{"id":1534,"date":"2026-11-04T11:43:50","date_gmt":"2026-11-04T11:43:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/full\/"},"modified":"2026-11-04T18:24:47","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T18:24:47","slug":"full","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/full\/","title":{"rendered":"Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons 2026: complete edition"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- Nexus Reports \u00b7 GCRI \u00b7 https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/full\/ \u00b7 source sha256:201fbb08da6dad0411c44242ea1566d86658c6d13aa2c3653af7138cc5763436 \u00b7 generated by integrations\/wordpress\/nexus-reports\/build.mjs, never edit this file --><script>window.nexusLiveStrings={\"label\":\"Load the live map\",\"note\":\"Imagery and feeds come from other services (NASA, USGS, OpenStreetMap) and load only when you ask.\"};<\/script><script>(function(){\"use strict\";var n=window,l=document,A=\"nexus.live-map\",K=\"nexus.live-map.reload\";if(n.NXLive){return}var B=[{\"id\":\"gibs\",\"host\":\"gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov\",\"path\":\"^\/(wmts|wms|legends|colormaps)\/\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/gibs\",\"credit\":\"NASA GIBS\",\"test\":[\"\/wmts\/epsg3857\/best\/BlueMarble_ShadedRelief_Bathymetry\/default\/GoogleMapsCompatible_Level8\/2\/1\/1.jpeg\",\"\/wmts\/epsg3857\/best\/OPERA_L3_Dynamic_Surface_Water_Extent-HLS\/default\/2026-10-30\/GoogleMapsCompatible_Level12\/3\/2\/4.png\",\"\/wmts\/epsg4326\/best\/ASTER_GDEM_Greyscale_Shaded_Relief\/default\/250m\/0\/0\/0.jpg\",\"\/wmts\/epsg3857\/best\/GOES-East_ABI_GeoColor\/default\/2026-10-31T12:00:00Z\/GoogleMapsCompatible_Level7\/1\/0\/0.png\",\"\/wmts\/epsg4326\/best\/1.0.0\/WMTSCapabilities.xml\",\"\/wms\/epsg4326\/best\/wms.cgi?SERVICE=WMS\\u0026REQUEST=GetMap\\u0026LAYERS=ASTER_GDEM_Color_Index\",\"\/legends\/GPM_Precipitation_Rate_H.svg\"]},{\"id\":\"eonet\",\"host\":\"eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\",\"path\":\"^\/api\/v3\/\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/eonet\",\"credit\":\"NASA EONET\",\"test\":[\"\/api\/v3\/events?status=open\\u0026days=20\",\"\/api\/v3\/events\/geojson?status=open\\u0026days=7\"]},{\"id\":\"usgs\",\"host\":\"earthquake.usgs.gov\",\"path\":\"^\/earthquakes\/feed\/v1\\\\.0\/summary\/\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/usgs\",\"credit\":\"U.S. Geological Survey\",\"test\":[\"\/earthquakes\/feed\/v1.0\/summary\/4.5_week.geojson\"]},{\"id\":\"power\",\"host\":\"power.larc.nasa.gov\",\"path\":\"^\/api\/temporal\/\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/power\",\"credit\":\"NASA POWER\",\"test\":[\"\/api\/temporal\/daily\/point?parameters=T2M\\u0026community=RE\\u0026longitude=13.4\\u0026latitude=52.5\\u0026start=20261001\\u0026end=20261010\\u0026format=JSON\"]},{\"id\":\"open-meteo\",\"host\":\"open-meteo.com\",\"subs\":[\"api\",\"flood-api\",\"ensemble-api\",\"air-quality-api\",\"marine-api\",\"archive-api\",\"historical-forecast-api\"],\"path\":\"^\/v1\/\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/open-meteo\",\"credit\":\"Open-Meteo.com\",\"test\":[\"\/flood-api\/v1\/flood?latitude=52.5\\u0026longitude=13.4\\u0026daily=river_discharge\",\"\/api\/v1\/forecast?latitude=1\\u0026longitude=2\\u0026hourly=temperature_2m\"]},{\"id\":\"metno\",\"host\":\"api.met.no\",\"path\":\"^\/weatherapi\/locationforecast\/2\\\\.0\/(compact|complete)$\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/metno\",\"credit\":\"MET Norway\",\"test\":[\"\/weatherapi\/locationforecast\/2.0\/compact?lat=45.2\\u0026lon=8.45\"]},{\"id\":\"oisst\",\"host\":\"coastwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov\",\"path\":\"^\/erddap\/griddap\/ncdcOisst21Agg_LonPM180\\\\.json$\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/oisst\",\"credit\":\"NOAA OISST v2.1 (CoastWatch ERDDAP)\",\"test\":[\"\/erddap\/griddap\/ncdcOisst21Agg_LonPM180.json?sst%5B(last)%5D%5B(0.0)%5D%5B(43.5)%5D%5B(7.5)%5D\"]},{\"id\":\"terrain\",\"host\":\"elevation-tiles-prod.s3.amazonaws.com\",\"path\":\"^\/terrarium\/\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/terrain\",\"credit\":\"Terrain Tiles (Mapzen, AWS Open Data)\",\"test\":[\"\/terrarium\/3\/4\/2.png\"]},{\"id\":\"ofm\",\"host\":\"tiles.openfreemap.org\",\"path\":\"^\/(styles|planet|fonts|sprites|natural_earth)(\/|$)\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/ofm\",\"credit\":\"OpenFreeMap, OpenMapTiles, OpenStreetMap contributors\",\"test\":[\"\/styles\/dark\",\"\/planet\",\"\/planet\/20261029_001001_pt\/3\/4\/2.pbf\",\"\/fonts\/Noto%20Sans%20Regular\/0-255.pbf\",\"\/sprites\/ofm_f384\/ofm@2x.json\"]},{\"id\":\"geoboundaries\",\"host\":\"www.geoboundaries.org\",\"path\":\"^\/api\/current\/\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/geoboundaries\",\"credit\":\"geoBoundaries\",\"test\":[\"\/api\/current\/gbOpen\/KEN\/ADM1\/\"]},{\"id\":\"gh-raw\",\"host\":\"raw.githubusercontent.com\",\"path\":\"^\/wmgeolab\/geoBoundaries\/\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/gh-raw\",\"credit\":\"geoBoundaries\",\"test\":[\"\/wmgeolab\/geoBoundaries\/9469f09\/releaseData\/gbOpen\/KEN\/ADM1\/geoBoundaries-KEN-ADM1_simplified.geojson\"]},{\"id\":\"gh-media\",\"host\":\"media.githubusercontent.com\",\"path\":\"^\/media\/wmgeolab\/geoBoundaries\/\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/gh-media\",\"credit\":\"geoBoundaries\",\"test\":[\"\/media\/wmgeolab\/geoBoundaries\/9469f09\/releaseData\/gbOpen\/KEN\/ADM1\/geoBoundaries-KEN-ADM1_simplified.geojson\"]},{\"id\":\"jsdelivr\",\"host\":\"cdn.jsdelivr.net\",\"path\":\"^\/npm\/(maplibre-gl|h3-js|pmtiles)@[0-9]+\\\\.[0-9]+\\\\.[0-9]+\/dist\/\",\"to\":\"\/nx-data\/jsdelivr\",\"credit\":\"\",\"test\":[\"\/npm\/maplibre-gl@6.9.1\/dist\/maplibre-gl.mjs\",\"\/npm\/h3-js@4.5.0\/dist\/h3-js.umd.js\"]}];var T=[\/(^|\\.)gibs\\.earthdata\\.nasa\\.gov$\/i,\/(^|\\.)eonet\\.gsfc\\.nasa\\.gov$\/i,\/(^|\\.)power\\.larc\\.nasa\\.gov$\/i,\/(^|\\.)earthquake\\.usgs\\.gov$\/i,\/(^|\\.)open-meteo\\.com$\/i,\/(^|\\.)openfreemap\\.org$\/i,\/(^|\\.)openstreetmap\\.org$\/i,\/(^|\\.)cartocdn\\.com$\/i,\/(^|\\.)arcgisonline\\.com$\/i,\/(^|\\.)maplibre\\.org$\/i,\/(^|\\.)protomaps\\.com$\/i,\/(^|\\.)versatiles\\.org$\/i,\/(^|\\.)amazonaws\\.com$\/i,\/(^|\\.)raw\\.githubusercontent\\.com$\/i,\/(^|\\.)media\\.githubusercontent\\.com$\/i,\/(^|\\.)geoboundaries\\.org$\/i,\/(^|\\.)jsdelivr\\.net$\/i,\/(^|\\.)unpkg\\.com$\/i,\/(^|\\.)cdn[j]s\\.cloudflare\\.com$\/i,\/(^|\\.)googleapis\\.com$\/i,\/(^|\\.)gstatic\\.com$\/i];var W=n.nexusLiveStrings?n.nexusLiveStrings:{};var H={label:W.label?W.label:\"Load the live map\",note:\"Some layers of this map come from another service. They load only when you ask.\"};var J=[\"experience\",\"external\",\"optional-content\",\"embeds\",\"media\"];var v=[],f=[],C=0;function z(e,t,r,a){if(typeof e!==\"string\"){return\"\"}if(e.slice(0,8).toLowerCase()!==\"https:\/\/\"){return\"\"}var i=\/^https:\\\/\\\/([A-Za-z0-9.-]+)(?::443)?(\\\/[^?#]*)?(\\?[^#]*)?\/.exec(e);if(!i){return\"\"}var o=i[1].toLowerCase(),s=i[2]?i[2]:\"\/\",R=i[3]?i[3]:\"\";for(var m=0;m<t.length;m++){var h=t[m],L=\"\";if(h.subs){var M=\".\"+h.host;if(o.length<=M.length){continue}if(o.slice(o.length-M.length)!==M){continue}L=o.slice(0,o.length-M.length);if(h.subs.indexOf(L)<0){continue}}else if(o!==h.host){continue}if(!new RegExp(h.path).test(s)){continue}return r+a+h.to.slice(9)+(L?\"\/\"+L:\"\")+s+R}return\"\"}var O=n.location.protocol===\"https:\"?n.location.origin:n.location.protocol===\"http:\"?n.location.origin:\"\";var u=typeof n.NX_DATA_BASE===\"string\"?n.NX_DATA_BASE:\"\/nx-data\/\";if(u.charAt(u.length-1)!==\"\/\"){u+=\"\/\"}var D=O!==\"\"?n.NX_DATA!==false:false;function F(e){if(!e){return\"\"}if(typeof e===\"string\"){return e}if(e.url){return String(e.url)}if(e.href){return String(e.href)}return String(e)}function p(e){return D?z(F(e),B,O,u):\"\"}var k={};function oe(e){var t=e.slice(O.length+u.length);return t.slice(0,t.indexOf(\"\/\"))}function j(e,t){var r=oe(e),a=k[r]=k[r]||{req:0,ok:0,fail:0};a[t]++}function se(){try{if(n.localStorage.getItem(A)===\"1\"){return true}}catch(e){}try{return n.sessionStorage.getItem(A)===\"1\"}catch(e){return false}}function $(){var e=n.nexusConsent;if(!e){return null}return typeof e.allows===\"function\"?e:null}function le(){var e=n.nexusConsent;if(!e){return false}if(typeof e.granted!==\"function\"){return false}for(var t=0;t<J.length;t++){try{if(e.granted(J[t])){return true}}catch(r){}}return false}function I(e,t){if(typeof e.features!==\"function\"){return false}try{return e.features().indexOf(t)>=0}catch(r){return false}}function Y(e){var t=n.nexusConsent;if(!t){return false}if(typeof t.switchedOff!==\"function\"){return false}try{return t.switchedOff(e)===true}catch(r){return false}}function b(){var e=$();if(e){var t=I(e,\"map-embeds\")?\"map-embeds\":\"maps\";try{if(e.allows(t)===true){return true}}catch(r){}}return se()?true:le()}function d(e){var t=e?e:\"maps\";if(t===\"map-embeds\"){return b()}return!Y(t===\"globe\"?\"globe\":\"maps\")?!Y(\"maps\"):false}function ce(e){try{var t=new URL(F(e),l.baseURI);if(t.protocol!==\"http:\"){if(t.protocol!==\"https:\"){return\"\"}}return t.origin===n.location.origin?\"\":t.hostname}catch(r){return\"\"}}var Z=0;function g(e){var t=ce(e);if(!t){return false}var r=false;for(var a=0;a<T.length;a++){if(T[a].test(t)){r=true;break}}if(!r){return false}if(p(e)){return!d(\"maps\")}if(b()){return false}C++;Z++;return true}var q=0;function c(){if(q){return}q=setTimeout(function(){q=0;U()},250)}function y(e){setTimeout(function(){try{e.dispatchEvent(new Event(\"error\"))}catch(t){}},0)}var N=n.fetch;if(N){n.fetch=function(e,t){var r=p(e);if(r){if(!d(\"maps\")){C++;c();return Promise.reject(new TypeError(\"Maps are switched off in your privacy choices\"))}var a=e;if(typeof e===\"string\"){a=r}else if(n.Request?e instanceof n.Request:false){a=new n.Request(r,e)}else{a=r}j(r,\"req\");var i=arguments.length>1?N.call(n,a,t):N.call(n,a);i.then(function(o){j(r,o.ok?\"ok\":\"fail\")},function(o){if(o?o.name!==\"AbortError\":true){j(r,\"fail\")}});return i}if(g(e)){c();return Promise.reject(new TypeError(\"Blocked until the live map is loaded\"))}return N.apply(this,arguments)}}var x=n.XMLHttpRequest?n.XMLHttpRequest.prototype:null;if(x){var fe=x.open,ue=x.send;x.open=function(e,t){var r=p(t);if(r){arguments[1]=r}this.__nxLiveUrl=r?r:t;return fe.apply(this,arguments)};x.send=function(){if(g(this.__nxLiveUrl)){c();y(this);return}return ue.apply(this,arguments)}}var w=n.HTMLImageElement?Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(n.HTMLImageElement.prototype,\"src\"):null;if(w){if(w.set){Object.defineProperty(n.HTMLImageElement.prototype,\"src\",{configurable:true,enumerable:w.enumerable,get:w.get,set:function(e){var t=p(e);if(g(e)){c();y(this);return}w.set.call(this,t?t:e)}})}}var _=n.Element?n.Element.prototype.setAttribute:null;if(_){n.Element.prototype.setAttribute=function(e,t){if(e===\"src\"){if(this.tagName===\"IMG\"){if(g(t)){c();y(this);return}var r=p(t);if(r){return _.call(this,e,r)}}}return _.apply(this,arguments)}}function Q(e){if(!e){return false}var t=e.tagName===\"SCRIPT\"?\"src\":e.tagName===\"LINK\"?\"href\":\"\";if(!t){return false}var r=e.getAttribute?e.getAttribute(t):\"\";var a=r?p(r):\"\";if(a){_.call(e,t,a);return false}return g(e[t])}if(n.Node){var pe=n.Node.prototype.appendChild,de=n.Node.prototype.insertBefore;n.Node.prototype.appendChild=function(e){if(Q(e)){c();y(e);return e}return pe.apply(this,arguments)};n.Node.prototype.insertBefore=function(e){if(Q(e)){c();y(e);return e}return de.apply(this,arguments)}}var S=n.Worker;if(S?D:false){var ge=\"(function(){var T=\"+JSON.stringify(B)+\",O=\"+JSON.stringify(O)+\",B=\"+JSON.stringify(u)+\",R=\"+z.toString()+',f=self.fetch;if(!f){return;}self.fetch=function(i,o){var u=typeof i===\"string\"?i:(i?(i.url?i.url:String(i)):\"\"),r=R(u,T,O,B);if(r){i=(typeof i===\"string\"?r:(typeof Request!==\"undefined\"?(i instanceof Request?new Request(r,i):r):r));}return arguments.length>1?f.call(self,i,o):f.call(self,i);};})();\\n';var P=function(e,t){if(!(this instanceof P)){return new S(e,t)}try{var r=new URL(String(e),l.baseURI);if(r.protocol===\"blob:\"?true:r.origin===n.location.origin){var a=t?t.type===\"module\":false;var i=ge+(a?\"import \"+JSON.stringify(r.href)+\";\\n\":\"importScripts(\"+JSON.stringify(r.href)+\");\\n\");return new S(URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([i],{type:\"text\/javascript\"})),t)}}catch(o){}return new S(e,t)};P.prototype=S.prototype;try{n.Worker=P}catch(e){}}var V='[data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\"],[data-nx-le],[data-nx-eo],[data-grx-globe],[data-grx-obs],.nx-sb[data-nx-sb]';function ee(){var e=[l];var t=l.querySelectorAll(\"*\");for(var r=0;r<t.length;r++){if(t[r].shadowRoot){e.push(t[r].shadowRoot)}}return e}function G(){return d(\"maps\")?Z>0?!b():false:true}function te(){var e=$();if(e){if(typeof e.enable===\"function\"){if(!d(\"maps\")){try{e.enable(\"maps\",\"site\")}catch(t){}try{e.enable(\"globe\",\"site\")}catch(t){}}if(I(e,\"map-embeds\")){try{e.enable(\"map-embeds\",\"site\")}catch(t){}}else{try{e.enable(\"maps\",\"site\")}catch(t){}}E();return}}try{n.localStorage.setItem(A,\"1\")}catch(t){try{n.sessionStorage.setItem(A,\"1\")}catch(r){}}E()}function me(e,t){var r=e.createElement(\"button\");r.type=\"button\";r.textContent=H.label;r.setAttribute(\"style\",\"pointer-events:auto;min-height:44px;min-width:44px;padding:0 18px;cursor:pointer;font:inherit;font-weight:600;font-size:14px;line-height:1.2;border-radius:2px;border:1px solid var(--nx-border-strong,#8a8a8a);background:var(--nx-text-primary,#111);color:var(--nx-bg-canvas,#fff)\");var a=\"nx-live-note-\"+Math.floor(Math.random()*1e9);r.setAttribute(\"aria-describedby\",a);r.addEventListener(\"click\",te);r.addEventListener(\"focus\",function(){r.style.outline=\"2px solid var(--nx-focus,#4c9aff)\";r.style.outlineOffset=\"2px\"});r.addEventListener(\"blur\",function(){r.style.outline=\"\"});var i=e.createElement(\"span\");i.id=a;i.textContent=H.note;i.setAttribute(\"style\",\"pointer-events:none;font-size:12px;line-height:1.4;padding:3px 7px;border-radius:2px;background:var(--nx-bg-canvas,#fff);color:var(--nx-text-secondary,#333);border:1px solid var(--nx-border-hairline,#bbb);max-width:34em\");t.appendChild(r);t.appendChild(i)}function he(e){var t=e.ownerDocument;var r=t.createElement(\"div\");r.className=\"nx-live-gate\";r.setAttribute(\"style\",\"position:absolute;inset-block-start:10px;inset-inline-start:10px;z-index:6;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:6px;max-width:calc(100% - 20px);pointer-events:none;font:inherit\");var a=$();var i=false;if(a){if(typeof a.placeholder===\"function\"){try{var o=t.createElement(\"div\");o.setAttribute(\"style\",\"pointer-events:auto\");r.appendChild(o);a.placeholder(o,d(\"maps\")?I(a,\"map-embeds\")?\"map-embeds\":\"maps\":\"maps\");i=o.childNodes.length>0;if(!i){r.removeChild(o)}}catch(s){i=false}}}if(!i){me(t,r)}return r}function U(){if(!G()){return}var e=ee();for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){var r=e[t].querySelectorAll(V);for(var a=0;a<r.length;a++){var i=r[a];if(i.getAttribute(\"data-nx-live-gate\")){continue}if(i.closest(\".nx-live-gate\")){continue}var o=i.getBoundingClientRect();if(o.width<120){continue}var s=i.querySelector(\".le-stage,.eo-stage\");if(!s){if(i.hasAttribute(\"data-nx-le\")?true:i.hasAttribute(\"data-nx-eo\")){continue}s=i}i.setAttribute(\"data-nx-live-gate\",\"1\");var R=n.getComputedStyle(s);if(R.position===\"static\"){s.style.position=\"relative\"}var m=he(s);s.appendChild(m);f.push({host:i,wrap:m,stage:s})}}ve()}function ve(){for(var e=0;e<f.length;e++){var t=f[e].stage,r=t?t.querySelector(\".nx-wm-presets\"):null;var a=r?r.getBoundingClientRect():null;if(a?a.height>0:false){var i=Math.round(a.bottom-t.getBoundingClientRect().top+8)+\"px\";if(f[e].wrap.style.insetBlockStart!==i){f[e].wrap.style.insetBlockStart=i}}}}function be(){for(var e=0;e<f.length;e++){try{f[e].wrap.remove()}catch(t){}try{f[e].host.removeAttribute(\"data-nx-live-gate\")}catch(t){}}f=[]}function ye(e,t,r){v.push({name:e,selector:t,fn:r});if(X){try{r(\"on\")}catch(a){}}}function xe(e){for(var t=0;t<v.length;t++){try{v[t].fn(e)}catch(r){}}}function we(){var e=[],t=ee();for(var r=0;r<t.length;r++){var a=t[r].querySelectorAll(V);for(var i=0;i<a.length;i++){var o=false;for(var s=0;s<v.length;s++){try{if(a[i].matches(v[s].selector)){o=true;break}}catch(R){}}if(!o){e.push(a[i])}}}return e}function Se(e){if(C===0){return}if(we().length===0){return}var t=e?\"on\":\"off\";try{if(n.sessionStorage.getItem(K)===t){return}n.sessionStorage.setItem(K,t)}catch(r){return}n.location.reload()}function re(){return!G()}var X=re();var ne=b();function E(){var e=re(),t=b(),r=e!==X?true:t!==ne;ne=t;if(!r){if(!e){c()}return}X=e;if(e){be()}xe(e?\"on\":\"off\");if(!e){c()}try{l.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(\"nexus:live-map\",{detail:{granted:e}}))}catch(a){}Se(e)}function ae(){U();if(n.MutationObserver){var e=new n.MutationObserver(function(){if(!G()){return}c()});e.observe(l.documentElement,{childList:true,subtree:true});setTimeout(function(){e.disconnect()},2e4)}}if(l.readyState===\"loading\"){l.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",ae)}else{ae()}n.addEventListener(\"load\",function(){setTimeout(U,400)});l.addEventListener(\"nexus-consent:ready\",E);l.addEventListener(\"nexus-consent:change\",E);var ie=0;var Ee=setInterval(function(){ie++;E();if(ie>40){clearInterval(Ee)}},400);n.NXData={url:function(e){return p(e)},table:B,base:u,on:D,stats:function(){return JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(k))}};n.NXLive={allowed:d,blocked:g,grant:te,register:ye,hosts:T.length,data:n.NXData}})();<\/script><style>.pix-dark-mode-switch, .bx-color-mode-toggle, .color-switcher, .page-headline { display: none !important; }<\/style><script type=\"text\/x-nexus\" class=\"_iub_cs_skip\" id=\"nxe-mount\" data-nx-run=\"mount\">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<\/script><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\" id=\"nxe-boot\">if(typeof window.__nxStill!==\"function\")window.__nxStill=function(){try{if(document.documentElement.hasAttribute(\"data-nx-still\"))return true;if(document.body?\/(?:^|\\s)mdp-readabler-stop-animations(?:\\s|$)\/.test(document.body.className):false)return true;var _=JSON.parse(window.localStorage.getItem(\"readabler\")||\"{}\");return _?_.stopAnimations===true||_.stopAnimations===\"true\"||_.stopAnimations===1:false}catch(K){return false}};(function(){function _(r,i){var f=atob(r),o=new Uint8Array(f.length),e;for(e=0;e< f.length;e++){o[e]=f.charCodeAt(e)}var s=0,a=0,u=0,n=new Uint8Array(Math.max(1024,o.length*6)),t=0;var c=[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,13,15,17,19,23,27,31,35,43,51,59,67,83,99,115,131,163,195,227,258];var d=[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,0];var m=[1,2,3,4,5,7,9,13,17,25,33,49,65,97,129,193,257,385,513,769,1025,1537,2049,3073,4097,6145,8193,12289,16385,24577];var E=[0,0,0,0,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,13,13];var lt=[16,17,18,0,8,7,9,6,10,5,11,4,12,3,13,2,14,1,15];function b(h){while(u< h){if(s>=o.length){throw new Error(\"nx-inflate: truncated\")}a|=o[s++]<< u;u+=8}var w=a%(1<< h);a>>>=h;u-=h;return w}function S(h,w,v){var g=new Uint16Array(16),A=new Uint16Array(16),p=new Uint16Array(v),x;for(x=0;x< v;x++){g[h[w+x]]++}g[0]=0;for(x=1;x<16;x++){A[x]=A[x-1]+g[x-1]}for(x=0;x< v;x++){if(h[w+x]){p[A[h[w+x]]++]=x}}return{count:g,sym:p}}function P(h){var w=0,v=0,g=0,A,p;for(A=1;A<16;A++){w|=b(1);p=h.count[A];if(w-p< v){return h.sym[g+(w-v)]}g+=p;v+=p;v<<=1;w<<=1}throw new Error(\"nx-inflate: bad code\")}function B(h){if(t+h<=n.length){return}var w=new Uint8Array(Math.max(n.length*2,t+h));w.set(n.subarray(0,t));n=w}var q=null,Z=null,k=0;while(!k){k=b(1);var J=b(2),H,F;if(J===0){a=0;u=0;var R=o[s]|o[s+1]<<8;s+=4;B(R);n.set(o.subarray(s,s+R),t);t+=R;s+=R;continue}if(J===1){if(!q){var tt=new Uint8Array(288),nt=new Uint8Array(30);for(e=0;e<288;e++){tt[e]=e<144?8:e<256?9:e<280?7:8}for(e=0;e<30;e++){nt[e]=5}q=S(tt,0,288);Z=S(nt,0,30)}H=q;F=Z}else if(J===2){var G=b(5)+257,et=b(5)+1,xt=b(4)+4,N=new Uint8Array(320),rt=new Uint8Array(19);for(e=0;e< xt;e++){rt[lt[e]]=b(3)}var ht=S(rt,0,19),I=0;while(I< G+et){var $=P(ht),X=0,at=0;if($<16){N[I++]=$;continue}if($===16){if(!I){throw new Error(\"nx-inflate: bad repeat\")}at=N[I-1];X=3+b(2)}else if($===17){X=3+b(3)}else{X=11+b(7)}while(X--){N[I++]=at}}H=S(N,0,G);F=S(N,G,et)}else{throw new Error(\"nx-inflate: bad block\")}for(;;){var y=P(H);if(y<256){B(1);n[t++]=y;continue}if(y===256){break}y-=257;var it=c[y]+b(d[y]),ot=P(F),ut=m[ot]+b(E[ot]);if(ut>t){throw new Error(\"nx-inflate: bad distance\")}B(it);for(var ft=0;ft< it;ft++){n[t]=n[t-ut];t++}}}return i?n.subarray(0,t):new TextDecoder(\"utf-8\").decode(n.subarray(0,t))}if(typeof window.__nxInflate!==\"function\"){window.__nxInflate=_}function K(r){var i=_(r,true),f=i[0]|i[1]<<8|i[2]<<16|i[3]<<24;var o=i.subarray(4+f);function e(s,a){var u=\"\",n=o.subarray(s,s+a);for(var t=0;a>t;t+=8192){u+=String.fromCharCode.apply(null,n.subarray(t,t+8192))}return btoa(u)}return JSON.parse(new TextDecoder(\"utf-8\").decode(i.subarray(4,4+f)),function(s,a){return a?a.$b?e(a.$b[0],a.$b[1]):a:a})}if(typeof window.__nxUnpack!==\"function\"){window.__nxUnpack=K}if(typeof window.__nxLate!==\"function\"){window.__nxLate=function(r,i){if(document.readyState!==\"loading\"){return null}if(!document.querySelector('template[data-nx-libs-last~=\"'+r+'\"]')){return null}return new Promise(function(f,o){document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){var e=i();if(e){f(e)}else{o(new Error(\"nx-late: \"+r))}},{once:true})})}}if(typeof window.__nxAsset!==\"function\"){var U={};window.__nxAsset=function(r,i){if(U[r]){return U[r]}var f=document.getElementById(\"nxe-boot\"),o=[],e=window.NX_ASSET_BASE,s=f?f.getAttribute(\"data-nx-asset-base\"):\"\";if(e){o.push(String(e))}if(s){o.push(s)}o.push(\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/nexus-assets\/\");function a(t){if(!i){return t}return crypto.subtle.digest(\"SHA-256\",new TextEncoder().encode(t)).then(function(c){if(\"sha256-\"+btoa(String.fromCharCode.apply(null,new Uint8Array(c)))!==i){throw new Error(\"nx-asset: integrity\")}return t})}function u(t){if(t>=o.length){return Promise.reject(new Error(\"nx-asset: \"+r))}var c=o[t].charAt(o[t].length-1)===\"\/\"?o[t]:o[t]+\"\/\";return fetch(c+r,{credentials:\"omit\"}).then(function(d){if(!d.ok){throw new Error(\"nx-asset: \"+d.status)}return d.text()}).then(a).then(null,function(){return u(t+1)})}var n=u(0);U[r]=n;n.then(null,function(){delete U[r]});return n}}if(typeof window.__nxText!==\"function\"){window.__nxText=function(r){if(!r){return Promise.reject(new Error(\"nx-text: none\"))}var i=r.getAttribute(\"data-nx-asset\");if(i?!r.textContent:false){return window.__nxAsset(i,r.getAttribute(\"data-nx-sri\")||\"\")}return Promise.resolve(r.textContent)}}var j=null;function Q(r){var i=window.NX_RUNTIME||{},f=i.base||window.NX_RUNTIME_BASE||\"\";if(!f||!window.fetch){return Promise.resolve(null)}if(!j){j=fetch(f+\"manifest.json\",{credentials:\"same-origin\",cache:\"no-store\"}).then(function(o){return o.ok?o.json():null}).then(null,function(){return null})}return j.then(function(o){var e=o?(o.files||o)[r.replace(\/\\.[0-9a-f]{12}(\\.js)$\/,\"$1\")]:null;return e?e.file?[f+e.file,e.sri||\"\"]:null:null})}function st(r){var i=r.getAttribute(\"data-nx-asset\");if(i?!r.textContent:false){return window.__nxAsset(i,r.getAttribute(\"data-nx-sri\")||\"\").then(function(n){return window.__nxInflate(n)})}var f=r.getAttribute(\"data-nx-src\");if(f?!r.textContent:false){var o=window.NX_RUNTIME||{},e=o.base||window.NX_RUNTIME_BASE||\"\",s=(o.files||{})[f.replace(\/\\.[0-9a-f]{12}(\\.js)$\/,\"$1\")]||null,a=[];if(e){a.push([e+f,r.getAttribute(\"data-nx-sri\")||\"\"])}if(s?!!s.url:false){a.push([s.url,s.sri||\"\"])}var u=function(n){if(n===a.length?!a.live:false){a.live=true;return Q(f).then(function(c){if(!c){throw new Error(\"nx-lazy: \"+f)}a.push(c);return u(n)})}if(n>=a.length){return Promise.reject(new Error(\"nx-lazy: \"+f))}var t={credentials:\"same-origin\"};if(a[n][1]){t.integrity=a[n][1]}return fetch(a[n][0],t).then(function(c){if(!c.ok){throw new Error(\"nx-lazy: \"+c.status)}return c.text()}).then(null,function(){return u(n+1)})};return u(0)}return Promise.resolve(window.__nxInflate(r.textContent))}function ct(r){var i=r[0].getAttribute(\"data-nx-on-sight\")||\"[data-nx-map]\",f=null,o=false;function e(){if(o){return}o=true;if(f){f.disconnect()}var a=document.querySelectorAll(\"script[data-nx-on-sight][data-nx-asset]:not([data-nx-run])\"),u=[];for(var n=0;n!==a.length;n++){(function(t){if(t.textContent){return}u.push(window.__nxAsset(t.getAttribute(\"data-nx-asset\"),t.getAttribute(\"data-nx-sri\")||\"\").then(function(c){t.textContent=c;t.removeAttribute(\"data-nx-asset\")},function(){t.setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"failed\")}))})(a[n])}Promise.all(u.concat(r.map(function(t){return st(t).then(null,function(){return null})}))).then(function(t){var c=t.slice(u.length);for(var d=0;d!==r.length;d++){if(c[d]===null){r[d].setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"failed\");continue}var m=document.createElement(\"script\");m.className=\"_iub_cs_skip\";m.setAttribute(\"data-nx-runtime\",r[d].getAttribute(\"data-nx-run\"));m.textContent=c[d];(document.head||document.documentElement).appendChild(m);r[d].setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"true\")}try{document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(\"nexus:lazy-ready\"))}catch(E){}})}function s(){if(o){return}var a=[document],u=document.querySelectorAll(\".nxe-host\"),n=[],t,c;for(t=0;t!==u.length;t++){if(u[t].shadowRoot){a.push(u[t].shadowRoot)}}for(t=0;t!==a.length;t++){c=a[t].querySelectorAll(i);for(var d=0;d!==c.length;d++){n.push(c[d])}}if(!n.length){return}if(!window.IntersectionObserver){e();return}f=f||new IntersectionObserver(function(m){for(var E=0;E!==m.length;E++){if(m[E].isIntersecting){e();return}}},{rootMargin:\"800px 0px 800px 0px\"});for(t=0;t!==n.length;t++){if(!n[t].__nxLazySeen){n[t].__nxLazySeen=true;f.observe(n[t])}}}document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",s);document.addEventListener(\"nexus:runtime-ready\",s);window.addEventListener(\"load\",s);setTimeout(s,0)}var V=document.querySelectorAll(\"script[data-nx-run]\"),C=[],z=[];for(var D=0;D< V.length;D++){var l=V[D];if(l.hasAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\")){continue}if(l.hasAttribute(\"data-nx-on-sight\")){l.setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"waiting\");z.push(l);continue}if(l.hasAttribute(\"data-nx-src\")?!l.textContent:false){l.setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"loading\");C.push(l);continue}if(l.hasAttribute(\"data-nx-asset\")?!l.textContent:false){l.setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"loading\");C.push(l);continue}l.setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"true\");try{var L=document.createElement(\"script\");L.className=\"_iub_cs_skip\";L.setAttribute(\"data-nx-runtime\",l.getAttribute(\"data-nx-run\"));L.textContent=window.__nxInflate(l.textContent);(document.head||document.documentElement).appendChild(L)}catch(r){l.setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"failed\")}}if(z.length){ct(z)}if(!C.length){return}var W=window.NX_RUNTIME||{},Y=W.base||window.NX_RUNTIME_BASE||\"\",T=window.__nxMount,O=[];if(typeof T===\"function\"){window.__nxMount=function(r){O.push(r)}}function dt(){if(typeof T===\"function\"){window.__nxMount=T;for(var r=0;r< O.length;r++){try{T(O[r])}catch(i){}}}try{document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(\"nexus:runtime-ready\"))}catch(i){}}function M(r){if(r>=C.length){dt();return}var i=C[r],f=i.getAttribute(\"data-nx-src\")||\"\",o=W.files||{},e=[];if(i.hasAttribute(\"data-nx-asset\")){window.__nxAsset(i.getAttribute(\"data-nx-asset\"),i.getAttribute(\"data-nx-sri\")||\"\").then(function(u){var n=document.createElement(\"script\");n.className=\"_iub_cs_skip\";n.setAttribute(\"data-nx-runtime\",i.getAttribute(\"data-nx-run\"));n.textContent=window.__nxInflate(u);(document.head||document.documentElement).appendChild(n);i.setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"true\")}).then(null,function(){i.setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"failed\")}).then(function(){M(r+1)});return}var s=o[f.replace(\/\\.[0-9a-f]{12}(\\.js)$\/,\"$1\")]||null;if(Y){e.push([Y+f,i.getAttribute(\"data-nx-sri\")||\"\"])}if(s?!!s.url:false){e.push([s.url,s.sri||\"\"])}function a(u){if(u===e.length?!e.live:false){e.live=true;Q(f).then(function(t){if(t){e.push(t)}a(u)});return}if(u>=e.length){i.setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"failed\");M(r+1);return}var n=document.createElement(\"script\");n.className=\"_iub_cs_skip\";n.setAttribute(\"data-nx-runtime\",i.getAttribute(\"data-nx-run\"));if(e[u][1]){n.integrity=e[u][1]}n.onload=function(){i.setAttribute(\"data-nx-ran\",\"true\");M(r+1)};n.onerror=function(){if(n.parentNode){n.parentNode.removeChild(n)}a(u+1)};n.src=e[u][0];(document.head||document.documentElement).appendChild(n)}a(0)}M(0)})();<\/script><div class=\"nxe-host\" data-nxe-embed=\"nr-gcri-editions-sr-12-full\"><div class=\"nxe\" id=\"nxe-nr-gcri-editions-sr-12-full\" data-inst=\"gcri\" data-host=\"gcri\" data-nr-kit=\"true\" data-nr-pub=\"true\" data-theme=\"light\" data-grammar=\"atlas\" lang=\"en\" data-nx-css=\"7L35juvGmif4KpxMGEjZZF5uojacg6quRs000DVT6KppdMN9BgiSQYlOipRJKhcLp15r\/p8nG0QEl9i4BEmlTxXsvNeWQmTs8cW3\/r7H9B0aaW4cgzw2YBiXcZYWRpEblm1E1yR5Tt\/hzTDSd8M\/GgFIX0GxfzTxP4e6uLjmEQjg\/tEE6K8phwl8BSUM948W\/qf54XwlpS76a0pP2SvM948WQH9VaZaHMDdOIM6TOIX7\/OiDJ3u91uv\/m8\/WSvqoUZR5lh5lb9jVGyV8L41LHp9B\/rF\/jPA\/1C8FDLI0xL+FLvqjfqsGABz0R5WHcQH8BP20DdAf+QkEAUzL\/eMW+G60pcuMIotK0kfL2erW1tRtd4tGVXey6p\/hH9ku1uXVpME1+mN\/AkEZv0K29\/VvcfrCLuMlK2Ly+NYKdruqqgBc0YbYP0Zh6HnVSIM8LuMAJPvHyN76W5uUxmmU7R8323AHq2FHWXAt5KMma\/MItsEmavfLJYdFgSbPxv8w61pc\/TKB0t0Rwghck3L\/aHvoj32tagkvVPVacQJh9macw72puZd3zfIu75phX941vBCmjv+etyvd1NCfVf\/CbiNzTZYIGiAp0fq8gvyJPSmrQ5AlWW4UwQme4V4LQf7y\/XHEifs1BCUwSvTWl4ckPp7Kh2\/CKaS3A30KufL2FEYA\/fGnMHIjN1rzpxCG6K\/nFNbTNOb81c\/KTx69DfmTRy8pffLWNvqTnjx8EiB78iywcWDXybM93bLWuu3Y1HDoc8ecE\/bc0f3jz51roj\/JuWPOcXPuLLiBrsedO99dO+aOP3eBZ2\/tLX3uTH9jb9fMuZONuToN1nq98U3x3EET\/UnPHdyiP\/m5owkMd+5oCkmfO6\/73JniwWt+cnuOXL3P+UOHj8\/3vzvDMAba0yWHEcwLQ\/LM6qZ8NMG1zP46mX+dzL9O5vSTOepCvFXzh6YKpMX+4b\/8p3\/S\/jmB79q\/gLTQ\/jvIY7TJHnT2hwf9GuMXjALmcaQXH0UJz8Y11g1wuSTQIAX6f0ri9OWfQPAv+Os\/ZmmpP\/wLPGZQ+7\/\/y4PeVnBou3HO0ozqxj9laYZbQ+XFBQRQf\/iXf0Slxn+Dx2sC8gf9H7K0yBJQ6A\/\/NfZhDtBAqxebt0gLEBRwH1z9ODB8+EcM8yfz2cZTXZ+CfL++vFcfjeAUX\/Zu\/b2wqM\/2ftt8dvaW3Xxx92iVqy\/rvd28El5zIwJFubds81w0ZXtrS381ErSLPFMoM87gHb3a\/IDGQp7mBuQSytMMqdqF6Pgm4GNvatvLu4b6RW+1Z2u7olYB5MDnN8Pf58CPA3ErPPyfWZlxj7SL\/K\/glJ2B\/vC\/Q\/gH0P45zzrWPQKf0V6QpSWIU5jvtfQdan\/T4pTQ7vgPeAjj4oJmSPOTLHg5+Nk7Ko\/T416rDrmfvR\/e4rA87TXLNH86nEF+jNO9Zh4uIAzxk+bBB8HLMc+uabjXOnlX6if2Blgdquk4x8kH9VRzRqsHUI\/3moW2F\/7+BtGp32uuaR7wkE5VgfW8PiSwLBGNuoAAdzLN8jNIDrhlkMTHdK8VJcjLg\/EG\/Ze4rFo7Z1l5Qi+AtIxBEoMCXZDn7A8jK975Z445+CgCkEBSbQ7TEOa4texSxuf4D\/hf4TH24yQuP0bRJu1nfdxj+70PoyyHox8HUQnzm3x9x3Vt\/3aCOXw6WfrJ1k+OfnL101o\/efpFvyZ6luhJrIeJHpZ6GOpRfLzmUMe76vdrVkK9RERVL08QhHrpZ+GHXuZ6edLLUC9ggFrUQV7GQQJ19AzM9SjLSpjrKXjVQ1iCOCn04npGN6wOdP9allmqFxeQ6mH8qhdnkCQ6uZF0eF7d5PsUj5nfsWmWQrL1MdmoCqo9G6cnmMcl3nHtN3531eV4H5Q5SIsoy89VTYR3gUFG6DRdyrR4jtNmC5uHM3g3qoOHf42SDJTks9KCkTlZ3Zgj45mm\/FBWPMxKqQk03+RolB8J3GtxCZI4UKoCb6HVLYmLphb1kb4eVzeOolGziMkXuhKiBE35a1zEfqLWQnwebqFeQcTQtxtOqZl2e5P9vtpjds+ounzLriXm0TXEVxVZEoc00QyuxepQPWJkUVTAEj9ZdcbIQRhfC2rh85Gr\/Yz40\/o2ubGXQjsHlmte3ttrgsxDewY127y8j2+vog034aLCQymzyx5zkNwkcHLKavCCavq3QVNqKvevEuWyFElyCVKxyFqsWdqVcv0Gook3apo3k6bRQIS3Io1k8tytSjXwA\/p59tauRsVLkEXpucURU8re4hZ\/i6\/RLc6RVfPZ8uCZv9xtgcxeLxeYB6CApMpXxMOnpZFezzCPg71WAh\/xzaig0JI4jdMj\/iyngVj8XCnPisHMTJTA9wP6l\/GWg8teQ\/8+YMbDiEt4LvYaktZgfjiiXxF\/ijnqpTuEv+fXBHasWbWdMM\/e3j1qx6sSBCfs6jIuE8jsR7St+28mehc5pnQXsdvFEraVYT6b9haeyT4i6+ODBKQBHD+GBIaSrlNH1DODU996MscBCVBcv73xfbncxrbjPq\/ntaT9UrVIDx1t3WnE6GtdGUXZgtP4utKsZFcBz+TY2bDFuVgr7IA4fbn171WO9TPItX1FcgL6KPxenuLgJYVFgc8d+bl5urnMzWfbq3cv9XLVFaIZOcfvT3GqFfnR14NrnsO0\/Af0g+Z4P+mYdF4AKlwd8JeYcKb4XQ2L6+2QkNi90qWtSR9Vm8E91rLpau+w\/BC\/BkQTtuqcIGo6vs9pdwmG6lwatrCBlV53WCrkqrwOcnRp1awbfQkQMTuB7wqMOOGC0AH78kDUYbVGu1W3LaFF+2+Zn5UZpeQYN+AwGbfLwnLkc+G45ypheOyzAbjIWF6ZQDt23G1dxzwOvyv0upWjx28qLOrja\/UmE72Md0Y4Gs3EK3aAabuqK8iSBFwKiAkd\/sRcBw66HBWb0crTrVkQdKEQlTf+1DBSflaW2XmcqDJ4d92DwxbVYt0s9ivMsYmifp4MTnnaQmraGts5\/rTctFEqRkFByA+jzC7qY9hHcV6USGuehLcRbCu1FOr77NciyC7wy0OevT18q7e34\/5UEwSKAVpicGx72i9oyUYpcim9rGqjNe2j9AVmJRiRX4wiDiEej7hnFbQYp\/hSDMhqtVx2mH45o2YEuQs3JhMEafUflseaSXAu77gntTZpvEjWo\/NZltBwx8sZb4q7GG8AkSSwfwTryImIy09d6u8fd06wjsKqFKYwP36gh6MQelvAFvuo2AcbtyqOsixEz4a7aLcL6UJ\/\/+hBuPE3VeEJgqQ84Xr9IKqMoE0xqtcEftM3P87C+BXmRVzivoBN5ISm7Ed\/\/7gJw3ZUcRrloCjza1Bec4jeDTahHUH5zz43J0ESn0GJX\/MB9JpZqcv9\/WPg+u1s5XHxgse0A9vQpQv5JwnfFQdkZoELIv4Hf\/8Ybn236WoUp0hgxi\/AyGyWoi5HcxaEjtu0cL1cEjxbQRD5kcUW45H6bjPSIgtiRL5Q5UEYOmyxzw3pkme\/waBEj8NduI4irtyvl3WeyxS1VU3P95rmm63q+Fs78oStCoHvmFtxq+42juVxW3XrBgFb6O8fLdPfbS1xq7ob2\/eErRruXA9GHVuVqYrfqiYEa7jr3Kqe43nNwolblZkTaqs6Wz+MtuJW3frroJmteqvCwN3udtxWZZ5ktqrrRGso2apgu15HG3GrMktBb9X1Dpq+sFUt198CT9iqzERQW9XfWJWDBr1VmSFRW5XpI7VVyfP39zP6azv\/tZ0\/bzuPY5vIXj1d4ZcHvA2rrYoGW7Mhzbat\/YR84Sd\/pdwa2cfS5uqdL2uv3v7qDdKbVdosu9VljbP7Xb0L7J6XdoI\/NbJu8EdHvSPoYEibJ8dI1ig5S+pN1adK2lx7FmVNtgdyQrP4+MgbrQ6ctMnq1KlYaHn1Ubd0U4vdgojDSZSU8Xi0xfWe0sVaeTY0Ig+pya9jhXSyzHFalF8e0HPVKseNZ2oUBbZDWNhY4pq6XuvWztXXFnJNrbwfY0yAo8gC2+q7z9UToO+7yAqq77U3JvMQci8lnq0TR9LJC7ejA5ZXe852jW6zI27ENjM46HkhPTjfaarBg9sGzffG1ZRuC0eT4H+W5pU6Z4Dinn6sCVBcXnpUlYq+Gk19NOLGiiI4VPOP4NIV7ZcsryQ2jjkI9+gwgxx\/jmFaPu3MEB516pUV9cVfaev1T1RBsFqpjrXbJl5bv03K8METO7l3IxmLAlkOYVTciCM4MrQBv8iSawlrA7xJWd9bH6VTHIYwHd\/IMTbArSizi8ERutgAOm8eWynV63fU68+sN+ioN5DU+3eN9xF2ZX2ije3O7vI+7oi36kayR4oSBC9fHsr8Ch++adhDsb08xzuh9dea8+YcVvk9ReW9RLfCzm4JPTIXaY+okRl+w1S2ufRUXTvG3tBWQfRMA2WZP+EXEuDDZHWQ2tWaYdpj3AfG8i4m9rZQMsLITC7fVTxBlvMqwR4udHVbzsFFyVODGOXo6pSMbdjRY4axrmaLlVzNHQnvKa7eZG5UjQ8mnjvi1rF7t47aBDc2WiIqgPQDe6RO9Ic8XWHP5Utfq\/08AaR5AiRgqlwxl44rEVJXovR6VGvE72jE13vvtNX3v3uBH1EOzrDQ0OIn2dutzG5oh7xAIwTFqfb6MWz3u3gFxmlzHJHjrcIV2LryUtY2R8mTS6AQm8t7bx833lapj7X7b9PDrTnJP3eu4yvrsEh7IHoDI7ZMZMtTGDJHwRWpnGxN3Uke100FO2+hKV97i0w5Ho6KIecDGbEvCXwXvZGEQKuuYMBxbkv3jPRrnpk49K5JpUNCZI6yjuiAbXpz+lA7kY9hi9DdJlyCcxqXnC6BQ7KnuTF0tNjSSCZeTTLT5hqeVRSLiKmKL99kUuUfRpyGyHfPpRk22zNptwLscGMu7lcwKRiQdZMZy5\/ZsvVzxY10uGQx8rEw4CtMy0JFrGOm+lcikH+bIB9WHFGGvIXy69kvvmn7uHjC3BAgRSjU7VdEcYik8uXhP+UQhPinh2+rKTIpwIw3zM83LppN1S+5CskKs7KE4USvZaf+aYzLMq9BEjknbWOyjsyKU6Lid9y+xDoAd0wTPkNdYx0emYJMFRiX7NJLALxaw3SO0ycHsU96AJLgyTLN1zfNwDKiepMzDkJVC9XpHCYAwSMcGC\/V1gGrVZV4tJ\/gCLJVoRcI5ArPAEWztF+QLaSbdNWwAzpdWGFxrGZTNNH5kg5GJRAJZs8ZYdvTXPZY6CYW3DHbpBn4o1iVn4DgBWtamdCAidGSZIVFVczDw0GyVeO0gCUJRzLw8PeagcgIKSdec7xzOlr9QfGRGoo+jcJw86E55k89NWGYjpUwiwKhmnEbVSewzC5TI8084kuo1NwMP0abPr9mhxfjpMVxKbMAf957+BM8GF047ZO6YPELO0wIMJ+NjZp\/s6QqH553eTY9eFZaLR+ERzh+uepdMXLdBqaUWluku4AiTa5i9LuXboyNFgsM8mnENFV9wqTUqtasUKTHE2dijQIMpDaiZW54UJ7GWPNJxIEU94APq6\/m0MVziHjov1nPzlp6OXXrwvWuFVIf3tck1n7RkliyCP\/LNp2\/f6i19PVt0BnkV0NE6TLlvVLHfg3j\/MtDXiaVHNfRVX2kFDGqMm7cuwe1W6EJ1sFbQTNpirPBi2zLF1mQRokwOkDPOGWxn0PwYrxleajW630VREE6cVtAlV0GRhxSCCD0bpfvdUJ7p+z1w2yVeRkYobBynJlFDFMS7BLrIcKp1CMQlKMCJHjvoSWch7rvBjWyXqa9QsakixHpxw+UetfhLsqR+pQuwWSMHqWSO9Q5D3xl2oTcdwsiAlBNcM0LVHfFtTLxwm1cXZZrz9aaCwXWSehwO5KhJ\/t\/Vl3++VIqqqUhKcGtjYcd5FLEqOqlRkUUFzd66sfwHJ37iehBpJLttK61E6arvs+oV6iJv4\/uRGhxGFlnhFggBd9R3rpYXfgSp+GXh6IEaFOFCFWGWfRJQsu6T25Snr4KWEzibXGKiag7Rt6vNVI\/ab8gUWPFyP71QyY5UwkoIaK0BlIINGouu1FzAWIFg2lJX6JI+2UjFYi+MV\/fVqwSfFJs3RThcwnl+Di2\/e0UlxAzdLAH+y5DDF\/50aUhZ4hY9az2bNly2t2sTucjyrsrLU8ktvYp\/cVZ1ZtNtjlwQDnzA0RTbE6jYFVL88hX3d1mki12A6v1LYlfqWB8DitOti\/GS3MTWUTUoz08X8qPGfcr0iUTb644hF8eyuzSSkgUfZHQDGrFSTlecJ6SCJ7BOQyvAQyNc1bzhei7iucg7pg+jVDq03kP+iziaW6GFmU5GhFe22KvEWhipRHp9xw91h6yF9c\/YGr3r\/C9nKRQZrebot2HWNjg+wWkIQxr\/8E\/05QjkVJUbJPYBlwz6SeYXJaw7imZ7xYHBvs1Dr\/diiDPksSgpUvWboONqWV20ZHfk\/YL9i9Z+MDfGY+VP9MHkKJwQuqMK8ATvUKjSLJyKjFuKqgt3hGitCWKzoIgRCFqcsfZFvtsPAs1KNyuODQEJQ+mwZGI6rb2QiRvv8bwDWFrv0INfdT+v\/9X+0fU2fzjQXAgbn3TasOkEL6k6LTZ64B8T0fxwZnTYuyqyG8FEWpnLOtFGjrmAAGdfnkAZQKKyk0LGMcrmre9jexVC0f48C125mJg0xjQ2Yf4NAZOiP7ENAYbE\/2NyLJg7hTSLFjeSpIVgk3+QGWFQPkf3O9zloTz3J7mVy6vm3NdpNFk7a3JKthG45v1NMV4oKmjJc1tvhv9kqceaOcP41uuOwEu5\/ZUwLjEHeQxLpmdIUY8SODZZ2+Wy+B2tOc2IQYczN94TBAC48M2F\/d1uFEm6KBn089uDrH73bZkpFjb9IJRT4ugMbezwyCGj2zrFL0e7xQ9XO049GhKTbRQu18Zurs\/geLpKw86XeG90k7dqxvnqJXHoVHC8wVpNtDFfD2nBVa5ncH7k6lbUb6qTNSIRarHU9\/vK9b6Mh7KawSJ5WGzFd01B+sW8J9bNGdzPrnoa0kIYuUdpJZqXHDjN2n7l7lkMyIYsOeODDHraUEMPHMUvci7q2XRH80awRB\/MocImSvnMFx4Zpn8RcXs4RHRwIxWMyLshDgNiGFEk1NxFJFvfk\/wzc4cHRJ1R2o5RB+dKF+133ZRvlqU\/OHmSat7zVqy6sY3vijj4IUORMAFH4cRShvsf1zdAAVMooUvAEy9mBmwl2XfOW79+2KcxjSdoOo2lnlI1P4brIXFcxe7U7iTNNJPGG8mY00c8Ijyg3xLYFSSSLxGETHgH2xtmfjSLoLa+cBqdVcm4m5rL23uK\/WdocOSNSBTbawRS0\/Ww2lnHfvC0EZGmIaLWJwWHphgtJbvt5xcMQZynSOD3bRj3fV4o9\/7nh4cM5vv4948b+c0p1n5hK\/Jf6NfWa2YewKUcVBPKjbpTYP1\/ay+13vnHrPbXKdVgoIG22LyCeYOX4hSk040Uv0J3W+y1knOVigDnmnIP1LV9IDFbHe7e7GFN\/nlad\/98vzTj\/u\/h1MtPbwKJmhkHjDK7HhMOgIssPhvLhxQOx0Piu7wbGdIqi6N5Ke7gcsFghyBjtYpDMXogzUfZSxJvrgw4I5EqO41twn5xTiX11mTpP1Sz1a1xCxluEd6LUkviNdDlQS6cXqQci1tVmzRX4hKcT2vP\/MzGhpKXpUhLEohu6Q8WGaqchMnwVoQnwV3uaP5HF4gKJ9snenH6rvahHxNYs7HX1mz19RlBCAPe\/3t2yCCMM4J9cYurNdz2vraM1klKSMCLmADgV2sZq3\/9RnJEWj3bnlO1y7XeGlGLcEtfl4yrWYVeh3EWV+CURGQjZP4SvMmxdyzvfthcpniLomhtLJYkN+uRRlHH0YjMmLPWsOH5RuEaXv+qbynBkpOqCli5+Au5TBZItqWtbT9cFlDzEl4ZrxjM4pEUpxepIG83X8Y7jKwbGSTYlXj6LSYMiu8xHHAWY\/M\/afY27fTx+h8lM4sdOe6ua\/s4jLBosQvWA1lsiFWXMWs25Nifcfs1q1lqq6wyqcLfZFSgL5pHZvHsd6Omm0ueN1wm1WfezEsUB\/Xr2O2YKeOWVfWye8\/Xk8pCtREIPyPJ+cu7vFMm6y7+iLovUPGxA6YW8WcidNaEcFtR1uEFKHC8O0iIJMOMa3UjLsmm\/74ksOy\/FDGme3z8drKQc68rrhyeUe9bXCa1dHK70lXWoXefAFyU7Snku1OnkbZfN6pYH2whkhJLuvPsoyTJ6qs6zheMXh5+HY3ezkWuZGqj\/gUeYupVuXjEC3qgqZTTWWwYez964hw1ddzSgb0if5RIwf8ldOv6p\/fOrvX7+LSMHEySGeQpvlP6YlkYnBf7D+hL\/j+Yp0tDlSPmIgR8\/P6J4L22qwXs+3N9zIb3x3RJcXS\/qYZ99o8lyQu70iM1wwx2\/DEbH0\/6kwGNrDS5r2a90FKBeSPRDbhFSzjg3jaNwcCp+452s+60e37LtriF\/qIM\/Bpd3jHED\/nCu9r\/PNv8JFTcf8LXHFa7nl\/93VF5fq23E88o597Y2JMgTFU4vOar3zwG4ZlY9\/tXutqfix6+ubzuiU64Hpj1S0ktvPtbGQBBCmO66xz16LSBKTh\/tF27Y0dtIVxuX+0oWM5m6YMgfTC\/aO1tYAFm9IcJeXcP9qBs3bNphRt4P2jZVuu1VZwAkkmNB+nLyhtKoRR+3ZAUpuiMNNtFHpUeQ6Da75\/XHu+WyW7JeVRkmUo9DNyox2gytMMTe3+0fM33tZufvjdMFFO8O3OAVSZtX+EXhBsI6rM3j8CB4T+lipz9o+bKLSCDVXm7h\/tCMAd\/S5SBQpN5yBOUetW6EZbjy220DxuomDHFtv7RzfyHWqCcLGzfwS7nR9FbLG7f4wcuKWKizR7i0CSoGYd33E3pviTtX\/01uu1L\/nJ3j\/u3K0T+uJPzv4xcHwvssWf3P0jjOCO7kYW4y5swRrYJltsoeXYARewxTaaaQCpecLFzv7R8YDj22yxu39E2wW2TZ4gKFGTrm\/Z1O7Exdb+cRfYG9dii+39Y+ivgQ3ZYgfNKnBdjy1Gkx1CD7ATgCfaXa83AVuMJtnfOYHLFuM9FrjQY4ud\/WPowW20YYvdOg9iW1xmOURthlvgrAFXbqEZ94Bjc+X2\/tEGjul4XLmDdvIm3Lhcubt\/9NzQC9qTUBR4cr3IdyBgStFGDtf0\/kalqEXPDqqEnXWpg\/rnenT\/CjKx9tZdtzN4TEBRkLhwy9TJ\/8zn7XbFEKjsjQ0dd9fU7y8fKNO1uTG3FE36A2Lqt6VWPMhAUe4fXbA21zuaUqEh+I6\/9dvJryzOj16wsan1jrLj\/tEMzNCk1gkbcqscpWwpqtj0zcCEFAk+nsoCbyVgg3XA\/2DtHzeO420i\/gcbnaW17a35HxycKxu4W\/4Hl0m\/in54hUd8boALqFsBlaI9HG0jd82U4oPqRx5gSp39IyIpG4spdfePuwiaVGvHywWPM2RaQ6XW\/nGNWmNL7f2jZ\/tbaouiUgeTyQiYTClqzYdO2JYCmFdjMx22tD4qgClFFMFmRoxK0WSaYOuxNeCZDHdUH8IrOSUucCKHK0btmZ7rumwxWkBzZ3rc087+EZq+ueWKUZPbMPCpyQDVtnHWa5MpxdO5BlvAlNqIbm7dgK3B2T\/6OwApqoRKEVn3EPobRXoTUE+obW+5cjylG5c+3bjcxtTKdQKuHE2r60drvn48sdChJjZIsmuI2rUjh66HlFv7RzdYO2vIlaON6mz87ZYrR5epDXbULJJyFxHhEECq3VNCrhQbUNsdlaI2gQeojY1KbcwZ7KgrApUiHsIOPWoLo1JynQBqqyFJnEwu2vFsMVpNuAPU1sbF6DrxQjcEbDGaWS90tpAtRgtqbkxqwqOY3CZRFHqexxZbqBiY1I7FxTYq9kCNCFIX4x3rbB2ubryWO3\/n0wxclkNMcyPf9CLqh+KUX\/39Y7Bj2IDAKMArSFOwfwzDYLehecdjji6KR98NtzuX5ilhSXhdz\/bpzR4YQZ5dEG30t9TdFBjX3Ac46\/Amsmmm8pwVIA72j9DZgYBaViNG5D2Iwi2kS32AQgT2j1u43dIcQYkcVPHaRp7PXLf4B8QS7Xx3veV\/sDHlMR2hKkySPMkPeMId34X0hF9hYkRZUcQJ4b02gP81vQYJBLlkoPjn00eYZzJeHP2IT61kTvGPbzFaBidCzfK\/+XGGV9uhbrzqpyPMJKtBmiuzHBwh5oghfVjJz1l5Qnf0BmzYYQIspqzDtee2m\/ECM5TmjNBsQNHs6geLsLCu8AOiaeaWPkrVD+SuMDfCD+S6MH1XJemWmJ+cEu7CTQjCkBPuok20idascMfzkES4gw60qdcr4Q4A36VYHiLcBVFoU7IZEe64WrFwZ3nW1vJF4c72vcA3xwt34dbyPVMi3G3BzgMOK9xtg7VlcsJduPUdiisiwh3wHT9ghbs18F0QsMKdaXkedZnUwh3XdC3c7WAAoCUIdy7YbUNHEO5sy\/Oo9mrhzvUdsIOCcLcBVgRsqXAX7oJtJBfufHfnQ7lwtw29KIBS4c4Drk\/dOrRw564dcysKd\/52s6Y46Vq4Cze+64nC3S4I1jsgCnfRDvLFLhKZ1+E2EIS7KIQO2AjCXbQBO+oo1sIdRKJGJAh3\/tYGTiAId+vI8qjbuBbugl0YwEgQ7naOH0BbEO7W\/m4dRIJwZ0fehpO38Sh9hxGcauGO29GNcMft6ka4gwH0wkAU7rjd3Qh33A6vhDtub1bC3c4O1iHkhTsIIytyeeEucsF6Kwh3vm1tbV8m3NlrU6\/\/PyzfWTYn30VWZEcOJ9+FDto6vHy3CbY2xQpX8p0L3GjtCfLdFuzM3ZaV7+AGbmnJl8h3mNpuRPkOunANNxL5zvatgNJ8tPLdGvGYUCLfga3rrCOJfAeDLb2NKfnOh84W8PJdZEMY+Lx8F3hhQLGJtXwX+L634+U7x91CN+LlOzNc06q1Sr6DILIDj5fvgBfSq1DJd+stCDzAy3e2szU9n5fvLNuFFLdQyXeRHznhmpfvIjsIKea\/lu+i3dbd8fKd73mmDXj5brN1aP1lLd9FHtyFliDfQS9Y7zaifBfututQkO+A6XnOTpDvPNcJrIiX72AEQ+pWr+S7wPVD6thX8t3O2m4Dk5fv1tHa3AW8fOe4trWORPkuiiIvCET5LgrDaLsV5bto6zvUpDbyHXQ20N6J8p1vuh7NJ9TyXeRGa+o8NfJduA0D6pJt5Dvf9f1gLcp3W3\/n0lJYLd95prfbbAT5zjWttcvLd46\/tre+IN9ZO4u6mCr5bg2DnWdL5LuNLcp3duBAqopavnOiTeSvBfluGwUWpSVu5Dsz8KiR1PJd4K4dxxflOy9wqbutlu9gtKW1MLV8F+7W9GGo5TtgWoEVCPLdOjCBCSTyneV7vgNE+Q54W+C5MvmOE4Ia+W4XBBbDzDfynRNto10kyHfQ20WmKcp34XoNmfJavguCzY5iLCr5Du4gjByJfBdsA9t3JfLdLvKDQCbfRXZob4CKfMetQivfAce2rU75zoMucNxO+U4YKC3fmebG9u0O+U6YU0q+M80d3DhS+W4beKFjSeU7YTVY+W7je5HfJd\/t8D+CfAfdMAhCiXwXhZFJUZBWvou8YLfzJfId3O7oi7eV74L1Gji+RL5D0qrtLA3pKgFv\/UsG\/EsG\/EsG\/EsG\/EsG\/EsG\/EsG\/EsG\/EsG\/EsG\/EsG\/EsG\/EsG\/FFkQJVER2hh37485OCNgy4S4D2dNQPvWQl8K6YEC4ar1QR4jAl9LmGO5JShfnOwpEQmZbuNBdLP6jahTl1AURQBm1I5pnC9deMnJlVNiGR\/5eSZKdVjSttbOX5iStUVse6tvHpmSvWI4vfWjR6YUjG+M3prxk9MqZpcO711k0emVB4HsLfmeGxIFVstuft6ayaPTDqVmFHpqZw8IMD4rM2fprZmDbVmLdmaPdSavWRrzlBrzpKtuUOtuQu1VvNZPe3Vj6ymV28NV2\/NqN4ert6eUb0zXL0zo3p3uHp3SvWIfeulLeiBT2AR0vcvD\/7bffZYXfc9Nlhd9z12V133PbZWXfc99hWqGxzzu60lqvtea4nqvtdaorrvtZao7nutJbEC9FROHphctTVUtTW5anuoanty1c5Q1c7kqt2hqieRekpd0S+Gtc8txa1QqpDhpqsHl2wb61mGW8aPLdkuVuEMt4sfW7JdpB0abhY9tWSrfjxijv140Rk+whFtHuGyq0o0ZSPWlTy4ZNtYDTfcMn5sqXaRb0B\/k+iJKSQJuyP0Vo2fmKT9QB4QXNU9uMSt18RKW6+nIBMzrRO\/CcXmyUsrzeGQkRnuOwTFCYaa9M0JHf2992L\/fZpA93vvlf77NDHu997L\/Pdpwtvvvdf479NEtt97L\/Dfp93exB2GqxcjhTe7A2Eo8NJZ40gzrs1bnSDCeN9rQRJfWs8qkr8A7WKQFyownrJsDzTUNM62NRakWgECE+Q4MXOcJNVEIcn0Be61KqnMP6DjWBU2SaKf13UJ6kaAMHfwXNOlv2UIlhsXKyBEAJQwAIL9owkt16pMKKiwQogwbcf22tKgxBG7trujy4wz+C1DDly+Z9W2e\/RLngHkL2YHjfkYlwJkmYrMyK6N2KjUT0LkPgXsOpKyKjSw9XAN1qHnUG3CJEGuGdtoR\/Wu8i\/bRL4T0h3MrmmJTGi+XQdOo+JLlnzgeO81XTN8RfDnj9Dc7mqHA1xHUhiAxCWvAVtMAhW364AtDvaPO4D+2GIUega2kR\/NjP5qFg66MIgcfuEiO7JgyC5csAs2tS8Au3BgBza7iF84J3IdF\/ALZwUWtG1u4Ty4sWoDNLNw\/s73mTbxwm3ABm7XwsLZkRfR3agWDjje2gr5hQu2QRCKC+dvXWCLC+dEmybEm1o4sN16tdcatXB0zCC1cKR\/n+DW+dfi\/mmLO56Spyj1RJM+XimfSPUqylxe4+PWSHlejWs\/Fp\/fkqLzm24XCrFCzvW6r5ccYnCm5m5EiV5kuWVIJl00hDalE86ONV5T25ubYQgbUG3mbAk0fwfGdIOIzGRnuOTwUAK\/BmdSndNFEoUoXCNpbrzE5WDu9UUyWtbDzIrpudTd\/nRDu61auiHSm7vlG8LVf\/35Ni3DEH67SjHU5DcxlZKbLASdyXVHOzkthdNMcmqGUcMxXLhmrS\/vf7OeHe4oFiAtlDvz8jpuJ1lo2mT7yatSfVOEi0vUod4lLSxvZLhrNFycK+Vv1vNWSnskVHrbmwpmKfpddTVsF3IQoL6RuAjgOkg\/3k4wh6rNJnH6UtwkGbJItejfbWqsunf4FjHZnGV8ZrNJHdHAtLRDDpN2yGSz\/SlA247Pb2Nj5EFpDq6JIx+RM6vuiWoLpyx7YWRnRbp3LY1CmiObXyyclKbOoOZRCYrb3WPkbYmoZ+xbNDrTzCvMyzgASZ3QE+dXVB9Uk0SjhMiGksOHb804pbSa3RDLr5XQKaK9aTtFWqzOGVHqqbdwk6SwEne3Irec59NvVvS2UVzPfXnQfFBAtMmqVGfMPYGOvMciqm+84MSMyZUwk4tyUngQKXXbIA3V3yzpTTOC0FTAo0Z6PcM8DvZaCfwrcshPr+difMfykAhB4xjv3kaRtyhKLKzcgSK75gGDk1rRT2YajvXh5tPXTBvrQHY0fLMzmeq83qR+nZTpiJOdr\/ixqOUnzUOS1edGZZ9UTsPCAdYecQqWh28tv4rzVZrjEfFHVC4DCW5Xzx67fESrcjnueYfkHeOPDA3QfL4YQRKfEWcJVivqCZ96Io+LF8NfjUwwru3j4gmPJ4ApxMuqk6\/tZwq1W6sT3eMfohPZBx0ZbRWS5xbGNY2NMAteuGxvHMvT8jhjwf9XyqvO4u1\/FVJQc7oRS+m4XhIjzMqbnIlAF0ClgK9zplP8xLblJ+gce9sOpkKyJPRWIuQ3jAt0BMOVjL0w1yr8xSUxEniEaTiSsyb59hr22h5mr+crUpYRXpqRanQm3yFrjFL1cZNPcT8wJ3c7DVU3mDH2irieXMJFC+vSogpZavVkHBP6Tp04mkRvFE9snN6UtZ+L7DSZPbCZxw06Q3atmW2bVrGYovEFzW1JZsdxlaYH+9TLcmziyhCDgVHkGZrFmDHxicFbBW2TP4w4DREZtFX7UE2QrvIaiqJBMga4XCDI0fVe5yhv2Xqk8muIsO2yUre3eKrfmYrQA6X5sbt58WteoFoqU\/XEqSbi+5QJrwT\/fpFgWVGT7Tmj5Z40gk\/TkzNHlfpsnOP029d9mpVP7fhWLbEer5fpa0D0P2CIhTmvhSDJChh+m9Jp7gRLCFACo7JiBJpbxqZJjNce661EmTbCoLVdJt10O45fT3EYwnTyjFQ8LOLqyTyfzt\/0ZsbDa9Z8K4wEfGRXlPvlGich8gBD58A4ZWdowPdLkuXkbJOSCPy+au+etWKG9YW7tRohgvUkvsWJXBSMNJ80qciAqZnfZ87qyObITLnUvm9YMXfbb+OyTHPS\/P0ah\/\/PlwfyHRHwVxB8GGSCptdTwvxczK4lgUeQGLTewLEn7fCOMbIy5TIjXrLOevxsnYpWUpdJyLblE7LhvTYxIduIKRZIwjKzvHC19UT3EzDzLpOimNJ99KwsUK90WsRMUxKZfiSYQUfqq8eqffQ2KOEb+BASkGmcCoxOZLeP4hw565ziRJLOsCKX2NcEMwmVZmV2HsIFe73fg6ikT\/p0dqNeT0w+ghLR5LYMfeXvHld297gT9LQjm1\/6zI1tFmu5tTLU79zAiZ3fnWR6dyqzG5ziy9yMlaiOW6e0i39eKYoQfgJh+I3+Gn6rbQitwIweMt6YpPZEsCdLTmQD7vFkxRlsTV5QbwqINmO2\/IMlLJpOVA1X\/mlk0aov7zXknLJkd0zQqzkczyQV4xefPO6XCoqXEBalcczG+z38di3KOPowGjt8VY75CqIAf0d3BObcGsXiO2s8MDkRz76r6oaKShlj+ZSrFrFPksQHA5e8VQNbmyZ3KR5ktm5O5SP34zjgblfXWDscooNBXkznou0iBAVc6bSWRv5E90+TNrGi1olsZeWX\/FJZvVVt69qppUOPh39dWLlFxvgrMlQiH86igOGXhzK\/dgbeVS0Y\/rGzJ\/QjXb+NN\/jyazhN\/1at5dSX0Zp+ntru+YJMvBdogACRq31dcVwVtKY48n2FsEMv0CiySHwYl\/Jv4ML6tSylXspSXaI7rp6M09e9RT4iZ0rjbW8jr1Wq5LS32FAjRS9Zc6SW2jWJE8vfrOe1lPQNKcOH6TfKEHdNyl663fqFoziuibw6Wm\/tZ338o7WDk9IrhFuXX3fju7nHfpNPJ1s\/OfrJ1S96lujXRA8TPQz1KD5ec7iSGiCV28AVr24TXSUvUCtej8\/xreIQ6hzI6OpGJnO6QBqzJsS0TQ1fo4zzynNQGaaAHqeXa6n\/WgIfa6C\/rcaSo4aKzKNHfEbtHCagjF\/h5IPenKLCWVFf1iuJoqfdRfSDXV9aQCay0NhuOOaYL+NujuYKVXPB9g9m95n8bLETYSk0IWo4JB57NsvueaapEg5ScX8tiSMGBkLk2lKYJPGliIvxfS+uSNr7uFGU3JVS8h7vv8r5bdgN73PHpPm3ESw7xX+PbwFgwb7oPYOtQZw+XuMEI4Lv7cPyDcL0IO5d5Z5+JZwbCMovD6h7D99ulJsS64+EjzmRV8e38xtay6pOS7OItNt36PD0CAPHbkaEzvD7QqEv2TVP4Uchl0yZcb+z\/UPOiwtxI0M8D+3A2bjYqI+x9icZLYQLdA6vEn0N01bURkPSvmG3\/Jp5GNAJqcnScvcHB5MjW8pY8tKwhL5MntJZNlyxunG+Er3S5vShjBcp6YjHIb+OVpWFfYOwM7uJjw1\/YJQg8vAAzlkuZxpdnml0lY7NGaZXmZcB8W6qKiYEMABJ8IQogvYLc2BWElcok3ZHkDAW6JAL1NBe157\/TPE5Tp9cZGbTUeNE90mP2DNfT3wQrIQps8bIVTM8mZptQm+EtnlcgK\/xBHysFFeoPnu62mtLnVyqLt6RWbwuJFMvI5Hs5dpKBjRVvC81pZg7V0pNBYl5ooMZN4VKCjj+XVayGtDGLaGG4\/cSJp3BCQYvFOlU4CsRoy\/ZAqyirhUMx\/fSL9OFVO\/MxuW5AUdKuuiwRQmP4K7uzEWNvKN4NmIUEzFBpd5UG15zIwJFuZqkIq+WdZTqWa1GJAa8dp+fijVQrLQOO5AfhyYooXMRK7mxnv80Q9Qnyd5GBwaSftTLLRkdpXCR6cepn\/nyLF1N6kTP2sXVbSvqf8klrNhgcb5Jz2of5z6+hfhHJi+2jLyMukiXk0jGkZJZRENfnLjEY6nLUldpfBfiE0+lPsyCzyE7YVwES8rc4ze8+aNsbrXJ+lTxFzVIGDf4fgFpOJZzG9+CknjKkIHGxXzJc426Ix9w1UnKsT3PUHx+lS9nbBtFLhea6aHzI2egmirdLrLMGReATDdYiH5aIwlXpraZCcNILkld8UbVlUiQrrQh9anam2mSk8AcYEc94abFnnoKpg7g85grInEbIRcsbA460CieWCHSFHw0e68I8ixJfJDXxsPyFKdqQ9d+zbMEfnkoAUq+JKX\/IsvTBQEjLE73vDkS+k\/NoFybUEc4t88Z+Iyq3BGUaae6H9zRzM8sZaww22MukBnVE+pZwAQG5WhBn1+J+UI9Ri6cq7\/ClQi7EysjLwkyLIl7kdVLmr2b0VpGuK90WtTWsqS6qUHD4\/iJuYAUJgJhNBUrmLs8F0ABsTHW9l6LdGONb62ESl4tyLP3cpoAmacFCThfnjBsg257r2+6s3Uv7yvmtifPrD30zMZ+Pekb9FFhbYoSHKHMoCrwELwg1eFT1D4Vn1GaRw1tQZC0AB1BnAcJ1Lt2LtrcNCo5suHjUbcVt9Z+YvKvKeAxB\/6hzK7BqbK\/7rULSI2PQ+MZorZj8Nw8xwXafwjH5kY35MfpcXxVb1nOBDmwcd5mFW1pHhqG0cjyuIYqOrzFSWIEJ5Ci+WweUWwdDeSYxGj\/30ZwxgnSjbCcMSkb32wCUjjS6CO4hssg6GvjydUvkx5sRJjAV4Dvzz6vNRSHWn7stefN+AEhvJZ89IhocxUeIc14mEy0\/khXPUX2TTjCFYtAsHcL1eOAlpP3geqfgV6OtdJKcY4K\/cI4P4MyHk8+VR17qZkrPvBfsHyT+7Ab2ZGPb342vS68XkoDMMYzZ8IKIU+W9La8i0\/bAOfkQ6l0p7v3wPAIi87NhXZH2\/fKNDVzS6MWZcj9XUot0QvyFQZllhswimBQ4lqMIgAJ2sLkYUYLUVEdhtIK6kfyXu8zaiOsQMk\/LvDLwxFNYVrhfFXDQWcD5Dk6qJ7mTq8bg6fDrqqRb5ti5ejKytIbuyrUVmOXw1avPMxSeJMvuiqT21QZn2\/t5aIwYDqNxGxHDlxZNX10lVOEI5gAHyZS5qUlhPgj4mafjLX5k47+tdLQSYBPTctx+rpa0VFEo4Qb0Zg0ylA\/z2xp9zhjymj2PDKUIgxCyfxKsMDCOK\/CGzUiNnQrgjodjJkv9orVJzaTTqIb2EuX\/fH0Wa4uQ7eo6EFBljJOTzCPy1770CiSzIRpDRuQ7mmoRntlBPKvMiRpVbVIwjy1Cjqc3qp90uOaLzUj4xiddkNj3zBmIxto661G\/2DXP6gNSns+hX1Qs6PtrnYNjdNj9pFDi\/fkf5i61tpzUXKKCZmiijU3bHl7AyqgnHsX7yEypdyG+6BacZrdRnjOL6T3JE2+hLdu+WGW2pbUf0xunS7l7Cpi4YmZQXvEKjZ8sHrH8CIO+vQxPUIFilFJqv0qSwb515MAZKiGjzRjNN6g\/xKXOJK6\/owrxyq7vX2gHkDKHhzkWKGIipJ7B3g\/71XPkJpnD55VZ+TMzogjmZH1IkJtlyw6JVKs6nvU4FQyagi8+6fQ7gb+ga5N4hzAPtDDCVV6K8ot1OlRNSxMSJFsQcJEZGqX0cuzAJmKsx4Tnk27sSNmVrZWIwg3xScnZT5jV8WZ5AKyZeRTOYRybPB3nH95yMsEgYJQ3Rpnn96fsqJ8oupYsStB3UVYWvsfT4a1OlzTGGez8uMw3msxyhtcKs8cIlAjVYUGhgxk\/PuF8+b8QKIjp+6qc8X0CI2KikPVub5keTlyrhG+NbObeW6KgspmF8kdhfnRIfB1wWpTWu4pg36O05ts3xhrdZYQ15ddy5sYaKJeHVGMvcRp+OUB4Uw1QtCkXBySSvFA21oZL\/eKxrQL1uMEP4+rpXsESTJw3jpfdcZpO9P+Vs9FdvUTOL3lEAZxEWcp3zwzG0IHyK9LdQGUoIDlg0LwjLCiOOtF\/5I6c\/bhOQshuUYQuVgEWErWDMhLGIFg1lzkKBAAbSfKdQ0lkjxm6ZOpmXobJWbg23elmThuC3+pPpnmT7qJ\/zNnU7\/DPIgLcVmWWJCiBIibC+fMVJCAK9092cGb0kMcwP+tBs2gkzh1W2iQSR6RSvKvcffFmHiUxlJqWAtiFLRjrXInhTh3ElaLLE4iqybi9J\/z7Ii0Y+2KzXZf6m1FHM4iTbyBuIzTI6lfn14PuhvDgV7y6XlzGF4DGBrnrI4UMi6N8UnBVXVw3jDrD1KUNYa4kyDRJ05FTwnjDN5XGslFo8VpFKdxCb9\/\/7sX+BHl4AyL+tVbmcm8gstrnq4UHEL\/yLLzEL8HmROCnED7GWx3dVBzrTfZaPpPCj1raIGjNl1tfI008l50x9uOc8db4ALF3cuu5eU6Rh8rOhNvG6WyO5C5YERAwiJ5xJBzfJzGM7eo7GcGyYhXY+68P2MfCval6R4caNIk+gapcpRVpyq28Xw20g5jcz07E2pcyOLM1Idt9FxPJ1no61pf+f4RI9NILwNr2OVDASUpTseK7ZzFto+Q2ys5MMFQKN9djglPl9QdjSdRfJx3uc\/pNs\/eBFQuwUVZjiLwqUBa2NIe085cXcgTtCezgsOAq96Zrz\/fpihUq7fRoS7ewKW1MZvq0zFkwp9pZSf+DbfFsMrqvNu0cWU739yk4rmHfHgEDxfnfl6OquQZseDXUZmlu2lap7GAsmcJ8L8LzfAlK3rMrwIZdO4A9KaE1Xb7pFy37aFtWr6PkXRaf1AMJ8Gznxr201K17AIlgyTWbsnwsFVIcGmd17JkOIh2qcW0kgpEiyi3Y6ZUOqNXN3K6C5hEDGKdzFaB1YOGpf3MDGAlh9zreFihd7AEN8Gse8eIKsS8jAsp2omJJSdZrdX6poUKKiHyQhOcRTrWZ2kfiH+g7ew9jgyu8pDE69ObfX26\/dcnp4DgJWJbeV3CgdjKHt8AzvdkfMsvr0rhb2jL6sibpdI5rzQrylVaU9p96PGevWcJ+0ixJ7fPWV2kcVJmntSqHw+8IfrjjoC\/ZHKDsm4g9qKhr9MTTYxh4MagWqnNu5K373JgHllQLCf\/JHH6UugqjeMsznJIR8VmNXAbCkQbgxVAQk07vEDk4GWTKUfVb7UwLqnf3RwQ46oXZP+RvgjjvKYhxCleSK+arw3C+rOt4s3SDHwsxstsduqaUBsO5euevGiIHU\/Bq7qfuLU6dDou3skJUUFSbOClFWhH5Y5xk4J0dgMWMkGaY5y3BmL354gs+TVVu047yMhQMI6ruoJ30DHm11TjkMrt5UCbyhwELzKIgRa2nFhy2LWUTKbaiHC+iF+r0EQUO\/\/wTWJWqcAAuwi7HDivzu2hICKC\/KU7tpWKEhfMY67EPW9euBnuizbOOGeyJje721eQ87\/jMW9mCrzXtDaQLmLolNtQab51tKuxCimFMBzVf4ULMzuOp7Kqnuoqxh1HNX0FtxrMIfMUKDUhXO8l8Il\/dJRl5VRdHvtux5UyZFv7ESg6GgjKaK8qEc6junWrd0CQT+ARpmH3cCp2V7BtHTjJ3mTXUgAwk6KVsUkEu7jO\/ggY1aGqY7EDP7vOBrEijRNmfwzQWleExgTzYN30nfaO9ly8DWXCsud4uCvHFEwZweJu5fKqe5zLsUMpPzNTrZLSxuV+5KRd4qY9HyBB3nKvH\/mndKD2Il\/MB7xjipf0apY3gXTEgz6u9RmqITymNJukA8falN\/HKBmsdB+rMqdtRzqRVnriDiaeV7YxGnqlL8ahLFXawjfKkBJw4IYV8qxs7OCkolS5oN+EqNQFbdO4Ac2\/9aQSJmzsvTwH0qxk8th1sxjqPhXwUnxN4tsU\/DDFZmr3lnv7l1DEo9Nq464mmlHISEJYgjgpbvdWreHG6lSAo0xkKHAfg0ggmxjhWMfluhOQb7cUcGJtrODzjB56TLITh7nf144Q1SRjbQTMp\/KrbOXLZvBg6m4QI+j9fT8LP9d2jVRwB88wrqWXcYPsPsILDv8Zu4xQUb8me8ax4wY+Er+QQ\/GLZjNeHM5qQEPsSC6oralyQZXxGaKXZecXnU+jyo1c+V42xbzV2zZx6jFpclhRTGXNAjPsxm\/gFQ5qPGQAuEOWCUeuBbGHpCq1rn9tfRt7p8RSrFdIQ8bmlBvSuDk\/SCKmLmAsr81J5iybdIKavDuhVFEtEDXFfNdKldMevPBuFgNpZOU2qTm3yGEpTyl1Tq9EAEC3ruStaJETcCkgpnf403QDHG5KK0+66hvhbcTxFE\/GFBez2he1rqnMLuoDRHCq5elP8M1WG3Kt9BpCXVaegPA5uHVZXnrEMdV2KooOUOjPFZm5BPZXLb3gtPYrotjtRzGxWjZhYwN43oO3Vz3TOGoo6V7g+VJ+dMDpd1r0lUAhe\/ftcnsQrcZrDN\/GiV85vEBQPhG+Lk4SvWLesP0aM2+rOeE1KARitLqlBydnIPfp9MA81MFKU0KYCIeQKoUrjD1PC1lWExjCm1TTtJyiCOZ5lk\/JIGG3Aeyoi3UcoWk7zzihw00xlUTH3rSi\/CA6WShGzHVDO6A9T1JNM7rVdXv5s9vNVLU5NyRhOK1xGxHoqo2vwzomW5+Nt5m2PPTsbMzXk2LE9Cw9CCMw8wuiEJYKQahPSawizT2lwl2XCbxxxtP8DJJlYBUVUhEji+1NYOzboBPV1Oeclw8R4gWChVjp74NoF+T7+H2p\/awvkSkERVVWzIpZHChQDOYIXXIU0qx2ZHQVNyAlcUDB5ZhkjFF4QXSxmGLu1qcaY9BeVM2gRAxGwEf2XXgp6FxqihgCjJ7867MktOv7DHhC2hkR8Xokn6K+UI2o7yo1cgCMczrXU1XbKzkm4xRfOX0KAsnol6re518esGMb3k0M6OYMFMkO2MrKxbpq+ZhNn3p5VXOnHl9gukoULuKFlV7QVVwDdVUzqK5ktFSO8dNVA+anJeGcnPMTKxR1ZRRpXRllWVdH72VP0yUBSGnxPp4T2cfF0z4B6fEJ5CudfLrmq9WN1f3uWUkO5MBfHVjJTvbI+G7ghiMw0G4EBlqNwGrW0CNAT4KGHmlsCTqT60inEdx1OiWAzoLd6nT4axuKSFvIdZnFTRe1gXqjbF4JmPHYMssr+8Zz95ofxreZAL8XEH69KIRzYT7hNtMVpKplSKBvZLk4pWRtNUkOs0v7NENXUMMzYV714dvqJs2Igl8xTjri7OnUa01aXOJZavjwBF5jNAL0iyIHZ7xz6qHpGAhVfV+fizMZIzz7MAxh+O0mgcHhsadkWDpYQ8CEmi\/RG+25OBPoALoTRH4SMooupWjpX3++XWEP4BScCpolpH3mYAZxmWbb5rnQgqsfB4YP\/4hh\/vRs66Zu6tZK87PyxCEMkpqiPKMSuJjSNE3\/8wnNyPcyax+0DhyR+b5IQi0RSYvKLTM\/hVcK38vRGcIOYloyV\/NmI4beaKUVFvU1UzOQt6g5E3KzGaHMyfewJH6o9ozaKcFxOmQ7Z3MfCdiuHPS3eLKvJXHb7wVVymx3llQg+o+y5BZD+KPoQYQ\/Sh2C2vhj2OZ3xUCmY38Whztgg6p2kAq6Ggf56bTwkQugevKd6MiMNW8byygP+rNoAIXJHjZ9eYPxDbG0rlK8CxUvorcTlOcq7MyEICIpovKB1IatBcJro0HHuwUp+frw+YxHnSI+x1iXn0\/v5pKFmR54xoID4UN0CIHtKS4ZuVWz9BvFjyy\/u8juEHbxeNmpgAkMylttZACXCwQ58vHfI\/UD8p89UGWETRVTouN5pIqJWRlfDuSjFBiGwKm3x31KNpvsTWpe4RAlEOb+QpmsONAlez6aELbNVKpHECffboJzZFPw0UBmCGF9DfYaJ5ahSpC9B8Tp9C61Ts5Nu1OtBHzVjNZKlKgJ7AgfFrlQc7ULDZV0bFago7wxDPXWEvACaUE+JIymOSJpentYjC3mxrfMtTgh88xvBQR5cOrqIJcAvbklLEm2O1nUMwsEIjixyhlq+wfxNqUcMV2JXyO5cfCixH\/gQdQeAtm78gKMdXjCjQfXQvR3slT8nX7D2TBm4xGRatRDe39Dh21uaO9vxzpBHsegmDS\/LjHhsy6r1o8GHIsn5zbAhfF+qL1NS1SIG2+rpEFCetxbP84d0ZGRK6sHOUb08nWUXSqowaM4ie+qFqrpoEiVWb3DlwKmoXJVXzmkmodvcthdFYGWuokucfDyrbriTM1iOYoJIK181ewF3tLzhoSbXQB1c9vEF2vHpcOxEQ7OU9xNEX6U+Ibp7HD3FM0HXVuiF0RZAN8vIA2FPNpCMMVUAR+5yGi\/5lkCvzyUwH8Qdf+uqQqBZsRjLajFGb8w\/mmMCdiGUFUQ\/i1S6PexNd0MozhXmsbGrhhXBXozrZUqsiMf5gFXgpJHCFXgUr4ekmdCcBYdcUeMyttScV6eVJlZ8V6DDPMSZ1p+dOhYi9HrNNp1DT263\/swynKo9ArJbjaLKS3O2h7LsE8nWz85+snVL\/o10bNEj+LjNYcrGXNiKteOq1zd+CBd5XoqHwmgY4A0nag09F9L4GNh5dtqLG\/dHKE5wQTFmfBKilh7LMjPQAjWSFw+Jmp8PS2UainQFzQtROZoUfLIrSxBaF4GprU4y7nF2TnR5+QDH993mlWdiklWxZd8aoc1\/zYqLRcFPDG+DRTaUny6oWahRL91\/\/s5lIE8bZRyxFwWGlq4f1tt+4IxtdJJqKLIBpjjJWAQpM0T5pRcHP8eTFmIsmVZUtwL0NX+sS6OCJzvhASPOPZOJPhpsNqOPfb4\/snQ7\/c63TTE+0InFlXJWZsjkGC0L+lIw7hA3odtRPAUbKqqXe05nQHRqqT7Q3coTOZsxplQJ\/dSapKBVcZGXeEdbJroO2E\/vOGg84B9V50GCl16Z8uUXPZ2K2enO7N4qe1Lac2yiK8Jm2JU5bbtqohhYhDPKOWEhs3AT1g40W3v9U13sLcl4zRKnlnjMOmN93rSt0hRobCo2LVS4pk60QG2rnGWTQWtSAmOUIZtLnjMDule6vvjmAP\/UGbX4FQpvPfaBaTGx6ERwyf0cAGJ3lAS6XGrGhkbnwltOLXt+Hawu37RE7ZsdjixTN42UueiMsPpsBMY4SZl8uNbnCRGcEI49BXvgW4ThXbnbtXkGaaNIspwXGwPN2svHnTA9xrybWKUVN1umwtyYvO8N51uhafa5CBHN3xOpFp26mio4YRIhlqpjZX6l7zeqIUy8VIdPgMzhhr4EA3r2DcqwzzmN3E\/fiY0jjI0BOJ7y2RmpnMBxcPlk\/mOY2gbhxNbqfdGnzOv+ZkaInVpN\/bLdHxqMkFT3JXtScob\/sfXNaHZHCWNLgI\/WZylcO8CLjsqqGM8gmuO5ukfUPMHkskdX+lcmvbndV2Cag7QRsZjoUt\/y9BdSIqVEeuLM5Kbg\/FbbzgH3nhdiDn2bP04OwtN1qfqLVGDHWb0ZfYubmHpfAXF+UdOdlv1Tj6t1VRQN3CeoTCpJ2trhvDY+lVVewd52oK8GO3AXZEnXWl9dCXtlb6kZcJ1ZXcIKv2uIJXf43YjWayE8Jd+8uP+UNqidb+b6ZJ5OMkqLKyj9ct0rkTnl2k9KzepkMGF0o2UZ2IjS3UJe68wuM+Kwvkr9GZG6E29Tp8QetNsiamhN8gdAgFLzZOyxJ+HcnnZc8zcYs5gVx3qd3qmv+JspNlx7DFkjkq\/bOqslgHAHoECOu+q+K7kh9irXaZR17vAH1tTKwWEVAO\/C4nJpKiJn2onRoP++vNtiuSDHT1Pt8Ucjyq4H8bPfDvf9UjJGefGhwhwja8HBahlQuam66bRLCItZnaBaTMqTvs+1ZW9OONqO+QSRY39pITcP7oWMHm9TQM7x+9qPr9SC+3sC6jAxSd1LOoMfJLlxPyT0lQ3\/fxaOwEOZraRZXef2tqiOW0ktRMf5Uame\/jlodtEPQibvox7Aunir4gifOvu6P+ybct+UGBXbsOg0Mv0P8yCQgP9WcUoCWmm9EhaWwr6vZl+7ZosdwNXVSaxkgvAzru8647300oW1FZ7mPaQdh8UOHvOYVqAGd3v50tW6BNeS+FxGgwqX0uXIy+bjUW68vxPbcK+q9INnY90h7K6ffM4pxLBm9qZkuF5\/AiO2XIZGlQmvD+iijzevN04RTzb8KwyNjkJ6FLMKNX8yTEbeUICsQhB2Gu29jfNnSXwTtktRR7clGj2RDqTiDpYiS+L7Y5KPGp3pB2lLTGqIlmdDTQC5y8PtSSxXN5RpvpTlsd\/IIiMjgZqC1yLpbRo80GeFcVyaU6RRQOUefyOId8Ft61hDYC7Um3pJmRLKuAF5CiksCY7Dazn9IuRtKXVCVTFhEfL5JATWpIIeRjbtIYYPlT\/NYo4hCopk9qWapTUfRTnRYkMN0l4k+mszEkOEeciyC5wkWCBRkHNuMQ4I+EIKIowBzu1GVLrLzFenT1hcXTlV8LblOxbrAZt3EuT95o64ssIowJjIkbbgE8o5mdlmZ3laurJQyER7vIL7S2PS0QUzhk6nE138uTQadYVFTP2lFt\/RiQ9NUTkxNyzWkKOmiH9cifZ7DMZyPw\/GebUVYnhaw+J6Isk91ASHJnE9GoTml\/YAMqtWM39y7el6NuOgAkOc1AahLN2jsNQRdiSnirRwx8vwMLRo2FWjmFI+b2wbQCmaPZMSjWnKBvDrKTZxBjmKBDjoysycH4TNKM73f49bXQSJrg2YK1He7CzdXKc7SRuNpeb++gNyfsmybYnQgDEmuMqFPMJmdu\/qwF1TOClh1KpreW5iNU6huxMsyVuUpGrmJWbcd9iTapTPaZRP6T56pfmh3BLtX5dBhMzyWF5sjshPfARitBDRxZxh0OSmG4oybJyrJmkk3dwVe0k94geFvJajQshli2vwnLibFjdbVZ3tmhG51DSuPBGARtUAAItT3HKrDpygpvFipKhyJlsBWXsFLN81TTSVwke1aq1KKIUIiKKMpTNdWojac56V3VsZW9Ytz\/gWm5zaqq9hnD7ieJ9AbcSonzptTMtL+33pCpVQUy45qP8rbBHMUNRf9HWNooAZbMeMvqPRk52xuFhiclFKBtTNzUdCeDgrFT9XJfwXRqT6lRtveYePlSHkd4+N6xMsXslc5q80X466qcXN+f3+6pYqyWSx9bHrTu1r6Kf5MT1R4Fs\/EXfn+Lju1LljUf7rAsWuU6Pz6XAg8xIARTZhwRjYItctESCoTrWvieRM5\/rSDUifWIS4toTcpGMzg1viuaK7pCn1KHWOqMIFMk3i+dhodOqkCG5Bh+6JyimriamLJCtWYRUGg8YIbu4bUV8I8b4bGl\/0wxrHCNBEiw82TrTp9VsSCSJ78QgojbFg6qC7JSzEGolnh6qHZgnYtRIQctArdSgKDOgVfBm\/lrVV9kVs8goPy7wNmeyeuqte90C1agOHOPcyE5Cd16IaQAnIpSLgzh83bNfT\/raxXAvEnPyWm1jl8mtQu3A3D5Bp+gKaRN1A3Lc9z9dn0KzPe1SmwdFgqEay8BdfhzqibLvd+seOJrET6i8cWKTbOrpvkmq7y\/HcaxpjmOpUCrtZyGM6jAxYVZx\/iGyAhfnz88KLB+6LCtw7c+iV1RcrwFZ9BqyRG9lZ1104F44g29xnp3Bt0b61VWxapVe0FXVZLpquJCuqjmYlUObySBfb4HJ2ewloD4GYlkw5o0CfMa\/z4RkyA\/pfDZ+U1cyo9fge1xOe5NWkqm9GSRZAWfq14itNz6fYV7Er\/AbpV6N4ncYtqBljXrUpdC95fBpr288flr4ehoMTZ0cZMaPQQIdSPrZh8k2Wb0hbZ1gA\/a0t0D1C698B2+NzeQ0EuD0Buqri2Jmaj5lJbYpZRcbhtpCjDx2b9Ys02X8BeatXt1JpJXQa+Xlask5RgeeJPKuFnAl2yhUNs8uKALB7IHRQ2UABf\/jiYATMAf1HKdPHrKS69hcgs+tZmDIDQVghcpZpPh2G0cFBB3BEFnozOveYX9R77lKPvd5+6xurAM6dGJtHYdWRFhBiXOW0RYPdWCD1vq7LGuZZdoTWoJnH4YhDL+Rg8MdqxVVGhUVKyMsKNESuFt6x4evJ80gnnsrfYOwYFV3\/oSejYrsV5CXpA2zXMJkMFmkolNQ5RZTQvc7aTBWabfa6kp1oTcKaWaI\/VR0vQhQkL7GKMIjoFm6zajncCWHSnHWBCtFbyh4WzbvxmGz2ShqxWttV2WxJh7HMiO2xPkc20Jl11f1A3cbuV23EXXvm+jGRxc+1o6j5KlKuurO+flabzosBOhttpvVLM1NZ3tMghhJAuSZLfCJemyFJItdfAuficfazK0Sz3WDHy51qJ7LayGD0KidSZwTpbkH0d7c2sLedBG\/RW9Or96W6MPc9JJ9I2JtPLxv\/ZINaM\/jdSAD1RUw+cp6oC3BS6Pa0dGtMhO0VojVXeeGQfRHSTktz2xzJfNpP5dc8X4QV91VZ2EkhxKpM27VhbnbzauvMaLQogrO4tUv2NDnEt9EPajgzMmbmmy8u\/8UKPG8TKhdTSCOUEalMP6hXM7rIF4C4cKpD\/ovVdsUBOjJWFBy8bNu\/iftl7p1CjluFqIYP6Hk+wlUyOnUBPPq7hZbTujBfA1Qy3rL1tU1pSuIw7Upyb8vsRgmO7MvSAzBT+9p7GhknOP3pzjVivzo61IWV\/PMn3Rq\/6\/mdiN57TpaxIugZqdx+i0GwWNCEjf5nonDZFD4WN3uu29JH1qhuta84aoXcRTqlhAkFMXu4t95ukSXy039zbbFPPsduNH13ZhFTBAFKrzhWcje4YvOAUIggJxjVAsnGse2LMiBSW93Yd9URdQNjielw5Niwft6n4AmHH\/JUTcXNuMZwiw7USByWuz1GptCehUMwvcmJQp3r\/7PJ8tc\/7S640Ul3\/n4NscjQVKQyfvVt3vgTraCVhuAeAlyHeArdXnPhqV0UzNQZufDMndcNZ3f2ytB1Lvct1FCgmm2\/r7t4TQp92hNmopr2Oo4YPUyVXC3imtSFnTOORzwWilBBzM0L4Sny+Ji3DftSjXkuREnVTXkc0olSp+PnazeiWsizdQuokcqhkZOdOSj5+aY3frlEwFn7wdJm+oO4qBPjQBmp6dGpxgR3zG5iZEYa3h8wbWYB7EmJXI1oZl22uTGK1n6wtFReDPbbgwByICo164A86wAPSY69pplaK3ZRXrdlRirwFLmHlFihnqsbxi0wcFUdRzvqViU81Su6Z6Ka9vL1KiHUeZfem5+ABSMvnnGnNdgeLs9zBi4q+6NObencu57dZuS3lwheJmGAZiAYdqNjDwh\/AFH0xOxYLxh\/pJdDP8mrqViui8OJc6Zi0tQjwUDwClkBLoHVhzdF4VYTv+Ik+K+Ql1EnhrKqNLBGbDx3GrBwf5c7veSXWS375Sdesla9HOeX51Uy9Ko5peMwwu\/jVqRxdLBCe2TdGW0zqo7c5nS2b\/0OsdsZapc2mTjCiqeJgB3CF9GAgdn0kLCJ6Z+H+2fozi3TQSoZC6Uws3a2rClt4+Jk2SsZrbuFNMk136\/+DKZzrKNLBRxiSpN4SvMJ6XxGOJoEC8+LVuEAOOzFM50H2PbRp\/Kr1QBD3BnL8RSozC5GXj\/cRrK7p7RuQZb6cO2pYkOLSUvKNyhKoNkJ+oMu2u3XUu8SO4s3B\/KjCMSAbntSdAgcb12zGXWvz\/mol7PJVoiDtS8y\/MSNWPLTt9l6dKXZV+SMgGYROKb4dFOZT9phsa7lH1irsvx7qucqwifA1Dw\/kAie0f+QKy5ihP8eg0a0JNHkPaNrYvaKjSzQMUztwGSMXknEp0U4BxjmGOjNgvlRsJ7mMjcSpghV4o71THfyTecpq\/9ztRd\/CKHubWVmwY7H+3TJ\/dnn\/7M+PkxkzpTDBsgUMbpJot+3Cx0j3M2fQ6WjLIJ96Rj7Eg6yFzbRZnDMjjNAF7pH4RxvHV0Y5AGLtSDSdqNKea+OpJ0FoxVnw4TQXixHh3IBVPuH8BsBNFrc4Ez295VSyeg7WNvkTmXuh1gcvmmU8\/D9AiOMPy2IpITNXFUFtsF+kEAk3roszOwJIOHV+oBvxaYFRzJRePYNktrHub6yQ6Mf38CxVODhYDRQfUGq3PFhleubovYshfhrZYaP4bDrbpsL1lpk6VebtxdMi31MmaLa34bhf\/puiL+p6fu0BIVHaaeW2eg6jTr5EBzrcC1bNw8snXcI4qBaCHZ6Seec8sn9lZDq8MUWvTPWiZQdtRekYff3dm6zBjsOPUWPkTmPUyhVH+mtaViwqQxuOYhC45XGBQlKONA4gnaIybKJEKp6MjdPCYbpbGXL6MAiHJYUiZRlZYZ\/eyycqywCLUCnaSGhmnYaMJ6TkIVfb2Ir\/3gZl18NrAOVe7zt16i\/s7rQREoEMkn2oxowDHSK+OazQuCefY22\/1cWfrMs7fFBACB6fEW0uJSLJXUA0D09jex6\/VSh6KGppwCJTBUdy8851IuS9QZxLYIc7vUwqARkN\/yLw8JfIUo1Y9oz\/HmN1hxn9i78PdrDEv6Vu9Xgy6iBf7M7s9FyZD7gqvM3WJBk\/dkWtWHxU6nEgoi37rOYagQ1\/oyuwYn7H+jngH9NYZvhfZrniXwy0MJ\/IdvxOuHUIZ5bj80x4XJJbmEsEzcnWGXy9ukYP3GcGB4gvDHLw+XBKQP3ziUKYmLuKAZVWg0ASlOUMuCBQ9CJvHpcVh1fj8Y1FJY903f5fCo8wTduu5OrDKFOUZyIudWwurlwHvNvaitHG+m7QhaJACm5zj52Es95dmE2+RrjlZaIbftxQfovoxRjvV5ASCXIMtTmIuZNjs0o40Tk9y1ifX4pgZnDe7T8V0mEnFnh215hzvnfbBrh7tmZLsgtdeI4YyeanvseO6UcveillZBPn6lA6\/QWPIqMwPgyyf+A5OeerGz9+nwmqhTrDnQ5KKNZL44XSDp3eoYa0Ta3io+ZyBXlZhbViUTwXelBWAFpTEzM5Rxj0u8KOZo6M2DJJkhKu1oE3NOFGQg\/Xg7wZzSCNUOtmjHUJ+NLI\/RKtbpTZvf8KHDyHp7m8Pbb7AulG68pLoJ8P2DHG5fYM9KkwcaVqDlj5\/dtUqjz2F8biWYZ3Or9PIpK29sV6kp57r47B0mWAONS3qbHJV2SbUgzgMURtN5yXZMdeOqzo\/CVWoe1UWn8LLQ1pVuXK6HbCcuCBzbqNRZpEdiv6mrge00ilaoStCu\/S2LsUbmmoYz3fIuKTH4VrOsQMDT57gwTnFZr8\/ITaTCXOEmsNAm2wRCE3NyoV1S7hg5Cgkes7eLWnpPuy\/YhomWHTL6KvFCB8XEiWpTsEi2vIs0AQvjfNJmmKxtCXancZcd\/nQ2gvRNi3nRQwCu5VKQ9ObRpu121HuatTXPlefH4ubFZiDTQB2I1Ags6+PfvjwUZXYxmlQZxcO3gRbUM0mc4jp\/hJ\/Wn85NdokU1p9+a\/JM\/HGqP71k9afy9MPmnmjdoutQ5HvFugjuWshYi17TcVBLh9+Mi5Ejd+br23DgyQKAyePNdDQ2MaXVW3WY7wS7AOVr0efMrP3CMrc\/a\/ZqWXQ3CaL6gPcSwe90cf9U9T24wRR+eUiQqu6BxlEbFc\/3I68xUTixBr4Zq6yo6SJ9SkGeZ2\/fGgmLvnBRTLRE9HD6xUq5XKIUCkJ8\/zrQFibkL2Or2u9BVML81gjLDw+9ySooala7W\/GID9QdOZO77VAuf5VkZG6cHxrr65DF3Vkdlsgwi8JLtSain2Mc8+zNwMyjOa3Crz5tUd9JHXfNLtF6YpPNNctBKshaFg2A2Oo\/qz\/pu3EJkD\/gV\/9alllaFZzjsUHnHRW83zrUUxQ1xI6G6HudQBkXMF\/Y\/MqjxjSu3z\/fiiDPksQHed2d8hSnh7a0n7qr+7r+3EY1N43cqqbpcfPel4s0hNiw4OV2h3pP17N\/6xUohtKVE6SfGX2orAHzPJEv0CiBX4jbQoGKVnXIFnqKnJe+GyGEF3RwkOWkvt3K7MJFzPhZWWZnJeDrpu4BYZwRvX1QQHQiW0x+phu4YxicuFprUtApaZ9AnKPqVsrzceLQujpsVwSni+crGPvr2jRFkeTZsuG5J8f8fOSvZigI+GuEOqSZ61EgYcqdAAzz5Q5rO8jkhDDI8ir34zUNIV5N\/qcuQlqvfkMg8HtNNQ1wlUSHMY120OOtYt6XwOqia1VE6Wp9CioWbg5sV3s6Xm4LblDjXe4H6NQniTpZSzZb5DLxvpajqPuyEz4JaXyC8ol4ZJirGSagBN4MI4HVKjV5P+OqQLKM6klYBk8chWnnYYvQWqpYH4p+XCgAZqJ6MIHaz\/r4R\/d7H0ZZDpVeISKWnP0c38095qKfTrZ+cvSLniX6NdGTWA8TPSz1MNSjGCZhAUudRCWtpPiNyu3hdlZTYXQSqNXdurUhWpOTiCdQm6WobodFZAMd6HF6uZZ6lcSjTu36awl8LOh+W40loc1pnEMyEyhNmTQGCW296voyOtoggQb0R+9s45iMf\/Y0\/lGYAIVOhC+3Qcs05rpGz0GrwIaN2jpq1NawqD+FjQI7LutPl+ZTmtRqazKr1YSRuSAdF\/XRLUPHc4DPpgfPKsvI3rjt5hxfh4B\/iJFNWPn32RacBw9LsDAJVEiajGYWRQAKLKOgntiZwUmhByUor8U822AjoIxiZxt788yeoyMkgCtUqCiNb6A6Ru5IwXkIe27ArWoOV4RHXgWFYSXWl4ciBZfilJXIn7YeBr7FQlCcYKiwHfI7AmnOG\/Upexu8MiqemdFET0A+IK1pWTIurR\/JmP2EFIhGFJd6xWHipHCYy1xNxmCoepLE43qCvWBZBnfg7BK8sz89grs+FzwF4Sixu16K8p5SgXbgib0kIIBC6kUmbR63\/0kBO2SUZkscKsU9caOIjSzVJfNRyx9eg6k969Y3GJ3YGFLvsAwXu3dQyJ9k5\/Dv0G4gnwklk0CUMXUIiH8Gm24ck9uQ\/DiL5KGbRvFunoY9X7V1G40FNwLr1mOTaTH7w7zXrTwohw8j2DMMzCSnwGo2a4THJeBMqyo1LMhxyHRb\/kJmNZaE5BgdrPLcIYLiCfcJW8L3wQkGLzBcrQbPxTw2pbdtwsi83SZ4q6Kq09vEUKEEGglBImIvjOAk5rZwxue26PC8Hp\/qFM2GJB969wFd5kQuchirSXOH3NWNIjjBM9xr2GtEC0H+Mn52QlBCZRFIofpyMl21VmoylQInUKbje9UVbSDdUiLqljeEev7j7LZ1s9vGpC6Zd7v7ZYr+E\/s3fnJMZtW3Kpo1v0wRpip3RXj8FeEp1rnwXYZqDOMC+AkM5VdF\/esQjPtoprFZu+oNFeJ5lB4VpRqaQ8eDjEyqZR\/FeQNi3hwRkJfVv6XngzwG07D7oWmdoQDVmb6gpgZ60vWI1PhlWJdpk66QcGBUCgH2IWFnTpFUWHDf0fYrDXvoPTkII0J3zNc33cG+suMbPoM47W2YgtrqcJEa39irsgDKZ+YZdT1hgmz4sHyDMB2RUeWOUZtoI56yt\/Q2KrBhggaZS4LXwHqD4gIDdMjLONtrtvY3zZIEjw\/pYxgnzOnmR9JNorM8ZyH88nBMMh8dwpoqH3PgH1jAgQtIjQ\/FJhYwZBlKlizcqkamiw+9kGQRmAapjY\/pRb36w7VAGxab\/aolrH2k6F+UbIuoJxV9BZKIN7UQbaq6Yw7K3uDEqcevbiCRxMHzAhYlMtoKLbww9SIhcqUQOWfNUTScX75i8RfrNOOS2N5Akq1urzAos9yAUVSvvlEEIEF8JmlfpZHKN\/8ELvDLQx6nx4dvX0nAW0frnStJZkfsnFJ3tKrBqhk6RWHdmmqVhMPtmsz++E2VdlDAIIZfYneMsuWyqenTurzoHlAeL6pyTI18MOfl\/bDkSUBGx94o2r5z3x1hK8TMDmKDCCbpGXEImDr6MCl6s+lKsaWmswSJrDHsu4p8Q6Oygbqi0K0Ny5Wl4XBsc1JmVGrXfKJi2eG9YdHqSTQJolW1A2Zh\/Jz\/kWXn3vg9KSAKM5d9STjs1VDeY7WuUkJzd2Afmo8EKPLM5XjnNiPNSjgdENweAgS3JZ4QDAy49jMruRgajqwbgXTxwyjWqK2vuEzVpYM+fnlIMhDie0eEZxSg8qt5XuOIZ3H+UblAXdYKHPk+jPOnvExWg32lmlFuRVIxzPMsf\/gmxoWJsWBrlUMRh3CsHoD1MGAlSl7GpLOnsUuwGIQ50rHjjIWD\/iFEe9DqCbqcH5wZ+oFBjaSyiHS6LYOCgBm0tFSNOviu4qc4DNAjrspy7ZcJn8uY9yBxFH35Zgb6oU4lHZkLBaZAcHZRaCQfpzzcBach\/yCVRrWwXG5vourC251Xo8iD8XYvIUeDcFooDpI\/VcI+6460UXD9ey2mEWm54wtLuqWB3BPyS5N+VqRrAYB4JCzERXnjE6O9wpyE+hk+PIHXGC0Lou0gTsXRKfT9fCk\/biNuhTuZZtEevAEkYl4R49KFODfqvCMSOOgQKEl0yM0eyu6hrEcfncVzsvILzVTt7SFz\/VQ6WrFvdxHqOSYP1MeFraeoyvEmrTpeyiiyqByJp+tc3nH81mR1Dcsd93RYaNqY3TaZ8s82BMSl4Dc05M3qrO\/NeyhEFxQ3wUnJneKkpKRyuglRwQvR0MZDvnKQLzPtFeZx9IHksc4gWi3MylLJXf6NgtE\/DPtcHIbsBKSsveiq\/avSI4maltKbjq8pRzFaagRdXW5DjTTIIsOyQ\/+9ZLJ+x7yzzgg1RdfhXatQAjQmwx8f3mZ2x7QdFo72SXI6iGIYeqDLK22E\/KZ+ZknivUF\/8jkcRyOb80qpJZDPay+OBbNP1XoZes93wMBLVSzm4d4HGDPmPM47xmSTJvlZ73aqc6oAEV1FOCwjcoihgaZSiCsJIFp2MzDuM6OdhBSO4Ll2F1YITi1Vnm3ckQWhY7K\/bq\/8E+UKUFecsy4jBCg6OfX5uy7gNsN69yAMUkvRCtRr57H67TzWasK0MAYdafZL0XV+y2nJPNUTmMS3zoQY1kQ+RVfkBPRJN6Ccei0Mt4qgGwQU1EMDmKqUWqaCF3zHJbR5IorfYShB17Mtd+NuHc\/1BA3E6xvvy\/R64kvC11NHXg0pWo+K8mgRzT07H3v07yLIIUxvY0Y7Hrkluqg58+OTi2SR6c7rTavY1bxTAuIjJTFW\/QKZ\/6jmUYq7Tw5YHjlHMLsZBsz+Qq+ZjV4Ds9HoNehRRfQa8soC6DUw60KvmQVS01Y7D6QGZvNQZdp+8Kgy0+FkmuMxB04GZneBk5lk8x3f5dEYNDAbj0GDpmL8owoYNDBDyvplQWhgtjQIDZnWasbIZFQ9vxcKDW6RNVm2e3p8HX8mCg2eoLPCZlwchabaikNYLuZ\/NCSXatz3QHKRVo0kyCSB4cM3fUYtsCiRdICq4XuoojxHp\/PzAF1Iaz8CoEvVk78AXRYFdEGz+icAulD8y58B6AKzv8K4\/+QwbrIES9r3qxr\/fURHI+ZhXnQ0qaHZyxOjo9la\/uToaK4zP2B0NNvDHz06GvXyT4mOhplydDRRLkrdjCc7EcFsUtz02OyYnxcLXQ2k0oyCoPzykMMCIl5XuqPRXCrs6K5IaHb5ZPwAa01p7\/Zc32p\/05zVnxU4XY+KtgAVJQheRAuQh0xApiyC+kCHWCs2XAU2o+9OyOWA6gsVu1cgNMyMKAHlYHpt3EY97iDPigLh3o9v5JOj4VCLatFwpmZYtvnTLKTTYfZ++dg3W5YJYhb7pRLMBbPhYC77U4O5\/oNHcdXrc\/cAJpih5OA+HIR7VA32Ge3EzF8Ra09plsZFX\/1ggVeYjwx+\/IAE0s+vWE2whHeQmp59GCVU4Zr4rDiISuM\/fFzYNVxsoDgIosMd\/16BCGq9IzQtS\/slJoolHHKzn2A5oNzsO3s15GE\/xWBRvE0K9BMUTfZk6BPciQoOtdMBYQIyKq3Sm9qxuJw8O1zuQcVYxaF4g\/FDyMG5Aw2YmuzxLKZaw5rPusgIy6hkHFawbRU3nlcdqa6eQuHO3E3EZktGqcd+YVlFNfKEb7tCV38nQoHUd+sarp2f5YVMAKjultO8Fl8eUAmyVCn7hEjqCrK0gGnZVkblk\/1ftvf3pqY9qPV1TyINp3ljGNllnEZM5L20dXAaqS\/qt79RyX9HbpTDPWDwMNlIj\/DWr2ew3U+h\/tlFy64lvpc4dwlpONU0TGfECtKKdy5eceFVU+jUcWKwu7OYITA5MtbV8RewUhOxmtvjXe5K1I3KOI8ICcXyzXEcSI6aPxUCHZ3Eu4eNVY38hwobq8b0I4aNIf8kP3lrpE7jXVUzX\/rJrbUVJeBSIK1Y9eleN0LpJ1oALuj3G01jGf+ITi3fYlwe6gZyTitPehmubqO1fUr2l4M4wFeYl3EAkrq0zC5qnS5D2nLJ3VKD6X+V1Havoj5fvL8EzbHLHTZ7RP5c4Ry4W5Vz8O89QrG2pC4YNFbrLn\/QCEVRZVZHVC8RnVi7Hi+jUpwTcNg6uC27tkvFsilYMhVi2ThOQFe8a\/VJB\/9TArNQVMJSgVnP6fvJiOKjLAqByhs\/Kmf8HAuTQm9Zh37M1w2AvHcLr3us67S4bDdEJmuIT1aW2XnUDCiMAgVHDVrCxSvJNTkBgtDTZjCN0n8KRETVLw3djDTih9UpoMrQbhWzi7dNPpeXXvjcKVWKKCKTOna+cay7aKhesOc4YAF9SXTyH5v8FwQB+YDENvIJYXi0n9onfJCG5FPx+0od4oM0Pv5Z1PitC5W9Ph6NJZqDOFfpkz3Yypzq0bx2YGOTXc3XXX9HL4I8R2fZ0RyFFtGCqU0zekXoI65I6N3zWqEnaMeojF1llKcskaQDaLwL+tHIZ40qzMoBXH+1yvDssxWSuVc54r\/fFEdsK9Xe2cfDyG2j0txLmgUvYxZXkfr42buu9DQ5vCq7bHny1HRDJAuu0oFBFYmr2DucRUhAflvkRvdBvsRBCcBFpvKiVfUYw9BkuFa7KqmWF\/vJjeFeB5TQS1n38BnNA4G\/EsKvexDV1Fmsz07dLcVZ6IjvVwnuJ8IKs9gqkk6RJdlN4KrX3nhhuu5Cs6H3fLD+qIoqN2fL+vg35OgMQhSygdd9ZAReXwUa9sYtXo864iZ\/1oMshPolh\/qLH+oFOF\/0yu3kxqjq\/jvMQ5AC\/eHvy5c4LbJU+z8+LjBP4BHJEA\/6v4JTdgb63+cxSHQULGMUCDZP+9\/i8yXLS5CW6kMPP4oEvsdg8tC5CiYO\/eH\/usD0P5Oqgge9nolFh1rTF4y6h3n8i57EehjqYamXoV6edHz+fr9mJdSj+FhpqPWTpf\/\/7V17j+M2kv8qggcLjHNSR1bbHo99M9hkks3u5fJAksPdYq73QFu0rW5Z8kpyT3eMfK77\/z7ZoUhKIiXKVkl0dwdIBrvdrQerSJGsYj1+xVEDtmN7O7G3U1DsnZD6lP1CH+kyiT\/ZLC45z7gf8rq3RoioDVufDY8A15PvSdA7Nvj2qMPUlzbZyqCcYjZnDQAPpE2a+yivpnRXRNIy7uAhezQc9vp8aip43y9IKsM7PFZTzTn\/+cpOHPW+7V65E7rr1yVuF4EI8kp3TkyGsoNDxfAPrRhghltn+rPD2zHAUKKZmh34Yc30YmcbbLasgDG3BaeCpxovw2ZIjXIyMa1CgpmBVbIjyZ2yRmq4G+OWUrKB7zCI7oBtcjkOwWx3AsLVzPgzABMYfvaLbaylOibKtfnhMTQGLG1VTEFiC9SXAu0liUP6bsCvDm7yvzOyHNwMRT6sMgV4GIK5Trbq2VFtdP5qvfZJS\/ugqoKQ5I6ZnhOSQr6aGts7f+Wy\/xaVE1zlunoamSebJXntTSZ2\/j\/3ajIZLmq2AuAa\/ltoTiTqPYE1JXpZqYzeuiZ6RXjDVDjRc5m+3HPluq7nrs3+XU21XZYHrtpl+V7eZbiyWumKweP7nGbx3il8LbB4P7NNNIKKQjzfGMesqviE5FVT9R\/J92oJAyxMsN\/G4VMn2JFNIbeC3cbeB6vskFD7PvApFKWE7S8IWY1Nft40SPMji3j67N2g9ETxm0pwPr9UG5FWxEvEohKTqMQpKrGLdDhFySH\/LSuf8wV2Ua52aHXL4XH7uN\/SPJizqOGaX2UX+R\/g8w2DXQBxGyRJ59a0tbH6Yn2T1BepJzsSHUhYhbhfJpTcOZ\/ixOcyXlwlIYlW9Hm7IQRgti1koNDqG7vQmV+Fj2EePyQfBOH3u2B1RxOul+rPF+6VO26JZVWwwKj9U1Fy2Y+UhTm7o68H\/OcH8fML8XM2QNCBIORTdFz3iy\/\/23O9v\/DGvb\/8t+t++WWF8lcD5ACX00D5+OdZGbCfnRnIvymWTjnUyI5qZu+JL1p2J\/+S\/OfbAULHCrcstGg+uppMFvkVcOPDRATwMnaNO1OL69Nciovr3Do\/bxtvyrtIkmE7L8JHePwG95KYrqQDibYv8acPXXpxSIZHFdtmPvjbl99ZP4b0wfqZRKn1RUKWYO1SLw\/swfdxFlce+ZluYmr9x98KK+DgG0p\/JdaPSTyQDGSLkmJuuH9SomAzfzKK5bSeaWb1eKKd1hP9tJ4UAYuPUbalaZAWwQUsuqdyT4L45LfuAaclypzosKNJsAL1NgJncXTYpVxaihgZMNyDHGgvg\/I1wSyKr\/6n5VTs9lqxOroQw75WrJMuxKTX6qJ1UUWUbO\/8LMctSF8z63VhuQYz9j1JbFBymWRnt+GXQxSwn9FhZxfQ0nD3Jv\/zsLuxP65CkqafvRuwWwP5wiEKlL+jw25w03Y8np9RC7nbl\/Plj0HGDnJreVeukz8GGTvIqvCuSLXv4iiuirNChB0C9jhzxtqDn\/8CDzs\/0c0hJMnA\/hBHaRyS1C6eqcfNH6IAmHWWgR\/MrQCez7psXnUrObcDCkl402WtGm3z0JJPNYSwMEeqgt2euO5QjRkoniz1Ahv0gmGHwVzaXFGAI6Zf4mqHdEMjv8tImmvw0IbD02Mo3oQh7DA2p+0jHcbGXIOHNhweG2cNqJf26GrWZVSutiR1ShdUrv\/ZhSFMdk+Jm7AhaW5Ld9mFd4PiSmdF7WVzeHiWMaznoiE09F+3HQ6Jv27rh8Tv6cMhtX4EhLefP9TkTP3SwB78GESbv5Bow+\/+NUjIJojE2eqbLwf24LsAgNbidWb9nfyVBsrh68O\/fcvf+zk+JCtq\/ZVEJanTR8uXzyoX3S+az\/IY+0Z3jEUaZy53iuW472BAhcWRBKtMpDYesriIPUt2JMQtmi7bg\/TaBQ5\/0PofKjNWZVa3sjYqMyyGF6Aui89tSA2dtlVDh12dKCrbBtS+KVLtE5R7KlVvutD8PSkEt10M07fknNX4337USCtFPsl\/f0vuDtY3cbYNVmBE\/X5gD\/6eXxjY39EgeYyrkgsoYEzKz8iRzt78POx0keLPYYtuLcUXYKHOn2TVNvbbBGry9HSp5tO8i9yXXruA3L\/9wx7ZQe6rO1YbuQ\/L5wXI\/VvyLOYnndxvWmsduvMMZqBb8vT6wC353ekDd3EHfeAuPqcPfPuTRtx9sd+H1Pr5q1yyfU9hGX5Hws0hKoRbRapBQxixf3nCOul+Uaq\/YyEu7yB3lO4dEoZGRPVd3ElUS69dQFRD63+IaqyoVjeTNqIaFskLENXic78EUd2B7WcQyYLyk4pkQfP3JJK3QQeRvA3OieSv6D2JyIYkwcmoJ+Wxb+NtEMVxol79PoCjGGERURjZ\/IQc6IT005CXpPXkRQeA4WZkF2krvXYBaQut\/yFtsdJW3SfaSFt55r8AqSs++8uOzxBMPoOMFZT7ytiW3eU0l1EHgbWMNE7mYhP+kkYbEuo26mJH\/pJEm5CgxNGF2hfuXOONdxMlY70oGb8MUbKMOokS6bULiBJo\/Q9RghUl6grWixLNongBMkR8b0MyZHwZGSKYNCBDxkgZIig\/kQzhyWqQ212dq2xy5tMW\/hLdrW1FGVnC7GF7EXpf4ql6Pl8pYZaUJGF+3QyPfaYbx2x0SJKn4K229J794gcSpV0AFe5u7KvwsIIEVfY8R5moXANEjeISNJbEUeXB\/Kry6C6+p9oGD3t+eVhUhjqmKwJ7vzNqC3OWp+6ylF2BpVPk8QbrhOz4tw3jTSx90bjs947sw2CZ0E3o7MiePbwONvA6HzSSZOy3HdnXGUVs9\/A9AJoXijo6kOGb0DVrOP+dfNwmdP2Pd4NX6yihazjTF+Sq1Y04QCt2tET\/E+cuyERyPMfGdXb+HEBE5UsP6XycX+K4wM6apNl85Lm7lF+mJGXY2JDq7s9Xh2Wwcpb014Amr90rj6XMj0TC\/CoJOMQ7RIjNeeb7Lnh4HURWmmyWJahC\/uDQGnl\/splk3ZOEVTlh9\/95IFF22PVBuRIDwP\/Yxmn+awaJ+HxcgjxXv0pmId\/lnak8wi4WzzU1sGy6sWq6IZSphrtxVN4RuAROEN11GBbrMw7VpECADFlOup\/Ee2cdhBkAMDP9LM\/urt5lNzkUgijn1nqlFMzsD8vzderOgeifwP4HnVdF2ZtqUPZa4xUm+yp+ck\/e2xO2SK1oYz47KuAzDrh+7iKaphxQj90u8GgKyJL2RVMZ9Sa4GK+Ocsghaips2qtDAkv8A3RiONSi6FSwvD0ch1fR2jkEUED+WIPjwQCBqm3xqSp0gncDse4GN7WvgV6R50gVs0RDrBPS80lqG9gkmyh1mbDMhcCrPTL8ublVYJs\/LIqCEQJwPP\/bm7lyTSwOLyGhpLMKBH8WtURpYgGx11DZoUB2nCGQHXMmJQLXDNzxBAXOYh8SAKf+G2Ic9TiaOTv7h0WxkymI8sUoOo2omlAEYJW9dhn8vKvH1Myx+F0Ex8Ex524qswd\/SEWqSoDwAldW3iPqqLL5Fdg3VuCeYvuufPU2hg6zywh24Sx4PFdAZnGJswEjv6VJXM6P8YxByY5dzObH2nAArVaHXcvm9Kkp7Xpj3JQuyZ2t7nE1AWwNTallqEetVklo78nSDdx0zAduhltd9JEmcbV6LPyfcIGyRdBYrg0+1shTtiy+SckLEQq+yBYvNHdWGFj\/YoWBptDj\/\/3vIK9OlIhl1lh3CIfgW1InxxPNLXrK2oKIwGgzJOmc5BDSqrIm5juru5jvSm69KocM4qxRb3DFifOJal3txbrhZXVkqTdbbSXsYlMjUBJzQpmcN25dYgqaAYhJ+fWpK3ELU50BX8sq9kynYpvThB2yYvfOrNl8fZa88p0VI8jWZJWl7aqaJnRPSfaaBTKug8wWO94IYJ7ZrjcsGLnuiBaOZfy9H9yrsNUcupyjlV+w1EzOgOVnR3l1jVEyTTThS2WCqmUETS0VVocCi91+0fEDjrQC\/eTs82xF0A6NqsolS6eZGFeZ6NJtde6ybYbNXb7hdGmRbcA7CpGD+vJ+XJq71tTwxCr6M18HSV7AUOam4VyPJQNGx2rPWtWyROsFjBzMaF0Fr0KMXoZ2SldVZRm9jxrVhRWGuBL6G64\/vLqYXJ\/AkxUC0ChnqJ0zb5NNspSuuFVIqB2ihkUug0zN9ILmvk6jan8zpwqk+zDInubMw0m1qWaoO+1gjyVJ\/CnVrq7aaeKCWgQw8V6uXX1KBMF5TttzsXWrNf4urX8A605QlEhkg3Odb0pnj\/nnKriKo895kwCW46xB2Znqqr8ZOyoxyk3HvKJAVN+DXk6m4aDXYM2WoNSxtB74auUzdG55C6Qi2WlHYpR3TZTH8o5oaBoimFvRMEwdz8a+cY1+Y9yu7uuJHXo6RtpZX0DnmtRws5JIsH2GiesqE6Z72UfPBwqqeo982dpiP5u1HR9VRX+Gp7o\/PsUewkidP66MuPHF5EEYKDuH4zNuT7y0cTvTjmp61aqbBpkjiZ\/qVE0mnPvudujTOGfH5D40ct0OLAhX\/rvB9eAGuyMhR7\/7hkES39peHysLZ4ZvZK\/Ys2aVU+4Y3WAZn\/JukCUHVhiAK73GVvQ22LcylU51S8mMFyPNasFNjI9Gt8oUq6mDi1MPNn82ekTj9GzbNeZK9+NMhBbFEX034K7ae7XEgxwmIO4P+xAJonXcRADu9Wp8RQ7wdFP74nYvElzXb6KAtH\/pCET0kCUkbKLQ0R32z\/CInpWGhA87MmlWsR8k3L4zt\/h2u8BFXFyzgAuS7ukqc9iJa255I9f63PLevimXP\/OdeMwAWwbqtDmzFwVuK7E9xfNFcOKwMZaqKD9rbE+E0QSbQGVERaalU7hX2a7gLGn2idJISHsPt8kzUieckdde3UXFHMjGvZCclbuqBttvix15dFdLkDjs9zRZAW6Owdkv2UZGGq\/j9VhnIqm4Id1JrQuOe+VeN4mJwvZRARUg0eOnLU0oug+lTW801mirmhLAY5OeU86EqmGXimypAfBZJwdfCfPiuDIxzRrtSvZg5UW4zdbVqwBe07cVNrxeX5ZIbEOlweoa15rMWmyF3ahzw5osMAzrklAlTxZD5dSp+H+YtdvoWUOQbjhgeMzv0hBkhDK7kyAs+8fUXLPdUNrnk6QM7kuzYHX3uOArqwyPSmm4FtFRTHSrpWdd935rOUyODKUwPzVysgg54GXWoFa66EO2DSLEAGXxytlVRgj3esUIw4JxWrg3IN3E9H6TxSsrDEqBiHyVtHOMXDc7RsqOwzMwIFPVqiG6zUI4GwZCSp84J0uuz8qS3kZ+Ni5tQrkatT32LvYrko\/ghXFE\/Oi7wZ4V2bP7NaIeyGHcT++kZ3SIqnKCXHWR0bOHKtdxOi1wkx6WxbrxcmsK2\/cN2QwEEXmRie2ycP6LJTOWvInzi5n\/+MZXdHmshHAZPglh2Xov0jYrxxmdeeXMEQeEW75fjNWdWbjuD0kKo7mPWUmn+nZdtYpfzGup9Hw+z7OUfJqRIExZeV1ZV+kw\/crWL5\/7gmXtY7yn0U3x4S\/qS2cE9fKbBxXi+Af95ChpUW5dTUHZN8meB9AoGqg3qwRlz0oJeplRKhg5EekLobcLXAiOvKBWIdntX8Mg2df3n2xYoB05LAJ75eX6BmfZgNZ2NCMtjct8\/yg6P31eT\/g+iVNajbnCvm\/tERqG6jqoRci9qatrU5NHfyY8CxbGrnIecORj\/wyZeuJVJkBhJlMF0JKkFDooWx\/HbiXQrTos3rSFVcfTGnW8c0YdTB9L35Ew0bH+yd\/vbQtGr7WMjkwyOlZmWXWSTS4pkKPD7iind2EW9nWVsXETY0J9rVl6UO4oCPeWUxpm1XhLtzJwZqMWWaRuU7yn1o1tLn4WFLaTsaZyrJ44bCLdrUBCOVdrXKUTowPqh+2O4uop\/GTiT884YrQ\/3w8bjVss5l2NJECNDaRhlMGXRSi9a8YD4M6ewAMAnfB18bD8HDZyO2l36BAesx+84btw78ZllVU+nipxFxePEYaN2whP0qgE\/MpOLbGt1LvUzkREQ3pP0OE7SvjWVLPJTlC73N2uZXz2Kj6w6scJZYc9\/u4FvSh3u9Yx2yx\/QmOanNZjtmcdJ2XR\/SBaJXTHbA6cS2yX6tmvounX\/BHbp6tgR0In5JhYzq80iSuGrrHhEHBUHxqju3UJk8bUsrtdPRy57YltvNdbkXq4kI0N5u50XjLGIBFE\/rPnWgATsG77Z0kYONMBM7Kbp+80QQfbMQYC36zJW++N7e3aVzk2NyUdVU+fKkniZyCNpsa2j3Uk24jcqzdwrlaouYt7mnDgrxyS\/LCnydmtAT3CkUX0yD6KlRo1z+AklsrDPFMsEoZ8GYyK1VooN\/iyRwqsRGd5fMZHeN5F2H97YeOBdWgZk8QyD6Bh4jcZ\/SRUPLZT1ID4cYAfjP4xSetgo8x9BXyJ2+IXag52B9SCBa\/AEkRp4NO5Re7jwDciogAr9HQYkzjaj7ENO5+2JHuSTA8gliarhpRZzGxot4zx6db3m4bARRZJmhNk0SZl8InwlGEwPR6OOQjUWQdqBRhKApJCEGRABudIGqIFYT34XYaT6mvuI8sjCh\/xuoFyp+l9T0L8vqaj3gl6ITlWmuoCrJCkVubb2DcApNjKtseqZrQLfB+1LtTm8pjh8Z9q1nJcm6u8qQmEg5dWrLc4uQXc3W+OxbaD28IPESCe+lbuxK7EFmDC9oJIkWRjrw4jiFmvCVML1Mmz3HTIGPA39KjBudMeT7TodkhiPAfi07vBz7\/89MP33wxu6lscfhFEsU+tVZCsQqoZlBzpVN+3wpZX2Uix5KGxZ9tKOBp6Nz+3ez6T6kIGJ861cuxom3yFscTQxwbk6gLdTEFbO5PW0NEcRB\/rM7+k5PRH2JEpfPfDV1\/\/9MUvX6s0SkDOjs3+59dffNvUpDRs+czxSbqlPkoV8DXR22dSvEcsrJhDquCcgIyaFVS1x0JWmMkj8joxxcc8jsoYz8YssdIZYTaWPluGnxQQQJ6YJYcXlie8B6Fh9z82ZcvwKFMsexWSfUpZFhn7TR\/Idwn802wZWqLsw1H8dPhZMYv3FVwpLz99C30KDtvdSPEME3VydmxJpCDSR7oEKNFKAEbnRvkFJzs+WQQH0M+2VZ+k18MnWSxb\/OmnFkuD9TxX50nNTMm7YSo+GMYOc1BgL+SKvcEhH57vOKwrczYMpSOos+ZYF1CgLbd0wdB69t0KHGjkB6zgR5\/T4bquSZYSl\/lHDDhVZeKgYmoDGUmwtKwhAROCjFoiHPvYXtIbSRXGsmksgL4MfvwdhdLLQ2A8kl5p\/EUF0ssTlMfTW08STw90WRkrLZqM4uWRQHtxqsQ+0YJz8vbGsvcg1y2faIXK0Hl97NtnAiRUWI99QtlRvclnsjikIINoSFdgzA5D7NdUcaJPghbhDGRdgenzQDLNVDL8pZEGv8BXcz+qR6BaoQr2WcurNAyDfRqk2mIVZhyKHXZQ6Jk6B2RTS57uiSmhsaw1xfaIfQjSRv3geXKJKxlaqjUI6t9czhs985UfUnU9y6+e8xZ3N+oGS5FH2nDybjpqmPqmwfJliatgWa2u4snVVTy07X1PIhqykH1nSdIgrRghplXLZSk8Xq42V\/TrI98+bjrrLUVLZ6JGkWax4J4eZdVwpCSqPVdwoh\/C+WIekhyf\/NgDFku0Ry5qd4YM76RL1D\/XsqRBFxV33IZpqJ\/PvRME0PCmvMNYwD9k+3VMgzyiQo0E5sHcZ2rf9cUSEBzlUsAUXoBo9mNCQwAKewAcMtlkwuroYNt7SjMdJ0h3++zxXO1EjHhJ04P21O+dAXN5iwVB4ZSasl3GbgNchquvF4UJZtnScI2F8FQLu4ThqcoupgIG90kQZU4chY+dxdeeJFJ2SZHvWUsAxUVz5UoWZl7tWG9qySLdZegqhNzdWhEILdqiKMq41OiF3Qo2cupVm\/+pthcx2DazRx49i6ekqeFQJpRP2ySU9+rpvrH4Uyt6cu9nkw7jXBZ8slpU5Tw5Cxg\/TcwuN40+vp4zpU0PThX7VNhXWZQPGNgIWM5en1Kny83QNNG244D9DNVSXqdDOJTwoQLr5WwIByp6V1oWv\/15R\/2AWK\/3CV3TJHUS6h9W1Bc1uUEGwd8IGWt9dmSH9ECKTxbO4yXdkvsABpZFReW0+SaNL96sKhzzV2v236JyhKtdz1P4ajfY0WX+aj1ej9eThaLkVZ5VJdM82SzJa5cVJHevRuPh4oT8Uh++Fs\/K+tj8lcv+W2iMGvNXIwL\/FpUD1\/zVmMC\/hWQCgGfHayLaKReO2r40s4tOKtiGV5N9VkeGxNfafs\/qfsMMGbLf0vvNsLOKAWB2NhJGxkaX+bORirGNiSxjs97G2\/nsDvZhG7ll2UirQmdNUaNsYsMhWI1jSU+oZOX0wJisgH65WKChTm8Ceo\/dsQTYaLzP0MQqmEG2AdghFUUlW1S+TksGa8qnmrea4YBi1CNyJlJDyDoDgwrLDMGBsqhCtWd7HSB9bFwZVRuXLWyj8wVbyIxFnOy3hOFSguMg\/gS\/YUcJzZmNLyRn9wB0Qe6A62CDi\/v4ZCNz1210IrCNgzawcXUnkLVzbCSGs901SqSeKoYOXwMouEJ6ZGQZUjadaOLAuXCPbS\/pz9SnY5\/MKIjYlNb1DJZ1F9A3G2k74t3mkAtzC1QrxVbkKlDhLtIyJZdCtXES\/b3aLbmlCs\/IrA8OmS37oz13t1NlCgxDxwgTrnqLAJNhd1VLG1bldg14kl1RrgxHnAEMFmqmQciJPupCnr4gpSUbTadMavJxm9D1P94Ntlm2H9zM5+zrlLggA+tfBxbJsuQ1PDe0Bu8HqAP6GyY6m2JFzCQhX7raIsuWb8p7QJVWWWZlnHSTI68hOE5y783UkLhr2afkKl7lNiEKOi8yfMD5xOWNfT7SRp9Wok0Bfs+d0J0STCJiSfjYnUcmUoIheLBDHtEnmWDKF7jpruSO23icNUmzYXmVkpRyvYYk\/tCWrX7IVzu8g50eDXEShsIkEIENBUN+kILkby1bCmskQwDP3y7SQ3JjncvKcfCPHMXgMQzjT+2TcDDW6xMujBaG4T6m2nNccn8sk2bFOA9Pss5dtGc4xPlxzzIJ1qN7iuGSv9GXA9mAre9wT5faeboNH+gUM0V2lWZ80D72Bg43UOauMOv3TTw4TUQ\/BG23dONd90m0oUl1RrD\/d3bBw+sgstJksyw3xlUSsIyNoTWe\/MmWRExtDyieNMRi+9WdU3bSeJ2hyb+HxHGuaDPvu9ALOAAwoMhi9B3eKPE3FLXhQ23EtqoN6DDTq7GqxbBiaKUWM9MpMciMRl3sZanZgFGnrttwBbai2+jzo6rAnPrUEb12U1eSfkOPdoUdZieuMq7o6qdziKQQODMbCimS6KGQ4E2OOYieVpo2ivPJYCBCdqV5L8HPionw9u1bNcZK1pL6LBF9tcoePVSKXlale6dylzU+i5qUvdgsK1tWN9EuNS3rTIoNsS+XRTNHM3t9lU9ePbQXj6IAaYU\/fOnRGm95ZdBe3BXlRSv8dSksWuOwKC3ai8WyQGnzPtyPz38eSJQddj35LFqp8iluDH\/r1jpXtvMDFp5Fdk7bJzRNpWOaXsXV1WjqF4PJ2YCK1A1KY1GxtLU2MDxv4MDVww3uA7\/InZgrcX4Gs9mUILhSTRmBknLltVNTRtNuagqKR8l5eU6xECG7mpzzvKyE7FQbXY0m5iYVY5OvkJDeQ4Ayr2QmeQC8GdIeUm9TeHSVZkf9m4UVobY5qSd4i4oXKFKsygybXWOXg0B8Proaa2eXsd00iqQohFOHAiXLLq+JZPwYUEmT0aKhn1GEF+UIXrMRvJ7obKQdxqmhenjbs65QvmpH3b6clHpU\/2N3T17kqvAteSk0Z7O83MDBW3GacU6CaEuTIDP19Ruo9NW4m7\/xWYIddefmL3mOYtejT5Wi0LXbzhumhJuev5yHcz3G6\/++VIlaAx528oAM0IXFMVi7OeJ3f00IFUJdKCUfr9QGSRb29dUYarVBdZCK4uCOdcLxepKrQ8zvuCQhiVZVmPIoTnYkXGwf91sapfMdiQ4k5PTjvbDKBb9Ckyy3n3eEkuyQUCelWRZEm3Q+uKNJNLDiyB6kqesNrDgPO63CPEnATqKTj1G2pZAzygY\/h4zg93ZxDFWFN3MSZQEJA5JSf+Hs4l+dOH2oPrNJyGO6ImG\/gLRWxiJRPo9\/FA8+CiQutVL6ZnWtr\/6N2vdgR7MkWJ1gveqS9maVhLK22qn+e\/ZE7dpzzBsAl6Uhohc1YCdNL8R5QB1sr\/l8cMH+tetZfVmlqTviywoqkPDfsuiwg98uxS9EaZXpDUVm20g1IZ7NajV3NMx5ev9Z0yEZl6KYt1f84pAwa268S4kgHu\/FxR64kXK7gkrFuhgZNZQJUykJExcSJ2XholEtx1+q0mS4qLHJLH\/ohHNXDRLX1pt7+lz6NdnhM9\/54cyaiPPtibOtEdh5sqtXUxoMFieBXCVlzKprY9aoKSO88yjyJbImu3eDb\/79hy+\/+PdB6UuRKb1avV15a69z4z99\/c3ffvi+uXk6W039WefmP\/zwH9\/\/8tPfm1pfTvxrSju3\/vPXH3754afGxtf0rU+6N\/4L4Nx+87cPjUOz9q+Xfuf2\/+uXrz\/8tbHtlb9erjGBjbt9Z0CI9gGUt8cWWIQnEBDbE+JZNcv4IdflrQKW7GGhwsZKMauzOvS5DD3HyniMz6T0I4sZCk4lKqx4yBQgj9p31yIiOQ1GNNkNi79CiG9qimXkmuEh8mmiYOtgUsqBtBLCZrd\/k3UfgryfACyoD\/jxrXO\/PXKTBESTkmUah4eMLiSM6SJNRIKHK2C4VmEAmPR0lb12mYR1h4s+GDG3zo6k2bE7oqwxdYJzUp\/HBVMylpYALndRIw\/ty+oK0wbOAEnqlJlSP\/icaW4t3CtPU6BVdDE7WeLcq5U5vK6hWk41QL9Ij0HBTLcQ6wYdSI6T98b4r58VODY1qsXehW1zjcJyFwAmmQ6\/pEAtZX0r5x6aI8tvn+p1y3Pyca+kGcG+cncPhXal9TN6qetnbfk+fvjK2pW6yuHj6qJju1mPQscjF+YIRjkQe4PEFcPyUbgaT1G6AqvxihgqkmQsW6iGiMPR18oSaFPczr4dFYPPUcR42ZGyp9c17NLrGWLTk4yMFs7KyLjzTm\/INd48HW8Ygtcni76\/qdEb96MXHZt367xWkldsaE7CaVTEKThDmVbc+syNXt2o5N9bhyxTxNP7k9BKteKg3vT8+lfr5+HUTLJMHVHtTJ7gZsDPbnkswDnlaNZ+cx\/TnaGPzFDTm0qi55w+H5imDLzcKBtwn3qVHHbL1mWRVDTiBihNzf5g5usoGA2eUj21dSVLTfkVFCz3LYtdawsUbRhVThDXwHLqNVw5GfTBVLmepuj209qKXlE3taOIYTELM3krUA4bynkbLyB+6yTxp\/RoespAWF+rQwbYeqzRWhi0vXzGqNvdhbvvBBxUMgGzxcj6nJX4sbyarB9fVNYDI03FY6e6DQ7Z9q6h7ev2ij66TxXwtC6nzcnZ06ZXK5VXCInLTRtAOuiYin8LiFZWHBpfdNAsqQiJsjZE8z7Ni4YZ3U47eJcE\/7y+VkUxu7CancWrE67Ni2lcxdwfnTw3j3A4uZW5eWrNedMmzNwZTnVPMgbqJtmJU6hd\/LgodB3hxExpuBYAvOz4nM+vFQlXr0eue7+1HHb0GkqWZBQeh\/w1hdF1hjMRKMgrRZmT6snmuaph3PYoxVdb0jiqRbW9etWxeu2wF3G04sg+NvIFydoza+yfrjba5cRNAVGU10p7apPkmeMhtitK2Tf5uN+1pjRYeBHfObxvOM1cYtp2OFukWf84C9V4pYm8gEBY7WfNXaQ9q5ALq3sv\/c9zNfpfHzMTY+m9H9wjZgskqKTvw0ABa3y51UwKb0dp4R83WPjNKW\/3CnBkTdpA9OziYsY99oH6zbPZyXlmypJCEr\/i7RxXbN1T07buu\/tjF7\/c3T0skqNizLnkgQq8bZfwSCG02I3xExnZvJfLqJ+al5OpbAgZ1w0h7oU\/ANlIBYvUkZ\/0tPeSjWSDZ\/3n3Z5bHqoVJzhWbTLeZf0vLFD9lC9Mbws3eSgmmybDa805VU6W\/YMMKqKbKXkiVVtLq6xwzi6qcHbZ\/xNW5U5bhWZ8OmQN75bOiZ0LErxeJ8PyL2+dDDGn0N0Dpiw0f36r1CPikcJIkrli3rlYOjTjhPHR2Hlh98CsBkczKzpatT4+mSG4D8KQJOmxZj8wI2FE85ainF5aVAiiTlSVF900lLy5+wbxY1ZR5fWvKtEX05qPcVTdP32SbunTZDQsKt5gbO9kQa5RMS8tsjgP5a95DM8lNP8arejkRmG6YMotvmDK63WcAEnGZjq3BHzgEaUS2MgRspHhCHXF4QPLuvqFPmQdSr\/w+HdTlUmkkFsDpSPygOIKuPCiFmGcmUml0sW1eW59MLwugav90H9ZXJp6jK+xNZrgAskMlm5gcWK93s\/ild05TAV79uvjIVQrg3ioyiBS1GK\/wdIi0C\/w0OG3\/bDobw0D9Iv2kg4GQPuydkbsVi0pf32KDajuBbuPpo9dI4iEmcsCnz9lrGVZ+O2SJVdg\/9JNC1btqm\/5NpjYTKZ33uFEDa3K9orc5OC0epQO85g9KaHrY1tvT9+5ldC1ySwOrummS7W+eIcGmIm3lXnyjSebJxVjk9eRuCa7ojHO45myK0pW\/RNn00sapf2ErLNTwSlui+CUtra+VmfTjidJtJ6sPagrhvmnPNNGNPvdeP\/AnHTK3sT+iVKlhhMAMCruliTUP22IYW6Q6ZMjS4iQh+5WGJYYGpF7OXhbDknCRW+ug03NB4EJKN5tqogXDUngE4gHK2IIWNjTU8\/ybqYF1kc5m53FRWlU4t\/+Hw==\"><style>#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-sr-12-full.nxe{display:block;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:1180px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 16px;font-family:ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,\"Segoe UI\",sans-serif;line-height:1.55;overflow-wrap:break-word}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-sr-12-full.nxe :where(*,*::before,*::after){box-sizing:inherit}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-sr-12-full.nxe :where(section,header,footer,nav,aside){display:block;margin:0 0 32px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-sr-12-full.nxe :where(h1,h2,h3,h4){line-height:1.2;margin:24px 0 12px;font-weight:600}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-sr-12-full.nxe :where(p,ul,ol,dl,table,figure,details){margin:0 0 16px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-sr-12-full.nxe :where(ul,ol){padding-left:20px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-sr-12-full.nxe a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-sr-12-full.nxe table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;display:block;overflow-x:auto}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-sr-12-full.nxe :where(th,td){padding:6px 8px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:inherit}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-sr-12-full.nxe svg{display:none}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-sr-12-full.nxe svg.nx-i{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:-3px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-sr-12-full.nxe :where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-sr-12-full.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><div class=\"nrp\"><div class=\"nrp-wrap\"><p class=\"nrj-draft\" data-nrj-shared=\"draft\" role=\"note\"><strong>Draft, not yet released.<\/strong> In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.<\/p><article class=\"nrp-flow\"><header class=\"nrp-hero\"><div class=\"nrp-hero-grid\"><div><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Baseline Edition 2026<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Complete edition<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 class=\"pp-hero-title nrp-hero-title-l\">Strategic Systems Report 2026: Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons<\/h1><p class=\"nrp-lede\"><\/p><div class=\"nrp-actions\"><button class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" type=\"button\" data-nrp-act=\"print\" hidden><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 18H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><path d=\"M6 9V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6\"\/><rect x=\"6\" y=\"14\" width=\"12\" height=\"8\" rx=\"1\"\/><\/svg>Print or save as PDF<\/button><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19 12H5\"\/><path d=\"m12 19-7-7 7-7\"\/><\/svg>Edition home<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nrp-note nrp-noprint\">Choose A4 or Letter in the print dialog; running heads and page numbers are added in print. This is a review copy: the signed PDF with its DOI is issued at release.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nrp-cover\"><div class=\"nrp-cover-top\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SR-12<\/span><\/div><span class=\"nrp-cover-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"nrp-cover-k\">Strategic Systems<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-t\">Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons 2026<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-s\"><\/p><div class=\"nrp-cover-foot\"><span>Baseline Edition 2026<\/span><span>NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><span><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> for the Nexus Consortium<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block nrp-imprint\" aria-label=\"Imprint\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Imprint<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor, the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto<\/dd><dt>Report number<\/dt><dd class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026, cut DC-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-B0<\/dd><dt>Status<\/dt><dd>Draft under stewardship review; not yet released<\/dd><dt>DOI and UNI<\/dt><dd>Issued at deposit<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>CC BY 4.0 for Nexus-authored text, tables and figures; third-party material keeps its own licence<\/dd><dt>Cite as<\/dt><dd>Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Strategic <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Report 2026: Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" aria-label=\"Contents\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Contents<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">\u00b7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-part-summary\">Executive summary<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-part-coupled-system\">Chapter 1. Shared spaces change together<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-part-findings\">Chapter 2. Key findings<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-part-systems-and-sectors\">Chapter 3. Systems and sectors at baseline<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-part-risk-and-capability\">Chapter 4. Risks and capability<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-part-scenario\">Chapter 5. High seas treaty implementation and the first protected areas<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-part-lenses-and-readings\">Chapter 6. Readings from the other desks<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-part-agenda\">Chapter 7. The 2027 agenda<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">8<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-part-systems-in-depth\">Chapter 8. Systems in depth<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-part-methodology\">Annex A. Methodology<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-part-data\">Annex B. Data appendix<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-part-references\">Annex C. References and record<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-part-summary\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/\">Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Executive summary<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Executive summary<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The edition on a few pages: the abstract, the key messages, the headline finding and what each steward reads in it.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>13 notes<\/span><span>NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.1<\/span><span>Abstract<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>The ocean, the poles, the high seas and orbit are spaces that no single state governs. The 2025 and 2026 evidence shows the same mechanisms at work across them. Arctic <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h16\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.floating-ice.sea-ice\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Floating ice\" data-td=\"Sea ice that closes shipping lanes, crushes hulls and platforms and cuts off coastal communities.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H16\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">sea ice<\/a> reached its lowest winter maximum in the 47-year satellite record in March 2025 and the tenth lowest September minimum, 4.60 million km\u00b2, that year<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>. Arctic air temperatures from October 2024 to September 2025 were the highest since records began in 1900<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>. Global mean sea level stands 115.2 mm above its 1993 level and is rising at about 4.4 mm a year<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. A report from more than 160 scientists judged in October 2025 that warm-water coral reefs are passing their thermal <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h28\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.climate-state.abrupt-regime-shift\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Climate-state shifts\" data-td=\"A threshold crossing in a large climate-system component, such as an ocean circulation or a rainforest, that changes regional climate quickly and may not reverse.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H28\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">tipping point<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>, and seven of nine planetary boundaries are assessed as breached, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h12\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.ocean-state.ocean-acidification\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Ocean-state extremes\" data-td=\"A slow drop in sea-water pH as the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide, weakening organisms that build shells and skeletons.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H12\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">ocean acidification<\/a> among them<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>. Governance is moving at different speeds. The high seas treaty entered into force on 17 January 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>, the WTO fisheries subsidies agreement entered into force on 15 September 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>, and the IMO adjourned its net-zero framework for shipping by a vote of 57 to 49<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup>. Deep seabed rules remain open at the International Seabed Authority while a national licensing review proceeds in the United States<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>. This baseline reads these events as mechanisms, not as a list. It ranks no state, takes no position on any claim and recommends no policy.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.2<\/span><span>Key messages<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Six readings that frame the ocean and polar commons baseline, and the eight questions this edition answers, each with its status and source.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-km\"><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Yes: warming drives ice loss, sea level, reef stress and acidification together.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Do commons change from common causes?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Through ice loss to sea level, and through heat and carbon to reefs and fish.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How do changes spread?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Air temperature in the 2025 report year was the highest since 1900.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Is the Arctic changing fast?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">About 4.4 mm a year, nearly double the early satellite rate.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How fast is sea level rising?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">About 62% of assessed stocks are; 73% of landings come from them.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Are fish stocks sustainable?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">About 1.45% is covered; the treaty is in force.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Is the high seas protected?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Some entered into force; others were adjourned or are unfinished.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Do rules keep pace?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Whether treaty rules start to change protection on the high seas. SCN-SR12-HSP-01<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What will 2027 test first?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.3<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-004<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Global mean sea level is 115.2 mm above its 1993 level and rising at about 4.4 mm a year, and WMO reports the long-term rate nearly doubled from 2.1 mm a year in 1993 to 2002 to 4.1 mm a year in 2016 to 2025.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure S.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-fig1-t\">Rate of global mean sea level rise, mm a year<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">2016 to 2025 average<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">4.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">1993 to 2002 average<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"51.2\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">2.1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: WMO<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. The NASA page gives 4.4 mm a year for the current rate<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>; the two use different periods.<\/p><\/figure><p class=\"nrp-p\">Sea level responds to ocean heat and ice loss over decades. A faster rate means coastal exposure grows even if emissions fall, and it ties the ice, ocean and coastal <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> into one chain<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.4<\/span><span>At a glance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">115.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">mm<\/span><p>sea level rise since 1993<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4.60<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million km\u00b2<\/span><p>Arctic minimum, Sep 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">129<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">billion tons<\/span><p>Greenland loss, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">62.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>stocks sustainable<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1.45<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>high seas protected<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">123<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">members<\/span><p>accepted fisheries subsidies rules<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.5<\/span><span>What each steward reads in it<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports reading the commons as linked spaces.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people the ocean arrives as a coast, a plate of fish or a news image of melting ice.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Sea level, reef and fish evidence show where finance-readiness evidence will matter.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>The commons are well described by physical series and thinly measured by use.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.6<\/span><span>What this edition is, and is not<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What this edition is<\/h3><p>A baseline: the 2026 state of the world\u2019s oceans, polar regions and global commons and the couplings through which it carries risk into other <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. It synthesises published evidence and ranks no country, company or asset.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What it is not<\/h3><p>Not a sovereignty position, a boundary view, a legal opinion, a comparison of states or a recommendation on any treaty, licence or mining decision. Governance of shared spaces rests with states and the bodies they have created.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What comes next<\/h3><p>National, regional and sector evidence feeds the 2027 ocean and polar commons edition through the federation. Each edition reports what changed against this baseline: observations, source revisions, method changes, scenario updates and corrections.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>NSIDC (ed.), Arctic <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h16\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.floating-ice.sea-ice\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Floating ice\" data-td=\"Sea ice that closes shipping lanes, crushes hulls and platforms and cuts off coastal communities.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H16\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">sea ice<\/a> has likely reached its minimum extent for 2025 (Sea Ice Today analysis, relayed by CIRES; minimum 4.60 million km\u00b2 on 10 September 2025; tenth lowest in the 47-year record). National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), Arctic Report Card 2025 (summary page; air temperature, sea ice, precipitation and Greenland ice sheet findings). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), Global Mean Sea Level (key indicator page; 115.2 mm rise since 1993; current rate 4.4 mm a year). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Pasadena. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>National Oceanography Centre (ed.), Global Tipping Points Report 2025 reveals first <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 earth-system\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The integrated set of physical, chemical, biological and human processes that regulate the state of the planet, studied as one coupled system.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earth system<\/a> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h28\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.climate-state.abrupt-regime-shift\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Climate-state shifts\" data-td=\"A threshold crossing in a large climate-system component, such as an ocean circulation or a rainforest, that changes regional climate quickly and may not reverse.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H28\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">tipping point<\/a> reached (summary page; warm-water reefs passing their thermal tipping point, central estimate 1.2 \u00b0C, range 1 to 1.5 \u00b0C, warming about 1.4 \u00b0C; more than 160 scientists at 87 institutions). NOC, Southampton. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Stockholm Resilience Centre (ed.), Seven of nine planetary boundaries now breached (Planetary Health Check 2025 news page of 24 September 2025; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h12\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.ocean-state.ocean-acidification\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Ocean-state extremes\" data-td=\"A slow drop in sea-water pH as the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide, weakening organisms that build shells and skeletons.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H12\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">ocean acidification<\/a> breached for the first time; surface pH down about 0.1 units). Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>United Nations (ed.), Agreement under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (status page, UN Treaty Collection; entry into force 17 January 2026; 145 signatories and 105 parties as shown on the page when read). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>WTO (ed.), Acceptances of the Protocol Amending the Marrakesh Agreement, Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (acceptance list; entry into force 15 September 2025; 123 acceptances; latest date shown 20 July 2026). World Trade Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>Herbert (ed.), MEPC ES2 Meeting Brief (law-firm briefing page dated 2026-01-20; adjournment of the Net-Zero Framework session by a vote of 57 in favour, 49 against and 21 abstentions after a one-year adjournment motion; opened as a pre-close source for [13]). Herbert, law-firm briefing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), NOAA advances review of first-ever deep seabed mining commercial recovery application (news release of 19 August 2026; application submitted 6 February 2026; found in full compliance with the information requirements of the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act; opened as a pre-close source for [14]). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>International Seabed Authority (ed.), 31st Session 2026 (session page; Council part I 9 to 19 March 2026 and part II 13 to 24 July 2026; decision titles on exploitation rules and contract extensions; decision texts not read). ISA, Kingston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), 2025 set to be second or third warmest year on record (update for COP30; sea level rate from 2.1 mm a year in 1993 to 2002 to 4.1 mm a year in 2016 to 2025; over 90% of excess energy in the ocean). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Marine Stewardship Council (ed.), Five takeaways from the FAO SOFIA report 2026 (summary page of 19 June 2026; 62.4% of stocks sustainable against 64.5% two years earlier; 72.6% of landings from sustainable stocks; 235 million tonnes produced in 2024; trade USD 184 billion). MSC, London. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>UNEP-WCMC and IUCN (eds.), Protected Planet, marine protected areas page (areas beyond national jurisdiction 61% of the ocean; 1.45% covered by protected areas and other effective area-based measures). UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cs-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-part-coupled-system\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/\">Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 1<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Shared spaces change together<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Part I describes systems and their couplings. It ranks no country or operator and assesses no authority.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>2 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>15 notes<\/span><span>NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.1<\/span><span>The questions this part answers<\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Key questions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Where is ocean and polar commons risk concentrated?<\/li><li>Which couplings carry ocean and polar commons shocks into other <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>?<\/li><li>Which ocean and polar commons capabilities hold under compound stress?<\/li><li>What must 2027 evidence measure first?<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">In this part<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Narrative<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Headline finding<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Lead figure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Five mechanism chapters<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Twelve-domain reading<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Sector screens<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Dependency matrix<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Risk objects<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Capability ladder<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Scenario<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Three lenses<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Portfolio<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.2<\/span><span>The argument<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>The ocean, the poles, the high seas and orbit are usually reported one by one: <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h16\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.floating-ice.sea-ice\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Floating ice\" data-td=\"Sea ice that closes shipping lanes, crushes hulls and platforms and cuts off coastal communities.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H16\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">sea ice<\/a> by glaciologists, fish by fisheries bodies, seabed by a licensing authority, orbit by space agencies. The 2025 and 2026 evidence reads them as spaces that share causes and that share the gaps in how they are governed<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The physical signals line up. Arctic air temperature in the 2025 report year was the highest since 1900<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>. Sea level is 115.2 mm above its 1993 level<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. Reefs are passing a thermal threshold<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup> and surface ocean acidity has risen by 30 to 40% since the industrial era<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>Governance moves unevenly. The high seas treaty is in force<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>, the fisheries subsidies agreement is in force<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>, the shipping net-zero framework was adjourned<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup> and seabed exploitation rules are unfinished<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>. Only 1.45% of the high seas is covered by protected areas<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The edition therefore asks the same four questions of every event: what was the common cause, how did it spread, what was shared, and what threshold was crossed. It takes no position on any claim and ranks no state.<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-fig1-t\">How large are the polar sea ice extents at their seasonal limits? million km\u00b2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Polar sea ice swings between large winter extents and small summer extents. The four bars are separate seasonal limits from different years and are not a series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Antarctic maximum, September 2025<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">17.81<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Arctic maximum, March 2026<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"80.2\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">14.29<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Arctic minimum, September 2025<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"25.8\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">4.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Antarctic minimum, March 2025<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"11.1\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">1.98<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: as cited in the note to this figure. Year 2025.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Figure ID FIG-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-01-003<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">17.81<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million km\u00b2<\/span><p>Antarctic maximum, 2025, third lowest<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">14.29<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million km\u00b2<\/span><p>Arctic maximum, 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4.60<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million km\u00b2<\/span><p>Arctic minimum, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1.98<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million km\u00b2<\/span><p>Antarctic minimum, March 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.3<\/span><span>Twenty couplings between five systems<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The ocean and polar commons-centred matrix types the twenty couplings between the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, read for their ocean and polar commons content. Strengths are Nexus estimates (ESTIMATED) from the cited evidence and analogue events; they set the graph that 2027 evidence will test.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-fig2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-fig2-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-fig2-t\">Couplings between the five systems<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Each line is one coupling from one system to another, drawn by the strength the edition assigns. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events.<\/p><\/figcaption><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-ring\" viewBox=\"0 0 340 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Coupling ring: 20 typed couplings between water, energy, food, health and biodiversity. The matrix in the next table carries every value.\" data-nx-z=\"rZbbjpswEEB\/ZcQz64C5BCqItFXTi3pZbbvSPnvBBGtZnNqmab6s7\/2yyjjZQJJmw5KXKIJR5mR8PDPJkqgSsopImVq1WF7RfEEtyIkiV6vUup9ff7YgT62v7tRBju1FyIFb7E+Rb4ceCgDHAQpsF8cIWyCV4I\/0asVyVaaW+\/wgJ7IkQpB1anngW7NEMVXR2T1RVIDiMK+pWKzfwGp+\/RlBxnnF6gWs9OtkYmKTiQadJadxv968m3+\/vpsfR3Zs1w+QA\/p7aONpiKIDZoSDQ773nOdv4Gnz4wjIz4ZkTaUaQeHvH2BCsAVRjNeXonXDGPm2\/owgxsgfAvuRkkqVXdyME6lIBbJZLqv1xRixiyLbdTw0Bd\/\/rwRHGd8ynrNfVEim1l1SKlVDxBqKiq\/kMNCdqR0l4Ra7EcIbyh39YFWNoRq9\/Q9bVXMqScXq0WffR44DhG3sOmh6tqo7vn1XCyZLfZuKilIlta4Zr3LISsLqC1W4RfQCFJxy9fwKbwU2JV5yoQaq8OPu+823D0dQjQDt5TqhLEbH6tpXVrYpENAnJiXjdVtYkrGcFSxrddAPVkQ8sXrx6jLvDt+wh5uWMEJkrceBxnWjBKO1AtHUvCguwov9SNc6DpA3akhsgfszomhoBY2koy7dfnkd23NcFJ7bcbdkhw1XUlLol21dh\/eGnr89SNyStVftPH+3jMft3faGpaBSNoK+9uB3BYPb2HuesyM0NTU9EJUWRdXQWl0CVNP5tv4ct8XsUPuKrrh4LLjI6KVgHRsH+IX15XxYMycMakUeeCMuwen7KNqMrhM7wfmUfW8NraCS5Q2VY+7+Dg5uY4xCs8yeELZ78btQHUUPF66HpiioePUi04U0aFGsz3+ErPvofWV5UciSCwqSqcFzq9u1euRhrAeXuWf\/V7fbtfYpjavbriUoLYDUOUjFs0coyQNTRF2iyDF+HlkjNpl9+v4+s3VjKbii2bHhsOhi1zyn1izJmMgqCtnv1GpNsCDTWVtTRWrh0JrMEkV\/K9hFrFPLx\/qLfn5F6qzkIrWeWJ5X1JrdX98lE\/1mlkwWLyZtnTNJN+IdZN2E6AjP0xFH086\/zYek1b6YtJuzOExrQnRE5OiIo2nf39wMSKsP\/3RWE\/FC0o9fhpRYi3i6wibihQK\/\/dT9p\/8A\"><\/svg><ul class=\"nrp-legend\"><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"STRONG\"><\/span>Strong<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"MODERATE\"><\/span>Moderate<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"WEAK\"><\/span>Weak<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: this edition&#8217;s coupling matrix (Table 1.1); status Estimated.<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling matrix: from the row system to the column system<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">From, to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">WAT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">ENE<\/th><th scope=\"col\">FOO<\/th><th scope=\"col\">HLT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">BIO<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><b>WAT<\/b> Water<\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">cooling water<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">aquaculture \u00b7 irrigation<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">coastal supply<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">estuary flows<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>ENE<\/b> Energy<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">desalination<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fishing fleets \u00b7 cold chain<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">ports<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">emissions \u00b7 acidification \u00b7 warming<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>FOO<\/b> Food<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">nutrient runoff<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fuel use<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">seafood nutrition<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fishing pressure<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>HLT<\/b> Health<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">effluent<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">labour<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">residues<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>BIO<\/b> Biodiversity<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">coastal buffers<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">offshore siting<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">reef and stock habitat<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">coastal protection<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"6\">Strength: strong, moderate or weak; a Nexus estimate (status Estimated) from cited evidence and analogue events. The scale is defined in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Transmission paths<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 BIO \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Warming and acidification stress reefs and the habitats that support fish.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> reef and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 planetary-boundary\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A precautionary limit on a human pressure on a key Earth-system process, such as climate, biosphere integrity, nutrient flows, freshwater, land, novel entities, aerosols or ocean chemistry, beyond which the risk of\u2026\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">planetary boundary<\/a> reports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Ice loss and ocean warming raise sea level and coastal exposure.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> sea level record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">TRD \u2192 BIO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Subsidy and shipping rules shape fishing pressure and emissions at sea.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> WTO and IMO decisions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">MIN \u2192 BIO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Seabed recovery would disturb deep-sea habitat in licence areas.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> ISA and NOAA records<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">INF \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Launch growth and debris raise collision risk in shared orbits.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> ESA 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.4<\/span><span>Reinforcing loops<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A shock entering either system of a loop can return amplified through the other.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Pairs of systems where both directions are rated strong<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Loop<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First direction<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Second direction<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Food to biodiversity: fishing pressure<\/td><td>Biodiversity to food: reef and stock habitat<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"3\">A causal-loop reading of the matrix (Sterman, Business Dynamics, 2000): structural, from estimated strengths, not a measured feedback.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), Arctic Report Card 2025 (summary page; air temperature, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h16\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.floating-ice.sea-ice\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Floating ice\" data-td=\"Sea ice that closes shipping lanes, crushes hulls and platforms and cuts off coastal communities.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H16\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">sea ice<\/a>, precipitation and Greenland ice sheet findings). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), Global Mean Sea Level (key indicator page; 115.2 mm rise since 1993; current rate 4.4 mm a year). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Pasadena. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>United Nations (ed.), Agreement under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (status page, UN Treaty Collection; entry into force 17 January 2026; 145 signatories and 105 parties as shown on the page when read). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>National Oceanography Centre (ed.), Global Tipping Points Report 2025 reveals first <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 earth-system\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The integrated set of physical, chemical, biological and human processes that regulate the state of the planet, studied as one coupled system.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earth system<\/a> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h28\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.climate-state.abrupt-regime-shift\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Climate-state shifts\" data-td=\"A threshold crossing in a large climate-system component, such as an ocean circulation or a rainforest, that changes regional climate quickly and may not reverse.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H28\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">tipping point<\/a> reached (summary page; warm-water reefs passing their thermal tipping point, central estimate 1.2 \u00b0C, range 1 to 1.5 \u00b0C, warming about 1.4 \u00b0C; more than 160 scientists at 87 institutions). NOC, Southampton. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Stockholm Resilience Centre (ed.), Seven of nine planetary boundaries now breached (Planetary Health Check 2025 news page of 24 September 2025; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h12\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.ocean-state.ocean-acidification\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Ocean-state extremes\" data-td=\"A slow drop in sea-water pH as the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide, weakening organisms that build shells and skeletons.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H12\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">ocean acidification<\/a> breached for the first time; surface pH down about 0.1 units). Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>WTO (ed.), Acceptances of the Protocol Amending the Marrakesh Agreement, Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (acceptance list; entry into force 15 September 2025; 123 acceptances; latest date shown 20 July 2026). World Trade Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>Herbert (ed.), MEPC ES2 Meeting Brief (law-firm briefing page dated 2026-01-20; adjournment of the Net-Zero Framework session by a vote of 57 in favour, 49 against and 21 abstentions after a one-year adjournment motion; opened as a pre-close source for [13]). Herbert, law-firm briefing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>International Seabed Authority (ed.), 31st Session 2026 (session page; Council part I 9 to 19 March 2026 and part II 13 to 24 July 2026; decision titles on exploitation rules and contract extensions; decision texts not read). ISA, Kingston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>UNEP-WCMC and IUCN (eds.), Protected Planet, marine protected areas page (areas beyond national jurisdiction 61% of the ocean; 1.45% covered by protected areas and other effective area-based measures). UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>NSIDC (ed.), Arctic sea ice has likely reached its minimum extent for 2025 (Sea Ice Today analysis, relayed by CIRES; minimum 4.60 million km\u00b2 on 10 September 2025; tenth lowest in the 47-year record). National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>US National Ice Center (ed.), Arctic Sea Ice at Minimum and Maximum Extents, 2025 to 2026 (press release; USNIC 3-day minimum 4.86 million km\u00b2 in September 2025; 2026 maximum 14.53 million km\u00b2 on 6 to 8 March by USNIC and 14.29 million km\u00b2 on 15 March by NSIDC). US National Ice Center, Suitland. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>NSIDC (ed.), Sea Ice Today analyses (Antarctic maximum 17.81 million km\u00b2 on 17 September 2025, third lowest; Antarctic minimum 1.98 million km\u00b2 on 1 March 2025, tied second lowest). National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), 2025 set to be second or third warmest year on record (update for COP30; sea level rate from 2.1 mm a year in 1993 to 2002 to 4.1 mm a year in 2016 to 2025; over 90% of excess energy in the ocean). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), NOAA advances review of first-ever deep seabed mining commercial recovery application (news release of 19 August 2026; application submitted 6 February 2026; found in full compliance with the information requirements of the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act; opened as a pre-close source for [14]). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>European Space Agency (ed.), ESA Space Environment Report 2026 (report page of 14 September 2026; data to end 2025; health index from about 4 to about 50; more than 300 launches and over 4,000 payloads in 2025). ESA, Darmstadt. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c1-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-part-findings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/\">Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 2<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Key findings<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Twelve findings carry the ocean and polar commons baseline. They are grouped by coupling and never ranked. Each resolves to its source or, where Nexus analysis is involved, to its stated method.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>17 notes<\/span><span>NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.1<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-004\">NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Global mean sea level is 115.2 mm above its 1993 level and rising at about 4.4 mm a year, and WMO reports the long-term rate nearly doubled from 2.1 mm a year in 1993 to 2002 to 4.1 mm a year in 2016 to 2025.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 2.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-fig1-t\">Rate of global mean sea level rise, mm a year<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">2016 to 2025 average<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">4.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">1993 to 2002 average<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"51.2\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">2.1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: WMO<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. The NASA page gives 4.4 mm a year for the current rate<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>; the two use different periods.<\/p><\/figure><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Implication<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">Sea level responds to ocean heat and ice loss over decades. A faster rate means coastal exposure grows even if emissions fall, and it ties the ice, ocean and coastal <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> into one chain<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What would move it<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">The next WMO report, the NASA record and the Greenland and Antarctic mass series would each move this finding.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.2<\/span><span>Climate forcing<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\">NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Arctic <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h16\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.floating-ice.sea-ice\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Floating ice\" data-td=\"Sea ice that closes shipping lanes, crushes hulls and platforms and cuts off coastal communities.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H16\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">sea ice<\/a> reached the lowest annual winter maximum in the 47-year satellite record in March 2025, and the September 2025 minimum of 4.60 million km\u00b2 on 10 September was the tenth lowest.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002\">NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Arctic surface air temperatures from October 2024 to September 2025 were the warmest recorded since 1900, the last ten years are the ten warmest, and warming since 2006 has been more than twice the global rate.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003\">NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The Greenland ice sheet lost an estimated 129 billion tons of ice in 2025, below the 2003 to 2024 annual average of 219 billion tons, and continued its long-term net loss.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-004\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-004\">NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Global mean sea level is 115.2 mm above its 1993 level and rising at about 4.4 mm a year, and WMO reports the long-term rate nearly doubled from 2.1 mm a year in 1993 to 2002 to 4.1 mm a year in 2016 to 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-006\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-006\">NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-006<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Seven of nine planetary boundaries are assessed as breached in 2025, and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h12\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.ocean-state.ocean-acidification\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Ocean-state extremes\" data-td=\"A slow drop in sea-water pH as the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide, weakening organisms that build shells and skeletons.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H12\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">ocean acidification<\/a> was judged breached for the first time, with surface ocean pH down about 0.1 units since the industrial era.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.3<\/span><span>Biodiversity<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-BIO-005\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-BIO-005\">NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-BIO-005<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">NOAA confirmed a fourth global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.coral-bleaching\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Corals expelling their algal partners under heat stress, turning white and often dying, with loss of reef fisheries and shore protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">coral bleaching<\/a> event in April 2024, and the 2025 Global Tipping Points Report judges that warm-water reefs are passing their thermal <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h28\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.climate-state.abrupt-regime-shift\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Climate-state shifts\" data-td=\"A threshold crossing in a large climate-system component, such as an ocean circulation or a rainforest, that changes regional climate quickly and may not reverse.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H28\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">tipping point<\/a>, with a central estimate of 1.2 \u00b0C and a range of 1 to 1.5 \u00b0C.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.4<\/span><span>Food<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FOO-007\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FOO-007\">NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FOO-007<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">FAO reports that 62.4% of assessed fish stocks were biologically sustainable in its 2026 edition, down from 64.5% two years earlier, and that 72.6% of landings came from sustainable stocks.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.5<\/span><span>POL<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-POL-008\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-POL-008\">NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-POL-008<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The high seas treaty entered into force on 17 January 2026 with 105 parties at the time of reading, and the high seas are 61% of the ocean with 1.45% covered by protected areas.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.6<\/span><span>Trade<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-TRD-009\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-TRD-009\">NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-TRD-009<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies entered into force on 15 September 2025 and 123 members had accepted it by the last date shown on the WTO page.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-TRD-010\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-TRD-010\">NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-TRD-010<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The IMO Marine Environment Protection Committee voted 57 to 49, with 21 abstentions, in October 2025 to adjourn for one year its session on the net-zero framework for shipping.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.7<\/span><span>Minerals<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-MIN-011\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-MIN-011\">NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-MIN-011<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Deep seabed exploitation rules were still under negotiation at the International Seabed Authority in 2026, and in August 2026 NOAA reported that one United States application for commercial recovery in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone was in full compliance with the information requirements of its statute.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.8<\/span><span>Infrastructure<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-012\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-012\">NRF-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-012<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">ESA reports that its space environment health index rose from about 4 to about 50 in one year, and that more than 4,000 new payloads reached orbit in 2025 on more than 300 launches.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), 2025 set to be second or third warmest year on record (update for COP30; sea level rate from 2.1 mm a year in 1993 to 2002 to 4.1 mm a year in 2016 to 2025; over 90% of excess energy in the ocean). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), Global Mean Sea Level (key indicator page; 115.2 mm rise since 1993; current rate 4.4 mm a year). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Pasadena. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>NSIDC (ed.), Arctic <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h16\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.floating-ice.sea-ice\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Floating ice\" data-td=\"Sea ice that closes shipping lanes, crushes hulls and platforms and cuts off coastal communities.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H16\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">sea ice<\/a> has likely reached its minimum extent for 2025 (Sea Ice Today analysis, relayed by CIRES; minimum 4.60 million km\u00b2 on 10 September 2025; tenth lowest in the 47-year record). National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), Arctic Report Card 2025 (summary page; air temperature, sea ice, precipitation and Greenland ice sheet findings). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), Arctic Report Card Marks 20 Years Amid Record Warming in 2025 (news page repeating the report card findings, including sea ice older than four years down more than 95% since the 1980s). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Stockholm Resilience Centre (ed.), Seven of nine planetary boundaries now breached (Planetary Health Check 2025 news page of 24 September 2025; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h12\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.ocean-state.ocean-acidification\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Ocean-state extremes\" data-td=\"A slow drop in sea-water pH as the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide, weakening organisms that build shells and skeletons.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H12\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">ocean acidification<\/a> breached for the first time; surface pH down about 0.1 units). Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), NOAA confirms 4th global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.coral-bleaching\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Corals expelling their algal partners under heat stress, turning white and often dying, with loss of reef fisheries and shore protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">coral bleaching<\/a> event (news release of 15 April 2024; bleaching documented from February 2023 to April 2024). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>National Oceanography Centre (ed.), Global Tipping Points Report 2025 reveals first <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 earth-system\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The integrated set of physical, chemical, biological and human processes that regulate the state of the planet, studied as one coupled system.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earth system<\/a> tipping point reached (summary page; warm-water reefs passing their thermal tipping point, central estimate 1.2 \u00b0C, range 1 to 1.5 \u00b0C, warming about 1.4 \u00b0C; more than 160 scientists at 87 institutions). NOC, Southampton. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Marine Stewardship Council (ed.), Five takeaways from the FAO SOFIA report 2026 (summary page of 19 June 2026; 62.4% of stocks sustainable against 64.5% two years earlier; 72.6% of landings from sustainable stocks; 235 million tonnes produced in 2024; trade USD 184 billion). MSC, London. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: FAO (ed.), The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2026, doi 10.4060\/cd8357en (release 16 June 2026), figures taken from the summary page in [21]; the FAO pages read returned no figures. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4060\/cd8357en\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.4060\/cd8357en<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>United Nations (ed.), Agreement under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (status page, UN Treaty Collection; entry into force 17 January 2026; 145 signatories and 105 parties as shown on the page when read). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>UNEP-WCMC and IUCN (eds.), Protected Planet, marine protected areas page (areas beyond national jurisdiction 61% of the ocean; 1.45% covered by protected areas and other effective area-based measures). UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>WTO (ed.), Acceptances of the Protocol Amending the Marrakesh Agreement, Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (acceptance list; entry into force 15 September 2025; 123 acceptances; latest date shown 20 July 2026). World Trade Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>Herbert (ed.), MEPC ES2 Meeting Brief (law-firm briefing page dated 2026-01-20; adjournment of the Net-Zero Framework session by a vote of 57 in favour, 49 against and 21 abstentions after a one-year adjournment motion; opened as a pre-close source for [13]). Herbert, law-firm briefing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), NOAA advances review of first-ever deep seabed mining commercial recovery application (news release of 19 August 2026; application submitted 6 February 2026; found in full compliance with the information requirements of the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act; opened as a pre-close source for [14]). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>International Seabed Authority (ed.), 31st Session 2026 (session page; Council part I 9 to 19 March 2026 and part II 13 to 24 July 2026; decision titles on exploitation rules and contract extensions; decision texts not read). ISA, Kingston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>European Space Agency (ed.), ESA Space Environment Report 2026 (report page of 14 September 2026; data to end 2025; health index from about 4 to about 50; more than 300 launches and over 4,000 payloads in 2025). ESA, Darmstadt. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c2-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-part-systems-and-sectors\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/\">Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 3<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems and sectors at baseline<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>12 notes<\/span><span>NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.1<\/span><span>Where each system stood at evidence close<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">CLI \u00b7 Sea ice<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Arctic sea ice minimum, September 2025<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">4.60<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million km\u00b2<\/span><p>tenth lowest in the 47-year record.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>NSIDC<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">CLI \u00b7 Sea level<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Rate of global mean sea level rise<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">4.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">mm a year<\/span><p>115.2 mm above 1993.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>NASA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">BIO \u00b7 Reefs<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Warm-water reef thermal tipping point, central estimate<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">1.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">\u00b0C<\/span><p>range 1 to 1.5; warming about 1.4.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>Tipping Points Report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FOO \u00b7 Fish<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Assessed stocks that are sustainable<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">62.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>down from 64.5% two years earlier.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>FAO via MSC<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">BIO \u00b7 Protection<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">High seas under protected areas<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">1.45<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>the high seas are 61% of the ocean.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2026<\/span><span>Protected Planet<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SYS \u00b7 Governance<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Parties to the high seas treaty<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">105<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">parties<\/span><p>in force from 17 January 2026.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2026<\/span><span>UN Treaty Collection<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.2<\/span><span>Domain posture<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each of the twelve coupled domains is read through ocean and polar commons, in words, not scored. The coupling column names the dependency that carries ocean and polar commons risk into each domain.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Each domain read in words, not scored<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Domain<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Posture at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT<\/span><\/td><td>Sea level and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.storm-surge\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Sea level pushed above the tide by storm wind and low pressure, flooding the coast.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">storm surge<\/a> reach coastal water supplies; no consolidated series here.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CLI \u2192 WAT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE<\/span><\/td><td>Shipping fuel rules, offshore energy and seabed minerals draw on the ocean; rules were adjourned or open in 2026.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN \u2192 ENE<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO<\/span><\/td><td>62.4% of assessed stocks are sustainable; 72.6% of landings come from them.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO \u2192 FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT<\/span><\/td><td>Coastal flooding and seafood supply touch health; evidence not consolidated here.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CLI, FOO \u2192 HLT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Warm-water reefs are passing a thermal <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h28\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.climate-state.abrupt-regime-shift\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Climate-state shifts\" data-td=\"A threshold crossing in a large climate-system component, such as an ocean circulation or a rainforest, that changes regional climate quickly and may not reverse.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H28\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">tipping point<\/a>; 1.45% of the high seas is protected.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CLI \u2192 BIO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CLI<\/span><\/td><td>The core driver: Arctic air at its highest since 1900; sea level up 115.2 mm since 1993.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">the core system<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF<\/span><\/td><td>Ports, cables and orbit are shared infrastructure; the ESA health index rose from about 4 to about 50.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2194 commons<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN<\/span><\/td><td>Subsidy rules for fishing are in force; finance of ocean protection is not consolidated here.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD \u2192 FIN<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT<\/span><\/td><td>Ocean and ice observation rests on public satellite series; data on activity at sea are thin.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT \u2192 commons<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC<\/span><\/td><td>Models and machine analysis of ocean data are not consolidated here.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC \u2192 DAT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN<\/span><\/td><td>Deep seabed nodule recovery is under review in one national process while international rules are unfinished.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN \u2192 BIO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD<\/span><\/td><td>Shipping and fisheries rules form the trade side of the commons: one entered into force, one was adjourned.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD \u2194 commons<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.3<\/span><span>Sector screens<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">All sixteen sectors are screened for their dependence on ocean and polar commons, on the same grammar as every national edition. The evidence column describes coverage of the baseline evidence, not the performance of the sector.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Sectors: baseline evidence and the exposure to watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Code<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Sector<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Exposure to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-00<\/span><\/td><td>Cross-system<\/td><td>ice, sea level, reefs and fish move together<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>warming and acidification<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-01<\/span><\/td><td>Water<\/td><td>sea level reaches coastal water supplies<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>salt intrusion<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-02<\/span><\/td><td>Energy<\/td><td>shipping fuel rules and seabed minerals<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>rules adjourned or open<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-03<\/span><\/td><td>Food and agrifood<\/td><td>62.4% of assessed stocks sustainable<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>overfishing and warming<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-04<\/span><\/td><td>Health<\/td><td>seafood supply and coastal flooding<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.storm-surge\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Sea level pushed above the tide by storm wind and low pressure, flooding the coast.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">storm surge<\/a><\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-05<\/span><\/td><td>Finance and economy<\/td><td>subsidy rules in force<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>harmful subsidies<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-06<\/span><\/td><td>Development<\/td><td>small island and coastal states carry exposure<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>limited adaptation finance<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-07<\/span><\/td><td>Climate<\/td><td>Arctic air at its highest since 1900<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ice loss feedbacks<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-08<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster<\/td><td>sea level rise raises <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.coastal-flood\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Seawater overtopping or breaching the shoreline and flooding land, from surge, waves, high tides or a raised sea level.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">coastal flood<\/a> exposure<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>storm surge on higher seas<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-09<\/span><\/td><td>Infrastructure<\/td><td>ports, cables and orbit are shared<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>crowding and debris<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-10<\/span><\/td><td>Cities<\/td><td>coastal cities face rising seas<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>flooding<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-11<\/span><\/td><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>reefs passing a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h28\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.climate-state.abrupt-regime-shift\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Climate-state shifts\" data-td=\"A threshold crossing in a large climate-system component, such as an ocean circulation or a rainforest, that changes regional climate quickly and may not reverse.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H28\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">tipping point<\/a>; 1.45% of the high seas protected<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>reef loss<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-12<\/span><\/td><td>Earth observation<\/td><td>satellite series underpin ice and sea level<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>continuity of missions<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-13<\/span><\/td><td>Cyber and digital<\/td><td>ocean data and cables depend on digital <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/td><td>data gaps<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-14<\/span><\/td><td>Policy<\/td><td>high seas treaty in force; shipping framework adjourned<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>implementation gaps<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-15<\/span><\/td><td>Science<\/td><td>tipping point science is active<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>thresholds not pinned<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>NSIDC (ed.), Arctic <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h16\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.floating-ice.sea-ice\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Floating ice\" data-td=\"Sea ice that closes shipping lanes, crushes hulls and platforms and cuts off coastal communities.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H16\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">sea ice<\/a> has likely reached its minimum extent for 2025 (Sea Ice Today analysis, relayed by CIRES; minimum 4.60 million km\u00b2 on 10 September 2025; tenth lowest in the 47-year record). National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), Global Mean Sea Level (key indicator page; 115.2 mm rise since 1993; current rate 4.4 mm a year). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Pasadena. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>National Oceanography Centre (ed.), Global Tipping Points Report 2025 reveals first <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 earth-system\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The integrated set of physical, chemical, biological and human processes that regulate the state of the planet, studied as one coupled system.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earth system<\/a> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h28\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.climate-state.abrupt-regime-shift\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Climate-state shifts\" data-td=\"A threshold crossing in a large climate-system component, such as an ocean circulation or a rainforest, that changes regional climate quickly and may not reverse.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H28\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">tipping point<\/a> reached (summary page; warm-water reefs passing their thermal tipping point, central estimate 1.2 \u00b0C, range 1 to 1.5 \u00b0C, warming about 1.4 \u00b0C; more than 160 scientists at 87 institutions). NOC, Southampton. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Marine Stewardship Council (ed.), Five takeaways from the FAO SOFIA report 2026 (summary page of 19 June 2026; 62.4% of stocks sustainable against 64.5% two years earlier; 72.6% of landings from sustainable stocks; 235 million tonnes produced in 2024; trade USD 184 billion). MSC, London. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>UNEP-WCMC and IUCN (eds.), Protected Planet, marine protected areas page (areas beyond national jurisdiction 61% of the ocean; 1.45% covered by protected areas and other effective area-based measures). UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>United Nations (ed.), Agreement under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (status page, UN Treaty Collection; entry into force 17 January 2026; 145 signatories and 105 parties as shown on the page when read). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), Arctic Report Card 2025 (summary page; air temperature, sea ice, precipitation and Greenland ice sheet findings). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>Herbert (ed.), MEPC ES2 Meeting Brief (law-firm briefing page dated 2026-01-20; adjournment of the Net-Zero Framework session by a vote of 57 in favour, 49 against and 21 abstentions after a one-year adjournment motion; opened as a pre-close source for [13]). Herbert, law-firm briefing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), NOAA advances review of first-ever deep seabed mining commercial recovery application (news release of 19 August 2026; application submitted 6 February 2026; found in full compliance with the information requirements of the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act; opened as a pre-close source for [14]). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>WTO (ed.), Acceptances of the Protocol Amending the Marrakesh Agreement, Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (acceptance list; entry into force 15 September 2025; 123 acceptances; latest date shown 20 July 2026). World Trade Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>European Space Agency (ed.), ESA Space Environment Report 2026 (report page of 14 September 2026; data to end 2025; health index from about 4 to about 50; more than 300 launches and over 4,000 payloads in 2025). ESA, Darmstadt. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Armstrong McKay, D.I. et al., Exceeding 1.5 \u00b0C <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 global-warming\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The rise in global average surface temperature relative to a pre-industrial baseline, the headline indicator of human-driven climate change.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">global warming<\/a> could trigger multiple climate tipping points, Science 377, eabn7950, 2022, cited from memory. AAAS. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c3-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-part-risk-and-capability\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/\">Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 4<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Risks and capability<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Four global risk objects open the portfolio. Order carries no rank. Each is read across driver, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, cascade and consequence; loss metrics are added only where they can be modelled.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>15 notes<\/span><span>NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.1<\/span><span>Risk objects<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each risk is read across the chain from hazard to consequence, with its status and evidence-quality level.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-SR12-CLI-001<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Reef collapse with fish and coastal protection loss<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>repeated bleaching events as warming passes a thermal threshold<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>reef-dependent coasts, fisheries and tourism<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>little time to recover between events; acidification<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>reef protection; emissions cuts; local management<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 BIO \u2192 FOO<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1 to 10 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-SR12-CLI-002<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Faster sea level rise and coastal exposure<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>rate nearly doubled between 1993 and 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>coastal cities, deltas and small islands<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>low-lying land; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.storm-surge\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Sea level pushed above the tide by storm wind and low pressure, flooding the coast.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">storm surge<\/a> on a higher base<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>coastal planning; defence; relocation<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 INF \u2192 FIN<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1 to 10 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-SR12-POL-003<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Treaty and rules gap on the high seas<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>a treaty in force with 1.45% of the high seas protected<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>high seas biodiversity and fisheries<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>implementation lags entry into force<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>conference of the parties; scientific bodies; national laws<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>POL \u2192 BIO \u2192 FOO<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1 to 5 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-SR12-MIN-004<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Seabed recovery before shared rules are complete<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>unfinished international rules and an open national review<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>deep-sea habitat in licence areas<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>baselines for deep-sea ecosystems are thin<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>ISA Council; national licensing process; public comment<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>MIN \u2192 BIO \u2192 FOO<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1 to 5 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.2<\/span><span>Capability ladder<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Existence is not readiness. Each of the fifteen capability functions is placed on the ladder by the strongest public evidence at the global level, from a policy listing to performance in real events.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 4.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Capabilities on the ladder of evidence: listed, exists, demonstrated, tested<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Function<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rung<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Level<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Strongest public evidence at baseline<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Prevention and mitigation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>shipping net-zero framework adjourned; emissions cuts sit in the climate edition<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoring and observation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>ADEQUATE<\/td><td>satellite series for ice and sea level; deep-sea data thin<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>seasonal ice and bleaching alerts; no common cross-space warning<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preparedness and planning<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>coastal planning varies; not consolidated here<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Redundancy and reserves<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>protected areas cover 1.45% of the high seas<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Response<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>no consolidated response record for ocean events<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Continuity of critical services<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>fisheries and shipping continuity not consolidated here<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recovery<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>reef recovery limited once thresholds pass<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adaptation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>adaptation of coasts not consolidated here<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Social protection<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>support for fishing communities not consolidated<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance and insurance<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>finance of ocean protection not consolidated here<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Institutional coordination<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>treaties and bodies in force; practice uneven<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Technical infrastructure<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>research vessels, satellites and ports; orbit crowding rising<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Workforce<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>skills for ocean science and enforcement not consolidated<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Research capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>ADEQUATE<\/td><td>ocean and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h28\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.climate-state.abrupt-regime-shift\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Climate-state shifts\" data-td=\"A threshold crossing in a large climate-system component, such as an ocean circulation or a rainforest, that changes regional climate quickly and may not reverse.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H28\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">tipping point<\/a> science active<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"4\">A capability listed in policy is not a tested one; each rung is the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), NOAA confirms 4th global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.coral-bleaching\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Corals expelling their algal partners under heat stress, turning white and often dying, with loss of reef fisheries and shore protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">coral bleaching<\/a> event (news release of 15 April 2024; bleaching documented from February 2023 to April 2024). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>National Oceanography Centre (ed.), Global Tipping Points Report 2025 reveals first <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 earth-system\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The integrated set of physical, chemical, biological and human processes that regulate the state of the planet, studied as one coupled system.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earth system<\/a> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h28\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.climate-state.abrupt-regime-shift\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Climate-state shifts\" data-td=\"A threshold crossing in a large climate-system component, such as an ocean circulation or a rainforest, that changes regional climate quickly and may not reverse.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H28\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">tipping point<\/a> reached (summary page; warm-water reefs passing their thermal tipping point, central estimate 1.2 \u00b0C, range 1 to 1.5 \u00b0C, warming about 1.4 \u00b0C; more than 160 scientists at 87 institutions). NOC, Southampton. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Stockholm Resilience Centre (ed.), Seven of nine planetary boundaries now breached (Planetary Health Check 2025 news page of 24 September 2025; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h12\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.ocean-state.ocean-acidification\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Ocean-state extremes\" data-td=\"A slow drop in sea-water pH as the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide, weakening organisms that build shells and skeletons.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H12\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">ocean acidification<\/a> breached for the first time; surface pH down about 0.1 units). Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), 2025 set to be second or third warmest year on record (update for COP30; sea level rate from 2.1 mm a year in 1993 to 2002 to 4.1 mm a year in 2016 to 2025; over 90% of excess energy in the ocean). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), Global Mean Sea Level (key indicator page; 115.2 mm rise since 1993; current rate 4.4 mm a year). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Pasadena. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>United Nations (ed.), Agreement under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (status page, UN Treaty Collection; entry into force 17 January 2026; 145 signatories and 105 parties as shown on the page when read). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>UNEP-WCMC and IUCN (eds.), Protected Planet, marine protected areas page (areas beyond national jurisdiction 61% of the ocean; 1.45% covered by protected areas and other effective area-based measures). UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), NOAA advances review of first-ever deep seabed mining commercial recovery application (news release of 19 August 2026; application submitted 6 February 2026; found in full compliance with the information requirements of the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act; opened as a pre-close source for [14]). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>International Seabed Authority (ed.), 31st Session 2026 (session page; Council part I 9 to 19 March 2026 and part II 13 to 24 July 2026; decision titles on exploitation rules and contract extensions; decision texts not read). ISA, Kingston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>Herbert (ed.), MEPC ES2 Meeting Brief (law-firm briefing page dated 2026-01-20; adjournment of the Net-Zero Framework session by a vote of 57 in favour, 49 against and 21 abstentions after a one-year adjournment motion; opened as a pre-close source for [13]). Herbert, law-firm briefing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>NSIDC (ed.), Arctic sea ice has likely reached its minimum extent for 2025 (Sea Ice Today analysis, relayed by CIRES; minimum 4.60 million km\u00b2 on 10 September 2025; tenth lowest in the 47-year record). National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>WTO (ed.), Acceptances of the Protocol Amending the Marrakesh Agreement, Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (acceptance list; entry into force 15 September 2025; 123 acceptances; latest date shown 20 July 2026). World Trade Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>European Space Agency (ed.), ESA Space Environment Report 2026 (report page of 14 September 2026; data to end 2025; health index from about 4 to about 50; more than 300 launches and over 4,000 payloads in 2025). ESA, Darmstadt. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Armstrong McKay, D.I. et al., Exceeding 1.5 \u00b0C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points, Science 377, eabn7950, 2022, cited from memory. AAAS. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Rockstr\u00f6m, J. et al., A safe operating space for humanity, Nature 461, 472 to 475, 2009, cited from memory. Springer Nature. Observation year 2009. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c4-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-part-scenario\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c5-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/\">Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 5<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">High seas treaty implementation and the first protected areas<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">A conditional statement under stated assumptions, never a prediction.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>2 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>2 notes<\/span><span>NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c5-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c5-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c5-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.1<\/span><span>Assumptions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Scenario SCN-SR12-HSP-01: what is assumed, and what is held constant.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Baseline<\/dt><dd>the 2026 reference state in this edition<\/dd><dt>Drivers<\/dt><dd>parties to the high seas treaty prepare the first area-based management proposals while fishing and seabed activity continue<\/dd><dt>Analogues<\/dt><dd>WTO subsidy rules, 2025; Antarctic Treaty system<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c5-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c5-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c5-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c5-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Interventions<\/dt><dd>none modelled: the specification describes the unmitigated case<\/dd><dt>Run state<\/dt><dd>narrative specification; quantified run scheduled for 2027<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c5-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c5-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c5-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.2<\/span><span>The cascade, step by step<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">POL \u2192 BIO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">the first conference of the parties convenes and bodies are set up<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2026<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">BIO \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">proposals for protected areas are prepared with scientific advice<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">TRD \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">subsidy and fleet rules apply alongside new area measures<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2025<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">MIN \u2192 BIO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">seabed licensing decisions proceed on a separate track<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2026<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">BIO \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">reef and stock stress continue under warming<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2025<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">POL \u2192 TRD<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">rules meet practice in ports and at sea<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2027<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c5-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c5-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c5-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.3<\/span><span>The scenario as a table of steps<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">How the shock in scenario SCN-SR12-HSP-01 would travel through Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons&#8217;s coupled <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, step by step, under the assumptions the edition states.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 POL to biodiversity<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The first conference of the parties convenes and bodies are set up. Analogue or source: 2026.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition SR-12, scenario SCN-SR12-HSP-01, step 1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 Biodiversity to food<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Proposals for protected areas are prepared with scientific advice. Analogue or source: 2027.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition SR-12, scenario SCN-SR12-HSP-01, step 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 Trade to food<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Subsidy and fleet rules apply alongside new area measures. Analogue or source: 2025.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition SR-12, scenario SCN-SR12-HSP-01, step 3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 Minerals to biodiversity<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Seabed licensing decisions proceed on a separate track. Analogue or source: 2026.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition SR-12, scenario SCN-SR12-HSP-01, step 4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 Biodiversity to food<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Reef and stock stress continue under warming. Analogue or source: 2025.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition SR-12, scenario SCN-SR12-HSP-01, step 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 POL to trade<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Rules meet practice in ports and at sea. Analogue or source: 2027.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition SR-12, scenario SCN-SR12-HSP-01, step 6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of a conditional scenario under the edition&#8217;s stated assumptions: not a forecast, not a prediction and not a warning. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/scenario\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons 2026, scenario SCN-SR12-HSP-01<\/a> (2026); Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons 2026, references (NR-CIT-1) (2026).<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c5-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c5-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c5-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c5-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>WTO (ed.), Acceptances of the Protocol Amending the Marrakesh Agreement, Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (acceptance list; entry into force 15 September 2025; 123 acceptances; latest date shown 20 July 2026). World Trade Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c5-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c5-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Antarctic Treaty Secretariat (ed.), Parties to the Antarctic Treaty (58 parties, 29 consultative; treaty in force 23 June 1961). Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty, Buenos Aires. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c5-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-part-lenses-and-readings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/\">Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 6<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Readings from the other desks<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The global baseline is read through each steward\u2019s lens, then once as a whole. Each lens is a projection of reviewed findings, not a separate argument. The other desks&#8217; own editions of this subject are listed first, as cross-references, not copies.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>16 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>8 tables<\/span><span>37 notes<\/span><span>NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.1<\/span><span>The other desks&#8217; editions of this subject<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Federation: each desk writes its own edition for the subjects in its remit. Until a desk releases, its edition shows its frame and the reading this edition printed for it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Desk<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-host=\"true\"><th scope=\"row\">GCRI Systems Evidence<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRF Public Deliberation<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRA Capital Readiness<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Standards Progress<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Academy Capability<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Index Measurement<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.2<\/span><span>Three lenses<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">One edition, read by each steward. The lens of this site comes first.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\" data-host=\"true\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports reading the commons as linked spaces. Warming drives ice loss, sea level, reef stress and acidification together, and governance moves unevenly across them. Evidence is strongest for physical series and weakest for activity at sea and effective protection.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-001 \u00b7 CLI-004 \u00b7 BIO-005 \u00b7 POL-008<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRF \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people the ocean arrives as a coast, a plate of fish or a news image of melting ice. The baseline asks that public debate treat the ocean, the poles and orbit as shared and connected, and keep governance in view as well as science.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-002 \u00b7 FOO-007 \u00b7 POL-008<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRA \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Sea level, reef and fish evidence show where finance-readiness evidence will matter. Nothing here is advice, a rating or an approval.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-004 \u00b7 FOO-007<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>The commons are well described by physical series and thinly measured by use. The 2027 programme should bind protection and activity data, test the treaty scenario and map which rules are in force before the next decisions.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">POL-008 \u00b7 MIN-011 \u00b7 C-01<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.3<\/span><span>Standards, Academy and steward contributions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">How the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> drafts, the Risk Academy and the three stewards feed each quarterly edition for ocean and polar commons. The standards are a preparatory working draft (2026) and are cited as drafts, never as adopted standards.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The quarterly rhythm every edition follows<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Quarter<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Boundary<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Q1<\/td><td>State and Agenda<\/td><td>What matters this year, and what is the starting position?<\/td><td>observed baseline stays distinct from planned work<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q2<\/td><td>Evidence and Build<\/td><td>What new evidence and capability exist?<\/td><td>a configured capability is not a validated result<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q3<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stress Test<\/a> and Readiness<\/td><td>What do scenarios and tests show?<\/td><td>simulated loss or performance is not observed impact<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q4<\/td><td>Annual Synthesis and Renewal<\/td><td>What changed in the year, and what renews?<\/td><td>release follows review, not event publicity deadlines<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Who contributes what each quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Steward or body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contribution route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GCRI Canada<\/td><td>Lead Institution and Consortium Secretariat; publisher of record; technical truth (key T)<\/td><td>science and practice communities \u00b7 GCRI gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Forum (GRF)<\/td><td>leadership, dialogue and the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> programme; public meaning (key M)<\/td><td>policy, Universe and national adoption \u00b7 GRF gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)<\/td><td>finance, insurance and development readiness; capital meaning (key F)<\/td><td>finance and insurance \u00b7 GRA gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nexus Standards<\/td><td>preparatory drafts on vocabulary, hazards, indicators and methods<\/td><td>Standards site \u00b7 working groups HAZ, IND, MTH, FIN, AI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk Academy<\/td><td>learning pathways tied to the agenda questions<\/td><td>Academy gateway \u00b7 learning by review<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> strategic desks<\/td><td>commons chapter inputs: GCRI evidence and GRA readiness<\/td><td>strategic editorial board<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards drafts used in this edition<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Risk vocabulary NRS-C1 (424 terms) for terms in the glossary<\/li><li>Hazard atlas NHS-1 1.1.0 (905 hazards in 120 families) for risk objects<\/li><li>Seven risk classes: global, catastrophic, existential, emerging, planetary, exponential, frontier-tech<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards calendar to watch<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Founding calls from 20 October 2026; working groups meet from 5 November 2026<\/li><li>Inaugural Global Standards Council session, 12 January 2027<\/li><li>Quarterly reviews in March, June, September and December, aligned with each edition<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Nothing here certifies. A Nexus attestation records an evaluation under a mandate; it confers no certification, endorsement or approval. Adoption of any standard is a decision of the competent standards body.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.4<\/span><span>GCRI reading: the model card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-p\">GCRI&#8217;s reading of this edition is its model card: what the national model is, what it computes and where it stops. It is printed in full in Annex A, with the methods it belongs to. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/methodology\/\">Annex A, methodology<\/a><\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.5<\/span><span>Global Risks Forum reading: editorial essays<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Four signed essays by the Reports editorial team set out the positions this edition takes. They are interpretation, labelled as such; the evidence they draw on is in the findings register.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Heat moves between air, ice and water, and carbon changes ocean chemistry. Treating sea ice, sea level, reefs and fish alone understates how a change in one reaches the others. This edition reads the links.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 01<\/h3><p>Shared spaces are linked<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">A reef passes a thermal threshold at a level of warming well within current ranges. The Tipping Points Report places the central estimate at 1.2 \u00b0C. Averages hide the point after which recovery is limited.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 02<\/h3><p>Thresholds matter more than averages<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Some rules entered into force in 2025 and 2026. Others were adjourned or remain open. The gap between a rule in force and a change at sea is itself a measurable thing.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 03<\/h3><p>Rules arrive unevenly<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Sea ice and sea level have long public series. Protection, seabed ecosystems and activity at sea do not. What is not measured is hard to protect or to hold to account.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 04<\/h3><p>Data decide what can be governed<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Essays are signed views of the editorial team. Contributed articles from regional consortia, national pathways and invited experts begin with the 2027 ocean and polar commons edition, each with its own review route and disclosures.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.6<\/span><span>Global Risks Alliance reading: 2027 ocean and polar commons readiness pack<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The registers that open the 2027 global cycle. At baseline each is initialised from this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">2027 ocean and polar commons readiness pack<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Register<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First 2027 entry<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>E1<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 global-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Nexus risk class: a risk whose hazard, consequences or causal chain crosses national borders and acts at continental or planetary scale, so that no single country can assess or manage it alone.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/glossary\/global-risk\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Forum glossary\">Global risk<\/a> state delta<\/td><td>baseline set by this edition<\/td><td>changes against the baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E2<\/td><td>WEFH+B state delta<\/td><td>five global system readings set<\/td><td>indicator updates and freshness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E3<\/td><td>Agenda and Portfolio movement<\/td><td>eight agenda items \u00b7 6 proposed objects<\/td><td>admission decisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E4<\/td><td>Federation delivery register<\/td><td>national chapters in preparation<\/td><td>national chapters<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E5<\/td><td>Consortium capability register<\/td><td>national consortia forming<\/td><td>first contributions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E6<\/td><td>Leadership questions and challenges<\/td><td>none yet<\/td><td>first challenge log<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E7<\/td><td>Foundry technical state<\/td><td>national environments prepared<\/td><td>first federation cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E8<\/td><td>Publication candidates<\/td><td>twelve findings carried forward<\/td><td>PUBLISH \u00b7 HOLD dispositions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E9<\/td><td>Universe readiness<\/td><td>one candidate mission<\/td><td>admission and role spine<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E10<\/td><td>Correction register<\/td><td>none<\/td><td>first federation-wide cycle<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication dispositions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Publish<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hold<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Needs evidence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Restricted<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Superseded<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Programme progress is not real-world risk improvement. These registers record the work of the Nexus programme; they report on no state or organisation.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.7<\/span><span>Nexus Standards reading: standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Instruments and published guidance that shape the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in this edition, by status on the retrieval date. The edition assesses no one\u2019s compliance.<\/p><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">IN FORCE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ADOPTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ISSUED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ADJOURNED<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instrument<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Scope<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Relevance<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Agreement on Marine Biodiversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>United Nations<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>high seas biodiversity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>WTO<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>fishing subsidies<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IMO net-zero framework for shipping<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IMO<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>ADJOURNED<\/td><td>shipping emissions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UN Convention on the Law of the Sea<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>United Nations<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>ocean law<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Antarctic Treaty<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Antarctic Treaty System<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>Antarctica<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Antarctic Treaty System<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>Antarctic environment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Outer Space Treaty<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>United Nations<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>outer space<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>United States<\/td><td>US<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>national seabed licensing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ISA exploitation regulations, draft<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>International Seabed Authority<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>ADJOURNED<\/td><td>seabed mining<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Treaty concerning the Archipelago of Spitsbergen<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>treaty parties<\/td><td>Svalbard<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>Arctic archipelago<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ilulissat Declaration<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Arctic Ocean coastal states<\/td><td>Arctic<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2008<\/td><td>Arctic Ocean<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Convention on Biological Diversity<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2022<\/td><td>protected area target<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IMO GHG Strategy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IMO<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2023<\/td><td>shipping emissions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Advisory opinion on climate and the law of the sea<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ITLOS<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>ISSUED 2024<\/td><td>ocean law<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Advisory opinion on climate obligations<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>International Court of Justice<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>ISSUED 2025<\/td><td>state obligations<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Changed since 2024<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>The high seas treaty entered into force on 17 January 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies entered into force on 15 September 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The IMO adjourned the net-zero framework session in October 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">To watch in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Ratifications and the first conference of the parties of the high seas treaty<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Council decisions on seabed exploitation rules<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The reconvened IMO session on the net-zero framework (post-close, context only)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Status is read from the issuing body on the retrieval date. Instruments open for signature or awaiting ratification are labelled as such; a change in status opens a review task for every finding that relies on the instrument.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.8<\/span><span>Risk Academy reading: literature and evidence review, science and assessments<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The review behind this edition covers ocean and polar commons assessments, peer-reviewed science and the institutional reports that bind its findings. Systematic reviews for each agenda item begin in 2027.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Review protocol<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Question<\/dt><dd>What does the published evidence establish about the world\u2019s oceans, polar regions and global commons and its couplings?<\/dd><dt>Sources searched<\/dt><dd>agency analyses; treaty records; peer-reviewed <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h28\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.climate-state.abrupt-regime-shift\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Climate-state shifts\" data-td=\"A threshold crossing in a large climate-system component, such as an ocean circulation or a rainforest, that changes regional climate quickly and may not reverse.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H28\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">tipping point<\/a> and ocean literature; fisheries statistics<\/dd><dt>Window<\/dt><dd>releases available at evidence close, 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Selection<\/dt><dd>sources that bind or contextualise a finding in this edition<\/dd><dt>Next step<\/dt><dd>systematic reviews for agenda items 01 to 05 in 2027<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Peer-reviewed science and assessments<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Rockstr\u00f6m et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2009<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>planetary boundaries<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Richardson et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>boundary update<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Armstrong McKay et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>tipping thresholds<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ditlevsen and Ditlevsen<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>ocean circulation signal<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sala et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>protection and food<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hardin<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>1968<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>shared resources<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ostrom<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>book<\/td><td>1990<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>collective action<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kessler and Cour-Palais<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>1978<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>debris collisions<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Institutional flagships<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Arctic Report Card 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOAA<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>Arctic change<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>State of the Global Climate update<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>WMO<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>sea level rate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IPCC<\/td><td>2019<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>ocean and ice<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sixth Assessment, Working Group I<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IPCC<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>physical basis<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global Tipping Points Report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Institute and partners<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>reef threshold<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Planetary Health Check<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Planetary Boundaries Science Lab<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>acidification boundary<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Statistics, treaties and rules<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h16\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.floating-ice.sea-ice\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Floating ice\" data-td=\"Sea ice that closes shipping lanes, crushes hulls and platforms and cuts off coastal communities.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H16\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">Sea Ice<\/a> Today analyses<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NSIDC<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>sea ice extent<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ice analysis<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>US National Ice Center<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>dataset differences<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global mean sea level<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NASA<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>sea level rise<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>FAO<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>stock status<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protected Planet<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNEP-WCMC and IUCN<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>protected areas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Space Environment Report 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ESA<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>orbital health<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Standards, agreements and records<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>BBNJ Agreement status<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>United Nations<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>treaty status<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fisheries subsidies acceptances<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>WTO<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>subsidy rules<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MEPC adjournment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IMO<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>shipping framework<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Consolidated application release<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOAA<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>national licensing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>31st session records<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>International Seabed Authority<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>seabed rules<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Advisory opinion<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ITLOS<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>ocean law<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Advisory opinion<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>International Court of Justice<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>climate obligations<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where the evidence agrees<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Warming drives ice loss, sea level rise and reef stress together<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Sea level rise is faster than at the start of the satellite record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The high seas treaty entered into force on 17 January 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where it is unsettled<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>How soon reef loss spreads beyond current events<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How well the high seas treaty will change protection at sea<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How deep-sea ecosystems would respond to nodule recovery<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEWS AND PREPRINTS<\/p><p>No news report or preprint binds a finding in this edition. News is used only to date events; preprints used from 2027 will be flagged as not peer-reviewed.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>United Nations (ed.), Agreement under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (status page, UN Treaty Collection; entry into force 17 January 2026; 145 signatories and 105 parties as shown on the page when read). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>WTO (ed.), Acceptances of the Protocol Amending the Marrakesh Agreement, Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (acceptance list; entry into force 15 September 2025; 123 acceptances; latest date shown 20 July 2026). World Trade Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>Herbert (ed.), MEPC ES2 Meeting Brief (law-firm briefing page dated 2026-01-20; adjournment of the Net-Zero Framework session by a vote of 57 in favour, 49 against and 21 abstentions after a one-year adjournment motion; opened as a pre-close source for [13]). Herbert, law-firm briefing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982), cited from memory; the UN status page returned no data. United Nations, New York. Observation year 1982. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Antarctic Treaty Secretariat (ed.), Parties to the Antarctic Treaty (58 parties, 29 consultative; treaty in force 23 June 1961). Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty, Buenos Aires. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (1991), cited from memory. Antarctic Treaty Secretariat, Buenos Aires. Observation year 1991. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (1967), cited from memory. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, Vienna. Observation year 1967. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), NOAA advances review of first-ever deep seabed mining commercial recovery application (news release of 19 August 2026; application submitted 6 February 2026; found in full compliance with the information requirements of the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act; opened as a pre-close source for [14]). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>International Seabed Authority (ed.), 31st Session 2026 (session page; Council part I 9 to 19 March 2026 and part II 13 to 24 July 2026; decision titles on exploitation rules and contract extensions; decision texts not read). ISA, Kingston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Treaty concerning the Archipelago of Spitsbergen (1920), cited from memory. Observation year 1920. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ilulissat Declaration, Arctic Ocean Conference, 2008, cited from memory; no figure used. Observation year 2008. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention on Biological Diversity, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, decision 15\/4, December 2022 (Target 3 on protecting 30% of land and sea by 2030), cited from memory. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: IMO (ed.), 2023 IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships, resolution MEPC.377(80), July 2023, cited from memory; no figure used. International Maritime Organization, London. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ed.), Request for an advisory opinion submitted by the Commission of Small Island States on <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> and International Law, Case No. 31, advisory opinion of 21 May 2024 (case page; unanimous; holdings not read). ITLOS, Hamburg. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>International Court of Justice (ed.), Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change, advisory opinion of 23 July 2025 (case page; documents listed; holdings not read). ICJ, The Hague. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: IMO (ed.), Marine Environment Protection Committee, second extraordinary session, adjournment of the Net-Zero Framework by 57 votes to 49 on 17 October 2025; reconvening due October 2026 (as reported by a trade news service). International Maritime Organization, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Rockstr\u00f6m, J. et al., A <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 safe-operating-space\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The region within all planetary boundaries in which human development can proceed with a low risk of destabilising the Earth system.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">safe operating space<\/a> for humanity, Nature 461, 472 to 475, 2009, cited from memory. Springer Nature. Observation year 2009. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Richardson, K. et al., Earth beyond six of nine planetary boundaries, Science Advances 9, eadh2458, 2023, cited from memory. AAAS. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Armstrong McKay, D.I. et al., Exceeding 1.5 \u00b0C <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 global-warming\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The rise in global average surface temperature relative to a pre-industrial baseline, the headline indicator of human-driven climate change.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">global warming<\/a> could trigger multiple climate tipping points, Science 377, eabn7950, 2022, cited from memory. AAAS. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ditlevsen, P. and Ditlevsen, S., Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, Nature Communications 14, 4254, 2023, cited from memory; contested in the literature. Springer Nature. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Sala, E. et al., Protecting the global ocean for biodiversity, food and climate, Nature 592, 397 to 402, 2021, cited from memory. Springer Nature. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Hardin, G., The tragedy of the commons, Science 162, 1243 to 1248, 1968, cited from memory. AAAS. Observation year 1968. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ostrom, E., Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990, cited from memory. Observation year 1990. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Kessler, D.J. and Cour-Palais, B.G., Collision frequency of artificial satellites: the creation of a debris belt, Journal of Geophysical Research 83, 2637 to 2646, 1978, cited from memory. Observation year 1978. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), Arctic Report Card 2025 (summary page; air temperature, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h16\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.floating-ice.sea-ice\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Floating ice\" data-td=\"Sea ice that closes shipping lanes, crushes hulls and platforms and cuts off coastal communities.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H16\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">sea ice<\/a>, precipitation and Greenland ice sheet findings). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), 2025 set to be second or third warmest year on record (update for COP30; sea level rate from 2.1 mm a year in 1993 to 2002 to 4.1 mm a year in 2016 to 2025; over 90% of excess energy in the ocean). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: IPCC (ed.), Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, 2019, cited from memory; the IPCC page returned an access error. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: IPCC (ed.), Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report, cited from memory. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>National Oceanography Centre (ed.), Global Tipping Points Report 2025 reveals first Earth system tipping point reached (summary page; warm-water reefs passing their thermal tipping point, central estimate 1.2 \u00b0C, range 1 to 1.5 \u00b0C, warming about 1.4 \u00b0C; more than 160 scientists at 87 institutions). NOC, Southampton. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Stockholm Resilience Centre (ed.), Seven of nine planetary boundaries now breached (Planetary Health Check 2025 news page of 24 September 2025; ocean acidification breached for the first time; surface pH down about 0.1 units). Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>NSIDC (ed.), Arctic sea ice has likely reached its minimum extent for 2025 (Sea Ice Today analysis, relayed by CIRES; minimum 4.60 million km\u00b2 on 10 September 2025; tenth lowest in the 47-year record). National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>NSIDC (ed.), Sea Ice Today analyses (Antarctic maximum 17.81 million km\u00b2 on 17 September 2025, third lowest; Antarctic minimum 1.98 million km\u00b2 on 1 March 2025, tied second lowest). National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>US National Ice Center (ed.), Arctic Sea Ice at Minimum and Maximum Extents, 2025 to 2026 (press release; USNIC 3-day minimum 4.86 million km\u00b2 in September 2025; 2026 maximum 14.53 million km\u00b2 on 6 to 8 March by USNIC and 14.29 million km\u00b2 on 15 March by NSIDC). US National Ice Center, Suitland. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), Global Mean Sea Level (key indicator page; 115.2 mm rise since 1993; current rate 4.4 mm a year). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Pasadena. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: FAO (ed.), The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2026, doi 10.4060\/cd8357en (release 16 June 2026), figures taken from the summary page in [21]; the FAO pages read returned no figures. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4060\/cd8357en\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.4060\/cd8357en<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>UNEP-WCMC and IUCN (eds.), Protected Planet, marine protected areas page (areas beyond national jurisdiction 61% of the ocean; 1.45% covered by protected areas and other effective area-based measures). UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>European Space Agency (ed.), ESA Space Environment Report 2026 (report page of 14 September 2026; data to end 2025; health index from about 4 to about 50; more than 300 launches and over 4,000 payloads in 2025). ESA, Darmstadt. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-part-agenda\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/\">Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 7<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">The 2027 agenda<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Eight bounded questions open the 2027 ocean and polar commons agenda. Each comes from a baseline finding, names the initiative that will carry it and the first output due in the 2027 ocean and polar commons edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>6 tables<\/span><span>5 notes<\/span><span>NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.1<\/span><span>Questions for the operational series<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C-01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How would implementation of the high seas treaty change protection on the high seas, and how would that be measured?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-SR12-HSP-01 \u00b7 high seas protection; first output: protection tracker for the high seas.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C-02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which links join ice loss, sea level and coastal exposure, and where do they bind fastest?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-SR12-ICE-02 \u00b7 ice and sea level; first output: exposure overlay.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C-03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Where do reef stress, acidification and fish stocks overlap?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-SR12-REF-03 \u00b7 reefs, acidification and fish; first output: overlap map.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C-04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which seabed and shipping rules are in force, adjourned or open?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-SR12-RUL-04 \u00b7 rules register; first output: status register.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C-05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How crowded is orbit and what limits clean-up?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-SR12-ORB-05 \u00b7 orbit; first output: debris and launch note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C-06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which states and bodies publish ocean data on a comparable basis?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in 2027; first output: coverage note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C-07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How do competing uses of the Arctic shape shared risk?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in 2027; first output: scoping note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C-08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which commons capabilities have been exercised in practice, and which are only agreed on paper?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">Commons capability register; first output: rung evidence for 15 functions.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.2<\/span><span>Portfolio proposed for the Q1 2027 alignment<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Five initiatives and one Universe mission candidate are proposed for the 2027 commons portfolio. They are programme objects: no partner, funder or member is attached to them in this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Objects proposed for the first operational quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Object<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-SR12-HSP-01<\/span><\/td><td>High seas protection<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>C-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-SR12-ICE-02<\/span><\/td><td>Ice and sea level<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>C-02<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-SR12-REF-03<\/span><\/td><td>Reefs, acidification and fish<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>C-03<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-SR12-RUL-04<\/span><\/td><td>Rules register<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>C-04<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-SR12-ORB-05<\/span><\/td><td>Orbit<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>C-05<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MSN-SR12-2027-01<\/span><\/td><td>High seas protection Universe mission<\/td><td>Mission<\/td><td>C-01<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.3<\/span><span>The pathway<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The global commons edition reads national ocean chapters, sector editions and the global edition through one governed evidence graph. At baseline the federation is designed and its first editions are drafted. This page states what exists today and what comes next.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National ocean chapters<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">ocean and polar reading in each national edition<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">IN PREPARATION \u00b7 national baselines<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Sector editions<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">climate, biodiversity, food, infrastructure<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">PLANNED \u00b7 sector Baseline Editions<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Global commons model<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">the ocean, polar and orbital system of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">v0 SPECIFIED \u00b7 v1 with federation evidence<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Strategic links<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">SR-03 supply chains \u00b7 SR-09 planetary boundaries \u00b7 SR-04 critical minerals<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">PLANNED \u00b7 strategic baselines<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Universe<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">annual proving environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANDIDATE MISSION \u00b7 mandate in 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Global Commons Report<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">this series<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE DRAFT \u00b7 2027 annual edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Evidence and correction<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">one graph, many projections<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">OPEN \u00b7 first correction cycle in 2027<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.4<\/span><span>Universe 2027: evidence pack for the ocean and polar commons candidate mission<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Mandate<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Core Build \u00b7 1 month<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Action \u00b7 1 week<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Evidence seal<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Portfolio correction<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Next mandate<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Universe 2027: evidence pack for the ocean and polar commons candidate mission<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Record<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Timing<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>F1<\/td><td>Annual mandate record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>after the Q2 2027 alignment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F2<\/td><td>Core Build record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>one month before the exercise<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F3<\/td><td>Exercise evidence<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>during the Action week<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F4<\/td><td>Decision packets<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>exercise state only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F5<\/td><td>Proof receipts<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>scoped to each recorded check<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F6<\/td><td>After-action report<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>within one quarter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F7<\/td><td>Upgrade docket<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>routed to the Portfolio<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F8<\/td><td>Portfolio renewal<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>2027 ocean and polar commons annual edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F9<\/td><td>Public synthesis<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>public-safe extracts only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Mission<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>ID<\/dt><dd>MSN-SR12-2027-01 \u00b7 High seas protection Universe mission<\/dd><dt>Role spine<\/dt><dd>Leadership sponsor \u00b7 Institutional anchor \u00b7 Mission lead: drawn from national pathways<\/dd><dt>Receiving actors<\/dt><dd>to be identified with the mandate<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Simulation success is not deployment approval; demonstration is not certification; finance readiness is not financing secured.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.5<\/span><span>Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Where the baseline\u2019s findings go next. A handoff routes a finding for awareness, review or work; it transfers no authority.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Finding<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Routed to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Purpose<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CLI-001 \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h16\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.floating-ice.sea-ice\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Floating ice\" data-td=\"Sea ice that closes shipping lanes, crushes hulls and platforms and cuts off coastal communities.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H16\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">sea ice<\/a><\/td><td>INI-SR12-ICE-02<\/td><td>ice and sea level<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CLI-004 \u00b7 sea level<\/td><td>INI-SR12-ICE-02<\/td><td>ice and sea level<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>BIO-005 \u00b7 reefs<\/td><td>INI-SR12-REF-03<\/td><td>reefs, acidification and fish<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FOO-007 \u00b7 fish<\/td><td>INI-SR12-REF-03<\/td><td>reefs, acidification and fish<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>POL-008 \u00b7 high seas<\/td><td>INI-SR12-HSP-01 \u00b7 key F review<\/td><td>high seas protection<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>TRD-010 \u00b7 shipping rules<\/td><td>INI-SR12-RUL-04<\/td><td>rules register<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MIN-011 \u00b7 seabed<\/td><td>sector editions<\/td><td>rules register<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>INF-012 \u00b7 orbit<\/td><td>INI-SR12-ORB-05<\/td><td>orbit<\/td><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Routing rules by publication class<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Where it goes<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Who can see it<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>PUBLIC<\/td><td>the published edition and its evidence bundle<\/td><td>anyone<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><td>governed rooms of the federation<\/td><td>consortium members under agreement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONTROLLED<\/td><td>need-to-know channels<\/td><td>named competent actors only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">CODES ARE NOT JOINS<\/p><p>Series codes in this edition (SR-12 and its relatives) are Reports codes. Codes in other indices can look alike. This edition makes no join on a code alone: a join needs a registry record that names both subjects.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Handoffs carry findings to Nexus programme objects and steward reviews. States and organisations receive public editions as published; nothing here instructs them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.6<\/span><span>Feeds and signal register<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Feeds watched from 2027<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Feed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Producer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Latency<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Feeds into<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h16\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.floating-ice.sea-ice\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Floating ice\" data-td=\"Sea ice that closes shipping lanes, crushes hulls and platforms and cuts off coastal communities.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H16\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">Sea ice<\/a> analyses<\/td><td>NSIDC and the US National Ice Center<\/td><td>monthly<\/td><td>CLI-001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Arctic annual review<\/td><td>NOAA<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI-002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sea level record<\/td><td>NASA and WMO<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI-004<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bleaching alerts<\/td><td>NOAA<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>BIO-005<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Treaty status<\/td><td>UN Treaty Collection<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>POL-008<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Seabed licensing<\/td><td>ISA and NOAA<\/td><td>per session<\/td><td>MIN-011<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Space environment<\/td><td>ESA<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>INF-012<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Escalation routes<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">none \u00b7 keep monitoring<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">research question<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">project<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">risk object<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">annual publication<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">signal report<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Signals at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Signal<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Corroboration<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>SIG-SR12-001<\/td><td>Sea level rise has nearly doubled in the satellite era<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 INF<\/td><td>research question C-02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-SR12-002<\/td><td>Reefs are passing a thermal <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h28\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.climate-state.abrupt-regime-shift\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Climate-state shifts\" data-td=\"A threshold crossing in a large climate-system component, such as an ocean circulation or a rainforest, that changes regional climate quickly and may not reverse.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H28\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">tipping point<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>BIO \u00b7 FOO<\/td><td>research question C-03<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-SR12-003<\/td><td>A national seabed application was found complete in 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>MIN \u00b7 BIO<\/td><td>research question C-04<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A signal is not a warning. Signal records never substitute for official alerting or early-warning authorities, and they bypass no publication control.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), 2025 set to be second or third warmest year on record (update for COP30; sea level rate from 2.1 mm a year in 1993 to 2002 to 4.1 mm a year in 2016 to 2025; over 90% of excess energy in the ocean). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), Global Mean Sea Level (key indicator page; 115.2 mm rise since 1993; current rate 4.4 mm a year). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Pasadena. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), NOAA confirms 4th global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.coral-bleaching\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Corals expelling their algal partners under heat stress, turning white and often dying, with loss of reef fisheries and shore protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">coral bleaching<\/a> event (news release of 15 April 2024; bleaching documented from February 2023 to April 2024). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>National Oceanography Centre (ed.), Global Tipping Points Report 2025 reveals first <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 earth-system\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The integrated set of physical, chemical, biological and human processes that regulate the state of the planet, studied as one coupled system.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earth system<\/a> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h28\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.climate-state.abrupt-regime-shift\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Climate-state shifts\" data-td=\"A threshold crossing in a large climate-system component, such as an ocean circulation or a rainforest, that changes regional climate quickly and may not reverse.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H28\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">tipping point<\/a> reached (summary page; warm-water reefs passing their thermal tipping point, central estimate 1.2 \u00b0C, range 1 to 1.5 \u00b0C, warming about 1.4 \u00b0C; more than 160 scientists at 87 institutions). NOC, Southampton. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), NOAA advances review of first-ever deep seabed mining commercial recovery application (news release of 19 August 2026; application submitted 6 February 2026; found in full compliance with the information requirements of the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act; opened as a pre-close source for [14]). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c7-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-part-systems-in-depth\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/\">Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 8<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems in depth<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">One section per system: its state at evidence close, its exposures and what the operational series will watch.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>8 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>5 tables<\/span><span>16 notes<\/span><span>NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.1<\/span><span>Common causes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">One cause can strike many shared spaces at once: warming, emissions or fishing pressure. The shared cause matters more than the space.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">\u00b0C<\/span><p>reef thermal <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h28\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.climate-state.abrupt-regime-shift\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Climate-state shifts\" data-td=\"A threshold crossing in a large climate-system component, such as an ocean circulation or a rainforest, that changes regional climate quickly and may not reverse.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H28\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">tipping point<\/a>, central estimate<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">of 9<\/span><p>planetary boundaries breached<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">0.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pH units<\/span><p>fall in surface ocean pH since the industrial era<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instance<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Mechanism in action<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Warming<\/td><td>Arctic air at its highest since 1900; reefs passing a threshold<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ocean chemistry<\/td><td>acidification boundary breached for the first time<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fishing pressure<\/td><td>62.4% of assessed stocks sustainable<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Marine heat events<\/td><td>fourth global bleaching event confirmed in 2024<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Pathways in this mechanism<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 BIO warming<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 BIO acidification<\/li><li>FOO \u2192 BIO fishing pressure<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>common cause tagging of ocean events<\/li><li>frequency of concurrent heat and acidification events<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>The next Planetary Health Check; bleaching alerts; FAO stock updates.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-03 Global Supply Chains, Trade and Chokepoints<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-04 Critical Minerals and Strategic Materials<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-09 Planetary Boundaries and Earth-System Tipping Risk<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-07 Climate and Earth Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-11 Biodiversity and Ecosystems<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes causes recorded in public sources. It attributes no event to any state and assesses no operator.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.2<\/span><span>Domino effects<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A change in one space removes a buffer for the next. Ice loss raises seas, and reef loss removes coastal protection and fish habitat.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">129<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">billion tons<\/span><p>Greenland ice loss in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">115.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">mm<\/span><p>sea level rise since 1993<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">mm a year<\/span><p>sea level rate, 2016 to 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instance<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Mechanism in action<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ice to sea level<\/td><td>ice sheet loss and ocean warming raise sea level<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sea level to coasts<\/td><td>higher base for <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.storm-surge\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Sea level pushed above the tide by storm wind and low pressure, flooding the coast.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">storm surge<\/a> on low coasts<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reef loss to fish<\/td><td>reef habitat supports fish; loss lowers supply<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ice loss to ocean circulation<\/td><td>freshwater input is a studied pathway<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Pathways in this mechanism<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 INF \u2192 FIN<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 BIO \u2192 FOO<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 CLI ice to ocean<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>timing of coastal impacts by region<\/li><li>reef-to-fish supply links<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>The next Greenland mass series; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.coastal-flood\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Seawater overtopping or breaching the shoreline and flooding land, from surge, waves, high tides or a raised sea level.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">coastal flood<\/a> records; reef surveys.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-03 Global Supply Chains, Trade and Chokepoints<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-04 Critical Minerals and Strategic Materials<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-09 Planetary Boundaries and Earth-System Tipping Risk<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-07 Climate and Earth Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-11 Biodiversity and Ecosystems<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes sequences of change. It forecasts no local outcome and recommends no policy.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.3<\/span><span>Inter-systemic feedbacks<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Shared spaces also act back on the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> around them. Ice loss reduces reflection of sunlight, and ocean warming feeds more of the energy imbalance.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">times<\/span><p>Arctic warming since 2006 against the global rate (more than)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">&gt;95<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>fall in Arctic <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h16\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.floating-ice.sea-ice\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Floating ice\" data-td=\"Sea ice that closes shipping lanes, crushes hulls and platforms and cuts off coastal communities.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H16\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">sea ice<\/a> older than four years since the 1980s<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">90<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of the energy imbalance goes into the ocean (over)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instance<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Mechanism in action<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ice-albedo<\/td><td>less ice means more sunlight absorbed<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ocean heat uptake<\/td><td>ocean takes most of the excess energy<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Carbon uptake<\/td><td>ocean takes up carbon and acidifies<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rain on ice<\/td><td>record precipitation in the Arctic report year<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Pathways in this mechanism<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 CLI ice-albedo<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 BIO acidification<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 CLI emissions<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>ocean heat content in physical units<\/li><li>strength of regional feedbacks<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Ocean heat content updates; sea ice age series; Arctic precipitation.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-03 Global Supply Chains, Trade and Chokepoints<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-04 Critical Minerals and Strategic Materials<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-09 Planetary Boundaries and Earth-System Tipping Risk<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-07 Climate and Earth Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-11 Biodiversity and Ecosystems<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes feedback loops in public sources. It assesses no model or institution.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.4<\/span><span>Shared vulnerabilities<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Different spaces share the same weak points: thin protection, thin data, rules that lag practice and a few crowded orbits and routes.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1.45<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of the high seas covered by protected areas<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">61<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of the ocean lies beyond national jurisdiction<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">50<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">index points<\/span><p>ESA space environment health index, up from about 4<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instance<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Mechanism in action<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>High seas<\/td><td>treaty in force; little area protected<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Seabed<\/td><td>international rules open; a national review proceeds<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Orbit<\/td><td>launch growth and debris raise collision risk<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data<\/td><td>protection and activity data thin<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Pathways in this mechanism<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>POL \u2192 BIO<\/li><li>MIN \u2192 BIO<\/li><li>INF \u2192 INF orbit<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>effective protection data<\/li><li>activity at sea on a common basis<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Ratifications; Council decisions at the ISA; ESA updates.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-03 Global Supply Chains, Trade and Chokepoints<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-04 Critical Minerals and Strategic Materials<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-09 Planetary Boundaries and Earth-System Tipping Risk<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-07 Climate and Earth Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-11 Biodiversity and Ecosystems<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes shared weak points in public sources. It takes no position on any claim and assesses no state or company.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.5<\/span><span>Thresholds and tipping<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A system can absorb stress until a threshold is crossed. Reef thermal limits and treaty entry into force are thresholds of different kinds.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">&gt;99<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>probability reefs tip at 1.5 \u00b0C of warming (virtually certain)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">17<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">January 2026<\/span><p>high seas treaty entered into force<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">57\u201349<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">vote<\/span><p>IMO adjournment of the net-zero framework<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instance<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Mechanism in action<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Reef thermal limit<\/td><td>passing a threshold at about 1.2 \u00b0C central estimate<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 planetary-boundary\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A precautionary limit on a human pressure on a key Earth-system process, such as climate, biosphere integrity, nutrient flows, freshwater, land, novel entities, aerosols or ocean chemistry, beyond which the risk of\u2026\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Planetary boundary<\/a><\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h12\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.ocean-state.ocean-acidification\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Ocean-state extremes\" data-td=\"A slow drop in sea-water pH as the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide, weakening organisms that build shells and skeletons.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H12\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">ocean acidification<\/a> newly beyond its boundary<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Treaty threshold<\/td><td>sixty ratifications led to entry into force<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rule threshold<\/td><td>two-thirds acceptance brought subsidy rules into force<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Pathways in this mechanism<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 BIO thresholds<\/li><li>POL \u2192 BIO treaty thresholds<\/li><li>TRD \u2192 FOO rules in force<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>thresholds for ice sheets and ocean circulation<\/li><li>rule thresholds still open<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h28\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.climate-state.abrupt-regime-shift\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Climate-state shifts\" data-td=\"A threshold crossing in a large climate-system component, such as an ocean circulation or a rainforest, that changes regional climate quickly and may not reverse.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H28\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">Tipping point<\/a> updates; further ratifications; the reconvened IMO session.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-03 Global Supply Chains, Trade and Chokepoints<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-04 Critical Minerals and Strategic Materials<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-09 Planetary Boundaries and Earth-System Tipping Risk<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-07 Climate and Earth Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-11 Biodiversity and Ecosystems<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes thresholds in public sources. It is not a prediction and assesses no state.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>National Oceanography Centre (ed.), Global Tipping Points Report 2025 reveals first <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 earth-system\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The integrated set of physical, chemical, biological and human processes that regulate the state of the planet, studied as one coupled system.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earth system<\/a> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h28\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.climate-state.abrupt-regime-shift\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Climate-state shifts\" data-td=\"A threshold crossing in a large climate-system component, such as an ocean circulation or a rainforest, that changes regional climate quickly and may not reverse.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H28\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">tipping point<\/a> reached (summary page; warm-water reefs passing their thermal tipping point, central estimate 1.2 \u00b0C, range 1 to 1.5 \u00b0C, warming about 1.4 \u00b0C; more than 160 scientists at 87 institutions). NOC, Southampton. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Stockholm Resilience Centre (ed.), Seven of nine planetary boundaries now breached (Planetary Health Check 2025 news page of 24 September 2025; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h12\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.ocean-state.ocean-acidification\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Ocean-state extremes\" data-td=\"A slow drop in sea-water pH as the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide, weakening organisms that build shells and skeletons.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H12\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">ocean acidification<\/a> breached for the first time; surface pH down about 0.1 units). Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), Arctic Report Card 2025 (summary page; air temperature, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h16\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.floating-ice.sea-ice\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Floating ice\" data-td=\"Sea ice that closes shipping lanes, crushes hulls and platforms and cuts off coastal communities.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H16\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">sea ice<\/a>, precipitation and Greenland ice sheet findings). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Marine Stewardship Council (ed.), Five takeaways from the FAO SOFIA report 2026 (summary page of 19 June 2026; 62.4% of stocks sustainable against 64.5% two years earlier; 72.6% of landings from sustainable stocks; 235 million tonnes produced in 2024; trade USD 184 billion). MSC, London. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), NOAA confirms 4th global coral bleaching event (news release of 15 April 2024; bleaching documented from February 2023 to April 2024). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), Global Mean Sea Level (key indicator page; 115.2 mm rise since 1993; current rate 4.4 mm a year). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Pasadena. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), 2025 set to be second or third warmest year on record (update for COP30; sea level rate from 2.1 mm a year in 1993 to 2002 to 4.1 mm a year in 2016 to 2025; over 90% of excess energy in the ocean). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ditlevsen, P. and Ditlevsen, S., Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, Nature Communications 14, 4254, 2023, cited from memory; contested in the literature. Springer Nature. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), Arctic Report Card Marks 20 Years Amid Record Warming in 2025 (news page repeating the report card findings, including sea ice older than four years down more than 95% since the 1980s). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>UNEP-WCMC and IUCN (eds.), Protected Planet, marine protected areas page (areas beyond national jurisdiction 61% of the ocean; 1.45% covered by protected areas and other effective area-based measures). UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>European Space Agency (ed.), ESA Space Environment Report 2026 (report page of 14 September 2026; data to end 2025; health index from about 4 to about 50; more than 300 launches and over 4,000 payloads in 2025). ESA, Darmstadt. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>United Nations (ed.), Agreement under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (status page, UN Treaty Collection; entry into force 17 January 2026; 145 signatories and 105 parties as shown on the page when read). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), NOAA advances review of first-ever deep seabed mining commercial recovery application (news release of 19 August 2026; application submitted 6 February 2026; found in full compliance with the information requirements of the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act; opened as a pre-close source for [14]). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>International Seabed Authority (ed.), 31st Session 2026 (session page; Council part I 9 to 19 March 2026 and part II 13 to 24 July 2026; decision titles on exploitation rules and contract extensions; decision texts not read). ISA, Kingston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>Herbert (ed.), MEPC ES2 Meeting Brief (law-firm briefing page dated 2026-01-20; adjournment of the Net-Zero Framework session by a vote of 57 in favour, 49 against and 21 abstentions after a one-year adjournment motion; opened as a pre-close source for [13]). Herbert, law-firm briefing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>WTO (ed.), Acceptances of the Protocol Amending the Marrakesh Agreement, Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (acceptance list; entry into force 15 September 2025; 123 acceptances; latest date shown 20 July 2026). World Trade Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-c8-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-part-methodology\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/\">Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex A<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Methodology<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">How the edition was made: methods, the model card, the evidence cut and its age, the acceptance record and the glossary.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>12 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>13 tables<\/span><span>11 notes<\/span><span>NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.1<\/span><span>Methods<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The global baseline uses published values and four simple derivations. Each is shown in full so that any reader can reproduce it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Methods<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">No.<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Derivation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Calculation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Result<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>(1)<\/td><td>Arctic Greenland loss in 2025 below the 2003 to 2024 average<\/td><td>219 \u2212 129<\/td><td>90 billion tons<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(2)<\/td><td>Ratio of sea level rate, 2016 to 2025 against 1993 to 2002<\/td><td>4.1 \u00f7 2.1<\/td><td>\u2248 1.95<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(3)<\/td><td>Share of assessed stocks that are not sustainable<\/td><td>100 \u2212 62.4<\/td><td>37.6%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(4)<\/td><td>Share of the high seas outside protected areas<\/td><td>100 \u2212 1.45<\/td><td>98.55%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling strength scale (matrix and model card)<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Strength<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>STRONG<\/td><td>a disruption in the source system has historically changed the target system\u2019s service or output within one season, in more than one region<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MODERATE<\/td><td>an effect is documented but buffered or slower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEAK<\/td><td>an effect is plausible but not documented at global scale<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Status grammar<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rule<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>value as issued by its source, with year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>reasoned from cited evidence; never a measurement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus analytical value with stated method<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>conditional on stated assumptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>structured editorial judgement awaiting evidence<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.2<\/span><span>Model card, Global Commons Model v0<\/span><\/h2><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model ID<\/dt><dd>MDL-SR12-COMMONS \u00b7 v0.1<\/dd><dt>Purpose<\/dt><dd>represent the ocean, the poles, the high seas and orbit as linked shared spaces and the mechanisms by which change spreads between climate, biodiversity, food, minerals and trade<\/dd><dt>Family<\/dt><dd>graph-based system of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/dd><dt>Inputs<\/dt><dd>the cited sources of this edition; no proprietary data<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>expert-specified coupling strengths (STRONG \u00b7 MODERATE \u00b7 WEAK) from assessments and analogue events<\/dd><dt>Validation<\/dt><dd>none yet, first validation against federation evidence in 2027<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>qualitative; strengths are hypotheses, not measurements<\/dd><dt>Domain of validity<\/dt><dd>global scale; not for asset-, site- or country-level use<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>strength table and sources published in this edition<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">couplings<\/span><p>typed in v0<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strong<\/span><p>documented within one season<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">moderate<\/span><p>documented, buffered<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">weak<\/span><p>plausible, undocumented<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>framing the 2027 agenda; choosing which commons measures to bind first; explaining how change in shared spaces spreads.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOT SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>quantitative loss estimates, country comparisons or rankings, operational decisions, or any claim about a specific asset.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">VERSIONING<\/p><p>Models are immutable by version. A change to any coupling, rule or weight produces v0.2 with its own card and correction note.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.3<\/span><span>The baseline evidence cut<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Every Nexus edition is published from a frozen evidence cut. The global baseline cut is documentary: it pins the exact edition of every source cited. Federation cuts begin with the first national Foundry cuts in 2027.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Cut ID<\/dt><dd>DC-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-B0<\/dd><dt>Type<\/dt><dd>baseline documentary cut<\/dd><dt>Resolution policy<\/dt><dd>pinned \u00b7 as of 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Sources pinned<\/dt><dd>42 cited sources, each at the edition and access date in the references<\/dd><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>none at baseline, analytical values are stated with their method<\/dd><dt>Digest<\/dt><dd>computed at <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.hard-freeze\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"Air temperature falling well below freezing for hours, killing crops, bursting pipes and stopping water flow.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">freeze<\/a> and recorded in the publication record<\/dd><dt>Supersedes<\/dt><dd>nothing, first cut of the series<\/dd><dt>Superseded by<\/dt><dd>the 2027 ocean and polar commons annual cut<\/dd><\/dl><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Lineage<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">source edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">pinned citation<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">finding<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">page<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">publication record<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">From the baseline cut to the federation cut<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Element<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2027 global annual<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Sources<\/td><td>cited global publications, pinned by edition<\/td><td>national, regional and sector cuts through one graph<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Analysis<\/td><td>stated methods and editorial estimates<\/td><td>typed analysis specifications<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Models<\/td><td>Global Commons Model v0 specification<\/td><td>model runs with receipts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Findings<\/td><td>twelve baseline findings<\/td><td>findings re-bound to federation evidence<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Review<\/td><td>five passes scheduled<\/td><td>five passes on the exact digest<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.4<\/span><span>Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A 2026 global edition rests on evidence observed in many different years. This page shows each time base, so that no single year label hides older evidence.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Observed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Released<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next release<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Arctic <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h16\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.floating-ice.sea-ice\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Floating ice\" data-td=\"Sea ice that closes shipping lanes, crushes hulls and platforms and cuts off coastal communities.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H16\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">sea ice<\/a> minimum<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Sep 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>Sep 2026 analysis<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Arctic annual review<\/td><td>Oct 2024 to Sep 2025<\/td><td>Dec 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>next Arctic Report Card<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sea level rate<\/td><td>1993 to 2025<\/td><td>Nov 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>next WMO report<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reef thresholds<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Oct 2025<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>no schedule found<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Planetary boundaries<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Sep 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>next Planetary Health Check<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fish stocks<\/td><td>2023 to 2024<\/td><td>Jun 2026<\/td><td>two-yearly<\/td><td>SOFIA 2028<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>High seas treaty status<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>at reading<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>next ratification<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fisheries subsidies<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>Jul 2026<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>next acceptance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Seabed licensing<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>Aug 2026<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>NOAA decision<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Orbit<\/td><td>to Dec 2025<\/td><td>Sep 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>ESA 2027<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coverage by system at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Thinnest dimension<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Sea ice and ice sheets<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>ice thickness and volume<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sea level and heat<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>regional rates<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reefs and acidification<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>regional reef status<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fish<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>stock detail by region<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>High seas governance<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>effective protection<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Seabed<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>ecosystem baselines<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Shipping and trade rules<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>compliance data<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Orbit<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>debris counts<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Designed empty states: what is not bound, what would fill it and why<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Field<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source that would fill it<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Blocker<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ocean heat content in physical units for 2025<\/td><td>WMO State of the Global Climate 2025 and ocean data centres<\/td><td>the WMO page read gave a qualitative statement only; the full report was not opened<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Share of the ocean under effective protection<\/td><td>Protected Planet<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the page read gave the high seas share only; the overall ocean share field was blank<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FAO stock status from the report itself<\/td><td>FAO State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the FAO pages returned no figures; values come from a summary page<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Arctic sea ice winter maximum value for 2025 from the primary page<\/td><td>NSIDC analysis of March 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the analysis page returned an error; the rank is from the NOAA report card<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Arctic and Antarctic ice thickness and volume<\/td><td>satellite altimetry and ice charts<\/td><td>not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Number of states party to the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea<\/td><td>UN Treaty Collection<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the status page returned no data<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Holdings of the ICJ and ITLOS advisory opinions<\/td><td>the full opinions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the pages listed the documents; the opinions were not read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Outcome of the July 2026 ISA Council on exploitation rules<\/td><td>ISA Council decisions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the page listed decision titles; their text was not read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global temperature and sea surface temperature for 2025<\/td><td>Copernicus Global Climate Highlights 2025<\/td><td>the report PDF could not be read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Count of tracked objects and fragmentation events in orbit<\/td><td>ESA Space Environment Report 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the page gave no totals; secondary snapshots differ<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Arctic shipping and seabed activity counts<\/td><td>Arctic Council working groups and national authorities<\/td><td>not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability rungs beyond treaty status<\/td><td>states, secretariats and agencies<\/td><td>not reviewed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.5<\/span><span>Evidence cards, two anchor sources<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Annual. Role: binds CLI-002 and CLI-003. Coverage: the Arctic, October 2024 to September 2025. The summary page was read; the full report was not opened.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-SR12-001<\/h3><p>NOAA Arctic Report Card 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the depositary of the treaty. Per event. Role: binds POL-008. Coverage: global. The status page was read at the time of reading and the party count changes with each ratification.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-SR12-002<\/h3><p>UN Treaty Collection record of the high seas treaty<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Quality dimensions at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Dimension<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-SR12-001<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-SR12-002<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Completeness<\/td><td>regional series; summary page only<\/td><td>status at one date<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Timeliness<\/td><td>about 2 months after the period<\/td><td>current on the day read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Revision<\/td><td>annual update<\/td><td>changes with each deposit<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Method transparency<\/td><td>chapter authors named in the report<\/td><td>treaty text and article stated<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>External validation<\/td><td>peer review of chapters<\/td><td>depositary record<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence cards to follow in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>NOAA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>: ice and ocean chapters of the full report<\/li><li>UN Treaty Collection<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>: party list by date<\/li><li>FAO<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup>: the stock status chapter<\/li><li>ISA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>: text of the Council decisions of 2026<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.6<\/span><span>Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Editorial self-check at evidence close. Every applicable item carries a disposition; the remaining items are review, approval and deposit.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-tab9\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Group<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Area<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Items<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pass<\/th><th scope=\"col\">N\/A<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pending<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D1<\/td><td>Identity and scope<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>Source and data<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D3<\/td><td>Analysis and models<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D4<\/td><td>Findings and claims<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D5<\/td><td>Figures, tables, maps<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D6<\/td><td>Editorial and citations<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D7<\/td><td>Review and approval<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>13<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D8<\/td><td>Artefact and design<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D9<\/td><td>Registry and release<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication gate<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Conditions met<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close<\/dd><dt>Blocking problems<\/dt><dd>none recorded<\/dd><dt>Open conditions<\/dt><dd>reviews, approval of the exact digest, deposit, registry pointer<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Not applicable at baseline<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>first runs in Q1 2027<\/dd><dt>Maps<\/dt><dd>plates in Q2 2027<\/dd><dt>Waivers<\/dt><dd>none<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Dispositions are recorded item by item in the machine-readable checklist. A FAIL on any item blocks release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.7<\/span><span>Status words<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-tab10\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The status every value carries<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it means<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"positive\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Observed<\/span><\/td><td>Measured directly and published by the source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>Published statistics of an official or institutional source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Declared<\/span><\/td><td>Stated by the body concerned; not independently measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>A Nexus estimate from cited evidence, with its method in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Modelled<\/span><\/td><td>Produced by a stated model from cited inputs.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>Reasoned from cited evidence; not measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Forecast<\/span><\/td><td>A projection by the cited source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Simulated<\/span><\/td><td>A simulation result under stated assumptions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>A conditional statement under stated assumptions; never a prediction.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>Expert judgement, recorded with its basis.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><td>Proposed for a later edition; not yet evidence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Evidence-quality levels (EQL 1 to 5) grade the source behind a value; they are not a score of the subject.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.8<\/span><span>How the edition is made, released and corrected<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">Every edition is built from a sealed evidence cut, reviewed under three keys, signed and deposited before any site shows it as published; corrections go to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> as change proposals and feed the next cut.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Evidence arrives from the pillars<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Foundry seals observations and indicator series, Universe hands over after-action and scenario findings, and contributions are screened at every gateway, including this site&#8217;s.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 The cut is sealed<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">On the cut date the evidence is pinned under one identifier, so anyone can rebuild the edition from exactly what it was built on.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 The edition is assembled<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The edition is drafted from its template and content pack. Agents may draft; they never publish and never decide.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 The keys turn<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">At the publisher of record the truth key comes first: every value is checked against its source or stated method before the meaning and capital keys turn. No edition moves on until every key has been turned by a named steward.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 The gate opens<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A named approver releases one exact digest of the edition; any change after this point is a new version, never a silent edit.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Signed and deposited<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The PDF, the web edition and the data bundle are signed together with a manifest and an RO-Crate description, and deposited on Zenodo with a concept and a version DOI.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">07 Published on its desk&#8217;s site<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Only then does the edition show as published on its desk&#8217;s Reports site, and the Collection lists it as a part.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">08 Corrections go to Standards<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Method and correction findings go to Nexus Standards as change proposals; citations, corrections and new contributions feed the next evidence cut.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of the process, not a forecast and not a record of any run; dates and counts on this page come from the programme record. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/governance\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Reports governance at GCRI Canada<\/a> (2026); Zenodo, repository of record for Reports deposits (2026).<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">Lifecycle, one state at a time: Draft, Computed, Evidence bound, Reviewed, Approved for release, Published, Corrected, Superseded. This edition is a draft.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.9<\/span><span>Glossary and abbreviations<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-tab11\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Series terms<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Baseline Edition<\/td><td>the inaugural annual edition that fixes the reference state for the series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEFH+B<\/td><td>water, energy, food, health and biodiversity, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/governance-in-operation\/national-nexus\" data-tc=\"National Nexus\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The national model: the NNC, the NLC and the NWG as its three participation pillars, with the National Desk, Model and Portfolio and the NSC as the standards function of the NNC (OR-13)\">national nexus<\/a> core<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coupling<\/td><td>a typed dependency through which one system transmits to another<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">Protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>the share of losses not covered by insurance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability ladder<\/td><td>LISTED \u2192 EXISTS \u2192 ADEQUATE \u2192 TESTED \u2192 DEMONSTRATED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EQL<\/td><td>evidence-quality level, 1\u20135<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence cut<\/td><td>a frozen resolution of exact sources and versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NNC \u00b7 NLC \u00b7 NWG<\/td><td>National Nexus Consortium \u00b7 National Leadership Council \u00b7 National Working Groups<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-tab12\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.12<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Abbreviations used in this edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Abbreviation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Expansion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>ABNJ<\/td><td>areas beyond national jurisdiction<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>BBNJ<\/td><td>biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ESA<\/td><td>European Space Agency<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FAO<\/td><td>Food and Agriculture Organization<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IMO<\/td><td>International Maritime Organization<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ISA<\/td><td>International Seabed Authority<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ITLOS<\/td><td>International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NOAA<\/td><td>US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NSIDC<\/td><td>US National Snow and Ice Data Center<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>USNIC<\/td><td>US National Ice Center<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WMO<\/td><td>World Meteorological Organization<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WTO<\/td><td>World Trade Organization<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.10<\/span><span>Technical annex<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-tab13\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.13<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Technical annex<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Annex<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contents<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A.1<\/td><td>Indicator definitions<\/td><td>the global indicator set, with units and sources<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.2<\/td><td>Coupling strengths<\/td><td>the twenty-cell matrix and its rationale<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.3<\/td><td>Scenario specification<\/td><td>SCN-SR12-HSP-01 assumptions and signposts<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.4<\/td><td>Capability placements<\/td><td>rung evidence for fifteen functions<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.5<\/td><td>Model diagnostics<\/td><td>first runs and validation<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.6<\/td><td>Sensitivity analyses<\/td><td>influence of coupling strengths<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.7<\/td><td>Regional notes<\/td><td>regional commons cards<\/td><td>WITH REGIONAL EDITIONS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.8<\/td><td>Review statements<\/td><td>pass-by-pass review record<\/td><td>AT RELEASE<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">A.1 \u00b7 indicator definition: sea ice extent<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Construct<\/dt><dd>the area of ocean with at least a set share of ice cover<\/dd><dt>Unit<\/dt><dd>million square kilometres<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>passive microwave concentration data at 25 km, or analyst-interpreted imagery at 1 km<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>NSIDC and USNIC analyses<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>products differ in threshold, resolution and averaging window<\/dd><dt>Known limits<\/dt><dd>extent does not measure ice thickness or volume<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Annexes carry the same evidence, review and correction rules as the chapters and are versioned with the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>UNEP-WCMC and IUCN (eds.), Protected Planet, marine protected areas page (areas beyond national jurisdiction 61% of the ocean; 1.45% covered by protected areas and other effective area-based measures). UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: FAO (ed.), The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2026, doi 10.4060\/cd8357en (release 16 June 2026), figures taken from the summary page in [21]; the FAO pages read returned no figures. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4060\/cd8357en\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.4060\/cd8357en<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>NSIDC (ed.), Arctic <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h16\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.floating-ice.sea-ice\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Floating ice\" data-td=\"Sea ice that closes shipping lanes, crushes hulls and platforms and cuts off coastal communities.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H16\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">sea ice<\/a> has likely reached its minimum extent for 2025 (Sea Ice Today analysis, relayed by CIRES; minimum 4.60 million km\u00b2 on 10 September 2025; tenth lowest in the 47-year record). National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982), cited from memory; the UN status page returned no data. United Nations, New York. Observation year 1982. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>International Court of Justice (ed.), Obligations of States in respect of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a>, advisory opinion of 23 July 2025 (case page; documents listed; holdings not read). ICJ, The Hague. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ed.), Request for an advisory opinion submitted by the Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law, Case No. 31, advisory opinion of 21 May 2024 (case page; unanimous; holdings not read). ITLOS, Hamburg. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>International Seabed Authority (ed.), 31st Session 2026 (session page; Council part I 9 to 19 March 2026 and part II 13 to 24 July 2026; decision titles on exploitation rules and contract extensions; decision texts not read). ISA, Kingston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>European Space Agency (ed.), ESA Space Environment Report 2026 (report page of 14 September 2026; data to end 2025; health index from about 4 to about 50; more than 300 launches and over 4,000 payloads in 2025). ESA, Darmstadt. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), Arctic Report Card 2025 (summary page; air temperature, sea ice, precipitation and Greenland ice sheet findings). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>United Nations (ed.), Agreement under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (status page, UN Treaty Collection; entry into force 17 January 2026; 145 signatories and 105 parties as shown on the page when read). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>US National Ice Center (ed.), Arctic Sea Ice at Minimum and Maximum Extents, 2025 to 2026 (press release; USNIC 3-day minimum 4.86 million km\u00b2 in September 2025; 2026 maximum 14.53 million km\u00b2 on 6 to 8 March by USNIC and 14.29 million km\u00b2 on 15 March by NSIDC). US National Ice Center, Suitland. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-ca-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-part-data\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/\">Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex B<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Data appendix<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>10 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>8 tables<\/span><span>16 notes<\/span><span>NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.1<\/span><span>The indicator set<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Global baseline indicator set<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Arctic <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h16\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.floating-ice.sea-ice\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Floating ice\" data-td=\"Sea ice that closes shipping lanes, crushes hulls and platforms and cuts off coastal communities.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H16\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">sea ice<\/a> minimum, September 2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">4.60<\/span><\/td><td>million km\u00b2<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Arctic sea ice minimum, USNIC 3-day average<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">4.86<\/span><\/td><td>million km\u00b2<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Arctic sea ice maximum, March 2026, NSIDC<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">14.29<\/span><\/td><td>million km\u00b2<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Antarctic sea ice maximum, September 2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">17.81<\/span><\/td><td>million km\u00b2<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Greenland ice sheet loss<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">129<\/span><\/td><td>billion tons<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sea level rise since 1993<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">115.2<\/span><\/td><td>mm<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sea level rise rate<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">4.4<\/span><\/td><td>mm a year<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sea level rate, 2016 to 2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">4.1<\/span><\/td><td>mm a year<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reef thermal <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h28\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.climate-state.abrupt-regime-shift\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Climate-state shifts\" data-td=\"A threshold crossing in a large climate-system component, such as an ocean circulation or a rainforest, that changes regional climate quickly and may not reverse.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H28\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">tipping point<\/a>, central estimate<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1.2<\/span><\/td><td>\u00b0C<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Planetary boundaries breached<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">7 of 9<\/span><\/td><td>count<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Assessed stocks that are sustainable<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">62.4<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Landings from sustainable stocks<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">72.6<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>High seas under protected areas<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1.45<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Parties to the high seas treaty<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">105<\/span><\/td><td>parties<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Acceptances of the fisheries subsidies agreement<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">123<\/span><\/td><td>members<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-actions nrp-noprint\"><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:text\/csv;charset=utf-8,Indicator%2CValue%2CUnit%2CYear%2CState%2CSource%0A%22Arctic%20sea%20ice%20minimum%2C%20September%202025%22%2C4.60%2Cmillion%20km%C2%B2%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0A%22Arctic%20sea%20ice%20minimum%2C%20USNIC%203-day%20average%22%2C4.86%2Cmillion%20km%C2%B2%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0A%22Arctic%20sea%20ice%20maximum%2C%20March%202026%2C%20NSIDC%22%2C14.29%2Cmillion%20km%C2%B2%2C2026%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0A%22Antarctic%20sea%20ice%20maximum%2C%20September%202025%22%2C17.81%2Cmillion%20km%C2%B2%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B7%5D%0AGreenland%20ice%20sheet%20loss%2C129%2Cbillion%20tons%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B3%5D%0ASea%20level%20rise%20since%201993%2C115.2%2Cmm%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B6%5D%0ASea%20level%20rise%20rate%2C4.4%2Cmm%20a%20year%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B6%5D%0A%22Sea%20level%20rate%2C%202016%20to%202025%22%2C4.1%2Cmm%20a%20year%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B5%5D%0A%22Reef%20thermal%20tipping%20point%2C%20central%20estimate%22%2C1.2%2C%C2%B0C%2C2025%2CESTIMATED%2C%5B9%5D%0APlanetary%20boundaries%20breached%2C7%20of%209%2Ccount%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B10%5D%0AAssessed%20stocks%20that%20are%20sustainable%2C62.4%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B21%5D%0ALandings%20from%20sustainable%20stocks%2C72.6%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B21%5D%0AHigh%20seas%20under%20protected%20areas%2C1.45%2C%25%2C2026%2CREPORTED%2C%5B16%5D%0AParties%20to%20the%20high%20seas%20treaty%2C105%2Cparties%2C2026%2CREPORTED%2C%5B11%5D%0AAcceptances%20of%20the%20fisheries%20subsidies%20agreement%2C123%2Cmembers%2C2026%2CREPORTED%2C%5B12%5D%0A\" download=\"NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-indicators.csv\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, CSV<\/a><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:application\/json;charset=utf-8,%7B%0A%20%22edition%22%3A%20%22NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE%22%2C%0A%20%22title%22%3A%20%22Strategic%20Systems%20Report%202026%3A%20Oceans%2C%20Arctic%20and%20Global%20Commons%22%2C%0A%20%22status%22%3A%20%22Draft%20under%20stewardship%20review%3B%20not%20yet%20released%22%2C%0A%20%22licence%22%3A%20%22CC-BY-4.0%20for%20the%20edition%20table%3B%20each%20value%20keeps%20its%20source's%20licence%22%2C%0A%20%22columns%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%22Indicator%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Value%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Unit%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Year%22%2C%0A%20%20%22State%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Source%22%0A%20%5D%2C%0A%20%22rows%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Arctic%20sea%20ice%20minimum%2C%20September%202025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%224.60%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%20km%C2%B2%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Arctic%20sea%20ice%20minimum%2C%20USNIC%203-day%20average%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%224.86%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%20km%C2%B2%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Arctic%20sea%20ice%20maximum%2C%20March%202026%2C%20NSIDC%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2214.29%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%20km%C2%B2%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222026%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Antarctic%20sea%20ice%20maximum%2C%20September%202025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2217.81%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%20km%C2%B2%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B7%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Greenland%20ice%20sheet%20loss%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22129%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22billion%20tons%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B3%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Sea%20level%20rise%20since%201993%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22115.2%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22mm%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B6%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Sea%20level%20rise%20rate%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%224.4%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22mm%20a%20year%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B6%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Sea%20level%20rate%2C%202016%20to%202025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%224.1%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22mm%20a%20year%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B5%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Reef%20thermal%20tipping%20point%2C%20central%20estimate%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221.2%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%C2%B0C%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22ESTIMATED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B9%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Planetary%20boundaries%20breached%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%227%20of%209%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22count%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B10%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Assessed%20stocks%20that%20are%20sustainable%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2262.4%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B21%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Landings%20from%20sustainable%20stocks%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2272.6%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B21%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22High%20seas%20under%20protected%20areas%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221.45%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222026%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B16%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Parties%20to%20the%20high%20seas%20treaty%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22105%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22parties%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222026%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B11%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Acceptances%20of%20the%20fisheries%20subsidies%20agreement%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22123%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22members%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222026%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B12%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%0A%20%5D%0A%7D\" download=\"NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-indicators.json\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, JSON<\/a><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOTES<\/p><p>Values are rounded as published. Sea ice extents differ by dataset and are not added. Values that rest on a summary page carry a reference noted in the evidence list. A machine-readable copy of this table is published with the evidence bundle at release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.2<\/span><span>Global source register<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Domains bound by the register<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">CLI<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">BIO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FOO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">INF<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">MIN<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">TRD<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ENE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">WAT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FIN<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">DAT<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Global source register<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Category<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Period<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>NSIDC <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h16\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.floating-ice.sea-ice\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Floating ice\" data-td=\"Sea ice that closes shipping lanes, crushes hulls and platforms and cuts off coastal communities.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H16\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">Sea Ice<\/a> Today<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>university data centre<\/td><td>Arctic<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>sea ice extent<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>USNIC press release<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national agencies<\/td><td>Arctic<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>dataset differences<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NOAA Arctic Report Card<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national agency<\/td><td>Arctic<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>Arctic change<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WMO update<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UN agency<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>sea level rate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NASA sea level<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national agency<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>continuous<\/td><td>sea level<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global Tipping Points Report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>research consortium<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>reef threshold<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Planetary Health Check<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>research consortium<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>acidification<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UN Treaty Collection<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UN depositary<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>treaty status<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WTO acceptances<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>trade body<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>subsidy rules<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ESA Space Environment Report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>space agency<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>orbital health<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FIXTURE PROHIBITION<\/p><p>No demonstration or reference-cartographic fixture is used as evidence in this edition. The publication gate checks every binding against this register.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.3<\/span><span>Regional reading, ten regional clusters<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Map plates follow with the regional Baseline Editions, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form and ranks no region.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional reading, ten regional clusters<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Region<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Principal hazards<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems most exposed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>North America<\/td><td>Arctic coasts; deep seabed licensing; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.storm-surge\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Sea level pushed above the tide by storm wind and low pressure, flooding the coast.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">storm surge<\/a><\/td><td>ice, coast, seabed<\/td><td>NOAA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>South America<\/td><td>reefs; fisheries; Antarctic gateway<\/td><td>fish, reefs<\/td><td>regional statistics (not bound)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Europe<\/td><td>North Atlantic and Arctic waters; shipping rules<\/td><td>shipping, ice<\/td><td>IMO<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Eurasia<\/td><td>Arctic coastline and shipping routes<\/td><td>ice, shipping<\/td><td>Arctic Report Card<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Middle East and North Africa<\/td><td>warm seas; coastal exposure<\/td><td>reefs, coast<\/td><td>bleaching record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Africa<\/td><td>fisheries and coastal communities<\/td><td>fish, coast<\/td><td>FAO via<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>South Asia<\/td><td>sea level and storm surge<\/td><td>coast, fish<\/td><td>sea level record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>East Asia<\/td><td>fisheries; shipping; reefs<\/td><td>fish, shipping<\/td><td>FAO via<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup>; WTO<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ASEAN<\/td><td>coral triangle reefs; coastal exposure<\/td><td>reefs, fish<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h28\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.climate-state.abrupt-regime-shift\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Climate-state shifts\" data-td=\"A threshold crossing in a large climate-system component, such as an ocean circulation or a rainforest, that changes regional climate quickly and may not reverse.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H28\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">tipping point<\/a> report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Oceania-Pacific<\/td><td>island states; reefs; sea level<\/td><td>reefs, coast<\/td><td>sea level record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>;<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">MAP PLATES WITH THE REGIONAL EDITIONS<\/p><p>Each plate will carry its boundary source and version, projection, resolution, classification, uncertainty encoding and public-safe transform, with text and table alternatives.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Regional readings summarise the cited evidence. They are not risk ratings of any region or country.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.4<\/span><span>Regional card: the Arctic<\/span><\/h2><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">region<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ice<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">air temperature<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ice sheet<\/li><\/ul><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Systems in view<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h16\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.floating-ice.sea-ice\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Floating ice\" data-td=\"Sea ice that closes shipping lanes, crushes hulls and platforms and cuts off coastal communities.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H16\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">sea ice<\/a>, ice sheet, coasts, shipping routes<\/dd><dt>Defining events<\/dt><dd>lowest winter sea ice maximum in the record, March 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Couplings<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 INF; CLI \u2192 BIO<\/dd><dt>Capability evidence<\/dt><dd>long public satellite series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Gaps<\/dt><dd>ice thickness; activity counts on a common basis<\/dd><dt>Agenda items<\/dt><dd>C-02 \u00b7 C-07<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The September 2025 minimum was 4.60 million km\u00b2, tenth lowest in the 47-year record, and all 19 of the lowest September minimums fall in the last 19 years [1] [3].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">ICE<\/h3><p>Sea ice<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Arctic air from October 2024 to September 2025 was the warmest since 1900 and warming since 2006 has been more than twice the global rate [3].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">AIR<\/h3><p>Warming<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The ice sheet lost an estimated 129 billion tons in 2025, below the 2003 to 2024 average of 219 billion tons [3].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">LAND ICE<\/h3><p>Greenland<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Regional cards are generated with the regional Baseline Editions. The Arctic card is shown first because its public series are the longest.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.5<\/span><span>How countries appear in the global edition<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Countries enter the global commons edition through the ocean and coastal chapters of their own national editions, on one card grammar. They are read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">How countries appear in the global edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Card field<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it shows<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>WEFH+B state<\/td><td>each core system against peer distribution bands<\/td><td>national edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Couplings<\/td><td>the national dependency matrix<\/td><td>national edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk objects<\/td><td>the national risk portfolio<\/td><td>national edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability rungs<\/td><td>the national capability ladder<\/td><td>national edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence age<\/td><td>oldest and newest source dates<\/td><td>national source register<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Editions in the 2026 Baseline programme<\/h3><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">26<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">national<\/span><p>countries and unions<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">regional<\/span><p>clusters<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">16<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">global<\/span><p>flagship and sector<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">14<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strategic<\/span><p><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> reports<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">frontier<\/span><p>technology reports<\/p><\/div><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">How to read a country card<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Each system is shown against the distribution of its peers, with thresholds where they exist<\/li><li>Couplings and risk objects come from the country\u2019s own national edition<\/li><li>Capability rungs record evidence, not a judgement of institutions<\/li><li>Evidence age is printed, so older national data are visible as such<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">National Baseline Editions in the 2026 programme<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Wave<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Countries and unions<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>W0<\/td><td>Canada<\/td><td>ISSUED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>W1<\/td><td>United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, European Union, Switzerland<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>W2<\/td><td>Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, T\u00fcrkiye, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, South Africa, Senegal, Kenya, African Union, India, China, Republic of Korea, Indonesia, Singapore, Australia<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>External rankings, where cited, keep their own method and source. Nexus never converts them into a rating, and each country\u2019s ownership of its national edition is unaffected by its appearance here.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.6<\/span><span>Licences<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Licences of each kind of material<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Material<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Text<\/td><td>CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data<\/td><td>on the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td>Nexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maps<\/td><td>boundary source and licence printed on each plate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Metadata<\/td><td>CC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Third-party data, figures and text<\/td><td>The source&#8217;s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.7<\/span><span>Formats and provenance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">This edition in every format<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Format<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it is<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Web edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>Draft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Print edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indicator data<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CSV \u00b7 JSON<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>15 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE data release v1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">SVG \u00b7 PNG<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIG-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-*<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slides<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No slide deck is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence brief<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML \u00b7 PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No evidence brief is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dataset with DOI<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DataCite<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>Concept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Provenance<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Edition pack<\/dt><dd>The edition&#8217;s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built<\/dd><dt>Evidence cut<\/dt><dd>DC-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-B0, closed 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters<\/dd><dt>Self-check<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release<\/dd><dt>Review<\/dt><dd>five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>GCRI for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Corrections<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>NSIDC (ed.), Arctic <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h16\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.floating-ice.sea-ice\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Floating ice\" data-td=\"Sea ice that closes shipping lanes, crushes hulls and platforms and cuts off coastal communities.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H16\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">sea ice<\/a> has likely reached its minimum extent for 2025 (Sea Ice Today analysis, relayed by CIRES; minimum 4.60 million km\u00b2 on 10 September 2025; tenth lowest in the 47-year record). National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>US National Ice Center (ed.), Arctic Sea Ice at Minimum and Maximum Extents, 2025 to 2026 (press release; USNIC 3-day minimum 4.86 million km\u00b2 in September 2025; 2026 maximum 14.53 million km\u00b2 on 6 to 8 March by USNIC and 14.29 million km\u00b2 on 15 March by NSIDC). US National Ice Center, Suitland. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>NSIDC (ed.), Sea Ice Today analyses (Antarctic maximum 17.81 million km\u00b2 on 17 September 2025, third lowest; Antarctic minimum 1.98 million km\u00b2 on 1 March 2025, tied second lowest). National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), Arctic Report Card 2025 (summary page; air temperature, sea ice, precipitation and Greenland ice sheet findings). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), Global Mean Sea Level (key indicator page; 115.2 mm rise since 1993; current rate 4.4 mm a year). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Pasadena. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), 2025 set to be second or third warmest year on record (update for COP30; sea level rate from 2.1 mm a year in 1993 to 2002 to 4.1 mm a year in 2016 to 2025; over 90% of excess energy in the ocean). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>National Oceanography Centre (ed.), Global Tipping Points Report 2025 reveals first <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 earth-system\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The integrated set of physical, chemical, biological and human processes that regulate the state of the planet, studied as one coupled system.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earth system<\/a> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h28\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.climate-state.abrupt-regime-shift\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Climate-state shifts\" data-td=\"A threshold crossing in a large climate-system component, such as an ocean circulation or a rainforest, that changes regional climate quickly and may not reverse.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H28\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">tipping point<\/a> reached (summary page; warm-water reefs passing their thermal tipping point, central estimate 1.2 \u00b0C, range 1 to 1.5 \u00b0C, warming about 1.4 \u00b0C; more than 160 scientists at 87 institutions). NOC, Southampton. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Stockholm Resilience Centre (ed.), Seven of nine planetary boundaries now breached (Planetary Health Check 2025 news page of 24 September 2025; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h12\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.ocean-state.ocean-acidification\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Ocean-state extremes\" data-td=\"A slow drop in sea-water pH as the ocean absorbs carbon dioxide, weakening organisms that build shells and skeletons.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H12\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">ocean acidification<\/a> breached for the first time; surface pH down about 0.1 units). Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Marine Stewardship Council (ed.), Five takeaways from the FAO SOFIA report 2026 (summary page of 19 June 2026; 62.4% of stocks sustainable against 64.5% two years earlier; 72.6% of landings from sustainable stocks; 235 million tonnes produced in 2024; trade USD 184 billion). MSC, London. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>UNEP-WCMC and IUCN (eds.), Protected Planet, marine protected areas page (areas beyond national jurisdiction 61% of the ocean; 1.45% covered by protected areas and other effective area-based measures). UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>United Nations (ed.), Agreement under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (status page, UN Treaty Collection; entry into force 17 January 2026; 145 signatories and 105 parties as shown on the page when read). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>WTO (ed.), Acceptances of the Protocol Amending the Marrakesh Agreement, Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (acceptance list; entry into force 15 September 2025; 123 acceptances; latest date shown 20 July 2026). World Trade Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>European Space Agency (ed.), ESA Space Environment Report 2026 (report page of 14 September 2026; data to end 2025; health index from about 4 to about 50; more than 300 launches and over 4,000 payloads in 2025). ESA, Darmstadt. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), NOAA advances review of first-ever deep seabed mining commercial recovery application (news release of 19 August 2026; application submitted 6 February 2026; found in full compliance with the information requirements of the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act; opened as a pre-close source for [14]). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>Herbert (ed.), MEPC ES2 Meeting Brief (law-firm briefing page dated 2026-01-20; adjournment of the Net-Zero Framework session by a vote of 57 in favour, 49 against and 21 abstentions after a one-year adjournment motion; opened as a pre-close source for [13]). Herbert, law-firm briefing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), NOAA confirms 4th global coral bleaching event (news release of 15 April 2024; bleaching documented from February 2023 to April 2024). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-sr-12-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-part-references\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cc-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/\">Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex C<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">References and record<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Every source the edition rests on, the publication record, the corrections log and the open record.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>14 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>0 notes<\/span><span>NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cc-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cc-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cc-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.1<\/span><span>42 sources<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">NR-CIT-1, editor first. A DOI is linked where the source has one; Nexus records carry a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> once the catalogue allocates it (NS-1).<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>NSIDC (ed.), Arctic <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h16\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 cryo.floating-ice.sea-ice\" data-tk=\"Ice and snow \u00b7 Floating ice\" data-td=\"Sea ice that closes shipping lanes, crushes hulls and platforms and cuts off coastal communities.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H16\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/cryo\/\" data-txl=\"Ice and snow\">sea ice<\/a> has likely reached its minimum extent for 2025 (Sea Ice Today analysis, relayed by CIRES; minimum 4.60 million km\u00b2 on 10 September 2025; tenth lowest in the 47-year record). National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>US National Ice Center (ed.), Arctic Sea Ice at Minimum and Maximum Extents, 2025 to 2026 (press release; USNIC 3-day minimum 4.86 million km\u00b2 in September 2025; 2026 maximum 14.53 million km\u00b2 on 6 to 8 March by USNIC and 14.29 million km\u00b2 on 15 March by NSIDC). US National Ice Center, Suitland. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), Arctic Report Card 2025 (summary page; air temperature, sea ice, precipitation and Greenland ice sheet findings). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), Arctic Report Card Marks 20 Years Amid Record Warming in 2025 (news page repeating the report card findings, including sea ice older than four years down more than 95% since the 1980s). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), 2025 set to be second or third warmest year on record (update for COP30; sea level rate from 2.1 mm a year in 1993 to 2002 to 4.1 mm a year in 2016 to 2025; over 90% of excess energy in the ocean). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), Global Mean Sea Level (key indicator page; 115.2 mm rise since 1993; current rate 4.4 mm a year). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Pasadena. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>NSIDC (ed.), Sea Ice Today analyses (Antarctic maximum 17.81 million km\u00b2 on 17 September 2025, third lowest; Antarctic minimum 1.98 million km\u00b2 on 1 March 2025, tied second lowest). National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), NOAA confirms 4th global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.coral-bleaching\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Corals expelling their algal partners under heat stress, turning white and often dying, with loss of reef fisheries and shore protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">coral bleaching<\/a> event (news release of 15 April 2024; bleaching documented from February 2023 to April 2024). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>National Oceanography Centre (ed.), Global Tipping Points Report 2025 reveals first <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 earth-system\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The integrated set of physical, chemical, biological and human processes that regulate the state of the planet, studied as one coupled system.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Earth system<\/a> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h28\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.climate-state.abrupt-regime-shift\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Climate-state shifts\" data-td=\"A threshold crossing in a large climate-system component, such as an ocean circulation or a rainforest, that changes regional climate quickly and may not reverse.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H28\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">tipping point<\/a> reached (summary page; warm-water reefs passing their thermal tipping point, central estimate 1.2 \u00b0C, range 1 to 1.5 \u00b0C, warming about 1.4 \u00b0C; more than 160 scientists at 87 institutions). NOC, Southampton. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Stockholm Resilience Centre (ed.), Seven of nine planetary boundaries now breached (Planetary Health Check 2025 news page of 24 September 2025; ocean acidification breached for the first time; surface pH down about 0.1 units). Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>United Nations (ed.), Agreement under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (status page, UN Treaty Collection; entry into force 17 January 2026; 145 signatories and 105 parties as shown on the page when read). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>WTO (ed.), Acceptances of the Protocol Amending the Marrakesh Agreement, Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies (acceptance list; entry into force 15 September 2025; 123 acceptances; latest date shown 20 July 2026). World Trade Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: IMO (ed.), Marine Environment Protection Committee, second extraordinary session, adjournment of the Net-Zero Framework by 57 votes to 49 on 17 October 2025; reconvening due October 2026 (as reported by a trade news service). International Maritime Organization, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: NOAA (ed.), NOAA advances review of first-ever deep seabed mining commercial recovery application (news release of 19 August 2026; application submitted 6 February 2026; full compliance with information requirements; comment period to 19 October 2026). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>International Seabed Authority (ed.), 31st Session 2026 (session page; Council part I 9 to 19 March 2026 and part II 13 to 24 July 2026; decision titles on exploitation rules and contract extensions; decision texts not read). ISA, Kingston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>UNEP-WCMC and IUCN (eds.), Protected Planet, marine protected areas page (areas beyond national jurisdiction 61% of the ocean; 1.45% covered by protected areas and other effective area-based measures). UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>European Space Agency (ed.), ESA Space Environment Report 2026 (report page of 14 September 2026; data to end 2025; health index from about 4 to about 50; more than 300 launches and over 4,000 payloads in 2025). ESA, Darmstadt. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Antarctic Treaty Secretariat (ed.), Parties to the Antarctic Treaty (58 parties, 29 consultative; treaty in force 23 June 1961). Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty, Buenos Aires. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 5, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>International Court of Justice (ed.), Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change, advisory opinion of 23 July 2025 (case page; documents listed; holdings not read). ICJ, The Hague. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ed.), Request for an advisory opinion submitted by the Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law, Case No. 31, advisory opinion of 21 May 2024 (case page; unanimous; holdings not read). ITLOS, Hamburg. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Marine Stewardship Council (ed.), Five takeaways from the FAO SOFIA report 2026 (summary page of 19 June 2026; 62.4% of stocks sustainable against 64.5% two years earlier; 72.6% of landings from sustainable stocks; 235 million tonnes produced in 2024; trade USD 184 billion). MSC, London. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: FAO (ed.), The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2026, doi 10.4060\/cd8357en (release 16 June 2026), figures taken from the summary page in [21]; the FAO pages read returned no figures. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4060\/cd8357en\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.4060\/cd8357en<\/a> <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982), cited from memory; the UN status page returned no data. United Nations, New York. Observation year 1982. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (1991), cited from memory. Antarctic Treaty Secretariat, Buenos Aires. Observation year 1991. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (1967), cited from memory. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, Vienna. Observation year 1967. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Treaty concerning the Archipelago of Spitsbergen (1920), cited from memory. Observation year 1920. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ilulissat Declaration, Arctic Ocean Conference, 2008, cited from memory; no figure used. Observation year 2008. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: IPCC (ed.), Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, 2019, cited from memory; the IPCC page returned an access error. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: UNEP (ed.), Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on plastic pollution, session records for August 2025 and February 2026, taken from search-result summaries (no agreement in August 2025; one-day procedural session on 7 February 2026 elected a new chair); the UNEP page returned an access error. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Armstrong McKay, D.I. et al., Exceeding 1.5 \u00b0C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points, Science 377, eabn7950, 2022, cited from memory. AAAS. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Rockstr\u00f6m, J. et al., A safe operating space for humanity, Nature 461, 472 to 475, 2009, cited from memory. Springer Nature. Observation year 2009. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Richardson, K. et al., Earth beyond six of nine planetary boundaries, Science Advances 9, eadh2458, 2023, cited from memory. AAAS. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ditlevsen, P. and Ditlevsen, S., Warning of a forthcoming collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, Nature Communications 14, 4254, 2023, cited from memory; contested in the literature. Springer Nature. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Hardin, G., The tragedy of the commons, Science 162, 1243 to 1248, 1968, cited from memory. AAAS. Observation year 1968. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ostrom, E., Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990, cited from memory. Observation year 1990. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Sala, E. et al., Protecting the global ocean for biodiversity, food and climate, Nature 592, 397 to 402, 2021, cited from memory. Springer Nature. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: IPCC (ed.), Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis, Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report, cited from memory. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Kessler, D.J. and Cour-Palais, B.G., Collision frequency of artificial satellites: the creation of a debris belt, Journal of Geophysical Research 83, 2637 to 2646, 1978, cited from memory. Observation year 1978. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Convention on Biological Diversity, Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, decision 15\/4, December 2022 (Target 3 on protecting 30% of land and sea by 2030), cited from memory. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: IMO (ed.), 2023 IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships, resolution MEPC.377(80), July 2023, cited from memory; no figure used. International Maritime Organization, London. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>Herbert (ed.), MEPC ES2 Meeting Brief (law-firm briefing page dated 2026-01-20; adjournment of the Net-Zero Framework session by a vote of 57 in favour, 49 against and 21 abstentions after a one-year adjournment motion; opened as a pre-close source for [13]). Herbert, law-firm briefing. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-ref-42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>NOAA (ed.), NOAA advances review of first-ever deep seabed mining commercial recovery application (news release of 19 August 2026; application submitted 6 February 2026; found in full compliance with the information requirements of the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act; opened as a pre-close source for [14]). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cc-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cc-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cc-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.2<\/span><span>Publication record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Title<\/dt><dd>Strategic <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Report 2026: Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons, Baseline Edition<\/dd><dt>Series<\/dt><dd>Reports \u00b7 Strategic Systems Series SR-12<\/dd><dt>Edition<\/dt><dd>Baseline Edition 2026 \u00b7 inaugural annual<\/dd><dt>Version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 \u00b7 draft for stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Publication date<\/dt><dd>October 2026<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>concept and version DOI at deposit<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publisher<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Place<\/dt><dd>Toronto<\/dd><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor<\/dd><dt>Stewards<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 technical truth \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 public meaning \u00b7 GRA \u00b7 capital meaning<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>text CC BY 4.0; data on the terms of each source<\/dd><dt>Copyright<\/dt><dd>\u00a9 2026 GCRI \u00b7 Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Language<\/dt><dd>English (en-GB) source edition<\/dd><dt>Correspondence<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway \u00b7 editorial office<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">DISCLAIMER<\/p><p>This edition is published for research, planning and public understanding. It is not a government assessment, an official warning, a rating, a certification, investment advice or an operational authorisation. Reasonable care has been taken with every source; consult the cited originals before relying on any value.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Colophon<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Format<\/dt><dd>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF<\/dd><dt>Typefaces<\/dt><dd>Space Grotesk (display) \u00b7 Geist (text) \u00b7 IBM Plex Sans Italic (standfirsts) \u00b7 IBM Plex Mono (data)<\/dd><dt>Design standard<\/dt><dd>Reports Foundational Edition, Volume I, Part VII<\/dd><dt>Accessibility<\/dt><dd>tagged PDF and HTML targets; text alternatives for every figure<\/dd><dt>Production<\/dt><dd>Reports editorial team, GCRI<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HOW TO CORRECT THIS EDITION<\/p><p>Report errors, omissions or objections through the Registry correction pathway. Each report is logged and answered; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version, and the original remains resolvable.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Release path for this version<\/h3><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cc-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table C.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Release path for this version<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">When<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Draft<\/td><td>editorial self-check complete at evidence close<\/td><td>October 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Steward review<\/td><td>five passes on the exact draft (keys T \u00b7 M \u00b7 F \u00b7 N)<\/td><td>Q4 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approval<\/td><td>publication authority approves the exact digest<\/td><td>before release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deposit<\/td><td>concept and version DOI minted; registry pointer set<\/td><td>at release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Succession<\/td><td>the 2027 ocean and polar commons edition reports changes against this baseline<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Current version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 draft, stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Previous edition<\/dt><dd>none, first edition of the series<\/dd><dt>Next edition<\/dt><dd>NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2027-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Latest version<\/dt><dd>resolve the concept DOI or the registry record<\/dd><dt>Correction route<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway<\/dd><dt>Notice types<\/dt><dd>erratum \u00b7 addendum \u00b7 supersession \u00b7 withdrawal<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NO CORRECTIONS \u2260 NO LIMITS<\/p><p>The absence of corrections does not mean the absence of limitations. Limitations and uncertainty are stated where they arise in the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><div id=\"nx-nr-sr-12-corrections\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cc-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cc-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cc-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.3<\/span><span>Corrections log<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-corr\"><p class=\"nx-nr-corr-sum\"><span class=\"nx-nr-corr-n\">0<\/span><span>correction notices. No edition has been released yet, so none can be corrected; the log below lists each edition&#8217;s current version.<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Version<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Date<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Change<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Notice<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Edition\"><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">SR-12<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Version\" class=\"nx-rd-mono\">NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/td><td data-label=\"Date\">October 2026<\/td><td data-label=\"State\">Draft<\/td><td data-label=\"Change\">Baseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition,<\/td><td data-label=\"Notice\">None<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-rd-source\">Notice types: erratum, addendum, supersession, withdrawal. A correction is a new version with a published notice; the earlier version stays resolvable, and no edition is ever edited in silence.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-sr-12-outputs\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cc-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cc-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cc-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.4<\/span><span>Open record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-os\"><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>This edition&#8217;s open record<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Desk identifier and series alias<\/dt><dd>NR-STR-SR-12-2026-BL<\/dd><dt>Collection<\/dt><dd>None<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>Concept and version DOI at deposit, on Zenodo with DataCite metadata<\/dd><dt>Versions<\/dt><dd>Each correction is a new version (isNewVersionOf); the concept DOI resolves to the latest<\/dd><dt>Bundle<\/dt><dd>RO-Crate 1.2 with CITATION.cff, CodeMeta and PROV-O provenance; a signed manifest<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Credit and identity<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>ORCID<\/dt><dd>Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record<\/dd><dt>ROR<\/dt><dd>Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone<\/dd><dt>CRediT<\/dt><dd>Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing<\/dd><dt>Account<\/dt><dd>None needed to contribute; never a password<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Find and follow<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">Search the open indexes for Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons; software is cited by its SWHID from Software Heritage, and a quantified scenario run is preregistered on OSF before it is run. Annotation is your choice: Hypothesis opens this page in its own viewer.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-nr-os-links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/openalex.org\/works?search=Nexus%20Reports%20Oceans%2C%20Arctic%20and%20Global%20Commons\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAlex<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.openaire.eu\/search\/find?fv0=Nexus%20Reports%20Oceans%2C%20Arctic%20and%20Global%20Commons&amp;f0=q\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAIRE<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/search\/works?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Oceans%2C%20Arctic%20and%20Global%20Commons\" rel=\"noopener\">Crossref<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.datacite.org\/?query=Nexus%20Reports%20Oceans%2C%20Arctic%20and%20Global%20Commons\" rel=\"noopener\">DataCite Commons<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/search?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Oceans%2C%20Arctic%20and%20Global%20Commons\" rel=\"noopener\">Zenodo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.softwareheritage.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Software Heritage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/prereg\/\" rel=\"noopener\">OSF preregistration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/via.hypothes.is\/https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Annotate with Hypothesis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Mirrors and harvest<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">The DOI is canonical. At release each signed bundle is also given an IPFS content identifier and a bloxberg anchor as mirrors; both are listed in the record once they exist. Zenodo exposes every record over OAI-PMH, and reviews and endorsements can arrive through COAR Notify where the repository supports it.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><figure class=\"nx-nr-code\"><figcaption class=\"nx-nr-code-cap\">InvenioRDM metadata for a contribution on Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons, prefilled from this page<\/figcaption><pre class=\"nx-nr-pre\" tabindex=\"0\"><code>{&#10;  &quot;metadata&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;id&quot;: &quot;dataset&quot;&#10;    },&#10;    &quot;title&quot;: &quot;Evidence on Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons for Nexus Reports&quot;,&#10;    &quot;publication_date&quot;: &quot;YYYY-MM-DD&quot;,&#10;    &quot;creators&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;person_or_org&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;type&quot;: &quot;personal&quot;,&#10;          &quot;family_name&quot;: &quot;Your family name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;given_name&quot;: &quot;Your given name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;identifiers&quot;: [&#10;            {&#10;              &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;orcid&quot;,&#10;              &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;0000-0000-0000-0000&quot;&#10;            }&#10;          ]&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;affiliations&quot;: [&#10;          {&#10;            &quot;id&quot;: &quot;ROR identifier of your organisation&quot;&#10;          }&#10;        ]&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;description&quot;: &quot;What it is, where its record is kept and how it bears on Strategic Systems Report 2026: Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons.&quot;,&#10;    &quot;rights&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;id&quot;: &quot;cc-by-4.0&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;subjects&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Nexus Reports&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Strategic Systems Report \u00b7 SR-12&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;related_identifiers&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/&quot;,&#10;        &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;url&quot;,&#10;        &quot;relation_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;issupplementto&quot;&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;publication-report&quot;&#10;        }&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;version&quot;: &quot;1.0.0&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;custom_fields&quot;: {},&#10;  &quot;access&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;record&quot;: &quot;public&quot;,&#10;    &quot;files&quot;: &quot;public&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;files&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;enabled&quot;: true&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;parent&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;communities&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;default&quot;: &quot;nexusreports&quot;&#10;    }&#10;  }&#10;}<\/code><\/pre><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-hook\" data-nx-research-hub=\"slot\" data-nx-research-context=\"{&quot;org&quot;:&quot;GCRI&quot;,&quot;site&quot;:&quot;gcri&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;edition&quot;,&quot;subject&quot;:&quot;Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;Strategic Systems Report \u00b7 SR-12&quot;]}\" hidden><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-sr-12-pillars\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cc-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cc-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-sr-12-cc-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.5<\/span><span>Where this edition sits among the six pillars<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Foundry seals the evidence and Universe tests it; Reports publishes it; Standards takes its corrections and Academy teaches from it.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F03 Sealed observations and indicator series<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F04 After-action and scenario findings for<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F05 National Portfolio movement for chapter<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Applied in editions<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>: applied in editions.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>SR-12 edition<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Reports<\/span> Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons 2026, published in every format with its sources, citation and corrections.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F06 Method and correction findings as change<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F12 Q4 synthesis informs the next-year<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Taught in the open<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Academy<\/span> Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>What Foundry and Universe hand to this edition, and what it hands to Standards, Universe and Academy. From the programme spine; SR-12 is a drafted Baseline Edition, so these handoffs run from its first operational quarter.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Handoff<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Between<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What crosses, and when<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F03<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F04<\/span><\/td><td>Universe to Reports<\/td><td>After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F05<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus Standards to Reports<\/td><td>Nexus Standards: applied in editions.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F06<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Nexus Standards<\/td><td>Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F12<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Universe<\/td><td>Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"academy\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Risk Academy<\/td><td>Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-noprint\"><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Send evidence or a correction on Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the GCRI <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Evidence desk. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work. Sent to the wrong desk, it is forwarded, not refused.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI Systems Evidence desk<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Strategic Systems<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/#nx-sec-routing\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See which desk takes what you have<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The routing table opens the contribution page: what you have, the desk that takes it, how each contribution is reviewed and credited, and the licence.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/full#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><p class=\"nx-note\" data-nr-rights=\"true\"><a class=\"nx-link\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> Free to read. Text and figures: CC BY 4.0. Data: CC0 1.0. Authors keep copyright. Published by GCRI Canada.<\/p><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-sr-12-full-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-sr-12-full-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-sr-12-full-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/urban-flood\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Urban flood<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/risk-science\/risk-information-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Risk information standards and interoperability<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/data\/identification-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Identification (the UNI)<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script><style>@media print { @page { margin: 20mm 17mm 20mm 17mm; @top-left { content: \"Nexus Reports\"; font: 500 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @top-right { content: \"Strategic Systems Report 2026: Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons \\0000b7  Baseline Edition 2026\"; font: 400 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Sans\", sans-serif; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-left { content: \"NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE \\0000b7  Draft, not released\"; font: 400 7pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-center { content: \"CC BY 4.0. Free to read. Authors keep copyright.\"; font: 400 6.5pt \"IBM Plex Sans\", sans-serif; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-right { content: counter(page) \" \/ \" counter(pages); font: 500 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #000000; } } @page :first { @top-left { content: none; } @top-right { content: none; } } html, body { background: #ffffff; } nexus-header, nexus-footer, #wpadminbar, .site-header, .site-footer, #masthead, #colophon, .sidebar, .widget-area, .comments-area, .post-navigation, .entry-meta, .page-header, .elementor-location-header, .elementor-location-footer, body > header, body > footer { display: none; } .nxe-host { margin: 0; padding: 0; } }<\/style><script>(function () { var D = document; function hosts(f) { var h = D.querySelectorAll(\".nxe-host\"); for (var i = 0; i < h.length; i++) { f(h[i].shadowRoot ? h[i].shadowRoot : h[i]); } } function reveal() { hosts(function (r) { var b = r.querySelectorAll(\"[data-nrp-act][hidden]\"); for (var i = 0; i < b.length; i++) { b[i].hidden = false; } }); } function say(el, t) { var p = el; while (p) { var l = p.querySelector ? p.querySelector(\".nrp-live\") : null; if (l) { l.textContent = t; return; } p = p.parentElement; } } D.addEventListener(\"click\", function (e) { var path = e.composedPath ? e.composedPath() : [e.target]; for (var i = 0; i < path.length; i++) { var el = path[i]; var act = el.getAttribute ? el.getAttribute(\"data-nrp-act\") : null; if (act === \"print\") { window.print(); return; } if (act === \"copy\") { var t = el.getAttribute(\"data-nrp-text\"); if (navigator.clipboard) { navigator.clipboard.writeText(t).then(function () { say(el, \"Copied.\"); }, function () { say(el, \"CLIPBOARD_UNAVAILABLE: select the text and copy it.\"); }); } else { say(el, \"CLIPBOARD_UNAVAILABLE: select the text and copy it.\"); } return; } } }); if (D.readyState === \"loading\") { D.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", reveal); } else { reveal(); } addEventListener(\"load\", reveal); setTimeout(reveal, 1500); })();<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Report\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/full\/#report\",\"name\":\"Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons 2026: complete edition\",\"headline\":\"Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons 2026: complete edition\",\"description\":\"The complete Strategic Systems Report 2026: Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons at one address: cover, imprint, contents, every chapter and annex with endnotes.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/full\/#webpage\"},\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/#organization\",\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/\",\"alternateName\":\"GCRI\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/#organization\"},\"license\":\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\",\"isAccessibleForFree\":true,\"creativeWorkStatus\":\"Draft\"}]}<\/script>\n\n<!-- nx-rev:a7a02cd739cd5d53 -->\n<!-- nx-shared:47cceef0aa98 -->\n<!-- nx-path:\/editions\/sr-12\/full\/ -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The complete Strategic Systems Report 2026: Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons at one address: cover, imprint, contents, every chapter and annex with endnotes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"parent":696,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_buddyx_sub_header_visibility":"","_buddyx_sub_header_title_visibility":"","_hide_show_side_panel":"","_buddyxpro_page_sidebar":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_header":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_footer":"","_buddyxpro_page_content_width":"","_buddyxpro_page_header_style":"","_buddyxpro_page_color_mode":"","_buddyxpro_page_loader":"","_nx_seo_description":"The complete Strategic Systems Report 2026: Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons at one address: cover, imprint, contents, every chapter and annex with endnotes.","_nx_seo_title":"Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons 2026 | Reports GCRI","_nx_seo_image":"","_nx_seo_jsonld":"{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/full\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/full\/\",\"name\":\"Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons 2026: complete edition\",\"creativeWorkStatus\":\"Draft\",\"description\":\"The complete Strategic Systems Report 2026: Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons at one address: cover, imprint, contents, every chapter and annex with endnotes.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/#website\"},\"license\":\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/#organization\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/full\/#breadcrumbs\"}},{\"@type\":\"Report\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/full\/#complete\",\"name\":\"Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons 2026\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/full\/\",\"identifier\":[{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"NR\",\"value\":\"NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0\"},{\"@type\":\"PropertyValue\",\"propertyID\":\"NR-alias\",\"value\":\"NR-STR-SR-12-2026-BL\"}],\"reportNumber\":\"NR-STRATEGIC-COMMONS-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE\",\"version\":\"1.0.0\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"license\":\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\",\"creativeWorkStatus\":\"Draft\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/#organization\"},\"editor\":{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"Saeed Valadbaygi\",\"jobTitle\":\"Chief Steward and Managing Editor\",\"affiliation\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/#organization\"}},\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/#organization\"},\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/#report\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\",\"name\":\"Reports \u00b7 GCRI\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/#organization\",\"name\":\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\",\"alternateName\":\"GCRI\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/full\/#breadcrumbs\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Reports\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Editions: the Reports catalogue\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Strategic Systems Report 2026: Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"Oceans, Arctic and Global Commons 2026: complete edition\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/full\/\"}]}]}","_nx_i18n_locale":"","_nx_i18n_group":"","nexus_page_kind":"","footnotes":"","_nrp_robots":"noindex","_nrp_edition":"696","_nx_seo_image_alt":"","_nx_seo_canonical":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/sr-12\/full\/","_nx_seo_robots":"noindex,follow","_nx_seo_schema_type":"Report"},"class_list":["post-1534","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1534","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1534"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1534\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/696"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1534"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}