?true:r.origin===n.location.origin){var a=t?t.type===\"module\":false;var i=ge+(a?\"import \"+JSON.stringify(r.href)+\";\\n\":\"importScripts(\"+JSON.stringify(r.href)+\");\\n\");return new S(URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([i],{type:\"text\/javascript\"})),t)}}catch(o){}return new S(e,t)};P.prototype=S.prototype;try{n.Worker=P}catch(e){}}var V='[data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\"],[data-nx-le],[data-nx-eo],[data-grx-globe],[data-grx-obs],.nx-sb[data-nx-sb]';function ee(){var e=[l];var t=l.querySelectorAll(\"*\");for(var r=0;r<t.length;r++){if(t[r].shadowRoot){e.push(t[r].shadowRoot)}}return e}function G(){return d(\"maps\")?Z>0?!b():false:true}function te(){var e=$();if(e){if(typeof e.enable===\"function\"){if(!d(\"maps\")){try{e.enable(\"maps\",\"site\")}catch(t){}try{e.enable(\"globe\",\"site\")}catch(t){}}if(I(e,\"map-embeds\")){try{e.enable(\"map-embeds\",\"site\")}catch(t){}}else{try{e.enable(\"maps\",\"site\")}catch(t){}}E();return}}try{n.localStorage.setItem(A,\"1\")}catch(t){try{n.sessionStorage.setItem(A,\"1\")}catch(r){}}E()}function me(e,t){var r=e.createElement(\"button\");r.type=\"button\";r.textContent=H.label;r.setAttribute(\"style\",\"pointer-events:auto;min-height:44px;min-width:44px;padding:0 18px;cursor:pointer;font:inherit;font-weight:600;font-size:14px;line-height:1.2;border-radius:2px;border:1px solid var(--nx-border-strong,#8a8a8a);background:var(--nx-text-primary,#111);color:var(--nx-bg-canvas,#fff)\");var a=\"nx-live-note-\"+Math.floor(Math.random()*1e9);r.setAttribute(\"aria-describedby\",a);r.addEventListener(\"click\",te);r.addEventListener(\"focus\",function(){r.style.outline=\"2px solid var(--nx-focus,#4c9aff)\";r.style.outlineOffset=\"2px\"});r.addEventListener(\"blur\",function(){r.style.outline=\"\"});var i=e.createElement(\"span\");i.id=a;i.textContent=H.note;i.setAttribute(\"style\",\"pointer-events:none;font-size:12px;line-height:1.4;padding:3px 7px;border-radius:2px;background:var(--nx-bg-canvas,#fff);color:var(--nx-text-secondary,#333);border:1px solid var(--nx-border-hairline,#bbb);max-width:34em\");t.appendChild(r);t.appendChild(i)}function he(e){var t=e.ownerDocument;var r=t.createElement(\"div\");r.className=\"nx-live-gate\";r.setAttribute(\"style\",\"position:absolute;inset-block-start:10px;inset-inline-start:10px;z-index:6;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:6px;max-width:calc(100% - 20px);pointer-events:none;font:inherit\");var a=$();var i=false;if(a){if(typeof a.placeholder===\"function\"){try{var o=t.createElement(\"div\");o.setAttribute(\"style\",\"pointer-events:auto\");r.appendChild(o);a.placeholder(o,d(\"maps\")?I(a,\"map-embeds\")?\"map-embeds\":\"maps\":\"maps\");i=o.childNodes.length>0;if(!i){r.removeChild(o)}}catch(s){i=false}}}if(!i){me(t,r)}return r}function U(){if(!G()){return}var e=ee();for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){var r=e[t].querySelectorAll(V);for(var a=0;a<r.length;a++){var i=r[a];if(i.getAttribute(\"data-nx-live-gate\")){continue}if(i.closest(\".nx-live-gate\")){continue}var o=i.getBoundingClientRect();if(o.width<120){continue}var s=i.querySelector(\".le-stage,.eo-stage\");if(!s){if(i.hasAttribute(\"data-nx-le\")?true:i.hasAttribute(\"data-nx-eo\")){continue}s=i}i.setAttribute(\"data-nx-live-gate\",\"1\");var R=n.getComputedStyle(s);if(R.position===\"static\"){s.style.position=\"relative\"}var m=he(s);s.appendChild(m);f.push({host:i,wrap:m,stage:s})}}ve()}function ve(){for(var e=0;e<f.length;e++){var t=f[e].stage,r=t?t.querySelector(\".nx-wm-presets\"):null;var a=r?r.getBoundingClientRect():null;if(a?a.height>0:false){var i=Math.round(a.bottom-t.getBoundingClientRect().top+8)+\"px\";if(f[e].wrap.style.insetBlockStart!==i){f[e].wrap.style.insetBlockStart=i}}}}function be(){for(var e=0;e<f.length;e++){try{f[e].wrap.remove()}catch(t){}try{f[e].host.removeAttribute(\"data-nx-live-gate\")}catch(t){}}f=[]}function ye(e,t,r){v.push({name:e,selector:t,fn:r});if(X){try{r(\"on\")}catch(a){}}}function xe(e){for(var t=0;t<v.length;t++){try{v[t].fn(e)}catch(r){}}}function we(){var e=[],t=ee();for(var r=0;r<t.length;r++){var a=t[r].querySelectorAll(V);for(var i=0;i<a.length;i++){var o=false;for(var s=0;s<v.length;s++){try{if(a[i].matches(v[s].selector)){o=true;break}}catch(R){}}if(!o){e.push(a[i])}}}return e}function Se(e){if(C===0){return}if(we().length===0){return}var t=e?\"on\":\"off\";try{if(n.sessionStorage.getItem(K)===t){return}n.sessionStorage.setItem(K,t)}catch(r){return}n.location.reload()}function re(){return!G()}var X=re();var ne=b();function E(){var e=re(),t=b(),r=e!==X?true:t!==ne;ne=t;if(!r){if(!e){c()}return}X=e;if(e){be()}xe(e?\"on\":\"off\");if(!e){c()}try{l.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(\"nexus:live-map\",{detail:{granted:e}}))}catch(a){}Se(e)}function ae(){U();if(n.MutationObserver){var e=new n.MutationObserver(function(){if(!G()){return}c()});e.observe(l.documentElement,{childList:true,subtree:true});setTimeout(function(){e.disconnect()},2e4)}}if(l.readyState===\"loading\"){l.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",ae)}else{ae()}n.addEventListener(\"load\",function(){setTimeout(U,400)});l.addEventListener(\"nexus-consent:ready\",E);l.addEventListener(\"nexus-consent:change\",E);var ie=0;var Ee=setInterval(function(){ie++;E();if(ie>40){clearInterval(Ee)}},400);n.NXData={url:function(e){return p(e)},table:B,base:u,on:D,stats:function(){return JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(k))}};n.NXLive={allowed:d,blocked:g,grant:te,register:ye,hosts:T.length,data:n.NXData}})();<\/script><style>.pix-dark-mode-switch, .bx-color-mode-toggle, .color-switcher, .page-headline { display: none !important; }<\/style><script type=\"text\/x-nexus\" class=\"_iub_cs_skip\" id=\"nxe-mount\" data-nx-run=\"mount\">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<\/script><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\" id=\"nxe-boot\">if(typeof window.__nxStill!==\"function\")window.__nxStill=function(){try{if(document.documentElement.hasAttribute(\"data-nx-still\"))return true;if(document.body?\/(?:^|\\s)mdp-readabler-stop-animations(?:\\s|$)\/.test(document.body.className):false)return true;var _=JSON.parse(window.localStorage.getItem(\"readabler\")||\"{}\");return _?_.stopAnimations===true||_.stopAnimations===\"true\"||_.stopAnimations===1:false}catch(K){return false}};(function(){function _(r,i){var f=atob(r),o=new Uint8Array(f.length),e;for(e=0;e< f.length;e++){o[e]=f.charCodeAt(e)}var s=0,a=0,u=0,n=new Uint8Array(Math.max(1024,o.length*6)),t=0;var c=[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,13,15,17,19,23,27,31,35,43,51,59,67,83,99,115,131,163,195,227,258];var d=[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,0];var m=[1,2,3,4,5,7,9,13,17,25,33,49,65,97,129,193,257,385,513,769,1025,1537,2049,3073,4097,6145,8193,12289,16385,24577];var E=[0,0,0,0,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,13,13];var lt=[16,17,18,0,8,7,9,6,10,5,11,4,12,3,13,2,14,1,15];function b(h){while(u< h){if(s>=o.length){throw new Error(\"nx-inflate: truncated\")}a|=o[s++]<< u;u+=8}var w=a%(1<< h);a>>>=h;u-=h;return w}function S(h,w,v){var g=new Uint16Array(16),A=new Uint16Array(16),p=new Uint16Array(v),x;for(x=0;x< v;x++){g[h[w+x]]++}g[0]=0;for(x=1;x<16;x++){A[x]=A[x-1]+g[x-1]}for(x=0;x< v;x++){if(h[w+x]){p[A[h[w+x]]++]=x}}return{count:g,sym:p}}function P(h){var w=0,v=0,g=0,A,p;for(A=1;A<16;A++){w|=b(1);p=h.count[A];if(w-p< v){return h.sym[g+(w-v)]}g+=p;v+=p;v<<=1;w<<=1}throw new Error(\"nx-inflate: bad code\")}function B(h){if(t+h<=n.length){return}var w=new Uint8Array(Math.max(n.length*2,t+h));w.set(n.subarray(0,t));n=w}var q=null,Z=null,k=0;while(!k){k=b(1);var J=b(2),H,F;if(J===0){a=0;u=0;var R=o[s]|o[s+1]<<8;s+=4;B(R);n.set(o.subarray(s,s+R),t);t+=R;s+=R;continue}if(J===1){if(!q){var tt=new Uint8Array(288),nt=new Uint8Array(30);for(e=0;e<288;e++){tt[e]=e<144?8:e<256?9:e<280?7:8}for(e=0;e<30;e++){nt[e]=5}q=S(tt,0,288);Z=S(nt,0,30)}H=q;F=Z}else if(J===2){var G=b(5)+257,et=b(5)+1,xt=b(4)+4,N=new Uint8Array(320),rt=new Uint8Array(19);for(e=0;e< xt;e++){rt[lt[e]]=b(3)}var ht=S(rt,0,19),I=0;while(I< G+et){var $=P(ht),X=0,at=0;if($<16){N[I++]=$;continue}if($===16){if(!I){throw new Error(\"nx-inflate: bad repeat\")}at=N[I-1];X=3+b(2)}else if($===17){X=3+b(3)}else{X=11+b(7)}while(X--){N[I++]=at}}H=S(N,0,G);F=S(N,G,et)}else{throw new Error(\"nx-inflate: bad block\")}for(;;){var y=P(H);if(y<256){B(1);n[t++]=y;continue}if(y===256){break}y-=257;var it=c[y]+b(d[y]),ot=P(F),ut=m[ot]+b(E[ot]);if(ut>t){throw new Error(\"nx-inflate: bad distance\")}B(it);for(var ft=0;ft< it;ft++){n[t]=n[t-ut];t++}}}return i?n.subarray(0,t):new TextDecoder(\"utf-8\").decode(n.subarray(0,t))}if(typeof window.__nxInflate!==\"function\"){window.__nxInflate=_}function K(r){var i=_(r,true),f=i[0]|i[1]<<8|i[2]<<16|i[3]<<24;var o=i.subarray(4+f);function e(s,a){var u=\"\",n=o.subarray(s,s+a);for(var t=0;a>t;t+=8192){u+=String.fromCharCode.apply(null,n.subarray(t,t+8192))}return btoa(u)}return JSON.parse(new TextDecoder(\"utf-8\").decode(i.subarray(4,4+f)),function(s,a){return a?a.$b?e(a.$b[0],a.$b[1]):a:a})}if(typeof window.__nxUnpack!==\"function\"){window.__nxUnpack=K}if(typeof window.__nxLate!==\"function\"){window.__nxLate=function(r,i){if(document.readyState!==\"loading\"){return null}if(!document.querySelector('template[data-nx-libs-last~=\"'+r+'\"]')){return null}return new Promise(function(f,o){document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){var e=i();if(e){f(e)}else{o(new Error(\"nx-late: \"+r))}},{once:true})})}}if(typeof window.__nxAsset!==\"function\"){var U={};window.__nxAsset=function(r,i){if(U[r]){return U[r]}var f=document.getElementById(\"nxe-boot\"),o=[],e=window.NX_ASSET_BASE,s=f?f.getAttribute(\"data-nx-asset-base\"):\"\";if(e){o.push(String(e))}if(s){o.push(s)}o.push(\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/nexus-assets\/\");function a(t){if(!i){return t}return crypto.subtle.digest(\"SHA-256\",new TextEncoder().encode(t)).then(function(c){if(\"sha256-\"+btoa(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,new Uint8Array(c)))!==i){throw new Error(\"nx-asset: integrity\")}return t})}function u(t){if(t>=o.length){return Promise.reject(new Error(\"nx-asset: \"+r))}var c=o[t].charAt(o[t].length-1)===\"\/\"?o[t]:o[t]+\"\/\";return fetch(c+r,{credentials:\"omit\"}).then(function(d){if(!d.ok){throw new Error(\"nx-asset: \"+d.status)}return d.text()}).then(a).then(null,function(){return u(t+1)})}var n=u(0);U[r]=n;n.then(null,function(){delete U[r]});return n}}if(typeof window.__nxText!==\"function\"){window.__nxText=function(r){if(!r){return Promise.reject(new Error(\"nx-text: none\"))}var i=r.getAttribute(\"data-nx-asset\");if(i?!r.textContent:false){return window.__nxAsset(i,r.getAttribute(\"data-nx-sri\")||\"\")}return Promise.resolve(r.textContent)}}var j=null;function Q(r){var i=window.NX_RUNTIME||{},f=i.base||window.NX_RUNTIME_BASE||\"\";if(!f||!window.fetch){return Promise.resolve(null)}if(!j){j=fetch(f+\"manifest.json\",{credentials:\"same-origin\",cache:\"no-store\"}).then(function(o){return o.ok?o.json():null}).then(null,function(){return null})}return j.then(function(o){var e=o?(o.files||o)[r.replace(\/\\.[0-9a-f]{12}(\\.js)$\/,\"$1\")]:null;return e?e.file?[f+e.file,e.sri||\"\"]:null:null})}function st(r){var i=r.getAttribute(\"data-nx-asset\");if(i?!r.textContent:false){return window.__nxAsset(i,r.getAttribute(\"data-nx-sri\")||\"\").then(function(n){return window.__nxInflate(n)})}var f=r.getAttribute(\"data-nx-src\");if(f?!r.textContent:false){var o=window.NX_RUNTIME||{},e=o.base||window.NX_RUNTIME_BASE||\"\",s=(o.files||{})[f.replace(\/\\.[0-9a-f]{12}(\\.js)$\/,\"$1\")]||null,a=[];if(e){a.push([e+f,r.getAttribute(\"data-nx-sri\")||\"\"])}if(s?!!s.url:false){a.push([s.url,s.sri||\"\"])}var u=function(n){if(n===a.length?!a.live:false){a.live=true;return Q(f).then(function(c){if(!c){throw new Error(\"nx-lazy: \"+f)}a.push(c);return u(n)})}if(n>=a.length){return Promise.reject(new Error(\"nx-lazy: \"+f))}var t={credentials:\"same-origin\"};if(a[n][1]){t.integrity=a[n][1]}return fetch(a[n][0],t).then(function(c){if(!c.ok){throw new Error(\"nx-lazy: \"+c.status)}return c.text()}).then(null,function(){return u(n+1)})};return u(0)}return Promise.resolve(window.__nxInflate(r.textContent))}function ct(r){var i=r[0].getAttribute(\"data-nx-on-sight\")||\"[data-nx-map]\",f=null,o=false;function e(){if(o){return}o=true;if(f){f.disconnect()}var a=document.querySelectorAll(\"script[data-nx-on-sight][data-nx-asset]:not([data-nx-run])\"),u=[];for(var n=0;n!==a.length;n++){(function(t){if(t.textContent){return}u.push(window.__nxAsset(t.getAttribute(\"data-nx-asset\"),t.getAttribute(\"data-nx-sri\")||\"\").then(function(c){t.textContent=c;t.removeAttribute(\"data-nx-asset\")},function(){t.setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"failed\")}))})(a[n])}Promise.all(u.concat(r.map(function(t){return st(t).then(null,function(){return null})}))).then(function(t){var c=t.slice(u.length);for(var d=0;d!==r.length;d++){if(c[d]===null){r[d].setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"failed\");continue}var m=document.createElement(\"script\");m.className=\"_iub_cs_skip\";m.setAttribute(\"data-nx-runtime\",r[d].getAttribute(\"data-nx-run\"));m.textContent=c[d];(document.head||document.documentElement).appendChild(m);r[d].setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"true\")}try{document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(\"nexus:lazy-ready\"))}catch(E){}})}function s(){if(o){return}var a=[document],u=document.querySelectorAll(\".nxe-host\"),n=[],t,c;for(t=0;t!==u.length;t++){if(u[t].shadowRoot){a.push(u[t].shadowRoot)}}for(t=0;t!==a.length;t++){c=a[t].querySelectorAll(i);for(var d=0;d!==c.length;d++){n.push(c[d])}}if(!n.length){return}if(!window.IntersectionObserver){e();return}f=f||new IntersectionObserver(function(m){for(var E=0;E!==m.length;E++){if(m[E].isIntersecting){e();return}}},{rootMargin:\"800px 0px 800px 0px\"});for(t=0;t!==n.length;t++){if(!n[t].__nxLazySeen){n[t].__nxLazySeen=true;f.observe(n[t])}}}document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",s);document.addEventListener(\"nexus:runtime-ready\",s);window.addEventListener(\"load\",s);setTimeout(s,0)}var V=document.querySelectorAll(\"script[data-nx-run]\"),C=[],z=[];for(var D=0;D< V.length;D++){var l=V[D];if(l.hasAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\")){continue}if(l.hasAttribute(\"data-nx-on-sight\")){l.setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"waiting\");z.push(l);continue}if(l.hasAttribute(\"data-nx-src\")?!l.textContent:false){l.setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"loading\");C.push(l);continue}if(l.hasAttribute(\"data-nx-asset\")?!l.textContent:false){l.setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"loading\");C.push(l);continue}l.setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"true\");try{var L=document.createElement(\"script\");L.className=\"_iub_cs_skip\";L.setAttribute(\"data-nx-runtime\",l.getAttribute(\"data-nx-run\"));L.textContent=window.__nxInflate(l.textContent);(document.head||document.documentElement).appendChild(L)}catch(r){l.setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"failed\")}}if(z.length){ct(z)}if(!C.length){return}var W=window.NX_RUNTIME||{},Y=W.base||window.NX_RUNTIME_BASE||\"\",T=window.__nxMount,O=[];if(typeof T===\"function\"){window.__nxMount=function(r){O.push(r)}}function dt(){if(typeof T===\"function\"){window.__nxMount=T;for(var r=0;r< O.length;r++){try{T(O[r])}catch(i){}}}try{document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(\"nexus:runtime-ready\"))}catch(i){}}function M(r){if(r>=C.length){dt();return}var i=C[r],f=i.getAttribute(\"data-nx-src\")||\"\",o=W.files||{},e=[];if(i.hasAttribute(\"data-nx-asset\")){window.__nxAsset(i.getAttribute(\"data-nx-asset\"),i.getAttribute(\"data-nx-sri\")||\"\").then(function(u){var n=document.createElement(\"script\");n.className=\"_iub_cs_skip\";n.setAttribute(\"data-nx-runtime\",i.getAttribute(\"data-nx-run\"));n.textContent=window.__nxInflate(u);(document.head||document.documentElement).appendChild(n);i.setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"true\")}).then(null,function(){i.setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"failed\")}).then(function(){M(r+1)});return}var s=o[f.replace(\/\\.[0-9a-f]{12}(\\.js)$\/,\"$1\")]||null;if(Y){e.push([Y+f,i.getAttribute(\"data-nx-sri\")||\"\"])}if(s?!!s.url:false){e.push([s.url,s.sri||\"\"])}function a(u){if(u===e.length?!e.live:false){e.live=true;Q(f).then(function(t){if(t){e.push(t)}a(u)});return}if(u>=e.length){i.setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"failed\");M(r+1);return}var n=document.createElement(\"script\");n.className=\"_iub_cs_skip\";n.setAttribute(\"data-nx-runtime\",i.getAttribute(\"data-nx-run\"));if(e[u][1]){n.integrity=e[u][1]}n.onload=function(){i.setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"true\");M(r+1)};n.onerror=function(){if(n.parentNode){n.parentNode.removeChild(n)}a(u+1)};n.src=e[u][0];(document.head||document.documentElement).appendChild(n)}a(0)}M(0)})();<\/script><div class=\"nxe-host\" data-nxe-embed=\"nr-gcri-editions-reg-sas-full\"><div class=\"nxe\" id=\"nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-sas-full\" data-inst=\"gcri\" data-host=\"gcri\" data-nr-kit=\"true\" data-nr-pub=\"true\" data-theme=\"light\" data-grammar=\"atlas\" lang=\"en\" data-nx-css=\"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\"><style>#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-sas-full.nxe{display:block;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:1180px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 16px;font-family:ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,\"Segoe UI\",sans-serif;line-height:1.55;overflow-wrap:break-word}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-sas-full.nxe :where(*,*::before,*::after){box-sizing:inherit}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-sas-full.nxe :where(section,header,footer,nav,aside){display:block;margin:0 0 32px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-sas-full.nxe :where(h1,h2,h3,h4){line-height:1.2;margin:24px 0 12px;font-weight:600}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-sas-full.nxe :where(p,ul,ol,dl,table,figure,details){margin:0 0 16px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-sas-full.nxe :where(ul,ol){padding-left:20px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-sas-full.nxe a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-sas-full.nxe table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;display:block;overflow-x:auto}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-sas-full.nxe :where(th,td){padding:6px 8px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:inherit}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-sas-full.nxe svg{display:none}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-sas-full.nxe svg.nx-i{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:-3px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-sas-full.nxe :where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-reg-sas-full.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><div class=\"nrp\"><div class=\"nrp-wrap\"><p class=\"nrj-draft\" data-nrj-shared=\"draft\" role=\"note\"><strong>Draft, not yet released.<\/strong> In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.<\/p><article class=\"nrp-flow\"><header class=\"nrp-hero\"><div class=\"nrp-hero-grid\"><div><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Baseline Edition 2026<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Complete edition<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 class=\"pp-hero-title nrp-hero-title-l\">South Asia Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of South Asia\u2019s Interdependent Systems.<\/h1><p class=\"nrp-lede\"><\/p><div class=\"nrp-actions\"><button class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" type=\"button\" data-nrp-act=\"print\" hidden><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 18H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><path d=\"M6 9V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6\"\/><rect x=\"6\" y=\"14\" width=\"12\" height=\"8\" rx=\"1\"\/><\/svg>Print or save as PDF<\/button><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19 12H5\"\/><path d=\"m12 19-7-7 7-7\"\/><\/svg>Edition home<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nrp-note nrp-noprint\">Choose A4 or Letter in the print dialog; running heads and page numbers are added in print. This is a review copy: the signed PDF with its DOI is issued at release.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nrp-cover\"><div class=\"nrp-cover-top\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">REG-SAS<\/span><\/div><span class=\"nrp-cover-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"nrp-cover-k\">Regional Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-t\">South Asia 2026<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-s\"><\/p><div class=\"nrp-cover-foot\"><span>Baseline Edition 2026<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><span><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> for the Nexus Consortium<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block nrp-imprint\" aria-label=\"Imprint\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Imprint<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor, the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto<\/dd><dt>Report number<\/dt><dd class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026, cut NQ-REG-SAS-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Status<\/dt><dd>Draft under stewardship review; not yet released<\/dd><dt>DOI and UNI<\/dt><dd>Issued at deposit<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>CC BY 4.0 for Nexus-authored text, tables and figures; third-party material keeps its own licence<\/dd><dt>Cite as<\/dt><dd>Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). South Asia Regional <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of South Asia\u2019s Interdependent Systems. (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" aria-label=\"Contents\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Contents<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">\u00b7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-summary\">Executive summary<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-coupled-system\">Chapter 1. South Asia\u2019s risk travels through rivers, monsoons and shared supply<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-findings\">Chapter 2. Key findings<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-systems-and-sectors\">Chapter 3. Systems and sectors at baseline<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-risk-and-capability\">Chapter 4. Risks and capability<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-scenario\">Chapter 5. Second deficient monsoon with unsettled river treaties<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-lenses-and-readings\">Chapter 6. Readings from the other desks<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-agenda\">Chapter 7. The 2027 agenda<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">8<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-systems-in-depth\">Chapter 8. Systems in depth<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-methodology\">Annex A. Methodology<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-data\">Annex B. Data appendix<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-references\">Annex C. References and record<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-summary\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/\">South Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Executive summary<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Executive summary<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The edition on a few pages: the abstract, the key messages, the headline finding and what each steward reads in it.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>13 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.1<\/span><span>Abstract<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>South Asia, as the series reads it, is one member edition in the registry, India, set beside seven neighbouring states that are read as a reference group. The eight states had about 1,991 million people in 2025, of whom 73.5% lived in India<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. Their greenhouse gas emissions excluding land use were about 5,234 Mt CO\u2082e in 2024, of which India emitted 83.5%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>. Pakistan withdrew 326% of its internal renewable freshwater in 2022, and the Indus Waters Treaty is in dispute: a Court of Arbitration held on 31 August 2026 that it remains in force, and India rejects the award<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup>. Floods in 2025 affected at least 5.8 million people in Pakistan, and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Cyclone<\/a> Ditwah damaged paddy in Sri Lanka in November 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup>. Bangladesh drew 97.7% of its electricity from fossil fuels in 2024, while Nepal and Bhutan drew almost all of theirs from hydropower<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>. An estimated 18.1 million people in Bangladesh and 13.8 million in Afghanistan face crisis levels of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 food-insecurity\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A situation in which people lack reliable access to enough safe and nutritious food for active and healthy lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">food insecurity<\/a> or worse in 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>. This Baseline Edition fixes the 2026 reference state from sources that could be read at evidence close. Where a regional dataset could not be read, it shows as a designed empty state that names the source and the blocker. The edition decides nothing and compares no state against another.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.2<\/span><span>Key messages<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Six readings that frame the South Asia baseline, and the eight questions this edition answers, each with its status and source.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-km\"><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">The eight states emitted about 5,234 Mt CO\u2082e in 2024 excluding land use, 83.5% of it in India. Totals are Nexus sums on one common basis.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Where do emissions stand?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Bangladesh drew 97.7% from fossil fuels in 2024 and India 75.8%; Nepal and Bhutan drew almost all from hydropower.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How is electricity supplied?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Renewable internal water was 226 m\u00b3 per person in Pakistan in 2022 and 1,014 m\u00b3 in India.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How scarce is water?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">A court held it remains in force on 31 August 2026; India rejects the award and keeps it in abeyance.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What is the state of the Indus treaty?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Floods in 2025 affected at least 5.8 million people in Pakistan. Final tolls by province are not bound.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How severe were recent floods?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">About 18.1 million people in Bangladesh and 13.8 million in Afghanistan are projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse in 2026.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How exposed is food supply?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Insured and uninsured loss series by state are not bound in this edition.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Who carries disaster losses?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">A second deficient monsoon with <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.hydrological-drought\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"Streamflow, lake and reservoir levels falling below normal, restricting supply, hydropower and river navigation.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">low river flow<\/a>, heat and weak food supply while two river treaties are unsettled. SCN-SAS-DRY-01<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What will Q1 2027 test first?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.3<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-WAT-005<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">A Court of Arbitration held on 31 August 2026 that the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960 remains in force and limited construction at the Ratle plant until a Neutral Expert rules; India rejects the award and keeps the treaty in abeyance.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure S.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-fig1-t\">Withdrawals as a share of internal renewable freshwater, 2022 (%)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Pakistan<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">326<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">India<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"13.7\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">44.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Afghanistan<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"13.2\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">43.0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: World Bank freshwater series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. A value above 100% means withdrawals exceed internal resources. Pakistan and Afghanistan are reference-group states; India is the member.<\/p><\/figure><p class=\"nrp-p\">A river treaty is a regional instrument. The Indus is shared by India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, and a dispute over its status bears on water, farming and power in all three. The court\u2019s next step is the Neutral Expert decision on the Ratle plant, expected in July 2027<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.4<\/span><span>At a glance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,991<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>people in eight states, 2025 (ESTIMATED)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">73.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of them in India, 2025 (ESTIMATED)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4,985<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">US$ billion<\/span><p>output of seven states, 2025, excluding Afghanistan (ESTIMATED)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">5,234<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>emissions excluding land use, 2024 (ESTIMATED)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">536<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt<\/span><p>cereal production of eight states, 2024 (ESTIMATED)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">member<\/span><p>India; seven reference-group states<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.5<\/span><span>What each steward reads in it<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of South Asian risk: monsoon, river, power and food act on one another.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as a flood, a hot day, smoky air or a price rise.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Insured and uninsured loss series by state are not bound.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>South Asia publishes strong series on population, emissions and electricity, and the river treaties are in motion.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.6<\/span><span>What this edition is, and is not<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What this edition is<\/h3><p>A baseline: the state of South Asia\u2019s water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in 2026 read across India. It reads the shared basins and grids that no single member controls, and sets out the questions the operational series will answer.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What it is not<\/h3><p>Not a regional <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/glossary\/risk-assessment\/\" data-tgl=\"Nexus Standards glossary\">risk assessment<\/a>, an official warning or a rating. It decides nothing about any institution or asset. Competent authorities keep every mandate they hold, and India\u2019s ownership of its own edition is unaffected. It does not stand for any regional association or treaty body, and the seven states read as a reference group are not members in the series registry.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What comes next<\/h3><p>Q1 2027 opens the operational series with a sealed Foundry evidence cut. Each later edition reports what changed against this baseline: new observations, source revisions, method changes, scenario updates and corrections.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SP.POP.TOTL population total, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (data service, source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5 total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF and EN.GHG.CO2.MT.CE.AR5, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, ER.H2O.INTR.PC renewable internal freshwater resources per person and ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS annual freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>T. Gamble-Eddington, Court of Arbitration Finds that the Indus Water Treaty Remains in Force (International Law in Brief, 21 September 2026; award and order of 31 August 2026, PCA Case No. 2023-01). American Society of International Law, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Pakistan (reference date 6 February 2026; cereal output about 53 Mt in 2025; floods affected at least 5.8 million people; about 10 million at IPC Phase 3 or worse April to July 2025). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Sri Lanka (reference date 31 August 2026; cereals 5.5 Mt in 2025; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Cyclone<\/a> Ditwah damage to paddy, November 2025). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS, EG.ELC.HYRO.ZS, EG.ELC.COAL.ZS, EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS and EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, electricity and energy shares, eight states (latest value by state: 2021 to 2024). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Bangladesh (reference date 4 September 2026; 2026 paddy forecast 61.9 Mt; 18.1 million projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse September to December 2026). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Afghanistan (reference date 15 September 2026; 13.8 million projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse; about 2.65 million returns by late July 2026). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Permanent Court of Arbitration (ed.), Indus Waters Western Rivers Arbitration (Pakistan v. India), PCA Case No. 2023-01, award and order of 31 August 2026 (dates and holdings taken from the ASIL account [22] and search summaries). PCA, The Hague. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: National Disaster Management Authority, Pakistan (ed.), 2025 monsoon season reports (death tolls from about 280 in July to about 1,000 at season end seen in news results; the figures conflicted and are not used). NDMA, Islamabad. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD GDP in current US dollars, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, eight states (latest value 2025; Afghanistan 2024). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, AG.PRD.CREL.MT cereal production, AG.LND.IRIG.AG.ZS irrigated agricultural land, NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS and SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS agriculture value added and employment, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cs-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-coupled-system\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/\">South Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 1<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">South Asia\u2019s risk travels through rivers, monsoons and shared supply<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Part I describes systems and their couplings. It assesses no authority and ranks no member country.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>8 min read<\/span><span>2 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>16 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.1<\/span><span>The questions this part answers<\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Key questions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Where is South Asia\u2019s risk concentrated, and in which <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>?<\/li><li>Which couplings carry shocks across member borders?<\/li><li>Which capabilities hold under compound stress, and which are only documented?<\/li><li>What must the 2027 programme measure first?<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">In this part<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Narrative<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Headline finding<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Lead figure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Member system cards<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Shared basins and grids<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hub list<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Regional pathway<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Twelve-domain reading<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Sector screens<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Dependency matrix<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Risk objects<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Capability ladder<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Scenario<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Three lenses<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Portfolio<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.2<\/span><span>The argument<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>The eight states commonly grouped as South Asia had about 1,991 million people in 2025, of whom 1,464 million lived in India, 255 million in Pakistan and 176 million in Bangladesh<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. This baseline reads South Asia through its one registry member, India, and treats the seven neighbouring states as a reference group, because the registry names no other edition in the region.<\/p><p>Water is the clearest shared system. Renewable internal freshwater was 226 m\u00b3 per person in Pakistan, 620 in Bangladesh and 1,014 in India in 2022, against 6,670 in Nepal<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. The Indus Waters Treaty of 1960 is now contested: a Court of Arbitration held on 31 August 2026 that it remains in force, and India rejects the award<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup>. The Ganges Water Treaty is reported to expire in December 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The forcing layer is monsoon and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">cyclone<\/a> rainfall. The WMO reports that exceptional rainfall caused severe flooding in Pakistan and Sri Lanka in 2025 and that High Mountain Asian glaciers continue to retreat<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup>. Floods affected at least 5.8 million people in Pakistan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>. In India the 2026 monsoon delivered 87% of the long period average<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The energy layer differs by state. Oil, gas and coal supplied 97.7% of electricity in Bangladesh and 75.8% in India in 2024, while hydropower supplied 98.7% in Nepal<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>. India emitted 83.5% of the eight-state total of about 5,234 Mt CO\u2082e excluding land use<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>Health and food carry the human cost. Mean PM2.5 exposure reached 69.3 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 in Bangladesh in 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>. About 18.1 million people in Bangladesh and 13.8 million in Afghanistan are projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse in 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>This edition therefore reads South Asia\u2019s risk as a property of couplings: a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h7\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.climate-mode.monsoon-failure\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Large-scale circulation anomalies\" data-td=\"A late, weak or broken seasonal rain system that leaves a rain-fed region short of water in its main growing season.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H7\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">weak monsoon<\/a>, a shared river and a thin power system act together. The matrix, risk objects, capability ladder and scenario that follow ask where a shock travels next across a border, and who holds the capability to stop it.<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-fig1-t\">How different are the electricity mixes? Share of generation from oil, gas and coal, 2024 (%)<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Oil, gas and coal supplied 97.7% of electricity in Bangladesh, 75.8% in India, 55.7% in Pakistan and 46.6% in Sri Lanka in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>. Hydropower supplied 98.7% in Nepal and 41.0% in Sri Lanka<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>. The Ember pages give 98% fossil for Bangladesh and 45% for Pakistan in 2025, on their own basis<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Bangladesh<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">97.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">India<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"77.6\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">75.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Pakistan<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"57.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">55.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Sri Lanka<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"47.7\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">46.6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: as cited in the note to this figure. Year 2024.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Figure ID FIG-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-01-003<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">97.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Bangladesh fossil share of electricity, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">75.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>India fossil share of electricity, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">72.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>India coal share of electricity, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">98.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Nepal hydro share of electricity, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.3<\/span><span>Twenty couplings between five systems<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The South Asia matrix types the twenty couplings between the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events; they set the starting graph that the Q1 2027 Foundry cut will test.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-fig2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-fig2-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-fig2-t\">Couplings between the five systems<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Each line is one coupling from one system to another, drawn by the strength the edition assigns. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events.<\/p><\/figcaption><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-ring\" viewBox=\"0 0 340 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Coupling ring: 20 typed couplings between water, energy, food, health and biodiversity. The matrix in the next table carries every value.\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><ul class=\"nrp-legend\"><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"STRONG\"><\/span>Strong<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"MODERATE\"><\/span>Moderate<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"WEAK\"><\/span>Weak<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: this edition&#8217;s coupling matrix (Table 1.1); status Estimated.<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling matrix: from the row system to the column system<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">From, to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">WAT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">ENE<\/th><th scope=\"col\">FOO<\/th><th scope=\"col\">HLT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">BIO<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><b>WAT<\/b> Water<\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">hydro \u00b7 thermal cooling<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">irrigation \u00b7 rain-fed yield<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">safe water \u00b7 sanitation<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>ENE<\/b> Energy<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pumping \u00b7 desalination<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fuel \u00b7 fertiliser \u00b7 cold chain<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">air pollution \u00b7 cooling<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">land use \u00b7 mining<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>FOO<\/b> Food<\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">\u224870% of withdrawals<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">bioenergy feedstock<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">nutrition \u00b7 food safety<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">land conversion<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>HLT<\/b> Health<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">labour \u00b7 disease<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">residues<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>BIO<\/b> Biodiversity<\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">biomass \u00b7 hydrology<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pollination \u00b7 soils<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">zoonoses \u00b7 medicines<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"6\">Strength: strong, moderate or weak; a Nexus estimate (status Estimated) from cited evidence and analogue events. The scale is defined in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Transmission paths<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 ENE<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">A <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h7\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.climate-mode.monsoon-failure\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Large-scale circulation anomalies\" data-td=\"A late, weak or broken seasonal rain system that leaves a rain-fed region short of water in its main growing season.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H7\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">weak monsoon<\/a> cuts river flow and reservoir storage and tightens hydropower and cooling water.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> monsoon 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup>; no event bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Rain deficits lower paddy output.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> Nepal paddy down 4.2% in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">WAT \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Dry-season river flow shapes irrigated output.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> irrigation shares<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>; no event bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Heat and polluted air raise deaths and load health services.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> air pollution mortality 2019<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 INF \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Floods damage lifelines and the loss falls on households and budgets.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> floods 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>; loss series not bound<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.4<\/span><span>Reinforcing loops<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A shock entering either system of a loop can return amplified through the other.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Pairs of systems where both directions are rated strong<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Loop<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First direction<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Second direction<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT and FOO<\/span><\/td><td>Water to food: irrigation \u00b7 rain-fed yield<\/td><td>Food to water: \u224870% of withdrawals<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Water to biodiversity: flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/td><td>Biodiversity to water: regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Food to biodiversity: land conversion<\/td><td>Biodiversity to food: pollination \u00b7 soils<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"3\">A causal-loop reading of the matrix (Sterman, Business Dynamics, 2000): structural, from estimated strengths, not a measured feedback.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SP.POP.TOTL population total, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (data service, source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, ER.H2O.INTR.PC renewable internal freshwater resources per person and ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS annual freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>T. Gamble-Eddington, Court of Arbitration Finds that the Indus Water Treaty Remains in Force (International Law in Brief, 21 September 2026; award and order of 31 August 2026, PCA Case No. 2023-01). American Society of International Law, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: India and Bangladesh (parties), Treaty between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the People\u2019s Republic of Bangladesh on sharing of the Ganga\/Ganges waters at Farakka, signed 12 December 1996 (expiry in December 2026 and the absence of a signed renewal taken from search summaries of news reports and an analytic brief). Joint Rivers Commission, Dhaka and New Delhi. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2025 (series page opened, published 17 June 2026; the page states no South Asia figures). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Pakistan (reference date 6 February 2026; cereal output about 53 Mt in 2025; floods affected at least 5.8 million people; about 10 million at IPC Phase 3 or worse April to July 2025). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), India Baseline Edition 2026 (draft pack read for findings CLI-002 and CLI-003: 2026 monsoon at 87% of the long period average; the weather-service statements it cites were read by that edition, not by this one). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS, EG.ELC.HYRO.ZS, EG.ELC.COAL.ZS, EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS and EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, electricity and energy shares, eight states (latest value by state: 2021 to 2024). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5 total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF and EN.GHG.CO2.MT.CE.AR5, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 mean annual PM2.5 exposure (2023) and SH.STA.AIRP.P5 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 mortality-rate\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The number of deaths in a population over a period relative to its size.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">mortality rate<\/a> attributed to household and ambient air pollution (2019), eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Bangladesh (reference date 4 September 2026; 2026 paddy forecast 61.9 Mt; 18.1 million projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse September to December 2026). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Afghanistan (reference date 15 September 2026; 13.8 million projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse; about 2.65 million returns by late July 2026). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Pakistan electricity country page (updated 21 April 2026; fossil 45%, solar and wind 22%, low-carbon 55% in 2025; read through a page summary). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Bangladesh electricity country page (fossil 98%, solar and wind 1.5% in 2025; the year was stated in the headline only; read through a page summary). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Nepal (reference date 18 August 2026; cereals 11.1 Mt and paddy 5.7 Mt in 2025, paddy down 4.2%). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, AG.PRD.CREL.MT cereal production, AG.LND.IRIG.AG.ZS irrigated agricultural land, NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS and SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS agriculture value added and employment, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c1-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-findings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/\">South Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 2<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Key findings<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Twelve findings carry the baseline. They are grouped by system, never ranked. Each resolves to its source or, where Nexus analysis is involved, to its stated method.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>17 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.1<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-WAT-005\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-WAT-005<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">A Court of Arbitration held on 31 August 2026 that the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960 remains in force and limited construction at the Ratle plant until a Neutral Expert rules; India rejects the award and keeps the treaty in abeyance.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 2.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-fig1-t\">Withdrawals as a share of internal renewable freshwater, 2022 (%)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Pakistan<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">326<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">India<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"13.7\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">44.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Afghanistan<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"13.2\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">43.0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: World Bank freshwater series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. A value above 100% means withdrawals exceed internal resources. Pakistan and Afghanistan are reference-group states; India is the member.<\/p><\/figure><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Implication<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">A river treaty is a regional instrument. The Indus is shared by India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, and a dispute over its status bears on water, farming and power in all three. The court\u2019s next step is the Neutral Expert decision on the Ratle plant, expected in July 2027<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What would move it<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">The Neutral Expert decision, the monsoon flow record, reservoir storage and any change in India\u2019s position would each move this finding. Reservoir and flow series are not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.2<\/span><span>Climate forcing<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The WMO reports that exceptional monsoon and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">tropical cyclone<\/a> rainfall caused severe flooding in Pakistan and Sri Lanka in 2025, and that High Mountain Asian glaciers continue to retreat.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The 2026 southwest monsoon delivered 87% of the long period average in India, as recorded by the India Meteorological Department and reported in the India edition.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Floods in 2025 affected at least 5.8 million people in Pakistan, and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Cyclone<\/a> Ditwah in November 2025 damaged recently planted paddy in six districts of Sri Lanka.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-007\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-007\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-007<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Emissions excluding land use of the eight states summed to about 5,234 Mt CO\u2082e in 2024, of which India emitted 4,371 Mt (83.5%) and Pakistan 526 Mt (10.0%).<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.3<\/span><span>Water<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-WAT-004\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-WAT-004\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-WAT-004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Renewable internal freshwater was 226 m\u00b3 per person in Pakistan and 1,014 m\u00b3 in India in 2022, and Pakistan\u2019s withdrawals equalled 326% of its internal renewable resources.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-WAT-005\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-WAT-005\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-WAT-005<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">A Court of Arbitration held on 31 August 2026 that the Indus Waters Treaty remains in force and limited construction at the Ratle plant until a Neutral Expert rules; India rejects the award and keeps the treaty in abeyance.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.4<\/span><span>Energy<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-ENE-006\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-ENE-006\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-ENE-006<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Oil, gas and coal supplied 97.7% of electricity in Bangladesh, 75.8% in India and 55.7% in Pakistan in 2024, while hydropower supplied 98.7% in Nepal in 2024.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.5<\/span><span>Health<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-HLT-008\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-HLT-008\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-HLT-008<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Mean annual PM2.5 exposure was 69.3 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 in Bangladesh, 58.4 in Pakistan and 54.1 in India in 2023, and air pollution mortality in 2019 was highest in Afghanistan at 265.7 per 100,000.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.6<\/span><span>Food<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-FOO-009\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-FOO-009\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-FOO-009<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">About 18.1 million people in Bangladesh and 13.8 million in Afghanistan are projected in IPC Phase 3 or worse in 2026, and undernourishment reached 27.8% in Afghanistan and 16.1% in Pakistan in 2024.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.7<\/span><span>Systemic<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-SYS-010\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-SYS-010\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-SYS-010<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">About 2.65 million Afghan nationals had returned by late July 2026, and a magnitude 6.0 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> on 31 August 2025 affected four eastern provinces of Afghanistan.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The leading compound pathway for 2027 testing is a second deficient monsoon in which <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.hydrological-drought\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"Streamflow, lake and reservoir levels falling below normal, restricting supply, hydropower and river navigation.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">low river flow<\/a>, heat and weak food supply coincide while two river treaties are unsettled. \u00a79.3<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.8<\/span><span>Biodiversity<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-BIO-011\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-BIO-011\">NRF-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-BIO-011<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Forest covered 70.4% of land in Bhutan and 24.4% in India in 2024, and terrestrial protected areas covered 51.6% of Bhutan and 7.7% of India in 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, ER.H2O.INTR.PC renewable internal freshwater resources per person and ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS annual freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>T. Gamble-Eddington, Court of Arbitration Finds that the Indus Water Treaty Remains in Force (International Law in Brief, 21 September 2026; award and order of 31 August 2026, PCA Case No. 2023-01). American Society of International Law, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2025 (series page opened, published 17 June 2026; the page states no South Asia figures). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), India Baseline Edition 2026 (draft pack read for findings CLI-002 and CLI-003: 2026 monsoon at 87% of the long period average; the weather-service statements it cites were read by that edition, not by this one). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Pakistan (reference date 6 February 2026; cereal output about 53 Mt in 2025; floods affected at least 5.8 million people; about 10 million at IPC Phase 3 or worse April to July 2025). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Sri Lanka (reference date 31 August 2026; cereals 5.5 Mt in 2025; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Cyclone<\/a> Ditwah damage to paddy, November 2025). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5 total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF and EN.GHG.CO2.MT.CE.AR5, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Permanent Court of Arbitration (ed.), Indus Waters Western Rivers Arbitration (Pakistan v. India), PCA Case No. 2023-01, award and order of 31 August 2026 (dates and holdings taken from the ASIL account [22] and search summaries). PCA, The Hague. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS, EG.ELC.HYRO.ZS, EG.ELC.COAL.ZS, EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS and EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, electricity and energy shares, eight states (latest value by state: 2021 to 2024). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Pakistan electricity country page (updated 21 April 2026; fossil 45%, solar and wind 22%, low-carbon 55% in 2025; read through a page summary). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Bangladesh electricity country page (fossil 98%, solar and wind 1.5% in 2025; the year was stated in the headline only; read through a page summary). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 mean annual PM2.5 exposure (2023) and SH.STA.AIRP.P5 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 mortality-rate\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The number of deaths in a population over a period relative to its size.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">mortality rate<\/a> attributed to household and ambient air pollution (2019), eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS prevalence of undernourishment and SI.POV.DDAY poverty headcount at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP), eight states (no value for Bhutan and Maldives undernourishment; poverty years 2019 to 2024). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Bangladesh (reference date 4 September 2026; 2026 paddy forecast 61.9 Mt; 18.1 million projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse September to December 2026). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Afghanistan (reference date 15 September 2026; 13.8 million projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse; about 2.65 million returns by late July 2026). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>WHO Health Cluster (ed.), Afghanistan <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> (page dated 2 September 2025; magnitude 6.0 on 31 August 2025; Kunar, Laghman, Nangarhar and Nuristan; no casualty figures stated). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, AG.LND.FRST.ZS forest area, ER.LND.PTLD.ZS terrestrial protected areas and AG.LND.AGRI.ZS agricultural land, eight states (forest and agricultural land 2024; protected areas 2025). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-systems-and-sectors\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/\">South Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 3<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems and sectors at baseline<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>20 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.1<\/span><span>Where each system stood at evidence close<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WAT \u00b7 Water<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Pakistan freshwater withdrawals against internal renewable resources<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">326<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>A value above 100% means withdrawals exceed internal resources. India withdrew 44.8%.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2022<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">ENE \u00b7 Energy<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Bangladesh electricity from oil, gas and coal<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">97.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>India 75.8%, Pakistan 55.7%, Sri Lanka 46.6% in the same series.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FOO \u00b7 Food<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">People in Bangladesh projected in IPC Phase 3 or worse, September to December 2026<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">18.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Up from 15.3 million in May to August 2026. Afghanistan: 13.8 million.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2026<\/span><span>FAO<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HLT \u00b7 Health<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Mean annual PM2.5 exposure, Bangladesh<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">69.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">\u00b5g\/m\u00b3<\/span><p>Pakistan 58.4, India 54.1, Nepal 53.2 in the same series.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2023<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">BIO \u00b7 Biodiversity<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Land under terrestrial protection, India<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">7.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Bhutan 51.6%, Sri Lanka 30.8%, Pakistan 19.1%, Bangladesh 4.2%.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SYS \u00b7 Cross-system<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">People affected by floods in Pakistan in 2025, at least<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">5.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Crop losses were concentrated in Punjab. Final provincial tolls are not bound.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>FAO<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.2<\/span><span>Domain posture<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each of the twelve coupled domains is read in words, not scored. The reading states where the regional evidence points; the coupling column names the dependency that carries risk across <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and borders.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Each domain read in words, not scored<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Domain<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Posture at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT<\/span><\/td><td>Shared Indus and Ganges systems; Pakistan withdrew 326% of internal resources in 2022; the Indus treaty is in dispute<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT \u2192 ENE \u00b7 WAT \u2192 FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE<\/span><\/td><td>Fossil share of electricity 97.7% in Bangladesh and 75.8% in India in 2024; hydropower dominates in Nepal and Bhutan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO<\/span><\/td><td>Cereal output of 536 Mt across eight states in 2024; 18.1 million in Bangladesh and 13.8 million in Afghanistan projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO \u2190 WAT, CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT<\/span><\/td><td>PM2.5 exposure of 69.3 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 in Bangladesh in 2023; under-five mortality 56 per 1,000 in Pakistan in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT \u2190 CLI, ENE<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Protected land from 3.0% in the Maldives to 51.6% in Bhutan in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>. Condition not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO \u2194 WAT, FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CLI<\/span><\/td><td>Severe floods in Pakistan and Sri Lanka in 2025; High Mountain Asian glaciers retreating<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">forcing on all systems<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF<\/span><\/td><td>Electricity access ranges from 87.8% in Afghanistan to 100% in three states in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. Cross-border links not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN<\/span><\/td><td>Growth projections for 2026 range from 1.0% in the Maldives to 7.0% in India and Bhutan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>. Loss series not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN \u2190 CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT<\/span><\/td><td>Digital dependencies of lifelines not mapped at public-safe resolution.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT \u2192 ENE, FIN<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC<\/span><\/td><td>Data-centre and compute demand on grids and water not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC \u2192 ENE, WAT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN<\/span><\/td><td>Mineral and fuel trade not bound at baseline.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN \u2190 TRD<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD<\/span><\/td><td>Fuel import dependence is implied by fossil-heavy power in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>; trade series not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.3<\/span><span>Sector screens<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">All sixteen global sectors are screened on the same grammar as every national edition, so later editions can say what changed. The evidence column describes coverage of the baseline evidence, not the performance of the sector.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Sectors: baseline evidence and the exposure to watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Code<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Sector<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Exposure to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-00<\/span><\/td><td>Cross-system<\/td><td>compound drought, heat and food stress<\/td><td>a second deficient monsoon<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-01<\/span><\/td><td>Water<\/td><td>Pakistan withdrawals at 326% of internal resources<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>dry-season flow on shared rivers<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-02<\/span><\/td><td>Energy<\/td><td>fossil share 97.7% in Bangladesh<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>fuel supply; hydropower in dry years<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-03<\/span><\/td><td>Food<\/td><td>IPC Phase 3 or worse for 18.1 million in Bangladesh<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>drought, floods and price shocks<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-04<\/span><\/td><td>Health<\/td><td>PM2.5 at 69.3 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 in Bangladesh<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat and air pollution load<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-05<\/span><\/td><td>Finance<\/td><td>loss series not bound<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-06<\/span><\/td><td>Development<\/td><td>poverty at $3.00 a day: 23.0% in Pakistan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>income shocks after disasters<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-07<\/span><\/td><td>Climate<\/td><td>severe floods in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>monsoon variability; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h15\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.glacier.glacier-mass-loss\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Glacier, ice-sheet and permafrost change\" data-td=\"Sustained shrinking of mountain glaciers that first raises and later cuts dry-season river flow and destabilises slopes.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H15\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">glacier retreat<\/a><\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-08<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster<\/td><td>at least 5.8 million affected in Pakistan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>sequential and compound events<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-09<\/span><\/td><td>Infrastructure<\/td><td>electricity access 87.8% in Afghanistan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>grid links; border crossings<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-10<\/span><\/td><td>Cities<\/td><td>urban share 20.5% to 67.0% across states<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>urban heat and flooding<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-11<\/span><\/td><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>protected land 7.7% in India<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>condition not bound<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-12<\/span><\/td><td>Earth observation<\/td><td>WMO regional assessment published<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>continuity of records<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-13<\/span><\/td><td>Cyber and digital<\/td><td>dependencies not mapped<\/td><td>systemic outages<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-14<\/span><\/td><td>Policy<\/td><td>two river treaties in play<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>coordination across borders<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-15<\/span><\/td><td>Science<\/td><td>peer-reviewed groundwater, heat and monsoon record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>translation to states<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, ER.H2O.INTR.PC renewable internal freshwater resources per person and ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS annual freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS, EG.ELC.HYRO.ZS, EG.ELC.COAL.ZS, EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS and EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, electricity and energy shares, eight states (latest value by state: 2021 to 2024). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Bangladesh (reference date 4 September 2026; 2026 paddy forecast 61.9 Mt; 18.1 million projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse September to December 2026). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Afghanistan (reference date 15 September 2026; 13.8 million projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse; about 2.65 million returns by late July 2026). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 mean annual PM2.5 exposure (2023) and SH.STA.AIRP.P5 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 mortality-rate\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The number of deaths in a population over a period relative to its size.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">mortality rate<\/a> attributed to household and ambient air pollution (2019), eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, AG.LND.FRST.ZS forest area, ER.LND.PTLD.ZS terrestrial protected areas and AG.LND.AGRI.ZS agricultural land, eight states (forest and agricultural land 2024; protected areas 2025). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Pakistan (reference date 6 February 2026; cereal output about 53 Mt in 2025; floods affected at least 5.8 million people; about 10 million at IPC Phase 3 or worse April to July 2025). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>T. Gamble-Eddington, Court of Arbitration Finds that the Indus Water Treaty Remains in Force (International Law in Brief, 21 September 2026; award and order of 31 August 2026, PCA Case No. 2023-01). American Society of International Law, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, AG.PRD.CREL.MT cereal production, AG.LND.IRIG.AG.ZS irrigated agricultural land, NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS and SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS agriculture value added and employment, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SP.DYN.LE00.IN life expectancy at birth and SH.DYN.MORT under-five mortality rate, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2025 (series page opened, published 17 June 2026; the page states no South Asia figures). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS access to electricity, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>International Monetary Fund (ed.), DataMapper, World Economic Outlook series NGDP_RPCH real GDP growth and PCPIPCH inflation, projections for 2025 and 2026 (database vintage as served on the access date; the country filter was ignored and the full table was read). IMF, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS prevalence of undernourishment and SI.POV.DDAY poverty headcount at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP), eight states (no value for Bhutan and Maldives undernourishment; poverty years 2019 to 2024). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS urban population share, SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS population aged 65 or over and SP.POP.GROW population growth, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: India and Bangladesh (parties), Treaty between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the People\u2019s Republic of Bangladesh on sharing of the Ganga\/Ganges waters at Farakka, signed 12 December 1996 (expiry in December 2026 and the absence of a signed renewal taken from search summaries of news reports and an analytic brief). Joint Rivers Commission, Dhaka and New Delhi. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>M. Rodell, I. Velicogna and J. S. Famiglietti, \u201cSatellite-based estimates of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.groundwater-depletion\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"Aquifers drawn down faster than they refill, lowering wells and driving land subsidence and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">groundwater depletion<\/a> in India,\u201d Nature, vol. 460, pp. 999\u20131002, 2009 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2009. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>A. Asoka, T. Gleeson, Y. Wada and V. Mishra, \u201cRelative contribution of monsoon precipitation and pumping to changes in groundwater storage in India,\u201d Nature Geoscience, vol. 10, pp. 109\u2013117, 2017 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>M. K. Roxy, S. Ghosh, A. Pathak et al., \u201cA threefold rise in widespread <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h4\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.precipitation.heavy-rain\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Precipitation extremes\" data-td=\"Rain falling fast or long enough to overwhelm drainage, soils and streams and to trigger floods and slope failures.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H4\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">extreme rain<\/a> events over central India,\u201d Nature Communications, vol. 8, 2017 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>E.-S. Im, J. S. Pal and E. A. B. Eltahir, \u201cDeadly heat waves projected in the densely populated agricultural regions of South Asia,\u201d Science Advances, vol. 3, no. 8, 2017 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c3-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-risk-and-capability\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/\">South Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 4<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Risks and capability<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Four regional risk objects open the portfolio. Order carries no rank. Each is read across driver, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, cascade and consequence; loss metrics are added only where they can be modelled.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>16 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.1<\/span><span>Risk objects<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each risk is read across the chain from hazard to consequence, with its status and evidence-quality level.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-SAS-CLI-001<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Monsoon flood and cyclone season across borders<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>exceptional monsoon and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">cyclone<\/a> rainfall<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>river plains, coasts and hill slopes<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>low-lying coasts: 49% of the Maldives population lives below 5 m<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a> and relief; not bound<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 INF, FOO, FIN, HLT<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>annual<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-SAS-WAT-002<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Low flow on shared rivers in a dry year<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>deficient monsoon and high dry-season demand<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>irrigation, hydropower, cities<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>Pakistan withdrawals at 326% of internal resources<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>treaties exist and are contested<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup>; performance not bound<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>WAT \u2192 ENE, FOO<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1\u20135 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-SAS-HLT-003<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Heat and polluted air overload health services<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>heat waves and seasonal smoke<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>older adults, outdoor workers, children<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>PM2.5 above 50 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 in four states<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>health system capacity not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 HLT \u2192 ENE peak<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>seasonal<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-SAS-ENE-004<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Single-fuel or single-river power systems under stress<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>fuel supply change or a dry year<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>households, industry and pumping<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>fossil share 97.7% in Bangladesh; hydro 98.7% in Nepal<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>cross-border links not bound<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>TRD \u2192 ENE \u2192 FOO, FIN<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1\u20135 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.2<\/span><span>Capability ladder<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Existence is not readiness. Each of the fifteen capability functions is placed on the ladder by the strongest public evidence at the regional level, from a policy listing to performance in real events.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 4.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Capabilities on the ladder of evidence: listed, exists, demonstrated, tested<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Function<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rung<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Level<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Strongest public evidence at baseline<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Prevention and mitigation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>climate commitments exist in each state; none read in this edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoring and observation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>World Bank, WMO and FAO series are published<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: weather and flood-warning services \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preparedness and planning<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> 2015\u20132030 adopted by member states of the United Nations<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup>; delivery not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Redundancy and reserves<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: reservoir and fuel stock records \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Response<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: after-action records for flood and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">cyclone<\/a> events \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Continuity of critical services<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: utility and ministry records \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recovery<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: recovery agency and insurer records \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adaptation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: national adaptation plans \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Social protection<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: income-support and disaster-payment records \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance and insurance<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: insurer and reinsurer loss data \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Institutional coordination<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>a regional association charter exists<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n46\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r46\" aria-label=\"Note 46\">46<\/a><\/sup> and two river treaties are in play<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup>; performance not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Technical infrastructure<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: asset-condition registers \u00b7 blocker: not published<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Workforce<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: health and emergency workforce registers \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Research capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>peer-reviewed groundwater, heat and glacier research is published<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"4\">A capability listed in policy is not a tested one; each rung is the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, VC.IDP.NWDS new internal displacement associated with disasters (2023) and EN.POP.EL5M.ZS population in low elevation coastal zones below 5 m (2015), eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, ER.H2O.INTR.PC renewable internal freshwater resources per person and ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS annual freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>T. Gamble-Eddington, Court of Arbitration Finds that the Indus Water Treaty Remains in Force (International Law in Brief, 21 September 2026; award and order of 31 August 2026, PCA Case No. 2023-01). American Society of International Law, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: India and Bangladesh (parties), Treaty between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the People\u2019s Republic of Bangladesh on sharing of the Ganga\/Ganges waters at Farakka, signed 12 December 1996 (expiry in December 2026 and the absence of a signed renewal taken from search summaries of news reports and an analytic brief). Joint Rivers Commission, Dhaka and New Delhi. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 mean annual PM2.5 exposure (2023) and SH.STA.AIRP.P5 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 mortality-rate\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The number of deaths in a population over a period relative to its size.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">mortality rate<\/a> attributed to household and ambient air pollution (2019), eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SP.DYN.LE00.IN life expectancy at birth and SH.DYN.MORT under-five mortality rate, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS, EG.ELC.HYRO.ZS, EG.ELC.COAL.ZS, EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS and EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, electricity and energy shares, eight states (latest value by state: 2021 to 2024). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5 total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF and EN.GHG.CO2.MT.CE.AR5, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2025 (series page opened, published 17 June 2026; the page states no South Asia figures). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Pakistan (reference date 6 February 2026; cereal output about 53 Mt in 2025; floods affected at least 5.8 million people; about 10 million at IPC Phase 3 or worse April to July 2025). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Charter of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, Dhaka, 1985. SAARC Secretariat, Kathmandu. Observation year 1985. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r46\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 46\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>W. W. Immerzeel, A. F. Lutz, M. Andrade et al., \u201cImportance and vulnerability of the world\u2019s water towers,\u201d Nature, vol. 577, pp. 364\u2013369, 2020 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>M. Rodell, I. Velicogna and J. S. Famiglietti, \u201cSatellite-based estimates of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.groundwater-depletion\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"Aquifers drawn down faster than they refill, lowering wells and driving land subsidence and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">groundwater depletion<\/a> in India,\u201d Nature, vol. 460, pp. 999\u20131002, 2009 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2009. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>E.-S. Im, J. S. Pal and E. A. B. Eltahir, \u201cDeadly heat waves projected in the densely populated agricultural regions of South Asia,\u201d Science Advances, vol. 3, no. 8, 2017 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>P. Wester, A. Mishra, A. Mukherji and A. B. Shrestha (eds.), The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment: Mountains, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a>, Sustainability and People. Springer, Cham, 2019 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; volume not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c4-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-scenario\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/\">South Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 5<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Second deficient monsoon with unsettled river treaties<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">A conditional statement under stated assumptions, never a prediction.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>3 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>7 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.1<\/span><span>Assumptions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Scenario SCN-SAS-DRY-01: what is assumed, and what is held constant.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Baseline<\/dt><dd>the 2026 reference state in this edition<\/dd><dt>Drivers<\/dt><dd>a monsoon below the long period average for a second year, with high dry-season demand<\/dd><dt>Analogues<\/dt><dd>India monsoon 2026 at 87% of average<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup>; Nepal paddy loss in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup>; Indus and Ganges treaty positions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Interventions<\/dt><dd>none modelled, the specification describes the unmitigated case<\/dd><dt>Run state<\/dt><dd>narrative specification; quantified Foundry run scheduled for Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.2<\/span><span>The cascade, step by step<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">low rainfall cuts river flow and recharge on the plains<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">monsoon 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-n27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">WAT \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">irrigation shortfall lowers paddy and wheat output<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">Nepal paddy 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">WAT \u2192 ENE<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">hydropower falls where hydro dominates, and cooling water tightens elsewhere<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">no analogue bound<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">heat and smoke raise health load<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">air pollution mortality 2019<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">FOO \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">prices and household budgets tighten where <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 food-insecurity\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A situation in which people lack reliable access to enough safe and nutritious food for active and healthy lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">food insecurity<\/a> is already high<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">IPC projections 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">WAT \u2192 governance<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">treaty positions shape the room for joint flow management<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">award and expiry<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-n40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.3<\/span><span>The scenario as a table of steps<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">How the shock in scenario SCN-SAS-DRY-01 would travel through South Asia&#8217;s coupled <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, step by step, under the assumptions the edition states.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Climate to water<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Low rainfall cuts river flow and recharge on the plains. Analogue or source: monsoon 2026 [27].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-SAS, scenario SCN-SAS-DRY-01, step 1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 Water to food<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Irrigation shortfall lowers paddy and wheat output. Analogue or source: Nepal paddy 2025 [20].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-SAS, scenario SCN-SAS-DRY-01, step 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 Water to energy<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Hydropower falls where hydro dominates, and cooling water tightens elsewhere. Analogue or source: no analogue bound.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-SAS, scenario SCN-SAS-DRY-01, step 3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 Climate to health<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Heat and smoke raise health load. Analogue or source: air pollution mortality 2019 [8].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-SAS, scenario SCN-SAS-DRY-01, step 4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 Food to finance<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Prices and household budgets tighten where <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 food-insecurity\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A situation in which people lack reliable access to enough safe and nutritious food for active and healthy lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">food insecurity<\/a> is already high. Analogue or source: IPC projections 2026 [17] [18].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-SAS, scenario SCN-SAS-DRY-01, step 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Water to governance<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Treaty positions shape the room for joint flow management. Analogue or source: award and expiry [22] [40].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition REG-SAS, scenario SCN-SAS-DRY-01, step 6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of a conditional scenario under the edition&#8217;s stated assumptions: not a forecast, not a prediction and not a warning. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/scenario\/\" rel=\"noopener\">South Asia 2026, scenario SCN-SAS-DRY-01<\/a> (2026); South Asia 2026, references (NR-CIT-1) (2026).<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), India Baseline Edition 2026 (draft pack read for findings CLI-002 and CLI-003: 2026 monsoon at 87% of the long period average; the weather-service statements it cites were read by that edition, not by this one). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Nepal (reference date 18 August 2026; cereals 11.1 Mt and paddy 5.7 Mt in 2025, paddy down 4.2%). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>T. Gamble-Eddington, Court of Arbitration Finds that the Indus Water Treaty Remains in Force (International Law in Brief, 21 September 2026; award and order of 31 August 2026, PCA Case No. 2023-01). American Society of International Law, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: India and Bangladesh (parties), Treaty between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the People\u2019s Republic of Bangladesh on sharing of the Ganga\/Ganges waters at Farakka, signed 12 December 1996 (expiry in December 2026 and the absence of a signed renewal taken from search summaries of news reports and an analytic brief). Joint Rivers Commission, Dhaka and New Delhi. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 mean annual PM2.5 exposure (2023) and SH.STA.AIRP.P5 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 mortality-rate\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The number of deaths in a population over a period relative to its size.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">mortality rate<\/a> attributed to household and ambient air pollution (2019), eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Bangladesh (reference date 4 September 2026; 2026 paddy forecast 61.9 Mt; 18.1 million projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse September to December 2026). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Afghanistan (reference date 15 September 2026; 13.8 million projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse; about 2.65 million returns by late July 2026). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c5-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-lenses-and-readings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/\">South Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 6<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Readings from the other desks<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The regional baseline is read through each steward\u2019s lens, then once as a whole. Each lens is a projection of reviewed findings, not a separate argument. The other desks&#8217; own editions of this subject are listed first, as cross-references, not copies.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>16 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>8 tables<\/span><span>43 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.1<\/span><span>The other desks&#8217; editions of this subject<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Federation: each desk writes its own edition for the subjects in its remit. Until a desk releases, its edition shows its frame and the reading this edition printed for it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Desk<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-host=\"true\"><th scope=\"row\">GCRI Systems Evidence<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRF Public Deliberation<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRA Capital Readiness<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Standards Progress<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Academy Capability<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Index Measurement<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.2<\/span><span>Three lenses<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">One edition, read by each steward. The lens of this site comes first.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\" data-host=\"true\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of South Asian risk: monsoon, river, power and food act on one another. Evidence is strongest for population, emissions and the electricity mix, and weakest for losses, cross-border power flows and the condition of nature.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-001 \u00b7 WAT-005 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRF \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as a flood, a hot day, smoky air or a price rise. The baseline asks that public debate weigh how shared rivers make one state\u2019s decision another state\u2019s problem.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-003 \u00b7 HLT-008 \u00b7 FOO-009<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRA \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Insured and uninsured loss series by state are not bound. These show where finance-readiness evidence will matter. Nothing here is advice, a rating or an endorsement.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-003 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>South Asia publishes strong series on population, emissions and electricity, and the river treaties are in motion. The 2027 programme should bind flow, storage, loss and cross-border power data, test the deficient monsoon, and measure the condition of nature.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">SYS-012 \u00b7 A-01 \u00b7 A-02<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.3<\/span><span>Standards, Academy and steward contributions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">How the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> drafts, the Risk Academy and the three stewards feed each quarterly edition for South Asia. The standards are preparatory working drafts (October 2026) and are cited as drafts, never as adopted standards.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The quarterly rhythm every edition follows<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Quarter<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Boundary<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Q1<\/td><td>State and Agenda<\/td><td>What matters this year, and what is the starting position?<\/td><td>observed baseline stays distinct from planned work<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q2<\/td><td>Evidence and Build<\/td><td>What new evidence and capability have been developed?<\/td><td>a configured capability is not a validated result<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q3<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stress Test<\/a> and Readiness<\/td><td>What do scenarios and tests reveal?<\/td><td>simulated loss or performance is not observed impact<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q4<\/td><td>Annual Synthesis and Renewal<\/td><td>What did the year establish, and what changes next?<\/td><td>release follows review, not event publicity deadlines<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Who contributes what each quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Steward or body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contribution route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GCRI Canada<\/td><td>Lead Institution and Consortium Secretariat; publisher of record; technical truth (key T)<\/td><td>science and practice communities \u00b7 GCRI gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Forum (GRF)<\/td><td>leadership, dialogue and the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> programme; public meaning (key M)<\/td><td>policy, Universe and national adoption \u00b7 GRF gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)<\/td><td>finance, insurance and development readiness; capital meaning (key F)<\/td><td>finance and insurance \u00b7 GRA gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nexus Standards<\/td><td>preparatory drafts on vocabulary, hazards, indicators and methods<\/td><td>Standards site \u00b7 working groups HAZ, IND, MTH, FIN, AI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk Academy<\/td><td>learning pathways tied to the agenda questions<\/td><td>Academy gateway \u00b7 learning by review<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>South Asia regional pathway<\/td><td>regional pathway: hubs named in the registry<\/td><td>regional Commons room<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards drafts used in this edition<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Risk vocabulary NRS-C1 (424 terms) for terms in the glossary<\/li><li>Hazard atlas NHS-1 1.1.0 (905 hazards in 120 families) for risk objects<\/li><li>Seven risk classes: global, catastrophic, existential, emerging, planetary, exponential, frontier-tech<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards calendar to watch<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Founding calls from 20 October 2026; working groups meet from 5 November 2026<\/li><li>Inaugural Global Standards Council session, 12 January 2027<\/li><li>Quarterly reviews in March, June, September and December, aligned with each edition<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Nothing here certifies. A Nexus attestation records an evaluation under a mandate; it confers no certification, endorsement or approval. Adoption of any standard in a member country is a decision of that country\u2019s standards body.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.4<\/span><span>GCRI reading: the model card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-p\">GCRI&#8217;s reading of this edition is its model card: what the national model is, what it computes and where it stops. It is printed in full in Annex A, with the methods it belongs to. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/methodology\/\">Annex A, methodology<\/a><\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.5<\/span><span>Global Risks Forum reading: editorial essays<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Four signed essays by the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> editorial team set out the positions this edition takes. They are interpretation, labelled as such; the evidence they draw on is in the findings register.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The Indus and Ganges are shared by states whose treaties are now tested. The baseline treats the shared basin as the unit of analysis, with states as the places where the effects land.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 01<\/h3><p>Rivers do not follow treaties alone<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The registry names India as the one member of this region. This edition reads seven neighbouring states as a reference group and sums their published series only as context. They are never joined to the region on a code alone.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 02<\/h3><p>One member does not make a region<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Bangladesh draws almost all electricity from fossil fuels and Nepal and Bhutan almost all from hydropower. Each is a single-fuel or single-river system, and the couplings run through trade and rainfall.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 03<\/h3><p>Power systems carry a single bet<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Several data that matter most for risk, including cross-border power flows, flood tolls and losses by state, could not be read at evidence close. The edition shows each gap and the source that would fill it.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 04<\/h3><p>Gaps are findings too<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Essays are signed views of the editorial team. Contributed articles from working groups, consortium institutions and invited experts begin with the Q1 2027 edition, each with its own review route and disclosures.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.6<\/span><span>Global Risks Alliance reading: 2027 regional readiness pack<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The registers that open the 2027 regional cycle. At baseline each is initialised from this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">2027 regional readiness pack<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Register<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First 2027 entry<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>E1<\/td><td>Regional risk state delta<\/td><td>baseline set by this edition<\/td><td>changes against the baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E2<\/td><td>WEFH+B state delta<\/td><td>five regional system readings set<\/td><td>indicator updates and freshness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E3<\/td><td>Agenda and Portfolio movement<\/td><td>eight agenda items \u00b7 7 proposed objects<\/td><td>admission decisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E4<\/td><td>Federation delivery register<\/td><td>editions in programme as listed in the series registry<\/td><td>regional and sector baselines<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E5<\/td><td>Consortium capability register<\/td><td>national consortia forming<\/td><td>first contributions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E6<\/td><td>Leadership questions and challenges<\/td><td>none yet<\/td><td>first challenge log<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E7<\/td><td>Foundry technical state<\/td><td>national environments prepared<\/td><td>first federation cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E8<\/td><td>Publication candidates<\/td><td>twelve findings carried forward<\/td><td>PUBLISH \u00b7 HOLD dispositions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E9<\/td><td>Universe readiness<\/td><td>one candidate mission<\/td><td>admission and role spine<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E10<\/td><td>Correction register<\/td><td>none<\/td><td>first federation-wide cycle<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication dispositions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Publish<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hold<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Needs evidence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Restricted<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Superseded<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Programme progress is not real-world risk improvement. These registers record the work of the Nexus programme; they report on no state or organisation.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.7<\/span><span>Nexus Standards reading: standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Instruments that shape the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in this edition, by status on the retrieval date. The edition assesses no one\u2019s compliance.<\/p><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">IN FORCE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ADOPTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SUBMITTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">UNDER REVIEW<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instrument<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Scope<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Relevance<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Indus Waters Treaty 1960<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>India and Pakistan<\/td><td>Indus basin<\/td><td>IN FORCE PER COURT AWARD \u00b7 INDIA REJECTS<\/td><td>shared rivers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ganges Water Treaty 1996<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>India and Bangladesh<\/td><td>Ganges at Farakka<\/td><td>REPORTED TO EXPIRE DEC 2026<\/td><td>dry-season flow<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Charter of the regional association of South Asian states<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n46\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Note 46\">46<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>member states<\/td><td>South Asia<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>regional cooperation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> 2015\u20132030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNDRR<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2015<\/td><td>disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk reduction<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kunming-Montreal Framework<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n49\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r49\" aria-label=\"Note 49\">49<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CBD<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2022<\/td><td>30by30<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sixth Assessment Report, Working Group II<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n47\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r47\" aria-label=\"Note 47\">47<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IPCC<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/td><td>regional risk<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Changed since 2024<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>A Court of Arbitration issued an award on the Indus Waters Treaty on 31 August 2026 and India rejected it<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>India holds the Indus Waters Treaty in abeyance and says the court has no standing<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The Ganges Water Treaty is reported to be nearing expiry in December 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">To watch in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>The Neutral Expert decision on the Ratle plant, expected in July 2027<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Whether a renewed or replaced Ganges treaty is signed<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The official account of the August 2026 Rasuwa <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h9\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.flood.flash-flood\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Freshwater inundation\" data-td=\"A fast, violent rise of water in a small catchment or dry channel within hours of intense rain.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H9\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">flash flood<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n52\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r52\" aria-label=\"Note 52\">52<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Status is read from the issuing body on the retrieval date. A change in status opens a review task for every finding that relies on the instrument.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.8<\/span><span>Risk Academy reading: literature and evidence review: science and assessments<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The review behind this edition covers peer-reviewed science, regional and international assessments and the institutional reports that bind its findings. Full systematic reviews begin in Q1 2027 for each agenda item.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Review protocol<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Question<\/dt><dd>What does the published evidence establish about South Asia\u2019s coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity risks across its member countries?<\/dd><dt>Sources searched<\/dt><dd>peer-reviewed literature; regional and international assessments; official releases; statutory instruments<\/dd><dt>Window<\/dt><dd>releases available at evidence close, 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Selection<\/dt><dd>sources that bind or contextualise a finding in this edition<\/dd><dt>Next step<\/dt><dd>systematic reviews for agenda items A-01 to A-05 in Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Science and assessments<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Immerzeel et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2020<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>mountain water towers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rodell et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup>; Asoka et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal articles<\/td><td>2009; 2017<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>groundwater storage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Roxy et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup>; Im et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal articles<\/td><td>2017<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>monsoon extremes; heat<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sherwood and Huber<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2010<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>heat stress limit<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zscheischler et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>compound events<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Institutional reports<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>State of the Climate in Asia 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>WMO<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>floods, glaciers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ICIMOD and editors<\/td><td>2019<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>mountain <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n47\" aria-label=\"Note 47\">47<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IPCC<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>regional risk<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rasuwa disaster account<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Royal Scottish Geographical Society blog<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>glacier hazard<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health and economic impact of air pollution in the states of India<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Lancet Planetary Health authors<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>air and health<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Official statistics and regional sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Population and economy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Emissions and electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>climate, power<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water, land and air<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2022 to 2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>water, nature, health<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health, sanitation and food<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>health, food<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Growth and inflation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IMF<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>finance<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Industry, grid and international sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Cereal and food security briefs<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>FAO GIEWS<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>food, floods<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pakistan and Bangladesh electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Ember<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>power mix<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Afghanistan <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> page<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>WHO Health Cluster<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>hazard<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indus award commentary<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>American Society of International Law<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>shared rivers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>India draft edition<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Reports<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>monsoon, heat<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where the evidence agrees<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Monsoon and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">cyclone<\/a> rainfall drive the largest recent flood events in the region<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Shared rivers and glaciers tie the water systems of several states together<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Fossil fuels and hydropower dominate electricity in different states<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where it is unsettled<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Whether the Indus Waters Treaty binds all parties in its present form<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The cause and toll of the August 2026 Rasuwa <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h9\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.flood.flash-flood\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Freshwater inundation\" data-td=\"A fast, violent rise of water in a small catchment or dry channel within hours of intense rain.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H9\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">flash flood<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How many heat deaths go unrecorded, since no consistent series exists<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEWS AND PREPRINTS<\/p><p>No news report or preprint binds a finding in this edition. News is used only to date events; preprints used from Q1 2027 will be flagged as not peer-reviewed.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: India and Pakistan (parties), Indus Waters Treaty 1960 (text not opened). World Bank as signatory, Washington. Observation year 1960. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Permanent Court of Arbitration (ed.), Indus Waters Western Rivers Arbitration (Pakistan v. India), PCA Case No. 2023-01, award and order of 31 August 2026 (dates and holdings taken from the ASIL account [22] and search summaries). PCA, The Hague. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: India and Bangladesh (parties), Treaty between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the People\u2019s Republic of Bangladesh on sharing of the Ganga\/Ganges waters at Farakka, signed 12 December 1996 (expiry in December 2026 and the absence of a signed renewal taken from search summaries of news reports and an analytic brief). Joint Rivers Commission, Dhaka and New Delhi. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Charter of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, Dhaka, 1985. SAARC Secretariat, Kathmandu. Observation year 1985. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 46\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n49\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">49<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r49\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 49\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: H.-O. P\u00f6rtner, D. C. Roberts, M. Tignor et al. (eds.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r47\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 47\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>T. Gamble-Eddington, Court of Arbitration Finds that the Indus Water Treaty Remains in Force (International Law in Brief, 21 September 2026; award and order of 31 August 2026, PCA Case No. 2023-01). American Society of International Law, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>S. J. Cook, The August 2026 Rasuwa disaster (blog post, 10 September 2026; ice-rock avalanche, initial volume about 100 million cubic metres; no precise casualty figure). Royal Scottish Geographical Society, Perth. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n52\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">52<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ed.), publications listing (page opened; one report dated 13 October 2026 on the Gyirong and Rasuwa disaster of 26 August 2026 is listed by title only; its content was not read). ICIMOD, Kathmandu. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r52\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 52\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>W. W. Immerzeel, A. F. Lutz, M. Andrade et al., \u201cImportance and vulnerability of the world\u2019s water towers,\u201d Nature, vol. 577, pp. 364\u2013369, 2020 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>M. Rodell, I. Velicogna and J. S. Famiglietti, \u201cSatellite-based estimates of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.groundwater-depletion\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"Aquifers drawn down faster than they refill, lowering wells and driving land subsidence and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">groundwater depletion<\/a> in India,\u201d Nature, vol. 460, pp. 999\u20131002, 2009 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2009. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>A. Asoka, T. Gleeson, Y. Wada and V. Mishra, \u201cRelative contribution of monsoon precipitation and pumping to changes in groundwater storage in India,\u201d Nature Geoscience, vol. 10, pp. 109\u2013117, 2017 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>M. K. Roxy, S. Ghosh, A. Pathak et al., \u201cA threefold rise in widespread <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h4\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.precipitation.heavy-rain\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Precipitation extremes\" data-td=\"Rain falling fast or long enough to overwhelm drainage, soils and streams and to trigger floods and slope failures.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H4\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">extreme rain<\/a> events over central India,\u201d Nature Communications, vol. 8, 2017 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>E.-S. Im, J. S. Pal and E. A. B. Eltahir, \u201cDeadly heat waves projected in the densely populated agricultural regions of South Asia,\u201d Science Advances, vol. 3, no. 8, 2017 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>S. C. Sherwood and M. Huber, \u201cAn adaptability limit to climate change due to heat stress,\u201d Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 107, pp. 9552\u20139555, 2010 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2010. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2025 (series page opened, published 17 June 2026; the page states no South Asia figures). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>P. Wester, A. Mishra, A. Mukherji and A. B. Shrestha (eds.), The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment: Mountains, Climate Change, Sustainability and People. Springer, Cham, 2019 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; volume not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>A. Pandey, M. Brauer, M. L. Cropper et al., \u201cHealth and economic impact of air pollution in the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019,\u201d The Lancet Planetary Health, vol. 5, pp. e25\u2013e38, 2021 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SP.POP.TOTL population total, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (data service, source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD GDP in current US dollars, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, eight states (latest value 2025; Afghanistan 2024). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS urban population share, SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS population aged 65 or over and SP.POP.GROW population growth, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5 total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF and EN.GHG.CO2.MT.CE.AR5, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS, EG.ELC.HYRO.ZS, EG.ELC.COAL.ZS, EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS and EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, electricity and energy shares, eight states (latest value by state: 2021 to 2024). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS access to electricity, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, ER.H2O.INTR.PC renewable internal freshwater resources per person and ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS annual freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, AG.LND.FRST.ZS forest area, ER.LND.PTLD.ZS terrestrial protected areas and AG.LND.AGRI.ZS agricultural land, eight states (forest and agricultural land 2024; protected areas 2025). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 mean annual PM2.5 exposure (2023) and SH.STA.AIRP.P5 mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution (2019), eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SP.DYN.LE00.IN life expectancy at birth and SH.DYN.MORT under-five mortality rate, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SH.H2O.BASW.ZS basic drinking water and SH.STA.BASS.ZS basic sanitation services, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS prevalence of undernourishment and SI.POV.DDAY poverty headcount at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP), eight states (no value for Bhutan and Maldives undernourishment; poverty years 2019 to 2024). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, AG.PRD.CREL.MT cereal production, AG.LND.IRIG.AG.ZS irrigated agricultural land, NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS and SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS agriculture value added and employment, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>International Monetary Fund (ed.), DataMapper, World Economic Outlook series NGDP_RPCH real GDP growth and PCPIPCH inflation, projections for 2025 and 2026 (database vintage as served on the access date; the country filter was ignored and the full table was read). IMF, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Pakistan (reference date 6 February 2026; cereal output about 53 Mt in 2025; floods affected at least 5.8 million people; about 10 million at IPC Phase 3 or worse April to July 2025). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Bangladesh (reference date 4 September 2026; 2026 paddy forecast 61.9 Mt; 18.1 million projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse September to December 2026). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Afghanistan (reference date 15 September 2026; 13.8 million projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse; about 2.65 million returns by late July 2026). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Sri Lanka (reference date 31 August 2026; cereals 5.5 Mt in 2025; Cyclone Ditwah damage to paddy, November 2025). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Nepal (reference date 18 August 2026; cereals 11.1 Mt and paddy 5.7 Mt in 2025, paddy down 4.2%). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Pakistan electricity country page (updated 21 April 2026; fossil 45%, solar and wind 22%, low-carbon 55% in 2025; read through a page summary). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Bangladesh electricity country page (fossil 98%, solar and wind 1.5% in 2025; the year was stated in the headline only; read through a page summary). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>WHO Health Cluster (ed.), Afghanistan <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> (page dated 2 September 2025; magnitude 6.0 on 31 August 2025; Kunar, Laghman, Nangarhar and Nuristan; no casualty figures stated). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), India Baseline Edition 2026 (draft pack read for findings CLI-002 and CLI-003: 2026 monsoon at 87% of the long period average; the weather-service statements it cites were read by that edition, not by this one). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-agenda\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/\">South Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 7<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">The 2027 agenda<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Eight bounded questions open the 2027 Regional Agenda. Each comes from a baseline finding, names the initiative that will carry it and the first output due at the Q1 2027 cut.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>6 tables<\/span><span>3 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.1<\/span><span>Questions for the operational series<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How would a second deficient monsoon load groundwater, crops, power and household food budgets across the region?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-SAS-CLI-01 \u00b7 compound monsoon stress; first output: dependency graph for the Indus and Ganges plains.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How secure is power supply in states that depend on one fuel or one river?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-SAS-ENE-02 \u00b7 electricity mix and links; first output: fuel-and-link register.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How do shared river treaties shape dry-season flow, and what evidence binds them?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-SAS-WAT-03 \u00b7 shared rivers; first output: basin evidence note for the Indus.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How many deaths can be attributed to heat and air pollution, by state and year?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-SAS-HLT-04 \u00b7 heat, air and health; first output: attribution baseline for the member and two reference states.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Where do flood and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">cyclone<\/a> losses fall between insurers, households and public budgets?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-SAS-FIN-05 \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a>; first output: peril-by-state loss table.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How fast are Himalayan glaciers losing mass, and which basins are exposed to sudden glacier hazards?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-SAS-BIO-01 \u00b7 mountain hazards; first output: glacier hazard evidence note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How exposed are crop output and food access to concurrent drought, heat and price shocks?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in Q1 2027; first output: scoping note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which capabilities have been tested in real events, and which are only documented?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">Regional capability register; first output: rung evidence for 15 functions.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.2<\/span><span>Portfolio proposed for the Q1 2027 alignment<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Six initiatives and one Universe mission candidate are proposed for the 2027 regional portfolio. They are programme objects, no partner, funder or member is attached to them in this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Objects proposed for the first operational quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Object<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-SAS-CLI-01<\/span><\/td><td>Compound monsoon stress: rivers, crops and power<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-SAS-ENE-02<\/span><\/td><td>Electricity mix and cross-border links<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-02<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-SAS-WAT-03<\/span><\/td><td>Shared rivers in dry years<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-03<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-SAS-HLT-04<\/span><\/td><td>Heat, air and health attribution<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-04<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-SAS-FIN-05<\/span><\/td><td>Flood and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">cyclone<\/a> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-05<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PRJ-SAS-CLI-01a<\/span><\/td><td>Indus and Ganges plains compound monsoon dependency graph<\/td><td>Project<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MSN-SAS-2027-01<\/span><\/td><td>Monsoon, rivers and power Universe mission<\/td><td>Mission<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.3<\/span><span>The pathway<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The South Asia regional pathway is the route through which the Nexus operating system will read South Asia as one region from 2027. At baseline the pathway is designed and its hubs are named in the series registry; its working arrangements are set from Q1 2027. This page states what exists today and what comes next, nothing more.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Foundries<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">continuous national evidence environments<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">PREPARED \u00b7 first sealed cuts in Q1 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Models and Portfolios<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">each country as a system of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANADA v0 ISSUED \u00b7 25 further national baselines<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Quarterly national reports<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">State &amp; Agenda, Evidence, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stress Test<\/a>, Annual<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE STAGE \u00b7 Q1 2027 opens the series<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Regional aggregation<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">South Asia as one of ten regional clusters<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">THIS EDITION \u00b7 annual regional cut from 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Global sector and strategic models<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">GS-01\u202615 \u00b7 SR-01\u202614 \u00b7 XT-01\u202620<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">49 PLANNED \u00b7 pilots: GS-01, SR-01, XT-01<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Universe<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">annual proving environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANDIDATE MISSION \u00b7 global mandate in 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Global Report<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">this series<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE ISSUED \u00b7 2027 annual edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Evidence and correction<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">one graph, many projections<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">OPEN \u00b7 first federation-wide correction cycle in 2027<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.4<\/span><span>Universe 2027: evidence pack for the regional candidate mission<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Mandate<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Core Build \u00b7 1 month<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Action \u00b7 1 week<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Evidence seal<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Portfolio correction<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Next mandate<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Universe 2027: evidence pack for the regional candidate mission<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Record<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Timing<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>F1<\/td><td>Annual mandate record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>after the Q2 2027 alignment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F2<\/td><td>Core Build record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>one month before the exercise<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F3<\/td><td>Exercise evidence<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>during the Action week<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F4<\/td><td>Decision packets<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>exercise state only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F5<\/td><td>Proof receipts<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>scoped to each recorded check<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F6<\/td><td>After-action report<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>within one quarter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F7<\/td><td>Upgrade docket<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>routed to the Portfolio<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F8<\/td><td>Portfolio renewal<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>2027 regional annual edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F9<\/td><td>Public synthesis<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>public-safe extracts only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Mission<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>ID<\/dt><dd>MSN-SAS-2027-01 \u00b7 Monsoon, rivers and power Universe mission<\/dd><dt>Role spine<\/dt><dd>Leadership sponsor (NLC) \u00b7 Institutional anchor (NNC) \u00b7 Mission lead (NWG)<\/dd><dt>Receiving actors<\/dt><dd>to be identified with the mandate<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Simulation success is not deployment approval; demonstration is not certification; finance readiness is not financing secured.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.5<\/span><span>Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Where the baseline\u2019s findings go next. A handoff routes a finding for awareness, review or work; it transfers no authority.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Finding<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Routed to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Purpose<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CLI-001 \u00b7 regional climate record<\/td><td>public record<\/td><td>reference for the 2027 series<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CLI-003 \u00b7 floods 2025<\/td><td>INI-SAS-CLI-01<\/td><td>compound monsoon graph<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WAT-004 \u00b7 freshwater<\/td><td>INI-SAS-WAT-03<\/td><td>shared rivers<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WAT-005 \u00b7 Indus award<\/td><td>INI-SAS-WAT-03<\/td><td>basin evidence note<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ENE-006 \u00b7 electricity mix<\/td><td>INI-SAS-ENE-02<\/td><td>fuel-and-link register<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HLT-008 \u00b7 air pollution<\/td><td>INI-SAS-HLT-04<\/td><td>heat, air and health attribution<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FOO-009 \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 food-insecurity\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A situation in which people lack reliable access to enough safe and nutritious food for active and healthy lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">food insecurity<\/a><\/td><td>scoping note<\/td><td>food exposure note<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SYS-012 \u00b7 compound pathway<\/td><td>MSN-SAS-2027-01<\/td><td>Universe candidate<\/td><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Routing rules by publication class<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Where it goes<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Who can see it<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>PUBLIC<\/td><td>the published edition and its evidence bundle<\/td><td>anyone<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><td>governed rooms of the federation<\/td><td>consortium members under agreement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONTROLLED<\/td><td>need-to-know channels<\/td><td>named competent actors only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Handoffs carry findings to Nexus programme objects and steward reviews. States and organisations receive public editions as published; nothing here instructs them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.6<\/span><span>Feeds and signal register<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Feeds watched from Q1 2027<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Feed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Producer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Latency<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Feeds into<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>IMD monsoon bulletins and sub-division rainfall<\/td><td>India Meteorological Department<\/td><td>daily in season<\/td><td>CLI-002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reservoir and river flow bulletins<\/td><td>national water authorities<\/td><td>daily<\/td><td>WAT-004<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity generation by fuel<\/td><td>Ember and national utilities<\/td><td>monthly<\/td><td>ENE-006<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food security and crop prospects<\/td><td>FAO GIEWS<\/td><td>monthly<\/td><td>FOO-009<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IPC <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 food-insecurity\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A situation in which people lack reliable access to enough safe and nutritious food for active and healthy lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">food insecurity<\/a> analyses<\/td><td>IPC partnership<\/td><td>several a year<\/td><td>FOO-009<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Disaster situation reports<\/td><td>national disaster authorities<\/td><td>event-based<\/td><td>CLI-003<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>World Development Indicators<\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>rolling<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Escalation routes<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">none \u00b7 keep monitoring<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">research question<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">project<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">risk object<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">quarterly publication<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">signal report<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Signals at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Signal<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Corroboration<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>SIG-SAS-001<\/td><td>Indus award of 31 August 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>WAT<\/td><td>research question A-03<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-SAS-002<\/td><td>Floods in Pakistan 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 FOO<\/td><td>risk object RSK-SAS-CLI-001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-SAS-003<\/td><td>Rasuwa <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h9\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.flood.flash-flood\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Freshwater inundation\" data-td=\"A fast, violent rise of water in a small catchment or dry channel within hours of intense rain.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H9\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">flash flood<\/a> 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>SINGLE SOURCE<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 INF<\/td><td>research question A-06<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A signal is not a warning. Signal records never substitute for official alerting or early-warning authorities, and they bypass no publication control.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>T. Gamble-Eddington, Court of Arbitration Finds that the Indus Water Treaty Remains in Force (International Law in Brief, 21 September 2026; award and order of 31 August 2026, PCA Case No. 2023-01). American Society of International Law, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Pakistan (reference date 6 February 2026; cereal output about 53 Mt in 2025; floods affected at least 5.8 million people; about 10 million at IPC Phase 3 or worse April to July 2025). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>S. J. Cook, The August 2026 Rasuwa disaster (blog post, 10 September 2026; ice-rock avalanche, initial volume about 100 million cubic metres; no precise casualty figure). Royal Scottish Geographical Society, Perth. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c7-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-systems-in-depth\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/\">South Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 8<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems in depth<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">One section per system: its state at evidence close, its exposures and what the operational series will watch.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>9 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>5 tables<\/span><span>25 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.1<\/span><span>Member countries: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The registry names one member edition for South Asia, India. The other seven states are read as a reference group, using the same published series, so that the member is seen in its setting. They have no edition in the registry and are never joined to the region on code alone.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,991<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>people in eight states, 2025 (ESTIMATED)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">5,234<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>emissions excluding land use, 2024 (ESTIMATED)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4,985<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">US$ billion<\/span><p>output of seven states, 2025 (ESTIMATED)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Member system cards at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Member<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>India (member)<\/td><td>population 1,463.9 million; emissions 4,371.2 Mt; fossil 75.8% of electricity; PM2.5 at 54.1 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3; 2026 monsoon at 87% of average<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reference: Pakistan<\/td><td>population 255.2 million; renewable water 226 m\u00b3 per person; withdrawals at 326%; floods in 2025 affected at least 5.8 million; poverty at $3.00 a day 23.0%<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reference: Bangladesh<\/td><td>population 175.7 million; fossil 97.7% of electricity; PM2.5 at 69.3 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3; 18.1 million projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reference: Afghanistan<\/td><td>population 43.8 million; 13.8 million projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse; about 2.65 million returns; electricity access 87.8%<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reference: Nepal<\/td><td>population 29.6 million; hydro 98.7% of electricity; paddy down 4.2% in 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reference: Sri Lanka<\/td><td>population 21.8 million; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Cyclone<\/a> Ditwah damaged paddy in November 2025; cereals 5.5 Mt in 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reference: Bhutan and Maldives<\/td><td>populations 0.80 and 0.53 million; Bhutan 70.4% forest and 51.6% protected; 49% of Maldives people below 5 m<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings across members<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 WAT across the Indus and Ganges plains (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh)<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 ENE hydropower in Nepal and Bhutan and the links to India<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 FOO monsoon deficits into rice and wheat output<\/li><li>FIN \u2190 CLI losses carried by households and budgets across borders<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>emissions on national inventory basis<\/li><li>flood loss and heat death series by state<\/li><li>condition of nature outside protected areas<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>The 2027 monsoon, the Ganges treaty outcome, national flood tolls and the heat-mortality record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>India keeps ownership of its own edition. This chapter compares indicators; it assesses no state and builds no league table.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.2<\/span><span>Shared basins and grids: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Shared rivers, glaciers and power links carry risk across borders. This chapter names each system, the states involved and the evidence read at baseline. Rows without a source are designed empty states.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">326<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Pakistan withdrawals against internal water, 2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">river treaties<\/span><p>Indus 1960 and Ganges 1996<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">12 Dec 2026<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">reported expiry<\/span><p>Ganges Water Treaty<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Shared basins and seas<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Basin<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Members involved<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Indus<\/td><td>India, Pakistan, Afghanistan; Court of Arbitration award of 31 August 2026, rejected by India<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ganges<\/td><td>India, Bangladesh, Nepal; treaty reported to expire in December 2026<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Brahmaputra and Meghna<\/td><td>India, Bangladesh, Bhutan; no source read<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hindu Kush Himalaya glaciers<\/td><td>all eight states in or beside the range; glaciers retreating, no figures read<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Shared grids and gas networks<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Grid<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Members involved<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>India, Nepal and Bhutan power links<\/td><td>Nepal and Bhutan draw nearly all electricity from hydropower; flows and capacity not bound<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>India and Bangladesh power link<\/td><td>Bangladesh draws 97.7% from fossil fuels; flows not bound<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity access<\/td><td>87.8% in Afghanistan, 95.7% in Pakistan, 97.9% in Nepal in 2024<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Border crossing at Gyirong<\/td><td>badly damaged by a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h9\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.flood.flash-flood\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Freshwater inundation\" data-td=\"A fast, violent rise of water in a small catchment or dry channel within hours of intense rain.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H9\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">flash flood<\/a> on 26 August 2026; casualty figures not bound<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings through shared systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 ENE low flow into hydropower and cooling water<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 FOO irrigation across the Indus plains<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 INF a glacier hazard cutting a border crossing<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 governance treaty positions into flow management<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Indus flows and reservoir storage<\/li><li>Ganges treaty status<\/li><li>cross-border power flows<\/li><li>glacier mass change by basin<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>The Neutral Expert decision on the Ratle plant, the Ganges treaty outcome, and the official account of the Rasuwa flash flood<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>River commissions, treaty parties and utilities hold these mandates. This chapter assesses none of them and takes no side in any dispute.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.3<\/span><span>Hub list: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The hubs the series registry names for this region and for its member country. The list is read from the registry, so a change there changes this page.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Registry<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Regional hubs<\/dt><dd>Bengaluru<\/dd><dt>Desks with a remit<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 GRX<\/dd><dt>Registry record<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Member hubs as the registry names them<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Hub<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Member<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Registry role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Member edition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Bengaluru<\/td><td>India<\/td><td>G20 \u00b7 hub<\/td><td>in preparation<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What a hub does in this series<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Hub terms of reference are not set at baseline<\/li><li>Hub contact points are not named at baseline<\/li><li>The registry names the hubs and the desks with a remit; working arrangements follow from Q1 2027<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A hub is a place named in the registry. It is not an institution, an office or a mandate, and it gives no authority over any state.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.4<\/span><span>Regional pathway: the baseline regional chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The regional pathway is the route through which the series will read South Asia as one region from 2027. This page states what exists today and what comes next. It does not describe any body that has not been constituted.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The regional pathway at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Stage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What exists today<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Regional hub<\/td><td>Bengaluru is named in the series registry<\/td><td>NAMED<\/td><td>terms set from Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Desks<\/td><td>GCRI, GRF and GRX hold the remit for regional editions in the registry<\/td><td>NAMED<\/td><td>work plan for Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence graph<\/td><td>member and regional findings share identifiers<\/td><td>PREPARED<\/td><td>first sealed cut NQ-REG-SAS-2027-Q1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Member editions<\/td><td>India in preparation<\/td><td>MIXED<\/td><td>review through the chain before release<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Open at baseline<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Constitution of any regional council or working group<\/li><li>Hub terms of reference and contact points<\/li><li>The route from the one registry member to the seven reference-group states<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Decisions that rest elsewhere<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Water, energy and health policy rest with national authorities<\/li><li>River treaties are made and interpreted by their parties and courts; this edition cites them and decides nothing<\/li><li>Membership of any regional association is a decision of its member states and is not set by the registry<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>The pathway is a design. It does not set priorities for a government or an association and assesses no authority.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SP.POP.TOTL population total, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (data service, source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5 total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF and EN.GHG.CO2.MT.CE.AR5, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD GDP in current US dollars, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, eight states (latest value 2025; Afghanistan 2024). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS, EG.ELC.HYRO.ZS, EG.ELC.COAL.ZS, EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS and EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, electricity and energy shares, eight states (latest value by state: 2021 to 2024). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 mean annual PM2.5 exposure (2023) and SH.STA.AIRP.P5 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 mortality-rate\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The number of deaths in a population over a period relative to its size.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">mortality rate<\/a> attributed to household and ambient air pollution (2019), eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), India Baseline Edition 2026 (draft pack read for findings CLI-002 and CLI-003: 2026 monsoon at 87% of the long period average; the weather-service statements it cites were read by that edition, not by this one). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, ER.H2O.INTR.PC renewable internal freshwater resources per person and ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS annual freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS prevalence of undernourishment and SI.POV.DDAY poverty headcount at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP), eight states (no value for Bhutan and Maldives undernourishment; poverty years 2019 to 2024). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Pakistan (reference date 6 February 2026; cereal output about 53 Mt in 2025; floods affected at least 5.8 million people; about 10 million at IPC Phase 3 or worse April to July 2025). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Bangladesh (reference date 4 September 2026; 2026 paddy forecast 61.9 Mt; 18.1 million projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse September to December 2026). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS access to electricity, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Afghanistan (reference date 15 September 2026; 13.8 million projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse; about 2.65 million returns by late July 2026). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Nepal (reference date 18 August 2026; cereals 11.1 Mt and paddy 5.7 Mt in 2025, paddy down 4.2%). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Sri Lanka (reference date 31 August 2026; cereals 5.5 Mt in 2025; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Cyclone<\/a> Ditwah damage to paddy, November 2025). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, AG.LND.FRST.ZS forest area, ER.LND.PTLD.ZS terrestrial protected areas and AG.LND.AGRI.ZS agricultural land, eight states (forest and agricultural land 2024; protected areas 2025). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, VC.IDP.NWDS new internal displacement associated with disasters (2023) and EN.POP.EL5M.ZS population in low elevation coastal zones below 5 m (2015), eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>T. Gamble-Eddington, Court of Arbitration Finds that the Indus Water Treaty Remains in Force (International Law in Brief, 21 September 2026; award and order of 31 August 2026, PCA Case No. 2023-01). American Society of International Law, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: India and Bangladesh (parties), Treaty between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the People\u2019s Republic of Bangladesh on sharing of the Ganga\/Ganges waters at Farakka, signed 12 December 1996 (expiry in December 2026 and the absence of a signed renewal taken from search summaries of news reports and an analytic brief). Joint Rivers Commission, Dhaka and New Delhi. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: National Disaster Management Authority, Pakistan (ed.), 2025 monsoon season reports (death tolls from about 280 in July to about 1,000 at season end seen in news results; the figures conflicted and are not used). NDMA, Islamabad. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: India and Pakistan (parties), Indus Waters Treaty 1960 (text not opened). World Bank as signatory, Washington. Observation year 1960. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Permanent Court of Arbitration (ed.), Indus Waters Western Rivers Arbitration (Pakistan v. India), PCA Case No. 2023-01, award and order of 31 August 2026 (dates and holdings taken from the ASIL account [22] and search summaries). PCA, The Hague. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>P. Wester, A. Mishra, A. Mukherji and A. B. Shrestha (eds.), The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment: Mountains, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a>, Sustainability and People. Springer, Cham, 2019 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; volume not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2025 (series page opened, published 17 June 2026; the page states no South Asia figures). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Bangladesh electricity country page (fossil 98%, solar and wind 1.5% in 2025; the year was stated in the headline only; read through a page summary). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>S. J. Cook, The August 2026 Rasuwa disaster (blog post, 10 September 2026; ice-rock avalanche, initial volume about 100 million cubic metres; no precise casualty figure). Royal Scottish Geographical Society, Perth. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-c8-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-methodology\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/\">South Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex A<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Methodology<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">How the edition was made: methods, the model card, the evidence cut and its age, the acceptance record and the glossary.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>14 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>13 tables<\/span><span>20 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.1<\/span><span>Methods<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The regional baseline uses published values and four simple derivations. Each is shown in full so that any reader can reproduce it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Methods<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">No.<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Derivation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Calculation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Result<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>(1)<\/td><td>India\u2019s share of the eight-state population, 2025<\/td><td>1,463.87 \u00f7 1,991.32<\/td><td>73.5%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(2)<\/td><td>India\u2019s share of the eight-state emissions excluding land use, 2024<\/td><td>4,371.17 \u00f7 5,234.45<\/td><td>83.5%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(3)<\/td><td>India\u2019s share of the eight-state cereal production, 2024<\/td><td>391.12 \u00f7 536.15<\/td><td>73.0%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(4)<\/td><td>India\u2019s share of the seven-state output, 2025, excluding Afghanistan<\/td><td>3,956.07 \u00f7 4,985.33<\/td><td>79.4%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling strength scale (matrix and model card)<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Strength<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>STRONG<\/td><td>a disruption in the source system has historically changed the target system\u2019s service or output within one season, in more than one region<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MODERATE<\/td><td>an effect is documented but buffered or slower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEAK<\/td><td>an effect is plausible but not documented at regional scale<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Status grammar<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rule<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>value as issued by its source, with year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>reasoned from cited evidence; never a measurement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus analytical value with stated method<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>conditional on stated assumptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>structured editorial judgement awaiting evidence<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.2<\/span><span>Model card: Regional System Model v0<\/span><\/h2><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model ID<\/dt><dd>MDL-SAS-REGIONAL \u00b7 v0.1<\/dd><dt>Purpose<\/dt><dd>represent South Asia as coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> across member countries, with forcing and transmission layers<\/dd><dt>Family<\/dt><dd>graph-based system of systems<\/dd><dt>Inputs<\/dt><dd>the cited sources of this edition; no proprietary data<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>expert-specified coupling strengths (STRONG \u00b7 MODERATE \u00b7 WEAK) from assessments and analogue events<\/dd><dt>Validation<\/dt><dd>none yet, first validation against federation evidence in 2027<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>qualitative; strengths are hypotheses, not measurements<\/dd><dt>Domain of validity<\/dt><dd>regional scale; not for national, basin or asset-level use<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>strength table and sources published in this edition<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">couplings<\/span><p>typed in v0<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strong<\/span><p>documented within one season<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">moderate<\/span><p>documented, buffered<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">weak<\/span><p>plausible, undocumented<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>framing the 2027 agenda; choosing which couplings to measure first; explaining the coupled reading of risk in South Asia.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOT SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>quantitative loss estimates, country comparisons or rankings, operational decisions, or any claim about a specific asset.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">VERSIONING<\/p><p>Models are immutable by version. A change to any coupling, rule or weight produces v0.2 with its own card and correction note.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.3<\/span><span>The baseline evidence cut<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Every Nexus edition is published from a frozen evidence cut. The regional baseline cut is documentary: it pins the exact edition of every source cited. Federation cuts begin with the first national Foundry cuts in 2027.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Cut ID<\/dt><dd>NQ-REG-SAS-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Type<\/dt><dd>baseline documentary cut<\/dd><dt>Resolution policy<\/dt><dd>pinned \u00b7 as of 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Sources pinned<\/dt><dd>52 cited sources, each at the edition and access date in the references<\/dd><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>none at baseline, analytical values are stated with their method<\/dd><dt>Digest<\/dt><dd>computed at <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.hard-freeze\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"Air temperature falling well below freezing for hours, killing crops, bursting pipes and stopping water flow.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">freeze<\/a> and recorded in the publication record<\/dd><dt>Supersedes<\/dt><dd>nothing, first cut of the series<\/dd><dt>Superseded by<\/dt><dd>NQ-REG-SAS-2027-Q1-1 at the Q1 2027 close<\/dd><\/dl><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Lineage<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">source edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">pinned citation<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">finding<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">page<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">publication record<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">From the baseline cut to the federation cut<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Element<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2027 regional annual<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Sources<\/td><td>cited publications, pinned by edition<\/td><td>national, regional and sector cuts through one graph<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Analysis<\/td><td>stated methods and editorial estimates<\/td><td>typed analysis specifications<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Models<\/td><td>Regional System Model v0 specification<\/td><td>model runs with receipts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Findings<\/td><td>twelve baseline findings<\/td><td>findings re-bound to federation evidence<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Review<\/td><td>five passes scheduled<\/td><td>five passes on the exact digest<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.4<\/span><span>Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A 2026 edition rests on evidence observed in many different years. This page shows each time base, so that no single year label hides older evidence.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Observed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Released<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next release<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Population<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>not recorded<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Output and growth<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>not recorded<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Greenhouse gases<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>not recorded<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity by fuel<\/td><td>2021 to 2024<\/td><td>not recorded<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Freshwater series<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>not recorded<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PM2.5 exposure<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>not recorded<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Air pollution mortality<\/td><td>2019<\/td><td>not recorded<\/td><td>occasional<\/td><td>not recorded<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FAO country briefs<\/td><td>2025 to 2026<\/td><td>Feb to Sep 2026<\/td><td>several a year<\/td><td>next brief<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WMO Asia report<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Jun 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coverage by system at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Thinnest dimension<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Climate and hazards<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>final flood tolls; heat deaths<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>cross-border power flows<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>Indus flows and storage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>Bhutan and Maldives undernourishment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>heat deaths; recent air mortality<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>condition outside protected areas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>insured and uninsured losses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Digital<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>dependency mapping<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Designed empty states: what is not bound, what would fill it and why<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Field<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source that would fill it<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Blocker<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Cross-border electricity flows and capacity between India, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh<\/td><td>national transmission utilities and the Indian Central Electricity Authority<\/td><td>not retrieved; no operator series was read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Final death toll, displacement and losses of the 2025 monsoon floods in Pakistan, by province<\/td><td>Pakistan National Disaster Management Authority season reports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>not opened; the figures seen in search results conflicted<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Casualty count and cause of the 26 August 2026 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h9\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.flood.flash-flood\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Freshwater inundation\" data-td=\"A fast, violent rise of water in a small catchment or dry channel within hours of intense rain.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H9\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">flash flood<\/a> on the Nepal and China border<\/td><td>Nepal government records and the ICIMOD report listed on 13 October 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n52\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r52\" aria-label=\"Note 52\">52<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>not opened; the one account read gives no precise count and the cause is unresolved<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deaths and injuries of the 31 August 2025 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> in eastern Afghanistan<\/td><td>USGS event record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n44\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup> and WHO situation reports<\/td><td>the event page returned no content and the WHO page states no figure<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup>; reports differ<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Official toll of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Cyclone<\/a> Ditwah in Sri Lanka, November 2025<\/td><td>Sri Lanka Disaster Management Centre situation reports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>not opened; figures seen in news results rose over time<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Status of the renewal of the Ganges Water Treaty, which expires in December 2026<\/td><td>India and Bangladesh Joint Rivers Commission and the treaty text<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the analytic brief fetched is an image-only file and could not be read<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup>; no signed text found<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indus basin reservoir storage and river flows in Pakistan and India<\/td><td>Pakistan water authority and Indian Central Water Commission bulletins<\/td><td>not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h75\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 health.climate-sensitive.heat-illness-surge\" data-tk=\"Health and biosecurity \u00b7 Climate-sensitive illness\" data-td=\"A rise in heatstroke, dehydration and heat-worsened heart, lung and kidney illness during hot spells, overwhelming emergency care and killing older and isolated people.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H75\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/health\/\" data-txl=\"Health and biosecurity\">Heat-related deaths<\/a> in 2025 and 2026, by state<\/td><td>national health ministries and WHO<\/td><td>no consistent series found; the India edition notes the same gap<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Prevalence of undernourishment for Bhutan and the Maldives<\/td><td>FAO and the World Bank undernourishment series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the series returned no value for these two states<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Growth and inflation for Afghanistan for 2026<\/td><td>IMF projections<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the series returned a value for 2025 only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Emissions on each state\u2019s own inventory basis, including land use<\/td><td>national communications and reports to the UNFCCC<\/td><td>not opened; the series in<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup> uses one common basis and may differ from national inventories<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Glacier mass change by basin in the Hindu Kush Himalaya<\/td><td>ICIMOD and the World Glacier Monitoring Service<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the WMO page states <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h15\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.glacier.glacier-mass-loss\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Glacier, ice-sheet and permafrost change\" data-td=\"Sustained shrinking of mountain glaciers that first raises and later cuts dry-season river flow and destabilises slopes.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H15\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">glacier retreat<\/a> without figures<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Insured and uninsured disaster losses by state<\/td><td>insurers, reinsurers and national finance ministries<\/td><td>not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability rungs: early warning, reserves, response, recovery, social protection, infrastructure, workforce<\/td><td>disaster authorities, weather services, utilities and ministries<\/td><td>not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.5<\/span><span>Evidence cards: two anchor sources<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the World Bank. Annual series. Role: binds population, output and emissions in the profile and regional reading. Latest values differ by state and are stated beside each figure; the source updated on 8 October 2026.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-SAS-001<\/h3><p>World Development Indicators, eight states<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the Food and Agriculture Organization. Reference dates from February to September 2026. Role: binds food supply and food insecurity findings. Coverage is one brief per state.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-SAS-002<\/h3><p>FAO GIEWS country briefs<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Quality dimensions at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Dimension<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-SAS-001<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-SAS-002<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Completeness<\/td><td>eight states; some series lack Afghanistan, Bhutan or the Maldives<\/td><td>one brief per state; Bhutan and the Maldives not read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Timeliness<\/td><td>latest values from 2021 to 2025<\/td><td>reference dates in 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Revision<\/td><td>revised by the issuer; not tracked here<\/td><td>revised with each brief<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Method transparency<\/td><td>published methodology<\/td><td>published methodology<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>External validation<\/td><td>not assessed in this edition<\/td><td>not assessed in this edition<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence cards to follow in Q1 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>National inventories and reports to the UNFCCC : emissions on each state\u2019s own basis<\/li><li>Reservoir and river flow bulletins : Indus and Ganges flows<\/li><li>Transmission utilities : cross-border power flows<\/li><li>Reports Foundational Edition<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n51\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r51\" aria-label=\"Note 51\">51<\/a><\/sup> and the global baseline<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n50\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r50\" aria-label=\"Note 50\">50<\/a><\/sup> : method and peer distributions<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.6<\/span><span>Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Editorial self-check at evidence close. Every applicable item carries a disposition; the remaining items are review, approval and deposit.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-tab9\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Group<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Area<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Items<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pass<\/th><th scope=\"col\">N\/A<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pending<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D1<\/td><td>Identity and scope<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>Source and data<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D3<\/td><td>Analysis and models<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D4<\/td><td>Findings and claims<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D5<\/td><td>Figures, tables, maps<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D6<\/td><td>Editorial and citations<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D7<\/td><td>Review and approval<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>13<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D8<\/td><td>Artefact and design<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D9<\/td><td>Registry and release<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication gate<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Conditions met<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close<\/dd><dt>Blocking problems<\/dt><dd>none recorded<\/dd><dt>Open conditions<\/dt><dd>reviews, approval of the exact digest, deposit, registry pointer<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Not applicable at baseline<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>first runs in Q1 2027<\/dd><dt>Maps<\/dt><dd>plates in Q2 2027<\/dd><dt>Waivers<\/dt><dd>none<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Dispositions are recorded item by item in the machine-readable checklist. A FAIL on any item blocks release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.7<\/span><span>Status words<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-tab10\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The status every value carries<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it means<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"positive\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Observed<\/span><\/td><td>Measured directly and published by the source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>Published statistics of an official or institutional source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Declared<\/span><\/td><td>Stated by the body concerned; not independently measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>A Nexus estimate from cited evidence, with its method in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Modelled<\/span><\/td><td>Produced by a stated model from cited inputs.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>Reasoned from cited evidence; not measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Forecast<\/span><\/td><td>A projection by the cited source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Simulated<\/span><\/td><td>A simulation result under stated assumptions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>A conditional statement under stated assumptions; never a prediction.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>Expert judgement, recorded with its basis.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><td>Proposed for a later edition; not yet evidence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Evidence-quality levels (EQL 1 to 5) grade the source behind a value; they are not a score of the subject.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.8<\/span><span>How the edition is made, released and corrected<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">Every edition is built from a sealed evidence cut, reviewed under three keys, signed and deposited before any site shows it as published; corrections go to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> as change proposals and feed the next cut.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Evidence arrives from the pillars<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Foundry seals observations and indicator series, Universe hands over after-action and scenario findings, and contributions are screened at every gateway, including this site&#8217;s.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 The cut is sealed<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">On the cut date the evidence is pinned under one identifier, so anyone can rebuild the edition from exactly what it was built on.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 The edition is assembled<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The edition is drafted from its template and content pack. Agents may draft; they never publish and never decide.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 The keys turn<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">At the publisher of record the truth key comes first: every value is checked against its source or stated method before the meaning and capital keys turn. No edition moves on until every key has been turned by a named steward.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 The gate opens<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A named approver releases one exact digest of the edition; any change after this point is a new version, never a silent edit.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Signed and deposited<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The PDF, the web edition and the data bundle are signed together with a manifest and an RO-Crate description, and deposited on Zenodo with a concept and a version DOI.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">07 Published on its desk&#8217;s site<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Only then does the edition show as published on its desk&#8217;s Reports site, and the Collection lists it as a part.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">08 Corrections go to Standards<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Method and correction findings go to Nexus Standards as change proposals; citations, corrections and new contributions feed the next evidence cut.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of the process, not a forecast and not a record of any run; dates and counts on this page come from the programme record. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/governance\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Reports governance at GCRI Canada<\/a> (2026); Zenodo, repository of record for Reports deposits (2026).<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">Lifecycle, one state at a time: Draft, Computed, Evidence bound, Reviewed, Approved for release, Published, Corrected, Superseded. This edition is a draft.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.9<\/span><span>Glossary and abbreviations<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-tab11\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Series terms<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Baseline Edition<\/td><td>the inaugural annual edition that fixes the reference state for the series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEFH+B<\/td><td>water, energy, food, health and biodiversity, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/governance-in-operation\/national-nexus\" data-tc=\"National Nexus\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The national model: the NNC, the NLC and the NWG as its three participation pillars, with the National Desk, Model and Portfolio and the NSC as the standards function of the NNC (OR-13)\">national nexus<\/a> core<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coupling<\/td><td>a typed dependency through which one system transmits to another<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">Protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>the share of losses not covered by insurance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability ladder<\/td><td>LISTED \u2192 EXISTS \u2192 ADEQUATE \u2192 TESTED \u2192 DEMONSTRATED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EQL<\/td><td>evidence-quality level, 1\u20135<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence cut<\/td><td>a frozen resolution of exact sources and versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NNC \u00b7 NLC \u00b7 NWG<\/td><td>National Nexus Consortium \u00b7 National Leadership Council \u00b7 National Working Groups<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-tab12\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.12<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Abbreviations used in this edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Abbreviation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Expansion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>AFG<\/td><td>Afghanistan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>BGD<\/td><td>Bangladesh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FAO<\/td><td>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GIEWS<\/td><td>Global Information and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning-system\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An integrated system of risk knowledge, monitoring and forecasting, warning dissemination and preparedness that enables timely action ahead of hazards.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early Warning System<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ICIMOD<\/td><td>International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IMF<\/td><td>International Monetary Fund<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IPC<\/td><td>Integrated Food Security Phase Classification<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LPA<\/td><td>long period average<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LULUCF<\/td><td>land use, land-use change and forestry<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NPL<\/td><td>Nepal<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PM2.5<\/td><td>fine particulate matter up to 2.5 micrometres<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UNDRR<\/td><td>United Nations Office for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WDI<\/td><td>World Development Indicators<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WMO<\/td><td>World Meteorological Organization<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IWT<\/td><td>Indus Waters Treaty<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.10<\/span><span>Technical annex<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-tab13\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.13<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Technical annex<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Annex<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contents<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A.1<\/td><td>Indicator definitions<\/td><td>the regional indicator set, with units and sources<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.2<\/td><td>Coupling strengths<\/td><td>the twenty-cell matrix and its rationale<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.3<\/td><td>Scenario specification<\/td><td>SCN-SAS-DRY-01 assumptions and signposts<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.4<\/td><td>Capability placements<\/td><td>rung evidence for fifteen functions<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.5<\/td><td>Model diagnostics<\/td><td>first runs and validation<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.6<\/td><td>Sensitivity analyses<\/td><td>influence of coupling strengths<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.7<\/td><td>Member-country notes<\/td><td>atlas cards for every member country<\/td><td>Q2 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.8<\/td><td>Review statements<\/td><td>pass-by-pass review record<\/td><td>AT RELEASE<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">A.1 \u00b7 indicator definition: emissions excluding land use<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Construct<\/dt><dd>annual greenhouse gas emissions without land use, land-use change and forestry<\/dd><dt>Unit<\/dt><dd>Mt CO\u2082e, using AR5 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 global-warming\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The rise in global average surface temperature relative to a pre-industrial baseline, the headline indicator of human-driven climate change.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">global warming<\/a> potentials<\/dd><dt>Scope<\/dt><dd>calendar year<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>World Bank World Development Indicators total greenhouse gas series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Revision<\/dt><dd>revised by the issuer; not tracked here<\/dd><dt>Known limits<\/dt><dd>the upstream compiler is not stated on the response read; national inventories may differ in basis<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Annexes carry the same evidence, review and correction rules as the chapters and are versioned with the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: National Disaster Management Authority, Pakistan (ed.), 2025 monsoon season reports (death tolls from about 280 in July to about 1,000 at season end seen in news results; the figures conflicted and are not used). NDMA, Islamabad. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n52\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">52<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ed.), publications listing (page opened; one report dated 13 October 2026 on the Gyirong and Rasuwa disaster of 26 August 2026 is listed by title only; its content was not read). ICIMOD, Kathmandu. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r52\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 52\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>S. J. Cook, The August 2026 Rasuwa disaster (blog post, 10 September 2026; ice-rock avalanche, initial volume about 100 million cubic metres; no precise casualty figure). Royal Scottish Geographical Society, Perth. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: United States Geological Survey (ed.), M 6.0 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a>, eastern Afghanistan, 31 August 2025, event page (the page returned no content; reported tolls of 2,217 from officials and higher from WHO seen in search results and not used). USGS, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r44\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 44\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>WHO Health Cluster (ed.), Afghanistan <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> (page dated 2 September 2025; magnitude 6.0 on 31 August 2025; Kunar, Laghman, Nangarhar and Nuristan; no casualty figures stated). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Disaster Management Centre, Sri Lanka (ed.), Situation reports on <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Cyclone<\/a> Ditwah (a toll of 649 deaths by 25 January 2026 and about 2.08 million people affected taken from search summaries of news and ReliefWeb; not used for any figure in the findings). DMC, Colombo. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: India and Bangladesh (parties), Treaty between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the People\u2019s Republic of Bangladesh on sharing of the Ganga\/Ganges waters at Farakka, signed 12 December 1996 (expiry in December 2026 and the absence of a signed renewal taken from search summaries of news reports and an analytic brief). Joint Rivers Commission, Dhaka and New Delhi. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: POST-CLOSE, context only: Institute of South Asian Studies (ed.), ISAS Brief 1428 on the Ganges treaty (12 October 2026; the file fetched was an image-only PDF and no text could be read). ISAS, National University of Singapore. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), India Baseline Edition 2026 (draft pack read for findings CLI-002 and CLI-003: 2026 monsoon at 87% of the long period average; the weather-service statements it cites were read by that edition, not by this one). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS prevalence of undernourishment and SI.POV.DDAY poverty headcount at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP), eight states (no value for Bhutan and Maldives undernourishment; poverty years 2019 to 2024). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>International Monetary Fund (ed.), DataMapper, World Economic Outlook series NGDP_RPCH real GDP growth and PCPIPCH inflation, projections for 2025 and 2026 (database vintage as served on the access date; the country filter was ignored and the full table was read). IMF, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5 total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF and EN.GHG.CO2.MT.CE.AR5, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>P. Wester, A. Mishra, A. Mukherji and A. B. Shrestha (eds.), The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment: Mountains, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a>, Sustainability and People. Springer, Cham, 2019 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; volume not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2025 (series page opened, published 17 June 2026; the page states no South Asia figures). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SP.POP.TOTL population total, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (data service, source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Pakistan (reference date 6 February 2026; cereal output about 53 Mt in 2025; floods affected at least 5.8 million people; about 10 million at IPC Phase 3 or worse April to July 2025). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Bangladesh (reference date 4 September 2026; 2026 paddy forecast 61.9 Mt; 18.1 million projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse September to December 2026). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Afghanistan (reference date 15 September 2026; 13.8 million projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse; about 2.65 million returns by late July 2026). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n51\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">51<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports: The Foundational Edition, Volumes I and II. Reports series, Edition 2026\u20132030, V1.0. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r51\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 51\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-n50\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">50<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition (draft pack used as the structural base of this edition; its text was not read for this edition). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-ca-r50\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 50\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-data\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/\">South Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex B<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Data appendix<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>12 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>7 tables<\/span><span>32 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.1<\/span><span>The indicator set<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Baseline indicator set<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Eight-state population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1,991.3<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>India population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1,463.9<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pakistan population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">255.2<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bangladesh population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">175.7<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>India output<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">3,956<\/span><\/td><td>US$ billion<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Share of eight-state population, India<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">73.5<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Share of eight-state emissions, India<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">83.5<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>India emissions excluding land use<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">4,371.2<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pakistan emissions excluding land use<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">525.9<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bangladesh fossil share of electricity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">97.7<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>India fossil share of electricity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">75.8<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nepal hydropower share of electricity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">98.7<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pakistan renewable freshwater per person<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">226<\/span><\/td><td>m\u00b3<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pakistan withdrawals against internal resources<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">326<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bangladesh mean PM2.5 exposure<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">69.3<\/span><\/td><td>\u00b5g\/m\u00b3<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bangladesh IPC Phase 3 or worse, projected<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">18.1<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>Sep to Dec 2026<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>People affected by floods in Pakistan, at least<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">5.8<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cross-border electricity flows<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>GWh<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat-linked deaths, 2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>deaths<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Final flood toll in Pakistan, 2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>deaths<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-actions nrp-noprint\"><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:text\/csv;charset=utf-8,Indicator%2CValue%2CUnit%2CYear%2CState%2CSource%0AEight-state%20population%2C%221%2C991.3%22%2Cmillion%2C2025%2CESTIMATED%2C%5B1%5D%0AIndia%20population%2C%221%2C463.9%22%2Cmillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0APakistan%20population%2C255.2%2Cmillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0ABangladesh%20population%2C175.7%2Cmillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0AIndia%20output%2C%223%2C956%22%2CUS%24%20billion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0A%22Share%20of%20eight-state%20population%2C%20India%22%2C73.5%2C%25%2C2025%2CESTIMATED%2C%5B1%5D%0A%22Share%20of%20eight-state%20emissions%2C%20India%22%2C83.5%2C%25%2C2024%2CESTIMATED%2C%5B3%5D%0AIndia%20emissions%20excluding%20land%20use%2C%224%2C371.2%22%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B3%5D%0APakistan%20emissions%20excluding%20land%20use%2C525.9%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B3%5D%0ABangladesh%20fossil%20share%20of%20electricity%2C97.7%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B4%5D%0AIndia%20fossil%20share%20of%20electricity%2C75.8%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B4%5D%0ANepal%20hydropower%20share%20of%20electricity%2C98.7%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B4%5D%0APakistan%20renewable%20freshwater%20per%20person%2C226%2Cm%C2%B3%2C2022%2CREPORTED%2C%5B6%5D%0APakistan%20withdrawals%20against%20internal%20resources%2C326%2C%25%2C2022%2CREPORTED%2C%5B6%5D%0ABangladesh%20mean%20PM2.5%20exposure%2C69.3%2C%C2%B5g%2Fm%C2%B3%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B8%5D%0A%22Bangladesh%20IPC%20Phase%203%20or%20worse%2C%20projected%22%2C18.1%2Cmillion%2CSep%20to%20Dec%202026%2CREPORTED%2C%5B17%5D%0A%22People%20affected%20by%20floods%20in%20Pakistan%2C%20at%20least%22%2C5.8%2Cmillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B16%5D%0ACross-border%20electricity%20flows%2CNot%20bound%2CGWh%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B4%5D%0A%22Heat-linked%20deaths%2C%202025%22%2CNot%20bound%2Cdeaths%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B27%5D%0A%22Final%20flood%20toll%20in%20Pakistan%2C%202025%22%2CNot%20bound%2Cdeaths%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B43%5D%0A\" download=\"NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-indicators.csv\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, CSV<\/a><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:application\/json;charset=utf-8,%7B%0A%20%22edition%22%3A%20%22NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE%22%2C%0A%20%22title%22%3A%20%22South%20Asia%20Regional%20Systems%20Risk%20and%20Resilience%20Report%202026%3A%20Baseline%20Edition%2C%20The%20State%20of%20South%20Asia%E2%80%99s%20Interdependent%20Systems.%22%2C%0A%20%22status%22%3A%20%22Draft%20under%20stewardship%20review%3B%20not%20yet%20released%22%2C%0A%20%22licence%22%3A%20%22CC-BY-4.0%20for%20the%20edition%20table%3B%20each%20value%20keeps%20its%20source's%20licence%22%2C%0A%20%22columns%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%22Indicator%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Value%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Unit%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Year%22%2C%0A%20%20%22State%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Source%22%0A%20%5D%2C%0A%20%22rows%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Eight-state%20population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%2C991.3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22ESTIMATED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22India%20population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%2C463.9%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Pakistan%20population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22255.2%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Bangladesh%20population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22175.7%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22India%20output%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%223%2C956%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22US%24%20billion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Share%20of%20eight-state%20population%2C%20India%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2273.5%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22ESTIMATED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Share%20of%20eight-state%20emissions%2C%20India%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2283.5%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22ESTIMATED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B3%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22India%20emissions%20excluding%20land%20use%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%224%2C371.2%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B3%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Pakistan%20emissions%20excluding%20land%20use%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22525.9%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B3%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Bangladesh%20fossil%20share%20of%20electricity%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2297.7%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B4%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22India%20fossil%20share%20of%20electricity%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2275.8%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B4%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Nepal%20hydropower%20share%20of%20electricity%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2298.7%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B4%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Pakistan%20renewable%20freshwater%20per%20person%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22226%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22m%C2%B3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222022%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B6%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Pakistan%20withdrawals%20against%20internal%20resources%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22326%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222022%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B6%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Bangladesh%20mean%20PM2.5%20exposure%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2269.3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%C2%B5g%2Fm%C2%B3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B8%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Bangladesh%20IPC%20Phase%203%20or%20worse%2C%20projected%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2218.1%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Sep%20to%20Dec%202026%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B17%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22People%20affected%20by%20floods%20in%20Pakistan%2C%20at%20least%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%225.8%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B16%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Cross-border%20electricity%20flows%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22GWh%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B4%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Heat-linked%20deaths%2C%202025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22deaths%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B27%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Final%20flood%20toll%20in%20Pakistan%2C%202025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22deaths%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B43%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%0A%20%5D%0A%7D\" download=\"NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-indicators.json\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, JSON<\/a><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOTES<\/p><p>Eight-state sums and shares are Nexus arithmetic on the latest published value for each state and are labelled ESTIMATED; the method is in the technical layer. Output sums exclude Afghanistan, whose latest value is for 2024. The World Bank South Asia aggregate returned a population of 1,692 million for 2025, below the sum of its eight states, and its membership is not stated in the response read, so the aggregate is not used. Rows marked NOT BOUND name the source that would fill them. A machine-readable copy of this table is published with the evidence bundle at release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.2<\/span><span>Regional source register<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Domains bound by the register<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">WAT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ENE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FOO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">HLT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">BIO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">CLI<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">INF<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FIN<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">TRD<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">MIN<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional source register<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Category<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Period<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Population and economy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international statistics<\/td><td>eight states<\/td><td>2024\u20132025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Greenhouse gases<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international statistics<\/td><td>eight states<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>statistics and think tank<\/td><td>eight states<\/td><td>2021\u20132025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>ENE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water and land<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international statistics<\/td><td>eight states<\/td><td>2022\u20132025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>WAT, BIO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Air and health<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international statistics<\/td><td>eight states<\/td><td>2019\u20132024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>HLT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>statistics and agency briefs<\/td><td>eight states<\/td><td>2024\u20132026<\/td><td>monthly<\/td><td>FOO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Growth and inflation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international statistics<\/td><td>eight states<\/td><td>2025\u20132026<\/td><td>twice yearly<\/td><td>FIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>agency assessment<\/td><td>Asia<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indus award commentary<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>legal commentary<\/td><td>Indus basin<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>one-off<\/td><td>WAT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>India edition<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>earlier Nexus draft<\/td><td>India<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FIXTURE PROHIBITION<\/p><p>No demonstration or reference-cartographic fixture is used as evidence in this edition. The publication gate checks every binding against this register.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.3<\/span><span>Regional reading: South Asia by member country<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Map plates for every member country follow in Q2 2027, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form for the 1 member countries named in the series registry.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Selected populations, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/h3><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,463.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>India<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">255.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Pakistan<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">175.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Bangladesh<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">43.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Afghanistan<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional reading: South Asia by member country<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Member<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Principal hazards<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems most exposed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>India<\/td><td>deficient monsoon in 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup>; monsoon extremes<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup>; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.groundwater-depletion\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"Aquifers drawn down faster than they refill, lowering wells and driving land subsidence and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">groundwater depletion<\/a> in the north<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>water, food, health<\/td><td>population 1,463.9 million; emissions 4,371.2 Mt; fossil 75.8% of electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reference: Pakistan<\/td><td>floods in 2025 affecting at least 5.8 million people<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>; low internal water<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>water, food, health<\/td><td>population 255.2 million; emissions 525.9 Mt; fossil 55.7% of electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reference: Bangladesh<\/td><td>monsoon and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">cyclone<\/a> floods; coastal exposure<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>energy, food, health<\/td><td>population 175.7 million; emissions 220.8 Mt; fossil 97.7% of electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reference: Afghanistan<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> on 31 August 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup>; returns of about 2.65 million people<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>food, health, infrastructure<\/td><td>population 43.8 million; electricity access 87.8%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reference: Nepal<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.meteorological-drought\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"A prolonged shortfall of rain against the local normal, the starting point of every other kind of drought.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">rainfall deficit<\/a> in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup>; Rasuwa <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h9\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.flood.flash-flood\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Freshwater inundation\" data-td=\"A fast, violent rise of water in a small catchment or dry channel within hours of intense rain.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H9\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">flash flood<\/a> in August 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>water, food, energy<\/td><td>population 29.6 million; hydro 98.7% of electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reference: Sri Lanka<\/td><td>Cyclone Ditwah in November 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>food, infrastructure<\/td><td>population 21.8 million; emissions 37.2 Mt; fossil 46.6% of electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reference: Bhutan<\/td><td>not bound here \u00b7 no national edition in the registry<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><td>population 0.80 million; hydro 99.99% of electricity in 2021<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reference: Maldives<\/td><td>sea-level exposure: 49% of people live below 5 m<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>water, infrastructure<\/td><td>population 0.53 million; fossil 94.2% of electricity in 2021<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Regional readings summarise the cited evidence. They are not risk ratings of any member country.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.4<\/span><span>Atlas card: Indus basin<\/span><\/h2><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">basin<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">shared river system<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">irrigation and power<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">India and Pakistan; Afghanistan in the wider system<\/li><\/ul><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Systems in view<\/dt><dd>water, food and energy<\/dd><dt>Defining instruments<\/dt><dd>Indus Waters Treaty 1960<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup>; Court of Arbitration award of 31 August 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Couplings<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 ENE; WAT \u2192 FOO<\/dd><dt>Capability evidence<\/dt><dd>a treaty regime exists and is contested<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup>; performance not bound<\/dd><dt>Gaps<\/dt><dd>flows, reservoir storage and project data<\/dd><dt>Agenda items<\/dt><dd>A-03<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Pakistan withdrew 326% of its internal renewable resources in 2022, and 53.7% of its agricultural land was irrigated in 2024 [6] [12]. Basin flow series are not bound.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">WATER<\/h3><p>A shared river system<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The court held that the treaty remains in force, limited work at the Ratle plant pending a Neutral Expert, and India rejects the award [22].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">LAW<\/h3><p>A treaty in dispute<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Source: national water and power authorities. Blocker: not retrieved at evidence close.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">ENERGY<\/h3><p>Hydropower and storage<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Atlas cards are generated for every state from Q2 2027 with consistent fields and evidence-age labels. The basin is shown first because it holds the clearest shared-water coupling and a live legal question.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.5<\/span><span>South Asia system card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The card through which South Asia appears in the global edition and in the sector series. It summarises; it does not rank.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">South Asia system card<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline state<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>internal water 1,014 m\u00b3 per person in India<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>; groundwater study<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>dry-season flow into farming and power<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>fossil 75.8% of electricity in India<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>fuel supply and hydropower in dry years<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>cereal output 391 Mt in India in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>monsoon deficit and heat<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>PM2.5 at 54.1 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 in India<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat and polluted air<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>7.7% of Indian land protected<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>condition not bound<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Context<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Archetype<\/dt><dd>one member edition with a seven-state reference group<\/dd><dt>Population<\/dt><dd>1,991 million across eight states, 2025 (ESTIMATED)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Trade<\/dt><dd>not bound at baseline<\/dd><dt>Hazard<\/dt><dd>floods in Pakistan in 2025 affected at least 5.8 million people<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The member editions (India) and this regional edition share finding identifiers where they read the same evidence, so a correction travels to every edition at once.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">MEMBER EDITIONS<\/h3><p>Same findings, same IDs<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">South Asia evidence enters the water, energy, food, finance and climate sector reports through the same finding identifiers.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES<\/h3><p>Regional evidence, sector reports<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">In the global edition South Asia is read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL FLAGSHIP<\/h3><p>Peers, not ranks<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>External rankings, where cited, keep their own method and source. Nexus never converts them into a rating, and each member\u2019s ownership of its own edition is unaffected.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.6<\/span><span>Licences<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Licences of each kind of material<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Material<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Text<\/td><td>CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data<\/td><td>on the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td>Nexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maps<\/td><td>boundary source and licence printed on each plate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Metadata<\/td><td>CC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Third-party data, figures and text<\/td><td>The source&#8217;s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.7<\/span><span>Formats and provenance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">This edition in every format<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Format<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it is<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Web edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>Draft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Print edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indicator data<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CSV \u00b7 JSON<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>20 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE data release v1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">SVG \u00b7 PNG<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIG-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-*<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slides<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No slide deck is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence brief<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML \u00b7 PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No evidence brief is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dataset with DOI<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DataCite<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>Concept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Provenance<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Edition pack<\/dt><dd>The edition&#8217;s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built<\/dd><dt>Evidence cut<\/dt><dd>NQ-REG-SAS-2026-Q0-1, closed 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters<\/dd><dt>Self-check<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release<\/dd><dt>Review<\/dt><dd>five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>GCRI for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Corrections<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SP.POP.TOTL population total, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (data service, source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD GDP in current US dollars, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, eight states (latest value 2025; Afghanistan 2024). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5 total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF and EN.GHG.CO2.MT.CE.AR5, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS, EG.ELC.HYRO.ZS, EG.ELC.COAL.ZS, EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS and EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, electricity and energy shares, eight states (latest value by state: 2021 to 2024). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, ER.H2O.INTR.PC renewable internal freshwater resources per person and ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS annual freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 mean annual PM2.5 exposure (2023) and SH.STA.AIRP.P5 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 mortality-rate\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The number of deaths in a population over a period relative to its size.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">mortality rate<\/a> attributed to household and ambient air pollution (2019), eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Bangladesh (reference date 4 September 2026; 2026 paddy forecast 61.9 Mt; 18.1 million projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse September to December 2026). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Pakistan (reference date 6 February 2026; cereal output about 53 Mt in 2025; floods affected at least 5.8 million people; about 10 million at IPC Phase 3 or worse April to July 2025). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), India Baseline Edition 2026 (draft pack read for findings CLI-002 and CLI-003: 2026 monsoon at 87% of the long period average; the weather-service statements it cites were read by that edition, not by this one). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: National Disaster Management Authority, Pakistan (ed.), 2025 monsoon season reports (death tolls from about 280 in July to about 1,000 at season end seen in news results; the figures conflicted and are not used). NDMA, Islamabad. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS urban population share, SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS population aged 65 or over and SP.POP.GROW population growth, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS access to electricity, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Pakistan electricity country page (updated 21 April 2026; fossil 45%, solar and wind 22%, low-carbon 55% in 2025; read through a page summary). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Bangladesh electricity country page (fossil 98%, solar and wind 1.5% in 2025; the year was stated in the headline only; read through a page summary). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, AG.LND.FRST.ZS forest area, ER.LND.PTLD.ZS terrestrial protected areas and AG.LND.AGRI.ZS agricultural land, eight states (forest and agricultural land 2024; protected areas 2025). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SP.DYN.LE00.IN life expectancy at birth and SH.DYN.MORT under-five mortality rate, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SH.H2O.BASW.ZS basic drinking water and SH.STA.BASS.ZS basic sanitation services, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS prevalence of undernourishment and SI.POV.DDAY poverty headcount at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP), eight states (no value for Bhutan and Maldives undernourishment; poverty years 2019 to 2024). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, AG.PRD.CREL.MT cereal production, AG.LND.IRIG.AG.ZS irrigated agricultural land, NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS and SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS agriculture value added and employment, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Afghanistan (reference date 15 September 2026; 13.8 million projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse; about 2.65 million returns by late July 2026). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Sri Lanka (reference date 31 August 2026; cereals 5.5 Mt in 2025; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Cyclone<\/a> Ditwah damage to paddy, November 2025). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Nepal (reference date 18 August 2026; cereals 11.1 Mt and paddy 5.7 Mt in 2025, paddy down 4.2%). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>International Monetary Fund (ed.), DataMapper, World Economic Outlook series NGDP_RPCH real GDP growth and PCPIPCH inflation, projections for 2025 and 2026 (database vintage as served on the access date; the country filter was ignored and the full table was read). IMF, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2025 (series page opened, published 17 June 2026; the page states no South Asia figures). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>T. Gamble-Eddington, Court of Arbitration Finds that the Indus Water Treaty Remains in Force (International Law in Brief, 21 September 2026; award and order of 31 August 2026, PCA Case No. 2023-01). American Society of International Law, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>M. K. Roxy, S. Ghosh, A. Pathak et al., \u201cA threefold rise in widespread <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h4\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.precipitation.heavy-rain\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Precipitation extremes\" data-td=\"Rain falling fast or long enough to overwhelm drainage, soils and streams and to trigger floods and slope failures.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H4\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">extreme rain<\/a> events over central India,\u201d Nature Communications, vol. 8, 2017 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>M. Rodell, I. Velicogna and J. S. Famiglietti, \u201cSatellite-based estimates of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.groundwater-depletion\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"Aquifers drawn down faster than they refill, lowering wells and driving land subsidence and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">groundwater depletion<\/a> in India,\u201d Nature, vol. 460, pp. 999\u20131002, 2009 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2009. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>A. Asoka, T. Gleeson, Y. Wada and V. Mishra, \u201cRelative contribution of monsoon precipitation and pumping to changes in groundwater storage in India,\u201d Nature Geoscience, vol. 10, pp. 109\u2013117, 2017 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, VC.IDP.NWDS new internal displacement associated with disasters (2023) and EN.POP.EL5M.ZS population in low elevation coastal zones below 5 m (2015), eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>WHO Health Cluster (ed.), Afghanistan <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> (page dated 2 September 2025; magnitude 6.0 on 31 August 2025; Kunar, Laghman, Nangarhar and Nuristan; no casualty figures stated). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>S. J. Cook, The August 2026 Rasuwa disaster (blog post, 10 September 2026; ice-rock avalanche, initial volume about 100 million cubic metres; no precise casualty figure). Royal Scottish Geographical Society, Perth. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: India and Pakistan (parties), Indus Waters Treaty 1960 (text not opened). World Bank as signatory, Washington. Observation year 1960. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-reg-sas-cb-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-part-references\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cc-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/\">South Asia 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex C<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">References and record<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Every source the edition rests on, the publication record, the corrections log and the open record.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>16 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>0 notes<\/span><span>NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cc-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cc-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cc-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.1<\/span><span>52 sources<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">NR-CIT-1, editor first. A DOI is linked where the source has one; Nexus records carry a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> once the catalogue allocates it (NS-1).<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>DATA VINTAGE AFTER CLOSE: World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SP.POP.TOTL population total, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (data service, source updated 8 October 2026). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD GDP in current US dollars, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD and NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, eight states (latest value 2025; Afghanistan 2024). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5 total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF and EN.GHG.CO2.MT.CE.AR5, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.FOSL.ZS, EG.ELC.HYRO.ZS, EG.ELC.COAL.ZS, EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS and EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, electricity and energy shares, eight states (latest value by state: 2021 to 2024). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS access to electricity, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, ER.H2O.INTR.PC renewable internal freshwater resources per person and ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS annual freshwater withdrawals as a share of internal resources, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, AG.LND.FRST.ZS forest area, ER.LND.PTLD.ZS terrestrial protected areas and AG.LND.AGRI.ZS agricultural land, eight states (forest and agricultural land 2024; protected areas 2025). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3 mean annual PM2.5 exposure (2023) and SH.STA.AIRP.P5 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 mortality-rate\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The number of deaths in a population over a period relative to its size.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">mortality rate<\/a> attributed to household and ambient air pollution (2019), eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SP.DYN.LE00.IN life expectancy at birth and SH.DYN.MORT under-five mortality rate, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SH.H2O.BASW.ZS basic drinking water and SH.STA.BASS.ZS basic sanitation services, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS prevalence of undernourishment and SI.POV.DDAY poverty headcount at $3.00 a day (2021 PPP), eight states (no value for Bhutan and Maldives undernourishment; poverty years 2019 to 2024). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, AG.PRD.CREL.MT cereal production, AG.LND.IRIG.AG.ZS irrigated agricultural land, NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS and SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS agriculture value added and employment, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, VC.IDP.NWDS new internal displacement associated with disasters (2023) and EN.POP.EL5M.ZS population in low elevation coastal zones below 5 m (2015), eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS urban population share, SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS population aged 65 or over and SP.POP.GROW population growth, eight states. World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>International Monetary Fund (ed.), DataMapper, World Economic Outlook series NGDP_RPCH real GDP growth and PCPIPCH inflation, projections for 2025 and 2026 (database vintage as served on the access date; the country filter was ignored and the full table was read). IMF, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Pakistan (reference date 6 February 2026; cereal output about 53 Mt in 2025; floods affected at least 5.8 million people; about 10 million at IPC Phase 3 or worse April to July 2025). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Bangladesh (reference date 4 September 2026; 2026 paddy forecast 61.9 Mt; 18.1 million projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse September to December 2026). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Afghanistan (reference date 15 September 2026; 13.8 million projected at IPC Phase 3 or worse; about 2.65 million returns by late July 2026). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Sri Lanka (reference date 31 August 2026; cereals 5.5 Mt in 2025; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Cyclone<\/a> Ditwah damage to paddy, November 2025). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: Nepal (reference date 18 August 2026; cereals 11.1 Mt and paddy 5.7 Mt in 2025, paddy down 4.2%). FAO, Rome. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Asia 2025 (series page opened, published 17 June 2026; the page states no South Asia figures). WMO, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>T. Gamble-Eddington, Court of Arbitration Finds that the Indus Water Treaty Remains in Force (International Law in Brief, 21 September 2026; award and order of 31 August 2026, PCA Case No. 2023-01). American Society of International Law, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Pakistan electricity country page (updated 21 April 2026; fossil 45%, solar and wind 22%, low-carbon 55% in 2025; read through a page summary). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Bangladesh electricity country page (fossil 98%, solar and wind 1.5% in 2025; the year was stated in the headline only; read through a page summary). Ember, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>S. J. Cook, The August 2026 Rasuwa disaster (blog post, 10 September 2026; ice-rock avalanche, initial volume about 100 million cubic metres; no precise casualty figure). Royal Scottish Geographical Society, Perth. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>WHO Health Cluster (ed.), Afghanistan <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> (page dated 2 September 2025; magnitude 6.0 on 31 August 2025; Kunar, Laghman, Nangarhar and Nuristan; no casualty figures stated). World Health Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), India Baseline Edition 2026 (draft pack read for findings CLI-002 and CLI-003: 2026 monsoon at 87% of the long period average; the weather-service statements it cites were read by that edition, not by this one). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports series registry (subjects.federation.json, entries REG-SAS and IND; region code SAS carried by these two entries only). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>W. W. Immerzeel, A. F. Lutz, M. Andrade et al., \u201cImportance and vulnerability of the world\u2019s water towers,\u201d Nature, vol. 577, pp. 364\u2013369, 2020 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>M. Rodell, I. Velicogna and J. S. Famiglietti, \u201cSatellite-based estimates of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.groundwater-depletion\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"Aquifers drawn down faster than they refill, lowering wells and driving land subsidence and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">groundwater depletion<\/a> in India,\u201d Nature, vol. 460, pp. 999\u20131002, 2009 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2009. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>A. Asoka, T. Gleeson, Y. Wada and V. Mishra, \u201cRelative contribution of monsoon precipitation and pumping to changes in groundwater storage in India,\u201d Nature Geoscience, vol. 10, pp. 109\u2013117, 2017 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>M. K. Roxy, S. Ghosh, A. Pathak et al., \u201cA threefold rise in widespread <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h4\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.precipitation.heavy-rain\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Precipitation extremes\" data-td=\"Rain falling fast or long enough to overwhelm drainage, soils and streams and to trigger floods and slope failures.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H4\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">extreme rain<\/a> events over central India,\u201d Nature Communications, vol. 8, 2017 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>E.-S. Im, J. S. Pal and E. A. B. Eltahir, \u201cDeadly heat waves projected in the densely populated agricultural regions of South Asia,\u201d Science Advances, vol. 3, no. 8, 2017 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>A. Pandey, M. Brauer, M. L. Cropper et al., \u201cHealth and economic impact of air pollution in the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019,\u201d The Lancet Planetary Health, vol. 5, pp. e25\u2013e38, 2021 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>S. C. Sherwood and M. Huber, \u201cAn adaptability limit to climate change due to heat stress,\u201d Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 107, pp. 9552\u20139555, 2010 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2010. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; paper not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>P. Wester, A. Mishra, A. Mukherji and A. B. Shrestha (eds.), The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment: Mountains, Climate Change, Sustainability and People. Springer, Cham, 2019 (bibliographic record opened in Crossref; volume not read; no figure drawn from it). Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Permanent Court of Arbitration (ed.), Indus Waters Western Rivers Arbitration (Pakistan v. India), PCA Case No. 2023-01, award and order of 31 August 2026 (dates and holdings taken from the ASIL account [22] and search summaries). PCA, The Hague. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: India and Pakistan (parties), Indus Waters Treaty 1960 (text not opened). World Bank as signatory, Washington. Observation year 1960. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: India and Bangladesh (parties), Treaty between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the People\u2019s Republic of Bangladesh on sharing of the Ganga\/Ganges waters at Farakka, signed 12 December 1996 (expiry in December 2026 and the absence of a signed renewal taken from search summaries of news reports and an analytic brief). Joint Rivers Commission, Dhaka and New Delhi. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: POST-CLOSE, context only: Institute of South Asian Studies (ed.), ISAS Brief 1428 on the Ganges treaty (12 October 2026; the file fetched was an image-only PDF and no text could be read). ISAS, National University of Singapore. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Disaster Management Centre, Sri Lanka (ed.), Situation reports on Cyclone Ditwah (a toll of 649 deaths by 25 January 2026 and about 2.08 million people affected taken from search summaries of news and ReliefWeb; not used for any figure in the findings). DMC, Colombo. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: National Disaster Management Authority, Pakistan (ed.), 2025 monsoon season reports (death tolls from about 280 in July to about 1,000 at season end seen in news results; the figures conflicted and are not used). NDMA, Islamabad. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: United States Geological Survey (ed.), M 6.0 earthquake, eastern Afghanistan, 31 August 2025, event page (the page returned no content; reported tolls of 2,217 from officials and higher from WHO seen in search results and not used). USGS, Reston. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: POST-CLOSE, context only: World Bank (ed.), South Asia Development Update, October 2026 (a 2026 growth forecast of 6.9% for South Asia and 3.6% excluding India taken from one search summary; not used for any figure in the findings). World Bank, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Charter of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, Dhaka, 1985. SAARC Secretariat, Kathmandu. Observation year 1985. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: H.-O. P\u00f6rtner, D. C. Roberts, M. Tignor et al. (eds.), Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-49\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">49<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-50\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">50<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition (draft pack used as the structural base of this edition; its text was not read for this edition). GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-51\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">51<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports: The Foundational Edition, Volumes I and II. Reports series, Edition 2026\u20132030, V1.0. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-ref-52\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">52<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ed.), publications listing (page opened; one report dated 13 October 2026 on the Gyirong and Rasuwa disaster of 26 August 2026 is listed by title only; its content was not read). ICIMOD, Kathmandu. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cc-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cc-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cc-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.2<\/span><span>Publication record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Title<\/dt><dd>South Asia Regional <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition<\/dd><dt>Series<\/dt><dd>Reports \u00b7 Edition 2026\u20132030<\/dd><dt>Edition<\/dt><dd>Baseline Edition 2026 \u00b7 inaugural annual<\/dd><dt>Version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 \u00b7 draft for stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Publication date<\/dt><dd>October 2026<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>concept and version DOI at deposit<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publisher<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Place<\/dt><dd>Toronto<\/dd><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor<\/dd><dt>Stewards<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 technical truth \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 public meaning \u00b7 GRA \u00b7 capital meaning<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>text CC BY 4.0; data on the terms of each source<\/dd><dt>Copyright<\/dt><dd>\u00a9 2026 GCRI \u00b7 Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Language<\/dt><dd>English (en-GB) source edition<\/dd><dt>Correspondence<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway \u00b7 editorial office<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">DISCLAIMER<\/p><p>This edition is published for research, planning and public understanding. It is not a government assessment, an official warning, a rating, a certification, investment advice or an operational authorisation. Reasonable care has been taken with every source; consult the cited originals before relying on any value.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Colophon<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Format<\/dt><dd>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF<\/dd><dt>Typefaces<\/dt><dd>Space Grotesk (display) \u00b7 Geist (text) \u00b7 IBM Plex Sans Italic (standfirsts) \u00b7 IBM Plex Mono (data)<\/dd><dt>Design standard<\/dt><dd>Reports Foundational Edition, Volume I, Part VII<\/dd><dt>Accessibility<\/dt><dd>tagged PDF and HTML targets; text alternatives for every figure<\/dd><dt>Production<\/dt><dd>Reports editorial team, GCRI<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HOW TO CORRECT THIS EDITION<\/p><p>Report errors, omissions or objections through the Registry correction pathway. Each report is logged and answered; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version, and the original remains resolvable.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Release path for this version<\/h3><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cc-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table C.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Release path for this version<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">When<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Draft<\/td><td>editorial self-check complete at evidence close<\/td><td>October 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Steward review<\/td><td>five passes on the exact draft (keys T \u00b7 M \u00b7 F \u00b7 N)<\/td><td>Q4 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approval<\/td><td>publication authority approves the exact digest<\/td><td>before release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deposit<\/td><td>concept and version DOI minted; registry pointer set<\/td><td>at release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Succession<\/td><td>the 2027 regional edition reports changes against this baseline<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Current version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 draft, stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Previous edition<\/dt><dd>none, first edition of the series<\/dd><dt>Next edition<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2027-Q1-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Latest version<\/dt><dd>resolve the concept DOI or the registry record<\/dd><dt>Correction route<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway<\/dd><dt>Notice types<\/dt><dd>erratum \u00b7 addendum \u00b7 supersession \u00b7 withdrawal<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NO CORRECTIONS \u2260 NO LIMITS<\/p><p>The absence of corrections does not mean the absence of limitations. Limitations and uncertainty are stated where they arise in the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><div id=\"nx-nr-reg-sas-corrections\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cc-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cc-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cc-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.3<\/span><span>Corrections log<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-corr\"><p class=\"nx-nr-corr-sum\"><span class=\"nx-nr-corr-n\">0<\/span><span>correction notices. No edition has been released yet, so none can be corrected; the log below lists each edition&#8217;s current version.<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Version<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Date<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Change<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Notice<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Edition\"><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">REG-SAS<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Version\" class=\"nx-rd-mono\">NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/td><td data-label=\"Date\">October 2026<\/td><td data-label=\"State\">Draft<\/td><td data-label=\"Change\">Baseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition,<\/td><td data-label=\"Notice\">None<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-rd-source\">Notice types: erratum, addendum, supersession, withdrawal. A correction is a new version with a published notice; the earlier version stays resolvable, and no edition is ever edited in silence.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-reg-sas-outputs\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cc-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cc-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cc-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.4<\/span><span>Open record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-os\"><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>This edition&#8217;s open record<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Desk identifier and series alias<\/dt><dd>NR-REG-SAS-2026-BL<\/dd><dt>Collection<\/dt><dd>None<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>Concept and version DOI at deposit, on Zenodo with DataCite metadata<\/dd><dt>Versions<\/dt><dd>Each correction is a new version (isNewVersionOf); the concept DOI resolves to the latest<\/dd><dt>Bundle<\/dt><dd>RO-Crate 1.2 with CITATION.cff, CodeMeta and PROV-O provenance; a signed manifest<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Credit and identity<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>ORCID<\/dt><dd>Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record<\/dd><dt>ROR<\/dt><dd>Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone<\/dd><dt>CRediT<\/dt><dd>Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing<\/dd><dt>Account<\/dt><dd>None needed to contribute; never a password<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Find and follow<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">Search the open indexes for South Asia; software is cited by its SWHID from Software Heritage, and a quantified scenario run is preregistered on OSF before it is run. Annotation is your choice: Hypothesis opens this page in its own viewer.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-nr-os-links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/openalex.org\/works?search=Nexus%20Reports%20South%20Asia\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAlex<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.openaire.eu\/search\/find?fv0=Nexus%20Reports%20South%20Asia&amp;f0=q\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAIRE<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/search\/works?q=Nexus%20Reports%20South%20Asia\" rel=\"noopener\">Crossref<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.datacite.org\/?query=Nexus%20Reports%20South%20Asia\" rel=\"noopener\">DataCite Commons<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/search?q=Nexus%20Reports%20South%20Asia\" rel=\"noopener\">Zenodo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.softwareheritage.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Software Heritage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/prereg\/\" rel=\"noopener\">OSF preregistration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/via.hypothes.is\/https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Annotate with Hypothesis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Mirrors and harvest<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">The DOI is canonical. At release each signed bundle is also given an IPFS content identifier and a bloxberg anchor as mirrors; both are listed in the record once they exist. Zenodo exposes every record over OAI-PMH, and reviews and endorsements can arrive through COAR Notify where the repository supports it.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><figure class=\"nx-nr-code\"><figcaption class=\"nx-nr-code-cap\">InvenioRDM metadata for a contribution on South Asia, prefilled from this page<\/figcaption><pre class=\"nx-nr-pre\" tabindex=\"0\"><code>{&#10;  &quot;metadata&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;id&quot;: &quot;dataset&quot;&#10;    },&#10;    &quot;title&quot;: &quot;Evidence on South Asia for Nexus Reports&quot;,&#10;    &quot;publication_date&quot;: &quot;YYYY-MM-DD&quot;,&#10;    &quot;creators&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;person_or_org&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;type&quot;: &quot;personal&quot;,&#10;          &quot;family_name&quot;: &quot;Your family name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;given_name&quot;: &quot;Your given name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;identifiers&quot;: [&#10;            {&#10;              &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;orcid&quot;,&#10;              &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;0000-0000-0000-0000&quot;&#10;            }&#10;          ]&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;affiliations&quot;: [&#10;          {&#10;            &quot;id&quot;: &quot;ROR identifier of your organisation&quot;&#10;          }&#10;        ]&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;description&quot;: &quot;What it is, where its record is kept and how it bears on South Asia Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of South Asia\u2019s Interdependent Systems..&quot;,&#10;    &quot;rights&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;id&quot;: &quot;cc-by-4.0&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;subjects&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Nexus Reports&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;South Asia&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Regional Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;related_identifiers&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/&quot;,&#10;        &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;url&quot;,&#10;        &quot;relation_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;issupplementto&quot;&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;publication-report&quot;&#10;        }&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;version&quot;: &quot;1.0.0&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;custom_fields&quot;: {},&#10;  &quot;access&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;record&quot;: &quot;public&quot;,&#10;    &quot;files&quot;: &quot;public&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;files&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;enabled&quot;: true&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;parent&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;communities&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;default&quot;: &quot;nexusreports&quot;&#10;    }&#10;  }&#10;}<\/code><\/pre><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-hook\" data-nx-research-hub=\"slot\" data-nx-research-context=\"{&quot;org&quot;:&quot;GCRI&quot;,&quot;site&quot;:&quot;gcri&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;edition&quot;,&quot;subject&quot;:&quot;South Asia&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;Regional Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;]}\" hidden><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-reg-sas-pillars\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cc-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cc-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-reg-sas-cc-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.5<\/span><span>Where this edition sits among the six pillars<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Foundry seals the evidence and Universe tests it; Reports publishes it; Standards takes its corrections and Academy teaches from it.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F03 Sealed observations and indicator series<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F04 After-action and scenario findings for<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F05 National Portfolio movement for chapter<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Applied in editions<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>: applied in editions.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>REG-SAS edition<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Reports<\/span> South Asia 2026, published in every format with its sources, citation and corrections.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F06 Method and correction findings as change<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F12 Q4 synthesis informs the next-year<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Taught in the open<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Academy<\/span> Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>What Foundry and Universe hand to this edition, and what it hands to Standards, Universe and Academy. From the programme spine; REG-SAS is a drafted Baseline Edition, so these handoffs run from its first operational quarter.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Handoff<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Between<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What crosses, and when<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F03<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F04<\/span><\/td><td>Universe to Reports<\/td><td>After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F05<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus Standards to Reports<\/td><td>Nexus Standards: applied in editions.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F06<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Nexus Standards<\/td><td>Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F12<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Universe<\/td><td>Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"academy\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Risk Academy<\/td><td>Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-noprint\"><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Send evidence or a correction on South Asia.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the GCRI <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Evidence desk. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work. Sent to the wrong desk, it is forwarded, not refused.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI Systems Evidence desk<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Regional Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/#nx-sec-routing\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See which desk takes what you have<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The routing table opens the contribution page: what you have, the desk that takes it, how each contribution is reviewed and credited, and the licence.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/full#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><p class=\"nx-note\" data-nr-rights=\"true\"><a class=\"nx-link\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> Free to read. Text and figures: CC BY 4.0. Data: CC0 1.0. Authors keep copyright. Published by GCRI Canada.<\/p><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-reg-sas-full-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-reg-sas-full-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-erisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-reg-sas-full-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/urban-flood\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Urban flood<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/risk-science\/risk-information-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Risk information standards and interoperability<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/data\/identification-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Identification (the UNI)<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script><style>@media print { @page { margin: 20mm 17mm 20mm 17mm; @top-left { content: \"Nexus Reports\"; font: 500 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @top-right { content: \"South Asia Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of South Asia\\002019 s Interdependent Systems. \\0000b7  Baseline Edition 2026\"; font: 400 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Sans\", sans-serif; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-left { content: \"NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE \\0000b7  Draft, not released\"; font: 400 7pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-center { content: \"CC BY 4.0. Free to read. Authors keep copyright.\"; font: 400 6.5pt \"IBM Plex Sans\", sans-serif; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-right { content: counter(page) \" \/ \" counter(pages); font: 500 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #000000; } } @page :first { @top-left { content: none; } @top-right { content: none; } } html, body { background: #ffffff; } nexus-header, nexus-footer, #wpadminbar, .site-header, .site-footer, #masthead, #colophon, .sidebar, .widget-area, .comments-area, .post-navigation, .entry-meta, .page-header, .elementor-location-header, .elementor-location-footer, body > header, body > footer { display: none; } .nxe-host { margin: 0; padding: 0; } }<\/style><script>(function () { var D = document; function hosts(f) { var h = D.querySelectorAll(\".nxe-host\"); for (var i = 0; i < h.length; i++) { f(h[i].shadowRoot ? h[i].shadowRoot : h[i]); } } function reveal() { hosts(function (r) { var b = r.querySelectorAll(\"[data-nrp-act][hidden]\"); for (var i = 0; i < b.length; i++) { b[i].hidden = false; } }); } function say(el, t) { var p = el; while (p) { var l = p.querySelector ? p.querySelector(\".nrp-live\") : null; if (l) { l.textContent = t; return; } p = p.parentElement; } } D.addEventListener(\"click\", function (e) { var path = e.composedPath ? e.composedPath() : [e.target]; for (var i = 0; i < path.length; i++) { var el = path[i]; var act = el.getAttribute ? el.getAttribute(\"data-nrp-act\") : null; if (act === \"print\") { window.print(); return; } if (act === \"copy\") { var t = el.getAttribute(\"data-nrp-text\"); if (navigator.clipboard) { navigator.clipboard.writeText(t).then(function () { say(el, \"Copied.\"); }, function () { say(el, \"CLIPBOARD_UNAVAILABLE: select the text and copy it.\"); }); } else { say(el, \"CLIPBOARD_UNAVAILABLE: select the text and copy it.\"); } return; } } }); if (D.readyState === \"loading\") { D.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", reveal); } else { reveal(); } addEventListener(\"load\", reveal); setTimeout(reveal, 1500); })();<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Report\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/full\/#report\",\"name\":\"South Asia 2026: complete edition\",\"headline\":\"South Asia 2026: complete edition\",\"description\":\"The complete South Asia Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of South Asia\u2019s Interdependent Systems. at one address.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/full\/#webpage\"},\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/#organization\",\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/\",\"alternateName\":\"GCRI\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/#organization\"},\"license\":\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\",\"isAccessibleForFree\":true,\"creativeWorkStatus\":\"Draft\"}]}<\/script>\n\n<!-- nx-rev:039af171ac6ceba4 -->\n<!-- nx-shared:5eb0aa80319e -->\n<!-- nx-path:\/editions\/reg-sas\/full\/ -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The complete South Asia Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of South Asia\u2019s Interdependent Systems. at one address.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"parent":681,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_buddyx_sub_header_visibility":"","_buddyx_sub_header_title_visibility":"","_hide_show_side_panel":"","_buddyxpro_page_sidebar":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_header":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_footer":"","_buddyxpro_page_content_width":"","_buddyxpro_page_header_style":"","_buddyxpro_page_color_mode":"","_buddyxpro_page_loader":"","_nx_seo_description":"The complete South Asia Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of South Asia\u2019s Interdependent Systems. at one address.","_nx_seo_title":"South Asia 2026: complete edition | Reports GCRI","_nx_seo_image":"","_nx_seo_jsonld":"{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/full\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/full\/\",\"name\":\"South Asia 2026: complete edition\",\"creativeWorkStatus\":\"Draft\",\"description\":\"The complete South Asia Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of South Asia\u2019s Interdependent Systems. at one address.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/#website\"},\"license\":\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/#organization\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/full\/#breadcrumbs\"}},{\"@type\":\"Report\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/full\/#complete\",\"name\":\"South Asia 2026\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/full\/\",\"identifier\":[{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"NR\",\"value\":\"NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0\"},{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"NR-alias\",\"value\":\"NR-REG-SAS-2026-BL\"}],\"reportNumber\":\"NR-REGIONAL-SAS-2026-BASELINE\",\"version\":\"1.0.0\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"license\":\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\",\"creativeWorkStatus\":\"Draft\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/#organization\"},\"editor\":{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"Saeed Valadbaygi\",\"jobTitle\":\"Chief Steward and Managing Editor\",\"affiliation\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/#organization\"}},\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/#organization\"},\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/#report\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\",\"name\":\"Reports \u00b7 GCRI\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/#organization\",\"name\":\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\",\"alternateName\":\"GCRI\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/full\/#breadcrumbs\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Reports\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Editions: the Reports catalogue\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"South Asia Regional Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition, The State of South Asia\u2019s Interdependent Systems.\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"South Asia 2026: complete edition\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/full\/\"}]}]}","_nx_i18n_locale":"","_nx_i18n_group":"","nexus_page_kind":"","footnotes":"","_nrp_robots":"noindex","_nrp_edition":"681","_nx_seo_image_alt":"","_nx_seo_canonical":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/reg-sas\/full\/","_nx_seo_robots":"noindex,follow","_nx_seo_schema_type":"Report"},"class_list":["post-1339","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1339","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1339"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1339\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/681"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1339"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}