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\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\"><style>#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-tur-full.nxe{display:block;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:1180px;margin:0 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svg{display:none}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-tur-full.nxe svg.nx-i{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:-3px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-tur-full.nxe :where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-tur-full.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><div class=\"nrp\"><div class=\"nrp-wrap\"><p class=\"nrj-draft\" data-nrj-shared=\"draft\" role=\"note\"><strong>Draft, not yet released.<\/strong> In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.<\/p><article class=\"nrp-flow\"><header class=\"nrp-hero\"><div class=\"nrp-hero-grid\"><div><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Baseline Edition 2026<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Complete edition<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 class=\"pp-hero-title nrp-hero-title-l\">Turkiye Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026<\/h1><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The State of Turkiye\u2019s Interdependent Systems<\/p><div class=\"nrp-actions\"><button class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" type=\"button\" data-nrp-act=\"print\" hidden><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 18H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><path d=\"M6 9V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6\"\/><rect x=\"6\" y=\"14\" width=\"12\" height=\"8\" rx=\"1\"\/><\/svg>Print or save as PDF<\/button><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19 12H5\"\/><path d=\"m12 19-7-7 7-7\"\/><\/svg>Edition home<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nrp-note nrp-noprint\">Choose A4 or Letter in the print dialog; running heads and page numbers are added in print. This is a review copy: the signed PDF with its DOI is issued at release.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nrp-cover\"><div class=\"nrp-cover-top\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">TUR<\/span><\/div><span class=\"nrp-cover-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"nrp-cover-k\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-t\">Turkiye 2026<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-s\">The State of Turkiye\u2019s Interdependent Systems<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cover-foot\"><span>Baseline Edition 2026<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><span><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> for the Nexus Consortium<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block nrp-imprint\" aria-label=\"Imprint\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Imprint<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor, the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto<\/dd><dt>Report number<\/dt><dd class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026, cut NQ-TUR-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Status<\/dt><dd>Draft under stewardship review; not yet released<\/dd><dt>DOI and UNI<\/dt><dd>Issued at deposit<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>CC BY 4.0 for Nexus-authored text, tables and figures; third-party material keeps its own licence<\/dd><dt>Cite as<\/dt><dd>Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Turkiye <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk and Resilience Report 2026: The State of Turkiye\u2019s Interdependent Systems (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" aria-label=\"Contents\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Contents<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">\u00b7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-part-summary\">Executive summary<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-part-coupled-system\">Chapter 1. Turkiye\u2019s risk is seismic, climatic and import-dependent at once<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-part-findings\">Chapter 2. Key findings<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-part-systems-and-sectors\">Chapter 3. Systems and sectors at baseline<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-part-risk-and-capability\">Chapter 4. Risks and capability<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-part-scenario\">Chapter 5. A drought year across water, hydropower, wheat and budgets<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-part-lenses-and-readings\">Chapter 6. Readings from the other desks<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-part-agenda\">Chapter 7. The 2027 agenda<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">8<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-part-systems-in-depth\">Chapter 8. Systems in depth<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-part-methodology\">Annex A. Methodology<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-part-data\">Annex B. Data appendix<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-part-references\">Annex C. References and record<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-part-summary\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/\">Turkiye 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Executive summary<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Executive summary<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The edition on a few pages: the abstract, the key messages, the headline finding and what each steward reads in it.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>17 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.1<\/span><span>Abstract<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>Turkiye enters 2027 with rising emissions, a power fleet that has become mostly renewable by capacity, and a hazard regime that joins great earthquakes, drought and fire. Greenhouse-gas emissions were 584.5 Mt CO\u2082e in 2024, up 5.3% on 2023, and energy supplied 71.8% of the total<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>. The second climate contribution, submitted in November 2025, limits 2035 emissions to 643 Mt CO\u2082e including land use, which is 466 Mt below the business-as-usual path, and the national goal is net zero by 2053<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>. Renewables were 62.3% of installed power capacity at the end of 2025, yet coal still produced 34% of electricity, about two-thirds of it from imported coal<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>, and about 67% of primary energy was imported in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>. The earthquakes of 6 February 2023 killed about 53,500 people across 11 provinces, and the government assessment put recovery and reconstruction needs at about USD 103.6 billion<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>. 2025 was the fifth warmest year in the 55-year record, with rainfall 27.6% below the 1991\u20132020 mean<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>, and the wheat harvest fell to about 17.9 million tonnes<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup>. This Baseline Edition fixes the reference state for Turkiye\u2019s water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, maps the couplings through which seismic, climate and supply shocks travel, and sets the questions the first operational edition will answer with Foundry evidence in Q1 2027. Where a figure could not be bound to a published source, the page says so. It ranks nothing and decides nothing.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.2<\/span><span>Key messages<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Six readings that frame the Turkiye baseline, and the eight questions this edition answers, each with its status and source.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-km\"><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">584.5 Mt CO\u2082e in 2024, up 5.3% on 2023.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Where do emissions stand?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">The 2023 earthquakes killed about 53,500 people, and a magnitude 6.2 event struck Marmara in April 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How exposed is Turkiye to great earthquakes?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Renewables are 62.3% of capacity, yet about 67% of primary energy is imported.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How secure is energy supply?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Wheat output fell 13.7% in the 2025 drought and is estimated to recover in 2026.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How secure is food?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">About 1,308 m\u00b3 per person in 2024, below the common stress threshold.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How tight is water?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Not bound: no national heat-death series was retrieved. Ministry of Health<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Is heat a health hazard?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not bound<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">About 42% of residential units lack compulsory <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> cover.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Who carries the losses?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">A drought year cutting water, hydropower, wheat and household budgets together. SCN-TUR-DRT-01<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What will Q1 2027 test first?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.3<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-SEI-005<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">The earthquakes of 6 February 2023 killed about 53,500 people across 11 provinces, and the government assessment put recovery and reconstruction needs at about USD 103.6 billion, or about 9% of forecast 2023 GDP.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure S.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-fig1-t\">The 2023 earthquakes: deaths and costs<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Deaths (thousands)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"51.6\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">\u224853.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Recovery and reconstruction need, TERRA (USD billion)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">\u2248103.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Direct physical damage, GRADE (USD billion)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"33.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">&gt;34.2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Sources: TMMOB report on official figures<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>; World Bank GRADE<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>; TERRA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>. Units differ and the two cost figures measure different things.<\/p><\/figure><p class=\"nrp-p\">One event reached housing, health, power, transport and public finance across 11 provinces at once. The recovery need set against national output shows the fiscal weight of a single seismic shock<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>. A separate published estimate gives a substantial probability of a magnitude 7 or larger <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> beneath the Sea of Marmara, next to Istanbul, between 2004 and 2034<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.4<\/span><span>At a glance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">86.09<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>population, 31 December 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">34.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">years<\/span><p>median age, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">584.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>emissions, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224867<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>primary energy imported, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">122.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">GW<\/span><p>installed power capacity, end 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">93.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>living in province and district centres, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.5<\/span><span>What each steward reads in it<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of Turkiye\u2019s risk: great earthquakes dominate the tail, drought has become a recurring stress, and import dependence carries shocks into energy and food.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as an earthquake, a dry summer or a price rise.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. About 58% of residential units hold compulsory earthquake cover, a national emissions trading system is in pilot preparation, and recovery needs after 2023 were large.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>Turkiye is building clean power quickly, yet water, food and fuel still depend on rainfall and imports.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.6<\/span><span>What this edition is, and is not<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What this edition is<\/h3><p>A baseline: the state of Turkiye\u2019s water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in 2026, the dependencies that connect them, the risks that travel through them and the capabilities that hold them. It sets out the questions the operational series will answer.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What it is not<\/h3><p>Not a national <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/glossary\/risk-assessment\/\" data-tgl=\"Nexus Standards glossary\">risk assessment<\/a>, an official warning or a rating. It decides nothing about any institution or asset. Competent authorities keep every mandate they hold, and national ownership of the series is unaffected.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What comes next<\/h3><p>Q1 2027 opens the operational series with a sealed Foundry evidence cut. Each later edition reports what changed against this baseline, new observations, source revisions, method changes, scenario updates and corrections.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statistics, 1990\u20132024. TurkStat, Ankara, 27 March 2026. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> (ed.), \u201cT\u00fcrkiye submits its second Nationally Determined Contribution to the United Nations.\u201d Ankara, November 2025. Observation year 2035 target.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye: 2035 NDC assessment. Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, Berlin, 2025\u20132026. Observation year 2035 target.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Electricity Review 2026. Ember, London, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (ed.), installed power capacity at the end of 2025, as reported by SolarQuarter citing SHURA. Ankara, 22 January 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (ed.), Primary Energy Mix of T\u00fcrkiye 2024, presentation at the IENE conference. Ankara and Athens, 19 March 2026. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (ed.), Report on the first year after the 6 February 2023 earthquakes, citing official figures. TMMOB, Ankara, 2024. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank and GFDRR (eds.), Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) Report: February 6, 2023 Kahramanmara\u015f Earthquakes, T\u00fcrkiye Report. World Bank, Washington DC, February 2023. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Presidency of the Republic of T\u00fcrkiye, Strategy and Budget Office (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Earthquakes Recovery and Reconstruction Assessment (TERRA). Ankara, March 2023, with UNDP, World Bank and EU support. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Turkish State Meteorological Service (ed.), 2025 Climate Assessment of T\u00fcrkiye (in Turkish). MGM, Ankara, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Crop Production Statistics 2025, as reported by eFeedLink. Ankara, 30 December 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Al Jazeera (ed.), \u201cMagnitude 6.2 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> jolts T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Istanbul,\u201d reporting AFAD data. Doha, 23 April 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: T\u00fcrkiye. FAO, Rome, reference date 7 September 2026. Observation years 2025\u20132026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>State Hydraulic Works (DS\u0130), per-person annual water availability 2000 and 2024, as reported by Anadolu Agency and Milliyet. Ankara, 2025. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool (DASK), compulsory <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> insurance coverage, as reported by Daily Sabah. Ankara and Istanbul, August 2026. Observation year 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>T. Parsons, \u201cRecalculated probability of M \u2265 7 earthquakes beneath the Sea of Marmara, Turkey,\u201d Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol. 109, B05304, 2004. doi:10.1029\/2003JB002667. Observation period 2004\u20132034. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2003JB002667\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1029\/2003JB002667<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cs-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Address Based Population Registration System Results 2025. TurkStat, Ankara, 9 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-part-coupled-system\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/\">Turkiye 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 1<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Turkiye\u2019s risk is seismic, climatic and import-dependent at once<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Part I describes systems and their couplings. It assesses no authority and ranks no province.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>8 min read<\/span><span>2 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>23 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.1<\/span><span>The questions this part answers<\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Key questions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Where is Turkiye\u2019s risk concentrated, and in which <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>?<\/li><li>Which couplings carry shocks from one system to the next?<\/li><li>Which capabilities hold under compound stress, and which are only documented?<\/li><li>What must the 2027 programme measure first?<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">In this part<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Narrative<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Headline finding<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Lead figure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Five system chapters<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Twelve-domain reading<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Sector screens<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Dependency matrix<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Risk objects<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Capability ladder<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Scenario<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Three lenses<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Portfolio<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.2<\/span><span>The argument<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>Turkiye sits on active faults, in a drying Mediterranean climate, with a large and fast-growing economy that buys most of its energy abroad. This baseline reads its exposure as three forces acting together: great earthquakes, a warming and drying climate, and dependence on imported fuel and food inputs.<\/p><p>The seismic layer dominates the tail. The earthquakes of 6 February 2023 killed about 53,500 people across 11 provinces home to about 14 million people<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>. The government assessment put recovery and reconstruction needs at about USD 103.6 billion, and the World Bank rapid estimate of direct physical damage exceeded USD 34.2 billion; the two measure different things and are not added<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>. A magnitude 6.2 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> in the Sea of Marmara on 23 April 2025 was a reminder of the exposure of the Istanbul region<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>, and a published estimate gives a 53 \u00b1 18% probability of a magnitude 7 or larger event beneath the Sea of Marmara between 2004 and 2034<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The climate layer is moving. 2025 averaged 15.1 \u00b0C, 1.2 \u00b0C above the 1991\u20132020 mean, and rainfall was 27.6% below it<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>. Per-person renewable water was about 1,308 m\u00b3 in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup>, Istanbul\u2019s reservoirs held 24.7% on 17 October 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup>, and about 684 sinkholes have been counted on the Konya Plain, where groundwater is being drawn down<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup>. Wildfires burned 81,473 ha of forest land in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The energy layer is changing quickly but still leans on imports. Renewables reached 62.3% of installed capacity at the end of 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>, and wind and solar produced about 22% of electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>. Coal still produced 34%, about two-thirds of it imported<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>, and about 67% of primary energy was imported in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The demographic layer is younger than in many large economies: the median age was 34.9 years and 11.1% of the population was 65 or over in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup>. The country also hosts a large foreign and refugee population<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup>. Its population is concentrated in cities, with 93.6% living in province and district centres<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>This edition therefore reads Turkiye\u2019s risk as a property of the couplings between these forces. The matrix, risk objects, capability ladder and scenario that follow ask the same two questions: where does a shock travel next, and who holds the capability to stop it?<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-fig1-t\">How is Turkiye\u2019s 2024 emissions total built up? Greenhouse-gas emissions by sector (Mt CO\u2082e)<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Energy supplies 71.8% of the 2024 total. The 2035 limit of 643 Mt CO\u2082e includes land use and is set against a business-as-usual path of 1,109 Mt, so it cannot be read directly against this table<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Energy<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">419.9<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Industrial processes<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"18.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">75.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Agriculture<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"17.5\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">73.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Waste<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"3.7\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">15.4<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: as cited in the note to this figure. Year 2024.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Figure ID FIG-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-01-003<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">584.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>total emissions, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">6.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">t CO\u2082e<\/span><p>per person, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">466<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt<\/span><p>below business as usual by 2035<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2053<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">net zero<\/span><p>national goal<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.3<\/span><span>Twenty couplings between five systems<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The Turkiye matrix types the twenty couplings between the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events; they set the starting graph that the Q1 2027 Foundry cut will test.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-fig2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-fig2-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-fig2-t\">Couplings between the five systems<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Each line is one coupling from one system to another, drawn by the strength the edition assigns. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events.<\/p><\/figcaption><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-ring\" viewBox=\"0 0 340 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Coupling ring: 20 typed couplings between water, energy, food, health and biodiversity. The matrix in the next table carries every value.\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><ul class=\"nrp-legend\"><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"STRONG\"><\/span>Strong<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"MODERATE\"><\/span>Moderate<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"WEAK\"><\/span>Weak<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: this edition&#8217;s coupling matrix (Table 1.1); status Estimated.<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling matrix: from the row system to the column system<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">From, to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">WAT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">ENE<\/th><th scope=\"col\">FOO<\/th><th scope=\"col\">HLT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">BIO<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><b>WAT<\/b> Water<\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">nuclear cooling \u00b7 hydro<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">irrigation \u00b7 rain-fed yield<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">drinking water<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>ENE<\/b> Energy<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pumping \u00b7 treatment<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fuel \u00b7 fertiliser \u00b7 cold chain<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">facility power \u00b7 cooling<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">reservoirs \u00b7 land use<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>FOO<\/b> Food<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">withdrawals \u00b7 nutrients<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">biofuel feedstock<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">nutrition \u00b7 food safety<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">land conversion<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>HLT<\/b> Health<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">labour \u00b7 disease<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">residues<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>BIO<\/b> Biodiversity<\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fire on lines \u00b7 biomass<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pollination \u00b7 soils<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">zoonoses \u00b7 smoke<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"6\">Strength: strong, moderate or weak; a Nexus estimate (status Estimated) from cited evidence and analogue events. The scale is defined in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Transmission paths<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">SEI \u2192 INF \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">A great <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> damages housing and lifelines across a province group.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> 6 February 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">SEI \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Recovery needs weigh on public finance and insurance pools.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> TERRA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 DASK<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">A dry year lowers reservoirs and groundwater and cuts the wheat harvest.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 ENE<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Persistent drought reduces hydropower output.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> Ember<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">TRD \u2192 ENE \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Import dependence passes fuel prices into the energy bill.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> 2025 bill<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.4<\/span><span>Reinforcing loops<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A shock entering either system of a loop can return amplified through the other.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Pairs of systems where both directions are rated strong<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Loop<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First direction<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Second direction<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Water to biodiversity: flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/td><td>Biodiversity to water: regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Food to biodiversity: land conversion<\/td><td>Biodiversity to food: pollination \u00b7 soils<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"3\">A causal-loop reading of the matrix (Sterman, Business Dynamics, 2000): structural, from estimated strengths, not a measured feedback.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (ed.), Report on the first year after the 6 February 2023 earthquakes, citing official figures. TMMOB, Ankara, 2024. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank and GFDRR (eds.), Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) Report: February 6, 2023 Kahramanmara\u015f Earthquakes, T\u00fcrkiye Report. World Bank, Washington DC, February 2023. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Presidency of the Republic of T\u00fcrkiye, Strategy and Budget Office (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Earthquakes Recovery and Reconstruction Assessment (TERRA). Ankara, March 2023, with UNDP, World Bank and EU support. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Al Jazeera (ed.), \u201cMagnitude 6.2 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> jolts T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Istanbul,\u201d reporting AFAD data. Doha, 23 April 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>T. Parsons, \u201cRecalculated probability of M \u2265 7 earthquakes beneath the Sea of Marmara, Turkey,\u201d Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol. 109, B05304, 2004. doi:10.1029\/2003JB002667. Observation period 2004\u20132034. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2003JB002667\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1029\/2003JB002667<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Turkish State Meteorological Service (ed.), 2025 Climate Assessment of T\u00fcrkiye (in Turkish). MGM, Ankara, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>State Hydraulic Works (DS\u0130), per-person annual water availability 2000 and 2024, as reported by Anadolu Agency and Milliyet. Ankara, 2025. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (\u0130SK\u0130), reservoir occupancy of 17 October 2025, as reported by TRT Haber. Istanbul, October 2025. Observation date 17 October 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Reuters, \u201cSinkholes in Turkey\u2019s agricultural heartland fuel farmers\u2019 concerns,\u201d with AFAD assessment of 684 sinkholes, as published by Al-Monitor and The Star. 23 December 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>General Directorate of Forestry (OGM), 2025 forest-fire statistics, as reported by Turkish Minute. Ankara, 11 March 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (ed.), installed power capacity at the end of 2025, as reported by SolarQuarter citing SHURA. Ankara, 22 January 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Electricity Review 2026. Ember, London, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (ed.), Primary Energy Mix of T\u00fcrkiye 2024, presentation at the IENE conference. Ankara and Athens, 19 March 2026. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Address Based Population Registration System Results 2025. TurkStat, Ankara, 9 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Elderly Statistics 2025. TurkStat, Ankara, March 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNHCR (ed.), Annual Results Report 2025: T\u00fcrkiye. UNHCR, Geneva, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statistics, 1990\u20132024. TurkStat, Ankara, 27 March 2026. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> (ed.), \u201cT\u00fcrkiye submits its second Nationally Determined Contribution to the United Nations.\u201d Ankara, November 2025. Observation year 2035 target.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye: 2035 NDC assessment. Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, Berlin, 2025\u20132026. Observation year 2035 target.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Grand National Assembly of T\u00fcrkiye (ed.), Climate Law, Law No. 7552. Official Gazette No. 32951, Ankara, 9 July 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool (DASK), compulsory <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> insurance coverage, as reported by Daily Sabah. Ankara and Istanbul, August 2026. Observation year 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Crop Production Statistics 2025, as reported by eFeedLink. Ankara, 30 December 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c1-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>SHURA Energy Transition Center (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Energy Transition Outlook 2025. SHURA, Istanbul, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c1-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-part-findings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/\">Turkiye 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 2<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Key findings<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Twelve findings carry the baseline. They are grouped by system, never ranked. Each resolves to its source or, where Nexus analysis is involved, to its stated method.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>24 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.1<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-SEI-005\">NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-SEI-005<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">The earthquakes of 6 February 2023 killed about 53,500 people across 11 provinces, and the government assessment put recovery and reconstruction needs at about USD 103.6 billion, or about 9% of forecast 2023 GDP.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 2.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-fig1-t\">The 2023 earthquakes: deaths and costs<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Deaths (thousands)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"51.6\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">\u224853.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Recovery and reconstruction need, TERRA (USD billion)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">\u2248103.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Direct physical damage, GRADE (USD billion)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"33.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">&gt;34.2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Sources: TMMOB report on official figures<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>; World Bank GRADE<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>; TERRA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>. Units differ and the two cost figures measure different things.<\/p><\/figure><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Implication<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">One event reached housing, health, power, transport and public finance across 11 provinces at once. The recovery need set against national output shows the fiscal weight of a single seismic shock<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>. A separate published estimate gives a substantial probability of a magnitude 7 or larger <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> beneath the Sea of Marmara, next to Istanbul, between 2004 and 2034<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What would move it<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">Progress on building-stock assessment and retrofit in the Marmara region, the next long-term seismic evaluations, and insurance take-up would each move this finding.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.2<\/span><span>Climate forcing<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\">NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Greenhouse-gas emissions were 584.5 Mt CO\u2082e in 2024, up 5.3% on 2023, or 6.8 t per person; energy supplied 71.8% of the total. The 2035 limit is 643 Mt CO\u2082e including land use, with net zero by 2053.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-CLI-004\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-CLI-004\">NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-CLI-004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">2025 averaged 15.1 \u00b0C, 1.2 \u00b0C above the 1991\u20132020 mean, with areal rainfall of 414.9 mm, 27.6% below that mean; 1,011 extreme events were recorded.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.3<\/span><span>Energy<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-ENE-002\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-ENE-002\">NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-ENE-002<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Renewables were 62.3% of the 122.5 GW of installed power capacity at the end of 2025, and wind and solar produced about 22% of electricity; coal still produced 34%, about two-thirds of it from imported coal.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-ENE-003\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-ENE-003\">NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-ENE-003<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">About 67% of primary energy was imported in 2024, and the 2025 energy import bill was USD 62.5 billion.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.4<\/span><span>SEI<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-SEI-005\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-SEI-005\">NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-SEI-005<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The earthquakes of 6 February 2023 killed about 53,500 people across 11 provinces home to about 14 million people; the government assessment put recovery needs at about USD 103.6 billion.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-SEI-006\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-SEI-006\">NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-SEI-006<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">A magnitude 6.2 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> struck the Sea of Marmara off Istanbul on 23 April 2025, and a published estimate gives a 53 \u00b1 18% probability of a magnitude 7 or larger event beneath the Sea of Marmara in 2004\u20132034.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.5<\/span><span>Water<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-WAT-007\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-WAT-007\">NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-WAT-007<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Renewable water per person fell from 1,652 m\u00b3 in 2000 to about 1,308 m\u00b3 in 2024; Istanbul\u2019s reservoirs held 24.7% on 17 October 2025, and about 684 sinkholes have been counted on the Konya Plain.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.6<\/span><span>Food<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-FOO-008\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-FOO-008\">NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-FOO-008<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The 2025 wheat harvest was about 17.9 million tonnes, down 13.7%; FAO estimates a record 22.8 million tonnes for 2026, and annual food inflation was about 38% in July 2026.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.7<\/span><span>Health<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-HLT-009\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-HLT-009\">NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-HLT-009<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">9.58 million people, 11.1% of the population, were aged 65 or over in 2025; the foreign population was 1.52 million, and about 2.4 million Syrians were under temporary protection at the end of 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.8<\/span><span>Biodiversity<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-BIO-010\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-BIO-010\">NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-BIO-010<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Wildfires burned 81,473 ha of forest land in 2025, and about 3.8 million ha were under legal protection at the end of 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.9<\/span><span>Finance<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-FIN-011\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-FIN-011\">NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-FIN-011<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The compulsory <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> insurance pool covered 11.7 million homes, 58% of residential units, in 2026; about 42% were uninsured.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.10<\/span><span>Systemic<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\">NRF-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The leading compound pathway for 2027 testing is a drought year that cuts water, hydropower, wheat output and household budgets together. \u00a79.3<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (ed.), Report on the first year after the 6 February 2023 earthquakes, citing official figures. TMMOB, Ankara, 2024. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank and GFDRR (eds.), Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) Report: February 6, 2023 Kahramanmara\u015f Earthquakes, T\u00fcrkiye Report. World Bank, Washington DC, February 2023. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Presidency of the Republic of T\u00fcrkiye, Strategy and Budget Office (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Earthquakes Recovery and Reconstruction Assessment (TERRA). Ankara, March 2023, with UNDP, World Bank and EU support. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>T. Parsons, \u201cRecalculated probability of M \u2265 7 earthquakes beneath the Sea of Marmara, Turkey,\u201d Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol. 109, B05304, 2004. doi:10.1029\/2003JB002667. Observation period 2004\u20132034. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2003JB002667\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1029\/2003JB002667<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statistics, 1990\u20132024. TurkStat, Ankara, 27 March 2026. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> (ed.), \u201cT\u00fcrkiye submits its second Nationally Determined Contribution to the United Nations.\u201d Ankara, November 2025. Observation year 2035 target.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye: 2035 NDC assessment. Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, Berlin, 2025\u20132026. Observation year 2035 target.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Turkish State Meteorological Service (ed.), 2025 Climate Assessment of T\u00fcrkiye (in Turkish). MGM, Ankara, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Electricity Review 2026. Ember, London, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (ed.), installed power capacity at the end of 2025, as reported by SolarQuarter citing SHURA. Ankara, 22 January 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (ed.), Primary Energy Mix of T\u00fcrkiye 2024, presentation at the IENE conference. Ankara and Athens, 19 March 2026. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>SHURA Energy Transition Center (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Energy Transition Outlook 2025. SHURA, Istanbul, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Al Jazeera (ed.), \u201cMagnitude 6.2 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> jolts T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Istanbul,\u201d reporting AFAD data. Doha, 23 April 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>State Hydraulic Works (DS\u0130), per-person annual water availability 2000 and 2024, as reported by Anadolu Agency and Milliyet. Ankara, 2025. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (\u0130SK\u0130), reservoir occupancy of 17 October 2025, as reported by TRT Haber. Istanbul, October 2025. Observation date 17 October 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Reuters, \u201cSinkholes in Turkey\u2019s agricultural heartland fuel farmers\u2019 concerns,\u201d with AFAD assessment of 684 sinkholes, as published by Al-Monitor and The Star. 23 December 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: T\u00fcrkiye. FAO, Rome, reference date 7 September 2026. Observation years 2025\u20132026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Crop Production Statistics 2025, as reported by eFeedLink. Ankara, 30 December 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Address Based Population Registration System Results 2025. TurkStat, Ankara, 9 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Elderly Statistics 2025. TurkStat, Ankara, March 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNHCR (ed.), Annual Results Report 2025: T\u00fcrkiye. UNHCR, Geneva, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>General Directorate of Forestry (OGM), 2025 forest-fire statistics, as reported by Turkish Minute. Ankara, 11 March 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (ed.), legally protected areas at the end of 2025, as reported by Daily Sabah. Ankara, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c2-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool (DASK), compulsory <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> insurance coverage, as reported by Daily Sabah. Ankara and Istanbul, August 2026. Observation year 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c2-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-part-systems-and-sectors\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/\">Turkiye 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 3<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems and sectors at baseline<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>16 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.1<\/span><span>Where each system stood at evidence close<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WAT \u00b7 Water<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Renewable water per person, a year<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,308<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">m\u00b3<\/span><p>Down from 1,652 m\u00b3 in 2000, and below the 1,700 m\u00b3 level commonly used as the water-stress threshold.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>DS\u0130 via press<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">ENE \u00b7 Energy<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Renewables in installed power capacity<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">62.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Coal still produced 34% of electricity in 2025.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>ETKB<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 Ember<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FOO \u00b7 Food<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Wheat harvest<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">17.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt<\/span><p>Down 13.7% on 2024; FAO estimates a record 22.8 Mt for 2026.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>TurkStat via press<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 FAO<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HLT \u00b7 Health<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Population aged 65 or over<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">11.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Median age 34.9 years; heat-health data are not bound in this edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>TurkStat<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">BIO \u00b7 Biodiversity<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Forest land burned<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">81,473<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">ha<\/span><p>3,224 fires; the cause of 1,012 fires, burning 37,626 ha, was not determined.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>OGM via press<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SYS \u00b7 Cross-system<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Recovery and reconstruction need after the 2023 earthquakes<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">103.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">USD billion<\/span><p>About 53,500 deaths in 11 provinces.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2023<\/span><span>TERRA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 TMMOB<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.2<\/span><span>Domain posture<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each of the twelve coupled domains is read in words, not scored. The coupling column names the dependency that carries risk into other <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Each domain read in words, not scored<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Domain<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Posture at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT<\/span><\/td><td>About 1,308 m\u00b3 per person; reservoir and groundwater stress in drought years; Konya sinkholes.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT \u2192 FOO \u00b7 WAT \u2194 ENE<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE<\/span><\/td><td>Renewables are 62.3% of capacity; coal still 34% of electricity; about 67% of primary energy imported.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE \u2190 TRD \u00b7 ENE \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO<\/span><\/td><td>Wheat output fell 13.7% in 2025 and is estimated to recover in 2026; food inflation about 38% in July 2026.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO \u2190 WAT, CLI, TRD<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT<\/span><\/td><td>Younger than many peers; 11.1% aged 65 or over; heat-health burden not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT \u2190 CLI, SEI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO<\/span><\/td><td>81,473 ha of forest burned in 2025; protected-area share not bound to one definition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO \u2194 WAT, FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CLI<\/span><\/td><td>2025 was 1.2 \u00b0C above the 1991\u20132020 mean with rainfall 27.6% below it.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">forcing on all systems<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF<\/span><\/td><td>Dense urban housing and lifeline stock in seismic zones; condition not bound at public-safe resolution.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN<\/span><\/td><td>About 58% of residential units hold compulsory <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> cover; recovery needs of USD 103.6 billion in 2023.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN \u2190 SEI, CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT<\/span><\/td><td>Digital dependencies of lifelines not mapped at public-safe resolution.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT \u2192 ENE, FIN<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC<\/span><\/td><td>Data-centre and compute demand for power and water not bound in this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC \u2192 ENE, WAT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN<\/span><\/td><td>Imported fuels and coal; critical-mineral dependence not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN \u2190 TRD<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD<\/span><\/td><td>A large trading economy that imports most of its primary energy; USD 62.5 billion energy bill in 2025.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.3<\/span><span>Sector screens<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">All sixteen sectors are screened on the same grammar, so that later editions can say what changed. The evidence column describes coverage of the baseline evidence, not the performance of the sector.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Sectors: baseline evidence and the exposure to watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Code<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Sector<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Exposure to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-00<\/span><\/td><td>Cross-system<\/td><td>compound seismic, drought and import stress<\/td><td>drought year; Marmara <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a><\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-01<\/span><\/td><td>Water<\/td><td>per-person supply 1,308 m\u00b3<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>drought; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.groundwater-depletion\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"Aquifers drawn down faster than they refill, lowering wells and driving land subsidence and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">groundwater depletion<\/a><\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-02<\/span><\/td><td>Energy<\/td><td>renewables 62.3% of capacity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>import disruption; hydropower under drought<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-03<\/span><\/td><td>Food<\/td><td>wheat 17.9 Mt in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>short harvest; import prices<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-04<\/span><\/td><td>Health<\/td><td>median age 34.9<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat and care load; data not bound<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-05<\/span><\/td><td>Finance<\/td><td>recovery need USD 103.6 billion<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>catastrophe fiscal cost<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-06<\/span><\/td><td>Development<\/td><td>urban population share 93.6%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>service demand in cities<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-07<\/span><\/td><td>Climate<\/td><td>2025 at +1.2 \u00b0C<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat and drought<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-08<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster<\/td><td>official records and assessments<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>great earthquakes; fire<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-09<\/span><\/td><td>Infrastructure<\/td><td>power fleet 122.5 GW<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>seismic and fire exposure<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-10<\/span><\/td><td>Cities<\/td><td>concentrated urban population<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>quake, heat and supply stress<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-11<\/span><\/td><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>about 3.8 million ha protected<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>fire; land-use change<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-12<\/span><\/td><td>Earth observation<\/td><td>national climate and seismic monitoring<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>continuity<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-13<\/span><\/td><td>Cyber and digital<\/td><td>dependencies not yet mapped<\/td><td>systemic outages<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-14<\/span><\/td><td>Policy<\/td><td>Climate Law in force<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>implementation rules<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-15<\/span><\/td><td>Science<\/td><td>peer-reviewed seismic literature<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>translation to provinces<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>State Hydraulic Works (DS\u0130), per-person annual water availability 2000 and 2024, as reported by Anadolu Agency and Milliyet. Ankara, 2025. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (ed.), installed power capacity at the end of 2025, as reported by SolarQuarter citing SHURA. Ankara, 22 January 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Electricity Review 2026. Ember, London, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Crop Production Statistics 2025, as reported by eFeedLink. Ankara, 30 December 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: T\u00fcrkiye. FAO, Rome, reference date 7 September 2026. Observation years 2025\u20132026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Elderly Statistics 2025. TurkStat, Ankara, March 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Address Based Population Registration System Results 2025. TurkStat, Ankara, 9 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>General Directorate of Forestry (OGM), 2025 forest-fire statistics, as reported by Turkish Minute. Ankara, 11 March 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Presidency of the Republic of T\u00fcrkiye, Strategy and Budget Office (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Earthquakes Recovery and Reconstruction Assessment (TERRA). Ankara, March 2023, with UNDP, World Bank and EU support. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (ed.), Report on the first year after the 6 February 2023 earthquakes, citing official figures. TMMOB, Ankara, 2024. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Turkish State Meteorological Service (ed.), 2025 Climate Assessment of T\u00fcrkiye (in Turkish). MGM, Ankara, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank and GFDRR (eds.), Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) Report: February 6, 2023 Kahramanmara\u015f Earthquakes, T\u00fcrkiye Report. World Bank, Washington DC, February 2023. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (ed.), legally protected areas at the end of 2025, as reported by Daily Sabah. Ankara, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Al Jazeera (ed.), \u201cMagnitude 6.2 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> jolts T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Istanbul,\u201d reporting AFAD data. Doha, 23 April 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Grand National Assembly of T\u00fcrkiye (ed.), Climate Law, Law No. 7552. Official Gazette No. 32951, Ankara, 9 July 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c3-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>T. Parsons, \u201cRecalculated probability of M \u2265 7 earthquakes beneath the Sea of Marmara, Turkey,\u201d Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol. 109, B05304, 2004. doi:10.1029\/2003JB002667. Observation period 2004\u20132034. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2003JB002667\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1029\/2003JB002667<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c3-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-part-risk-and-capability\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/\">Turkiye 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 4<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Risks and capability<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Four risk objects open the portfolio. Order carries no rank. Each is read across driver, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, cascade and consequence.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>3 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>8 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.1<\/span><span>Risk objects<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each risk is read across the chain from hazard to consequence, with its status and evidence-quality level.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-TUR-SEI-001<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Marmara-region or North Anatolian great earthquake<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>rupture of faults beneath or near the Sea of Marmara<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>the Istanbul region and nearby provinces<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>building-stock condition not bound in this edition<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>compulsory insurance pool; response agency<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>SEI \u2192 INF, ENE, HLT, FIN<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>30 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-TUR-CLI-002<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Multi-year drought and water stress<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>lower rainfall and higher temperature<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>cities, irrigated farmland, hydropower<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>groundwater drawdown; reservoir storage<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>storage and transfer works; demand management not bound<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 FOO, ENE<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>annual to 5 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-TUR-ENE-003<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Fuel and gas import disruption<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>price spike or supply interruption<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>power, industry, households<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>about 67% of primary energy imported<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>renewable fleet; storage depth not bound<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>TRD \u2192 ENE \u2192 FOO, FIN<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1\u20135 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-TUR-FOO-004<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Short harvest and import price exposure<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>drought or <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.frost\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"Ice deposits on surfaces and plants when temperature drops to freezing, including ground frost that damages seedlings and blossoms.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">frost<\/a> in a growing season<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>wheat, feed and household food budgets<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>dependence on imports in short years<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>stock and trade policy not bound<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 FOO \u2192 FIN<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>seasonal<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.2<\/span><span>Capability ladder<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Existence is not readiness. Each of the fifteen capability functions is placed on the ladder by the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 4.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Capabilities on the ladder of evidence: listed, exists, demonstrated, tested<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Function<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rung<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Level<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Strongest public evidence at baseline<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Prevention and mitigation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: building and land-use registers \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoring and observation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>national climate monitoring and seismic reporting are in continuous use<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c4-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c4-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: AFAD and MGM warning records \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preparedness and planning<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: national disaster plans \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Redundancy and reserves<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: energy, grain and water reserve data \u00b7 blocker: not published in bound form<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Response<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>national forest-fire response recorded 3,224 fires in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c4-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>; wider response capacity not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Continuity of critical services<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: utility restoration records \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recovery<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>government recovery assessment of USD 103.6 billion<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c4-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>; delivery not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adaptation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>Climate Law in force from 9 July 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c4-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Social protection<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: social-security statistics \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance and insurance<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>compulsory <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> insurance covers 58% of residential units<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c4-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Institutional coordination<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>national disaster agency reports hazard events<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c4-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>; coordination evidence not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Technical infrastructure<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>122.5 GW installed power capacity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c4-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>; network condition not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Workforce<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: sector registers \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Research capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>peer-reviewed seismic hazard literature exists<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c4-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"4\">A capability listed in policy is not a tested one; each rung is the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Turkish State Meteorological Service (ed.), 2025 Climate Assessment of T\u00fcrkiye (in Turkish). MGM, Ankara, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c4-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Al Jazeera (ed.), \u201cMagnitude 6.2 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> jolts T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Istanbul,\u201d reporting AFAD data. Doha, 23 April 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c4-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>General Directorate of Forestry (OGM), 2025 forest-fire statistics, as reported by Turkish Minute. Ankara, 11 March 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c4-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Presidency of the Republic of T\u00fcrkiye, Strategy and Budget Office (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Earthquakes Recovery and Reconstruction Assessment (TERRA). Ankara, March 2023, with UNDP, World Bank and EU support. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c4-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Grand National Assembly of T\u00fcrkiye (ed.), Climate Law, Law No. 7552. Official Gazette No. 32951, Ankara, 9 July 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c4-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool (DASK), compulsory <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> insurance coverage, as reported by Daily Sabah. Ankara and Istanbul, August 2026. Observation year 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c4-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (ed.), installed power capacity at the end of 2025, as reported by SolarQuarter citing SHURA. Ankara, 22 January 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c4-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c4-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>T. Parsons, \u201cRecalculated probability of M \u2265 7 earthquakes beneath the Sea of Marmara, Turkey,\u201d Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol. 109, B05304, 2004. doi:10.1029\/2003JB002667. Observation period 2004\u20132034. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2003JB002667\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1029\/2003JB002667<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c4-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-part-scenario\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/\">Turkiye 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 5<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">A drought year across water, hydropower, wheat and budgets<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">A conditional statement under stated assumptions, never a prediction.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>2 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>7 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.1<\/span><span>Assumptions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Scenario SCN-TUR-DRT-01: what is assumed, and what is held constant.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Baseline<\/dt><dd>the 2026 reference state in this edition<\/dd><dt>Drivers<\/dt><dd>a year of rainfall about 25% below the 1991\u20132020 mean, as in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c5-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>, followed by a second dry winter<\/dd><dt>Analogues<\/dt><dd>2025 drought year; hydropower and wheat outcomes of 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c5-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c5-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Interventions<\/dt><dd>none modelled: the specification describes the unmitigated case<\/dd><dt>Run state<\/dt><dd>narrative specification; quantified Foundry run scheduled for Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.2<\/span><span>The cascade, step by step<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">reservoirs and groundwater fall; city supply is restricted<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c5-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c5-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 ENE<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">hydropower output falls; other plants and imports fill the gap<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c5-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">wheat output falls; imports rise<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c5-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">FOO \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">food prices pass into household budgets<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c5-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">WAT \u2192 BIO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">dry forests burn more; protected and unprotected land is affected<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c5-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">WAT \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">groundwater drawdown opens sinkholes on farmland<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c5-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.3<\/span><span>The scenario as a table of steps<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">How the shock in scenario SCN-TUR-DRT-01 would travel through Turkiye&#8217;s coupled <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, step by step, under the assumptions the edition states.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Climate to water<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Reservoirs and groundwater fall; city supply is restricted. Analogue or source: 2025 [22] [23].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition TUR, scenario SCN-TUR-DRT-01, step 1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 Climate to energy<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Hydropower output falls; other plants and imports fill the gap. Analogue or source: 2025 [14].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition TUR, scenario SCN-TUR-DRT-01, step 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 Climate to food<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Wheat output falls; imports rise. Analogue or source: 2025 [20].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition TUR, scenario SCN-TUR-DRT-01, step 3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 Food to finance<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Food prices pass into household budgets. Analogue or source: 2026 [19].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition TUR, scenario SCN-TUR-DRT-01, step 4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 Water to biodiversity<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Dry forests burn more; protected and unprotected land is affected. Analogue or source: 2025 [24].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition TUR, scenario SCN-TUR-DRT-01, step 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Water to infrastructure<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Groundwater drawdown opens sinkholes on farmland. Analogue or source: 2025 [23].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition TUR, scenario SCN-TUR-DRT-01, step 6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of a conditional scenario under the edition&#8217;s stated assumptions: not a forecast, not a prediction and not a warning. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/scenario\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Turkiye 2026, scenario SCN-TUR-DRT-01<\/a> (2026); Turkiye 2026, references (NR-CIT-1) (2026).<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Turkish State Meteorological Service (ed.), 2025 Climate Assessment of T\u00fcrkiye (in Turkish). MGM, Ankara, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c5-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Electricity Review 2026. Ember, London, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c5-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Crop Production Statistics 2025, as reported by eFeedLink. Ankara, 30 December 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c5-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (\u0130SK\u0130), reservoir occupancy of 17 October 2025, as reported by TRT Haber. Istanbul, October 2025. Observation date 17 October 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c5-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Reuters, \u201cSinkholes in Turkey\u2019s agricultural heartland fuel farmers\u2019 concerns,\u201d with AFAD assessment of 684 sinkholes, as published by Al-Monitor and The Star. 23 December 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c5-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: T\u00fcrkiye. FAO, Rome, reference date 7 September 2026. Observation years 2025\u20132026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c5-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c5-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>General Directorate of Forestry (OGM), 2025 forest-fire statistics, as reported by Turkish Minute. Ankara, 11 March 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c5-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-part-lenses-and-readings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/\">Turkiye 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 6<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Readings from the other desks<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The baseline is read through each steward\u2019s lens, then once as a whole. Each lens is a projection of reviewed findings, not a separate argument. The other desks&#8217; own editions of this subject are listed first, as cross-references, not copies.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>11 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>8 tables<\/span><span>31 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.1<\/span><span>The other desks&#8217; editions of this subject<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Federation: each desk writes its own edition for the subjects in its remit. Until a desk releases, its edition shows its frame and the reading this edition printed for it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Desk<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-host=\"true\"><th scope=\"row\">GCRI Systems Evidence<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRF Public Deliberation<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRA Capital Readiness<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Standards Progress<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Academy Capability<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Index Measurement<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.2<\/span><span>Three lenses<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">One edition, read by each steward. The lens of this site comes first.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\" data-host=\"true\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of Turkiye\u2019s risk: great earthquakes dominate the tail, drought has become a recurring stress, and import dependence carries shocks into energy and food. Evidence is strongest for emissions, climate and the 2023 event, and weakest for heat-health, lifeline continuity and building-stock condition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-001 \u00b7 SEI-005 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRF \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as an earthquake, a dry summer or a price rise. The baseline asks that public debate weigh how drought and import prices reach household budgets, and how earthquake recovery is shared between households, insurers and the state.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">FOO-008 \u00b7 FIN-011 \u00b7 SEI-005<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRA \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. About 58% of residential units hold compulsory earthquake cover, a national emissions trading system is in pilot preparation, and recovery needs after 2023 were large<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>. These show where finance-readiness evidence will matter. Nothing here is advice, a rating or an approval.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">FIN-011 \u00b7 SEI-005<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>Turkiye is building clean power quickly, yet water, food and fuel still depend on rainfall and imports. The 2027 programme should test the drought pathway, map lifeline dependencies for one metropolitan area, and measure fuel and wheat import exposure.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">SYS-012 \u00b7 A-01 \u00b7 A-02<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.3<\/span><span>Standards, Academy and steward contributions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">How the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> drafts, the Risk Academy and the three stewards feed each quarterly edition for Turkiye. The standards are preparatory working drafts (October 2026) and are cited as drafts, never as adopted standards.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The quarterly rhythm every edition follows<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Quarter<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Boundary<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Q1<\/td><td>State and Agenda<\/td><td>What matters this year, and what is the starting position?<\/td><td>observed baseline stays distinct from planned work<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q2<\/td><td>Evidence and Build<\/td><td>What new evidence and capability have been developed?<\/td><td>a configured capability is not a validated result<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q3<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stress Test<\/a> and Readiness<\/td><td>What do scenarios and tests reveal?<\/td><td>simulated loss or performance is not observed impact<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q4<\/td><td>Annual Synthesis and Renewal<\/td><td>What did the year establish, and what changes next?<\/td><td>release follows review, not event publicity deadlines<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Who contributes what each quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Steward or body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contribution route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GCRI Canada<\/td><td>Lead Institution and Consortium Secretariat; publisher of record; technical truth (key T)<\/td><td>science and practice communities \u00b7 GCRI gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Forum (GRF)<\/td><td>leadership, dialogue and the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> programme; public meaning (key M)<\/td><td>policy, Universe and national adoption \u00b7 GRF gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)<\/td><td>finance, insurance and development readiness; capital meaning (key F)<\/td><td>finance and insurance \u00b7 GRA gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nexus Standards<\/td><td>preparatory drafts on vocabulary, hazards, indicators and methods<\/td><td>Standards site \u00b7 working groups HAZ, IND, MTH, FIN, AI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk Academy<\/td><td>learning pathways tied to the agenda questions<\/td><td>Academy gateway \u00b7 learning by review<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Turkiye<\/td><td>national pathway: Desk, Leadership Council, Consortium, Working Groups<\/td><td>national Commons room<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards drafts used in this edition<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Risk vocabulary NRS-C1 (424 terms) for terms in the glossary<\/li><li>Hazard atlas NHS-1 1.1.0 (905 hazards in 120 families) for risk objects<\/li><li>Seven risk classes: global, catastrophic, existential, emerging, planetary, exponential, frontier-tech<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards calendar to watch<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Founding calls from 20 October 2026; working groups meet from 5 November 2026<\/li><li>Inaugural Global Standards Council session, 12 January 2027<\/li><li>Quarterly reviews in March, June, September and December, aligned with each edition<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Nothing here certifies. A Nexus attestation records an evaluation under a mandate; it confers no certification, endorsement or approval. National adoption of any standard is a decision of the national standards council.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.4<\/span><span>GCRI reading: the model card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-p\">GCRI&#8217;s reading of this edition is its model card: what the national model is, what it computes and where it stops. It is printed in full in Annex A, with the methods it belongs to. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/methodology\/\">Annex A, methodology<\/a><\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.5<\/span><span>Global Risks Forum reading: editorial essays<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Four signed essays by the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> editorial team set out the positions this edition takes. They are interpretation, labelled as such; the evidence they draw on is in the findings register.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The 2023 earthquakes showed how one event reaches housing, health, power and public finance together. The baseline treats a Marmara-region earthquake as a coupling problem, not as a building problem alone.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 01<\/h3><p>The long tail is seismic<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">A dry 2025 lowered reservoirs, cut the wheat harvest and weighed on hydropower. A second dry year would test all three at once.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 02<\/h3><p>Drought is no longer an exception<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Turkiye\u2019s renewable capacity grew quickly, but coal and imports still carry the system. Energy security is a trade question as much as a build question.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 03<\/h3><p>Clean capacity, imported security<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">This edition leaves several cells empty and names the source that would fill each. A blank with a blocker is more useful than an estimate without a source.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 04<\/h3><p>Gaps are findings too<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Essays are signed views of the editorial team. Contributed articles from working groups, consortium institutions and invited experts begin with the Q1 2027 edition, each with its own review route and disclosures.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.6<\/span><span>Global Risks Alliance reading: q1 2027 readiness pack<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The registers that open the first operational quarter. At baseline each is initialised from this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Q1 2027 readiness pack<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Register<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First Q1 2027 entry<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>E1<\/td><td>National risk state delta<\/td><td>baseline set by this edition<\/td><td>changes against the baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E2<\/td><td>WEFH+B state delta<\/td><td>five system readings set<\/td><td>indicator updates and freshness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E3<\/td><td>Agenda and Portfolio movement<\/td><td>eight agenda items \u00b7 7 proposed objects<\/td><td>admission decisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E4<\/td><td>NWG delivery register<\/td><td>no groups yet<\/td><td>first monthly outputs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E5<\/td><td>NNC capability register<\/td><td>membership opens in Q1 2027<\/td><td>first contributions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E6<\/td><td>NLC questions and challenges<\/td><td>none yet<\/td><td>first challenge log<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E7<\/td><td>Foundry technical state<\/td><td>environment prepared<\/td><td>first sealed cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E8<\/td><td>Publication candidates<\/td><td>twelve findings carried forward<\/td><td>PUBLISH \u00b7 HOLD dispositions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E9<\/td><td>Universe readiness<\/td><td>one candidate mission<\/td><td>admission and role spine<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E10<\/td><td>Correction register<\/td><td>none<\/td><td>first correction cycle<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication dispositions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Publish<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hold<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Needs evidence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Restricted<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Superseded<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Programme progress is not real-world risk improvement. These registers record the work of the Nexus programme; they report on no public authority.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.7<\/span><span>Nexus Standards reading: standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Instruments that shape the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in this edition, by status on the retrieval date. The edition assesses no one\u2019s compliance.<\/p><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">IN FORCE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ADOPTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SUBMITTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">UNDER REVIEW<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instrument<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Scope<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Relevance<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a> \u00b7 second NDC, 466 Mt below business as usual, 643 Mt in 2035<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNFCCC \u00b7 Turkiye<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>SUBMITTED 2025<\/td><td>emissions pathway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate Law, Law No. 7552<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Government of Turkiye<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>IN FORCE 2025<\/td><td>net zero 2053 \u00b7 legal basis<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National emissions trading system under the Climate Law<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Government of Turkiye<\/td><td>large installations<\/td><td>PILOT PREPARATION<\/td><td>carbon pricing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kunming-Montreal Framework<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CBD<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2022<\/td><td>30by30<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNDRR<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2015<\/td><td>disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk reduction<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Compulsory <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> insurance<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>DASK<\/td><td>residential units<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Changed since 2024<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Turkiye submitted its second climate contribution in November 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The Climate Law entered into force on 9 July 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Implementing rules for the emissions trading system are in preparation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">To watch in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>The next biennial transparency report and its method note for the 2035 limit<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Pilot phase of the national emissions trading system<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Akkuyu Unit 1 start-up and its effect on the power mix<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Status is read from the issuing body on the retrieval date. A change in status opens a review task for every finding that relies on the instrument.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.8<\/span><span>Risk Academy reading: literature and evidence review, science and assessments<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The review behind this edition covers peer-reviewed science, national and international assessments and the institutional reports that bind its findings. Full systematic reviews begin in Q1 2027 for each agenda item.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Review protocol<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Question<\/dt><dd>What does the published evidence establish about Turkiye\u2019s coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity risks?<\/dd><dt>Sources searched<\/dt><dd>peer-reviewed literature; national and international assessments; official releases; industry loss data<\/dd><dt>Window<\/dt><dd>releases available at evidence close, 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Selection<\/dt><dd>sources that bind or contextualise a finding in this edition<\/dd><dt>Next step<\/dt><dd>systematic reviews for agenda items A-01 to A-05 in Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Science and assessments<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Lee and Romero (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>forcing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>McElwee et al. (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>nexus interlinkages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zscheischler et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>compound events<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MGM climate assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>warming and drought<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Parsons<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2004<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>seismic probability<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Institutional reports<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>World Bank GRADE report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 tail-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk from outcomes at the far end of a distribution, which are rare but carry very large consequences and often dominate total expected harm.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">tail risk<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>TERRA assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Government of Turkiye<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>recovery needs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Second climate contribution<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n44\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Government of Turkiye<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>emissions pathway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IEA energy policy review<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n46\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Note 46\">46<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IEA<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>energy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>OECD Economic Survey<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>OECD<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>macro<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Official statistics and national sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GHG inventory<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>TurkStat<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>emissions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population results<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>TurkStat<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Elderly statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>TurkStat<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>ageing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Life tables<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n45\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 health statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>TurkStat \u00b7 WHO<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>life expectancy, not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Crop monitoring<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>FAO<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>food<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Industry, loss data and international sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Catastrophe insurance data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>DASK<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Refugee operations<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNHCR<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>population pressure<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity review<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Ember<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>power mix<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy transition outlook<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>SHURA<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>energy bill<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NatCatSERVICE<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Munich Re<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>global losses<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where the evidence agrees<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Turkiye is warming and 2025 was dry<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Great earthquakes remain a long-term hazard near Istanbul<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Energy imports expose the economy to price shocks<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where it is unsettled<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>How to express long-term <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> probability for public use, since the cited estimate is from 2004<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How fast clean power can replace imported coal and gas<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How much heat mortality is recorded<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEWS AND PREPRINTS<\/p><p>No news report or preprint binds a finding in this edition. News is used only to date events; preprints used from Q1 2027 will be flagged as not peer-reviewed.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Presidency of the Republic of T\u00fcrkiye, Strategy and Budget Office (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Earthquakes Recovery and Reconstruction Assessment (TERRA). Ankara, March 2023, with UNDP, World Bank and EU support. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool (DASK), compulsory <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> insurance coverage, as reported by Daily Sabah. Ankara and Istanbul, August 2026. Observation year 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>International Carbon Action Partnership (ed.), \u201cT\u00fcrkiye adopts landmark climate law paving way for national ETS.\u201d ICAP, Berlin, July 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> (ed.), \u201cT\u00fcrkiye submits its second Nationally Determined Contribution to the United Nations.\u201d Ankara, November 2025. Observation year 2035 target.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNFCCC (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>. United Nations, Paris, 2015. Observation year 2015.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Grand National Assembly of T\u00fcrkiye (ed.), Climate Law, Law No. 7552. Official Gazette No. 32951, Ankara, 9 July 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022. Observation year 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015. Observation year 2015.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye: 2035 NDC assessment. Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, Berlin, 2025\u20132026. Observation year 2035 target.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>University of Maryland Center for Global Sustainability (ed.), 2035 NDC Assessment: T\u00fcrkiye. UMD CGS, College Park, August 2026. Observation year 2035 target.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Engineering News (ed.), \u201cAkkuyu nuclear power plant project, T\u00fcrkiye: update.\u201d Johannesburg, 4 September 2026, with Interfax report of 21 September 2026. Observation year 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.), Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2023. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054. Observation year 2024. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.13850054\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. Observation year 2018.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Turkish State Meteorological Service (ed.), 2025 Climate Assessment of T\u00fcrkiye (in Turkish). MGM, Ankara, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>T. Parsons, \u201cRecalculated probability of M \u2265 7 earthquakes beneath the Sea of Marmara, Turkey,\u201d Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol. 109, B05304, 2004. doi:10.1029\/2003JB002667. Observation period 2004\u20132034. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2003JB002667\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1029\/2003JB002667<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank and GFDRR (eds.), Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) Report: February 6, 2023 Kahramanmara\u015f Earthquakes, T\u00fcrkiye Report. World Bank, Washington DC, February 2023. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>Climate Analytics (ed.), 1.5\u00b0C national pathway explorer: T\u00fcrkiye. Climate Analytics, Berlin, 2025. Observation year 2035 pathway.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 44\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>International Energy Agency (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye 2021: Energy Policy Review. IEA, Paris, 2021. Observation year 2020.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 46\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>OECD (ed.), OECD Economic Surveys: T\u00fcrkiye 2025. OECD Publishing, Paris, April 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statistics, 1990\u20132024. TurkStat, Ankara, 27 March 2026. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Address Based Population Registration System Results 2025. TurkStat, Ankara, 9 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Elderly Statistics 2025. TurkStat, Ankara, March 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Life Tables, 2021\u20132023. TurkStat, Ankara, 2024. Observation years 2021\u20132023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 45\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>World Health Organization (ed.), World Health Statistics 2025. WHO, Geneva, 2025. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: T\u00fcrkiye. FAO, Rome, reference date 7 September 2026. Observation years 2025\u20132026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNHCR (ed.), Annual Results Report 2025: T\u00fcrkiye. UNHCR, Geneva, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Electricity Review 2026. Ember, London, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>SHURA Energy Transition Center (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Energy Transition Outlook 2025. SHURA, Istanbul, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>Munich Re (ed.), Natural disasters in 2025: NatCatSERVICE full-year figures. Munich Re, Munich, January 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c6-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (ed.), Primary Energy Mix of T\u00fcrkiye 2024, presentation at the IENE conference. Ankara and Athens, 19 March 2026. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-part-agenda\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/\">Turkiye 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 7<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">The 2027 agenda<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Eight bounded questions open the 2027 National Agenda. Each comes from a baseline finding, names the initiative that will carry it and the first output due at the Q1 2027 cut.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>6 tables<\/span><span>5 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.1<\/span><span>Questions for the operational series<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How would a second drought year change reservoir storage, hydropower and urban supply in Istanbul and Ankara?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-TUR-WAT-01 \u00b7 drought and supply; first output: storage and supply baseline for two cities.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How deep are fuel and gas stocks against a prolonged import disruption?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-TUR-ENE-02 \u00b7 import resilience; first output: stock-and-route register.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How exposed are wheat, feed and fertiliser supply to a short harvest and import shocks?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-TUR-FOO-03 \u00b7 food import exposure; first output: commodity dependence table.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How would a Marmara-region <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> cut power, transport, water and care together?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-TUR-SEI-04 \u00b7 lifeline continuity; first output: dependency graph for one metropolitan area.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Where do <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> and fire losses fall on the uninsured, and on public budgets?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-TUR-FIN-05 \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a>; first output: peril-by-province loss table.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How do heat and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a> load health and care in summer?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted when heat-health data are bound; first output: scoping note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How do land-use change and fire affect ecosystem condition outside protected areas?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in Q1 2027; first output: scoping note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which capabilities have been tested in real disasters, and which are only planned?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">National capability register; first output: rung evidence for 15 functions.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.2<\/span><span>Portfolio proposed for the Q1 2027 alignment<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Five initiatives and one Universe mission candidate are proposed for admission at the Q1 2027 alignment. They are programme objects, no partner, funder or member is attached to them in this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Objects proposed for the first operational quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Object<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-TUR-WAT-01<\/span><\/td><td>Drought and urban supply baseline<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-TUR-ENE-02<\/span><\/td><td>Fuel and gas import resilience<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-02<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-TUR-FOO-03<\/span><\/td><td>Food and feed import exposure<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-03<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-TUR-SEI-04<\/span><\/td><td>Lifeline continuity after great earthquakes<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-04<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-TUR-FIN-05<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-05<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PRJ-TUR-WAT-01a<\/span><\/td><td>Two-city storage and supply graph<\/td><td>Project<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MSN-TUR-2027-01<\/span><\/td><td>Drought-year compound Universe mission<\/td><td>Mission<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.3<\/span><span>The pathway<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Turkiye is the national pathway through which the Nexus operating system will run in Turkiye from 2027. At baseline the pathway is designed and its records are prepared; its councils and working groups are constituted from Q1 2027. This page states what exists today and what comes next, nothing more.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">One National Agenda<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">bounded national questions for the year<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">DRAFT 2027 \u00b7 agenda review at the Q1 alignment<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Desk<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">coordination, records, routing and continuity<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">DESIGNED \u00b7 constituted in Q1 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Model<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">the country as a system of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">v0 SPECIFIED \u00b7 v1 with the first Foundry cut<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Portfolio<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">risks, capabilities, initiatives, projects, missions<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">7 PROPOSED \u00b7 admission at the Q1 alignment<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Foundry<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">continuous computational environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">PREPARED \u00b7 first sealed cut NQ-TUR-2027-Q1<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Reports<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">quarterly and annual publication<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE ISSUED \u00b7 Q1 2027 \u00b7 State &amp; Agenda<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Universe<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">annual proving environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANDIDATE MISSION \u00b7 mandate set in 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Evidence and correction<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">after-action, correction and renewal<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">OPEN \u00b7 first correction cycle in Q2 2027<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.4<\/span><span>Universe 2027, evidence pack for the candidate mission<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Mandate<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Core Build \u00b7 1 month<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Action \u00b7 1 week<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Evidence seal<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Portfolio correction<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Next mandate<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Universe 2027, evidence pack for the candidate mission<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Record<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Timing<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>F1<\/td><td>Annual mandate record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>after the Q2 2027 alignment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F2<\/td><td>Core Build record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>one month before the exercise<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F3<\/td><td>Exercise evidence<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>during the Action week<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F4<\/td><td>Decision packets<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>exercise state only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F5<\/td><td>Proof receipts<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>scoped to each recorded check<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F6<\/td><td>After-action report<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>within one quarter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F7<\/td><td>Upgrade docket<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>routed to the Portfolio<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F8<\/td><td>Portfolio renewal<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>Q4 2027 annual edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F9<\/td><td>Public synthesis<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>public-safe extracts only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Mission<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>ID<\/dt><dd>MSN-TUR-2027-01 \u00b7 Drought-year compound Universe mission<\/dd><dt>Role spine<\/dt><dd>Leadership sponsor (NLC) \u00b7 Institutional anchor (NNC) \u00b7 Mission lead (NWG)<\/dd><dt>Receiving actors<\/dt><dd>to be identified with the mandate<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Simulation success is not deployment approval; demonstration is not certification; finance readiness is not financing secured.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.5<\/span><span>Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Where the baseline\u2019s findings go next. A handoff routes a finding for awareness, review or work; it transfers no authority.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Finding<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Routed to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Purpose<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CLI-001 \u00b7 emissions<\/td><td>public record<\/td><td>reference for the 2027 series<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ENE-003 \u00b7 imports<\/td><td>INI-TUR-ENE-02<\/td><td>import resilience<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CLI-004 \u00b7 2025 climate<\/td><td>INI-TUR-WAT-01<\/td><td>drought and supply<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SEI-005 \u00b7 2023 earthquakes<\/td><td>INI-TUR-SEI-04<\/td><td>lifeline continuity<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WAT-007 \u00b7 water<\/td><td>INI-TUR-WAT-01<\/td><td>two-city graph<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FOO-008 \u00b7 wheat<\/td><td>INI-TUR-FOO-03<\/td><td>import exposure<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FIN-011 \u00b7 insurance<\/td><td>INI-TUR-FIN-05 \u00b7 key F review<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SYS-012 \u00b7 compound pathway<\/td><td>MSN-TUR-2027-01<\/td><td>Universe candidate<\/td><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Routing rules by publication class<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Where it goes<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Who can see it<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>PUBLIC<\/td><td>the published edition and its evidence bundle<\/td><td>anyone<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><td>governed rooms of the national pathway<\/td><td>consortium members under agreement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONTROLLED<\/td><td>need-to-know channels<\/td><td>named competent actors only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Handoffs carry findings to Nexus programme objects and steward reviews. Competent authorities receive public editions as published; nothing here instructs them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.6<\/span><span>Feeds and signal register<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Feeds watched from Q1 2027<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Feed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Producer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Latency<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Feeds into<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> information<\/td><td>AFAD<\/td><td>real time<\/td><td>SEI findings<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate monitoring and drought maps<\/td><td>Turkish State Meteorological Service<\/td><td>monthly and annual<\/td><td>CLI-004<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reservoir and water data<\/td><td>State Hydraulic Works \u00b7 \u0130SK\u0130<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>WAT-007<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity data<\/td><td>EP\u0130A\u015e transparency platform<\/td><td>hourly<\/td><td>ENE findings<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Crop and population statistics<\/td><td>TurkStat<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FOO-008 \u00b7 HLT-009<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forest-fire counts<\/td><td>General Directorate of Forestry<\/td><td>seasonal<\/td><td>BIO-010<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Insurance take-up<\/td><td>DASK<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>FIN-011<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Escalation routes<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">none \u00b7 keep monitoring<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">research question<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">project<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">risk object<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">quarterly publication<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">signal report<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Signals at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Signal<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Corroboration<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>SIG-TUR-001<\/td><td>A dry 2025 followed by a record wheat estimate for 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c7-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c7-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 FOO<\/td><td>risk object RSK-TUR-CLI-002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-TUR-002<\/td><td>Repeated earthquakes: 2023 and a magnitude 6.2 event in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c7-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c7-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>SEI \u00b7 all<\/td><td>research question A-04<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-TUR-003<\/td><td>Wind and solar above 20% of electricity in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c7-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>ENE \u00b7 CLI<\/td><td>initiative A-02<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A signal is not a warning. Signal records never substitute for official alerting or early-warning authorities, and they bypass no publication control.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: T\u00fcrkiye. FAO, Rome, reference date 7 September 2026. Observation years 2025\u20132026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c7-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Crop Production Statistics 2025, as reported by eFeedLink. Ankara, 30 December 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c7-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (ed.), Report on the first year after the 6 February 2023 earthquakes, citing official figures. TMMOB, Ankara, 2024. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c7-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Al Jazeera (ed.), \u201cMagnitude 6.2 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> jolts T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Istanbul,\u201d reporting AFAD data. Doha, 23 April 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c7-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c7-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Electricity Review 2026. Ember, London, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c7-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-part-systems-in-depth\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/\">Turkiye 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 8<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems in depth<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">One section per system: its state at evidence close, its exposures and what the operational series will watch.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>5 tables<\/span><span>20 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.1<\/span><span>Water, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Renewable water per person has fallen to about 1,308 m\u00b3 a year, below the level commonly used as the stress threshold, and a dry 2025 lowered reservoirs and groundwater.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,308<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">m\u00b3<\/span><p>per person a year, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">24.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Istanbul reservoirs, 17 October 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u2248684<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">sinkholes<\/span><p>Konya Plain, reported December 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Per-person supply<\/td><td>about 1,652 m\u00b3 in 2000, about 1,308 m\u00b3 in 2024<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rainfall<\/td><td>27.6% below the 1991\u20132020 mean in 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cities<\/td><td>Istanbul reservoirs at 24.7% on 17 October 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Groundwater<\/td><td>sinkholes counted on the Konya Plain; fall rates are expert estimates<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National storage<\/td><td>national reservoir series not retrieved<\/td><td>State Hydraulic Works<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 WAT rainfall and temperature<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 FOO irrigation and crops<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 ENE hydropower and cooling<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 INF groundwater drawdown and subsidence<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>national reservoir storage<\/li><li>abstraction and well-licensing data<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Reservoir levels, winter rainfall, groundwater levels in the Konya Plain and city supply restrictions.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Water services rest with national and municipal authorities; this chapter assesses none of them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.2<\/span><span>Energy, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Renewables are now 62.3% of installed capacity, yet coal still produced 34% of electricity in 2025 and about two-thirds of primary energy was imported in 2024.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">62.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>renewables in installed capacity, end 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">34<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>coal in electricity, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">62.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">USD billion<\/span><p>energy import bill, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Capacity<\/td><td>122.5 GW installed; renewables 62.3%<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Generation<\/td><td>coal 34%; wind and solar about 22%; hydropower held down by drought<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Imports<\/td><td>about 67% of primary energy imported in 2024<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nuclear<\/td><td>Akkuyu Unit 1 had not reached first power by September 2026<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gas share<\/td><td>share of gas in 2025 generation not bound<\/td><td>EP\u0130A\u015e \u00b7 TE\u0130A\u015e<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>TRD \u2192 ENE fuel imports<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 FOO fuel and fertiliser<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 ENE hydropower<\/li><li>SEI \u2192 ENE plant and grid damage<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>fuel and gas stock depth<\/li><li>gas share of generation<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Akkuyu start-up, wind and solar additions, import volumes and hydropower after winter rainfall.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Energy decisions rest with the government, regulators and operators; this chapter assesses none of them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.3<\/span><span>Food and agrifood, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The 2025 wheat harvest fell about 13.7% in a dry year, and FAO estimates a record harvest for 2026, so the swing between years is the risk.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">17.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt<\/span><p>wheat harvest, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">22.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt<\/span><p>FAO estimate for 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224838<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>annual food inflation, July 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Harvest 2025<\/td><td>about 17.9 Mt of wheat, against a first estimate of 19.6 Mt<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Harvest 2026<\/td><td>record 22.8 Mt estimated, about 16% above the five-year average<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Imports<\/td><td>wheat imports of 7 Mt forecast for 2026\/27<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Prices<\/td><td>food inflation about 38% in July 2026; flour up about 19%<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Import concentration<\/td><td>by commodity and origin not bound<\/td><td>USDA and customs data<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>WAT \u2192 FOO irrigation<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 FOO drought and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.frost\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"Ice deposits on surfaces and plants when temperature drops to freezing, including ground frost that damages seedlings and blossoms.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">frost<\/a><\/li><li>ENE \u2192 FOO fuel and fertiliser<\/li><li>FOO \u2192 FIN household budgets<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>import concentration by commodity<\/li><li>feed and fertiliser dependence<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Planting and harvest estimates, import volumes, flour and bread prices and the 2026\u201327 winter rainfall.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes the food system; it makes no statement on agricultural or trade policy.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.4<\/span><span>Health and One Health, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Turkiye is younger than many large economies, but it hosts a large foreign population, and no national heat-health series was available at evidence close.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">11.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>aged 65 or over, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1.52<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>foreign residents, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u22482.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>Syrians under temporary protection, end 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ageing<\/td><td>9.58 million aged 65 or over; 13.5% projected for 2030<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Median age<\/td><td>34.9 years in 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Foreign population<\/td><td>1,519,515 in 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Refugees<\/td><td>about 2.4 million Syrians and 167,000 other applicants and holders, end 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat deaths<\/td><td>national season total not retrieved<\/td><td>Ministry of Health<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Life expectancy<\/td><td>secondary reports conflict; official table not read<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n45\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-r45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 HLT heat<\/li><li>SEI \u2192 HLT injury and displacement<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 HLT drinking water<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 HLT cooling and power<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>heat deaths<\/li><li>care continuity in disasters<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Summer heat alerts, hospital load, and published heat-health series.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Health and care planning rest with national and local authorities. No personal health data are used or shown in Reports.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.5<\/span><span>Biodiversity and ecosystems, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Wildfires burned 81,473 ha of forest land in 2025, and about 3.8 million ha were under legal protection, but no single agreed protected-area share is bound here.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">81,473<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">ha<\/span><p>forest burned, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">3,224<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fires<\/span><p>in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u22483.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million ha<\/span><p>legally protected, end 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Fire<\/td><td>3,224 fires; cause of 1,012 not determined<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protection<\/td><td>about 3.8 million ha under legal protection at the end of 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Share of land<\/td><td>official reports give conflicting percentages<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Condition<\/td><td>not bound outside protected areas<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>BIO \u2192 WAT forest and watershed regulation<\/li><li>BIO \u2192 FOO pollination and soils<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 BIO drought and fire<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>protected share on one definition<\/li><li>condition outside protected areas<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Fire-season counts, progress on protected-area targets under the global biodiversity framework<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup>, and condition indicators.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Biodiversity is not reduced to a single number. Where valuation is used later, it will never be presented as the whole value.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>State Hydraulic Works (DS\u0130), per-person annual water availability 2000 and 2024, as reported by Anadolu Agency and Milliyet. Ankara, 2025. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (\u0130SK\u0130), reservoir occupancy of 17 October 2025, as reported by TRT Haber. Istanbul, October 2025. Observation date 17 October 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Reuters, \u201cSinkholes in Turkey\u2019s agricultural heartland fuel farmers\u2019 concerns,\u201d with AFAD assessment of 684 sinkholes, as published by Al-Monitor and The Star. 23 December 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Turkish State Meteorological Service (ed.), 2025 Climate Assessment of T\u00fcrkiye (in Turkish). MGM, Ankara, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (ed.), installed power capacity at the end of 2025, as reported by SolarQuarter citing SHURA. Ankara, 22 January 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Electricity Review 2026. Ember, London, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>SHURA Energy Transition Center (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Energy Transition Outlook 2025. SHURA, Istanbul, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (ed.), Primary Energy Mix of T\u00fcrkiye 2024, presentation at the IENE conference. Ankara and Athens, 19 March 2026. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Engineering News (ed.), \u201cAkkuyu nuclear power plant project, T\u00fcrkiye: update.\u201d Johannesburg, 4 September 2026, with Interfax report of 21 September 2026. Observation year 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Crop Production Statistics 2025, as reported by eFeedLink. Ankara, 30 December 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: T\u00fcrkiye. FAO, Rome, reference date 7 September 2026. Observation years 2025\u20132026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Elderly Statistics 2025. TurkStat, Ankara, March 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Address Based Population Registration System Results 2025. TurkStat, Ankara, 9 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNHCR (ed.), Annual Results Report 2025: T\u00fcrkiye. UNHCR, Geneva, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-n45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Life Tables, 2021\u20132023. TurkStat, Ankara, 2024. Observation years 2021\u20132023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-r45\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 45\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>General Directorate of Forestry (OGM), 2025 forest-fire statistics, as reported by Turkish Minute. Ankara, 11 March 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (ed.), legally protected areas at the end of 2025, as reported by Daily Sabah. Ankara, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks (ed.), Nature Conservation Status Report 2023. Ankara, 2023. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> (ed.), 7th State of the Environment Report of T\u00fcrkiye. Ankara, 2024. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-c8-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022. Observation year 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-c8-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-part-methodology\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/\">Turkiye 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex A<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Methodology<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">How the edition was made: methods, the model card, the evidence cut and its age, the acceptance record and the glossary.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>9 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>12 tables<\/span><span>5 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.1<\/span><span>Methods<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The baseline uses published values and four simple derivations. Each is shown in full so that any reader can reproduce it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Methods<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">No.<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Derivation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Calculation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Result<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>(1)<\/td><td>Uninsured share of residential units<\/td><td>100 \u2212 58<\/td><td>42%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(2)<\/td><td>Reduction under the 2035 limit, share of business as usual<\/td><td>466 \u00f7 1,109<\/td><td>\u2248 42.0%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(3)<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.meteorological-drought\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"A prolonged shortfall of rain against the local normal, the starting point of every other kind of drought.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">Rainfall deficit<\/a> in 2025 against 1991\u20132020<\/td><td>573.4 \u2212 414.9<\/td><td>158.5 mm<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(4)<\/td><td>Share of the population aged 65 or over<\/td><td>9,583,059 \u00f7 86,092,168<\/td><td>\u2248 11.1%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling strength scale (matrix and model card)<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Strength<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>STRONG<\/td><td>a disruption in the source system has historically changed the target system\u2019s service or output within one season<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MODERATE<\/td><td>an effect is documented but buffered or slower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEAK<\/td><td>an effect is plausible but not documented at national scale<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Status grammar<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rule<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>value as issued by its source, with year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>reasoned from cited evidence; never a measurement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus analytical value with stated method<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>conditional on stated assumptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>structured editorial judgement awaiting evidence<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.2<\/span><span>Model card, National Model v0<\/span><\/h2><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model ID<\/dt><dd>MDL-TUR-NATIONAL \u00b7 v0.1<\/dd><dt>Purpose<\/dt><dd>represent Turkiye as coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> with forcing and transmission layers<\/dd><dt>Family<\/dt><dd>graph-based system of systems<\/dd><dt>Inputs<\/dt><dd>the cited sources of this edition; no proprietary data<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>expert-specified coupling strengths (STRONG \u00b7 MODERATE \u00b7 WEAK) from evidence and analogue events<\/dd><dt>Validation<\/dt><dd>none yet, first validation against Q1 2027 Foundry evidence<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>qualitative; strengths are hypotheses, not measurements<\/dd><dt>Domain of validity<\/dt><dd>national scale; not for province or asset-level use<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>strength table and sources published in this edition<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">couplings<\/span><p>typed in v0<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strong<\/span><p>documented within one season<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">moderate<\/span><p>documented, buffered<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">weak<\/span><p>plausible, undocumented<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>framing the 2027 agenda; choosing which couplings to measure first; explaining the coupled reading of risk in Turkiye.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOT SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>quantitative loss estimates, operational decisions, provincial comparisons or any claim about a specific asset.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">VERSIONING<\/p><p>Models are immutable by version. A change to any coupling, rule or weight produces v0.2 with its own card and correction note.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.3<\/span><span>The baseline evidence cut<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Every Nexus edition is published from a frozen evidence cut. The baseline cut is documentary: it pins the exact edition of every source cited. Model runs begin with the first Foundry cut in Q1 2027.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Cut ID<\/dt><dd>NQ-TUR-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Type<\/dt><dd>baseline documentary cut<\/dd><dt>Resolution policy<\/dt><dd>pinned \u00b7 as of 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Sources pinned<\/dt><dd>46 cited sources, each at the edition and retrieval date in the references<\/dd><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>none at baseline, analytical values are stated with their method<\/dd><dt>Digest<\/dt><dd>computed at <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.hard-freeze\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"Air temperature falling well below freezing for hours, killing crops, bursting pipes and stopping water flow.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">freeze<\/a> and recorded in the publication record<\/dd><dt>Supersedes<\/dt><dd>nothing, first cut of the series<\/dd><dt>Superseded by<\/dt><dd>NQ-TUR-2027-Q1-1 at the Q1 2027 close<\/dd><\/dl><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Lineage<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">source edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">pinned citation<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">finding<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">page<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">publication record<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">From the baseline cut to the first Foundry cut<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Element<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Q1 2027<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Sources<\/td><td>cited publications, pinned by edition<\/td><td>qualified source bindings with versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Analysis<\/td><td>stated methods and editorial estimates<\/td><td>typed analysis specifications<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Models<\/td><td>National Model v0 specification<\/td><td>model runs with receipts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Findings<\/td><td>twelve baseline findings<\/td><td>findings re-bound to the cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Review<\/td><td>five passes scheduled<\/td><td>five passes on the exact digest<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.4<\/span><span>Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A 2026 edition rests on evidence observed in many different years. This page shows each time base, so that no single year label hides older evidence.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Observed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Released<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next release<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GHG emissions<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>Mar 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate assessment<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> assessments<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>event-driven<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Feb 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population aged 65+<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Mar 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Installed capacity<\/td><td>end 2025<\/td><td>Jan 2026<\/td><td>monthly<\/td><td>monthly<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wheat harvest<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Dec 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reservoir level (Istanbul)<\/td><td>17 Oct 2025<\/td><td>Oct 2025<\/td><td>continuous<\/td><td>continuous<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> insurance take-up<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>Aug 2026<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coverage by system at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Thinnest dimension<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Seismic hazard<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>building-stock condition; current probability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate forcing<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>regional rainfall extremes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>stock depth and routes; gas share<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>import concentration by commodity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>heat-health burden<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>national reservoir series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>protected-area share; condition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Digital<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>dependency mapping<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.5<\/span><span>Evidence cards, two anchor sources<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the Turkish Statistical Institute. Annual, calendar-year basis, with IPCC AR5 global-warming potentials. Role: binds CLI-001 and the sector figures. The release was read through press reports of the bulletin, because the statistics portal needs a script-enabled browser.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-TUR-001<\/h3><p>GHG inventory 1990\u20132024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-ca-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the Government of Turkiye with UN, World Bank and EU support, presented in March 2023. One-off. Role: binds SEI-005 cost figures, labelled as assessments.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-TUR-002<\/h3><p>TERRA recovery assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-ca-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Quality dimensions at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Dimension<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-TUR-001<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-TUR-002<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Completeness<\/td><td>energy, industrial processes, agriculture and waste; land use not bound<\/td><td>eleven provinces; one-off<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Timeliness<\/td><td>about three months after the year<\/td><td>weeks after the event<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Revision<\/td><td>back-revised in later releases<\/td><td>not revised<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Method transparency<\/td><td>published methodology<\/td><td>published assumptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>External validation<\/td><td>not bound in this edition<\/td><td>supported by UN, World Bank and EU<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence cards to follow in Q1 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>TurkStat inventory<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-ca-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>: net emissions with land use<\/li><li>Ministry of Agriculture protected-area statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-ca-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-ca-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-ca-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup>: one definition of protected share<\/li><li>Ministry of Health: heat-health series<\/li><li>State Hydraulic Works: national reservoir storage<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.6<\/span><span>Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Editorial self-check at evidence close. Every applicable item carries a disposition; the remaining items are review, approval and deposit.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Group<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Area<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Items<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pass<\/th><th scope=\"col\">N\/A<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pending<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D1<\/td><td>Identity and scope<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>Source and data<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D3<\/td><td>Analysis and models<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D4<\/td><td>Findings and claims<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D5<\/td><td>Figures, tables, maps<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D6<\/td><td>Editorial and citations<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D7<\/td><td>Review and approval<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>13<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D8<\/td><td>Artefact and design<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D9<\/td><td>Registry and release<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication gate<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Conditions met<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close<\/dd><dt>Blocking problems<\/dt><dd>none recorded<\/dd><dt>Open conditions<\/dt><dd>reviews, approval of the exact digest, deposit, registry pointer<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Not applicable at baseline<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>first runs in Q1 2027<\/dd><dt>Maps<\/dt><dd>plates in Q2 2027<\/dd><dt>Waivers<\/dt><dd>none<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Dispositions are recorded item by item in the machine-readable checklist. A FAIL on any item blocks release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.7<\/span><span>Status words<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-tab9\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The status every value carries<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it means<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"positive\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Observed<\/span><\/td><td>Measured directly and published by the source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>Published statistics of an official or institutional source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Declared<\/span><\/td><td>Stated by the body concerned; not independently measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>A Nexus estimate from cited evidence, with its method in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Modelled<\/span><\/td><td>Produced by a stated model from cited inputs.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>Reasoned from cited evidence; not measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Forecast<\/span><\/td><td>A projection by the cited source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Simulated<\/span><\/td><td>A simulation result under stated assumptions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>A conditional statement under stated assumptions; never a prediction.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>Expert judgement, recorded with its basis.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><td>Proposed for a later edition; not yet evidence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Evidence-quality levels (EQL 1 to 5) grade the source behind a value; they are not a score of the subject.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.8<\/span><span>How the edition is made, released and corrected<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">Every edition is built from a sealed evidence cut, reviewed under three keys, signed and deposited before any site shows it as published; corrections go to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> as change proposals and feed the next cut.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Evidence arrives from the pillars<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Foundry seals observations and indicator series, Universe hands over after-action and scenario findings, and contributions are screened at every gateway, including this site&#8217;s.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 The cut is sealed<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">On the cut date the evidence is pinned under one identifier, so anyone can rebuild the edition from exactly what it was built on.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 The edition is assembled<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The edition is drafted from its template and content pack. Agents may draft; they never publish and never decide.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 The keys turn<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">At the publisher of record the truth key comes first: every value is checked against its source or stated method before the meaning and capital keys turn. No edition moves on until every key has been turned by a named steward.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 The gate opens<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A named approver releases one exact digest of the edition; any change after this point is a new version, never a silent edit.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Signed and deposited<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The PDF, the web edition and the data bundle are signed together with a manifest and an RO-Crate description, and deposited on Zenodo with a concept and a version DOI.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">07 Published on its desk&#8217;s site<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Only then does the edition show as published on its desk&#8217;s Reports site, and the Collection lists it as a part.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">08 Corrections go to Standards<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Method and correction findings go to Nexus Standards as change proposals; citations, corrections and new contributions feed the next evidence cut.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of the process, not a forecast and not a record of any run; dates and counts on this page come from the programme record. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/governance\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Reports governance at GCRI Canada<\/a> (2026); Zenodo, repository of record for Reports deposits (2026).<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">Lifecycle, one state at a time: Draft, Computed, Evidence bound, Reviewed, Approved for release, Published, Corrected, Superseded. This edition is a draft.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.9<\/span><span>Glossary and abbreviations<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-tab10\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Series terms<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Baseline Edition<\/td><td>the inaugural annual edition that fixes the reference state for the series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEFH+B<\/td><td>water, energy, food, health and biodiversity, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/governance-in-operation\/national-nexus\" data-tc=\"National Nexus\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The national model: the NNC, the NLC and the NWG as its three participation pillars, with the National Desk, Model and Portfolio and the NSC as the standards function of the NNC (OR-13)\">national nexus<\/a> core<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coupling<\/td><td>a typed dependency through which one system transmits to another<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">Protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>the share of losses not covered by insurance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability ladder<\/td><td>LISTED \u2192 EXISTS \u2192 ADEQUATE \u2192 TESTED \u2192 DEMONSTRATED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EQL<\/td><td>evidence-quality level, 1\u20135<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence cut<\/td><td>a frozen resolution of exact sources and versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NNC \u00b7 NLC \u00b7 NWG<\/td><td>National Nexus Consortium \u00b7 National Leadership Council \u00b7 National Working Groups<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-tab11\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Abbreviations used in this edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Abbreviation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Expansion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>AFAD<\/td><td>Disaster and Emergency Management Authority<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>BAU<\/td><td>business as usual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DASK<\/td><td>Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool, compulsory <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> insurance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DS\u0130<\/td><td>State Hydraulic Works<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EP\u0130A\u015e<\/td><td>Energy Exchange Istanbul<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ETKB<\/td><td>Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GIEWS<\/td><td>Global Information and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning-system\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An integrated system of risk knowledge, monitoring and forecasting, warning dissemination and preparedness that enables timely action ahead of hazards.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early Warning System<\/a>, FAO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GRADE<\/td><td>Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation, World Bank<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0130SK\u0130<\/td><td>Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LULUCF<\/td><td>land use, land-use change and forestry<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MGM<\/td><td>Turkish State Meteorological Service<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NDC<\/td><td>nationally determined contribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>OGM<\/td><td>General Directorate of Forestry<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>TERRA<\/td><td>T\u00fcrkiye Earthquakes Recovery and Reconstruction Assessment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>TMMOB<\/td><td>Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>TurkStat<\/td><td>Turkish Statistical Institute<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.10<\/span><span>Technical annex<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-tab12\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.12<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Technical annex<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Annex<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contents<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A.1<\/td><td>Indicator definitions<\/td><td>the baseline indicator set, with units and sources<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.2<\/td><td>Coupling strengths<\/td><td>the twenty-cell matrix and its rationale<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.3<\/td><td>Scenario specification<\/td><td>SCN-TUR-DRT-01 assumptions and signposts<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.4<\/td><td>Capability placements<\/td><td>rung evidence for fifteen functions<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.5<\/td><td>Model diagnostics<\/td><td>first runs and validation<\/td><td>Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.6<\/td><td>Sensitivity analyses<\/td><td>influence of coupling strengths<\/td><td>Q2 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.7<\/td><td>Provincial notes<\/td><td>atlas cards for every province<\/td><td>Q2 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.8<\/td><td>Review statements<\/td><td>pass-by-pass review record<\/td><td>AT RELEASE<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">A.1 \u00b7 indicator definition, net greenhouse-gas emissions<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Construct<\/dt><dd>annual emissions minus land-use removals<\/dd><dt>Unit<\/dt><dd>Mt CO\u2082e, AR5 100-year potentials<\/dd><dt>Scope<\/dt><dd>calendar year<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>TurkStat inventory<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-ca-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Revision<\/dt><dd>back-revised in later releases<\/dd><dt>Known limits<\/dt><dd>the 2024 total used here excludes land use; the net series is not bound<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Annexes carry the same evidence, review and correction rules as the chapters and are versioned with the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statistics, 1990\u20132024. TurkStat, Ankara, 27 March 2026. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-ca-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Presidency of the Republic of T\u00fcrkiye, Strategy and Budget Office (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Earthquakes Recovery and Reconstruction Assessment (TERRA). Ankara, March 2023, with UNDP, World Bank and EU support. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-ca-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (ed.), legally protected areas at the end of 2025, as reported by Daily Sabah. Ankara, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-ca-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks (ed.), Nature Conservation Status Report 2023. Ankara, 2023. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-ca-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ca-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> (ed.), 7th State of the Environment Report of T\u00fcrkiye. Ankara, 2024. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-ca-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-part-data\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/\">Turkiye 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex B<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Data appendix<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>8 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>7 tables<\/span><span>22 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.1<\/span><span>The indicator set<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Baseline indicator set<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GHG emissions, total<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">584.5<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GHG emissions per person<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">6.8<\/span><\/td><td>t CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy-sector emissions<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">419.9<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2035 limit including land use<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">643<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>target<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Installed power capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">122,519<\/span><\/td><td>MW<\/td><td>end 2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Renewables in installed capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">62.3<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>end 2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coal in electricity generation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">34<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wind and solar in generation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u224822<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Primary energy imported<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u224867<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy import bill<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">62.5<\/span><\/td><td>USD billion<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mean temperature<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">15.1<\/span><\/td><td>\u00b0C<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Areal precipitation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">414.9<\/span><\/td><td>mm<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wheat harvest<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u224817.9<\/span><\/td><td>Mt<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">86,092,168<\/span><\/td><td>people<\/td><td>31 Dec 2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Aged 65 or over<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">9,583,059<\/span><\/td><td>people<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> deaths, 6 February 2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u224853,500<\/span><\/td><td>deaths<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recovery and reconstruction need<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u2248103.6<\/span><\/td><td>USD billion<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forest burned<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">81,473<\/span><\/td><td>ha<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Residential units with <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> cover<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u224858<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Net emissions with land use, latest year<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>TurkStat<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat deaths, national season total<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>deaths<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>Ministry of Health<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Share of land under protection<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>Ministry of Agriculture<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National reservoir storage<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>State Hydraulic Works<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-actions nrp-noprint\"><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:text\/csv;charset=utf-8,Indicator%2CValue%2CUnit%2CYear%2CState%2CSource%0A%22GHG%20emissions%2C%20total%22%2C584.5%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0AGHG%20emissions%20per%20person%2C6.8%2Ct%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0AEnergy-sector%20emissions%2C419.9%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0A2035%20limit%20including%20land%20use%2C643%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2Ctarget%2CREPORTED%2C%5B3%5D%0AInstalled%20power%20capacity%2C%22122%2C519%22%2CMW%2Cend%202025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B17%5D%0ARenewables%20in%20installed%20capacity%2C62.3%2C%25%2Cend%202025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B17%5D%0ACoal%20in%20electricity%20generation%2C34%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B14%5D%0AWind%20and%20solar%20in%20generation%2C%E2%89%8822%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B14%5D%0APrimary%20energy%20imported%2C%E2%89%8867%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B15%5D%0AEnergy%20import%20bill%2C62.5%2CUSD%20billion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B16%5D%0AMean%20temperature%2C15.1%2C%C2%B0C%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B8%5D%0AAreal%20precipitation%2C414.9%2Cmm%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B8%5D%0AWheat%20harvest%2C%E2%89%8817.9%2CMt%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B20%5D%0APopulation%2C%2286%2C092%2C168%22%2Cpeople%2C31%20Dec%202025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0AAged%2065%20or%20over%2C%229%2C583%2C059%22%2Cpeople%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B25%5D%0A%22Earthquake%20deaths%2C%206%20February%202023%22%2C%22%E2%89%8853%2C500%22%2Cdeaths%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B9%5D%0ARecovery%20and%20reconstruction%20need%2C%E2%89%88103.6%2CUSD%20billion%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B11%5D%0AForest%20burned%2C%2281%2C473%22%2Cha%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B24%5D%0AResidential%20units%20with%20earthquake%20cover%2C%E2%89%8858%2C%25%2C2026%2CREPORTED%2C%5B29%5D%0A%22Net%20emissions%20with%20land%20use%2C%20latest%20year%22%2CNot%20bound%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2CTurkStat%20%5B2%5D%0A%22Heat%20deaths%2C%20national%20season%20total%22%2CNot%20bound%2Cdeaths%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2CMinistry%20of%20Health%0AShare%20of%20land%20under%20protection%2CNot%20bound%2C%25%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2CMinistry%20of%20Agriculture%20%5B27%5D%0ANational%20reservoir%20storage%2CNot%20bound%2C%25%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2CState%20Hydraulic%20Works%0A\" download=\"NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-indicators.csv\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, CSV<\/a><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:application\/json;charset=utf-8,%7B%0A%20%22edition%22%3A%20%22NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE%22%2C%0A%20%22title%22%3A%20%22Turkiye%20Systems%20Risk%20and%20Resilience%20Report%202026%3A%20The%20State%20of%20Turkiye%E2%80%99s%20Interdependent%20Systems%22%2C%0A%20%22status%22%3A%20%22Draft%20under%20stewardship%20review%3B%20not%20yet%20released%22%2C%0A%20%22licence%22%3A%20%22CC-BY-4.0%20for%20the%20edition%20table%3B%20each%20value%20keeps%20its%20source's%20licence%22%2C%0A%20%22columns%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%22Indicator%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Value%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Unit%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Year%22%2C%0A%20%20%22State%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Source%22%0A%20%5D%2C%0A%20%22rows%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22GHG%20emissions%2C%20total%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22584.5%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22GHG%20emissions%20per%20person%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%226.8%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22t%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Energy-sector%20emissions%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22419.9%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%222035%20limit%20including%20land%20use%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22643%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22target%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B3%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Installed%20power%20capacity%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22122%2C519%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22MW%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22end%202025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B17%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Renewables%20in%20installed%20capacity%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2262.3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22end%202025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B17%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Coal%20in%20electricity%20generation%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2234%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B14%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Wind%20and%20solar%20in%20generation%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%8822%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B14%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Primary%20energy%20imported%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%8867%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B15%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Energy%20import%20bill%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2262.5%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22USD%20billion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B16%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Mean%20temperature%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2215.1%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%C2%B0C%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B8%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Areal%20precipitation%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22414.9%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22mm%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B8%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Wheat%20harvest%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%8817.9%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B20%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2286%2C092%2C168%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22people%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2231%20Dec%202025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Aged%2065%20or%20over%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%229%2C583%2C059%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22people%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B25%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Earthquake%20deaths%2C%206%20February%202023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%8853%2C500%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22deaths%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B9%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Recovery%20and%20reconstruction%20need%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%88103.6%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22USD%20billion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B11%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Forest%20burned%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2281%2C473%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22ha%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B24%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Residential%20units%20with%20earthquake%20cover%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%8858%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222026%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B29%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Net%20emissions%20with%20land%20use%2C%20latest%20year%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22TurkStat%20%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Heat%20deaths%2C%20national%20season%20total%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22deaths%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Ministry%20of%20Health%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Share%20of%20land%20under%20protection%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Ministry%20of%20Agriculture%20%5B27%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22National%20reservoir%20storage%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22State%20Hydraulic%20Works%22%0A%20%20%5D%0A%20%5D%0A%7D\" download=\"NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-indicators.json\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, JSON<\/a><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOTES<\/p><p>Values come from the cited releases. Some are read through press reports of an official release and are marked in the source register. Rows marked NOT BOUND name the source that would fill them. A machine-readable copy of this table is published with the evidence bundle at release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.2<\/span><span>National source register<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Domains bound by the register<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">WAT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ENE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FOO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">HLT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">BIO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">CLI<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">INF<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FIN<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">TRD<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">MIN<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">National source register<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Category<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Period<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GHG inventory 1990\u20132024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national statistics<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>1990\u20132024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 ENE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national technical authority<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> assessments<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank \u00b7 government<\/td><td>regional<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>SEI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> reporting<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national disaster agency<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>SEI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity review<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>independent analyst<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>ENE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Primary energy mix<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ministry<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>ENE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Crop monitoring<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>FAO \u00b7 national statistics<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2025\u20132026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FOO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water and reservoir data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>agency \u00b7 utility, via press<\/td><td>national \u00b7 city<\/td><td>2024\u20132025<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>WAT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population results<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national statistics<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Insurance pool data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>insurance pool, via press<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>FIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate contribution<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>government \u00b7 trade press<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FIXTURE PROHIBITION<\/p><p>No demonstration or reference-cartographic fixture is used as evidence in this edition. The publication gate checks every binding against this register.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.3<\/span><span>Regional reading, Turkiye by region<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Map plates for every province follow in Q2 2027, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Selected population figures<\/h3><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">provinces<\/span><p>affected by the 2023 earthquakes<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">14.01<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>people in those provinces<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">93.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>living in province and district centres<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1.52<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>foreign residents<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional reading, Turkiye by region<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Region<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Principal hazards<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems most exposed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Marmara<\/td><td>earthquakes near Istanbul; heat; drought<\/td><td>finance, industry, water supply<\/td><td>Marmara <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Aegean<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a>; drought; earthquakes<\/td><td>agriculture, tourism<\/td><td>fire season 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mediterranean<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/eco\/\" data-txl=\"Land and ecosystems\">wildfire<\/a>; heat; drought<\/td><td>agriculture, tourism<\/td><td>fire season 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Central Anatolia<\/td><td>drought; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.groundwater-depletion\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"Aquifers drawn down faster than they refill, lowering wells and driving land subsidence and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">groundwater depletion<\/a>; sinkholes<\/td><td>cereals, water<\/td><td>Konya Plain<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Black Sea<\/td><td>flood and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h19\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.slope.slide\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Slope failure and mass movement\" data-td=\"A mass of soil or rock moving downslope along a defined shear surface, from slow creep to sudden failure.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H19\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\">landslide<\/a> exposure; not bound<\/td><td>forest, hazelnut, tea<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Eastern and Southeastern Anatolia<\/td><td>earthquakes; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/hydrometeorological-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/energy-nexus\/\" data-tal=\"Energy Nexus\">extreme heat<\/a><\/td><td>cereals, energy, hosting population<\/td><td>earthquakes 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 50.5 \u00b0C record 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Regional readings summarise the cited evidence. They are not risk ratings of any province.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.4<\/span><span>Atlas card, Konya Plain<\/span><\/h2><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">plain<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">cereal basin<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">groundwater<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">drought<\/li><\/ul><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Systems in view<\/dt><dd>water, food, land and energy for irrigation<\/dd><dt>Defining events<\/dt><dd>about 684 sinkholes counted; falling groundwater<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Couplings<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 FOO; WAT \u2192 INF<\/dd><dt>Capability evidence<\/dt><dd>not bound<\/dd><dt>Gaps<\/dt><dd>well licensing and abstraction data; crop-water use<\/dd><dt>Agenda items<\/dt><dd>A-01 \u00b7 A-03<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">An expert quoted in press reports gives falls of 4 to 5 metres a year, against half a metre a year in the 2000s. This is an expert estimate, not a monitoring series.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">WATER<\/h3><p>Groundwater falling<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The national wheat harvest fell 13.7% in 2025 [20]. The Konya share is not bound in this edition.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">FOOD<\/h3><p>A drought-hit harvest<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">About 684 sinkholes were counted across the plain in an assessment reported in December 2025 [23].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">LAND<\/h3><p>Sinkholes on farmland<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Atlas cards are generated for every province from Q2 2027 with consistent fields and evidence-age labels. The Konya Plain is shown first because it holds the leading compound pathway.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.5<\/span><span>Turkiye system card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The card through which Turkiye appears in the Eurasia regional edition and the global series. It summarises; it does not rank.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Turkiye system card<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline state<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>about 1,308 m\u00b3 per person<\/td><td>drought and groundwater stress<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>renewables 62.3% of capacity<\/td><td>import disruption<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>wheat down 13.7% in 2025<\/td><td>short harvest and import prices<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>younger population; heat data not bound<\/td><td>heat and care load<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>fire and land-use pressure<\/td><td>fire and drying<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Context<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Archetype<\/dt><dd>large economy with a young population, high seismic exposure and a drying Mediterranean climate (Nexus reading)<\/dd><dt>Population<\/dt><dd>86.09 million (2025)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Trade<\/dt><dd>imports about 67% of primary energy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Hazard<\/dt><dd>about 53,500 deaths in the 2023 earthquakes<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Turkiye\u2019s card sits beside its neighbours\u2019; shared basins, grids, corridors and supply chains are read as one regional system.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EURASIA REGIONAL EDITION<\/h3><p>One regional system<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Turkish evidence enters the water, energy, food, finance and climate sector reports through the same finding identifiers, so a correction travels everywhere at once.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES<\/h3><p>Same findings, same IDs<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">In the global edition Turkiye is read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL FLAGSHIP<\/h3><p>Peers, not ranks<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>External rankings, where cited, keep their own method and source. Nexus never converts them into a rating, and Turkiye\u2019s national ownership of its edition is unaffected.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.6<\/span><span>Licences<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Licences of each kind of material<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Material<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Text<\/td><td>CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data<\/td><td>on the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td>Nexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maps<\/td><td>boundary source and licence printed on each plate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Metadata<\/td><td>CC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Third-party data, figures and text<\/td><td>The source&#8217;s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.7<\/span><span>Formats and provenance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">This edition in every format<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Format<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it is<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Web edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>Draft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Print edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indicator data<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CSV \u00b7 JSON<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>23 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE data release v1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">SVG \u00b7 PNG<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIG-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-*<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slides<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No slide deck is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence brief<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML \u00b7 PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No evidence brief is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dataset with DOI<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DataCite<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>Concept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Provenance<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Edition pack<\/dt><dd>The edition&#8217;s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built<\/dd><dt>Evidence cut<\/dt><dd>NQ-TUR-2026-Q0-1, closed 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters<\/dd><dt>Self-check<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release<\/dd><dt>Review<\/dt><dd>five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>GCRI for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Corrections<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statistics, 1990\u20132024. TurkStat, Ankara, 27 March 2026. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> (ed.), \u201cT\u00fcrkiye submits its second Nationally Determined Contribution to the United Nations.\u201d Ankara, November 2025. Observation year 2035 target.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (ed.), installed power capacity at the end of 2025, as reported by SolarQuarter citing SHURA. Ankara, 22 January 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Electricity Review 2026. Ember, London, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (ed.), Primary Energy Mix of T\u00fcrkiye 2024, presentation at the IENE conference. Ankara and Athens, 19 March 2026. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>SHURA Energy Transition Center (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Energy Transition Outlook 2025. SHURA, Istanbul, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Turkish State Meteorological Service (ed.), 2025 Climate Assessment of T\u00fcrkiye (in Turkish). MGM, Ankara, 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Crop Production Statistics 2025, as reported by eFeedLink. Ankara, 30 December 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Address Based Population Registration System Results 2025. TurkStat, Ankara, 9 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Elderly Statistics 2025. TurkStat, Ankara, March 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (ed.), Report on the first year after the 6 February 2023 earthquakes, citing official figures. TMMOB, Ankara, 2024. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Presidency of the Republic of T\u00fcrkiye, Strategy and Budget Office (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Earthquakes Recovery and Reconstruction Assessment (TERRA). Ankara, March 2023, with UNDP, World Bank and EU support. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>General Directorate of Forestry (OGM), 2025 forest-fire statistics, as reported by Turkish Minute. Ankara, 11 March 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool (DASK), compulsory <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> insurance coverage, as reported by Daily Sabah. Ankara and Istanbul, August 2026. Observation year 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks (ed.), Nature Conservation Status Report 2023. Ankara, 2023. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank and GFDRR (eds.), Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) Report: February 6, 2023 Kahramanmara\u015f Earthquakes, T\u00fcrkiye Report. World Bank, Washington DC, February 2023. Observation year 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Al Jazeera (ed.), \u201cMagnitude 6.2 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> jolts T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Istanbul,\u201d reporting AFAD data. Doha, 23 April 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: T\u00fcrkiye. FAO, Rome, reference date 7 September 2026. Observation years 2025\u20132026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>State Hydraulic Works (DS\u0130), per-person annual water availability 2000 and 2024, as reported by Anadolu Agency and Milliyet. Ankara, 2025. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (\u0130SK\u0130), reservoir occupancy of 17 October 2025, as reported by TRT Haber. Istanbul, October 2025. Observation date 17 October 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>Enerdata (ed.), \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019s NDC aims to cut GHG emissions by 466 MtCO\u2082eq by 2035, to 643 MtCO\u2082eq.\u201d Enerdata, Grenoble, November 2025. Observation year 2035 target.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cb-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Reuters, \u201cSinkholes in Turkey\u2019s agricultural heartland fuel farmers\u2019 concerns,\u201d with AFAD assessment of 684 sinkholes, as published by Al-Monitor and The Star. 23 December 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-tur-cb-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-part-references\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cc-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/\">Turkiye 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex C<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">References and record<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Every source the edition rests on, the publication record, the corrections log and the open record.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>11 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>0 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cc-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-cc-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cc-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.1<\/span><span>46 sources<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">NR-CIT-1, editor first. A DOI is linked where the source has one; Nexus records carry a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> once the catalogue allocates it (NS-1).<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Address Based Population Registration System Results 2025. TurkStat, Ankara, 9 February 2026. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statistics, 1990\u20132024. TurkStat, Ankara, 27 March 2026. Observation year 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> (ed.), \u201cT\u00fcrkiye submits its second Nationally Determined Contribution to the United Nations.\u201d Ankara, November 2025. Observation year 2035 target. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye: 2035 NDC assessment. Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, Berlin, 2025\u20132026. Observation year 2035 target. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>University of Maryland Center for Global Sustainability (ed.), 2035 NDC Assessment: T\u00fcrkiye. UMD CGS, College Park, August 2026. Observation year 2035 target. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Grand National Assembly of T\u00fcrkiye (ed.), Climate Law, Law No. 7552. Official Gazette No. 32951, Ankara, 9 July 2025. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>International Carbon Action Partnership (ed.), \u201cT\u00fcrkiye adopts landmark climate law paving way for national ETS.\u201d ICAP, Berlin, July 2025. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>Turkish State Meteorological Service (ed.), 2025 Climate Assessment of T\u00fcrkiye (in Turkish). MGM, Ankara, 2026. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (ed.), Report on the first year after the 6 February 2023 earthquakes, citing official figures. TMMOB, Ankara, 2024. Observation year 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 7<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank and GFDRR (eds.), Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) Report: February 6, 2023 Kahramanmara\u015f Earthquakes, T\u00fcrkiye Report. World Bank, Washington DC, February 2023. Observation year 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Presidency of the Republic of T\u00fcrkiye, Strategy and Budget Office (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Earthquakes Recovery and Reconstruction Assessment (TERRA). Ankara, March 2023, with UNDP, World Bank and EU support. Observation year 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Al Jazeera (ed.), \u201cMagnitude 6.2 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> jolts T\u00fcrkiye\u2019s Istanbul,\u201d reporting AFAD data. Doha, 23 April 2025. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 7<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>T. Parsons, \u201cRecalculated probability of M \u2265 7 earthquakes beneath the Sea of Marmara, Turkey,\u201d Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol. 109, B05304, 2004. doi:10.1029\/2003JB002667. Observation period 2004\u20132034. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2003JB002667\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.1029\/2003JB002667<\/a> <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Electricity Review 2026. Ember, London, 2026. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (ed.), Primary Energy Mix of T\u00fcrkiye 2024, presentation at the IENE conference. Ankara and Athens, 19 March 2026. Observation year 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>SHURA Energy Transition Center (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye Energy Transition Outlook 2025. SHURA, Istanbul, 2026. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (ed.), installed power capacity at the end of 2025, as reported by SolarQuarter citing SHURA. Ankara, 22 January 2026. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Engineering News (ed.), \u201cAkkuyu nuclear power plant project, T\u00fcrkiye: update.\u201d Johannesburg, 4 September 2026, with Interfax report of 21 September 2026. Observation year 2026. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: T\u00fcrkiye. FAO, Rome, reference date 7 September 2026. Observation years 2025\u20132026. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Crop Production Statistics 2025, as reported by eFeedLink. Ankara, 30 December 2025. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>State Hydraulic Works (DS\u0130), per-person annual water availability 2000 and 2024, as reported by Anadolu Agency and Milliyet. Ankara, 2025. Observation year 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (\u0130SK\u0130), reservoir occupancy of 17 October 2025, as reported by TRT Haber. Istanbul, October 2025. Observation date 17 October 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 5, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Reuters, \u201cSinkholes in Turkey\u2019s agricultural heartland fuel farmers\u2019 concerns,\u201d with AFAD assessment of 684 sinkholes, as published by Al-Monitor and The Star. 23 December 2025. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 5, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>General Directorate of Forestry (OGM), 2025 forest-fire statistics, as reported by Turkish Minute. Ankara, 11 March 2026. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Elderly Statistics 2025. TurkStat, Ankara, March 2026. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (ed.), legally protected areas at the end of 2025, as reported by Daily Sabah. Ankara, 2026. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks (ed.), Nature Conservation Status Report 2023. Ankara, 2023. Observation year 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change (ed.), 7th State of the Environment Report of T\u00fcrkiye. Ankara, 2024. Observation year 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool (DASK), compulsory <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> insurance coverage, as reported by Daily Sabah. Ankara and Istanbul, August 2026. Observation year 2026. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNHCR (ed.), Annual Results Report 2025: T\u00fcrkiye. UNHCR, Geneva, 2026. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>OECD (ed.), OECD Economic Surveys: T\u00fcrkiye 2025. OECD Publishing, Paris, April 2025. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.), Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2023. Observation year 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015. Observation year 2015. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022. Observation year 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNFCCC (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>. United Nations, Paris, 2015. Observation year 2015. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>International Energy Agency (ed.), Global Energy Review 2025. IEA, Paris, 2025. Observation year 2024.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>Munich Re (ed.), Natural disasters in 2025: NatCatSERVICE full-year figures. Munich Re, Munich, January 2026. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054. Observation year 2024. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.13850054\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054<\/a> <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. Observation year 2018. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>World Health Organization (ed.), World Health Statistics 2025. WHO, Geneva, 2025. Observation year 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports: The Foundational Edition, Volumes I and II. Reports series, Edition 2026\u20132030, V1.0. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. Observation year 2026.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>Enerdata (ed.), \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019s NDC aims to cut GHG emissions by 466 MtCO\u2082eq by 2035, to 643 MtCO\u2082eq.\u201d Enerdata, Grenoble, November 2025. Observation year 2035 target.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>Climate Analytics (ed.), 1.5\u00b0C national pathway explorer: T\u00fcrkiye. Climate Analytics, Berlin, 2025. Observation year 2035 pathway. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>Turkish Statistical Institute (ed.), Life Tables, 2021\u20132023. TurkStat, Ankara, 2024. Observation years 2021\u20132023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-tur-ref-46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>International Energy Agency (ed.), T\u00fcrkiye 2021: Energy Policy Review. IEA, Paris, 2021. Observation year 2020. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cc-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-cc-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cc-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.2<\/span><span>Publication record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Title<\/dt><dd>Turkiye <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026, Baseline Edition<\/dd><dt>Series<\/dt><dd>Reports \u00b7 Edition 2026\u20132030<\/dd><dt>Edition<\/dt><dd>Baseline Edition 2026 \u00b7 inaugural annual<\/dd><dt>Version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 \u00b7 draft for stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Publication date<\/dt><dd>October 2026<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>concept and version DOI at deposit<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publisher<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Place<\/dt><dd>Toronto<\/dd><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor<\/dd><dt>Stewards<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 technical truth \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 public meaning \u00b7 GRA \u00b7 capital meaning<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>text CC BY 4.0; data on the terms of each source<\/dd><dt>Copyright<\/dt><dd>\u00a9 2026 GCRI \u00b7 Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Language<\/dt><dd>English (en-GB) source edition<\/dd><dt>Correspondence<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway \u00b7 editorial office<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">DISCLAIMER<\/p><p>This edition is published for research, planning and public understanding. It is not a government assessment, an official warning, a rating, a certification, investment advice or an operational authorisation. Reasonable care has been taken with every source; consult the cited originals before relying on any value.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Colophon<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Format<\/dt><dd>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF<\/dd><dt>Typefaces<\/dt><dd>Space Grotesk (display) \u00b7 Geist (text) \u00b7 IBM Plex Sans Italic (standfirsts) \u00b7 IBM Plex Mono (data)<\/dd><dt>Design standard<\/dt><dd>Reports Foundational Edition, Volume I, Part VII<\/dd><dt>Accessibility<\/dt><dd>tagged PDF and HTML targets; text alternatives for every figure<\/dd><dt>Production<\/dt><dd>Reports editorial team, GCRI<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HOW TO CORRECT THIS EDITION<\/p><p>Report errors, omissions or objections through the Registry correction pathway. Each report is logged and answered; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version, and the original remains resolvable.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Release path for this version<\/h3><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cc-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table C.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Release path for this version<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">When<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Draft<\/td><td>editorial self-check complete at evidence close<\/td><td>October 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Steward review<\/td><td>five passes on the exact draft (keys T \u00b7 M \u00b7 F \u00b7 N)<\/td><td>Q4 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approval<\/td><td>publication authority approves the exact digest<\/td><td>before release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deposit<\/td><td>concept and version DOI minted; registry pointer set<\/td><td>at release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Succession<\/td><td>the Q1 2027 edition reports changes against this baseline<\/td><td>Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Current version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 draft, stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Previous edition<\/dt><dd>none, first edition of the series<\/dd><dt>Next edition<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2027-Q1-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Latest version<\/dt><dd>resolve the concept DOI or the registry record<\/dd><dt>Correction route<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway<\/dd><dt>Notice types<\/dt><dd>erratum \u00b7 addendum \u00b7 supersession \u00b7 withdrawal<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NO CORRECTIONS \u2260 NO LIMITS<\/p><p>The absence of corrections does not mean the absence of limitations. Limitations and uncertainty are stated where they arise in the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><div id=\"nx-nr-tur-corrections\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cc-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-cc-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cc-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.3<\/span><span>Corrections log<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-corr\"><p class=\"nx-nr-corr-sum\"><span class=\"nx-nr-corr-n\">0<\/span><span>correction notices. No edition has been released yet, so none can be corrected; the log below lists each edition&#8217;s current version.<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Version<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Date<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Change<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Notice<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Edition\"><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">TUR<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Version\" class=\"nx-rd-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/td><td data-label=\"Date\">October 2026<\/td><td data-label=\"State\">Draft<\/td><td data-label=\"Change\">Baseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition,<\/td><td data-label=\"Notice\">None<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-rd-source\">Notice types: erratum, addendum, supersession, withdrawal. A correction is a new version with a published notice; the earlier version stays resolvable, and no edition is ever edited in silence.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-tur-outputs\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cc-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-cc-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cc-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.4<\/span><span>Open record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-os\"><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>This edition&#8217;s open record<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Desk identifier and series alias<\/dt><dd>NR-NAT-TUR-2026-BL<\/dd><dt>Collection<\/dt><dd>None<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>Concept and version DOI at deposit, on Zenodo with DataCite metadata<\/dd><dt>Versions<\/dt><dd>Each correction is a new version (isNewVersionOf); the concept DOI resolves to the latest<\/dd><dt>Bundle<\/dt><dd>RO-Crate 1.2 with CITATION.cff, CodeMeta and PROV-O provenance; a signed manifest<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Credit and identity<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>ORCID<\/dt><dd>Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record<\/dd><dt>ROR<\/dt><dd>Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone<\/dd><dt>CRediT<\/dt><dd>Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing<\/dd><dt>Account<\/dt><dd>None needed to contribute; never a password<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Find and follow<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">Search the open indexes for Turkiye; software is cited by its SWHID from Software Heritage, and a quantified scenario run is preregistered on OSF before it is run. Annotation is your choice: Hypothesis opens this page in its own viewer.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-nr-os-links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/openalex.org\/works?search=Nexus%20Reports%20Turkiye\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAlex<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.openaire.eu\/search\/find?fv0=Nexus%20Reports%20Turkiye&amp;f0=q\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAIRE<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/search\/works?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Turkiye\" rel=\"noopener\">Crossref<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.datacite.org\/?query=Nexus%20Reports%20Turkiye\" rel=\"noopener\">DataCite Commons<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/search?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Turkiye\" rel=\"noopener\">Zenodo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.softwareheritage.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Software Heritage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/prereg\/\" rel=\"noopener\">OSF preregistration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/via.hypothes.is\/https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Annotate with Hypothesis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Mirrors and harvest<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">The DOI is canonical. At release each signed bundle is also given an IPFS content identifier and a bloxberg anchor as mirrors; both are listed in the record once they exist. Zenodo exposes every record over OAI-PMH, and reviews and endorsements can arrive through COAR Notify where the repository supports it.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><figure class=\"nx-nr-code\"><figcaption class=\"nx-nr-code-cap\">InvenioRDM metadata for a contribution on Turkiye, prefilled from this page<\/figcaption><pre class=\"nx-nr-pre\" tabindex=\"0\"><code>{&#10;  &quot;metadata&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;id&quot;: &quot;dataset&quot;&#10;    },&#10;    &quot;title&quot;: &quot;Evidence on Turkiye for Nexus Reports&quot;,&#10;    &quot;publication_date&quot;: &quot;YYYY-MM-DD&quot;,&#10;    &quot;creators&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;person_or_org&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;type&quot;: &quot;personal&quot;,&#10;          &quot;family_name&quot;: &quot;Your family name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;given_name&quot;: &quot;Your given name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;identifiers&quot;: [&#10;            {&#10;              &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;orcid&quot;,&#10;              &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;0000-0000-0000-0000&quot;&#10;            }&#10;          ]&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;affiliations&quot;: [&#10;          {&#10;            &quot;id&quot;: &quot;ROR identifier of your organisation&quot;&#10;          }&#10;        ]&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;description&quot;: &quot;What it is, where its record is kept and how it bears on Turkiye Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026.&quot;,&#10;    &quot;rights&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;id&quot;: &quot;cc-by-4.0&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;subjects&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Nexus Reports&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Turkiye&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Country Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;related_identifiers&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/&quot;,&#10;        &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;url&quot;,&#10;        &quot;relation_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;issupplementto&quot;&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;publication-report&quot;&#10;        }&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;version&quot;: &quot;1.0.0&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;custom_fields&quot;: {},&#10;  &quot;access&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;record&quot;: &quot;public&quot;,&#10;    &quot;files&quot;: &quot;public&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;files&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;enabled&quot;: true&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;parent&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;communities&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;default&quot;: &quot;nexusreports&quot;&#10;    }&#10;  }&#10;}<\/code><\/pre><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-hook\" data-nx-research-hub=\"slot\" data-nx-research-context=\"{&quot;org&quot;:&quot;GCRI&quot;,&quot;site&quot;:&quot;gcri&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;edition&quot;,&quot;subject&quot;:&quot;Turkiye&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;Country Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;]}\" hidden><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-tur-pillars\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cc-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-tur-cc-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-tur-cc-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.5<\/span><span>Where this edition sits among the six pillars<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Foundry seals the evidence and Universe tests it; Reports publishes it; Standards takes its corrections and Academy teaches from it.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F03 Sealed observations and indicator series<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F04 After-action and scenario findings for<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F05 National Portfolio movement for chapter<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Applied in editions<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>: applied in editions.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>TUR edition<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Reports<\/span> Turkiye 2026, published in every format with its sources, citation and corrections.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F06 Method and correction findings as change<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F12 Q4 synthesis informs the next-year<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Taught in the open<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Academy<\/span> Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>What Foundry and Universe hand to this edition, and what it hands to Standards, Universe and Academy. From the programme spine; TUR is a drafted Baseline Edition, so these handoffs run from its first operational quarter.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Handoff<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Between<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What crosses, and when<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F03<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F04<\/span><\/td><td>Universe to Reports<\/td><td>After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F05<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus Standards to Reports<\/td><td>Nexus Standards: applied in editions.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F06<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Nexus Standards<\/td><td>Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F12<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Universe<\/td><td>Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"academy\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Risk Academy<\/td><td>Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-noprint\"><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Send evidence or a correction on Turkiye.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the GCRI <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Evidence desk. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work. Sent to the wrong desk, it is forwarded, not refused.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI Systems Evidence desk<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/#nx-sec-routing\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See which desk takes what you have<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The routing table opens the contribution page: what you have, the desk that takes it, how each contribution is reviewed and credited, and the licence.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/nexus-reports\/editions\/tur\/full#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><p class=\"nx-note\" data-nr-rights=\"true\"><a class=\"nx-link\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> Free to read. Text and figures: CC BY 4.0. Data: CC0 1.0. Authors keep copyright. Published by GCRI Canada.<\/p><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-tur-full-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-tur-full-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-tur-full-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/urban-flood\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Urban flood<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/risk-science\/risk-information-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Risk information standards and interoperability<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/data\/identification-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Identification (the UNI)<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script><style>@media print { @page { margin: 20mm 17mm 20mm 17mm; @top-left { content: \"Nexus Reports\"; font: 500 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @top-right { content: \"Turkiye Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026 \\0000b7  Baseline Edition 2026\"; font: 400 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Sans\", sans-serif; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-left { content: \"NR-COUNTRY-TUR-2026-BASELINE \\0000b7  Draft, not released\"; font: 400 7pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-center { content: \"CC BY 4.0. 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