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3f8CIwreJoKRwHHRNXfc3DNWM71mKy3t5exrop26P5rHHY0mUqm1lVsbKWnnDQTlzxbGV59ZITZ8usdKDHBDQ2iK9F6vfUB0grpmGa91nasCvrC6\/WM5U8ZNsoPOE9M9PzwMr016N2kvY8ZRIAMURhHkVJtB4N1b2Bpu5pnaPicwDWxQ6W04JQ8TcOCpylEWZXqobIrxvvIA0g+9sasM6amltxQL1HJloG6A0S61Ub664U1cqXwJeQqFLw6oWZiOVL1dQX6EzeKferZKHeDeaIhnycb4A2x0HQsQCeYK1i4SkVrsGZl5S4CmlJcX39kfiyGmG6vNsWrwsoV0aS2zbZITV5hLyeNQJXk6oO4qPcEy6krNhbUDDnmsRSf+mf26wvePVfpj1F0ydqrPjgZcyx0Air4vlAmKn3EciYw3pqRbDuy154olvl5p64Tw2oXgVZxmjxWvQwbHYLisLJtn3Z1erc4TLEyQPLFDlfa9IoRQIRBxn3s3hz5EO6cIdL7SnhflkOSfmtg+STpJ7mDuwBNOvFH7Df6mCEHQoizA88oPitjjNQx26tuy9\/RlhBtotD8wCEuvYFBJYNXo7yH586+EGrAtsMHdMjMBGTmW1EP0pYu4h5mVmEjzY+b7cqJzPrmvGFWDaTX7swykGP8f9RDvrZ1aGXbyap2g\/+XkUhOyp5NR3LVU4mA6OdFUZE6ZSjHSHUKJkuqSKXu88WBlUhpFe8CYDRj1THd3C+ZeiJ6hQOxp\/OneL0GSvZhWzbU0RwtIapaJ1YRNV\/GmKqhngj13dv7gFeP1PxQkVqBn5UzWhs3PVbGkFwJegEx8Bfs6CxjxC94FLxZBY4KzlU12fwmw21399wcOVPJSIycKQTrJU\/XCfyUGcdG4CPAUruHEUp2w69ttsTJZJAYgfLtyFdgGHF5pD8aFCTRTWXUZmkMLguEcAgpH7arz8FKV0g1IaIZaI\/acyeYUakBLvrOgNvJAwxRDhfCCL7lXrLflPb6K0n63wbWe7K3WK\/Nr1VH5ZtSiyuXoAU+brZ7e\/P1urL8yJlyNmguU0F8zQL+3neFy\/RDo7GR4edOQVB5aJgPhJB2DwlbVUf8BTvhRuAkWnEQuKSJrCXOfGZj0urGeVRODLMN+\/FzwuAUeMFgVju77pzMCSEL8AhbZDAGeD\/kvT6IXh8q4y7jhFuOkGXOe7zM04DE5QBNnrQCWEjzjPYv2EATI2+fCIGFDRjQMQ0949gA67xUpQ8so+YTG2SCeeV2Hvk08KQOXiGH9Xqb3y\/kF3JMRTmfZ\/EBdWKdV7i0S2SrsSSt7vJorlZjqXZ8rKVw2BOOfXgFisj+cvAjhqHsOMy4dM+9zJo8C0mMV7yxCoWl50\/zFFhcyOUlq82BUFhzBOcBTLkGZJGFJi8GVfaWAKwt\/OOu7adA0JO+V3Q78Em1BlFpolCCcb4J8wEKCxktWMjotqu7NJZIzx\/c5UWyMONWt6JKccy8QJWFCW0dEdHY06d+BlF1s1L46aa2+ragMONrMcujPxlN0HqdvTAgHrcq7HOrUz2SfZS1Wz1dsaPhVFR9p0ni+GEzGo3EuZzj2iwehbIq4UdaKVJn5fJUboUTRwsnjm\/Q5aB2\/HT7oBQXe76F9TaF\/Eqzmt3aTfLdSgiJezzXmLTDxrjrmNVRDyoC3BFFsqVIi9l7cqLVVUZKnkDPfNH\/2xv0\/\/Yse\/DPF7ha5wGB3kLJIceT5K6ulvBwFTWzVF8OLrThEzNRFmcb4X57IPCTig7h\/EmS+\/BaCAJiZfT+jGhOvNL1RmLXzJFXvG4ofkHZnovYO4b4R8FcPNgsOveX1INUFULY+ka+5bP6+63ZI+bf3urlBjfM3t7fHsYwUSvP7fFNc56AhiFslCj8vCQPMjwyszm1LfOhucQvIKasK1iZdpN\/jaOF2W5+s15C\/IfOXswasen88ytuzHm6zKM2ALUqVGkhz0CxOlcW1xTnNwJUpyAS5ClOInAW8cOxpLEPsZ+KXyxxXCp+cioqfk4pS3xXVHYhl\/ogew9pXES+xd6OQDNdNL2nzwg3Y3m4WVV2JC6P9+l2tFmmcc\/zJ0lhrluJRPw8DaRQWVQgBz5jQBAppMDd3FMtoXDIZRk2SWg6iQKvYx+81nIEfwAR5QM7mmaj\/8BFlHuaxbNNWf8D20oV\/B4qvtcrvucVp6z\/ng2emIimk\/bC3bxXMYxaoo8nUpAIbPGcyHWeqWR3+i+sgqRE6PIKOJwO1LPk1ug4m10ZTHyBBwSWoaBTyvWwOXaYAacPZT6S93oB0GDKjG\/C8+ijbtLGK\/XxquBh1LL09433tVn1uNvSx92fD17p6zWHgYJgApqlXConXFrZew9qI21ErYzcfSSt7sec3f+Y5T74CJtF2U3fgwzwcWADkKsInaT++YnQ69dl4S\/XmZlZH4p6Z31WWyZVE6X+6m8wUOX164Jk3kNfQxzv4QzlQHmfAeW9DhSoMYd6eVSqgGi23pA\/02rhxsErK5DeLydk20ugUUyceEyel8zxoFuIq83He6sO2w0JIbBWwWVHDkfYJTdH5CNE3RYqZVrMk97N0fbQ\/2kfKgxdrriZmwHDG11a0WijjLMHoYVbqXcG3WpyrWpKSo13TBz\/xTNUTIst1dGTodUL\/Kwc9A\/1dGmh4\/h+y2oPNCwv9BlhQZ\/xkCH4sP8tX7sKYbWYEXC91ssLzCcH\/pHPpjjkr3zIxS8Axa9Z91W5crkYyzREiDcLaVd5qFbBMTClZw5vU4cl\/lIXcL8DvfrOjh4yUvGd06ufqPlA+9+BwPEECLu4koqsYUNodsiO3mVkcMhk5rB3rD9kIneY\/CnuxXnO+EH3nSp6Nwszszo\/RJe3N5JZxxlr2m7lY\/oEY\/rEjk6zqX5i6qR+YeSU9j+xQdUQEsk\/cZ2yPssFtLhgR1+yWS6yFq8o+cL6C1YpCIumBOdyRXtX9GiWmWJkLd3BVWb1qFey7kihrMb6Gcb6mR19y2b\/mY\/VC81vtP9ZLcMjIygEd2WbTofUA5P8lGqqQzf3aahOMa\/GRJuTCLLSWVRnS8DbMMxZwlBBKyGsHw60e3nWa3iRWXErj4LgQKhkQCAfQSexwiXlnMf2PQV3XJ1VuC5hC79XCKscABZT+bgoZK3j1wBAigtrBDPiM2M\/mETdheCwZupC+x3Dc5IHrEwU0N6vjIh8tVoeWS1uzQATlijQC1kvZCr1eg9BU6iDAm7myf7qKaa5v8Ov4BUORMBlWLQp\/b2uZQbsOih16zgKCSqKa0vANUkAS+jX5de8DGee97hEagShlg1VsBEm94Dgc+qJuYhWOvyd+I0L9RzPK1TKy3X0Bupt+UM5UJF5sXIuqohFi3cGQLJWoa\/IBoALH0vjlPNv8jEK+OEuJ\/l1tSRUqipqTNVXvsR8x8tVhYNbOoa0cAwpHMBwSXceAukyz8vCgauzd0D5JovG44AamY5uR7INnmtjp4oRClSslVgo7jZZVvHwbV68HuWpxH2A+DpysiuPMscPOuJuL7bZZCn5fIUCEpnqnl+bmZ1\/SE8V3LIoccbco+SS0an5mCEQOMIysTpoj\/kpEGe0Jx7EthW\/RcZtPd216pNTtOqE+jr0Ja38rXBZ1x3\/dDuJFqFIZZQps\/d+Y3hVtjzL9O7C8rwL60uUtvABEyWWYbvBsLn1Uu5c8YYvoGXYsS\/3MjzLbwgXDKQqXQ\/kq0oiiA18BBf7NA4ciFbiEbgW8qdxlDCHSxmCpF3S2ttQ+IJzBo4minBOsntVMqh86l1m2cY\/FZw7P\/3omLqfsqXf+9Tb+4319i5pMZ85jPlfNXclTGgSGcdchSNNwqDGgastqhhUl4Z099emD6nIasskzpR3CUqKmjK0PBgA2L8YXv2LVd2tpV+jZW0Ff+kbtz4C7CSOqZM4oUuNaCSC0mJnDFFcMk64IioYtpU6Z4aOWrLo6Sv4lkfuPtkWP6bVTb1zkocfaIkf8uqWbvldRFpbMkQN9tG\/2NOHn4shn3q\/sZrtm23GT6V7VTMEQbLbPSZhWYz8k+282UPS2L0Sf1F3GEvog\/v1lt41p9HQD2ju3gv26xqxOmelEhL2wizzuQg8OGoftHpb7uq0mLBuBMpotJ31vCv8Yyv5ReB6m7DxQbMCPfGMsRVYogkMkV6aqy1c6gemjJJotA9F6ECmSK7JRpU3gjebP5+VAP1PVsiH\/yez2q9BBw7rpW8E2E1vE98b0+IGyd\/LyKPMmW7bGJJT1SafaJWbhyC2PfXD5kRX+etwZkrSSI6ZNfYuf+bHSDD4VZQ4zSgxRG5l95ptvoKD0kbcr\/SpN1FyWPGgKC3MJ+0Eia3w6b98Y4M46P0MPZSi5LSTBOaiWo6o+wwwhAoMiQBDqCjmTzvP809yOiNWryirzvzqCZOl4lfVlWh7I3C6LjC8BVpIanhh6\/cfG0HG13MSpd22IPZmNPE5JdS\/LOKm\/hGPGNE\/c45FiHBgNi5IXtme+Z1lu3W9Fg+iBLT2O8vKVfYrmaU4qei9QgSoG0Nl20BqQuY7PBNpqW3Fj5UBogldpb74zjlhJIFMQ\/xL96ddEvUJw907ap5IoeKv+qs3dksTZ6DYOGNHf2VahTNQbPzF+mdst0whi+ySKk62xIoyhryIUnYXxfUX+NXxmKXra7S2BMrhimW4SMa6h4hNRrXI7XlI9MuamXZ3UZfX6T6povnHIna8qR8OncQy4FwZx8Y\/81\/bT+KNmIdl9Pkp\/CcRzxDX63vZk7Y6u29IESK47ryv1EYCr4f6ZWq3px8vP9yhqi\/8jmOsTIiS6NfdihXmRJ4T8pzSi6YT7V4vfCsV3KDR5e1+pDros1WB1LD5ZUH37Bio6TyUvsTsWZGYFtV87YSIflulKrvlurI6Z1V+B51gdtg\/7dc9Hq9\/RF61esov9ZhmP48ODlvb\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class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><div class=\"nrp\"><div class=\"nrp-wrap\"><p class=\"nrj-draft\" data-nrj-shared=\"draft\" role=\"note\"><strong>Draft, not yet released.<\/strong> In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.<\/p><article class=\"nrp-flow\"><header class=\"nrp-hero\"><div class=\"nrp-hero-grid\"><div><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Baseline Edition 2026<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Complete edition<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 class=\"pp-hero-title nrp-hero-title-l\">Russian Federation Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026<\/h1><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The State of the Russian Federation\u2019s Interdependent Systems<\/p><div class=\"nrp-actions\"><button class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" type=\"button\" data-nrp-act=\"print\" hidden><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 18H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><path d=\"M6 9V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6\"\/><rect x=\"6\" y=\"14\" width=\"12\" height=\"8\" rx=\"1\"\/><\/svg>Print or save as PDF<\/button><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19 12H5\"\/><path d=\"m12 19-7-7 7-7\"\/><\/svg>Edition home<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nrp-note nrp-noprint\">Choose A4 or Letter in the print dialog; running heads and page numbers are added in print. This is a review copy: the signed PDF with its DOI is issued at release.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nrp-cover\"><div class=\"nrp-cover-top\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">RUS<\/span><\/div><span class=\"nrp-cover-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"nrp-cover-k\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-t\">Russian Federation 2026<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-s\">The State of the Russian Federation\u2019s Interdependent Systems<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cover-foot\"><span>Baseline Edition 2026<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><span><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> for the Nexus Consortium<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block nrp-imprint\" aria-label=\"Imprint\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Imprint<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor, the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto<\/dd><dt>Report number<\/dt><dd class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026, cut NQ-RUS-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Status<\/dt><dd>Draft under stewardship review; not yet released<\/dd><dt>DOI and UNI<\/dt><dd>Issued at deposit<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>CC BY 4.0 for Nexus-authored text, tables and figures; third-party material keeps its own licence<\/dd><dt>Cite as<\/dt><dd>Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Russian Federation <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk and Resilience Report 2026: The State of the Russian Federation\u2019s Interdependent Systems (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" aria-label=\"Contents\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Contents<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">\u00b7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-part-summary\">Executive summary<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-part-coupled-system\">Chapter 1. Russia\u2019s risk is thermal, hydrological and informational at once<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-part-findings\">Chapter 2. Key findings<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-part-systems-and-sectors\">Chapter 3. Systems and sectors at baseline<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-part-risk-and-capability\">Chapter 4. Risks and capability<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-part-scenario\">Chapter 5. Heat, drought and smoke in a grain and forest region<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-part-lenses-and-readings\">Chapter 6. Readings from the other desks<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-part-agenda\">Chapter 7. The 2027 agenda<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">8<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-part-systems-in-depth\">Chapter 8. Systems in depth<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-part-methodology\">Annex A. Methodology<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-part-data\">Annex B. Data appendix<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-part-references\">Annex C. References and record<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-part-summary\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/\">Russian Federation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Executive summary<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Executive summary<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The edition on a few pages: the abstract, the key messages, the headline finding and what each steward reads in it.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>17 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.1<\/span><span>Abstract<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>The Russian Federation enters 2027 as a large continental economy whose energy, forest and permafrost <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> are central to its climate position, and whose official data releases have narrowed. Its second nationally determined contribution sets net emissions in 2035 at 65 to 67% of the 1990 level, with removals by forests counted, against a 1990 net base of 2,427.2 Mt CO\u2082e<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. Natural gas supplied 53% of primary energy in 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>, and thermal plants produced 57.5% of electricity in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>. 2025 was the second-warmest year on record in Russia, at +1.24 \u00b0C<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>, and the Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup>. The 2025 grain harvest was 141.2 Mt on the Rosstat series that excludes the new regions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup>. A magnitude 8.8 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> struck off Kamchatka on 29 July 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup>, and the Orsk dam on the Ural River failed in April 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup>. Monthly births and deaths stopped appearing in Rosstat releases in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>, and the latest national emissions total is not bound here. This Baseline Edition fixes the reference state, names what could not be sourced, maps the couplings through which heat, flood, thaw and supply shocks travel, and sets the questions the first operational edition will answer with Foundry evidence in Q1 2027. It ranks nothing and decides nothing.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.2<\/span><span>Key messages<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Six readings that frame the Russian Federation baseline, and the eight questions this edition answers, each with its status and source.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-km\"><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">The 1990 net base is 2,427.2 Mt CO\u2082e and the 2035 target is 65 to 67% of it. The latest national total is not bound here.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Where do emissions stand?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">A magnitude 8.8 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> struck off Kamchatka on 29 July 2025. National losses are not bound.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How exposed is Russia to earthquakes?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Thermal plants produced 57.5% of power in 2025 and gas supplied 53% of primary energy in 2023.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How secure is energy supply?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Grain harvest was 141.2 Mt in 2025 and undernourishment is at the reporting floor.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How secure is food?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Heat-attributable deaths are not bound. 2025 was the second-warmest year on record. Rosstat \u00b7 Ministry of Health<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Is heat now a health hazard?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">A dam built for 5.5 m failed when the river reached 9.6 m.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What did the Orsk flood reveal?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Insurance take-up and public loss-sharing were not bound at evidence close. Bank of Russia<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Who carries the losses?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Heat and drought in a grain and forest region with smoke, power and health strain. SCN-RUS-HTD-01<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What will Q1 2027 test first?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.3<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-BIO-004<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">The NDC reports forest fund land of more than 1.1 billion ha and average removals of 1.2 Gt CO\u2082e a year since 1990, and a peer-reviewed study finds managed-forest biomass uptake 47% above the earlier national inventory.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure S.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-fig1-t\">Forest removals against the 1990 net base (Mt CO\u2082e)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Average annual removals since 1990, as stated in the NDC<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"49.4\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">1,200<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">1990 net base year, with removals counted<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">2,427<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: second NDC<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. The removals value is a national average claim; the 2026 inventory series was not read.<\/p><\/figure><p class=\"nrp-p\">Forests carry the national climate position. The size of the sink changed in successive inventories, with the 2021 value revised from about 505 to about 750 Mt CO\u2082e of removals in a later submission<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>. A sink of this size is also a risk: fire, pests and thaw can turn removals into emissions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.4<\/span><span>At a glance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">146.0<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>population, 1 January 2025, Rosstat preliminary<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">17.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>aged 65 or over, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2,427<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>1990 net base year in the NDC<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,166<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">TWh<\/span><p>electricity generation, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">50.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>forest share of land, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u22642.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>prevalence of undernourishment, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.5<\/span><span>What each steward reads in it<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of Russia\u2019s risk: climate warming and permafrost thaw are well documented, the energy system concentrates national income, and the data environment limits what can be bound.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as a hot summer, a flood in spring or a smoke-filled sky.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Insurance depth and public loss-sharing are not bound, and external financing conditions are described in the NDC as restricted.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>Russia\u2019s climate, forest and energy systems are documented well enough to frame the 2027 agenda, and thinner for health, dams and urban exposure.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.6<\/span><span>What this edition is, and is not<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What this edition is<\/h3><p>A baseline: the state of the Russian Federation\u2019s water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in 2026, the dependencies that connect them, the risks that travel through them and the capabilities that hold them. It sets out the questions the operational series will answer.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What it is not<\/h3><p>Not a national <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/glossary\/risk-assessment\/\" data-tgl=\"Nexus Standards glossary\">risk assessment<\/a>, an official warning or a rating. It decides nothing about any institution or asset. Competent authorities keep every mandate they hold, and national ownership of the series is unaffected.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What comes next<\/h3><p>Q1 2027 opens the operational series with a sealed Foundry evidence cut. Each later edition reports what changed against this baseline, new observations, source revisions, method changes, scenario updates and corrections.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Government of the Russian Federation (ed.), Second Nationally Determined Contribution of the Russian Federation. Submission to the UNFCCC, Moscow, September 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>U.S. Energy Information Administration (ed.), Russia: country analysis brief. EIA, Washington, last updated 24 July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>System Operator of the Unified Energy System (ed.), Operating results of the unified energy system in 2025, as reported by TASS, 14 January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Roshydromet (ed.), Report on climate features on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2025. Roshydromet, Moscow, February 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>The Moscow Times (ed.), \u201c2025 was Russia\u2019s second warmest year on record.\u201d The Moscow Times, 2026, reporting the Roshydromet annual climate report.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>M. Rantanen, A. Y. Karpechko, A. Lipponen et al., \u201cThe Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979,\u201d Communications Earth &amp; Environment, vol. 3, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) (ed.), Grain and wheat harvest 2025, excluding new regions, as reported by Interfax, 24 August 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>U.S. Geological Survey (ed.), M 8.8, 2025 Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a>, event us6000qw60. USGS, Reston, 29 July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Al Jazeera (ed.), \u201cRussia evacuates 4,000 people after dam bursts, floods near Kazakh border,\u201d 6 April 2024; WAM (ed.), \u201cOver 7,700 people evacuated from flooded areas in Russia\u2019s Orenburg Region,\u201d April 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>The Moscow Times (ed.), \u201cRosstat stops publishing monthly population data amid war deaths, demographic crisis.\u201d The Moscow Times, 7 July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: prevalence of undernourishment (SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), Russian Federation: targets and country assessment. Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, update of 30 September 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>The Moscow Times (ed.), \u201cRussia sees milder <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> season so far in 2025 but experts warn against complacency,\u201d reporting official figures through August 2025 via Kedr.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>D. Schepaschenko, E. Moltchanova, S. Fedorov et al., \u201cRussian forest sequesters substantially more carbon than previously reported,\u201d Scientific <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a>, vol. 11, 2021. doi:10.1038\/s41598-021-92152-9. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-92152-9\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1038\/s41598-021-92152-9<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) (ed.), Preliminary population estimate as of 1 January 2025, as reported by TASS, 31 January 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: population ages 65 and above (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cs-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: forest area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cs-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-part-coupled-system\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/\">Russian Federation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 1<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Russia\u2019s risk is thermal, hydrological and informational at once<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Part I describes systems and their couplings. It assesses no authority and ranks no federal subject.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>2 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>16 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.1<\/span><span>The questions this part answers<\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Key questions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Where is the Russian Federation\u2019s risk concentrated, and in which <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>?<\/li><li>Which couplings carry shocks from one system to the next?<\/li><li>Which capabilities hold under compound stress, and which are only documented?<\/li><li>What must the 2027 programme measure first?<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">In this part<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Narrative<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Headline finding<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Lead figure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Five system chapters<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Twelve-domain reading<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Sector screens<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Dependency matrix<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Risk objects<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Capability ladder<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Scenario<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Three lenses<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Portfolio<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.2<\/span><span>The argument<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>The Russian Federation spans boreal forest, steppe grain land, an Arctic coast and a long seismic margin in the Far East. This baseline reads its exposure as three forces acting together: a climate that is warming faster than the global mean, an economy that depends on energy and grain exports, and a data environment in which several official series are no longer released.<\/p><p>The climate layer is the best documented. 2025 was the second-warmest year on record, at +1.24 \u00b0C, and Arctic winter and autumn were the warmest since 1951<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. Over 1979 to 2021 the Arctic warmed nearly four times faster than the globe<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup>, and permafrost temperatures have risen at a global scale<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup>. A diesel tank failure at Norilsk in 2020 released about 17,500 t of fuel, and the owner attributed it to <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\">ground subsidence<\/a>, a cause that has not been established<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The energy layer carries national income and national risk. Natural gas supplied 53% of primary energy in 2023, and Russia supplied 11% of world crude exports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>. Thermal plants produced 57.5% of electricity in 2025, and nuclear and hydropower together produced about 35%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>. The Energy Strategy to 2050 took effect in April 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>. The NDC states that access to foreign equipment, technology and capital markets has been restricted since 2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The food and water layers show weather sensitivity and regional events. The 2025 grain harvest was 141.2 Mt on the Rosstat series that excludes the new regions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup>. Water is abundant per person, about 29,895 m\u00b3 of renewable internal freshwater<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>, yet the Orsk dam failed in April 2024 when the Ural River reached 9.6 m against a design level of 5.5 m<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The information layer limits every reading. Rosstat stopped releasing monthly births and deaths in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>, and the national emissions total from the 2026 inventory was not read for this edition<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>. Where a series is missing, this edition says so, names the source that would fill it and does not estimate.<\/p><p>This edition therefore reads Russia\u2019s risk as a property of couplings and of evidence gaps. The matrix, risk objects, capability ladder and scenario that follow ask the same two questions: where does a shock travel next, and who holds the capability to stop it?<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-fig1-t\">How is Russia\u2019s electricity generated? Shares of generation in the unified system (%)<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Thermal plants produced more than half of 2025 generation. Nuclear and hydropower together produced about 35%, and wind and solar under 1%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>. The NDC reports a 37% low-carbon share for 2024 on its own basis<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Thermal plants<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">57.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Nuclear<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"32.5\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">18.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Hydropower<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"29.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">16.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Industrial plants<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"10.8\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">6.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Wind<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"1.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">0.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Solar<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"0.6\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">0.3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: as cited in the note to this figure. Year 2025.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Figure ID FIG-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-01-003<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,166<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">TWh<\/span><p>generation, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u22121.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>change on 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">271<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">GW<\/span><p>installed capacity, 1 January 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">53<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>gas in primary energy, 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.3<\/span><span>Twenty couplings between five systems<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The Russian Federation matrix types the twenty couplings between the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events; they set the starting graph that the Q1 2027 Foundry cut will test.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-fig2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-fig2-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-fig2-t\">Couplings between the five systems<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Each line is one coupling from one system to another, drawn by the strength the edition assigns. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events.<\/p><\/figcaption><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-ring\" viewBox=\"0 0 340 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Coupling ring: 20 typed couplings between water, energy, food, health and biodiversity. The matrix in the next table carries every value.\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><ul class=\"nrp-legend\"><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"STRONG\"><\/span>Strong<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"MODERATE\"><\/span>Moderate<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"WEAK\"><\/span>Weak<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: this edition&#8217;s coupling matrix (Table 1.1); status Estimated.<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling matrix: from the row system to the column system<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">From, to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">WAT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">ENE<\/th><th scope=\"col\">FOO<\/th><th scope=\"col\">HLT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">BIO<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><b>WAT<\/b> Water<\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">nuclear cooling \u00b7 hydro<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">irrigation \u00b7 rain-fed yield<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">drinking water<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>ENE<\/b> Energy<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pumping \u00b7 treatment<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fuel \u00b7 fertiliser \u00b7 cold chain<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">facility power \u00b7 cooling<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">reservoirs \u00b7 land use<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>FOO<\/b> Food<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">withdrawals \u00b7 nutrients<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">biofuel feedstock<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">nutrition \u00b7 food safety<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">land conversion<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>HLT<\/b> Health<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">labour \u00b7 disease<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">residues<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>BIO<\/b> Biodiversity<\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fire on lines \u00b7 biomass<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pollination \u00b7 soils<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">zoonoses \u00b7 smoke<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"6\">Strength: strong, moderate or weak; a Nexus estimate (status Estimated) from cited evidence and analogue events. The scale is defined in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Transmission paths<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Heat and drought lower yields and raise export and price pressure.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> 2025 harvest context<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h15\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.glacier.permafrost-thaw\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Glacier, ice-sheet and permafrost change\" data-td=\"Warming of frozen ground that weakens foundations, collapses slopes, releases greenhouse gases and reshapes drainage.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H15\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">Permafrost thaw<\/a> weakens foundations, tanks and pipelines in the north.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> Norilsk 2020<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Spring flood overtops a dam and cuts housing and roads.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> Orsk 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">SEI \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">A great subduction <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.tsunami\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A train of long sea waves from a sudden displacement of the sea floor or water column, flooding coasts even far from the source.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">tsunami<\/a> strike a remote coast.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> Kamchatka 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">TRD \u2192 ENE \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">External demand and logistics shifts pass into energy and public revenue.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> 2024 and 2025 growth<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.4<\/span><span>Reinforcing loops<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A shock entering either system of a loop can return amplified through the other.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Pairs of systems where both directions are rated strong<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Loop<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First direction<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Second direction<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Water to biodiversity: flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/td><td>Biodiversity to water: regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Food to biodiversity: land conversion<\/td><td>Biodiversity to food: pollination \u00b7 soils<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"3\">A causal-loop reading of the matrix (Sterman, Business Dynamics, 2000): structural, from estimated strengths, not a measured feedback.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Roshydromet (ed.), Report on climate features on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2025. Roshydromet, Moscow, February 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>The Moscow Times (ed.), \u201c2025 was Russia\u2019s second warmest year on record.\u201d The Moscow Times, 2026, reporting the Roshydromet annual climate report.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>M. Rantanen, A. Y. Karpechko, A. Lipponen et al., \u201cThe Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979,\u201d Communications Earth &amp; Environment, vol. 3, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>B. K. Biskaborn, S. L. Smith, J. Noetzli et al., \u201cPermafrost is warming at a global scale,\u201d Nature Communications, vol. 10, article 264, 2019. doi:10.1038\/s41467-018-08240-4. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-08240-4\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1038\/s41467-018-08240-4<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>S. Rajendran et al., \u201cMonitoring <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h30\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 poll.contamination.oil-spill\" data-tk=\"Pollution and hazardous substances \u00b7 Contaminated water, soil and food\" data-td=\"Release of crude oil or fuel onto water or land that smothers wildlife and shorelines and halts fishing and tourism.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H30\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/poll\/\" data-txl=\"Pollution and hazardous substances\">oil spill<\/a> in Norilsk, Russia using satellite data,\u201d Scientific Reports, vol. 11, 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>U.S. Energy Information Administration (ed.), Russia: country analysis brief. EIA, Washington, last updated 24 July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>System Operator of the Unified Energy System (ed.), Operating results of the unified energy system in 2025, as reported by TASS, 14 January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Government of the Russian Federation (ed.), Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2050, Order No. 908-r of 12 April 2025. Moscow, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Government of the Russian Federation (ed.), Second Nationally Determined Contribution of the Russian Federation. Submission to the UNFCCC, Moscow, September 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) (ed.), Grain and wheat harvest 2025, excluding new regions, as reported by Interfax, 24 August 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: freshwater withdrawals (ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS) and renewable internal freshwater per capita (ER.H2O.INTR.PC), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Al Jazeera (ed.), \u201cRussia evacuates 4,000 people after dam bursts, floods near Kazakh border,\u201d 6 April 2024; WAM (ed.), \u201cOver 7,700 people evacuated from flooded areas in Russia\u2019s Orenburg Region,\u201d April 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>The Moscow Times (ed.), \u201cRosstat stops publishing monthly population data amid war deaths, demographic crisis.\u201d The Moscow Times, 7 July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>UNFCCC secretariat (ed.), Russian Federation: 2026 National Inventory Document and Common Reporting Tables, 1990 to 2024. Submitted 25 June 2026. UNFCCC, Bonn, 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>U.S. Geological Survey (ed.), M 8.8, 2025 Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a>, event us6000qw60. USGS, Reston, 29 July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c1-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP growth (NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c1-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-part-findings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/\">Russian Federation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 2<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Key findings<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Twelve findings carry the baseline. They are grouped by system, never ranked. Each resolves to its source or, where Nexus analysis is involved, to its stated method.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>19 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.1<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-BIO-004\">NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-BIO-004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">The NDC reports forest fund land of more than 1.1 billion ha and average removals of 1.2 Gt CO\u2082e a year since 1990, and a peer-reviewed study finds managed-forest biomass uptake 47% above the earlier national inventory.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 2.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-fig1-t\">Forest removals against the 1990 net base (Mt CO\u2082e)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Average annual removals since 1990, as stated in the NDC<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"49.4\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">1,200<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">1990 net base year, with removals counted<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">2,427<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: second NDC<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. The removals value is a national average claim; the 2026 inventory series was not read.<\/p><\/figure><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Implication<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">Forests carry the national climate position. The size of the sink changed in successive inventories, with the 2021 value revised from about 505 to about 750 Mt CO\u2082e of removals in a later submission<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>. A sink of this size is also a risk: fire, pests and thaw can turn removals into emissions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What would move it<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">The 2027 inventory submission, independent forest inventories, full-season <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> area and any revision of the managed-forest area would each move this finding.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.2<\/span><span>Climate forcing<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\">NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The second NDC sets 2035 net emissions at 65 to 67% of the 1990 level, with removals by forests counted; the 1990 net base is 2,427.2 Mt CO\u2082e.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003\">NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">2025 was the second-warmest year on record in Russia, +1.24 \u00b0C against the reference period, after 2020 at +2.03 \u00b0C.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.3<\/span><span>Energy<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-ENE-002\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-ENE-002\">NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-ENE-002<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Thermal plants produced 57.5% of electricity in the unified system in 2025, nuclear 18.7% and hydropower 16.7%; natural gas supplied 53% of primary energy in 2023.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.4<\/span><span>Biodiversity<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-BIO-004\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-BIO-004\">NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-BIO-004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The NDC reports forest fund land of more than 1.1 billion ha and average removals of 1.2 Gt CO\u2082e a year since 1990; a peer-reviewed study finds managed-forest biomass uptake 47% above the earlier national inventory.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.5<\/span><span>SEI<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-SEI-005\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-SEI-005\">NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-SEI-005<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">A magnitude 8.8 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> struck off the Kamchatka Peninsula on 29 July 2025 and generated a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.tsunami\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A train of long sea waves from a sudden displacement of the sea floor or water column, flooding coasts even far from the source.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">tsunami<\/a>; losses are not bound in this edition.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.6<\/span><span>Food<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-FOO-006\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-FOO-006\">NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-FOO-006<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The 2025 grain harvest was 141.2 Mt, including 91.1 Mt of wheat, on the Rosstat series that excludes the new regions; the preliminary figure in December 2025 was 139.4 Mt.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.7<\/span><span>Health<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-HLT-007\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-HLT-007\">NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-HLT-007<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">17.8% of the population was aged 65 or over in 2025 and life expectancy was 73.4 years in 2024; monthly births and deaths were withdrawn from Rosstat releases in 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-HLT-008\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-HLT-008\">NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-HLT-008<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Heat-attributable deaths are not bound: no national cause-of-death series was available at evidence close. Rosstat \u00b7 Ministry of Health<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.8<\/span><span>Water<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-WAT-009\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-WAT-009\">NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-WAT-009<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The Orsk dam on the Ural River failed on 5 April 2024 when the river reached 9.6 m against a design level of 5.5 m; more than 7,700 people were evacuated across the Orenburg Region.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.9<\/span><span>Infrastructure<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-INF-010\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-INF-010\">NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-INF-010<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979, and permafrost temperatures have risen globally; a fuel tank failure at Norilsk in 2020 released about 17,500 t of diesel.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.10<\/span><span>Trade<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-TRD-011\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-TRD-011\">NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-TRD-011<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Exports of crude oil, gas, coal and grain tie national income and supply to external demand and logistics; GDP growth was 4.9% in 2024 and 1.0% in 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s11\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s11-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-s11-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.11<\/span><span>Systemic<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\">NRF-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The leading compound pathway for 2027 testing is a summer of heat and drought in a grain and forest region, with <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> smoke over cities and strain on power and health services. \u00a79.3<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Government of the Russian Federation (ed.), Second Nationally Determined Contribution of the Russian Federation. Submission to the UNFCCC, Moscow, September 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), Russian Federation: targets and country assessment. Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, update of 30 September 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>The Moscow Times (ed.), \u201cRussia sees milder <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> season so far in 2025 but experts warn against complacency,\u201d reporting official figures through August 2025 via Kedr.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>D. Schepaschenko, E. Moltchanova, S. Fedorov et al., \u201cRussian forest sequesters substantially more carbon than previously reported,\u201d Scientific Reports, vol. 11, 2021. doi:10.1038\/s41598-021-92152-9. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-92152-9\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1038\/s41598-021-92152-9<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Roshydromet (ed.), Report on climate features on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2025. Roshydromet, Moscow, February 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>The Moscow Times (ed.), \u201c2025 was Russia\u2019s second warmest year on record.\u201d The Moscow Times, 2026, reporting the Roshydromet annual climate report.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>System Operator of the Unified Energy System (ed.), Operating results of the unified energy system in 2025, as reported by TASS, 14 January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>U.S. Energy Information Administration (ed.), Russia: country analysis brief. EIA, Washington, last updated 24 July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>U.S. Geological Survey (ed.), M 8.8, 2025 Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a>, event us6000qw60. USGS, Reston, 29 July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) (ed.), Preliminary grain harvest 2025 in the socio-economic situation report, as reported by TASS, 26 December 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) (ed.), Grain and wheat harvest 2025, excluding new regions, as reported by Interfax, 24 August 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: population ages 65 and above (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: life expectancy at birth (SP.DYN.LE00.IN), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>The Moscow Times (ed.), \u201cRosstat stops publishing monthly population data amid war deaths, demographic crisis.\u201d The Moscow Times, 7 July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Al Jazeera (ed.), \u201cRussia evacuates 4,000 people after dam bursts, floods near Kazakh border,\u201d 6 April 2024; WAM (ed.), \u201cOver 7,700 people evacuated from flooded areas in Russia\u2019s Orenburg Region,\u201d April 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>M. Rantanen, A. Y. Karpechko, A. Lipponen et al., \u201cThe Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979,\u201d Communications Earth &amp; Environment, vol. 3, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>B. K. Biskaborn, S. L. Smith, J. Noetzli et al., \u201cPermafrost is warming at a global scale,\u201d Nature Communications, vol. 10, article 264, 2019. doi:10.1038\/s41467-018-08240-4. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-08240-4\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1038\/s41467-018-08240-4<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>S. Rajendran et al., \u201cMonitoring <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h30\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 poll.contamination.oil-spill\" data-tk=\"Pollution and hazardous substances \u00b7 Contaminated water, soil and food\" data-td=\"Release of crude oil or fuel onto water or land that smothers wildlife and shorelines and halts fishing and tourism.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H30\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/poll\/\" data-txl=\"Pollution and hazardous substances\">oil spill<\/a> in Norilsk, Russia using satellite data,\u201d Scientific Reports, vol. 11, 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c2-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP growth (NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c2-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-part-systems-and-sectors\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/\">Russian Federation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 3<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems and sectors at baseline<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>18 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.1<\/span><span>Where each system stood at evidence close<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WAT \u00b7 Water<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">People using safely managed drinking water<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">76.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Renewable internal freshwater is about 29,895 m\u00b3 per person, and 1.5% of internal resources are withdrawn.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>World Bank WDI<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">ENE \u00b7 Energy<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Electricity generation in the unified system<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,166<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">TWh<\/span><p>Down 1.2% on 2024; thermal 57.5%, nuclear 18.7%, hydropower 16.7%.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>System Operator<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FOO \u00b7 Food<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Grain harvest, Rosstat series excluding new regions<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">141.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt<\/span><p>Wheat 91.1 Mt. The ministry estimate including new regions is 147 Mt.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>Rosstat<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HLT \u00b7 Health<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Life expectancy at birth<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">73.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">years<\/span><p>Monthly births and deaths and regional series were withdrawn from Rosstat releases in 2025.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>World Bank WDI<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">BIO \u00b7 Biodiversity<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Terrestrial and marine protected areas<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">8.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">% of territory<\/span><p>Forest covers 50.8% of land. The global target is 30% by 2030.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>World Bank WDI<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SYS \u00b7 Cross-system<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Kamchatka earthquake, moment magnitude<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">8.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mw<\/span><p>Struck on 29 July 2025 at 35 km depth; a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.tsunami\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A train of long sea waves from a sudden displacement of the sea floor or water column, flooding coasts even far from the source.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">tsunami<\/a> was generated. Losses are not bound.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>USGS<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.2<\/span><span>Domain posture<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each of the twelve coupled domains is read in words, not scored. The coupling column names the dependency that carries risk into other <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Each domain read in words, not scored<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Domain<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Posture at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT<\/span><\/td><td>Abundant freshwater per person; spring floods; dam safety shown at Orsk in 2024.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT \u2192 INF \u00b7 WAT \u2192 FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE<\/span><\/td><td>Gas-heavy primary energy; thermal power above 57%; large fossil exports.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE \u2190 TRD \u00b7 ENE \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO<\/span><\/td><td>Grain harvest 141.2 Mt in 2025; undernourishment at the reporting floor.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO \u2190 CLI, TRD<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT<\/span><\/td><td>Ageing population; national health series narrowed from 2025.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT \u2190 CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Forest on 50.8% of land; protected share 8.6%; fire and thaw pressure.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO \u2194 CLI, WAT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CLI<\/span><\/td><td>Second-warmest year on record in 2025; Arctic amplification.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">forcing on all systems<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF<\/span><\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h15\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.glacier.permafrost-thaw\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Glacier, ice-sheet and permafrost change\" data-td=\"Warming of frozen ground that weakens foundations, collapses slopes, releases greenhouse gases and reshapes drainage.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H15\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">Permafrost thaw<\/a> reaches northern infrastructure; condition not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2192 ENE, all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN<\/span><\/td><td>GDP growth 4.9% in 2024 and 1.0% in 2025; insurance depth not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN \u2190 SEI, CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT<\/span><\/td><td>Official demographic and cause-of-death series withdrawn or limited.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT \u2192 HLT, all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC<\/span><\/td><td>Compute and data-centre demand for power and water not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC \u2192 ENE, WAT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN<\/span><\/td><td>Mineral and metal supply not bound in this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN \u2190 TRD<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD<\/span><\/td><td>Energy and grain exports; logistics and external demand as couplings.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.3<\/span><span>Sector screens<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">All sixteen sectors are screened on the same grammar, so that later editions can say what changed. The evidence column describes coverage of the baseline evidence, not the performance of the sector.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Sectors: baseline evidence and the exposure to watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Code<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Sector<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Exposure to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-00<\/span><\/td><td>Cross-system<\/td><td>compound heat, drought and smoke stress<\/td><td>summer heat in a grain and forest region<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-01<\/span><\/td><td>Water<\/td><td>flood and dam safety at Orsk<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>spring floods; reservoir storage not bound<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-02<\/span><\/td><td>Energy<\/td><td>thermal 57.5% of power<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>cold extremes; export disruption<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-03<\/span><\/td><td>Food<\/td><td>grain harvest 141.2 Mt<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>weather; inputs; logistics<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-04<\/span><\/td><td>Health<\/td><td>ageing; data limits<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat; series not released<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-05<\/span><\/td><td>Finance<\/td><td>GDP growth 1.0% in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>export revenue; insurance not bound<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-06<\/span><\/td><td>Development<\/td><td>federal districts differ in climate and exposure<\/td><td>remote and northern service delivery<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-07<\/span><\/td><td>Climate<\/td><td>second-warmest year in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h15\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.glacier.permafrost-thaw\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Glacier, ice-sheet and permafrost change\" data-td=\"Warming of frozen ground that weakens foundations, collapses slopes, releases greenhouse gases and reshapes drainage.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H15\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">permafrost thaw<\/a><\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-08<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster<\/td><td>federal emergency regime used at Orsk<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup>; Sendai reporting not reviewed<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n44\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-r44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a>; flood; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a><\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-09<\/span><\/td><td>Infrastructure<\/td><td>permafrost exposure not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>thaw; dam condition<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-10<\/span><\/td><td>Cities<\/td><td>urban data not bound<\/td><td>heat and smoke exposure<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-11<\/span><\/td><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>forest 50.8% of land<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>fire; thaw; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-12<\/span><\/td><td>Earth observation<\/td><td>national climate reporting exists<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>access to underlying data<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-13<\/span><\/td><td>Cyber and digital<\/td><td>dependencies not bound<\/td><td>systemic outages<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-14<\/span><\/td><td>Policy<\/td><td>Climate Doctrine 2023 and adaptation plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>implementation evidence<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-15<\/span><\/td><td>Science<\/td><td>peer-reviewed forest and permafrost work<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>translation to regions<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: people using safely managed drinking water services (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>System Operator of the Unified Energy System (ed.), Operating results of the unified energy system in 2025, as reported by TASS, 14 January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) (ed.), Grain and wheat harvest 2025, excluding new regions, as reported by Interfax, 24 August 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: life expectancy at birth (SP.DYN.LE00.IN), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>The Moscow Times (ed.), \u201cRosstat stops publishing monthly population data amid war deaths, demographic crisis.\u201d The Moscow Times, 7 July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: forest area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: terrestrial and marine protected areas (ER.PTD.TOTL.ZS), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>U.S. Geological Survey (ed.), M 8.8, 2025 Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a>, event us6000qw60. USGS, Reston, 29 July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Al Jazeera (ed.), \u201cRussia evacuates 4,000 people after dam bursts, floods near Kazakh border,\u201d 6 April 2024; WAM (ed.), \u201cOver 7,700 people evacuated from flooded areas in Russia\u2019s Orenburg Region,\u201d April 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: population ages 65 and above (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP growth (NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Roshydromet (ed.), Report on climate features on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2025. Roshydromet, Moscow, February 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>The Moscow Times (ed.), \u201c2025 was Russia\u2019s second warmest year on record.\u201d The Moscow Times, 2026, reporting the Roshydromet annual climate report.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-n44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-r44\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 44\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>B. K. Biskaborn, S. L. Smith, J. Noetzli et al., \u201cPermafrost is warming at a global scale,\u201d Nature Communications, vol. 10, article 264, 2019. doi:10.1038\/s41467-018-08240-4. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-08240-4\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1038\/s41467-018-08240-4<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>President of the Russian Federation (ed.), Climate Doctrine of the Russian Federation, Decree No. 812 of 26 October 2023. Moscow, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>Government of the Russian Federation (ed.), National Action Plan for the first stage of adaptation to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">climate change<\/a> up to 2025, Order No. 559-r of 11 March 2023. Moscow, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c3-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>D. Schepaschenko, E. Moltchanova, S. Fedorov et al., \u201cRussian forest sequesters substantially more carbon than previously reported,\u201d Scientific Reports, vol. 11, 2021. doi:10.1038\/s41598-021-92152-9. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-92152-9\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1038\/s41598-021-92152-9<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c3-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-part-risk-and-capability\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/\">Russian Federation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 4<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Risks and capability<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Four risk objects open the portfolio. Order carries no rank. Each is read across driver, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, cascade and consequence.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>3 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>9 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.1<\/span><span>Risk objects<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each risk is read across the chain from hazard to consequence, with its status and evidence-quality level.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-RUS-CLI-001<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Heat, drought and wildfire in grain and forest regions<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>record-warm years and seasonal extremes<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>grain land, forest, cities downwind of smoke<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>sink loss and crop loss in the same season<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">forest fire<\/a> monitoring; not reviewed in depth<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 FOO, BIO, HLT, ENE<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>annual<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-RUS-WAT-002<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Spring flood and dam failure on regulated rivers<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>snowmelt and rain on frozen ground<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>river towns below dams<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>design levels below event levels, as at Orsk<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>federal emergency regime; evacuation<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 INF, HLT<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>annual<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-RUS-INF-003<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Permafrost thaw under northern infrastructure<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>ground warming and Arctic amplification<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>northern industry, pipelines, housing<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>foundation design; monitoring coverage<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>operator monitoring <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> reported in the NDC<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 INF \u2192 ENE, BIO<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>5 to 30 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-RUS-ENE-004<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Cold extremes and export dependence of the energy system<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>temperature extremes; external demand and logistics<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>power, heat supply, fossil exports<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>gas-heavy supply; northern heat supply<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>large installed base of 271 GW<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c4-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>TRD \u2192 ENE \u2192 FIN<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1 to 5 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.2<\/span><span>Capability ladder<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Existence is not readiness. Each of the fifteen capability functions is placed on the ladder by the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 4.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Capabilities on the ladder of evidence: listed, exists, demonstrated, tested<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Function<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rung<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Level<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Strongest public evidence at baseline<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Prevention and mitigation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: sector registers and inspection records \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoring and observation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>national hydrometeorological service publishes an annual climate report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c4-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: Roshydromet and civil-protection operating records \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preparedness and planning<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: civil-protection plans and drill records \u00b7 blocker: not published in bound form<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Redundancy and reserves<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: fuel, grain and water reserve registers \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Response<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>federal emergency regime declared for the Orenburg flood in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c4-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup>; performance not assessed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Continuity of critical services<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: utility restoration records \u00b7 blocker: not published in bound form<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recovery<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: recovery programme reports for the Orenburg Region \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adaptation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>National Action Plan for adaptation, March 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c4-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup>; Climate Doctrine, 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c4-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup>; use in practice not reviewed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Social protection<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: national social statistics \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance and insurance<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>sustainable-finance bond issuance is reported in the NDC<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c4-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>; disaster insurance take-up not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Institutional coordination<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>Federal Law 296-FZ on limiting emissions, 2021<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c4-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup>; coordination evidence not reviewed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Technical infrastructure<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>installed power capacity of 271 GW at 1 January 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c4-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>; condition of assets not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Workforce<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: sector workforce registers \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Research capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>peer-reviewed forest carbon and permafrost literature includes national data and authors<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c4-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c4-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"4\">A capability listed in policy is not a tested one; each rung is the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>System Operator of the Unified Energy System (ed.), Operating results of the unified energy system in 2025, as reported by TASS, 14 January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c4-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Roshydromet (ed.), Report on climate features on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2025. Roshydromet, Moscow, February 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c4-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Al Jazeera (ed.), \u201cRussia evacuates 4,000 people after dam bursts, floods near Kazakh border,\u201d 6 April 2024; WAM (ed.), \u201cOver 7,700 people evacuated from flooded areas in Russia\u2019s Orenburg Region,\u201d April 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c4-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>Government of the Russian Federation (ed.), National Action Plan for the first stage of adaptation to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">climate change<\/a> up to 2025, Order No. 559-r of 11 March 2023. Moscow, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c4-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>President of the Russian Federation (ed.), Climate Doctrine of the Russian Federation, Decree No. 812 of 26 October 2023. Moscow, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c4-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Government of the Russian Federation (ed.), Second Nationally Determined Contribution of the Russian Federation. Submission to the UNFCCC, Moscow, September 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c4-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>Government of the Russian Federation (ed.), Federal Law No. 296-FZ of 2 July 2021 on Limiting Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Moscow, 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c4-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>B. K. Biskaborn, S. L. Smith, J. Noetzli et al., \u201cPermafrost is warming at a global scale,\u201d Nature Communications, vol. 10, article 264, 2019. doi:10.1038\/s41467-018-08240-4. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-08240-4\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1038\/s41467-018-08240-4<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c4-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c4-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>D. Schepaschenko, E. Moltchanova, S. Fedorov et al., \u201cRussian forest sequesters substantially more carbon than previously reported,\u201d Scientific Reports, vol. 11, 2021. doi:10.1038\/s41598-021-92152-9. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-92152-9\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1038\/s41598-021-92152-9<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c4-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-part-scenario\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c5-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/\">Russian Federation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 5<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Heat, drought and smoke in a grain and forest region<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">A conditional statement under stated assumptions, never a prediction.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>2 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>3 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c5-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c5-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c5-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.1<\/span><span>Assumptions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Scenario SCN-RUS-HTD-01: what is assumed, and what is held constant.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Baseline<\/dt><dd>the 2026 reference state in this edition<\/dd><dt>Drivers<\/dt><dd>a summer with persistent heat and low rainfall over a grain-growing federal district, followed by regional <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> in forest areas<\/dd><dt>Analogues<\/dt><dd>the 2010 summer heat in western Russia<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c5-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c5-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup>; the 2025 spring fire season<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c5-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c5-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Interventions<\/dt><dd>none modelled; the specification describes the unmitigated case<\/dd><dt>Run state<\/dt><dd>narrative specification; quantified Foundry run scheduled for Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c5-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c5-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c5-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.2<\/span><span>The cascade, step by step<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">heat and drought cut yields in the grain belt<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">analogue 2010<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c5-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 BIO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">forest fire<\/a> area grows; removals fall<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">season 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c5-n27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">BIO \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">smoke reaches cities and raises respiratory demand<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">not quantified<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 ENE<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">cooling demand raises peak load<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">not quantified<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">FOO \u2192 TRD<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">harvest and export outlook change<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">harvest scale<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c5-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c5-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">TRD \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">revenue and prices respond<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">not quantified<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c5-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c5-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c5-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.3<\/span><span>The scenario as a table of steps<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">How the shock in scenario SCN-RUS-HTD-01 would travel through Russian Federation&#8217;s coupled <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, step by step, under the assumptions the edition states.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Climate to food<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Heat and drought cut yields in the grain belt. Analogue or source: analogue 2010 [28].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition RUS, scenario SCN-RUS-HTD-01, step 1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 Climate to biodiversity<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Forest fire<\/a> area grows; removals fall. Analogue or source: season 2025 [27].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition RUS, scenario SCN-RUS-HTD-01, step 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 Biodiversity to health<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Smoke reaches cities and raises respiratory demand. Analogue or source: not quantified.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition RUS, scenario SCN-RUS-HTD-01, step 3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 Climate to energy<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Cooling demand raises peak load. Analogue or source: not quantified.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition RUS, scenario SCN-RUS-HTD-01, step 4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 Food to trade<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Harvest and export outlook change. Analogue or source: harvest scale [22].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition RUS, scenario SCN-RUS-HTD-01, step 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Trade to finance<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Revenue and prices respond. Analogue or source: not quantified.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition RUS, scenario SCN-RUS-HTD-01, step 6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of a conditional scenario under the edition&#8217;s stated assumptions: not a forecast, not a prediction and not a warning. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/scenario\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Russian Federation 2026, scenario SCN-RUS-HTD-01<\/a> (2026); Russian Federation 2026, references (NR-CIT-1) (2026).<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c5-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c5-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c5-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c5-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>D. Barriopedro, E. M. Fischer, J. Luterbacher, R. M. Trigo and R. Garc\u00eda-Herrera, \u201cThe hot summer of 2010: redrawing the temperature record map of Europe,\u201d Science, vol. 332, pp. 220\u2013224, 2011. doi:10.1126\/science.1201224. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1201224\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1126\/science.1201224<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c5-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c5-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>The Moscow Times (ed.), \u201cRussia sees milder <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> season so far in 2025 but experts warn against complacency,\u201d reporting official figures through August 2025 via Kedr.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c5-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c5-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) (ed.), Grain and wheat harvest 2025, excluding new regions, as reported by Interfax, 24 August 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c5-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-part-lenses-and-readings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/\">Russian Federation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 6<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Readings from the other desks<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The baseline is read through each steward\u2019s lens, then once as a whole. Each lens is a projection of reviewed findings, not a separate argument. The other desks&#8217; own editions of this subject are listed first, as cross-references, not copies.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>12 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>8 tables<\/span><span>34 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.1<\/span><span>The other desks&#8217; editions of this subject<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Federation: each desk writes its own edition for the subjects in its remit. Until a desk releases, its edition shows its frame and the reading this edition printed for it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Desk<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-host=\"true\"><th scope=\"row\">GCRI Systems Evidence<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRF Public Deliberation<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRA Capital Readiness<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Standards Progress<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Academy Capability<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Index Measurement<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.2<\/span><span>Three lenses<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">One edition, read by each steward. The lens of this site comes first.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\" data-host=\"true\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of Russia\u2019s risk: climate warming and permafrost thaw are well documented, the energy system concentrates national income, and the data environment limits what can be bound. Evidence is strongest for targets, power mix and climate, and weakest for health, dams and insurance.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-001 \u00b7 CLI-003 \u00b7 HLT-008 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRF \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as a hot summer, a flood in spring or a smoke-filled sky. The baseline asks that public debate weigh how narrower official releases change what citizens, researchers and local authorities can know about these risks.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">HLT-007 \u00b7 HLT-008 \u00b7 WAT-009<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRA \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Insurance depth and public loss-sharing are not bound, and external financing conditions are described in the NDC as restricted<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. These show where finance-readiness evidence will matter. Nothing here is advice, a rating or an endorsement.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">TRD-011 \u00b7 WAT-009<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>Russia\u2019s climate, forest and energy systems are documented well enough to frame the 2027 agenda, and thinner for health, dams and urban exposure. The 2027 programme should map the heat, drought and smoke pathway, bind the 2026 inventory series and register what is not released.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">SYS-012 \u00b7 A-01 \u00b7 A-04<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.3<\/span><span>Standards, Academy and steward contributions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">How the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> drafts, the Risk Academy and the three stewards feed each quarterly edition for the Russian Federation. The standards are preparatory working drafts (October 2026) and are cited as drafts, never as adopted standards.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The quarterly rhythm every edition follows<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Quarter<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Boundary<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Q1<\/td><td>State and Agenda<\/td><td>What matters this year, and what is the starting position?<\/td><td>observed baseline stays distinct from planned work<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q2<\/td><td>Evidence and Build<\/td><td>What new evidence and capability have been developed?<\/td><td>a configured capability is not a validated result<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q3<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stress Test<\/a> and Readiness<\/td><td>What do scenarios and tests reveal?<\/td><td>simulated loss or performance is not observed impact<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q4<\/td><td>Annual Synthesis and Renewal<\/td><td>What did the year establish, and what changes next?<\/td><td>release follows review, not event publicity deadlines<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Who contributes what each quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Steward or body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contribution route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GCRI Canada<\/td><td>Lead Institution and Consortium Secretariat; publisher of record; technical truth (key T)<\/td><td>science and practice communities \u00b7 GCRI gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Forum (GRF)<\/td><td>leadership, dialogue and the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> programme; public meaning (key M)<\/td><td>policy, Universe and national adoption \u00b7 GRF gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)<\/td><td>finance, insurance and development readiness; capital meaning (key F)<\/td><td>finance and insurance \u00b7 GRA gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nexus Standards<\/td><td>preparatory drafts on vocabulary, hazards, indicators and methods<\/td><td>Standards site \u00b7 working groups HAZ, IND, MTH, FIN, AI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk Academy<\/td><td>learning pathways tied to the agenda questions<\/td><td>Academy gateway \u00b7 learning by review<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Russian Federation<\/td><td>national pathway: Desk, Leadership Council, Consortium, Working Groups<\/td><td>national Commons room<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards drafts used in this edition<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Risk vocabulary NRS-C1 (424 terms) for terms in the glossary<\/li><li>Hazard atlas NHS-1 1.1.0 (905 hazards in 120 families) for risk objects<\/li><li>Seven risk classes: global, catastrophic, existential, emerging, planetary, exponential, frontier-tech<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards calendar to watch<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Founding calls from 20 October 2026; working groups meet from 5 November 2026<\/li><li>Inaugural Global Standards Council session, 12 January 2027<\/li><li>Quarterly reviews in March, June, September and December, aligned with each edition<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Nothing here certifies. A Nexus attestation records an evaluation under a mandate; it confers no certification, endorsement or approval. National adoption of any standard is a decision of the national standards council.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.4<\/span><span>GCRI reading: the model card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-p\">GCRI&#8217;s reading of this edition is its model card: what the national model is, what it computes and where it stops. It is printed in full in Annex A, with the methods it belongs to. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/methodology\/\">Annex A, methodology<\/a><\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.5<\/span><span>Global Risks Forum reading: editorial essays<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Four signed essays by the Reports editorial team set out the positions this edition takes. They are interpretation, labelled as such; the evidence they draw on is in the findings register.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The national climate target counts forest removals, and the size of the sink has been revised between inventories. The baseline treats the forest as a stock that can lose carbon to fire and thaw, not as a fixed credit.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 01<\/h3><p>Forests are both the target and the risk<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Arctic warming has run nearly four times the global rate since 1979, and permafrost has warmed worldwide. For infrastructure in the north, the question is monitoring and design, not a single number.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 02<\/h3><p>The Arctic is where warming shows first<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Gas, oil, coal and power connect domestic supply to export demand. Resilience here is a question about routes, stocks and cold weather as much as about volumes.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 03<\/h3><p>Energy is the national income and the national risk<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Several official series on births, deaths and causes were withdrawn in 2025. This edition marks each gap with the source that would fill it, and does not estimate.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 04<\/h3><p>What cannot be seen cannot be managed<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Essays are signed views of the editorial team. Contributed articles from working groups, consortium institutions and invited experts begin with the Q1 2027 edition, each with its own review route and disclosures.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.6<\/span><span>Global Risks Alliance reading: q1 2027 readiness pack<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The registers that open the first operational quarter. At baseline each is initialised from this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Q1 2027 readiness pack<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Register<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First Q1 2027 entry<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>E1<\/td><td>National risk state delta<\/td><td>baseline set by this edition<\/td><td>changes against the baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E2<\/td><td>WEFH+B state delta<\/td><td>five system readings set<\/td><td>indicator updates and freshness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E3<\/td><td>Agenda and Portfolio movement<\/td><td>eight agenda items \u00b7 7 proposed objects<\/td><td>admission decisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E4<\/td><td>NWG delivery register<\/td><td>no groups yet<\/td><td>first monthly outputs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E5<\/td><td>NNC capability register<\/td><td>membership opens in Q1 2027<\/td><td>first contributions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E6<\/td><td>NLC questions and challenges<\/td><td>none yet<\/td><td>first challenge log<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E7<\/td><td>Foundry technical state<\/td><td>environment prepared<\/td><td>first sealed cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E8<\/td><td>Publication candidates<\/td><td>twelve findings carried forward<\/td><td>PUBLISH \u00b7 HOLD dispositions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E9<\/td><td>Universe readiness<\/td><td>one candidate mission<\/td><td>admission and role spine<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E10<\/td><td>Correction register<\/td><td>none<\/td><td>first correction cycle<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication dispositions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Publish<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hold<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Needs evidence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Restricted<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Superseded<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Programme progress is not real-world risk improvement. These registers record the work of the Nexus programme; they report on no public authority.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.7<\/span><span>Nexus Standards reading: standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Instruments that shape the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in this edition, by status on the retrieval date. The edition assesses no one\u2019s compliance.<\/p><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">IN FORCE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ADOPTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SUBMITTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">UNDER REVIEW<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instrument<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Scope<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Relevance<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n46\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Note 46\">46<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 second NDC, 65 to 67% of 1990 by 2035<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNFCCC \u00b7 Russian Federation<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>SUBMITTED 2025<\/td><td>emissions pathway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Federal Law No. 296-FZ on Limiting Greenhouse Gas Emissions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Russian Federation<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2021<\/td><td>emissions framework<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Federal Law No. 34-FZ, Sakhalin emissions experiment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Russian Federation<\/td><td>regional experiment<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2022<\/td><td>emissions limits trial<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate Doctrine, Decree No. 812<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>President of the Russian Federation<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2023<\/td><td>climate policy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National Action Plan for adaptation, Order No. 559-r<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Government of the Russian Federation<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2023<\/td><td>adaptation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy Strategy to 2050, Order No. 908-r<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Government of the Russian Federation<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>IN EFFECT 2025<\/td><td>energy pathway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food Security Doctrine, Decree No. 20<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>President of the Russian Federation<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2020<\/td><td>food thresholds<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kunming-Montreal Framework<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n45\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CBD<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2022<\/td><td>30by30<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Changed since 2024<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Russia submitted its second NDC in September 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The Energy Strategy to 2050 took effect in April 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The 2026 inventory submission was filed on 25 June 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">To watch in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>The 2027 inventory submission and its net emissions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Implementation evidence for the adaptation plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Release of demographic and cause-of-death series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Status is read from the issuing body on the retrieval date. A change in status opens a review task for every finding that relies on the instrument.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.8<\/span><span>Risk Academy reading: literature and evidence review, science and assessments<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The review behind this edition covers peer-reviewed science, national and international assessments and the institutional reports that bind its findings. Full systematic reviews begin in Q1 2027 for each agenda item.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Review protocol<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Question<\/dt><dd>What does the published evidence establish about the Russian Federation\u2019s coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity risks?<\/dd><dt>Sources searched<\/dt><dd>peer-reviewed literature; national and international assessments; official releases; industry loss data<\/dd><dt>Window<\/dt><dd>releases available at evidence close, 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Selection<\/dt><dd>sources that bind or contextualise a finding in this edition<\/dd><dt>Next step<\/dt><dd>systematic reviews for agenda items A-01 to A-05 in Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Science and assessments<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Lee and Romero (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>forcing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>McElwee et al. (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>nexus interlinkages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zscheischler et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>compound events<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rantanen et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>Arctic amplification<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biskaborn et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2019<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>permafrost warming<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Institutional reports<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Roshydromet Third Assessment Report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Roshydromet<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>national climate assessment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Roshydromet climate report 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Roshydromet<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>temperature record<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Second NDC<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Government of the Russian Federation<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>targets and forests<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy Strategy to 2050<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Government of the Russian Federation<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>energy pathway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>State of the Global Climate<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>WMO<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>global background<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Official statistics and national sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Forest carbon study<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>sink uncertainty<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Norilsk spill monitoring<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>permafrost and infrastructure<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Permafrost and infrastructure<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>infrastructure hazard<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2010 summer heat<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2011<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>heat analogue<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population prospects<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UN DESA<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>age structure<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Industry, loss data and international sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Electricity operating data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>System Operator<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>power mix<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EIA country analysis<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>US EIA<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>energy and exports<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Grain harvest releases<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Rosstat<\/td><td>2025 to 2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>food<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indicator series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>population and growth<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Inventory data report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNFCCC secretariat<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>inventory background<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where the evidence agrees<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>The model and positions follow the Foundational Edition and the global baseline<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n49\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r49\" aria-label=\"Note 49\">49<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Russia is warming faster than the global mean and the Arctic fastest<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Permafrost is warming at a global scale<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The forest sink is large and its estimate has changed between inventories<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where it is unsettled<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>The net emissions level and trend from the 2026 inventory<\/li><li>How much heat mortality is occurring in a period of limited releases<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The condition of dams and northern infrastructure<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEWS AND PREPRINTS<\/p><p>No news report or preprint binds a finding in this edition. News is used only to date events; preprints used from Q1 2027 will be flagged as not peer-reviewed.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Government of the Russian Federation (ed.), Second Nationally Determined Contribution of the Russian Federation. Submission to the UNFCCC, Moscow, September 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNFCCC (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>. United Nations, Paris, 2015.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 46\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>Government of the Russian Federation (ed.), Federal Law No. 296-FZ of 2 July 2021 on Limiting Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Moscow, 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>Government of the Russian Federation (ed.), Federal Law No. 34-FZ of 6 March 2022 on an experiment to limit greenhouse gas emissions in selected entities of the Russian Federation. Moscow, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>President of the Russian Federation (ed.), Climate Doctrine of the Russian Federation, Decree No. 812 of 26 October 2023. Moscow, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>Government of the Russian Federation (ed.), National Action Plan for the first stage of adaptation to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">climate change<\/a> up to 2025, Order No. 559-r of 11 March 2023. Moscow, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Government of the Russian Federation (ed.), Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2050, Order No. 908-r of 12 April 2025. Moscow, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>President of the Russian Federation (ed.), Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation, Decree No. 20 of 21 January 2020. Moscow, 2020.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 45\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>UNFCCC secretariat (ed.), Russian Federation: 2026 National Inventory Document and Common Reporting Tables, 1990 to 2024. Submitted 25 June 2026. UNFCCC, Bonn, 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>The Moscow Times (ed.), \u201cRosstat stops publishing monthly population data amid war deaths, demographic crisis.\u201d The Moscow Times, 7 July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.), Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.13850054\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>M. Rantanen, A. Y. Karpechko, A. Lipponen et al., \u201cThe Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979,\u201d Communications Earth &amp; Environment, vol. 3, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>B. K. Biskaborn, S. L. Smith, J. Noetzli et al., \u201cPermafrost is warming at a global scale,\u201d Nature Communications, vol. 10, article 264, 2019. doi:10.1038\/s41467-018-08240-4. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-08240-4\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1038\/s41467-018-08240-4<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Roshydromet (ed.), Third Assessment Report on Climate Change and its Consequences on the Territory of the Russian Federation: General Summary. Roshydromet, Saint Petersburg, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Roshydromet (ed.), Report on climate features on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2025. Roshydromet, Moscow, February 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Global Climate 2024. WMO, Geneva, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>D. Schepaschenko, E. Moltchanova, S. Fedorov et al., \u201cRussian forest sequesters substantially more carbon than previously reported,\u201d Scientific Reports, vol. 11, 2021. doi:10.1038\/s41598-021-92152-9. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-92152-9\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1038\/s41598-021-92152-9<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>S. Rajendran et al., \u201cMonitoring <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h30\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 poll.contamination.oil-spill\" data-tk=\"Pollution and hazardous substances \u00b7 Contaminated water, soil and food\" data-td=\"Release of crude oil or fuel onto water or land that smothers wildlife and shorelines and halts fishing and tourism.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H30\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/poll\/\" data-txl=\"Pollution and hazardous substances\">oil spill<\/a> in Norilsk, Russia using satellite data,\u201d Scientific Reports, vol. 11, 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>J. Hjort, D. Streletskiy, G. Dor\u00e9 et al., \u201cImpacts of permafrost degradation on infrastructure,\u201d Nature Reviews Earth &amp; Environment, vol. 3, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>D. Barriopedro, E. M. Fischer, J. Luterbacher, R. M. Trigo and R. Garc\u00eda-Herrera, \u201cThe hot summer of 2010: redrawing the temperature record map of Europe,\u201d Science, vol. 332, pp. 220\u2013224, 2011. doi:10.1126\/science.1201224. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1201224\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1126\/science.1201224<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (ed.), World Population Prospects 2024. United Nations, New York, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>System Operator of the Unified Energy System (ed.), Operating results of the unified energy system in 2025, as reported by TASS, 14 January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>U.S. Energy Information Administration (ed.), Russia: country analysis brief. EIA, Washington, last updated 24 July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) (ed.), Preliminary grain harvest 2025 in the socio-economic situation report, as reported by TASS, 26 December 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) (ed.), Grain and wheat harvest 2025, excluding new regions, as reported by Interfax, 24 August 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP growth (NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>UNFCCC secretariat (ed.), National greenhouse gas inventory data for the period 1990\u20132024, FCCC\/SBI\/2026\/21. UNFCCC, Bonn, 28 August 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports: The Foundational Edition, Volumes I and II. Reports series, Edition 2026\u20132030, V1.0. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n49\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">49<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r49\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 49\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c6-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), Russian Federation: targets and country assessment. Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, update of 30 September 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-part-agenda\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/\">Russian Federation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 7<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">The 2027 agenda<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Eight bounded questions open the 2027 National Agenda. Each comes from a baseline finding, names the initiative that will carry it and the first output due at the Q1 2027 cut.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>6 tables<\/span><span>3 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.1<\/span><span>Questions for the operational series<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How would a summer of heat and drought in a grain and forest region affect harvest, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> smoke, power demand and health services together?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-RUS-CLI-01 \u00b7 heat, drought and smoke; first output: dependency graph for two federal districts.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How resilient are gas, oil and power export and supply chains to cold extremes and to external demand shifts?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-RUS-ENE-02 \u00b7 energy supply and export resilience; first output: stock-and-route register.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How exposed are grain output and exports to weather, inputs and logistics at the same time?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-RUS-FOO-03 \u00b7 grain exposure; first output: input and logistics dependence table.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">What can be said about heat, ageing and health when national series are not released?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-RUS-HLT-04 \u00b7 health under data limits; first output: bound-and-unbound indicator register.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How do spring floods and dam condition interact on regulated rivers?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-RUS-WAT-05 \u00b7 flood and dam safety; first output: basin performance note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Where does <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h15\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.glacier.permafrost-thaw\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Glacier, ice-sheet and permafrost change\" data-td=\"Warming of frozen ground that weakens foundations, collapses slopes, releases greenhouse gases and reshapes drainage.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H15\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">permafrost thaw<\/a> reach infrastructure, and what would it cost to monitor?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in Q1 2027; first output: exposure scoping note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How large and how uncertain is the forest sink in the national inventory?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in Q1 2027; first output: sink uncertainty note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which capabilities have been tested in real events, and which are only documented?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">National capability register; first output: rung evidence for 15 functions.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.2<\/span><span>Portfolio proposed for the Q1 2027 alignment<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Five initiatives and one Universe mission candidate are proposed for admission at the Q1 2027 alignment. They are programme objects, no partner, funder or member is attached to them in this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Objects proposed for the first operational quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Object<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-RUS-CLI-01<\/span><\/td><td>Heat, drought and smoke compound pathway<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-RUS-ENE-02<\/span><\/td><td>Energy supply and export resilience<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-02<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-RUS-FOO-03<\/span><\/td><td>Grain output and export exposure<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-03<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-RUS-HLT-04<\/span><\/td><td>Health reading under data limits<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-04<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-RUS-WAT-05<\/span><\/td><td>Flood and dam safety on regulated rivers<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-05<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PRJ-RUS-CLI-01a<\/span><\/td><td>Two-district heat and smoke dependency graph<\/td><td>Project<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MSN-RUS-2027-01<\/span><\/td><td>Heat, drought and smoke Universe mission<\/td><td>Mission<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.3<\/span><span>The pathway<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Russian Federation is the national pathway through which the Nexus operating system will run in the Russian Federation from 2027. At baseline the pathway is designed and its records are prepared; its councils and working groups are constituted from Q1 2027. This page states what exists today and what comes next, nothing more.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">One National Agenda<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">bounded national questions for the year<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">DRAFT 2027 \u00b7 agenda review at the Q1 alignment<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Desk<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">coordination, records, routing and continuity<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">DESIGNED \u00b7 constituted in Q1 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Model<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">the country as a system of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">v0 SPECIFIED \u00b7 v1 with the first Foundry cut<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Portfolio<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">risks, capabilities, initiatives, projects, missions<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">7 PROPOSED \u00b7 admission at the Q1 alignment<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Foundry<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">continuous computational environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">PREPARED \u00b7 first sealed cut NQ-RUS-2027-Q1<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Reports<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">quarterly and annual publication<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE ISSUED \u00b7 Q1 2027 \u00b7 State &amp; Agenda<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Universe<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">annual proving environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANDIDATE MISSION \u00b7 mandate set in 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Evidence and correction<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">after-action, correction and renewal<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">OPEN \u00b7 first correction cycle in Q2 2027<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.4<\/span><span>Universe 2027, evidence pack for the candidate mission<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Mandate<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Core Build \u00b7 1 month<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Action \u00b7 1 week<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Evidence seal<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Portfolio correction<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Next mandate<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Universe 2027, evidence pack for the candidate mission<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Record<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Timing<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>F1<\/td><td>Annual mandate record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>after the Q2 2027 alignment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F2<\/td><td>Core Build record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>one month before the exercise<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F3<\/td><td>Exercise evidence<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>during the Action week<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F4<\/td><td>Decision packets<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>exercise state only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F5<\/td><td>Proof receipts<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>scoped to each recorded check<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F6<\/td><td>After-action report<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>within one quarter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F7<\/td><td>Upgrade docket<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>routed to the Portfolio<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F8<\/td><td>Portfolio renewal<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>Q4 2027 annual edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F9<\/td><td>Public synthesis<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>public-safe extracts only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Mission<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>ID<\/dt><dd>MSN-RUS-2027-01 \u00b7 Heat, drought and smoke Universe mission<\/dd><dt>Role spine<\/dt><dd>Leadership sponsor (NLC) \u00b7 Institutional anchor (NNC) \u00b7 Mission lead (NWG)<\/dd><dt>Receiving actors<\/dt><dd>to be identified with the mandate<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Simulation success is not deployment approval; demonstration is not certification; finance readiness is not financing secured.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.5<\/span><span>Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Where the baseline\u2019s findings go next. A handoff routes a finding for awareness, review or work; it transfers no authority.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Finding<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Routed to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Purpose<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CLI-001 \u00b7 targets<\/td><td>public record<\/td><td>reference for the 2027 series<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CLI-003 \u00b7 warm year<\/td><td>INI-RUS-CLI-01<\/td><td>heat and smoke graph<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>BIO-004 \u00b7 forest sink<\/td><td>uncertainty note<\/td><td>sink uncertainty<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ENE-002 \u00b7 power mix<\/td><td>INI-RUS-ENE-02<\/td><td>supply and export resilience<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FOO-006 \u00b7 harvest<\/td><td>INI-RUS-FOO-03<\/td><td>grain exposure<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HLT-008 \u00b7 heat deaths<\/td><td>INI-RUS-HLT-04<\/td><td>data-limit register<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WAT-009 \u00b7 Orsk<\/td><td>INI-RUS-WAT-05 \u00b7 key F review<\/td><td>flood and dam safety<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SYS-012 \u00b7 compound pathway<\/td><td>MSN-RUS-2027-01<\/td><td>Universe candidate<\/td><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Routing rules by publication class<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Where it goes<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Who can see it<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>PUBLIC<\/td><td>the published edition and its evidence bundle<\/td><td>anyone<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><td>governed rooms of the national pathway<\/td><td>consortium members under agreement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONTROLLED<\/td><td>need-to-know channels<\/td><td>named competent actors only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Handoffs carry findings to Nexus programme objects and steward reviews. Competent authorities receive public editions as published; nothing here instructs them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.6<\/span><span>Feeds and signal register<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Feeds watched from Q1 2027<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Feed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Producer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Latency<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Feeds into<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Weather and climate monitoring<\/td><td>Roshydromet<\/td><td>continuous<\/td><td>CLI findings<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Forest fire<\/a> monitoring<\/td><td>Federal Forestry Agency<\/td><td>seasonal<\/td><td>CLI-001 \u00b7 BIO-004<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Unified power system operating data<\/td><td>System Operator<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>ENE-002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Grain harvest and production releases<\/td><td>Rosstat<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>FOO-006<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Inventory submissions<\/td><td>UNFCCC<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI-001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> information<\/td><td>USGS<\/td><td>real time<\/td><td>SEI-005<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indicator series<\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>profile and table<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Escalation routes<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">none \u00b7 keep monitoring<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">research question<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">project<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">risk object<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">quarterly publication<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">signal report<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Signals at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Signal<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Corroboration<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>SIG-RUS-001<\/td><td>Rosstat withdrew monthly births and deaths in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c7-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>HLT \u00b7 DAT<\/td><td>risk object and agenda item A-04<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-RUS-002<\/td><td>A dam failed below the event level at Orsk in April 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c7-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>WAT \u00b7 INF<\/td><td>risk object RSK-RUS-WAT-002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-RUS-003<\/td><td>Arctic winter and autumn were the warmest since 1951 in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c7-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 INF<\/td><td>research question A-06<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A signal is not a warning. Signal records never substitute for official alerting or early-warning authorities, and they bypass no publication control.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>The Moscow Times (ed.), \u201cRosstat stops publishing monthly population data amid war deaths, demographic crisis.\u201d The Moscow Times, 7 July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c7-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Al Jazeera (ed.), \u201cRussia evacuates 4,000 people after dam bursts, floods near Kazakh border,\u201d 6 April 2024; WAM (ed.), \u201cOver 7,700 people evacuated from flooded areas in Russia\u2019s Orenburg Region,\u201d April 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c7-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c7-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>The Moscow Times (ed.), \u201c2025 was Russia\u2019s second warmest year on record.\u201d The Moscow Times, 2026, reporting the Roshydromet annual climate report.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c7-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-part-systems-in-depth\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/\">Russian Federation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 8<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems in depth<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">One section per system: its state at evidence close, its exposures and what the operational series will watch.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>5 tables<\/span><span>21 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.1<\/span><span>Water, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Russia holds abundant renewable freshwater per person and withdraws a small share of it, so water risk is regional and seasonal: spring floods, dam safety and service quality.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">29,895<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">m\u00b3<\/span><p>renewable internal freshwater per person, 2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of internal resources withdrawn, 2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">76.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>safely managed drinking water, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Resource<\/td><td>very large renewable internal freshwater per person<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Service<\/td><td>about three quarters of people use safely managed drinking water<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Flood<\/td><td>Orsk dam failed in April 2024 below the event level<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dam condition<\/td><td>register and storage not bound<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 WAT spring melt and rain<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 INF dam and road failure<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 HLT drinking water<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 FOO irrigation<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>dam condition register by basin<\/li><li>reservoir storage series<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Spring snowmelt and flood levels, dam safety reviews and the official account of the Orsk event.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Water services and dam safety rest with the competent authorities; this chapter assesses none of them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.2<\/span><span>Energy, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Natural gas supplies more than half of primary energy, thermal plants produce most electricity, and Russia is a large exporter of crude oil, gas and coal.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">57.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>thermal share of generation, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">53<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>gas in primary energy, 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">271<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">GW<\/span><p>installed capacity, 1 January 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Power mix<\/td><td>thermal 57.5%, nuclear 18.7%, hydropower 16.7%<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Primary energy<\/td><td>gas 53%, oil 23%, coal 16%, nuclear 7% in 2023<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Exports<\/td><td>crude oil about 11% of world exports in 2023<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Strategy<\/td><td>Energy Strategy to 2050 took effect in April 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>TRD \u2192 ENE export demand<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 FIN public revenue<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 ENE cold and heat extremes<\/li><li>INF \u2192 ENE permafrost and asset condition<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>pipeline and refinery resilience<\/li><li>heat supply to northern settlements<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Winter load, export volumes and routes, and the first operating evidence under the Energy Strategy to 2050.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Energy decisions rest with the government, regulators and operators; this chapter assesses none of them. Damage to energy assets from armed conflict is outside this evidence set and is not estimated.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.3<\/span><span>Food and agrifood, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Russia grows a large grain crop, and the 2025 harvest rose on 2024. Measured undernourishment is at the reporting floor. Risk lies in weather, inputs and export logistics.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">141.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt<\/span><p>grain harvest, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">91.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt<\/span><p>wheat, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">95<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>grain self-sufficiency threshold in the Doctrine<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Harvest<\/td><td>141.2 Mt of grain, 91.1 Mt of wheat<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Growth<\/td><td>preliminary threshing up 10.7% on 2024<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nutrition<\/td><td>undernourishment at or below 2.5%<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Inputs<\/td><td>fertiliser and feed dependence not bound<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 FOO heat and drought<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 FOO irrigation<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 FOO fuel and fertiliser<\/li><li>TRD \u2192 FOO export markets<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>fertiliser and input dependence<\/li><li>export volumes for 2025\/26<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Spring and summer weather, the 2026 harvest estimate and export volumes.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes the food system; it makes no statement on agricultural or trade policy.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.4<\/span><span>Health and One Health, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Life expectancy was 73.4 years in 2024 and 17.8% of residents are 65 or over. Monthly births and deaths and several regional series were withdrawn from Rosstat releases in 2025, so health risk cannot be read at the resolution used in other editions.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">73.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">years<\/span><p>life expectancy at birth, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">17.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>aged 65 or over, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2025<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">releases<\/span><p>monthly births and deaths withdrawn<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ageing<\/td><td>17.8% aged 65 or over<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Life expectancy<\/td><td>73.4 years in 2024<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data release<\/td><td>monthly births, deaths and regional series withdrawn<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat deaths<\/td><td>cause-of-death series not available<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 HLT heat and smoke<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 HLT drinking water and floods<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 HLT cooling and heating<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>heat-attributable mortality<\/li><li>cause-of-death series<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Any resumption of Rosstat demographic releases, and international estimates such as the WHO World Health Statistics that fill the gap<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n50\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-r50\" aria-label=\"Note 50\">50<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Health and care planning rest with national and regional authorities. No personal health data are used or shown in Reports.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.5<\/span><span>Biodiversity and ecosystems, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Forest covers just over half of the land area. Protected areas are 8.6% of territory on the series used here, and fire and thaw are the main pressures.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">50.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>forest share of land, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">8.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>protected, terrestrial and marine, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">30<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>global target by 2030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n45\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-r45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Forest<\/td><td>forest on 50.8% of land; forest fund land above 1.1 billion ha in the NDC<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protection<\/td><td>8.6% of territory in protected areas<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fire<\/td><td>4.5 million ha burned January to August 2025, as reported<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Condition<\/td><td>not bound outside protected areas; the FAO forest assessment would fill forest condition<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-n47\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-r47\" aria-label=\"Note 47\">47<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 BIO fire and thaw<\/li><li>BIO \u2192 CLI forest removals<\/li><li>BIO \u2192 WAT regulation of flows<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>condition outside protected areas<\/li><li>full-season <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> area<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Full-season fire area, forest inventory revisions and the protected-area series on national definitions.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Biodiversity is not reduced to a single number. The protected-area figure follows an international series and may differ from national definitions.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: freshwater withdrawals (ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS) and renewable internal freshwater per capita (ER.H2O.INTR.PC), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: people using safely managed drinking water services (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Al Jazeera (ed.), \u201cRussia evacuates 4,000 people after dam bursts, floods near Kazakh border,\u201d 6 April 2024; WAM (ed.), \u201cOver 7,700 people evacuated from flooded areas in Russia\u2019s Orenburg Region,\u201d April 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>System Operator of the Unified Energy System (ed.), Operating results of the unified energy system in 2025, as reported by TASS, 14 January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>U.S. Energy Information Administration (ed.), Russia: country analysis brief. EIA, Washington, last updated 24 July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>International Energy Agency (ed.), Energy Fact Sheet: Why does Russian oil and gas matter? IEA, Paris, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Government of the Russian Federation (ed.), Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2050, Order No. 908-r of 12 April 2025. Moscow, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) (ed.), Grain and wheat harvest 2025, excluding new regions, as reported by Interfax, 24 August 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>President of the Russian Federation (ed.), Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation, Decree No. 20 of 21 January 2020. Moscow, 2020.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) (ed.), Preliminary grain harvest 2025 in the socio-economic situation report, as reported by TASS, 26 December 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: prevalence of undernourishment (SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: life expectancy at birth (SP.DYN.LE00.IN), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: population ages 65 and above (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>The Moscow Times (ed.), \u201cRosstat stops publishing monthly population data amid war deaths, demographic crisis.\u201d The Moscow Times, 7 July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-n50\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">50<\/span><span>World Health Organization (ed.), World Health Statistics 2025. WHO, Geneva, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-r50\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 50\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: forest area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: terrestrial and marine protected areas (ER.PTD.TOTL.ZS), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-n45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-r45\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 45\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Government of the Russian Federation (ed.), Second Nationally Determined Contribution of the Russian Federation. Submission to the UNFCCC, Moscow, September 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>The Moscow Times (ed.), \u201cRussia sees milder <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> season so far in 2025 but experts warn against complacency,\u201d reporting official figures through August 2025 via Kedr.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-c8-n47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (ed.), Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025. FAO, Rome, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-c8-r47\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 47\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-part-methodology\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/\">Russian Federation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex A<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Methodology<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">How the edition was made: methods, the model card, the evidence cut and its age, the acceptance record and the glossary.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>9 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>12 tables<\/span><span>6 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.1<\/span><span>Methods<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The baseline uses published values and four simple derivations. Each is shown in full so that any reader can reproduce it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Methods<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">No.<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Derivation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Calculation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Result<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>M1<\/td><td>2035 ceiling, upper end<\/td><td>0.67 \u00d7 2,427.2<\/td><td>\u2248 1,626 Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M2<\/td><td>2035 ceiling, lower end<\/td><td>0.65 \u00d7 2,427.2<\/td><td>\u2248 1,578 Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M3<\/td><td>2030 ceiling (up to 70%)<\/td><td>0.70 \u00d7 2,427.2<\/td><td>\u2248 1,699 Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M4<\/td><td>Nuclear and hydropower share of generation, 2025<\/td><td>18.7 + 16.7<\/td><td>\u2248 35.4%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M5<\/td><td>Orsk river level above design level, 2024<\/td><td>9.6 \u2212 5.5<\/td><td>4.1 m<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling strength scale (matrix and model card)<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Strength<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>STRONG<\/td><td>a disruption in the source system has historically changed the target system\u2019s service or output within one season<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MODERATE<\/td><td>an effect is documented but buffered or slower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEAK<\/td><td>an effect is plausible but not documented at national scale<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Status grammar<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rule<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>value as issued by its source, with year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>reasoned from cited evidence; never a measurement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus analytical value with stated method<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>conditional on stated assumptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>structured editorial judgement awaiting evidence<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.2<\/span><span>Model card, National Model v0<\/span><\/h2><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model ID<\/dt><dd>MDL-RUS-NATIONAL \u00b7 v0.1<\/dd><dt>Purpose<\/dt><dd>represent the Russian Federation as coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> with forcing and transmission layers<\/dd><dt>Family<\/dt><dd>graph-based system of systems<\/dd><dt>Inputs<\/dt><dd>the cited sources of this edition; no proprietary data<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>expert-specified coupling strengths (STRONG \u00b7 MODERATE \u00b7 WEAK) from evidence and analogue events<\/dd><dt>Validation<\/dt><dd>none yet, first validation against Q1 2027 Foundry evidence<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>qualitative; strengths are hypotheses, not measurements<\/dd><dt>Domain of validity<\/dt><dd>national scale; not for federal subject or asset-level use<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>strength table and sources published in this edition<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">couplings<\/span><p>typed in v0<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strong<\/span><p>documented within one season<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">moderate<\/span><p>documented, buffered<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">weak<\/span><p>plausible, undocumented<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>framing the 2027 agenda; choosing which couplings to measure first; explaining the coupled reading of risk in the Russian Federation.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOT SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>quantitative loss estimates, operational decisions, provincial comparisons or any claim about a specific asset.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">VERSIONING<\/p><p>Models are immutable by version. A change to any coupling, rule or weight produces v0.2 with its own card and correction note.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.3<\/span><span>The baseline evidence cut<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Every Nexus edition is published from a frozen evidence cut. The baseline cut is documentary: it pins the exact edition of every source cited. Model runs begin with the first Foundry cut in Q1 2027.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Cut ID<\/dt><dd>NQ-RUS-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Type<\/dt><dd>baseline documentary cut<\/dd><dt>Resolution policy<\/dt><dd>pinned \u00b7 as of 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Sources pinned<\/dt><dd>50 cited sources, each at the edition and retrieval date in the references<\/dd><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>none at baseline, analytical values are stated with their method<\/dd><dt>Digest<\/dt><dd>computed at <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.hard-freeze\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"Air temperature falling well below freezing for hours, killing crops, bursting pipes and stopping water flow.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">freeze<\/a> and recorded in the publication record<\/dd><dt>Supersedes<\/dt><dd>nothing, first cut of the series<\/dd><dt>Superseded by<\/dt><dd>NQ-RUS-2027-Q1-1 at the Q1 2027 close<\/dd><\/dl><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Lineage<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">source edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">pinned citation<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">finding<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">page<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">publication record<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">From the baseline cut to the first Foundry cut<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Element<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Q1 2027<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Sources<\/td><td>cited publications, pinned by edition<\/td><td>qualified source bindings with versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Analysis<\/td><td>stated methods and editorial estimates<\/td><td>typed analysis specifications<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Models<\/td><td>National Model v0 specification<\/td><td>model runs with receipts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Findings<\/td><td>twelve baseline findings<\/td><td>findings re-bound to the cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Review<\/td><td>five passes scheduled<\/td><td>five passes on the exact digest<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.4<\/span><span>Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A 2026 edition rests on evidence observed in many different years. This page shows each time base, so that no single year label hides older evidence.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Observed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Released<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next release<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>NDC and 1990 base<\/td><td>1990 to 2023<\/td><td>Sep 2025<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>next NDC cycle<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Inventory submission<\/td><td>1990 to 2024<\/td><td>Jun 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>Apr to Jun 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate report<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Feb 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>early 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity generation<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Jan 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>Jan 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Grain harvest<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Aug 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>early 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population estimate<\/td><td>1 Jan 2025<\/td><td>Jan 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>not released for 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indicator series<\/td><td>2024 to 2025<\/td><td>Oct 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>mid 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kamchatka <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a><\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Jul 2025<\/td><td>event<\/td><td>event record<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy country analysis<\/td><td>2023 to 2024<\/td><td>Jul 2025<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>next update<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coverage by system at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Thinnest dimension<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Climate forcing<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>regional rainfall and permafrost<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>stock depth and routes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>inputs and exports<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>dam condition and storage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Seismic<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>losses and exposure<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>condition outside protected areas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>heat and cause-of-death series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Digital<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>dependency mapping<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.5<\/span><span>Evidence cards, two anchor sources<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the Government of the Russian Federation under the Paris Agreement, September 2025. Periodic. Role: binds CLI-001 and BIO-004 and the 1990 net base value.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-RUS-001<\/h3><p>Second NDC<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-ca-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the System Operator of the unified energy system and reported by the press agency TASS on 14 January 2026. Annual. Role: binds ENE-002. The original release was not opened.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-RUS-002<\/h3><p>Electricity operating data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-ca-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Quality dimensions at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Dimension<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-RUS-001<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-RUS-002<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Completeness<\/td><td>national, all sectors<\/td><td>unified system only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Timeliness<\/td><td>about 3 years after the base period<\/td><td>about 2 weeks after the year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Revision<\/td><td>inventory recalculation between submissions<\/td><td>revised with annual reports<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Method transparency<\/td><td>published inventory method<\/td><td>press summary; original not opened<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>External validation<\/td><td>UNFCCC review process<\/td><td>none identified<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence cards to follow in Q1 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>2026 inventory tables<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-ca-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 net emissions by year<\/li><li>Roshydromet climate report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-ca-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 open the original PDF<\/li><li>System Operator<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-ca-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 open the original release<\/li><li>Rosstat<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-ca-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-ca-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 original releases and scope notes<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.6<\/span><span>Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Editorial self-check at evidence close. Every applicable item carries a disposition; the remaining items are review, approval and deposit.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Group<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Area<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Items<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pass<\/th><th scope=\"col\">N\/A<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pending<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D1<\/td><td>Identity and scope<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>Source and data<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D3<\/td><td>Analysis and models<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D4<\/td><td>Findings and claims<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D5<\/td><td>Figures, tables, maps<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D6<\/td><td>Editorial and citations<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D7<\/td><td>Review and approval<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>13<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D8<\/td><td>Artefact and design<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D9<\/td><td>Registry and release<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication gate<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Conditions met<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close<\/dd><dt>Blocking problems<\/dt><dd>none recorded<\/dd><dt>Open conditions<\/dt><dd>reviews, approval of the exact digest, deposit, registry pointer<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Not applicable at baseline<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>first runs in Q1 2027<\/dd><dt>Maps<\/dt><dd>plates in Q2 2027<\/dd><dt>Waivers<\/dt><dd>none<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Dispositions are recorded item by item in the machine-readable checklist. A FAIL on any item blocks release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.7<\/span><span>Status words<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-tab9\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The status every value carries<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it means<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"positive\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Observed<\/span><\/td><td>Measured directly and published by the source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>Published statistics of an official or institutional source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Declared<\/span><\/td><td>Stated by the body concerned; not independently measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>A Nexus estimate from cited evidence, with its method in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Modelled<\/span><\/td><td>Produced by a stated model from cited inputs.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>Reasoned from cited evidence; not measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Forecast<\/span><\/td><td>A projection by the cited source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Simulated<\/span><\/td><td>A simulation result under stated assumptions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>A conditional statement under stated assumptions; never a prediction.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>Expert judgement, recorded with its basis.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><td>Proposed for a later edition; not yet evidence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Evidence-quality levels (EQL 1 to 5) grade the source behind a value; they are not a score of the subject.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.8<\/span><span>How the edition is made, released and corrected<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">Every edition is built from a sealed evidence cut, reviewed under three keys, signed and deposited before any site shows it as published; corrections go to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> as change proposals and feed the next cut.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Evidence arrives from the pillars<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Foundry seals observations and indicator series, Universe hands over after-action and scenario findings, and contributions are screened at every gateway, including this site&#8217;s.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 The cut is sealed<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">On the cut date the evidence is pinned under one identifier, so anyone can rebuild the edition from exactly what it was built on.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 The edition is assembled<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The edition is drafted from its template and content pack. Agents may draft; they never publish and never decide.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 The keys turn<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">At the publisher of record the truth key comes first: every value is checked against its source or stated method before the meaning and capital keys turn. No edition moves on until every key has been turned by a named steward.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 The gate opens<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A named approver releases one exact digest of the edition; any change after this point is a new version, never a silent edit.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Signed and deposited<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The PDF, the web edition and the data bundle are signed together with a manifest and an RO-Crate description, and deposited on Zenodo with a concept and a version DOI.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">07 Published on its desk&#8217;s site<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Only then does the edition show as published on its desk&#8217;s Reports site, and the Collection lists it as a part.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">08 Corrections go to Standards<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Method and correction findings go to Nexus Standards as change proposals; citations, corrections and new contributions feed the next evidence cut.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of the process, not a forecast and not a record of any run; dates and counts on this page come from the programme record. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/governance\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Reports governance at GCRI Canada<\/a> (2026); Zenodo, repository of record for Reports deposits (2026).<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">Lifecycle, one state at a time: Draft, Computed, Evidence bound, Reviewed, Approved for release, Published, Corrected, Superseded. This edition is a draft.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.9<\/span><span>Glossary and abbreviations<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-tab10\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Series terms<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Baseline Edition<\/td><td>the inaugural annual edition that fixes the reference state for the series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEFH+B<\/td><td>water, energy, food, health and biodiversity, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/governance-in-operation\/national-nexus\" data-tc=\"National Nexus\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The national model: the NNC, the NLC and the NWG as its three participation pillars, with the National Desk, Model and Portfolio and the NSC as the standards function of the NNC (OR-13)\">national nexus<\/a> core<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coupling<\/td><td>a typed dependency through which one system transmits to another<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">Protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>the share of losses not covered by insurance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability ladder<\/td><td>LISTED \u2192 EXISTS \u2192 ADEQUATE \u2192 TESTED \u2192 DEMONSTRATED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EQL<\/td><td>evidence-quality level, 1\u20135<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence cut<\/td><td>a frozen resolution of exact sources and versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NNC \u00b7 NLC \u00b7 NWG<\/td><td>National Nexus Consortium \u00b7 National Leadership Council \u00b7 National Working Groups<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-tab11\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Abbreviations used in this edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Abbreviation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Expansion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CBD<\/td><td>Convention on Biological Diversity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EIA<\/td><td>US Energy Information Administration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GDP<\/td><td>gross domestic product<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LULUCF<\/td><td>land use, land-use change and forestry<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NDC<\/td><td>nationally determined contribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NID<\/td><td>National Inventory Document<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Roshydromet<\/td><td>Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rosstat<\/td><td>Federal State Statistics Service<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UNFCCC<\/td><td>United Nations Framework Convention on <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>USGS<\/td><td>United States Geological Survey<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WDI<\/td><td>World Development Indicators<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.10<\/span><span>Technical annex<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-tab12\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.12<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Technical annex<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Annex<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contents<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A.1<\/td><td>Indicator definitions<\/td><td>the baseline indicator set, with units and sources<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.2<\/td><td>Coupling strengths<\/td><td>the twenty-cell matrix and its rationale<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.3<\/td><td>Scenario specification<\/td><td>SCN-RUS-HTD-01 assumptions and signposts<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.4<\/td><td>Capability placements<\/td><td>rung evidence for fifteen functions<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.5<\/td><td>Model diagnostics<\/td><td>first runs and validation<\/td><td>Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.6<\/td><td>Sensitivity analyses<\/td><td>influence of coupling strengths<\/td><td>Q2 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.7<\/td><td>Federal-subject notes<\/td><td>atlas cards for every federal subject<\/td><td>Q2 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.8<\/td><td>Review statements<\/td><td>pass-by-pass review record<\/td><td>AT RELEASE<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">A.1 \u00b7 indicator definition, 2035 net emissions ceiling<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Construct<\/dt><dd>share of the 1990 net base, with removals by forests counted<\/dd><dt>Unit<\/dt><dd>Mt CO\u2082e<\/dd><dt>Scope<\/dt><dd>national territory as reported in the NDC<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>second NDC<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-ca-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>; ceiling derived by Nexus (INFERRED)<\/dd><dt>Revision<\/dt><dd>the base value can change if the inventory is recalculated<\/dd><dt>Known limits<\/dt><dd>the NDC is conditional on technology access and on balanced development<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Annexes carry the same evidence, review and correction rules as the chapters and are versioned with the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Government of the Russian Federation (ed.), Second Nationally Determined Contribution of the Russian Federation. Submission to the UNFCCC, Moscow, September 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>System Operator of the Unified Energy System (ed.), Operating results of the unified energy system in 2025, as reported by TASS, 14 January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-ca-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>UNFCCC secretariat (ed.), Russian Federation: 2026 National Inventory Document and Common Reporting Tables, 1990 to 2024. Submitted 25 June 2026. UNFCCC, Bonn, 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-ca-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Roshydromet (ed.), Report on climate features on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2025. Roshydromet, Moscow, February 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-ca-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) (ed.), Grain and wheat harvest 2025, excluding new regions, as reported by Interfax, 24 August 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-ca-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ca-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) (ed.), Preliminary population estimate as of 1 January 2025, as reported by TASS, 31 January 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-ca-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-part-data\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/\">Russian Federation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex B<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Data appendix<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>9 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>7 tables<\/span><span>23 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.1<\/span><span>The indicator set<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Baseline indicator set<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Population, Rosstat preliminary<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">146.0<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>1 Jan 2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population, UN-based series<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">143.5<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Aged 65 or over<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">17.8<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Life expectancy at birth<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">73.4<\/span><\/td><td>years<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Births and deaths, national<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>count<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>Rosstat<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat-attributable deaths<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>deaths<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>Rosstat \u00b7 Ministry of Health<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GDP growth<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1.0<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1990 net base year, NDC<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">2,427.2<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>1990<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2035 ceiling, upper end (derived)<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1,626<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2035<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2035 ceiling, lower end (derived)<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1,578<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2035<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Latest national net emissions<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>UNFCCC inventory<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity generation, unified system<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1,166<\/span><\/td><td>TWh<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Thermal share of generation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">57.5<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gas share of primary energy<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">53<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Crude oil production<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">9.2<\/span><\/td><td>million b\/d<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Grain harvest, Rosstat excl. new regions<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">141.2<\/span><\/td><td>Mt<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Prevalence of undernourishment<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u22642.5<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Safely managed drinking water<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">76.3<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Freshwater withdrawal share of internal resources<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1.5<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forest share of land<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">50.8<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protected areas, terrestrial and marine<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">8.6<\/span><\/td><td>% of territory<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reservoir storage, main basins<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>Rosvodresursy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Wildfire<\/a> area, full season<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>million ha<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>Federal Forestry Agency<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-actions nrp-noprint\"><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:text\/csv;charset=utf-8,Indicator%2CValue%2CUnit%2CYear%2CState%2CSource%0A%22Population%2C%20Rosstat%20preliminary%22%2C146.0%2Cmillion%2C1%20Jan%202025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B23%5D%0A%22Population%2C%20UN-based%20series%22%2C143.5%2Cmillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B12%5D%0AAged%2065%20or%20over%2C17.8%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B13%5D%0ALife%20expectancy%20at%20birth%2C73.4%2Cyears%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B14%5D%0A%22Births%20and%20deaths%2C%20national%22%2CNot%20bound%2Ccount%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2CRosstat%0AHeat-attributable%20deaths%2CNot%20bound%2Cdeaths%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2CRosstat%20%C2%B7%20Ministry%20of%20Health%0AGDP%20growth%2C1.0%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B20%5D%0A%221990%20net%20base%20year%2C%20NDC%22%2C%222%2C427.2%22%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C1990%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0A%222035%20ceiling%2C%20upper%20end%20(derived)%22%2C%221%2C626%22%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2035%2CINFERRED%2C%5B1%5D%0A%222035%20ceiling%2C%20lower%20end%20(derived)%22%2C%221%2C578%22%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2035%2CINFERRED%2C%5B1%5D%0ALatest%20national%20net%20emissions%2CNot%20bound%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2CUNFCCC%20inventory%20%5B2%5D%0A%22Electricity%20generation%2C%20unified%20system%22%2C%221%2C166%22%2CTWh%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B8%5D%0AThermal%20share%20of%20generation%2C57.5%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B8%5D%0AGas%20share%20of%20primary%20energy%2C53%2C%25%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B9%5D%0ACrude%20oil%20production%2C9.2%2Cmillion%20b%2Fd%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B9%5D%0A%22Grain%20harvest%2C%20Rosstat%20excl.%20new%20regions%22%2C141.2%2CMt%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B22%5D%0APrevalence%20of%20undernourishment%2C%E2%89%A42.5%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B19%5D%0ASafely%20managed%20drinking%20water%2C76.3%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B17%5D%0AFreshwater%20withdrawal%20share%20of%20internal%20resources%2C1.5%2C%25%2C2022%2CREPORTED%2C%5B18%5D%0AForest%20share%20of%20land%2C50.8%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B15%5D%0A%22Protected%20areas%2C%20terrestrial%20and%20marine%22%2C8.6%2C%25%20of%20territory%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B16%5D%0A%22Reservoir%20storage%2C%20main%20basins%22%2CNot%20bound%2C%25%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2CRosvodresursy%0A%22Wildfire%20area%2C%20full%20season%22%2CNot%20bound%2Cmillion%20ha%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2CFederal%20Forestry%20Agency%0A\" download=\"NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-indicators.csv\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, CSV<\/a><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:application\/json;charset=utf-8,%7B%0A%20%22edition%22%3A%20%22NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE%22%2C%0A%20%22title%22%3A%20%22Russian%20Federation%20Systems%20Risk%20and%20Resilience%20Report%202026%3A%20The%20State%20of%20the%20Russian%20Federation%E2%80%99s%20Interdependent%20Systems%22%2C%0A%20%22status%22%3A%20%22Draft%20under%20stewardship%20review%3B%20not%20yet%20released%22%2C%0A%20%22licence%22%3A%20%22CC-BY-4.0%20for%20the%20edition%20table%3B%20each%20value%20keeps%20its%20source's%20licence%22%2C%0A%20%22columns%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%22Indicator%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Value%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Unit%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Year%22%2C%0A%20%20%22State%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Source%22%0A%20%5D%2C%0A%20%22rows%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Population%2C%20Rosstat%20preliminary%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22146.0%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%20Jan%202025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B23%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Population%2C%20UN-based%20series%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22143.5%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B12%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Aged%2065%20or%20over%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2217.8%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B13%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Life%20expectancy%20at%20birth%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2273.4%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22years%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B14%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Births%20and%20deaths%2C%20national%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22count%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Rosstat%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Heat-attributable%20deaths%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22deaths%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Rosstat%20%C2%B7%20Ministry%20of%20Health%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22GDP%20growth%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221.0%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B20%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%221990%20net%20base%20year%2C%20NDC%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222%2C427.2%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221990%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%222035%20ceiling%2C%20upper%20end%20(derived)%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%2C626%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222035%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22INFERRED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%222035%20ceiling%2C%20lower%20end%20(derived)%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%2C578%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222035%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22INFERRED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Latest%20national%20net%20emissions%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22UNFCCC%20inventory%20%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Electricity%20generation%2C%20unified%20system%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%2C166%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22TWh%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B8%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Thermal%20share%20of%20generation%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2257.5%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B8%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Gas%20share%20of%20primary%20energy%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2253%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B9%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Crude%20oil%20production%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%229.2%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%20b%2Fd%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B9%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Grain%20harvest%2C%20Rosstat%20excl.%20new%20regions%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22141.2%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B22%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Prevalence%20of%20undernourishment%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%A42.5%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B19%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Safely%20managed%20drinking%20water%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2276.3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B17%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Freshwater%20withdrawal%20share%20of%20internal%20resources%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221.5%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222022%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B18%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Forest%20share%20of%20land%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2250.8%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B15%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Protected%20areas%2C%20terrestrial%20and%20marine%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%228.6%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%20of%20territory%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B16%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Reservoir%20storage%2C%20main%20basins%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Rosvodresursy%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Wildfire%20area%2C%20full%20season%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%20ha%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Federal%20Forestry%20Agency%22%0A%20%20%5D%0A%20%5D%0A%7D\" download=\"NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-indicators.json\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, JSON<\/a><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOTES<\/p><p>Population differs by source: the Rosstat count and the UN-based series differ by about 2.5 million, and the cause (definition, date or territorial scope) was not established<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup>. The grain figure excludes the new regions that the ministry estimate includes. Scenario values are labelled SCENARIO. A machine-readable copy of this table is published with the evidence bundle at release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.2<\/span><span>National source register<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Domains bound by the register<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">WAT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ENE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FOO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">HLT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">BIO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">CLI<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">INF<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FIN<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">TRD<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">MIN<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">National source register<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Category<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Period<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Second NDC<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>government<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>1990 to 2023<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 BIO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Inventory submission 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNFCCC submission<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>1990 to 2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate report 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national technical authority<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Power operating data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>system operator<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>ENE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy country analysis<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>foreign government agency<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2023 to 2024<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>ENE \u00b7 TRD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Grain releases<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national statistics<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FOO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population estimate<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national statistics<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>HLT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Seismic record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>geological survey<\/td><td>event<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>SEI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Flood reports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>press citing officials<\/td><td>regional<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>WAT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indicator series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup> to<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international organisation<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2022 to 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FIXTURE PROHIBITION<\/p><p>No demonstration or reference-cartographic fixture is used as evidence in this edition. The publication gate checks every binding against this register.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.3<\/span><span>Regional reading, Russian Federation by federal district<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Map plates for every federal subject follow in Q2 2027, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional reading, Russian Federation by federal district<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Region<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Principal hazards<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems most exposed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Central<\/td><td>heat, flood, smoke<\/td><td>power demand, grain, cities<\/td><td>temperature record 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Northwestern<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Southern and North Caucasian<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Volga<\/td><td>spring flood, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h47\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 infra.structural.dam-failure\" data-tk=\"Built systems \u00b7 Structural and civil failure\" data-td=\"Breach or collapse of a dam, sending a sudden flood wave downstream.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H47\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/infra\/\" data-txl=\"Built systems\">dam failure<\/a>, heat<\/td><td>water, housing, grain<\/td><td>Orsk 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup>; temperature record 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ural and Siberian<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h15\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.glacier.permafrost-thaw\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Glacier, ice-sheet and permafrost change\" data-td=\"Warming of frozen ground that weakens foundations, collapses slopes, releases greenhouse gases and reshapes drainage.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H15\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">permafrost thaw<\/a>, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a>, cold<\/td><td>energy, northern infrastructure<\/td><td>Norilsk 2020<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Far Eastern<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a>, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.tsunami\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A train of long sea waves from a sudden displacement of the sea floor or water column, flooding coasts even far from the source.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">tsunami<\/a>, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a><\/td><td>ports, coastal communities, forest<\/td><td>Kamchatka 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup>; Zabaikalsky fires 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Regional readings summarise the cited evidence. They are not risk ratings of any federal subject.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.4<\/span><span>Atlas card, Orenburg Region (Ural River basin)<\/span><\/h2><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">region<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">river basin<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">spring flood<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">dam safety<\/li><\/ul><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Systems in view<\/dt><dd>water, housing, roads and emergency response<\/dd><dt>Defining events<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h47\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 infra.structural.dam-failure\" data-tk=\"Built systems \u00b7 Structural and civil failure\" data-td=\"Breach or collapse of a dam, sending a sudden flood wave downstream.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H47\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/infra\/\" data-txl=\"Built systems\">dam failure<\/a> at Orsk on 5 April 2024; river level 9.6 m against a design level of 5.5 m<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Couplings<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 INF; WAT \u2192 HLT<\/dd><dt>Capability evidence<\/dt><dd>federal emergency declared; evacuation of more than 7,700 people<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Gaps<\/dt><dd>deaths and damage in official form; dam condition register; recovery progress<\/dd><dt>Agenda items<\/dt><dd>A-05<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The Orsk dam was built for 5.5 m and the Ural River reached 9.6 m on 5 April 2024.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">WATER<\/h3><p>A dam below the event level<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Press reports citing regional officials gave 6,793 houses affected across the Orenburg Region.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">HOUSING<\/h3><p>Thousands of homes affected<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">More than 7,700 people were evacuated across the region, and the federal government declared an emergency.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">PEOPLE<\/h3><p>Evacuation at scale<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Atlas cards are generated for every federal subject from Q2 2027 with consistent fields and evidence-age labels. The Orenburg Region is shown first because it holds the best-documented flood and dam event. Official damage and mortality figures were not bound.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.5<\/span><span>Russian Federation system card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The card through which the Russian Federation appears in the Eurasia regional edition and the global series. It summarises; it does not rank.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Russian Federation system card<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline state<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>abundant resource; dam safety event at Orsk<\/td><td>flood into infrastructure<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>thermal 57.5% of power; large fossil exports<\/td><td>cold extremes and export shifts<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>grain harvest 141.2 Mt<\/td><td>heat, inputs and logistics<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>ageing; series narrowed<\/td><td>heat and smoke load<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>forest on 50.8% of land<\/td><td>fire and thaw<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Context<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Archetype<\/dt><dd>large continental economy with boreal forest, permafrost and energy and grain exports<\/dd><dt>Population<\/dt><dd>146.0 million (Rosstat preliminary, 1 January 2025)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Trade<\/dt><dd>crude oil about 11% of world exports in 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>; grain harvest 141.2 Mt in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Hazard<\/dt><dd>Kamchatka <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> of magnitude 8.8, 29 July 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Russian Federation\u2019s card sits beside its neighbours\u2019; shared basins, grids, corridors and supply chains are read as one regional system.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EURASIA REGIONAL EDITION<\/h3><p>One regional system<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Russian evidence enters the water, energy, food, finance and climate sector reports through the same finding identifiers, so a correction travels everywhere at once.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES<\/h3><p>Same findings, same IDs<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">In the global edition the Russian Federation is read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL FLAGSHIP<\/h3><p>Peers, not ranks<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>External rankings, where cited, keep their own method and source. Nexus never converts them into a rating, and the Russian Federation\u2019s national ownership of its edition is unaffected.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.6<\/span><span>Licences<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Licences of each kind of material<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Material<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Text<\/td><td>CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data<\/td><td>on the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td>Nexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maps<\/td><td>boundary source and licence printed on each plate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Metadata<\/td><td>CC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Third-party data, figures and text<\/td><td>The source&#8217;s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.7<\/span><span>Formats and provenance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">This edition in every format<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Format<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it is<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Web edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>Draft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Print edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indicator data<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CSV \u00b7 JSON<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>23 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE data release v1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">SVG \u00b7 PNG<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIG-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-*<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slides<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No slide deck is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence brief<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML \u00b7 PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No evidence brief is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dataset with DOI<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DataCite<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>Concept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Provenance<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Edition pack<\/dt><dd>The edition&#8217;s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built<\/dd><dt>Evidence cut<\/dt><dd>NQ-RUS-2026-Q0-1, closed 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters<\/dd><dt>Self-check<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release<\/dd><dt>Review<\/dt><dd>five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>GCRI for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Corrections<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) (ed.), Preliminary population estimate as of 1 January 2025, as reported by TASS, 31 January 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: population ages 65 and above (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: life expectancy at birth (SP.DYN.LE00.IN), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP growth (NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Government of the Russian Federation (ed.), Second Nationally Determined Contribution of the Russian Federation. Submission to the UNFCCC, Moscow, September 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>UNFCCC secretariat (ed.), Russian Federation: 2026 National Inventory Document and Common Reporting Tables, 1990 to 2024. Submitted 25 June 2026. UNFCCC, Bonn, 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>System Operator of the Unified Energy System (ed.), Operating results of the unified energy system in 2025, as reported by TASS, 14 January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>U.S. Energy Information Administration (ed.), Russia: country analysis brief. EIA, Washington, last updated 24 July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) (ed.), Grain and wheat harvest 2025, excluding new regions, as reported by Interfax, 24 August 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: prevalence of undernourishment (SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: people using safely managed drinking water services (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: freshwater withdrawals (ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS) and renewable internal freshwater per capita (ER.H2O.INTR.PC), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: forest area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: terrestrial and marine protected areas (ER.PTD.TOTL.ZS), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (ed.), World Population Prospects 2024. United Nations, New York, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Roshydromet (ed.), Report on climate features on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2025. Roshydromet, Moscow, February 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>The Moscow Times (ed.), \u201c2025 was Russia\u2019s second warmest year on record.\u201d The Moscow Times, 2026, reporting the Roshydromet annual climate report.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) (ed.), Preliminary grain harvest 2025 in the socio-economic situation report, as reported by TASS, 26 December 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>U.S. Geological Survey (ed.), M 8.8, 2025 Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a>, event us6000qw60. USGS, Reston, 29 July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Al Jazeera (ed.), \u201cRussia evacuates 4,000 people after dam bursts, floods near Kazakh border,\u201d 6 April 2024; WAM (ed.), \u201cOver 7,700 people evacuated from flooded areas in Russia\u2019s Orenburg Region,\u201d April 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>S. Rajendran et al., \u201cMonitoring <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h30\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 poll.contamination.oil-spill\" data-tk=\"Pollution and hazardous substances \u00b7 Contaminated water, soil and food\" data-td=\"Release of crude oil or fuel onto water or land that smothers wildlife and shorelines and halts fishing and tourism.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H30\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/poll\/\" data-txl=\"Pollution and hazardous substances\">oil spill<\/a> in Norilsk, Russia using satellite data,\u201d Scientific Reports, vol. 11, 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cb-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>The Moscow Times (ed.), \u201cRussia sees milder <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> season so far in 2025 but experts warn against complacency,\u201d reporting official figures through August 2025 via Kedr.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-rus-cb-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-part-references\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cc-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/\">Russian Federation 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex C<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">References and record<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Every source the edition rests on, the publication record, the corrections log and the open record.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>12 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>0 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cc-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-cc-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cc-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.1<\/span><span>50 sources<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">NR-CIT-1, editor first. A DOI is linked where the source has one; Nexus records carry a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> once the catalogue allocates it (NS-1).<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Government of the Russian Federation (ed.), Second Nationally Determined Contribution of the Russian Federation. Submission to the UNFCCC, Moscow, September 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>UNFCCC secretariat (ed.), Russian Federation: 2026 National Inventory Document and Common Reporting Tables, 1990 to 2024. Submitted 25 June 2026. UNFCCC, Bonn, 2026. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>UNFCCC secretariat (ed.), National greenhouse gas inventory data for the period 1990\u20132024, FCCC\/SBI\/2026\/21. UNFCCC, Bonn, 28 August 2026. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), Russian Federation: targets and country assessment. Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, update of 30 September 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Roshydromet (ed.), Report on climate features on the territory of the Russian Federation in 2025. Roshydromet, Moscow, February 2026. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>The Moscow Times (ed.), \u201c2025 was Russia\u2019s second warmest year on record.\u201d The Moscow Times, 2026, reporting the Roshydromet annual climate report. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 7<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Roshydromet (ed.), Third Assessment Report on <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> and its Consequences on the Territory of the Russian Federation: General Summary. Roshydromet, Saint Petersburg, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>System Operator of the Unified Energy System (ed.), Operating results of the unified energy system in 2025, as reported by TASS, 14 January 2026. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>U.S. Energy Information Administration (ed.), Russia: country analysis brief. EIA, Washington, last updated 24 July 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Government of the Russian Federation (ed.), Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2050, Order No. 908-r of 12 April 2025. Moscow, 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>International Energy Agency (ed.), Energy Fact Sheet: Why does Russian oil and gas matter? IEA, Paris, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: population, total (SP.POP.TOTL), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: population ages 65 and above (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: life expectancy at birth (SP.DYN.LE00.IN), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: forest area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: terrestrial and marine protected areas (ER.PTD.TOTL.ZS), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: people using safely managed drinking water services (SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: freshwater withdrawals (ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS) and renewable internal freshwater per capita (ER.H2O.INTR.PC), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: prevalence of undernourishment (SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: GDP growth (NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG), Russian Federation. Data vintage of 8 October 2026. World Bank, Washington. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) (ed.), Preliminary grain harvest 2025 in the socio-economic situation report, as reported by TASS, 26 December 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) (ed.), Grain and wheat harvest 2025, excluding new regions, as reported by Interfax, 24 August 2026. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) (ed.), Preliminary population estimate as of 1 January 2025, as reported by TASS, 31 January 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>The Moscow Times (ed.), \u201cRosstat stops publishing monthly population data amid war deaths, demographic crisis.\u201d The Moscow Times, 7 July 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>U.S. Geological Survey (ed.), M 8.8, 2025 Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a>, event us6000qw60. USGS, Reston, 29 July 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Al Jazeera (ed.), \u201cRussia evacuates 4,000 people after dam bursts, floods near Kazakh border,\u201d 6 April 2024; WAM (ed.), \u201cOver 7,700 people evacuated from flooded areas in Russia\u2019s Orenburg Region,\u201d April 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>The Moscow Times (ed.), \u201cRussia sees milder <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> season so far in 2025 but experts warn against complacency,\u201d reporting official figures through August 2025 via Kedr. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 5, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>D. Barriopedro, E. M. Fischer, J. Luterbacher, R. M. Trigo and R. Garc\u00eda-Herrera, \u201cThe hot summer of 2010: redrawing the temperature record map of Europe,\u201d Science, vol. 332, pp. 220\u2013224, 2011. doi:10.1126\/science.1201224. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1201224\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1126\/science.1201224<\/a> <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 5, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>M. Rantanen, A. Y. Karpechko, A. Lipponen et al., \u201cThe Arctic has warmed nearly four times faster than the globe since 1979,\u201d Communications Earth &amp; Environment, vol. 3, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>B. K. Biskaborn, S. L. Smith, J. Noetzli et al., \u201cPermafrost is warming at a global scale,\u201d Nature Communications, vol. 10, article 264, 2019. doi:10.1038\/s41467-018-08240-4. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-08240-4\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1038\/s41467-018-08240-4<\/a> <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>D. Schepaschenko, E. Moltchanova, S. Fedorov et al., \u201cRussian forest sequesters substantially more carbon than previously reported,\u201d Scientific Reports, vol. 11, 2021. doi:10.1038\/s41598-021-92152-9. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-92152-9\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1038\/s41598-021-92152-9<\/a> <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>S. Rajendran et al., \u201cMonitoring <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h30\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 poll.contamination.oil-spill\" data-tk=\"Pollution and hazardous substances \u00b7 Contaminated water, soil and food\" data-td=\"Release of crude oil or fuel onto water or land that smothers wildlife and shorelines and halts fishing and tourism.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H30\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/poll\/\" data-txl=\"Pollution and hazardous substances\">oil spill<\/a> in Norilsk, Russia using satellite data,\u201d Scientific Reports, vol. 11, 2021. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>J. Hjort, D. Streletskiy, G. Dor\u00e9 et al., \u201cImpacts of permafrost degradation on infrastructure,\u201d Nature Reviews Earth &amp; Environment, vol. 3, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.13850054\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054<\/a> <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.), Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Global Climate 2024. WMO, Geneva, 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (ed.), World Population Prospects 2024. United Nations, New York, 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>President of the Russian Federation (ed.), Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation, Decree No. 20 of 21 January 2020. Moscow, 2020. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>President of the Russian Federation (ed.), Climate Doctrine of the Russian Federation, Decree No. 812 of 26 October 2023. Moscow, 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>Government of the Russian Federation (ed.), Federal Law No. 296-FZ of 2 July 2021 on Limiting Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Moscow, 2021. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>Government of the Russian Federation (ed.), Federal Law No. 34-FZ of 6 March 2022 on an experiment to limit greenhouse gas emissions in selected entities of the Russian Federation. Moscow, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>Government of the Russian Federation (ed.), National Action Plan for the first stage of adaptation to climate change up to 2025, Order No. 559-r of 11 March 2023. Moscow, 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNFCCC (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>. United Nations, Paris, 2015. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (ed.), Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025. FAO, Rome, 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports: The Foundational Edition, Volumes I and II. Reports series, Edition 2026\u20132030, V1.0. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-49\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">49<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-rus-ref-50\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">50<\/span><span>World Health Organization (ed.), World Health Statistics 2025. WHO, Geneva, 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cc-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-cc-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cc-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.2<\/span><span>Publication record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Title<\/dt><dd>Russian Federation <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026, Baseline Edition<\/dd><dt>Series<\/dt><dd>Reports \u00b7 Edition 2026\u20132030<\/dd><dt>Edition<\/dt><dd>Baseline Edition 2026 \u00b7 inaugural annual<\/dd><dt>Version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 \u00b7 draft for stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Publication date<\/dt><dd>October 2026<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>concept and version DOI at deposit<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publisher<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Place<\/dt><dd>Toronto<\/dd><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor<\/dd><dt>Stewards<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 technical truth \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 public meaning \u00b7 GRA \u00b7 capital meaning<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>text CC BY 4.0; data on the terms of each source<\/dd><dt>Copyright<\/dt><dd>\u00a9 2026 GCRI \u00b7 Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Language<\/dt><dd>English (en-GB) source edition<\/dd><dt>Correspondence<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway \u00b7 editorial office<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">DISCLAIMER<\/p><p>This edition is published for research, planning and public understanding. It is not a government assessment, an official warning, a rating, a certification, investment advice or an operational authorisation. Reasonable care has been taken with every source; consult the cited originals before relying on any value.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Colophon<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Format<\/dt><dd>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF<\/dd><dt>Typefaces<\/dt><dd>Space Grotesk (display) \u00b7 Geist (text) \u00b7 IBM Plex Sans Italic (standfirsts) \u00b7 IBM Plex Mono (data)<\/dd><dt>Design standard<\/dt><dd>Reports Foundational Edition, Volume I, Part VII<\/dd><dt>Accessibility<\/dt><dd>tagged PDF and HTML targets; text alternatives for every figure<\/dd><dt>Production<\/dt><dd>Reports editorial team, GCRI<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HOW TO CORRECT THIS EDITION<\/p><p>Report errors, omissions or objections through the Registry correction pathway. Each report is logged and answered; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version, and the original remains resolvable.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Release path for this version<\/h3><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cc-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table C.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Release path for this version<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">When<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Draft<\/td><td>editorial self-check complete at evidence close<\/td><td>October 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Steward review<\/td><td>five passes on the exact draft (keys T \u00b7 M \u00b7 F \u00b7 N)<\/td><td>Q4 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approval<\/td><td>publication authority approves the exact digest<\/td><td>before release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deposit<\/td><td>concept and version DOI minted; registry pointer set<\/td><td>at release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Succession<\/td><td>the Q1 2027 edition reports changes against this baseline<\/td><td>Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Current version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 draft, stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Previous edition<\/dt><dd>none, first edition of the series<\/dd><dt>Next edition<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2027-Q1-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Latest version<\/dt><dd>resolve the concept DOI or the registry record<\/dd><dt>Correction route<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway<\/dd><dt>Notice types<\/dt><dd>erratum \u00b7 addendum \u00b7 supersession \u00b7 withdrawal<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NO CORRECTIONS \u2260 NO LIMITS<\/p><p>The absence of corrections does not mean the absence of limitations. Limitations and uncertainty are stated where they arise in the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><div id=\"nx-nr-rus-corrections\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cc-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-cc-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cc-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.3<\/span><span>Corrections log<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-corr\"><p class=\"nx-nr-corr-sum\"><span class=\"nx-nr-corr-n\">0<\/span><span>correction notices. No edition has been released yet, so none can be corrected; the log below lists each edition&#8217;s current version.<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Version<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Date<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Change<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Notice<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Edition\"><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">RUS<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Version\" class=\"nx-rd-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/td><td data-label=\"Date\">October 2026<\/td><td data-label=\"State\">Draft<\/td><td data-label=\"Change\">Baseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition,<\/td><td data-label=\"Notice\">None<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-rd-source\">Notice types: erratum, addendum, supersession, withdrawal. A correction is a new version with a published notice; the earlier version stays resolvable, and no edition is ever edited in silence.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-rus-outputs\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cc-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-cc-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cc-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.4<\/span><span>Open record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-os\"><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>This edition&#8217;s open record<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Desk identifier and series alias<\/dt><dd>NR-NAT-RUS-2026-BL<\/dd><dt>Collection<\/dt><dd>None<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>Concept and version DOI at deposit, on Zenodo with DataCite metadata<\/dd><dt>Versions<\/dt><dd>Each correction is a new version (isNewVersionOf); the concept DOI resolves to the latest<\/dd><dt>Bundle<\/dt><dd>RO-Crate 1.2 with CITATION.cff, CodeMeta and PROV-O provenance; a signed manifest<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Credit and identity<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>ORCID<\/dt><dd>Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record<\/dd><dt>ROR<\/dt><dd>Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone<\/dd><dt>CRediT<\/dt><dd>Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing<\/dd><dt>Account<\/dt><dd>None needed to contribute; never a password<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Find and follow<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">Search the open indexes for Russian Federation; software is cited by its SWHID from Software Heritage, and a quantified scenario run is preregistered on OSF before it is run. Annotation is your choice: Hypothesis opens this page in its own viewer.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-nr-os-links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/openalex.org\/works?search=Nexus%20Reports%20Russian%20Federation\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAlex<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.openaire.eu\/search\/find?fv0=Nexus%20Reports%20Russian%20Federation&amp;f0=q\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAIRE<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/search\/works?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Russian%20Federation\" rel=\"noopener\">Crossref<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.datacite.org\/?query=Nexus%20Reports%20Russian%20Federation\" rel=\"noopener\">DataCite Commons<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/search?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Russian%20Federation\" rel=\"noopener\">Zenodo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.softwareheritage.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Software Heritage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/prereg\/\" rel=\"noopener\">OSF preregistration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/via.hypothes.is\/https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Annotate with Hypothesis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Mirrors and harvest<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">The DOI is canonical. At release each signed bundle is also given an IPFS content identifier and a bloxberg anchor as mirrors; both are listed in the record once they exist. Zenodo exposes every record over OAI-PMH, and reviews and endorsements can arrive through COAR Notify where the repository supports it.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><figure class=\"nx-nr-code\"><figcaption class=\"nx-nr-code-cap\">InvenioRDM metadata for a contribution on Russian Federation, prefilled from this page<\/figcaption><pre class=\"nx-nr-pre\" tabindex=\"0\"><code>{&#10;  &quot;metadata&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;id&quot;: &quot;dataset&quot;&#10;    },&#10;    &quot;title&quot;: &quot;Evidence on Russian Federation for Nexus Reports&quot;,&#10;    &quot;publication_date&quot;: &quot;YYYY-MM-DD&quot;,&#10;    &quot;creators&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;person_or_org&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;type&quot;: &quot;personal&quot;,&#10;          &quot;family_name&quot;: &quot;Your family name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;given_name&quot;: &quot;Your given name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;identifiers&quot;: [&#10;            {&#10;              &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;orcid&quot;,&#10;              &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;0000-0000-0000-0000&quot;&#10;            }&#10;          ]&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;affiliations&quot;: [&#10;          {&#10;            &quot;id&quot;: &quot;ROR identifier of your organisation&quot;&#10;          }&#10;        ]&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;description&quot;: &quot;What it is, where its record is kept and how it bears on Russian Federation Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026.&quot;,&#10;    &quot;rights&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;id&quot;: &quot;cc-by-4.0&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;subjects&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Nexus Reports&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Russian Federation&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Country Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;related_identifiers&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/&quot;,&#10;        &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;url&quot;,&#10;        &quot;relation_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;issupplementto&quot;&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;publication-report&quot;&#10;        }&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;version&quot;: &quot;1.0.0&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;custom_fields&quot;: {},&#10;  &quot;access&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;record&quot;: &quot;public&quot;,&#10;    &quot;files&quot;: &quot;public&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;files&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;enabled&quot;: true&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;parent&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;communities&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;default&quot;: &quot;nexusreports&quot;&#10;    }&#10;  }&#10;}<\/code><\/pre><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-hook\" data-nx-research-hub=\"slot\" data-nx-research-context=\"{&quot;org&quot;:&quot;GCRI&quot;,&quot;site&quot;:&quot;gcri&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;edition&quot;,&quot;subject&quot;:&quot;Russian Federation&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;Country Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;]}\" hidden><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-rus-pillars\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cc-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-rus-cc-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-rus-cc-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.5<\/span><span>Where this edition sits among the six pillars<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Foundry seals the evidence and Universe tests it; Reports publishes it; Standards takes its corrections and Academy teaches from it.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F03 Sealed observations and indicator series<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F04 After-action and scenario findings for<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F05 National Portfolio movement for chapter<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Applied in editions<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>: applied in editions.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>RUS edition<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Reports<\/span> Russian Federation 2026, published in every format with its sources, citation and corrections.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F06 Method and correction findings as change<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F12 Q4 synthesis informs the next-year<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Taught in the open<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Academy<\/span> Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>What Foundry and Universe hand to this edition, and what it hands to Standards, Universe and Academy. From the programme spine; RUS is a drafted Baseline Edition, so these handoffs run from its first operational quarter.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Handoff<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Between<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What crosses, and when<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F03<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F04<\/span><\/td><td>Universe to Reports<\/td><td>After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F05<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus Standards to Reports<\/td><td>Nexus Standards: applied in editions.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F06<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Nexus Standards<\/td><td>Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F12<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Universe<\/td><td>Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"academy\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Risk Academy<\/td><td>Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-noprint\"><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Send evidence or a correction on Russian Federation.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the GCRI <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Evidence desk. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work. Sent to the wrong desk, it is forwarded, not refused.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI Systems Evidence desk<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/#nx-sec-routing\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See which desk takes what you have<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The routing table opens the contribution page: what you have, the desk that takes it, how each contribution is reviewed and credited, and the licence.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/nexus-reports\/editions\/rus\/full#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><p class=\"nx-note\" data-nr-rights=\"true\"><a class=\"nx-link\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> Free to read. Text and figures: CC BY 4.0. Data: CC0 1.0. Authors keep copyright. Published by GCRI Canada.<\/p><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-rus-full-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-rus-full-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-rus-full-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/urban-flood\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Urban flood<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/risk-science\/risk-information-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Risk information standards and interoperability<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/data\/identification-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Identification (the UNI)<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script><style>@media print { @page { margin: 20mm 17mm 20mm 17mm; @top-left { content: \"Nexus Reports\"; font: 500 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @top-right { content: \"Russian Federation Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026 \\0000b7  Baseline Edition 2026\"; font: 400 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Sans\", sans-serif; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-left { content: \"NR-COUNTRY-RUS-2026-BASELINE \\0000b7  Draft, not released\"; font: 400 7pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-center { content: \"CC BY 4.0. 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