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\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Not indexed until the first approved release.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-reader\"><nav class=\"nrp-rail\" aria-label=\"Contents of Planetary Boundaries and Earth-System Tipping Risk 2026\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Contents<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-toc\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">\u00b7<\/span><span>Edition home<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/summary\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">\u00b7<\/span><span>Executive summary<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/coupled-system\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">1<\/span><span>Pressure builds across the system<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/findings\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">2<\/span><span>Key findings<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/systems-and-sectors\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">3<\/span><span>Systems and sectors at baseline<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/risk-and-capability\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">4<\/span><span>Risks and capability<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/scenario\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">5<\/span><span>Ocean heat and reef loss that overlaps stress on the Atlantic circulation and the Amazon<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/lenses-and-readings\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">6<\/span><span>Readings from the other desks<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/agenda\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">7<\/span><span>The 2027 agenda<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/systems-in-depth\/\" aria-current=\"page\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">8<\/span><span>Systems in depth<\/span><\/a><ol class=\"nrp-toc-sub\"><li><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s1\">8.1 Common causes<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s2\">8.2 Domino effects<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s3\">8.3 Inter-systemic feedbacks<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s4\">8.4 Shared vulnerabilities<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s5\">8.5 Thresholds and tipping<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/methodology\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">A<\/span><span>Methodology<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/data\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">B<\/span><span>Data appendix<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/references\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">C<\/span><span>References and record<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/full\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">\u00b7<\/span><span>Complete edition, for print<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-actions\"><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/full\/\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 18H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><path d=\"M6 9V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6\"\/><rect x=\"6\" y=\"14\" width=\"12\" height=\"8\" rx=\"1\"\/><\/svg>Print or save as PDF<\/a><\/div><\/nav><article class=\"nrp-flow\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-top\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/\">Planetary Boundaries and Earth-System Tipping Risk 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 8<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems in depth<\/h1><p class=\"nrp-lede\">One section per system: its state at evidence close, its exposures and what the operational series will watch.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>8 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>5 tables<\/span><span>20 notes<\/span><span>NR-STRATEGIC-PLANETARY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nrp-toc-m\"><summary>Contents<\/summary><ol class=\"nrp-toc\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">\u00b7<\/span><span>Edition home<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/summary\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">\u00b7<\/span><span>Executive summary<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/coupled-system\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">1<\/span><span>Pressure builds across the system<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/findings\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">2<\/span><span>Key findings<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/systems-and-sectors\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">3<\/span><span>Systems and sectors at baseline<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/risk-and-capability\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">4<\/span><span>Risks and capability<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/scenario\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">5<\/span><span>Ocean heat and reef loss that overlaps stress on the Atlantic circulation and the Amazon<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/lenses-and-readings\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">6<\/span><span>Readings from the other desks<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/agenda\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">7<\/span><span>The 2027 agenda<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/systems-in-depth\/\" aria-current=\"page\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">8<\/span><span>Systems in depth<\/span><\/a><ol class=\"nrp-toc-sub\"><li><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s1\">8.1 Common causes<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s2\">8.2 Domino effects<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s3\">8.3 Inter-systemic feedbacks<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s4\">8.4 Shared vulnerabilities<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s5\">8.5 Thresholds and tipping<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/methodology\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">A<\/span><span>Methodology<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/data\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">B<\/span><span>Data appendix<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/references\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">C<\/span><span>References and record<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/full\/\"><span class=\"nrp-toc-n\">\u00b7<\/span><span>Complete edition, for print<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/details><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.1<\/span><span>Common causes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">One cause can press on many boundaries at once. Fossil carbon warms the surface and acidifies the ocean, and land conversion presses on forests, water and species.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">425.62<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">ppm<\/span><p>global annual mean CO2, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224837.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">GtCO2<\/span><p>fossil CO2 emissions, 2024 (preliminary)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>projected rise in fossil CO2 emissions, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instance<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Mechanism in action<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Fossil carbon<\/td><td>CO2 rising each year; record fossil emissions projected for 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Land conversion<\/td><td>about 75% of land significantly altered<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fertiliser and nutrients<\/td><td>nitrogen and phosphorus flows above their limits<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Novel entities<\/td><td>releases rise faster than assessment capacity<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Pathways in this mechanism<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>ENE \u2192 CLI emissions<\/li><li>FOO \u2192 BIO land and nutrients<\/li><li>MIN \u2192 BIO extraction<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>shares of each cause by boundary<\/li><li>control variable for novel entities<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>The next Global Carbon Budget; annual CO2 means; land-use change reports.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-02 Critical Infrastructure and Lifeline Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-06 Insurance, Protection Gaps and Insurability<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-07 Food\u2013Water\u2013Energy Security<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-07 Climate and Earth Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-11 Biodiversity and Ecosystems<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes causes recorded in public sources. It attributes no single event and assesses no government or company.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.2<\/span><span>Domino effects<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Crossing one threshold can raise the odds of crossing the next. The reassessment of climate tipping points states that crossing some of them can increase the likelihood of crossing others.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">core<\/span><p>tipping elements in the 2022 reassessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">regional<\/span><p>impact tipping elements in the 2022 reassessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">10% to 47%<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\"><\/span><p>of Amazon forests exposed to compounding disturbances by 2050<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instance<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Mechanism in action<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ice sheet to ocean circulation<\/td><td>Greenland melt would affect the Atlantic circulation<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reef loss to people<\/td><td>nearly a billion people and a quarter of marine life depend on reefs<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forest to water<\/td><td>forest loss reduces moisture recycling<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tipping cascades<\/td><td>interacting elements raise the risk of climate domino effects<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Pathways in this mechanism<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 BIO<\/li><li>BIO \u2192 WAT \u2192 FOO<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 CLI ice and ocean<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>cascade strengths between elements<\/li><li>timing of knock-on effects<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Further <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h28\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.climate-state.abrupt-regime-shift\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Climate-state shifts\" data-td=\"A threshold crossing in a large climate-system component, such as an ocean circulation or a rainforest, that changes regional climate quickly and may not reverse.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H28\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">tipping point<\/a> assessments; cascade modelling; observed reef and forest change.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-02 Critical Infrastructure and Lifeline Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-06 Insurance, Protection Gaps and Insurability<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-07 Food\u2013Water\u2013Energy Security<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-07 Climate and Earth Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-11 Biodiversity and Ecosystems<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes dependency sequences. It forecasts no event and recommends no policy.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.3<\/span><span>Inter-systemic feedbacks<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 earth-system\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The integrated set of physical, chemical, biological and human processes that regulate the state of the planet, studied as one coupled system.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earth system<\/a> amplifies and dampens itself. Heat accumulates, seas rise faster, and natural sinks respond to the carbon and heat they absorb.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">0.89<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">W per m\u00b2<\/span><p>Earth energy imbalance, 2005 to 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">mm a year<\/span><p><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">sea-level rise<\/a> rate, 2016 to 2025 (2.1 in 1993 to 2002)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u22487<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>more atmospheric moisture per degree C of warming<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instance<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Mechanism in action<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Heat uptake<\/td><td>energy imbalance has risen in each 20-year period since 1975<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sea level<\/td><td>rate of rise nearly doubled between 1993 to 2002 and 2016 to 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water cycle<\/td><td>warming adds moisture and intensifies the cycle<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ocean carbon uptake<\/td><td>absorbed CO2 acidifies the surface ocean<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Pathways in this mechanism<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 CLI energy imbalance<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 WAT water cycle<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 BIO acidification<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>feedback strengths at global scale<\/li><li>sink response under overshoot<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Annual energy imbalance estimates; sea-level updates; sink assessments in the Global Carbon Budget.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-02 Critical Infrastructure and Lifeline Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-06 Insurance, Protection Gaps and Insurability<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-07 Food\u2013Water\u2013Energy Security<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-07 Climate and Earth Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-11 Biodiversity and Ecosystems<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes feedback loops. It assesses no state or company.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.4<\/span><span>Shared vulnerabilities<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Different boundaries share the same weak points: warm-water reefs, large forests, ice sheets and the people who depend on them.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u22481<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">billion<\/span><p>people who depend on warm-water reefs, nearly<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">86<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of the world population with two or more safe and just boundaries exceeded<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">85<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of the world population above the proposed just air pollution limit<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instance<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Mechanism in action<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Reefs<\/td><td>thermal threshold passed; many people and species depend on them<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forests<\/td><td>compounding disturbance projected for large areas<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Unequal exposure<\/td><td>multiple exceedances concentrate where many people live<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Shared data gaps<\/td><td>no agreed control variable for chemicals and plastics<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Pathways in this mechanism<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 BIO reef loss<\/li><li>BIO \u2192 WAT forest loss<\/li><li>BIO \u2192 FIN lost services<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>regional exposure maps<\/li><li>dependence of livelihoods on specific <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Regional exposure overlays; bleaching reports; forest disturbance data.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-02 Critical Infrastructure and Lifeline Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-06 Insurance, Protection Gaps and Insurability<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-07 Food\u2013Water\u2013Energy Security<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-07 Climate and Earth Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-11 Biodiversity and Ecosystems<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes shared weak points in public sources. It assesses no state, institution or company.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.5<\/span><span>Thresholds and tipping<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A system can absorb stress until a threshold is crossed. Boundaries mark where risk rises. Tipping points mark where change can become self-sustaining.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">degrees C<\/span><p>central threshold estimate, warm-water reefs<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u22481.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">degrees C<\/span><p>central threshold estimate, Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2.84<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">against 2.86<\/span><p>ocean aragonite saturation against its limit<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instance<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Mechanism in action<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Boundary limits<\/td><td>seven of nine control variables beyond their limits<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reef threshold<\/td><td>central estimate passed at about 1.4 degrees C of warming<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ice sheets<\/td><td>central estimates near 1.5 degrees C with wide ranges<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Atlantic circulation<\/td><td>studies disagree on whether it tips this century<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Pathways in this mechanism<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 CLI threshold crossing<\/li><li>BIO \u2192 BIO reef tipping<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 WAT circulation<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>threshold ranges at regional scale<\/li><li>a long record of circulation strength<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Next tipping assessment; observed ice-sheet and reef change; further circulation studies.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-02 Critical Infrastructure and Lifeline Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-06 Insurance, Protection Gaps and Insurability<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-07 Food\u2013Water\u2013Energy Security<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-07 Climate and Earth Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-11 Biodiversity and Ecosystems<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes thresholds in public sources. It is not a prediction and assesses no state or company.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory (ed.), Global annual mean CO2 growth data (annual means 2020 to 2025; 425.62 ppm in 2025). NOAA, Boulder. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Global Carbon Project (ed.), Global Carbon Budget 2024, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 earth-system\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The integrated set of physical, chemical, biological and human processes that regulate the state of the planet, studied as one coupled system.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earth System<\/a> Science Data 17, 965, 2025 (fossil CO2 about 37.4 GtCO2 in 2024; 422.45 ppm projected; remaining 1.5 degrees C budget about 235 GtCO2 from 2025). Global Carbon Project. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Global Carbon Project (ed.), Global Carbon Budget 2025 (landing page: projected 1.1% rise in fossil CO2 emissions, a record high; headline tables not read). Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>IPBES (ed.), Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (media release of 6 May 2019: around one million species threatened; about 75% of land and 66% of marine environment significantly altered). IPBES Secretariat, Bonn. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Globaia (ed.), Planetary boundaries status dashboard (nine boundaries with control-variable values and limits; page last updated 15 June 2026; its summary text still says six while its table shows seven). Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Outside the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 safe-operating-space\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The region within all planetary boundaries in which human development can proceed with a low risk of destabilising the Earth system.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Safe Operating Space<\/a> of the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 planetary-boundary\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A precautionary limit on a human pressure on a key Earth-system process, such as climate, biosphere integrity, nutrient flows, freshwater, land, novel entities, aerosols or ocean chemistry, beyond which the risk of\u2026\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Planetary Boundary<\/a> for Novel Entities, Environmental Science and Technology 56(3), 1510 to 1521, 2022 (abstract read). Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Armstrong McKay, D.I., Staal, A., Abrams, J.F. et al., Exceeding 1.5\u00b0C <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 global-warming\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The rise in global average surface temperature relative to a pre-industrial baseline, the headline indicator of human-driven climate change.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">global warming<\/a> could trigger multiple climate tipping points, Science 377, eabn7950, 2022 (full text read; nine core and seven regional tipping elements). Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Critical transitions in the Amazon forest system, Nature 626, 555 to 564, 2024 (authors not recorded here; abstract read: 10% to 47% of forests exposed to compounding disturbances by 2050). Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>Lenton, T.M. et al. (eds.), Global Tipping Points Report 2025 (release page read, not the full report; 10 October 2025; coral reef threshold central estimate 1.2 degrees C, range 1 to 1.5). University of Exeter, Exeter. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Wang-Erlandsson, L. et al., A planetary boundary for green water, Nature Reviews Earth and Environment 3(6), 380 to 392, 2022 (bibliographic record read, no abstract; no figure taken from it). Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Wunderling, N. et al., Interacting tipping elements increase risk of climate domino effects under global warming, Earth System Dynamics 12, 601 to 619, 2021, cited from memory. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Rocha, J.C., Peterson, G., Bodin, O. and Levin, S., Cascading regime shifts within and across scales, Science 362, 1379 to 1383, 2018, cited from memory. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Indicators of Global Climate Change 2024, Earth System Science Data 17, 2641, 2025 (2015 to 2024 average 1.24 degrees C; 2024 at 1.52; human-induced 1.36; energy imbalance 0.89 W per m\u00b2 for 2005 to 2024). Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), State of the Climate 2025 Update for COP30 (January to August 2025 at 1.42 degrees C; CO2 423.9 ppm in 2024; sea-level rise 4.1 mm a year, 2016 to 2025). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>Global Commission on the Economics of Water (ed.), Turning the Tide: A Call to Collective Action, release page of 17 March 2023 (about 7% more atmospheric moisture per degree C of warming). Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Sakschewski, B., Caesar, L., Rockstr\u00f6m, J. et al., Planetary Health Check 2025: A Scientific Assessment of the State of the Planet (publication page; seven of nine boundaries breached). Planetary Boundaries Science, Potsdam. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Rockstr\u00f6m, J. et al., Safe and just Earth system boundaries, Nature 619, 102 to 111, 2023 (seven of eight globally quantified boundaries exceeded; 52% of land and 86% of population with two or more exceeded). Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Baker, J. et al., Continued Atlantic overturning circulation even under climate extremes, Nature 638, 987 to 994, 2025 (34 models; collapse this century judged unlikely; weakening still expected; abstract and Met Office release read). Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>van Westen, R.M., Kliphuis, M. and Dijkstra, H.A., Physics-based early warning signal shows that AMOC is on tipping course, Science Advances 10, eadk1189, 2024 (full text read). Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Ditlevsen, P. and Ditlevsen, S., Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, Nature Communications 14, 4254, 2023 (abstract read: collapse estimated around mid-century; a 2025 erratum is listed and was not read). Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block nrp-noprint\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-cite\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-cite-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-09-c8-cite-h\"><span>Cite this chapter<\/span><\/h2><pre class=\"nrp-pre\">Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Chapter 8: Systems in depth. In Strategic Systems Report 2026: Planetary Boundaries and Earth-System Tipping Risk (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-STRATEGIC-PLANETARY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI).<\/pre><p class=\"nrp-note\">Every citation form of the whole report, BibTeX and RIS included, is on the edition home. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/#nx-nrp-sr-09-land-cite\">Cite this report<\/a><\/p><\/section><nav class=\"nrp-pager\" aria-label=\"Previous and next\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/agenda\/\" rel=\"prev\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Previous \u00b7 Chapter 7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-pager-t\">The 2027 agenda<\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-09\/methodology\/\" rel=\"next\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Next \u00b7 Annex A<\/span><span class=\"nrp-pager-t\">Methodology<\/span><\/a><\/nav><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-noprint\"><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Send evidence or a correction on Planetary Boundaries and Earth-System Tipping Risk.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Evidence desk. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work. Sent to the wrong desk, it is forwarded, not refused.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI Systems Evidence desk<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Strategic Systems<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. 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A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><p class=\"nx-note\" data-nr-rights=\"true\"><a class=\"nx-link\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> Free to read. Text and figures: CC BY 4.0. Data: CC0 1.0. Authors keep copyright. Published by GCRI Canada.<\/p><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-al-nexus-reports-editions-sr-09-systems-in-depth-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-al-nexus-reports-editions-sr-09-systems-in-depth-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-al-nexus-reports-editions-sr-09-systems-in-depth-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/urban-flood\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Urban flood<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/risk-science\/risk-information-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Risk information standards and interoperability<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/data\/identification-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Identification (the UNI)<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script><style>@media print { @page { margin: 20mm 17mm 20mm 17mm; @top-left { content: \"Nexus Reports\"; font: 500 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @top-right { content: \"Planetary Boundaries and Earth-System Tipping Risk 2026 \\0000b7  Chapter 8\"; font: 400 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Sans\", sans-serif; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-left { content: \"NR-STRATEGIC-PLANETARY-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE \\0000b7  Draft, not released\"; font: 400 7pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-center { content: \"CC BY 4.0. 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