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\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offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><div class=\"nrp\"><div class=\"nrp-wrap\"><p class=\"nrj-draft\" data-nrj-shared=\"draft\" role=\"note\"><strong>Draft, not yet released.<\/strong> In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.<\/p><article class=\"nrp-flow\"><header class=\"nrp-hero\"><div class=\"nrp-hero-grid\"><div><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Baseline Edition 2026<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Complete edition<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 class=\"pp-hero-title nrp-hero-title-l\">Exponential Technology Report 2026: Fusion and Frontier Energy<\/h1><p class=\"nrp-lede\"><\/p><div class=\"nrp-actions\"><button class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" type=\"button\" data-nrp-act=\"print\" hidden><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 18H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><path d=\"M6 9V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6\"\/><rect x=\"6\" y=\"14\" width=\"12\" height=\"8\" rx=\"1\"\/><\/svg>Print or save as PDF<\/button><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19 12H5\"\/><path d=\"m12 19-7-7 7-7\"\/><\/svg>Edition home<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nrp-note nrp-noprint\">Choose A4 or Letter in the print dialog; running heads and page numbers are added in print. This is a review copy: the signed PDF with its DOI is issued at release.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nrp-cover\"><div class=\"nrp-cover-top\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">XT-14<\/span><\/div><span class=\"nrp-cover-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"nrp-cover-k\">Exponential Technology<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-t\">Fusion and Frontier Energy 2026<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-s\"><\/p><div class=\"nrp-cover-foot\"><span>Baseline Edition 2026<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><span><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> for the Nexus Consortium<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block nrp-imprint\" aria-label=\"Imprint\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Imprint<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor, the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto<\/dd><dt>Report number<\/dt><dd class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026, cut DC-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-B0<\/dd><dt>Status<\/dt><dd>Draft under stewardship review; not yet released<\/dd><dt>DOI and UNI<\/dt><dd>Issued at deposit<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>CC BY 4.0 for Nexus-authored text, tables and figures; third-party material keeps its own licence<\/dd><dt>Cite as<\/dt><dd>Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Exponential Technology Report 2026: Fusion and Frontier Energy (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" aria-label=\"Contents\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Contents<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">\u00b7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-part-summary\">Executive summary<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-part-coupled-system\">Chapter 1. Fusion is an experiment record and a fuel-cycle question<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-part-findings\">Chapter 2. Key findings<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-part-systems-and-sectors\">Chapter 3. Systems and sectors at baseline<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-part-risk-and-capability\">Chapter 4. Risks and capability<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-part-scenario\">Chapter 5. First-plant fuel and licence set the pace<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-part-lenses-and-readings\">Chapter 6. Readings from the other desks<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-part-agenda\">Chapter 7. The 2027 agenda<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">8<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-part-systems-in-depth\">Chapter 8. Systems in depth<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-part-methodology\">Annex A. Methodology<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-part-data\">Annex B. Data appendix<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-part-references\">Annex C. References and record<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-part-summary\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/\">Fusion and Frontier Energy 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Executive summary<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Executive summary<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The edition on a few pages: the abstract, the key messages, the headline finding and what each steward reads in it.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>15 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.1<\/span><span>Abstract<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>Fusion energy matters to the Nexus programme as a possible future power source and as a present infrastructure question. The experimental record is strong and narrow. The National Ignition Facility produced 8.6 MJ of fusion energy from 2.08 MJ of laser energy delivered to the target on 7 April 2025, a target gain of 4.13<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. The JET tokamak produced 69 MJ in about 5 seconds in its final deuterium-tritium campaign<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>. WEST held a plasma for 1,337 seconds in February 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>, and EAST held a high-confinement plasma for 1,066 seconds in January 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>. No source read reports electricity delivered to a grid from fusion. ITER now plans deuterium-tritium operation in 2039<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>. The fuel cycle is the least measured part. Tritium is available commercially from one source, heavy-water reactors, and one analysis finds that the amount free for fusion in 2055 ranges from 0 to 27.7 kg<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup>. Lithium-6, needed for breeding, has effectively no supply today according to one company presentation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup>. Private investment reached USD 4.48 billion in the 12 months to July 2026, in a survey of 56 companies<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>. Public programmes expanded in the UK and Germany<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>. The US regulator proposed in February 2026 to license fusion machines under the byproduct material framework<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>. This baseline sets out what the evidence supports and where it is thin. It forecasts no plant date and ranks no country or company.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.2<\/span><span>Key messages<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Six readings that frame the fusion baseline, and the eight questions this edition answers, each with its status and source.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-km\"><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Yes at one facility, counting laser energy on target only: 8.6 MJ from 2.08 MJ in 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Has fusion produced more energy than the laser put in?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">WEST held a plasma for 1,337 seconds in 2025; EAST held 1,066 seconds in high confinement.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What is the longest plasma?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">The plan is 2039, with research operation from 2034.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>When will ITER burn deuterium and tritium?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">No source read reports it. Companies state plans for 2028 and the early 2030s.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Does any fusion plant deliver electricity?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Tritium free for fusion in 2055 ranges from 0 to 27.7 kg; lithium-6 supply is effectively zero today.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Is there enough fuel?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">USD 4.48 billion of private funding in the 12 months to July 2026, in a survey.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What does the money look like?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">A US rule is proposed to license fusion machines as byproduct material users.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What does regulation look like?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">First-plant fuel: start-up tritium and blanket demonstration. SCN-XT14-FUE-01<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What will 2027 test first?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.3<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-001<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">On 7 April 2025 the National Ignition Facility produced 8.6 MJ of fusion energy from 2.08 MJ of laser energy delivered to the target, a target gain of 4.13.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure S.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-fig1-t\">Energy in and out, NIF shot of 7 April 2025 (MJ)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Laser energy delivered to the target<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"24.2\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">2.08<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Fusion energy produced<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">8.6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory annual report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. Laser energy on target only; facility electricity is not included.<\/p><\/figure><p class=\"nrp-p\">Fusion energy out exceeded laser energy on target by a factor of 4.13. The laboratory lowered the maximum shot energy from 2.2 MJ to 1.9 MJ during refurbishment and plans an upgrade to 2.6 MJ, at which yields above 30 MJ become possible<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. The first ignition shot, on 5 December 2022, produced 3.15 MJ from 2.05 MJ<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.4<\/span><span>At a glance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4.13<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">times<\/span><p>NIF target gain, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,337<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">seconds<\/span><p>WEST plasma, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4.48<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">USD billion<\/span><p>private funding, 12 months to July 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2039<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">year<\/span><p>ITER deuterium-tritium plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">&gt;160<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">devices<\/span><p>operational, under construction or planned<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">&gt;2.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">GBP billion<\/span><p>UK funding over five years<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.5<\/span><span>What each steward reads in it<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports reading fusion as an experiment record and a fuel-cycle question.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people the fusion story arrives as a headline about a record or a start-up.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Private funding is growing, public programmes are expanding and plant dates are stated for the 2030s.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>Fusion is well described by single results and thinly measured as a system.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.6<\/span><span>What this edition is, and is not<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What this edition is<\/h3><p>A baseline: the 2026 state of fusion and frontier energy as infrastructure and the couplings through which it carries risk into other <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. It synthesises published evidence and ranks no country, company or asset.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What it is not<\/h3><p>Not a forecast of when any plant will deliver electricity, a technology ranking, an endorsement of any company or an assessment of any programme. Licensing, funding and fuel allocation are decisions of competent authorities.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What comes next<\/h3><p>National, regional and sector evidence feeds the 2027 fusion edition through the federation. Each edition reports what changed against this baseline: observations, source revisions, method changes, scenario updates and corrections.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (ed.), National Ignition Facility 2025 (annual report page; 8.6 MJ on 7 April 2025 from 2.08 MJ delivered, target gain 4.13; refurbishment and enhanced yield capability to 2.6 MJ). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), New world record set in JET final fusion experiments (news report of 9 February 2024; 69 MJ over 5 seconds from 0.2 milligrams of fuel; 59 MJ in 2021). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>CEA IRFM (ed.), WEST sets a new plasma duration record (news page; plasma 61299, 12 February 2025, 1,337 seconds, 2 MW lower hybrid heating, 2.6 GJ injected and extracted). Commissariat a l energie atomique et aux energies alternatives, Cadarache. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Physics World (ed.), China experimental advanced superconducting tokamak smashes fusion confinement record (news report; EAST 1066 seconds in high confinement, January 2025; earlier 403 seconds in 2023). IOP Publishing, Bristol. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>ITER Organization (ed.), ITER in a few lines (project page; baseline reviewed by the ITER Council in November 2024; start of research operation 2034; deuterium-tritium operation 2039; Q of 10, 500 MW from 50 MW). ITER Organization, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Coleman, M. and Kovari, M., Global supply of tritium for fusion R and D from heavy water reactors (conference paper, UK Atomic Energy Authority; abstract and introduction read from the PDF; 0 to 27.7 kg available in 2055 across scenarios; 7.4 kg for a demonstration reactor in 2055 in one case). UK Atomic Energy Authority, Abingdon. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Pearson, R.J., The availability and supply of critical natural resources for the realisation of a fusion pilot plant: fuels for fusion (presentation to the US Department of Energy fusion workshop, 1 to 3 June 2022; lithium-6 is 7.4% of natural lithium; blankets need 30 to 90%; supply effectively zero; a company presentation, weak evidence). Kyoto Fusioneering, London. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Fusion industry raised USD4.5 billion in past year, report says (14 July 2026; Fusion Industry Association 2026 survey: USD 4.48 billion in 12 months, USD 14.24 billion cumulative, 56 companies; an industry survey, weak evidence). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (ed.), A new energy revolution: the UK plan for delivering fusion energy (policy paper of 16 March 2026; over GBP 2.5 billion over five years; GBP 1.3 billion for STEP and UK Fusion Energy; the first 100,000 of 127,790 characters were read). UK Government, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Clean Energy Wire (ed.), German government pledges more than EUR 2 bln for nuclear fusion (news report of 2 October 2025; cabinet plan of 1 October 2025). Clean Energy Wire, Berlin. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (ed.), Federal Register notice of 26 February 2026, proposed rule on regulatory framework for fusion machines (10 CFR part 30; comments due 27 May 2026; the first 100,000 of 168,363 characters were read). Office of the Federal Register, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (ed.), NIF fusion ignition shot hailed as historic scientific feat (news page; shot of 5 December 2022, 3.15 MJ from 2.05 MJ; announced 13 December 2022). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Helion (ed.), Orion, the first fusion power plant (company page; Malaga, Washington; construction from 2025; initial operations stated for 2028; Microsoft agreement for 50 MW; a vendor announcement, weak evidence). Helion Energy, Everett. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Commonwealth Fusion <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> and Eni (eds.), Eni and CFS sign over USD 1 billion power purchase agreement (joint company release of 22 September 2025; 400 MW ARC plant in Chesterfield County, Virginia; grid connection in the early 2030s; a vendor announcement, weak evidence). Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Devens. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Fusion entering implementation phase, says Grossi (report on the IAEA World Fusion Outlook 2025; more than 160 devices; private investment above USD 10 billion; October 2025). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-part-coupled-system\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/\">Fusion and Frontier Energy 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 1<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Fusion is an experiment record and a fuel-cycle question<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Part I describes systems and their couplings. It ranks no country or operator and assesses no authority.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>2 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>13 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.1<\/span><span>The questions this part answers<\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Key questions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Where is fusion risk concentrated?<\/li><li>Which couplings carry fusion shocks into other <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>?<\/li><li>Which fusion capabilities hold under compound stress?<\/li><li>What must 2027 evidence measure first?<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">In this part<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Narrative<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Headline finding<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Lead figure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Five footprint and governance chapters<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Twelve-domain reading<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Sector screens<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Dependency matrix<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Risk objects<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Capability ladder<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Scenario<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Three lenses<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Portfolio<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.2<\/span><span>The argument<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>Fusion is usually discussed as a race to a first power plant. The 2026 evidence reads it as two things: a set of strong experimental records at research devices, and a set of infrastructure questions about fuel, materials, licensing and money that decide whether plants follow<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The experimental evidence is strong and narrow. NIF produced 8.6 MJ from 2.08 MJ of laser energy on target<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. JET produced 69 MJ over about 5 seconds<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>. WEST held a plasma for 1,337 seconds<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. Each is a different quantity on a different device, and none is electricity to a grid.<\/p><p>The schedule evidence is plain. ITER plans deuterium-tritium operation in 2039<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>. Companies state plants for 2028 and the early 2030s<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup>. The US roadmap targets power by the mid-2030s<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>. These are plans, and the baselines of public projects have moved before<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The fuel cycle is the least measured part. Tritium is available from heavy-water reactors only, and the amount free for fusion in 2055 ranges from 0 to 27.7 kg<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup>. Lithium-6 supply is effectively zero according to one presentation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup>. Licensing is moving: the US rule is proposed<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-fig1-t\">How long have fusion plasmas been held? Seconds<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Plasma duration in tokamaks rose from 403 seconds to 1,337 seconds in two years. Duration is not fusion power: WEST used 2 MW of heating in hydrogen, and the devices differ in regime and size<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">EAST, high confinement, 2023<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"30.1\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">403<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">EAST, high confinement, January 2025<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"79.7\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">1066<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">WEST, February 2025<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">1337<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: as cited in the note to this figure. Year 2025.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Figure ID FIG-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-01-003<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,337<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">seconds<\/span><p>WEST, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,066<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">seconds<\/span><p>EAST, high confinement, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">403<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">seconds<\/span><p>EAST, 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">GJ<\/span><p>energy injected and extracted in the WEST pulse<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.3<\/span><span>Twenty couplings between five systems<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The fusion-centred matrix types the twenty couplings between the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, read for their fusion content. Strengths are Nexus estimates (ESTIMATED) from the cited evidence and analogue events; they set the graph that 2027 evidence will test.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-fig2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-fig2-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-fig2-t\">Couplings between the five systems<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Each line is one coupling from one system to another, drawn by the strength the edition assigns. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events.<\/p><\/figcaption><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-ring\" viewBox=\"0 0 340 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Coupling ring: 20 typed couplings between water, energy, food, health and biodiversity. The matrix in the next table carries every value.\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><ul class=\"nrp-legend\"><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"STRONG\"><\/span>Strong<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"MODERATE\"><\/span>Moderate<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"WEAK\"><\/span>Weak<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: this edition&#8217;s coupling matrix (Table 1.1); status Estimated.<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling matrix: from the row system to the column system<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">From, to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">WAT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">ENE<\/th><th scope=\"col\">FOO<\/th><th scope=\"col\">HLT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">BIO<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><b>WAT<\/b> Water<\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">plant cooling<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>ENE<\/b> Energy<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">cooling load<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>FOO<\/b> Food<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>HLT<\/b> Health<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>BIO<\/b> Biodiversity<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"6\">Strength: strong, moderate or weak; a Nexus estimate (status Estimated) from cited evidence and analogue events. The scale is defined in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Transmission paths<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">MIN \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">A tritium or lithium-6 shortfall delays first plants.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> tritium and lithium analyses<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">FIN \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Private and public funding pay for devices and test facilities.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> USD 4.48 billion, 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">GOV \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Licensing rules set the route and timing for first plants.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> US proposed rule<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">INF \u2192 ENE<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">A successful plant would add firm power; none is documented.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> company statements<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">ENE \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Facility electricity limits what a shot or pulse means.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> NIF and WEST reports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (ed.), National Ignition Facility 2025 (annual report page; 8.6 MJ on 7 April 2025 from 2.08 MJ delivered, target gain 4.13; refurbishment and enhanced yield capability to 2.6 MJ). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Coleman, M. and Kovari, M., Global supply of tritium for fusion R and D from heavy water reactors (conference paper, UK Atomic Energy Authority; abstract and introduction read from the PDF; 0 to 27.7 kg available in 2055 across scenarios; 7.4 kg for a demonstration reactor in 2055 in one case). UK Atomic Energy Authority, Abingdon. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (ed.), Federal Register notice of 26 February 2026, proposed rule on regulatory framework for fusion machines (10 CFR part 30; comments due 27 May 2026; the first 100,000 of 168,363 characters were read). Office of the Federal Register, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), New world record set in JET final fusion experiments (news report of 9 February 2024; 69 MJ over 5 seconds from 0.2 milligrams of fuel; 59 MJ in 2021). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>CEA IRFM (ed.), WEST sets a new plasma duration record (news page; plasma 61299, 12 February 2025, 1,337 seconds, 2 MW lower hybrid heating, 2.6 GJ injected and extracted). Commissariat a l energie atomique et aux energies alternatives, Cadarache. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>ITER Organization (ed.), ITER in a few lines (project page; baseline reviewed by the ITER Council in November 2024; start of research operation 2034; deuterium-tritium operation 2039; Q of 10, 500 MW from 50 MW). ITER Organization, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Helion (ed.), Orion, the first fusion power plant (company page; Malaga, Washington; construction from 2025; initial operations stated for 2028; Microsoft agreement for 50 MW; a vendor announcement, weak evidence). Helion Energy, Everett. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Commonwealth Fusion <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> and Eni (eds.), Eni and CFS sign over USD 1 billion power purchase agreement (joint company release of 22 September 2025; 400 MW ARC plant in Chesterfield County, Virginia; grid connection in the early 2030s; a vendor announcement, weak evidence). Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Devens. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>US Department of Energy (ed.), Energy Department announces Fusion Science and Technology Roadmap to accelerate commercial fusion power (announcement of 16 October 2025; Build-Innovate-Grow; power on the grid by the mid-2030s; no funding commitment). US Department of Energy, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Physics Today (ed.), ITER costs are pinned down with caveats (news report on the 2016 baseline review; review committee chaired by A. Wagner; estimate without contingencies). American Institute of Physics, College Park. Observation year 2016. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Pearson, R.J., The availability and supply of critical natural resources for the realisation of a fusion pilot plant: fuels for fusion (presentation to the US Department of Energy fusion workshop, 1 to 3 June 2022; lithium-6 is 7.4% of natural lithium; blankets need 30 to 90%; supply effectively zero; a company presentation, weak evidence). Kyoto Fusioneering, London. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Physics World (ed.), China experimental advanced superconducting tokamak smashes fusion confinement record (news report; EAST 1066 seconds in high confinement, January 2025; earlier 403 seconds in 2023). IOP Publishing, Bristol. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Fusion industry raised USD4.5 billion in past year, report says (14 July 2026; Fusion Industry Association 2026 survey: USD 4.48 billion in 12 months, USD 14.24 billion cumulative, 56 companies; an industry survey, weak evidence). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-part-findings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/\">Fusion and Frontier Energy 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 2<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Key findings<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Twelve findings carry the fusion baseline. They are grouped by coupling and never ranked. Each resolves to its source or, where Nexus analysis is involved, to its stated method.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>8 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>23 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.1<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-001\">NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-001<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">On 7 April 2025 the National Ignition Facility produced 8.6 MJ of fusion energy from 2.08 MJ of laser energy delivered to the target, a target gain of 4.13.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 2.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-fig1-t\">Energy in and out, NIF shot of 7 April 2025 (MJ)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Laser energy delivered to the target<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"24.2\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">2.08<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Fusion energy produced<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">8.6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory annual report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. Laser energy on target only; facility electricity is not included.<\/p><\/figure><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Implication<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">Fusion energy out exceeded laser energy on target by a factor of 4.13. The laboratory lowered the maximum shot energy from 2.2 MJ to 1.9 MJ during refurbishment and plans an upgrade to 2.6 MJ, at which yields above 30 MJ become possible<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. The first ignition shot, on 5 December 2022, produced 3.15 MJ from 2.05 MJ<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What would move it<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">Refurbishment, the yield upgrade, repeat shots and a facility electricity figure would each move this finding.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.2<\/span><span>Infrastructure<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-001\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-001\">NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-001<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">On 7 April 2025 the National Ignition Facility produced 8.6 MJ of fusion energy from 2.08 MJ of laser energy delivered to the target, a target gain of 4.13; the first ignition shot of December 2022 produced 3.15 MJ from 2.05 MJ.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-002\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-002\">NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-002<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">In its final deuterium-tritium campaign the JET tokamak produced 69 MJ over about 5 seconds from 0.2 milligrams of fuel, up from 59 MJ in 2021; the result was announced on 9 February 2024.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-003\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-003\">NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-003<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">WEST held a hydrogen plasma for 1,337 seconds on 12 February 2025 with 2 MW of heating, and EAST held a high-confinement plasma for 1,066 seconds in January 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-004\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-004\">NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Wendelstein 7-X set a record for the triple product in long plasma pulses, held for 43 seconds, in a campaign that ended on 22 May 2025; tokamaks remain the record holders for short pulses.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-005\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-005\">NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-005<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">ITER plans deuterium-tritium operation in 2039, four years later than the 2016 reference plan, with research operation from 2034 and a target of 500 MW of fusion power from 50 MW of heating.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.3<\/span><span>Minerals<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-MIN-006\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-MIN-006\">NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-MIN-006<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Heavy-water reactors are the only commercial source of tritium; one analysis finds the amount free for fusion in 2055 ranges from 0 to 27.7 kg across scenarios, and policy commentary puts civilian stocks near 25 kg in 2024.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-MIN-007\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-MIN-007\">NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-MIN-007<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Breeding blankets need lithium enriched to 30 to 90% lithium-6, natural lithium holds 7.4%, and one company presentation states that current supply of lithium-6 is effectively zero.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.4<\/span><span>Finance<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-008\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-008\">NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-008<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Private fusion funding was USD 4.48 billion in the 12 months to July 2026 and USD 14.24 billion cumulative over six years, in a survey of 56 companies; the 2025 survey reported USD 2.64 billion and USD 9.766 billion across 53 companies.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-009\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-009\">NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-009<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Public programmes expanded: the UK strategy of March 2026 states over GBP 2.5 billion over five years, Germany states over EUR 2 billion by 2029, and China Fusion Energy Co. was set up with 15 billion yuan of registered capital.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-011\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-011\">NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-011<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Two companies state plans for first plants: Helion states initial operations in 2028 at a site in Washington State, and Commonwealth Fusion <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> and Eni state a 400 MW plant in Virginia connecting in the early 2030s. These are company statements, not results.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.5<\/span><span>Governance<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-GOV-010\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-GOV-010\">NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-GOV-010<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission proposed on 26 February 2026 to license fusion machines under the byproduct material framework of 10 CFR part 30, with comments due on 27 May 2026; the Department of Energy roadmap of 16 October 2025 targets power on the grid by the mid-2030s.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.6<\/span><span>Systemic<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\">NRF-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The leading compound pathway for 2027 testing is first-plant fuel: start-up tritium and blanket demonstration set the pace while plant dates are stated in the 2030s. \u00a7 scenario<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (ed.), National Ignition Facility 2025 (annual report page; 8.6 MJ on 7 April 2025 from 2.08 MJ delivered, target gain 4.13; refurbishment and enhanced yield capability to 2.6 MJ). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (ed.), NIF fusion ignition shot hailed as historic scientific feat (news page; shot of 5 December 2022, 3.15 MJ from 2.05 MJ; announced 13 December 2022). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), New world record set in JET final fusion experiments (news report of 9 February 2024; 69 MJ over 5 seconds from 0.2 milligrams of fuel; 59 MJ in 2021). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>CEA IRFM (ed.), WEST sets a new plasma duration record (news page; plasma 61299, 12 February 2025, 1,337 seconds, 2 MW lower hybrid heating, 2.6 GJ injected and extracted). Commissariat a l energie atomique et aux energies alternatives, Cadarache. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Physics World (ed.), China experimental advanced superconducting tokamak smashes fusion confinement record (news report; EAST 1066 seconds in high confinement, January 2025; earlier 403 seconds in 2023). IOP Publishing, Bristol. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Wendelstein 7-X sets new fusion performance records (news report of 4 June 2025; long-pulse triple product held for 43 seconds; announcement by the research institute and EUROfusion; peer-reviewed article not yet published at announcement). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>ITER Organization (ed.), ITER in a few lines (project page; baseline reviewed by the ITER Council in November 2024; start of research operation 2034; deuterium-tritium operation 2039; Q of 10, 500 MW from 50 MW). ITER Organization, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Physics Today (ed.), ITER costs are pinned down with caveats (news report on the 2016 baseline review; review committee chaired by A. Wagner; estimate without contingencies). American Institute of Physics, College Park. Observation year 2016. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Coleman, M. and Kovari, M., Global supply of tritium for fusion R and D from heavy water reactors (conference paper, UK Atomic Energy Authority; abstract and introduction read from the PDF; 0 to 27.7 kg available in 2055 across scenarios; 7.4 kg for a demonstration reactor in 2055 in one case). UK Atomic Energy Authority, Abingdon. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Theiding, T., Tritium: a few kilograms can make or break nuclear fusion (policy blog post of 6 March 2025; about 25 kg of civilian tritium in 2024; a student fellow commentary, weak evidence). Kleinman Center for Energy Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Pearson, R.J., The availability and supply of critical natural resources for the realisation of a fusion pilot plant: fuels for fusion (presentation to the US Department of Energy fusion workshop, 1 to 3 June 2022; lithium-6 is 7.4% of natural lithium; blankets need 30 to 90%; supply effectively zero; a company presentation, weak evidence). Kyoto Fusioneering, London. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ward, P. and colleagues, Lithium enrichment threatens to curb fusion deployment, arXiv:2605.04707, 2026, taken from search-result summaries. arXiv, Ithaca. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Fusion industry raised USD4.5 billion in past year, report says (14 July 2026; Fusion Industry Association 2026 survey: USD 4.48 billion in 12 months, USD 14.24 billion cumulative, 56 companies; an industry survey, weak evidence). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Access to funding remains a major issue for fusion, says FIA (report on the Fusion Industry Association 2025 survey of 23 July 2025: USD 2.64 billion, USD 9.766 billion cumulative, 53 companies; an industry survey, weak evidence). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (ed.), A new energy revolution: the UK plan for delivering fusion energy (policy paper of 16 March 2026; over GBP 2.5 billion over five years; GBP 1.3 billion for STEP and UK Fusion Energy; the first 100,000 of 127,790 characters were read). UK Government, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Clean Energy Wire (ed.), German government pledges more than EUR 2 bln for nuclear fusion (news report of 2 October 2025; cabinet plan of 1 October 2025). Clean Energy Wire, Berlin. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Germany boosts funding for fusion research (news report; Fusion Action Plan of October 2025; more than EUR 2 billion by 2029; about EUR 1.7 billion public research funding and up to EUR 755 million from an infrastructure fund). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>American Nuclear Society (ed.), China launches fusion-focused company (news report of 30 July 2025; China Fusion Energy Co., 15 billion yuan registered capital, subsidiary of a state nuclear group; BEST tokamak in Hefei hoped for 2027). American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Commonwealth Fusion <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> and Eni (eds.), Eni and CFS sign over USD 1 billion power purchase agreement (joint company release of 22 September 2025; 400 MW ARC plant in Chesterfield County, Virginia; grid connection in the early 2030s; a vendor announcement, weak evidence). Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Devens. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Helion (ed.), Orion, the first fusion power plant (company page; Malaga, Washington; construction from 2025; initial operations stated for 2028; Microsoft agreement for 50 MW; a vendor announcement, weak evidence). Helion Energy, Everett. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Helion (ed.), Helion secures land and begins building on the site of the first fusion power plant, release of 30 July 2025 (the release page returned a block) and the 2023 Microsoft agreement, taken from search-result summaries. Helion Energy, Everett. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (ed.), Federal Register notice of 26 February 2026, proposed rule on regulatory framework for fusion machines (10 CFR part 30; comments due 27 May 2026; the first 100,000 of 168,363 characters were read). Office of the Federal Register, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>US Department of Energy (ed.), Energy Department announces Fusion Science and Technology Roadmap to accelerate commercial fusion power (announcement of 16 October 2025; Build-Innovate-Grow; power on the grid by the mid-2030s; no funding commitment). US Department of Energy, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-part-systems-and-sectors\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/\">Fusion and Frontier Energy 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 3<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems and sectors at baseline<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>11 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.1<\/span><span>Where each system stood at evidence close<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">INF \u00b7 Inertial<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Record target gain at the National Ignition Facility<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">4.13<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">times<\/span><p>8.6 MJ from 2.08 MJ of laser energy on target.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>LLNL<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">INF \u00b7 Magnetic<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Longest plasma in the WEST tokamak<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,337<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">seconds<\/span><p>hydrogen plasma, 2 MW of heating; not a fusion power result.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>CEA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FIN \u00b7 Finance<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Private fusion funding in the 12 months to July 2026<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">4.48<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">USD billion<\/span><p>survey of 56 companies; self-reported.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2026<\/span><span>FIA via news<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">MIN \u00b7 Fuel<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Civilian tritium worldwide, one estimate<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224825<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">kg<\/span><p>policy commentary, mostly held by one country; weak evidence.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>Kleinman<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SYS \u00b7 Cross-system<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Start of deuterium-tritium operation at ITER<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">2039<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">year<\/span><p>a plan, four years later than the 2016 reference plan.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2039 plan<\/span><span>ITER<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GOV \u00b7 Public funding<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">UK government fusion funding over five years<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">&gt;2.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">GBP billion<\/span><p>strategy of March 2026; 1.3 billion for STEP and UK Fusion Energy.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2026<\/span><span>UK strategy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.2<\/span><span>Domain posture<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each of the twelve coupled domains is read through fusion, in words, not scored. The coupling column names the dependency that carries fusion risk into each domain.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Each domain read in words, not scored<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Domain<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Posture at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT<\/span><\/td><td>Plant cooling-water use is not published for any fusion plant design read.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE \u2192 WAT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE<\/span><\/td><td>No source read reports electricity delivered from fusion; experiments report energy on target or injected.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">the core system<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO<\/span><\/td><td>No documented coupling at baseline.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">none documented<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT<\/span><\/td><td>No documented coupling at baseline; tritium handling is an occupational question not evidenced here.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">none documented<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO<\/span><\/td><td>No documented coupling at baseline.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">none documented<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CLI<\/span><\/td><td>Fusion would matter for climate only at scale; no figure is bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE \u2192 CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF<\/span><\/td><td>The core system: records at research devices; ITER deuterium-tritium plan for 2039; plants stated for the 2030s.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">the core system<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN<\/span><\/td><td>USD 4.48 billion of private funding in the 12 months to July 2026; public programmes expanded.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN \u2192 INF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT<\/span><\/td><td>Fusion couples to data only through diagnostics and control; no figure is bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">none documented<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC<\/span><\/td><td>No documented coupling to compute platforms at baseline.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">none documented<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN<\/span><\/td><td>Tritium comes from heavy-water reactors; lithium-6 supply is effectively zero according to one presentation.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN \u2192 INF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD<\/span><\/td><td>Export controls and transport rules apply to tritium and enriched lithium.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2194 TRD<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.3<\/span><span>Sector screens<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">All sixteen sectors are screened for their dependence on fusion, on the same grammar as every national edition. The evidence column describes coverage of the baseline evidence, not the performance of the sector.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Sectors: baseline evidence and the exposure to watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Code<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Sector<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Exposure to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-00<\/span><\/td><td>Cross-system<\/td><td>fusion couples to energy, minerals and materials<\/td><td>first-plant fuel<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-01<\/span><\/td><td>Water<\/td><td>plant cooling-water use not published<\/td><td>siting<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-02<\/span><\/td><td>Energy<\/td><td>no electricity delivered from fusion in sources read<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>plant dates move<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-03<\/span><\/td><td>Food<\/td><td>no documented coupling<\/td><td>none documented<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-04<\/span><\/td><td>Health<\/td><td>no documented coupling<\/td><td>none documented<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-05<\/span><\/td><td>Finance<\/td><td>USD 4.48 billion of private funding<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>funding concentration<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-06<\/span><\/td><td>Development<\/td><td>access to technology and skills<\/td><td>widening gaps<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-07<\/span><\/td><td>Climate<\/td><td>contribution at scale not bound<\/td><td>plant timing<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-08<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster<\/td><td>no documented coupling<\/td><td>none documented<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-09<\/span><\/td><td>Infrastructure<\/td><td>tritium handling and plant sites<\/td><td>single-site dependence<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-10<\/span><\/td><td>Cities<\/td><td>no documented coupling<\/td><td>none documented<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-11<\/span><\/td><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>no documented coupling<\/td><td>none documented<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-12<\/span><\/td><td>Earth observation<\/td><td>no documented coupling<\/td><td>none documented<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-13<\/span><\/td><td>Cyber and digital<\/td><td>no documented coupling<\/td><td>none documented<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-14<\/span><\/td><td>Policy<\/td><td>US rule proposed; UK and German plans<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>rules not final<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-15<\/span><\/td><td>Science<\/td><td>strong laboratory record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>common benchmarks<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (ed.), National Ignition Facility 2025 (annual report page; 8.6 MJ on 7 April 2025 from 2.08 MJ delivered, target gain 4.13; refurbishment and enhanced yield capability to 2.6 MJ). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>CEA IRFM (ed.), WEST sets a new plasma duration record (news page; plasma 61299, 12 February 2025, 1,337 seconds, 2 MW lower hybrid heating, 2.6 GJ injected and extracted). Commissariat a l energie atomique et aux energies alternatives, Cadarache. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Fusion industry raised USD4.5 billion in past year, report says (14 July 2026; Fusion Industry Association 2026 survey: USD 4.48 billion in 12 months, USD 14.24 billion cumulative, 56 companies; an industry survey, weak evidence). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Theiding, T., Tritium: a few kilograms can make or break nuclear fusion (policy blog post of 6 March 2025; about 25 kg of civilian tritium in 2024; a student fellow commentary, weak evidence). Kleinman Center for Energy Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>ITER Organization (ed.), ITER in a few lines (project page; baseline reviewed by the ITER Council in November 2024; start of research operation 2034; deuterium-tritium operation 2039; Q of 10, 500 MW from 50 MW). ITER Organization, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (ed.), A new energy revolution: the UK plan for delivering fusion energy (policy paper of 16 March 2026; over GBP 2.5 billion over five years; GBP 1.3 billion for STEP and UK Fusion Energy; the first 100,000 of 127,790 characters were read). UK Government, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Helion (ed.), Orion, the first fusion power plant (company page; Malaga, Washington; construction from 2025; initial operations stated for 2028; Microsoft agreement for 50 MW; a vendor announcement, weak evidence). Helion Energy, Everett. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Commonwealth Fusion <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> and Eni (eds.), Eni and CFS sign over USD 1 billion power purchase agreement (joint company release of 22 September 2025; 400 MW ARC plant in Chesterfield County, Virginia; grid connection in the early 2030s; a vendor announcement, weak evidence). Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Devens. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (ed.), Federal Register notice of 26 February 2026, proposed rule on regulatory framework for fusion machines (10 CFR part 30; comments due 27 May 2026; the first 100,000 of 168,363 characters were read). Office of the Federal Register, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Clean Energy Wire (ed.), German government pledges more than EUR 2 bln for nuclear fusion (news report of 2 October 2025; cabinet plan of 1 October 2025). Clean Energy Wire, Berlin. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), New world record set in JET final fusion experiments (news report of 9 February 2024; 69 MJ over 5 seconds from 0.2 milligrams of fuel; 59 MJ in 2021). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c3-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-part-risk-and-capability\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/\">Fusion and Frontier Energy 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 4<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Risks and capability<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Four fusion risk objects open the portfolio. Order carries no rank. Each is read across driver, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, cascade and consequence.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>19 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.1<\/span><span>Risk objects<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each risk is read across the chain from hazard to consequence, with its status and evidence-quality level.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-XT14-FUE-001<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Tritium start-up supply<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>one commercial source and scenario-dependent supply<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>first plants and research devices using deuterium-tritium fuel<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>decay of stored tritium; no large reserves; transfer rules<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>breeding blanket development; purchase agreements<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>MIN \u2192 INF<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>5 to 10 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-XT14-LIT-002<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Lithium-6 enrichment and blanket demonstration<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>blankets need 30 to 90% lithium-6 and supply is effectively zero<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>breeding blanket designs<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>enrichment routes are costly or hazardous in the sources read<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>natural-lithium blanket concepts; new enrichment research<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>MIN \u2192 INF<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>5 to 10 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-XT14-SCH-003<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Schedule slippage in large public projects<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>ITER baselines have moved more than once<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>research plans and fuel demand schedules<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>in-kind supply and fixed dates<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>new baseline and staged operation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>INF \u2192 FIN<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1 to 10 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-XT14-GOV-004<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Licensing and waste rules not final<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>proposed US rule; UK and EU instruments planned<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>first-plant siting and financing<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>divergent national rules; waste classification not settled<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>proposed technology-inclusive framework<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>GOV \u2192 INF, FIN<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1 to 5 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.2<\/span><span>Capability ladder<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Existence is not readiness. Each of the fifteen capability functions is placed on the ladder by the strongest public evidence for fusion at the global level.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 4.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Capabilities on the ladder of evidence: listed, exists, demonstrated, tested<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Function<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rung<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Level<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Strongest public evidence at baseline<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Prevention and mitigation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>safety case and licensing rules are proposed or in preparation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoring and observation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>no common tracker of performance claims or fuel inventories<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>schedule and supply watching is not consolidated<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preparedness and planning<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>US roadmap, UK strategy and German plan published<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Redundancy and reserves<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>tritium and lithium-6 reserves are not documented<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Response<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>not applicable at baseline; no plant in operation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Continuity of critical services<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>not applicable at baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recovery<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>not applicable at baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adaptation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>staged project plans exist<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>; no tested adaptation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Social protection<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>not applicable at baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance and insurance<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>private funding large and public programmes growing<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Institutional coordination<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>ITER, the IAEA group and national strategies<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Technical infrastructure<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>research devices operating at several sites<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Workforce<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>skills programmes announced<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>; no figure bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Research capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>ADEQUATE<\/td><td>strong laboratory and journal base<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n46\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r46\" aria-label=\"Note 46\">46<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"4\">A capability listed in policy is not a tested one; each rung is the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Coleman, M. and Kovari, M., Global supply of tritium for fusion R and D from heavy water reactors (conference paper, UK Atomic Energy Authority; abstract and introduction read from the PDF; 0 to 27.7 kg available in 2055 across scenarios; 7.4 kg for a demonstration reactor in 2055 in one case). UK Atomic Energy Authority, Abingdon. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Theiding, T., Tritium: a few kilograms can make or break nuclear fusion (policy blog post of 6 March 2025; about 25 kg of civilian tritium in 2024; a student fellow commentary, weak evidence). Kleinman Center for Energy Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Pearson, R.J., The availability and supply of critical natural resources for the realisation of a fusion pilot plant: fuels for fusion (presentation to the US Department of Energy fusion workshop, 1 to 3 June 2022; lithium-6 is 7.4% of natural lithium; blankets need 30 to 90%; supply effectively zero; a company presentation, weak evidence). Kyoto Fusioneering, London. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ward, P. and colleagues, Lithium enrichment threatens to curb fusion deployment, arXiv:2605.04707, 2026, taken from search-result summaries. arXiv, Ithaca. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>ITER Organization (ed.), ITER in a few lines (project page; baseline reviewed by the ITER Council in November 2024; start of research operation 2034; deuterium-tritium operation 2039; Q of 10, 500 MW from 50 MW). ITER Organization, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Physics Today (ed.), ITER costs are pinned down with caveats (news report on the 2016 baseline review; review committee chaired by A. Wagner; estimate without contingencies). American Institute of Physics, College Park. Observation year 2016. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (ed.), Federal Register notice of 26 February 2026, proposed rule on regulatory framework for fusion machines (10 CFR part 30; comments due 27 May 2026; the first 100,000 of 168,363 characters were read). Office of the Federal Register, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (ed.), A new energy revolution: the UK plan for delivering fusion energy (policy paper of 16 March 2026; over GBP 2.5 billion over five years; GBP 1.3 billion for STEP and UK Fusion Energy; the first 100,000 of 127,790 characters were read). UK Government, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>European Commission (ed.), Commission launches call for evidence to support first-ever EU-wide fusion strategy (news item of 6 June 2025; call open to 1 July 2025; strategy then programmed for the end of 2025). Directorate-General for Energy, Brussels. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>US Department of Energy (ed.), Energy Department announces Fusion Science and Technology Roadmap to accelerate commercial fusion power (announcement of 16 October 2025; Build-Innovate-Grow; power on the grid by the mid-2030s; no funding commitment). US Department of Energy, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Clean Energy Wire (ed.), German government pledges more than EUR 2 bln for nuclear fusion (news report of 2 October 2025; cabinet plan of 1 October 2025). Clean Energy Wire, Berlin. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Fusion industry raised USD4.5 billion in past year, report says (14 July 2026; Fusion Industry Association 2026 survey: USD 4.48 billion in 12 months, USD 14.24 billion cumulative, 56 companies; an industry survey, weak evidence). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Fusion entering implementation phase, says Grossi (report on the IAEA World Fusion Outlook 2025; more than 160 devices; private investment above USD 10 billion; October 2025). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>CEA IRFM (ed.), WEST sets a new plasma duration record (news page; plasma 61299, 12 February 2025, 1,337 seconds, 2 MW lower hybrid heating, 2.6 GJ injected and extracted). Commissariat a l energie atomique et aux energies alternatives, Cadarache. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), New world record set in JET final fusion experiments (news report of 9 February 2024; 69 MJ over 5 seconds from 0.2 milligrams of fuel; 59 MJ in 2021). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (ed.), National Ignition Facility 2025 (annual report page; 8.6 MJ on 7 April 2025 from 2.08 MJ delivered, target gain 4.13; refurbishment and enhanced yield capability to 2.6 MJ). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Zylstra, A.B. et al., Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion, Nature 601, 542 to 548, 2022, cited from memory. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Abu-Shawareb, H. et al., Achievement of target gain larger than unity in an inertial fusion experiment, Physical Review Letters 132, 065102, 2024, cited from memory. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-n46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Maslov, M. et al., JET D-T scientific programme, Nuclear Fusion 63, 112002, 2023, cited from memory. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c4-r46\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 46\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-part-scenario\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/\">Fusion and Frontier Energy 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 5<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">First-plant fuel and licence set the pace<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">A conditional statement under stated assumptions, never a prediction.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>2 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>3 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.1<\/span><span>Assumptions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Scenario SCN-XT14-FUE-01: what is assumed, and what is held constant.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Baseline<\/dt><dd>the 2026 reference state in this edition<\/dd><dt>Drivers<\/dt><dd>first plants are announced for the 2030s while start-up tritium, lithium-6 and licensing remain open<\/dd><dt>Analogues<\/dt><dd>the slips in ITER baselines; the tritium supply range in 2055<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Interventions<\/dt><dd>none modelled: the specification describes the unmitigated case<\/dd><dt>Run state<\/dt><dd>narrative specification; quantified run scheduled for 2027<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.2<\/span><span>The cascade, step by step<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">MIN \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">start-up tritium for a first plant proves hard to contract<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2018<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">MIN \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">blanket designs wait for enriched lithium<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2022<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">GOV \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">licence rules reach final form later than financing plans assume<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2026<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">INF \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">test results arrive but plant dates move to the later 2030s<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2026<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">FIN \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">funding concentrates in a few devices and test facilities<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2026<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">GOV \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">national plans diverge on siting and waste<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2026<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.3<\/span><span>The scenario as a table of steps<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">How the shock in scenario SCN-XT14-FUE-01 would travel through Fusion and Frontier Energy&#8217;s coupled <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, step by step, under the assumptions the edition states.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Minerals to infrastructure<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Start-up tritium for a first plant proves hard to contract. Analogue or source: 2018.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition XT-14, scenario SCN-XT14-FUE-01, step 1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 Minerals to infrastructure<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Blanket designs wait for enriched lithium. Analogue or source: 2022.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition XT-14, scenario SCN-XT14-FUE-01, step 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 Governance to finance<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Licence rules reach final form later than financing plans assume. Analogue or source: 2026.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition XT-14, scenario SCN-XT14-FUE-01, step 3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 Infrastructure to finance<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Test results arrive but plant dates move to the later 2030s. Analogue or source: 2026.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition XT-14, scenario SCN-XT14-FUE-01, step 4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 Finance to infrastructure<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Funding concentrates in a few devices and test facilities. Analogue or source: 2026.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition XT-14, scenario SCN-XT14-FUE-01, step 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Governance to infrastructure<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">National plans diverge on siting and waste. Analogue or source: 2026.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition XT-14, scenario SCN-XT14-FUE-01, step 6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of a conditional scenario under the edition&#8217;s stated assumptions: not a forecast, not a prediction and not a warning. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/scenario\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Fusion and Frontier Energy 2026, scenario SCN-XT14-FUE-01<\/a> (2026); Fusion and Frontier Energy 2026, references (NR-CIT-1) (2026).<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>ITER Organization (ed.), ITER in a few lines (project page; baseline reviewed by the ITER Council in November 2024; start of research operation 2034; deuterium-tritium operation 2039; Q of 10, 500 MW from 50 MW). ITER Organization, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Coleman, M. and Kovari, M., Global supply of tritium for fusion R and D from heavy water reactors (conference paper, UK Atomic Energy Authority; abstract and introduction read from the PDF; 0 to 27.7 kg available in 2055 across scenarios; 7.4 kg for a demonstration reactor in 2055 in one case). UK Atomic Energy Authority, Abingdon. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Physics Today (ed.), ITER costs are pinned down with caveats (news report on the 2016 baseline review; review committee chaired by A. Wagner; estimate without contingencies). American Institute of Physics, College Park. Observation year 2016. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c5-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-part-lenses-and-readings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/\">Fusion and Frontier Energy 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 6<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Readings from the other desks<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The fusion baseline is read through each steward\u2019s lens, then once as a whole. Each lens is a projection of reviewed findings, not a separate argument. The other desks&#8217; own editions of this subject are listed first, as cross-references, not copies.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>15 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>8 tables<\/span><span>37 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.1<\/span><span>The other desks&#8217; editions of this subject<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Federation: each desk writes its own edition for the subjects in its remit. Until a desk releases, its edition shows its frame and the reading this edition printed for it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Desk<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-host=\"true\"><th scope=\"row\">GCRI Systems Evidence<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRF Public Deliberation<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRA Capital Readiness<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Standards Progress<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Academy Capability<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Index Measurement<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.2<\/span><span>Three lenses<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">One edition, read by each steward. The lens of this site comes first.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\" data-host=\"true\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports reading fusion as an experiment record and a fuel-cycle question. Records are strong at research devices, no plant delivers electricity, and the fuel and licensing evidence is thin. Evidence is strongest for single experiments and weakest for fuel, materials and plant performance.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">INF-001 \u00b7 INF-003 \u00b7 MIN-006 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRF \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people the fusion story arrives as a headline about a record or a start-up. The baseline asks that public debate separate laboratory results, plans and company statements, and keep the fuel question in view.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">INF-001 \u00b7 INF-005 \u00b7 FIN-011<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRA \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Private funding is growing, public programmes are expanding and plant dates are stated for the 2030s<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>. These show where finance-readiness evidence will matter. Nothing here is advice, a rating or an approval.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">FIN-008 \u00b7 FIN-009 \u00b7 FIN-011<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>Fusion is well described by single results and thinly measured as a system. The 2027 programme should bind fuel supply, publish a comparable performance basis and test the first-plant fuel pathway before plant dates arrive.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">SYS-012 \u00b7 F-01 \u00b7 F-04<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.3<\/span><span>Standards, Academy and steward contributions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">How the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> drafts, the Risk Academy and the three stewards feed each quarterly edition for fusion. The standards are a preparatory working draft (2026) and are cited as drafts, never as adopted standards.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The quarterly rhythm every edition follows<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Quarter<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Boundary<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Q1<\/td><td>State and Agenda<\/td><td>What matters this year, and what is the starting position?<\/td><td>observed baseline stays distinct from planned work<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q2<\/td><td>Evidence and Build<\/td><td>What new evidence and capability exist?<\/td><td>a configured capability is not a validated result<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q3<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stress Test<\/a> and Readiness<\/td><td>What do scenarios and tests show?<\/td><td>simulated loss or performance is not observed impact<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q4<\/td><td>Annual Synthesis and Renewal<\/td><td>What changed in the year, and what renews?<\/td><td>release follows review, not event publicity deadlines<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Who contributes what each quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Steward or body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contribution route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GCRI Canada<\/td><td>Lead Institution and Consortium Secretariat; publisher of record; technical truth (key T)<\/td><td>science and practice communities \u00b7 GCRI gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Forum (GRF)<\/td><td>leadership, dialogue and the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> programme; public meaning (key M)<\/td><td>policy, Universe and national adoption \u00b7 GRF gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)<\/td><td>finance, insurance and development readiness; capital meaning (key F)<\/td><td>finance and insurance \u00b7 GRA gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nexus Standards<\/td><td>preparatory drafts on vocabulary, hazards, indicators and methods<\/td><td>Standards site \u00b7 working groups HAZ, IND, MTH, FIN, AI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk Academy<\/td><td>learning pathways tied to the agenda questions<\/td><td>Academy gateway \u00b7 learning by review<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nexus Standards and Academy<\/td><td>technology chapter inputs: GCRI evidence, NXS standards, RA capability<\/td><td>technology editorial board<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards drafts used in this edition<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Risk vocabulary NRS-C1 (424 terms) for terms in the glossary<\/li><li>Hazard atlas NHS-1 1.1.0 (905 hazards in 120 families) for risk objects<\/li><li>Seven risk classes: global, catastrophic, existential, emerging, planetary, exponential, frontier-tech<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards calendar to watch<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Founding calls from 20 October 2026; working groups meet from 5 November 2026<\/li><li>Inaugural Global Standards Council session, 12 January 2027<\/li><li>Quarterly reviews in March, June, September and December, aligned with each edition<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Nothing here certifies. A Nexus attestation records an evaluation under a mandate; it confers no certification, endorsement or approval. Adoption of any standard is a decision of the competent standards body.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.4<\/span><span>GCRI reading: the model card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-p\">GCRI&#8217;s reading of this edition is its model card: what the national model is, what it computes and where it stops. It is printed in full in Annex A, with the methods it belongs to. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/methodology\/\">Annex A, methodology<\/a><\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.5<\/span><span>Global Risks Forum reading: editorial essays<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Four signed essays by the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> editorial team set out the positions this edition takes. They are interpretation, labelled as such; the evidence they draw on is in the findings register.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Fusion energy out has exceeded laser energy on target, and plasmas have been held for more than twenty minutes. Neither is electricity to a grid. Keeping the two apart avoids both hype and dismissal.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 01<\/h3><p>Records are not plants<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">A laboratory record, a project baseline and a company announcement carry different weight. This edition labels each, and asks for a common basis before gain and duration are compared.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 02<\/h3><p>Separate results, plans and statements<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Tritium and enriched lithium are rarely counted. A published inventory and demand table would show whether first plants are limited by physics, fuel or money.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 03<\/h3><p>The fuel cycle is the blind spot<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The US has proposed a licensing framework, the UK and Germany have published plans, and the EU is preparing a strategy. Final rules decide siting, waste and finance.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 04<\/h3><p>Rules are arriving<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Essays are signed views of the editorial team. Contributed articles from regional consortia, national pathways and invited experts begin with the 2027 global edition, each with its own review route and disclosures.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.6<\/span><span>Global Risks Alliance reading: 2027 fusion readiness pack<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The registers that open the 2027 global cycle. At baseline each is initialised from this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">2027 fusion readiness pack<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Register<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First 2027 entry<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>E1<\/td><td>Fusion risk state delta<\/td><td>baseline set by this edition<\/td><td>changes against the baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E2<\/td><td>WEFH+B state delta<\/td><td>five global system readings set<\/td><td>indicator updates and freshness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E3<\/td><td>Agenda and Portfolio movement<\/td><td>eight agenda items \u00b7 6 proposed objects<\/td><td>admission decisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E4<\/td><td>Federation delivery register<\/td><td>national chapters in preparation<\/td><td>national chapters<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E5<\/td><td>Consortium capability register<\/td><td>national consortia forming<\/td><td>first contributions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E6<\/td><td>Leadership questions and challenges<\/td><td>none yet<\/td><td>first challenge log<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E7<\/td><td>Foundry technical state<\/td><td>national environments prepared<\/td><td>first federation cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E8<\/td><td>Publication candidates<\/td><td>twelve findings carried forward<\/td><td>PUBLISH \u00b7 HOLD dispositions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E9<\/td><td>Universe readiness<\/td><td>one candidate mission<\/td><td>admission and role spine<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E10<\/td><td>Correction register<\/td><td>none<\/td><td>first federation-wide cycle<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication dispositions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Publish<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hold<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Needs evidence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Restricted<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Superseded<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Programme progress is not real-world risk improvement. These registers record the work of the Nexus programme; they report on no state or organisation.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.7<\/span><span>Nexus Standards reading: standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Instruments and published guidance that shape the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in this edition, by status on the retrieval date. The edition assesses no one\u2019s compliance.<\/p><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">IN FORCE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">PUBLISHED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">DRAFT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instrument<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Scope<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Relevance<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>ADVANCE Act of 2024, fusion machine definition<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>US Congress<\/td><td>US<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>definition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Proposed rule on fusion machines, 10 CFR part 30<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>US NRC<\/td><td>US<\/td><td>PROPOSED FEBRUARY 2026<\/td><td>licensing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Draft guidance NUREG-1556 Volume 22<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>US NRC<\/td><td>US<\/td><td>DRAFT<\/td><td>licence applications<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fusion Science and Technology Roadmap<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>US Department of Energy<\/td><td>US<\/td><td>PUBLISHED OCTOBER 2025<\/td><td>national plan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UK fusion strategy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UK Government<\/td><td>UK<\/td><td>PUBLISHED MARCH 2026<\/td><td>funding and delivery<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Draft National Policy Statement EN-8<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UK Government<\/td><td>UK<\/td><td>PLANNED SUMMER 2026<\/td><td>planning<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fusion Action Plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>German federal government<\/td><td>Germany<\/td><td>PUBLISHED OCTOBER 2025<\/td><td>funding and rules<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EU fusion strategy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>European Commission<\/td><td>EU<\/td><td>IN PREPARATION<\/td><td>strategy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National Strategy for Fusion Energy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n44\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Cabinet Office of Japan<\/td><td>Japan<\/td><td>PUBLISHED 2023<\/td><td>national plan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>World Fusion Energy Group<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IAEA<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>MINISTERIAL MEETING OCTOBER 2025<\/td><td>coordination<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Changed since 2024<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>The IAEA published World Fusion Outlook 2025 in October 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The German cabinet adopted the Fusion Action Plan on 1 October 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The US NRC proposed its fusion rule on 26 February 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">To watch in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Final text of the US rule on fusion machines<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The EU fusion strategy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The UK draft National Policy Statement for fusion<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Status is read from the issuing body on the retrieval date. Instruments open for signature or awaiting ratification are labelled as such; a change in status opens a review task for every finding that relies on the instrument.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.8<\/span><span>Risk Academy reading: literature and evidence review, science and assessments<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The review behind this edition covers fusion assessments, peer-reviewed science and the institutional reports that bind its findings. Systematic reviews for each agenda item begin in 2027.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Review protocol<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Question<\/dt><dd>What does the published evidence establish about fusion and frontier energy as infrastructure and its couplings?<\/dd><dt>Sources searched<\/dt><dd>peer-reviewed journals and preprints; laboratory and project pages; strategies and rules; surveys and fuel-supply analyses<\/dd><dt>Window<\/dt><dd>releases available at evidence close, 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Selection<\/dt><dd>sources that bind or contextualise a finding in this edition<\/dd><dt>Next step<\/dt><dd>systematic reviews for agenda items 01 to 05 in 2027<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Peer-reviewed science and preprints<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Lawson<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>1957<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>power-producing criterion<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zylstra et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>burning plasma in inertial fusion<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Abu-Shawareb et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>target gain above unity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Creely et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2020<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>SPARC <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 design-basis\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The set of hazard conditions a structure or system is designed to withstand.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">design basis<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sorbom et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2015<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>ARC design study<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Beidler et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>stellarator transport<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maslov et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n46\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Note 46\">46<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>JET deuterium-tritium programme<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Knaster et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2016<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>materials research<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Institutional flagships<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Abdou et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>tritium self-sufficiency<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Federici et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2019<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>European demonstration design<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pearson et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>tritium supply and use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coleman and Kovari<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>conference paper<\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>tritium from heavy-water reactors<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ward et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>preprint<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>lithium enrichment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EAST overview<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>conference paper<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>long-pulse operation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National Academies<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n45\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>consensus report<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>pilot plant pathway<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Policy, regulation and strategies<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>NRC proposed rule<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>US Nuclear Regulatory Commission<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>licensing framework<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DOE roadmap<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>US Department of Energy<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>national plan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UK strategy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UK Government<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>funding and STEP<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EU call for evidence<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>European Commission<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>strategy preparation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Japan strategy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Cabinet Office of Japan<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>national plan<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Supply, investment and field overviews<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>ITER project page<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ITER Organization<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>baseline dates<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IAEA World Fusion Outlook<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IAEA<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>device count<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fusion Industry Association surveys<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>trade association via news<\/td><td>2025 to 2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>investment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lithium-6 presentation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Kyoto Fusioneering<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>fuel supply<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tritium commentary<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Kleinman Center<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>inventory<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Orion page<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Helion<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>company plan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ARC offtake release<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Eni and CFS<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>company plan<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where the evidence agrees<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Records at research devices are real and published<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>First plants need a tritium breeding solution<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Licensing rules are being written now<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where it is unsettled<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>When any plant could deliver electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How much tritium will be free for start-up<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How large the facility electricity per shot or pulse is<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">PREPRINTS<\/p><p>Three sources<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup> are preprints and are labelled as not peer-reviewed. They contextualise findings; none binds a finding on its own.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Fusion industry raised USD4.5 billion in past year, report says (14 July 2026; Fusion Industry Association 2026 survey: USD 4.48 billion in 12 months, USD 14.24 billion cumulative, 56 companies; an industry survey, weak evidence). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (ed.), A new energy revolution: the UK plan for delivering fusion energy (policy paper of 16 March 2026; over GBP 2.5 billion over five years; GBP 1.3 billion for STEP and UK Fusion Energy; the first 100,000 of 127,790 characters were read). UK Government, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (ed.), Federal Register notice of 26 February 2026, proposed rule on regulatory framework for fusion machines (10 CFR part 30; comments due 27 May 2026; the first 100,000 of 168,363 characters were read). Office of the Federal Register, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>US Department of Energy (ed.), Energy Department announces Fusion Science and Technology Roadmap to accelerate commercial fusion power (announcement of 16 October 2025; Build-Innovate-Grow; power on the grid by the mid-2030s; no funding commitment). US Department of Energy, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Clean Energy Wire (ed.), German government pledges more than EUR 2 bln for nuclear fusion (news report of 2 October 2025; cabinet plan of 1 October 2025). Clean Energy Wire, Berlin. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Germany boosts funding for fusion research (news report; Fusion Action Plan of October 2025; more than EUR 2 billion by 2029; about EUR 1.7 billion public research funding and up to EUR 755 million from an infrastructure fund). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>European Commission (ed.), Commission launches call for evidence to support first-ever EU-wide fusion strategy (news item of 6 June 2025; call open to 1 July 2025; strategy then programmed for the end of 2025). Directorate-General for Energy, Brussels. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Cabinet Office of Japan (ed.), Fusion Energy Innovation Strategy (national strategy, April 2023), cited from memory. Cabinet Office, Tokyo. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 44\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Fusion entering implementation phase, says Grossi (report on the IAEA World Fusion Outlook 2025; more than 160 devices; private investment above USD 10 billion; October 2025). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>ITER Organization (ed.), ITER Newsline issue 473 (item on the IAEA World Fusion Outlook 2025, dated 14 October 2025). ITER Organization, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Lawson, J.D., Some criteria for a power producing thermonuclear reactor, Proceedings of the Physical Society B 70, 6 to 10, 1957, cited from memory. Observation year 1957. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Zylstra, A.B. et al., Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion, Nature 601, 542 to 548, 2022, cited from memory. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Abu-Shawareb, H. et al., Achievement of target gain larger than unity in an inertial fusion experiment, Physical Review Letters 132, 065102, 2024, cited from memory. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Creely, A.J. et al., Overview of the SPARC tokamak, Journal of Plasma Physics 86, 865860502, 2020, cited from memory. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Sorbom, B.N. et al., ARC: a compact, high-field, fusion nuclear science facility and demonstration power plant with demountable magnets, Fusion Engineering and Design 100, 378 to 405, 2015, cited from memory. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Beidler, C.D. et al., Demonstration of reduced neoclassical energy transport in Wendelstein 7-X, Nature 596, 221 to 226, 2021, cited from memory. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Maslov, M. et al., JET D-T scientific programme, Nuclear Fusion 63, 112002, 2023, cited from memory. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 46\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Knaster, J., Moeslang, A. and Muroga, T., Materials research for fusion, Nature Physics 12, 424 to 434, 2016, cited from memory. Observation year 2016. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Abdou, M. et al., Physics and technology considerations for the deuterium-tritium fuel cycle and conditions for tritium fuel self sufficiency, Nuclear Fusion 61, 013001, 2021, cited from memory. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Federici, G. et al., Overview of the DEMO staged design approach in Europe, Nuclear Fusion 59, 066013, 2019, cited from memory. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Pearson, R.J., Antoniazzi, A.B. and Nuttall, W.J., Tritium supply and use: a key issue for the development of nuclear fusion energy, Fusion Engineering and Design 136, 1140 to 1148, 2018, cited from memory. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Coleman, M. and Kovari, M., Global supply of tritium for fusion R and D from heavy water reactors (conference paper, UK Atomic Energy Authority; abstract and introduction read from the PDF; 0 to 27.7 kg available in 2055 across scenarios; 7.4 kg for a demonstration reactor in 2055 in one case). UK Atomic Energy Authority, Abingdon. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ward, P. and colleagues, Lithium enrichment threatens to curb fusion deployment, arXiv:2605.04707, 2026, taken from search-result summaries. arXiv, Ithaca. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Huang, J. and colleagues, EAST overview paper, IAEA Fusion Energy Conference 2025, seen as a search listing only. Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (eds.), Bringing Fusion to the US Grid, consensus report, 2021, cited from memory. National Academies Press, Washington. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 45\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>ITER Organization (ed.), ITER in a few lines (project page; baseline reviewed by the ITER Council in November 2024; start of research operation 2034; deuterium-tritium operation 2039; Q of 10, 500 MW from 50 MW). ITER Organization, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: IAEA (ed.), World Fusion Outlook 2025 (publication page returned a payment error; figures read through news). International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Access to funding remains a major issue for fusion, says FIA (report on the Fusion Industry Association 2025 survey of 23 July 2025: USD 2.64 billion, USD 9.766 billion cumulative, 53 companies; an industry survey, weak evidence). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Pearson, R.J., The availability and supply of critical natural resources for the realisation of a fusion pilot plant: fuels for fusion (presentation to the US Department of Energy fusion workshop, 1 to 3 June 2022; lithium-6 is 7.4% of natural lithium; blankets need 30 to 90%; supply effectively zero; a company presentation, weak evidence). Kyoto Fusioneering, London. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Theiding, T., Tritium: a few kilograms can make or break nuclear fusion (policy blog post of 6 March 2025; about 25 kg of civilian tritium in 2024; a student fellow commentary, weak evidence). Kleinman Center for Energy Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Helion (ed.), Orion, the first fusion power plant (company page; Malaga, Washington; construction from 2025; initial operations stated for 2028; Microsoft agreement for 50 MW; a vendor announcement, weak evidence). Helion Energy, Everett. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Commonwealth Fusion <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> and Eni (eds.), Eni and CFS sign over USD 1 billion power purchase agreement (joint company release of 22 September 2025; 400 MW ARC plant in Chesterfield County, Virginia; grid connection in the early 2030s; a vendor announcement, weak evidence). Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Devens. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (ed.), National Ignition Facility 2025 (annual report page; 8.6 MJ on 7 April 2025 from 2.08 MJ delivered, target gain 4.13; refurbishment and enhanced yield capability to 2.6 MJ). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), New world record set in JET final fusion experiments (news report of 9 February 2024; 69 MJ over 5 seconds from 0.2 milligrams of fuel; 59 MJ in 2021). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>CEA IRFM (ed.), WEST sets a new plasma duration record (news page; plasma 61299, 12 February 2025, 1,337 seconds, 2 MW lower hybrid heating, 2.6 GJ injected and extracted). Commissariat a l energie atomique et aux energies alternatives, Cadarache. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Physics Today (ed.), ITER costs are pinned down with caveats (news report on the 2016 baseline review; review committee chaired by A. Wagner; estimate without contingencies). American Institute of Physics, College Park. Observation year 2016. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ITER Organization and press (eds.), ITER 2024 baseline additional cost of about EUR 5 billion, taken from search-result summaries. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-part-agenda\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/\">Fusion and Frontier Energy 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 7<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">The 2027 agenda<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Eight bounded questions open the 2027 fusion agenda. Each comes from a baseline finding, names the initiative that will carry it and the first output due in the 2027 fusion edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>6 tables<\/span><span>3 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.1<\/span><span>Questions for the operational series<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">F-01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How much tritium is available to start a first plant, and how does stated demand compare with supply by year?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-XT14-FUE-01 \u00b7 tritium supply and start-up; first output: supply and demand table.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">F-02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">What lithium-6 enrichment capacity exists, and what do blanket designs need?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-XT14-LIT-02 \u00b7 lithium-6 and blankets; first output: capacity map.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">F-03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">What licensing, waste and siting rules apply to first plants in each jurisdiction?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-XT14-LIC-03 \u00b7 licensing and waste; first output: rule overlay.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">F-04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How can gain, duration and power claims be compared on a common basis, including facility electricity?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-XT14-BMK-04 \u00b7 performance on a common basis; first output: benchmark table.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">F-05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How do stated plant dates, public funding and private funding move together?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-XT14-FIN-05 \u00b7 funding and schedule tracker; first output: tracker.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">F-06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which materials and components limit first-wall and magnet lifetimes?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in 2027; first output: dependence map.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">F-07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">What workforce exists for fusion engineering, tritium handling and licensing?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in 2027; first output: scoping note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">F-08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which readiness capabilities have been tested in a real licence or fuel transfer, and which are only planned?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">Readiness capability register; first output: rung evidence for 15 functions.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.2<\/span><span>Portfolio proposed for the Q1 2027 alignment<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Five initiatives and one Universe mission candidate are proposed for the 2027 fusion portfolio. They are programme objects: no partner, funder or member is attached to them in this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Objects proposed for the first operational quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Object<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-XT14-FUE-01<\/span><\/td><td>Tritium supply and start-up<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>F-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-XT14-LIT-02<\/span><\/td><td>Lithium-6 and blankets<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>F-02<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-XT14-LIC-03<\/span><\/td><td>Licensing and waste<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>F-03<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-XT14-BMK-04<\/span><\/td><td>Performance on a common basis<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>F-04<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-XT14-FIN-05<\/span><\/td><td>Funding and schedule tracker<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>F-05<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MSN-XT14-2027-01<\/span><\/td><td>First-plant fuel Universe mission<\/td><td>Mission<\/td><td>F-01<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.3<\/span><span>The pathway<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The fusion edition reads national readiness chapters, the coupled sector reports on energy, minerals and materials, and the global edition through one governed evidence graph. At baseline the federation is designed; the global energy and lifeline editions are drafted. This page states what exists today and what comes next.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National readiness chapters<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">fusion programme and regulatory readiness in each national edition<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">IN PREPARATION \u00b7 national baselines<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Sector couplings<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">GS-02 energy \u00b7 SR-04 minerals \u00b7 XT-12 materials<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">DRAFTED \u00b7 sector baselines<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Technology system model<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">devices, fuel cycle, materials, workforce, governance<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">v0 SPECIFIED \u00b7 v1 with federation evidence<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Strategic links<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">SR-02 lifeline <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> \u00b7 SR-13 strategic technology<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">PLANNED \u00b7 strategic baselines<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Universe<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">annual proving environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANDIDATE MISSION \u00b7 mandate in 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">XT-14 report<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">this series<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE DRAFT \u00b7 2027 annual edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Evidence and correction<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">one graph, many projections<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">OPEN \u00b7 first correction cycle in 2027<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.4<\/span><span>Universe 2027: evidence pack for the fusion candidate mission<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Mandate<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Core Build \u00b7 1 month<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Action \u00b7 1 week<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Evidence seal<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Portfolio correction<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Next mandate<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Universe 2027: evidence pack for the fusion candidate mission<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Record<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Timing<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>F1<\/td><td>Annual mandate record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>after the Q2 2027 alignment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F2<\/td><td>Core Build record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>one month before the exercise<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F3<\/td><td>Exercise evidence<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>during the Action week<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F4<\/td><td>Decision packets<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>exercise state only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F5<\/td><td>Proof receipts<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>scoped to each recorded check<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F6<\/td><td>After-action report<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>within one quarter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F7<\/td><td>Upgrade docket<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>routed to the Portfolio<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F8<\/td><td>Portfolio renewal<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>2027 global annual edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F9<\/td><td>Public synthesis<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>public-safe extracts only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Mission<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>ID<\/dt><dd>MSN-XT14-2027-01 \u00b7 First-plant fuel Universe mission<\/dd><dt>Role spine<\/dt><dd>Leadership sponsor \u00b7 Institutional anchor \u00b7 Mission lead: drawn from national pathways<\/dd><dt>Receiving actors<\/dt><dd>to be identified with the mandate<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Simulation success is not deployment approval; demonstration is not certification; finance readiness is not financing secured.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.5<\/span><span>Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Where the baseline\u2019s findings go next. A handoff routes a finding for awareness, review or work; it transfers no authority.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Finding<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Routed to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Purpose<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>INF-001 \u00b7 inertial result<\/td><td>INI-XT14-BMK-04<\/td><td>performance on a common basis<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>INF-003 \u00b7 plasma duration<\/td><td>INI-XT14-BMK-04<\/td><td>performance on a common basis<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>INF-005 \u00b7 ITER plan<\/td><td>INI-XT14-FIN-05<\/td><td>funding and schedule tracker<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MIN-006 \u00b7 tritium<\/td><td>INI-XT14-FUE-01<\/td><td>tritium supply and start-up<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MIN-007 \u00b7 lithium-6<\/td><td>INI-XT14-LIT-02<\/td><td>lithium-6 and blankets<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FIN-008 \u00b7 investment<\/td><td>INI-XT14-FIN-05<\/td><td>funding and schedule tracker<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GOV-010 \u00b7 licensing<\/td><td>INI-XT14-LIC-03<\/td><td>licensing and waste<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SYS-012 \u00b7 compound pathway<\/td><td>MSN-XT14-2027-01<\/td><td>Universe candidate<\/td><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Routing rules by publication class<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Where it goes<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Who can see it<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>PUBLIC<\/td><td>the published edition and its evidence bundle<\/td><td>anyone<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><td>governed rooms of the federation<\/td><td>consortium members under agreement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONTROLLED<\/td><td>need-to-know channels<\/td><td>named competent actors only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">CODES ARE NOT JOINS<\/p><p>Series codes in this edition (XT-14 and its relatives) are Reports codes. Codes in other indices can look alike. This edition makes no join on a code alone: a join needs a registry record that names both subjects.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Handoffs carry findings to Nexus programme objects and steward reviews. States and organisations receive public editions as published; nothing here instructs them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.6<\/span><span>Feeds and signal register<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Feeds watched from 2027<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Feed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Producer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Latency<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Feeds into<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Laboratory and institute news on records<\/td><td>laboratories and institutes<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>INF-001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ITER project updates<\/td><td>ITER Organization<\/td><td>per release<\/td><td>INF-005<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Federal Register and NRC fusion pages<\/td><td>US regulator<\/td><td>per release<\/td><td>GOV-010<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fusion Industry Association report<\/td><td>trade association<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FIN-008<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IAEA World Fusion Outlook<\/td><td>IAEA<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>INF-005<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Company announcements<\/td><td>companies<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>FIN-011<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tritium and lithium supply notices<\/td><td>producers and agencies<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>MIN-006<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Escalation routes<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">none \u00b7 keep monitoring<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">research question<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">project<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">risk object<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">annual publication<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">signal report<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Signals at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Signal<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Corroboration<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>SIG-XT14-001<\/td><td>NIF reached a target gain of 4.13<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>INF<\/td><td>research question F-04<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-XT14-002<\/td><td>Private funding rose to USD 4.48 billion in 12 months<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>FIN<\/td><td>initiative F-05<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-XT14-003<\/td><td>US rule proposed for fusion machines<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>GOV<\/td><td>initiative F-03<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A signal is not a warning. Signal records never substitute for official alerting or early-warning authorities, and they bypass no publication control.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (ed.), National Ignition Facility 2025 (annual report page; 8.6 MJ on 7 April 2025 from 2.08 MJ delivered, target gain 4.13; refurbishment and enhanced yield capability to 2.6 MJ). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Fusion industry raised USD4.5 billion in past year, report says (14 July 2026; Fusion Industry Association 2026 survey: USD 4.48 billion in 12 months, USD 14.24 billion cumulative, 56 companies; an industry survey, weak evidence). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (ed.), Federal Register notice of 26 February 2026, proposed rule on regulatory framework for fusion machines (10 CFR part 30; comments due 27 May 2026; the first 100,000 of 168,363 characters were read). Office of the Federal Register, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c7-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-part-systems-in-depth\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/\">Fusion and Frontier Energy 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 8<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems in depth<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">One section per system: its state at evidence close, its exposures and what the operational series will watch.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>10 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>5 tables<\/span><span>25 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.1<\/span><span>Devices and confinement platforms<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Fusion devices confine plasma with lasers, magnets or both. Evidence is strongest where a laboratory reports a measured result, and weakest where claims rest on company plans.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4.13<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">times<\/span><p>NIF target gain, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">69<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">MJ<\/span><p>JET energy over about 5 seconds<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,337<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">seconds<\/span><p>WEST plasma duration<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Laser inertial confinement<\/td><td>target gain of 4.13 on one facility; upgrade planned<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tokamaks<\/td><td>JET energy record; WEST and EAST duration records<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Stellarators<\/td><td>long-pulse triple product record at Wendelstein 7-X<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Company devices<\/td><td>plant and device plans are company statements; SPARC date unverified<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>INF \u2194 FIN devices and funding<\/li><li>INF \u2192 ENE capability and firm power<\/li><li>MIN \u2192 INF fuel and materials<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>performance on a common basis<\/li><li>facility electricity per shot or pulse<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Refurbished NIF shots; ITER research operation; first campaigns of company devices.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-02 Energy<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-12 Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-15 Advanced Nuclear and Next-Generation Fission<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-16 Advanced Energy Storage<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-04 Critical Minerals and Strategic Materials<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes published results and plans. It endorses no company or device and forecasts no plant date.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.2<\/span><span>Fuel cycle, tritium and energy balance<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Deuterium-tritium plants need tritium, bred inside the plant from lithium, and start-up tritium from outside. Supply of both is thinly measured.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">0 to 27.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">kg<\/span><p>tritium free for fusion in 2055, scenario range<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224825<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">kg<\/span><p>civilian tritium in 2024, one commentary<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">7.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>lithium-6 in natural lithium<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Tritium supply<\/td><td>heavy-water reactors are the only commercial source<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tritium inventory<\/td><td>about 25 kg in 2024 in one commentary; weak evidence<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Breeding<\/td><td>blankets must reach a breeding ratio above one<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy balance<\/td><td>facility electricity per shot or pulse not bound<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>MIN \u2192 INF tritium supply<\/li><li>ENE \u2194 INF facility power<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 INF cooling water<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>tritium inventory and start-up demand<\/li><li>facility electricity and cooling water<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Tritium purchase notices; blanket test results; published facility energy balances.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-02 Energy<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-12 Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-15 Advanced Nuclear and Next-Generation Fission<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-16 Advanced Energy Storage<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-04 Critical Minerals and Strategic Materials<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes fuel dependencies. It assesses no company or laboratory.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.3<\/span><span>Materials, lithium and supply chain<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Plants need enriched lithium, magnets, structural materials and plasma-facing components. Only lithium-6 has evidence in this edition.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">30 to 90<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>lithium-6 enrichment in blanket designs<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">0<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">supply<\/span><p>current lithium-6 supply, effectively zero<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2026<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">preprint<\/span><p>lithium enrichment analysis, seen in search only<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Lithium-6<\/td><td>supply effectively zero according to one presentation<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Enrichment routes<\/td><td>cost and hazard concerns in one preprint; not opened<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Magnets and structures<\/td><td>not documented in sources read<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Research facilities<\/td><td>shared test facilities named in strategies<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>MIN \u2192 INF lithium and materials<\/li><li>TRD \u2192 INF export controls<\/li><li>FIN \u2192 INF fabrication<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>lithium-6 capacity<\/li><li>component lifetimes and fabrication capacity<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Enrichment announcements; materials test facilities; export-control changes.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-02 Energy<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-12 Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-15 Advanced Nuclear and Next-Generation Fission<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-16 Advanced Energy Storage<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-04 Critical Minerals and Strategic Materials<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes supply dependencies in public sources. It assesses no company, state or export-control decision.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.4<\/span><span>Economy, investment and workforce<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Private funding rose to a record in the 12 months to July 2026 and public programmes expanded. Workforce numbers are the thin part of the evidence.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4.48<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">USD billion<\/span><p>private funding, 12 months to July 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">14.24<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">USD billion<\/span><p>cumulative private funding<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">&gt;2.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">GBP billion<\/span><p>UK funding over five years<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Private funding<\/td><td>USD 4.48 billion in 12 months; 56 companies in the survey<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Public funding<\/td><td>UK, German and Chinese commitments on different bases<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Programmes<\/td><td>US milestone programme funded eight companies in 2023<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Workforce<\/td><td>skills programmes announced in the UK; no figure bound<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>FIN \u2192 INF scale-up<\/li><li>FIN \u2192 GOV public programmes<\/li><li>HLT \u2192 INF workforce<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>public funding totals<\/li><li>workforce size and skills gaps<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>The July 2027 industry survey; national budget updates; EU strategy funding provisions.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-02 Energy<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-12 Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-15 Advanced Nuclear and Next-Generation Fission<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-16 Advanced Energy Storage<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-04 Critical Minerals and Strategic Materials<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes funding as reported. It gives no investment advice and endorses no company.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.5<\/span><span>Safety, licensing and governance watch<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The nearest effect of fusion on other infrastructure is regulatory. The US has proposed a licensing framework, and the UK, Germany and the EU have plans.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2026<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">proposed rule<\/span><p>US rule on fusion machines, 26 February 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2026<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">comments<\/span><p>comment deadline 27 May 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2029<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">submission<\/span><p>planned UK Development Consent Order for STEP, March 2029<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>US licensing<\/td><td>fusion machines under byproduct material rules of part 30<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>US plan<\/td><td>roadmap of October 2025 targets power by the mid-2030s<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UK and Germany<\/td><td>strategy of March 2026; action plan of October 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EU and international<\/td><td>call for evidence in 2025; IAEA group and outlook<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>GOV \u2192 INF licensing route<\/li><li>GOV \u2192 FIN financing conditions<\/li><li>GOV \u2192 TRD fuel transfer rules<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>final rule text<\/li><li>national waste and siting rules<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>The final US rule; the EU strategy; the UK draft National Policy Statement; IAEA coordination.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-02 Energy<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-12 Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-15 Advanced Nuclear and Next-Generation Fission<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-16 Advanced Energy Storage<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SR-04 Critical Minerals and Strategic Materials<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes rules and plans in public sources. It confers no approval on any device or company and assesses no government.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (ed.), National Ignition Facility 2025 (annual report page; 8.6 MJ on 7 April 2025 from 2.08 MJ delivered, target gain 4.13; refurbishment and enhanced yield capability to 2.6 MJ). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), New world record set in JET final fusion experiments (news report of 9 February 2024; 69 MJ over 5 seconds from 0.2 milligrams of fuel; 59 MJ in 2021). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>CEA IRFM (ed.), WEST sets a new plasma duration record (news page; plasma 61299, 12 February 2025, 1,337 seconds, 2 MW lower hybrid heating, 2.6 GJ injected and extracted). Commissariat a l energie atomique et aux energies alternatives, Cadarache. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (ed.), NIF fusion ignition shot hailed as historic scientific feat (news page; shot of 5 December 2022, 3.15 MJ from 2.05 MJ; announced 13 December 2022). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Physics World (ed.), China experimental advanced superconducting tokamak smashes fusion confinement record (news report; EAST 1066 seconds in high confinement, January 2025; earlier 403 seconds in 2023). IOP Publishing, Bristol. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Wendelstein 7-X sets new fusion performance records (news report of 4 June 2025; long-pulse triple product held for 43 seconds; announcement by the research institute and EUROfusion; peer-reviewed article not yet published at announcement). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Beidler, C.D. et al., Demonstration of reduced neoclassical energy transport in Wendelstein 7-X, Nature 596, 221 to 226, 2021, cited from memory. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Helion (ed.), Orion, the first fusion power plant (company page; Malaga, Washington; construction from 2025; initial operations stated for 2028; Microsoft agreement for 50 MW; a vendor announcement, weak evidence). Helion Energy, Everett. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Commonwealth Fusion <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> and Eni (eds.), Eni and CFS sign over USD 1 billion power purchase agreement (joint company release of 22 September 2025; 400 MW ARC plant in Chesterfield County, Virginia; grid connection in the early 2030s; a vendor announcement, weak evidence). Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Devens. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Commonwealth Fusion Systems (ed.), SPARC status, first plasma reported as a 2027 target, taken from search-result summaries and secondary pages. Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Devens. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Coleman, M. and Kovari, M., Global supply of tritium for fusion R and D from heavy water reactors (conference paper, UK Atomic Energy Authority; abstract and introduction read from the PDF; 0 to 27.7 kg available in 2055 across scenarios; 7.4 kg for a demonstration reactor in 2055 in one case). UK Atomic Energy Authority, Abingdon. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Theiding, T., Tritium: a few kilograms can make or break nuclear fusion (policy blog post of 6 March 2025; about 25 kg of civilian tritium in 2024; a student fellow commentary, weak evidence). Kleinman Center for Energy Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Pearson, R.J., The availability and supply of critical natural resources for the realisation of a fusion pilot plant: fuels for fusion (presentation to the US Department of Energy fusion workshop, 1 to 3 June 2022; lithium-6 is 7.4% of natural lithium; blankets need 30 to 90%; supply effectively zero; a company presentation, weak evidence). Kyoto Fusioneering, London. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Abdou, M. et al., Physics and technology considerations for the deuterium-tritium fuel cycle and conditions for tritium fuel self sufficiency, Nuclear Fusion 61, 013001, 2021, cited from memory. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ward, P. and colleagues, Lithium enrichment threatens to curb fusion deployment, arXiv:2605.04707, 2026, taken from search-result summaries. arXiv, Ithaca. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Knaster, J., Moeslang, A. and Muroga, T., Materials research for fusion, Nature Physics 12, 424 to 434, 2016, cited from memory. Observation year 2016. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (ed.), A new energy revolution: the UK plan for delivering fusion energy (policy paper of 16 March 2026; over GBP 2.5 billion over five years; GBP 1.3 billion for STEP and UK Fusion Energy; the first 100,000 of 127,790 characters were read). UK Government, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>US Department of Energy (ed.), Energy Department announces Fusion Science and Technology Roadmap to accelerate commercial fusion power (announcement of 16 October 2025; Build-Innovate-Grow; power on the grid by the mid-2030s; no funding commitment). US Department of Energy, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Fusion industry raised USD4.5 billion in past year, report says (14 July 2026; Fusion Industry Association 2026 survey: USD 4.48 billion in 12 months, USD 14.24 billion cumulative, 56 companies; an industry survey, weak evidence). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Clean Energy Wire (ed.), German government pledges more than EUR 2 bln for nuclear fusion (news report of 2 October 2025; cabinet plan of 1 October 2025). Clean Energy Wire, Berlin. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>American Nuclear Society (ed.), China launches fusion-focused company (news report of 30 July 2025; China Fusion Energy Co., 15 billion yuan registered capital, subsidiary of a state nuclear group; BEST tokamak in Hefei hoped for 2027). American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>American Nuclear Society (ed.), DOE picks eight fusion companies to design pilot power plants (news report of 2 June 2023; USD 46 million milestone programme; the page was read to the paywall). American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (ed.), Federal Register notice of 26 February 2026, proposed rule on regulatory framework for fusion machines (10 CFR part 30; comments due 27 May 2026; the first 100,000 of 168,363 characters were read). Office of the Federal Register, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>European Commission (ed.), Commission launches call for evidence to support first-ever EU-wide fusion strategy (news item of 6 June 2025; call open to 1 July 2025; strategy then programmed for the end of 2025). Directorate-General for Energy, Brussels. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Fusion entering implementation phase, says Grossi (report on the IAEA World Fusion Outlook 2025; more than 160 devices; private investment above USD 10 billion; October 2025). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-c8-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-part-methodology\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/\">Fusion and Frontier Energy 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex A<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Methodology<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">How the edition was made: methods, the model card, the evidence cut and its age, the acceptance record and the glossary.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>14 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>13 tables<\/span><span>21 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.1<\/span><span>Methods<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The global baseline uses published values and four simple derivations. Each is shown in full so that any reader can reproduce it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Methods<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">No.<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Derivation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Calculation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Result<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>(1)<\/td><td>Target gain of the December 2022 NIF shot<\/td><td>3.15 \u00f7 2.05<\/td><td>1.54<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(2)<\/td><td>Start of deuterium-tritium operation in the 2016 ITER plan implied by a four-year delay to 2039<\/td><td>2039 minus 4<\/td><td>2035<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(3)<\/td><td>Average fusion power over the JET record pulse<\/td><td>69 MJ \u00f7 5 s<\/td><td>about 14 MW<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(4)<\/td><td>Ratio of private funding in 12 months to July 2026 to the 2025 figure<\/td><td>4.48 \u00f7 2.64<\/td><td>about 1.7 times<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling strength scale (matrix and model card)<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Strength<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>STRONG<\/td><td>a disruption in the source system has historically changed the target system\u2019s service or output within one season, in more than one region<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MODERATE<\/td><td>an effect is documented but buffered or slower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEAK<\/td><td>an effect is plausible but not documented at global scale<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Status grammar<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rule<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>value as issued by its source, with year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>reasoned from cited evidence; never a measurement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus analytical value with stated method<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>conditional on stated assumptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>structured editorial judgement awaiting evidence<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.2<\/span><span>Model card, Fusion System Model v0<\/span><\/h2><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model ID<\/dt><dd>MDL-XT14-FUSION \u00b7 v0.1<\/dd><dt>Purpose<\/dt><dd>represent fusion and frontier energy as infrastructure coupled to energy, fuel supply, materials, finance, workforce and licensing<\/dd><dt>Family<\/dt><dd>graph-based system of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/dd><dt>Inputs<\/dt><dd>the cited sources of this edition; no proprietary data<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>expert-specified coupling strengths (STRONG \u00b7 MODERATE \u00b7 WEAK) from assessments and analogue events<\/dd><dt>Validation<\/dt><dd>none yet, first validation against federation evidence in 2027<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>qualitative; strengths are hypotheses, not measurements<\/dd><dt>Domain of validity<\/dt><dd>global scale; not for asset-, site- or country-level use<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>strength table and sources published in this edition<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">couplings<\/span><p>typed in v0<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">0<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strong<\/span><p>documented within one season<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">0<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">moderate<\/span><p>documented, buffered<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">weak<\/span><p>plausible, undocumented<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>framing the 2027 agenda; choosing which couplings to measure first; explaining the two readings of fusion as an experiment record and a fuel-cycle question.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOT SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>quantitative loss estimates, country comparisons or rankings, operational decisions, or any claim about a specific asset.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">VERSIONING<\/p><p>Models are immutable by version. A change to any coupling, rule or weight produces v0.2 with its own card and correction note.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.3<\/span><span>The baseline evidence cut<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Every Nexus edition is published from a frozen evidence cut. The global baseline cut is documentary: it pins the exact edition of every source cited. Federation cuts begin with the first national Foundry cuts in 2027.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Cut ID<\/dt><dd>DC-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-B0<\/dd><dt>Type<\/dt><dd>baseline documentary cut<\/dd><dt>Resolution policy<\/dt><dd>pinned \u00b7 as of 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Sources pinned<\/dt><dd>46 cited sources, each at the edition and access date in the references<\/dd><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>none at baseline, analytical values are stated with their method<\/dd><dt>Digest<\/dt><dd>computed at <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.hard-freeze\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"Air temperature falling well below freezing for hours, killing crops, bursting pipes and stopping water flow.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">freeze<\/a> and recorded in the publication record<\/dd><dt>Supersedes<\/dt><dd>nothing, first cut of the series<\/dd><dt>Superseded by<\/dt><dd>the 2027 fusion annual cut<\/dd><\/dl><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Lineage<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">source edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">pinned citation<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">finding<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">page<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">publication record<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">From the baseline cut to the federation cut<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Element<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2027 global annual<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Sources<\/td><td>cited global publications, pinned by edition<\/td><td>national, regional and sector cuts through one graph<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Analysis<\/td><td>stated methods and editorial estimates<\/td><td>typed analysis specifications<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Models<\/td><td>Fusion System Model v0 specification<\/td><td>model runs with receipts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Findings<\/td><td>twelve baseline findings<\/td><td>findings re-bound to federation evidence<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Review<\/td><td>five passes scheduled<\/td><td>five passes on the exact digest<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.4<\/span><span>Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A 2026 global edition rests on evidence observed in many different years. This page shows each time base, so that no single year label hides older evidence.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Observed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Released<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next release<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>NIF record shot<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Apr 2025<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>refurbished shots<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>JET energy record<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>Oct 2023 \u00b7 Feb 2024<\/td><td>one-off<\/td><td>ITER results<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEST and EAST durations<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Jan to Feb 2025<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>next campaigns<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ITER baseline<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>page read 2026-11-03<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>next Council update<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Industry survey<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>Jul 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>July 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>US regulator rule<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>Feb 2026<\/td><td>per rule<\/td><td>final rule<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UK strategy<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>Mar 2026<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>EN-8 draft<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tritium supply analysis<\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>2018 \u00b7 2025 commentary<\/td><td>one-off<\/td><td>new studies<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coverage by system at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Thinnest dimension<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Experiments<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>power and gain on a plant basis<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fuel cycle<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>tritium and lithium-6 volumes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Governance<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>final rules and national plans<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Investment<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>public funding totals<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>electricity delivered to a grid<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Materials<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>component lifetimes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Skills<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>workforce numbers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Frontier energy beyond fusion<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>covered by other editions<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Designed empty states: what is not bound, what would fill it and why<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Field<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source that would fill it<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Blocker<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Electricity delivered to a grid from fusion<\/td><td>plant operators and grid operators<\/td><td>no plant in operation in the sources read; company plans only<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Facility electricity per NIF shot or per WEST pulse<\/td><td>laboratory facility reports<\/td><td>not on the pages read; gain counts laser energy on target only<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global tritium inventory and start-up demand on a common basis<\/td><td>IAEA, national tritium programmes, peer-reviewed supply studies<\/td><td>one conference analysis and one commentary read; estimates differ<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lithium-6 enrichment capacity and demand<\/td><td>enrichment operators, national laboratories<\/td><td>one company presentation read; a 2026 preprint seen in search only<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ITER cost of the 2024 baseline<\/td><td>ITER Council documents<\/td><td>not on the page read; a figure appears only in search summaries<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SPARC first plasma date and status<\/td><td>Commonwealth Fusion <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> and its regulators<\/td><td>date reported in search summaries only; no primary page opened<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Commonwealth Fusion Systems offtake terms with Google<\/td><td>company releases<\/td><td>seen in search summaries only; terms not disclosed<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Helion Microsoft agreement terms<\/td><td>company releases<\/td><td>release page returned a block; figure taken from the company page read<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fusion Industry Association 2026 report from the report itself<\/td><td>FIA report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>report page returned an error; figures come from a news service<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IAEA World Fusion Outlook 2025 from the report itself<\/td><td>IAEA publication<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>publication page returned a payment error; figures come from news<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Status of the final US rule on fusion machines<\/td><td>Federal Register and NRC<\/td><td>proposed rule read; no final rule located at evidence close<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Status of the EU fusion strategy<\/td><td>European Commission<\/td><td>call for evidence read; no strategy text located<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Public funding totals by country<\/td><td>ministries, OECD, national audit offices<\/td><td>not consolidated; UK, Germany and China figures are on different bases<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Workforce size and fabrication capacity by country<\/td><td>national statistics, industry surveys<\/td><td>not retrieved; capability rung stays LISTED<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.5<\/span><span>Evidence cards, two anchor sources<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Published on the annual report site of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for 2025. One facility. Role: binds INF-001 and the gain tiles. Coverage: laser-driven inertial confinement.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-XT14-001<\/h3><p>Record fusion yield and gain at the National Ignition Facility<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Conference paper of the UK Atomic Energy Authority, 2018. One-off. Role: binds MIN-006. Coverage: heavy-water reactors and scenarios to 2055.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-XT14-002<\/h3><p>Global supply of tritium for fusion R and D from heavy-water reactors<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Quality dimensions at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Dimension<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-XT14-001<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-XT14-002<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Completeness<\/td><td>one facility; one shot series<\/td><td>scenarios to 2055 on 2018 data<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Timeliness<\/td><td>annual report for 2025<\/td><td>about eight years old<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Revision<\/td><td>yearly reports<\/td><td>revised from an earlier work<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Method transparency<\/td><td>yield and laser energy stated<\/td><td>scenario assumptions stated<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>External validation<\/td><td>laboratory report; journal papers for earlier shots<\/td><td>conference review<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence cards to follow in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>LLNL<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>: refurbished shots and a facility electricity figure<\/li><li>ITER<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>: Council decisions on the baseline<\/li><li>NRC<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>: final text of the rule<\/li><li>Coleman and Kovari<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup>: updated supply scenarios<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.6<\/span><span>Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Editorial self-check at evidence close. Every applicable item carries a disposition; the remaining items are review, approval and deposit.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-tab9\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Group<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Area<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Items<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pass<\/th><th scope=\"col\">N\/A<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pending<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D1<\/td><td>Identity and scope<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>Source and data<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D3<\/td><td>Analysis and models<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D4<\/td><td>Findings and claims<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D5<\/td><td>Figures, tables, maps<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D6<\/td><td>Editorial and citations<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D7<\/td><td>Review and approval<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>13<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D8<\/td><td>Artefact and design<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D9<\/td><td>Registry and release<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication gate<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Conditions met<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close<\/dd><dt>Blocking problems<\/dt><dd>none recorded<\/dd><dt>Open conditions<\/dt><dd>reviews, approval of the exact digest, deposit, registry pointer<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Not applicable at baseline<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>first runs in Q1 2027<\/dd><dt>Maps<\/dt><dd>plates in Q2 2027<\/dd><dt>Waivers<\/dt><dd>none<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Dispositions are recorded item by item in the machine-readable checklist. A FAIL on any item blocks release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.7<\/span><span>Status words<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-tab10\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The status every value carries<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it means<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"positive\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Observed<\/span><\/td><td>Measured directly and published by the source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>Published statistics of an official or institutional source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Declared<\/span><\/td><td>Stated by the body concerned; not independently measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>A Nexus estimate from cited evidence, with its method in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Modelled<\/span><\/td><td>Produced by a stated model from cited inputs.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>Reasoned from cited evidence; not measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Forecast<\/span><\/td><td>A projection by the cited source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Simulated<\/span><\/td><td>A simulation result under stated assumptions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>A conditional statement under stated assumptions; never a prediction.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>Expert judgement, recorded with its basis.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><td>Proposed for a later edition; not yet evidence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Evidence-quality levels (EQL 1 to 5) grade the source behind a value; they are not a score of the subject.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.8<\/span><span>How the edition is made, released and corrected<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">Every edition is built from a sealed evidence cut, reviewed under three keys, signed and deposited before any site shows it as published; corrections go to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> as change proposals and feed the next cut.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Evidence arrives from the pillars<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Foundry seals observations and indicator series, Universe hands over after-action and scenario findings, and contributions are screened at every gateway, including this site&#8217;s.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 The cut is sealed<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">On the cut date the evidence is pinned under one identifier, so anyone can rebuild the edition from exactly what it was built on.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 The edition is assembled<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The edition is drafted from its template and content pack. Agents may draft; they never publish and never decide.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 The keys turn<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">At the publisher of record the truth key comes first: every value is checked against its source or stated method before the meaning and capital keys turn. No edition moves on until every key has been turned by a named steward.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 The gate opens<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A named approver releases one exact digest of the edition; any change after this point is a new version, never a silent edit.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Signed and deposited<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The PDF, the web edition and the data bundle are signed together with a manifest and an RO-Crate description, and deposited on Zenodo with a concept and a version DOI.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">07 Published on its desk&#8217;s site<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Only then does the edition show as published on its desk&#8217;s Reports site, and the Collection lists it as a part.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">08 Corrections go to Standards<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Method and correction findings go to Nexus Standards as change proposals; citations, corrections and new contributions feed the next evidence cut.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of the process, not a forecast and not a record of any run; dates and counts on this page come from the programme record. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/governance\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Reports governance at GCRI Canada<\/a> (2026); Zenodo, repository of record for Reports deposits (2026).<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">Lifecycle, one state at a time: Draft, Computed, Evidence bound, Reviewed, Approved for release, Published, Corrected, Superseded. This edition is a draft.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.9<\/span><span>Glossary and abbreviations<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-tab11\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Series terms<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Baseline Edition<\/td><td>the inaugural annual edition that fixes the reference state for the series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEFH+B<\/td><td>water, energy, food, health and biodiversity, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/governance-in-operation\/national-nexus\" data-tc=\"National Nexus\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The national model: the NNC, the NLC and the NWG as its three participation pillars, with the National Desk, Model and Portfolio and the NSC as the standards function of the NNC (OR-13)\">national nexus<\/a> core<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coupling<\/td><td>a typed dependency through which one system transmits to another<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">Protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>the share of losses not covered by insurance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability ladder<\/td><td>LISTED \u2192 EXISTS \u2192 ADEQUATE \u2192 TESTED \u2192 DEMONSTRATED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EQL<\/td><td>evidence-quality level, 1\u20135<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence cut<\/td><td>a frozen resolution of exact sources and versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NNC \u00b7 NLC \u00b7 NWG<\/td><td>National Nexus Consortium \u00b7 National Leadership Council \u00b7 National Working Groups<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-tab12\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.12<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Abbreviations used in this edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Abbreviation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Expansion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CANDU<\/td><td>Canada Deuterium Uranium heavy-water reactor<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D-T<\/td><td>deuterium-tritium<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EAST<\/td><td>Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FIA<\/td><td>Fusion Industry Association<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IAEA<\/td><td>International Atomic Energy Agency<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ITER<\/td><td>international fusion research project in France<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>JET<\/td><td>Joint European Torus<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NIF<\/td><td>National Ignition Facility<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NRC<\/td><td>US Nuclear Regulatory Commission<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>STEP<\/td><td>Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>TBR<\/td><td>tritium breeding ratio<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEST<\/td><td>Tungsten Environment in Steady-state Tokamak<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.10<\/span><span>Technical annex<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-tab13\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.13<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Technical annex<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Annex<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contents<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A.1<\/td><td>Indicator definitions<\/td><td>the global indicator set, with units and sources<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.2<\/td><td>Coupling strengths<\/td><td>the twenty-cell matrix and its rationale<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.3<\/td><td>Scenario specification<\/td><td>SCN-XT14-FUE-01 assumptions and signposts<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.4<\/td><td>Capability placements<\/td><td>rung evidence for fifteen functions<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.5<\/td><td>Model diagnostics<\/td><td>first runs and validation<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.6<\/td><td>Sensitivity analyses<\/td><td>influence of coupling strengths<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.7<\/td><td>Cluster notes<\/td><td>cards for the major fusion device and fuel-cycle clusters<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.8<\/td><td>Review statements<\/td><td>pass-by-pass review record<\/td><td>AT RELEASE<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">A.1 \u00b7 indicator definition: target gain<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Construct<\/dt><dd>fusion energy produced divided by the laser energy delivered to the target<\/dd><dt>Unit<\/dt><dd>times<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>yield and laser energy as reported by the laboratory for a single shot<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory annual report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>no uncertainty is stated on the page read<\/dd><dt>Known limits<\/dt><dd>laser energy on target only; facility electricity is not included; one facility<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Annexes carry the same evidence, review and correction rules as the chapters and are versioned with the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Helion (ed.), Orion, the first fusion power plant (company page; Malaga, Washington; construction from 2025; initial operations stated for 2028; Microsoft agreement for 50 MW; a vendor announcement, weak evidence). Helion Energy, Everett. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Commonwealth Fusion <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> and Eni (eds.), Eni and CFS sign over USD 1 billion power purchase agreement (joint company release of 22 September 2025; 400 MW ARC plant in Chesterfield County, Virginia; grid connection in the early 2030s; a vendor announcement, weak evidence). Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Devens. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (ed.), National Ignition Facility 2025 (annual report page; 8.6 MJ on 7 April 2025 from 2.08 MJ delivered, target gain 4.13; refurbishment and enhanced yield capability to 2.6 MJ). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Coleman, M. and Kovari, M., Global supply of tritium for fusion R and D from heavy water reactors (conference paper, UK Atomic Energy Authority; abstract and introduction read from the PDF; 0 to 27.7 kg available in 2055 across scenarios; 7.4 kg for a demonstration reactor in 2055 in one case). UK Atomic Energy Authority, Abingdon. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Theiding, T., Tritium: a few kilograms can make or break nuclear fusion (policy blog post of 6 March 2025; about 25 kg of civilian tritium in 2024; a student fellow commentary, weak evidence). Kleinman Center for Energy Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Pearson, R.J., The availability and supply of critical natural resources for the realisation of a fusion pilot plant: fuels for fusion (presentation to the US Department of Energy fusion workshop, 1 to 3 June 2022; lithium-6 is 7.4% of natural lithium; blankets need 30 to 90%; supply effectively zero; a company presentation, weak evidence). Kyoto Fusioneering, London. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ward, P. and colleagues, Lithium enrichment threatens to curb fusion deployment, arXiv:2605.04707, 2026, taken from search-result summaries. arXiv, Ithaca. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ITER Organization and press (eds.), ITER 2024 baseline additional cost of about EUR 5 billion, taken from search-result summaries. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Commonwealth Fusion Systems (ed.), SPARC status, first plasma reported as a 2027 target, taken from search-result summaries and secondary pages. Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Devens. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Commonwealth Fusion Systems (ed.), offtake agreement with Google for 200 MW from the Virginia ARC plant, June 2025, taken from search-result summaries. Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Devens. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Helion (ed.), Helion secures land and begins building on the site of the first fusion power plant, release of 30 July 2025 (the release page returned a block) and the 2023 Microsoft agreement, taken from search-result summaries. Helion Energy, Everett. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Fusion Industry Association (ed.), The Global Fusion Industry in 2026 (report page returned an error; figures read through a news service). Fusion Industry Association, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Fusion industry raised USD4.5 billion in past year, report says (14 July 2026; Fusion Industry Association 2026 survey: USD 4.48 billion in 12 months, USD 14.24 billion cumulative, 56 companies; an industry survey, weak evidence). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: IAEA (ed.), World Fusion Outlook 2025 (publication page returned a payment error; figures read through news). International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Fusion entering implementation phase, says Grossi (report on the IAEA World Fusion Outlook 2025; more than 160 devices; private investment above USD 10 billion; October 2025). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (ed.), Federal Register notice of 26 February 2026, proposed rule on regulatory framework for fusion machines (10 CFR part 30; comments due 27 May 2026; the first 100,000 of 168,363 characters were read). Office of the Federal Register, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>European Commission (ed.), Commission launches call for evidence to support first-ever EU-wide fusion strategy (news item of 6 June 2025; call open to 1 July 2025; strategy then programmed for the end of 2025). Directorate-General for Energy, Brussels. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (ed.), A new energy revolution: the UK plan for delivering fusion energy (policy paper of 16 March 2026; over GBP 2.5 billion over five years; GBP 1.3 billion for STEP and UK Fusion Energy; the first 100,000 of 127,790 characters were read). UK Government, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Clean Energy Wire (ed.), German government pledges more than EUR 2 bln for nuclear fusion (news report of 2 October 2025; cabinet plan of 1 October 2025). Clean Energy Wire, Berlin. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>American Nuclear Society (ed.), China launches fusion-focused company (news report of 30 July 2025; China Fusion Energy Co., 15 billion yuan registered capital, subsidiary of a state nuclear group; BEST tokamak in Hefei hoped for 2027). American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>ITER Organization (ed.), ITER in a few lines (project page; baseline reviewed by the ITER Council in November 2024; start of research operation 2034; deuterium-tritium operation 2039; Q of 10, 500 MW from 50 MW). ITER Organization, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-ca-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-part-data\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/\">Fusion and Frontier Energy 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex B<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Data appendix<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>10 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>8 tables<\/span><span>18 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.1<\/span><span>The indicator set<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Global baseline indicator set<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>NIF fusion energy produced, 7 April 2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">8.6<\/span><\/td><td>MJ<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NIF laser energy delivered to target, 2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">2.08<\/span><\/td><td>MJ<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NIF target gain, 2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">4.13<\/span><\/td><td>times<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NIF fusion energy produced, 5 December 2022<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">3.15<\/span><\/td><td>MJ<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NIF laser energy delivered to target, 2022<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">2.05<\/span><\/td><td>MJ<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>JET fusion energy over about 5 seconds<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">69<\/span><\/td><td>MJ<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEST plasma duration<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1,337<\/span><\/td><td>seconds<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEST heating power in the record pulse<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">2<\/span><\/td><td>MW<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EAST high-confinement plasma duration<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1,066<\/span><\/td><td>seconds<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wendelstein 7-X long-pulse triple product record held for<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">43<\/span><\/td><td>seconds<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ITER start of deuterium-tritium operation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">2039<\/span><\/td><td>year<\/td><td>2039 plan<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Private fusion funding, 12 months to July 2026<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">4.48<\/span><\/td><td>USD billion<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Private fusion funding, cumulative<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">14.24<\/span><\/td><td>USD billion<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Companies in the 2026 survey<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">56<\/span><\/td><td>companies<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UK government fusion funding over five years<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">&gt;2.5<\/span><\/td><td>GBP billion<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>German fusion funding by 2029<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">&gt;2<\/span><\/td><td>EUR billion<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-actions nrp-noprint\"><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:text\/csv;charset=utf-8,Indicator%2CValue%2CUnit%2CYear%2CState%2CSource%0A%22NIF%20fusion%20energy%20produced%2C%207%20April%202025%22%2C8.6%2CMJ%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B5%5D%0A%22NIF%20laser%20energy%20delivered%20to%20target%2C%202025%22%2C2.08%2CMJ%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B5%5D%0A%22NIF%20target%20gain%2C%202025%22%2C4.13%2Ctimes%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B5%5D%0A%22NIF%20fusion%20energy%20produced%2C%205%20December%202022%22%2C3.15%2CMJ%2C2022%2CREPORTED%2C%5B6%5D%0A%22NIF%20laser%20energy%20delivered%20to%20target%2C%202022%22%2C2.05%2CMJ%2C2022%2CREPORTED%2C%5B6%5D%0AJET%20fusion%20energy%20over%20about%205%20seconds%2C69%2CMJ%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B4%5D%0AWEST%20plasma%20duration%2C%221%2C337%22%2Cseconds%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0AWEST%20heating%20power%20in%20the%20record%20pulse%2C2%2CMW%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0AEAST%20high-confinement%20plasma%20duration%2C%221%2C066%22%2Cseconds%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0AWendelstein%207-X%20long-pulse%20triple%20product%20record%20held%20for%2C43%2Cseconds%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B3%5D%0AITER%20start%20of%20deuterium-tritium%20operation%2C2039%2Cyear%2C2039%20plan%2CSCENARIO%2C%5B7%5D%0A%22Private%20fusion%20funding%2C%2012%20months%20to%20July%202026%22%2C4.48%2CUSD%20billion%2C2026%2CREPORTED%2C%5B10%5D%0A%22Private%20fusion%20funding%2C%20cumulative%22%2C14.24%2CUSD%20billion%2C2026%2CREPORTED%2C%5B10%5D%0ACompanies%20in%20the%202026%20survey%2C56%2Ccompanies%2C2026%2CREPORTED%2C%5B10%5D%0AUK%20government%20fusion%20funding%20over%20five%20years%2C%3E2.5%2CGBP%20billion%2C2026%2CREPORTED%2C%5B15%5D%0AGerman%20fusion%20funding%20by%202029%2C%3E2%2CEUR%20billion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B16%5D%0A\" download=\"NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-indicators.csv\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, CSV<\/a><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:application\/json;charset=utf-8,%7B%0A%20%22edition%22%3A%20%22NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE%22%2C%0A%20%22title%22%3A%20%22Exponential%20Technology%20Report%202026%3A%20Fusion%20and%20Frontier%20Energy%22%2C%0A%20%22status%22%3A%20%22Draft%20under%20stewardship%20review%3B%20not%20yet%20released%22%2C%0A%20%22licence%22%3A%20%22CC-BY-4.0%20for%20the%20edition%20table%3B%20each%20value%20keeps%20its%20source's%20licence%22%2C%0A%20%22columns%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%22Indicator%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Value%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Unit%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Year%22%2C%0A%20%20%22State%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Source%22%0A%20%5D%2C%0A%20%22rows%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22NIF%20fusion%20energy%20produced%2C%207%20April%202025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%228.6%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22MJ%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B5%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22NIF%20laser%20energy%20delivered%20to%20target%2C%202025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222.08%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22MJ%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B5%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22NIF%20target%20gain%2C%202025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%224.13%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22times%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B5%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22NIF%20fusion%20energy%20produced%2C%205%20December%202022%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%223.15%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22MJ%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222022%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B6%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22NIF%20laser%20energy%20delivered%20to%20target%2C%202022%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222.05%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22MJ%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222022%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B6%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22JET%20fusion%20energy%20over%20about%205%20seconds%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2269%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22MJ%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B4%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22WEST%20plasma%20duration%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%2C337%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22seconds%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22WEST%20heating%20power%20in%20the%20record%20pulse%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22MW%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22EAST%20high-confinement%20plasma%20duration%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%2C066%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22seconds%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Wendelstein%207-X%20long-pulse%20triple%20product%20record%20held%20for%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2243%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22seconds%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B3%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22ITER%20start%20of%20deuterium-tritium%20operation%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222039%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22year%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222039%20plan%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22SCENARIO%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B7%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Private%20fusion%20funding%2C%2012%20months%20to%20July%202026%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%224.48%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22USD%20billion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222026%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B10%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Private%20fusion%20funding%2C%20cumulative%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2214.24%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22USD%20billion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222026%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B10%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Companies%20in%20the%202026%20survey%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2256%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22companies%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222026%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B10%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22UK%20government%20fusion%20funding%20over%20five%20years%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%3E2.5%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22GBP%20billion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222026%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B15%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22German%20fusion%20funding%20by%202029%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%3E2%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22EUR%20billion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B16%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%0A%20%5D%0A%7D\" download=\"NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-indicators.json\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, JSON<\/a><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOTES<\/p><p>Values are rounded as published. Plans are labelled SCENARIO. Company statements and values from search summaries carry weak-evidence wording or an UNVERIFIED reference and are listed in the notes. A machine-readable copy of this table is published with the evidence bundle at release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.2<\/span><span>Global source register<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Domains bound by the register<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">INF<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FIN<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">MIN<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ENE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GOV<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">CLI<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">TRD<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">WAT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">HLT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FOO<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Global source register<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Category<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Period<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>LLNL annual report page<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national laboratory<\/td><td>one facility<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>inertial results<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CEA page<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national research agency<\/td><td>one device<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>one-off<\/td><td>plasma duration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WNN on JET<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>trade news service<\/td><td>one device<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>one-off<\/td><td>energy record<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ITER project page<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international project<\/td><td>ITER<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>continuous<\/td><td>baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IAEA outlook via news<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>intergovernmental agency<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>device count<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FIA surveys via news<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>trade association<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2025 to 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>investment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>US DOE roadmap<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national ministry<\/td><td>US<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>plan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Federal Register notice<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national regulator<\/td><td>US<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>per rule<\/td><td>licensing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UK strategy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national government<\/td><td>UK<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>funding<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coleman and Kovari<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>conference paper<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>one-off<\/td><td>tritium<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FIXTURE PROHIBITION<\/p><p>No demonstration or reference-cartographic fixture is used as evidence in this edition. The publication gate checks every binding against this register.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.3<\/span><span>Regional reading, fusion across ten clusters<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Regional plates follow with the regional editions. This page gives the regional reading of fusion infrastructure and exposure in table form and ranks no region.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional reading, fusion across ten clusters<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Region<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Principal hazards<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems most exposed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>North America<\/td><td>laser facility; regulator rule proposed; company plants stated<\/td><td>fuel, licensing<\/td><td>LLNL<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>; NRC<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>; DOE<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>South America<\/td><td>no source read<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><td>regional evidence (not bound)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Europe<\/td><td>JET results; Wendelstein 7-X; WEST; ITER site; UK and German plans<\/td><td>devices, funding<\/td><td>ITER<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>; UK<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>; Germany<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Eurasia<\/td><td>no source read<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><td>regional evidence (not bound)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Middle East and North Africa<\/td><td>no documented coupling<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><td>regional evidence (not bound)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Africa<\/td><td>no documented coupling<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><td>regional evidence (not bound)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>South Asia<\/td><td>ITER member; no further source read<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><td>ITER<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>East Asia<\/td><td>EAST; state-owned fusion company; national programmes<\/td><td>devices, funding<\/td><td>Physics World<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>; ANS<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ASEAN<\/td><td>no source read<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><td>regional evidence (not bound)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Oceania-Pacific<\/td><td>no source read<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><td>regional evidence (not bound)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">MAP PLATES WITH THE REGIONAL EDITIONS<\/p><p>Each plate will carry its boundary source and version, projection, resolution, classification, uncertainty encoding and public-safe transform, with text and table alternatives.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Regional readings summarise the cited evidence. They are not risk ratings of any region or country.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.4<\/span><span>Cluster card: tritium and lithium fuel cycle<\/span><\/h2><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">fuel cycle<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">tritium<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">lithium-6<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">single point<\/li><\/ul><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Systems in view<\/dt><dd>heavy-water reactors, tritium stores, enrichment, breeding blankets<\/dd><dt>Defining events<\/dt><dd>first plants stated for the 2030s with start-up fuel unresolved<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Couplings<\/dt><dd>MIN \u2192 INF fuel; TRD \u2192 MIN transfer rules<\/dd><dt>Capability evidence<\/dt><dd>blanket and breeding research reported<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Gaps<\/dt><dd>inventory; start-up demand; lithium-6 capacity<\/dd><dt>Agenda items<\/dt><dd>F-01 \u00b7 F-02<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Heavy-water reactors are the only commercial source of tritium, and the amount free for fusion in 2055 ranges from 0 to 27.7 kg across scenarios [20].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">SUPPLY<\/h3><p>One commercial tritium source<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Natural lithium holds 7.4% lithium-6, blankets need 30 to 90%, and current supply is effectively zero according to one presentation [21].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">FUEL<\/h3><p>Lithium-6 is scarce<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reported responses include breeding blankets, natural-lithium concepts and new enrichment methods. None is documented at scale here [21] [33].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">RESPONSE<\/h3><p>Breeding and new enrichment<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Cluster cards are generated for the major device and supply clusters in 2027. The fuel cycle is shown first because its dependency on a scarce isotope is documented.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.5<\/span><span>How countries appear in the fusion edition<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Countries enter the fusion edition through the readiness chapters of their own national editions, on one card grammar. They are read against peer distributions and thresholds, never ranked.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">How countries appear in the fusion edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Card field<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it shows<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>WEFH+B state<\/td><td>each core system against peer distribution bands<\/td><td>national edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Couplings<\/td><td>the national dependency matrix<\/td><td>national edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk objects<\/td><td>the national risk portfolio<\/td><td>national edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability rungs<\/td><td>the national capability ladder<\/td><td>national edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence age<\/td><td>oldest and newest source dates<\/td><td>national source register<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Editions in the 2026 Baseline programme<\/h3><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">26<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">national<\/span><p>countries and unions<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">regional<\/span><p>clusters<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">16<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">global<\/span><p>flagship and sector<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">14<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strategic<\/span><p><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> reports<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">frontier<\/span><p>technology reports<\/p><\/div><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">How to read a country card<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Each system is shown against the distribution of its peers, with thresholds where they exist<\/li><li>Couplings and risk objects come from the country\u2019s own national edition<\/li><li>Capability rungs record evidence, not a judgement of institutions<\/li><li>Evidence age is printed, so older national data are visible as such<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">National Baseline Editions in the 2026 programme<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Wave<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Countries and unions<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>W0<\/td><td>Canada<\/td><td>ISSUED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>W1<\/td><td>United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, European Union, Switzerland<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>W2<\/td><td>Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, T\u00fcrkiye, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, South Africa, Senegal, Kenya, African Union, India, China, Republic of Korea, Indonesia, Singapore, Australia<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>External rankings, where cited, keep their own method and source. Nexus never converts them into a rating, and each country\u2019s ownership of its national edition is unaffected by its appearance here.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.6<\/span><span>Licences<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Licences of each kind of material<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Material<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Text<\/td><td>CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data<\/td><td>on the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td>Nexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maps<\/td><td>boundary source and licence printed on each plate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Metadata<\/td><td>CC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Third-party data, figures and text<\/td><td>The source&#8217;s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.7<\/span><span>Formats and provenance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">This edition in every format<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Format<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it is<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Web edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>Draft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Print edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indicator data<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CSV \u00b7 JSON<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>16 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE data release v1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">SVG \u00b7 PNG<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIG-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-*<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slides<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No slide deck is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence brief<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML \u00b7 PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No evidence brief is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dataset with DOI<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DataCite<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>Concept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Provenance<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Edition pack<\/dt><dd>The edition&#8217;s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built<\/dd><dt>Evidence cut<\/dt><dd>DC-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-B0, closed 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters<\/dd><dt>Self-check<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release<\/dd><dt>Review<\/dt><dd>five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>GCRI for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Corrections<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (ed.), National Ignition Facility 2025 (annual report page; 8.6 MJ on 7 April 2025 from 2.08 MJ delivered, target gain 4.13; refurbishment and enhanced yield capability to 2.6 MJ). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (ed.), NIF fusion ignition shot hailed as historic scientific feat (news page; shot of 5 December 2022, 3.15 MJ from 2.05 MJ; announced 13 December 2022). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), New world record set in JET final fusion experiments (news report of 9 February 2024; 69 MJ over 5 seconds from 0.2 milligrams of fuel; 59 MJ in 2021). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>CEA IRFM (ed.), WEST sets a new plasma duration record (news page; plasma 61299, 12 February 2025, 1,337 seconds, 2 MW lower hybrid heating, 2.6 GJ injected and extracted). Commissariat a l energie atomique et aux energies alternatives, Cadarache. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Physics World (ed.), China experimental advanced superconducting tokamak smashes fusion confinement record (news report; EAST 1066 seconds in high confinement, January 2025; earlier 403 seconds in 2023). IOP Publishing, Bristol. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Wendelstein 7-X sets new fusion performance records (news report of 4 June 2025; long-pulse triple product held for 43 seconds; announcement by the research institute and EUROfusion; peer-reviewed article not yet published at announcement). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>ITER Organization (ed.), ITER in a few lines (project page; baseline reviewed by the ITER Council in November 2024; start of research operation 2034; deuterium-tritium operation 2039; Q of 10, 500 MW from 50 MW). ITER Organization, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Fusion industry raised USD4.5 billion in past year, report says (14 July 2026; Fusion Industry Association 2026 survey: USD 4.48 billion in 12 months, USD 14.24 billion cumulative, 56 companies; an industry survey, weak evidence). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (ed.), A new energy revolution: the UK plan for delivering fusion energy (policy paper of 16 March 2026; over GBP 2.5 billion over five years; GBP 1.3 billion for STEP and UK Fusion Energy; the first 100,000 of 127,790 characters were read). UK Government, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Clean Energy Wire (ed.), German government pledges more than EUR 2 bln for nuclear fusion (news report of 2 October 2025; cabinet plan of 1 October 2025). Clean Energy Wire, Berlin. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Fusion entering implementation phase, says Grossi (report on the IAEA World Fusion Outlook 2025; more than 160 devices; private investment above USD 10 billion; October 2025). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Access to funding remains a major issue for fusion, says FIA (report on the Fusion Industry Association 2025 survey of 23 July 2025: USD 2.64 billion, USD 9.766 billion cumulative, 53 companies; an industry survey, weak evidence). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>US Department of Energy (ed.), Energy Department announces Fusion Science and Technology Roadmap to accelerate commercial fusion power (announcement of 16 October 2025; Build-Innovate-Grow; power on the grid by the mid-2030s; no funding commitment). US Department of Energy, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (ed.), Federal Register notice of 26 February 2026, proposed rule on regulatory framework for fusion machines (10 CFR part 30; comments due 27 May 2026; the first 100,000 of 168,363 characters were read). Office of the Federal Register, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Coleman, M. and Kovari, M., Global supply of tritium for fusion R and D from heavy water reactors (conference paper, UK Atomic Energy Authority; abstract and introduction read from the PDF; 0 to 27.7 kg available in 2055 across scenarios; 7.4 kg for a demonstration reactor in 2055 in one case). UK Atomic Energy Authority, Abingdon. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>American Nuclear Society (ed.), China launches fusion-focused company (news report of 30 July 2025; China Fusion Energy Co., 15 billion yuan registered capital, subsidiary of a state nuclear group; BEST tokamak in Hefei hoped for 2027). American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Pearson, R.J., The availability and supply of critical natural resources for the realisation of a fusion pilot plant: fuels for fusion (presentation to the US Department of Energy fusion workshop, 1 to 3 June 2022; lithium-6 is 7.4% of natural lithium; blankets need 30 to 90%; supply effectively zero; a company presentation, weak evidence). Kyoto Fusioneering, London. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Abdou, M. et al., Physics and technology considerations for the deuterium-tritium fuel cycle and conditions for tritium fuel self sufficiency, Nuclear Fusion 61, 013001, 2021, cited from memory. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-14-cb-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-part-references\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cc-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/\">Fusion and Frontier Energy 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex C<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">References and record<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Every source the edition rests on, the publication record, the corrections log and the open record.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>15 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>0 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cc-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cc-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cc-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.1<\/span><span>46 sources<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">NR-CIT-1, editor first. A DOI is linked where the source has one; Nexus records carry a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> once the catalogue allocates it (NS-1).<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>CEA IRFM (ed.), WEST sets a new plasma duration record (news page; plasma 61299, 12 February 2025, 1,337 seconds, 2 MW lower hybrid heating, 2.6 GJ injected and extracted). Commissariat a l energie atomique et aux energies alternatives, Cadarache. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Physics World (ed.), China experimental advanced superconducting tokamak smashes fusion confinement record (news report; EAST 1066 seconds in high confinement, January 2025; earlier 403 seconds in 2023). IOP Publishing, Bristol. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Wendelstein 7-X sets new fusion performance records (news report of 4 June 2025; long-pulse triple product held for 43 seconds; announcement by the research institute and EUROfusion; peer-reviewed article not yet published at announcement). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), New world record set in JET final fusion experiments (news report of 9 February 2024; 69 MJ over 5 seconds from 0.2 milligrams of fuel; 59 MJ in 2021). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (ed.), National Ignition Facility 2025 (annual report page; 8.6 MJ on 7 April 2025 from 2.08 MJ delivered, target gain 4.13; refurbishment and enhanced yield capability to 2.6 MJ). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (ed.), NIF fusion ignition shot hailed as historic scientific feat (news page; shot of 5 December 2022, 3.15 MJ from 2.05 MJ; announced 13 December 2022). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>ITER Organization (ed.), ITER in a few lines (project page; baseline reviewed by the ITER Council in November 2024; start of research operation 2034; deuterium-tritium operation 2039; Q of 10, 500 MW from 50 MW). ITER Organization, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>ITER Organization (ed.), ITER Newsline issue 473 (item on the IAEA World Fusion Outlook 2025, dated 14 October 2025). ITER Organization, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Fusion entering implementation phase, says Grossi (report on the IAEA World Fusion Outlook 2025; more than 160 devices; private investment above USD 10 billion; October 2025). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Fusion industry raised USD4.5 billion in past year, report says (14 July 2026; Fusion Industry Association 2026 survey: USD 4.48 billion in 12 months, USD 14.24 billion cumulative, 56 companies; an industry survey, weak evidence). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Access to funding remains a major issue for fusion, says FIA (report on the Fusion Industry Association 2025 survey of 23 July 2025: USD 2.64 billion, USD 9.766 billion cumulative, 53 companies; an industry survey, weak evidence). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>US Department of Energy (ed.), Energy Department announces Fusion Science and Technology Roadmap to accelerate commercial fusion power (announcement of 16 October 2025; Build-Innovate-Grow; power on the grid by the mid-2030s; no funding commitment). US Department of Energy, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>American Nuclear Society (ed.), DOE picks eight fusion companies to design pilot power plants (news report of 2 June 2023; USD 46 million milestone programme; the page was read to the paywall). American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (ed.), Federal Register notice of 26 February 2026, proposed rule on regulatory framework for fusion machines (10 CFR part 30; comments due 27 May 2026; the first 100,000 of 168,363 characters were read). Office of the Federal Register, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (ed.), A new energy revolution: the UK plan for delivering fusion energy (policy paper of 16 March 2026; over GBP 2.5 billion over five years; GBP 1.3 billion for STEP and UK Fusion Energy; the first 100,000 of 127,790 characters were read). UK Government, London. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Clean Energy Wire (ed.), German government pledges more than EUR 2 bln for nuclear fusion (news report of 2 October 2025; cabinet plan of 1 October 2025). Clean Energy Wire, Berlin. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Nuclear News (ed.), Germany boosts funding for fusion research (news report; Fusion Action Plan of October 2025; more than EUR 2 billion by 2029; about EUR 1.7 billion public research funding and up to EUR 755 million from an infrastructure fund). World Nuclear Association, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>European Commission (ed.), Commission launches call for evidence to support first-ever EU-wide fusion strategy (news item of 6 June 2025; call open to 1 July 2025; strategy then programmed for the end of 2025). Directorate-General for Energy, Brussels. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>American Nuclear Society (ed.), China launches fusion-focused company (news report of 30 July 2025; China Fusion Energy Co., 15 billion yuan registered capital, subsidiary of a state nuclear group; BEST tokamak in Hefei hoped for 2027). American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>Coleman, M. and Kovari, M., Global supply of tritium for fusion R and D from heavy water reactors (conference paper, UK Atomic Energy Authority; abstract and introduction read from the PDF; 0 to 27.7 kg available in 2055 across scenarios; 7.4 kg for a demonstration reactor in 2055 in one case). UK Atomic Energy Authority, Abingdon. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>Pearson, R.J., The availability and supply of critical natural resources for the realisation of a fusion pilot plant: fuels for fusion (presentation to the US Department of Energy fusion workshop, 1 to 3 June 2022; lithium-6 is 7.4% of natural lithium; blankets need 30 to 90%; supply effectively zero; a company presentation, weak evidence). Kyoto Fusioneering, London. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>Theiding, T., Tritium: a few kilograms can make or break nuclear fusion (policy blog post of 6 March 2025; about 25 kg of civilian tritium in 2024; a student fellow commentary, weak evidence). Kleinman Center for Energy Policy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Commonwealth Fusion <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> and Eni (eds.), Eni and CFS sign over USD 1 billion power purchase agreement (joint company release of 22 September 2025; 400 MW ARC plant in Chesterfield County, Virginia; grid connection in the early 2030s; a vendor announcement, weak evidence). Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Devens. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Helion (ed.), Orion, the first fusion power plant (company page; Malaga, Washington; construction from 2025; initial operations stated for 2028; Microsoft agreement for 50 MW; a vendor announcement, weak evidence). Helion Energy, Everett. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Physics Today (ed.), ITER costs are pinned down with caveats (news report on the 2016 baseline review; review committee chaired by A. Wagner; estimate without contingencies). American Institute of Physics, College Park. Observation year 2016. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ITER Organization and press (eds.), ITER 2024 baseline additional cost of about EUR 5 billion, taken from search-result summaries. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Commonwealth Fusion Systems (ed.), offtake agreement with Google for 200 MW from the Virginia ARC plant, June 2025, taken from search-result summaries. Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Devens. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Helion (ed.), Helion secures land and begins building on the site of the first fusion power plant, release of 30 July 2025 (the release page returned a block) and the 2023 Microsoft agreement, taken from search-result summaries. Helion Energy, Everett. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Commonwealth Fusion Systems (ed.), SPARC status, first plasma reported as a 2027 target, taken from search-result summaries and secondary pages. Commonwealth Fusion Systems, Devens. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Fusion Industry Association (ed.), The Global Fusion Industry in 2026 (report page returned an error; figures read through a news service). Fusion Industry Association, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: IAEA (ed.), World Fusion Outlook 2025 (publication page returned a payment error; figures read through news). International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Huang, J. and colleagues, EAST overview paper, IAEA Fusion Energy Conference 2025, seen as a search listing only. Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Ward, P. and colleagues, Lithium enrichment threatens to curb fusion deployment, arXiv:2605.04707, 2026, taken from search-result summaries. arXiv, Ithaca. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Lawson, J.D., Some criteria for a power producing thermonuclear reactor, Proceedings of the Physical Society B 70, 6 to 10, 1957, cited from memory. Observation year 1957. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Zylstra, A.B. et al., Burning plasma achieved in inertial fusion, Nature 601, 542 to 548, 2022, cited from memory. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Abu-Shawareb, H. et al., Achievement of target gain larger than unity in an inertial fusion experiment, Physical Review Letters 132, 065102, 2024, cited from memory. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Creely, A.J. et al., Overview of the SPARC tokamak, Journal of Plasma Physics 86, 865860502, 2020, cited from memory. Observation year 2020. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Sorbom, B.N. et al., ARC: a compact, high-field, fusion nuclear science facility and demonstration power plant with demountable magnets, Fusion Engineering and Design 100, 378 to 405, 2015, cited from memory. Observation year 2015. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Abdou, M. et al., Physics and technology considerations for the deuterium-tritium fuel cycle and conditions for tritium fuel self sufficiency, Nuclear Fusion 61, 013001, 2021, cited from memory. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Federici, G. et al., Overview of the DEMO staged design approach in Europe, Nuclear Fusion 59, 066013, 2019, cited from memory. Observation year 2019. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Knaster, J., Moeslang, A. and Muroga, T., Materials research for fusion, Nature Physics 12, 424 to 434, 2016, cited from memory. Observation year 2016. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Beidler, C.D. et al., Demonstration of reduced neoclassical energy transport in Wendelstein 7-X, Nature 596, 221 to 226, 2021, cited from memory. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Pearson, R.J., Antoniazzi, A.B. and Nuttall, W.J., Tritium supply and use: a key issue for the development of nuclear fusion energy, Fusion Engineering and Design 136, 1140 to 1148, 2018, cited from memory. Observation year 2018. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Cabinet Office of Japan (ed.), Fusion Energy Innovation Strategy (national strategy, April 2023), cited from memory. Cabinet Office, Tokyo. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (eds.), Bringing Fusion to the US Grid, consensus report, 2021, cited from memory. National Academies Press, Washington. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-ref-46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Maslov, M. et al., JET D-T scientific programme, Nuclear Fusion 63, 112002, 2023, cited from memory. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cc-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cc-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cc-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.2<\/span><span>Publication record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Title<\/dt><dd>Exponential Technology Report 2026: Fusion and Frontier Energy, Baseline Edition<\/dd><dt>Series<\/dt><dd>Reports \u00b7 Exponential Technology Series XT-14<\/dd><dt>Edition<\/dt><dd>Baseline Edition 2026 \u00b7 inaugural annual<\/dd><dt>Version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 \u00b7 draft for stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Publication date<\/dt><dd>October 2026<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>concept and version DOI at deposit<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publisher<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Place<\/dt><dd>Toronto<\/dd><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor<\/dd><dt>Stewards<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 technical truth \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 public meaning \u00b7 GRA \u00b7 capital meaning<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>text CC BY 4.0; data on the terms of each source<\/dd><dt>Copyright<\/dt><dd>\u00a9 2026 GCRI \u00b7 Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Language<\/dt><dd>English (en-GB) source edition<\/dd><dt>Correspondence<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway \u00b7 editorial office<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">DISCLAIMER<\/p><p>This edition is published for research, planning and public understanding. It is not a government assessment, an official warning, a rating, a certification, investment advice or an operational authorisation. Reasonable care has been taken with every source; consult the cited originals before relying on any value.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Colophon<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Format<\/dt><dd>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF<\/dd><dt>Typefaces<\/dt><dd>Space Grotesk (display) \u00b7 Geist (text) \u00b7 IBM Plex Sans Italic (standfirsts) \u00b7 IBM Plex Mono (data)<\/dd><dt>Design standard<\/dt><dd>Reports Foundational Edition, Volume I, Part VII<\/dd><dt>Accessibility<\/dt><dd>tagged PDF and HTML targets; text alternatives for every figure<\/dd><dt>Production<\/dt><dd>Reports editorial team, GCRI<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HOW TO CORRECT THIS EDITION<\/p><p>Report errors, omissions or objections through the Registry correction pathway. Each report is logged and answered; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version, and the original remains resolvable.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Release path for this version<\/h3><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cc-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table C.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Release path for this version<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">When<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Draft<\/td><td>editorial self-check complete at evidence close<\/td><td>October 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Steward review<\/td><td>five passes on the exact draft (keys T \u00b7 M \u00b7 F \u00b7 N)<\/td><td>Q4 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approval<\/td><td>publication authority approves the exact digest<\/td><td>before release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deposit<\/td><td>concept and version DOI minted; registry pointer set<\/td><td>at release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Succession<\/td><td>the 2027 fusion edition reports changes against this baseline<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Current version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 draft, stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Previous edition<\/dt><dd>none, first edition of the series<\/dd><dt>Next edition<\/dt><dd>NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2027-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Latest version<\/dt><dd>resolve the concept DOI or the registry record<\/dd><dt>Correction route<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway<\/dd><dt>Notice types<\/dt><dd>erratum \u00b7 addendum \u00b7 supersession \u00b7 withdrawal<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NO CORRECTIONS \u2260 NO LIMITS<\/p><p>The absence of corrections does not mean the absence of limitations. Limitations and uncertainty are stated where they arise in the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><div id=\"nx-nr-xt-14-corrections\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cc-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cc-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cc-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.3<\/span><span>Corrections log<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-corr\"><p class=\"nx-nr-corr-sum\"><span class=\"nx-nr-corr-n\">0<\/span><span>correction notices. No edition has been released yet, so none can be corrected; the log below lists each edition&#8217;s current version.<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Version<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Date<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Change<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Notice<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Edition\"><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">XT-14<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Version\" class=\"nx-rd-mono\">NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/td><td data-label=\"Date\">October 2026<\/td><td data-label=\"State\">Draft<\/td><td data-label=\"Change\">Baseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition,<\/td><td data-label=\"Notice\">None<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-rd-source\">Notice types: erratum, addendum, supersession, withdrawal. A correction is a new version with a published notice; the earlier version stays resolvable, and no edition is ever edited in silence.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-xt-14-outputs\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cc-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cc-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cc-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.4<\/span><span>Open record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-os\"><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>This edition&#8217;s open record<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Desk identifier and series alias<\/dt><dd>NR-XTC-XT-14-2026-BL<\/dd><dt>Collection<\/dt><dd>None<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>Concept and version DOI at deposit, on Zenodo with DataCite metadata<\/dd><dt>Versions<\/dt><dd>Each correction is a new version (isNewVersionOf); the concept DOI resolves to the latest<\/dd><dt>Bundle<\/dt><dd>RO-Crate 1.2 with CITATION.cff, CodeMeta and PROV-O provenance; a signed manifest<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Credit and identity<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>ORCID<\/dt><dd>Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record<\/dd><dt>ROR<\/dt><dd>Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone<\/dd><dt>CRediT<\/dt><dd>Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing<\/dd><dt>Account<\/dt><dd>None needed to contribute; never a password<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Find and follow<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">Search the open indexes for Fusion and Frontier Energy; software is cited by its SWHID from Software Heritage, and a quantified scenario run is preregistered on OSF before it is run. Annotation is your choice: Hypothesis opens this page in its own viewer.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-nr-os-links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/openalex.org\/works?search=Nexus%20Reports%20Fusion%20and%20Frontier%20Energy\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAlex<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.openaire.eu\/search\/find?fv0=Nexus%20Reports%20Fusion%20and%20Frontier%20Energy&amp;f0=q\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAIRE<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/search\/works?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Fusion%20and%20Frontier%20Energy\" rel=\"noopener\">Crossref<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.datacite.org\/?query=Nexus%20Reports%20Fusion%20and%20Frontier%20Energy\" rel=\"noopener\">DataCite Commons<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/search?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Fusion%20and%20Frontier%20Energy\" rel=\"noopener\">Zenodo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.softwareheritage.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Software Heritage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/prereg\/\" rel=\"noopener\">OSF preregistration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/via.hypothes.is\/https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Annotate with Hypothesis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Mirrors and harvest<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">The DOI is canonical. At release each signed bundle is also given an IPFS content identifier and a bloxberg anchor as mirrors; both are listed in the record once they exist. Zenodo exposes every record over OAI-PMH, and reviews and endorsements can arrive through COAR Notify where the repository supports it.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><figure class=\"nx-nr-code\"><figcaption class=\"nx-nr-code-cap\">InvenioRDM metadata for a contribution on Fusion and Frontier Energy, prefilled from this page<\/figcaption><pre class=\"nx-nr-pre\" tabindex=\"0\"><code>{&#10;  &quot;metadata&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;id&quot;: &quot;dataset&quot;&#10;    },&#10;    &quot;title&quot;: &quot;Evidence on Fusion and Frontier Energy for Nexus Reports&quot;,&#10;    &quot;publication_date&quot;: &quot;YYYY-MM-DD&quot;,&#10;    &quot;creators&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;person_or_org&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;type&quot;: &quot;personal&quot;,&#10;          &quot;family_name&quot;: &quot;Your family name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;given_name&quot;: &quot;Your given name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;identifiers&quot;: [&#10;            {&#10;              &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;orcid&quot;,&#10;              &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;0000-0000-0000-0000&quot;&#10;            }&#10;          ]&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;affiliations&quot;: [&#10;          {&#10;            &quot;id&quot;: &quot;ROR identifier of your organisation&quot;&#10;          }&#10;        ]&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;description&quot;: &quot;What it is, where its record is kept and how it bears on Exponential Technology Report 2026: Fusion and Frontier Energy.&quot;,&#10;    &quot;rights&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;id&quot;: &quot;cc-by-4.0&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;subjects&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Nexus Reports&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Fusion and Frontier Energy&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Exponential Technology Report \u00b7 XT-14&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;related_identifiers&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/&quot;,&#10;        &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;url&quot;,&#10;        &quot;relation_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;issupplementto&quot;&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;publication-report&quot;&#10;        }&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;version&quot;: &quot;1.0.0&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;custom_fields&quot;: {},&#10;  &quot;access&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;record&quot;: &quot;public&quot;,&#10;    &quot;files&quot;: &quot;public&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;files&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;enabled&quot;: true&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;parent&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;communities&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;default&quot;: &quot;nexusreports&quot;&#10;    }&#10;  }&#10;}<\/code><\/pre><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-hook\" data-nx-research-hub=\"slot\" data-nx-research-context=\"{&quot;org&quot;:&quot;GCRI&quot;,&quot;site&quot;:&quot;gcri&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;edition&quot;,&quot;subject&quot;:&quot;Fusion and Frontier Energy&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;Exponential Technology Report \u00b7 XT-14&quot;]}\" hidden><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-xt-14-pillars\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cc-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cc-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-14-cc-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.5<\/span><span>Where this edition sits among the six pillars<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Foundry seals the evidence and Universe tests it; Reports publishes it; Standards takes its corrections and Academy teaches from it.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F03 Sealed observations and indicator series<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F04 After-action and scenario findings for<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F05 National Portfolio movement for chapter<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Applied in editions<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>: applied in editions.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>XT-14 edition<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Reports<\/span> Fusion and Frontier Energy 2026, published in every format with its sources, citation and corrections.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F06 Method and correction findings as change<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F12 Q4 synthesis informs the next-year<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Taught in the open<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Academy<\/span> Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>What Foundry and Universe hand to this edition, and what it hands to Standards, Universe and Academy. From the programme spine; XT-14 is a drafted Baseline Edition, so these handoffs run from its first operational quarter.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Handoff<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Between<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What crosses, and when<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F03<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F04<\/span><\/td><td>Universe to Reports<\/td><td>After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F05<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus Standards to Reports<\/td><td>Nexus Standards: applied in editions.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F06<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Nexus Standards<\/td><td>Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F12<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Universe<\/td><td>Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"academy\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Risk Academy<\/td><td>Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-noprint\"><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Send evidence or a correction on Fusion and Frontier Energy.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the GCRI <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Evidence desk. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work. Sent to the wrong desk, it is forwarded, not refused.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI Systems Evidence desk<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Exponential Technology<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/#nx-sec-routing\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See which desk takes what you have<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The routing table opens the contribution page: what you have, the desk that takes it, how each contribution is reviewed and credited, and the licence.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-14\/full#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><p class=\"nx-note\" data-nr-rights=\"true\"><a class=\"nx-link\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> Free to read. Text and figures: CC BY 4.0. Data: CC0 1.0. Authors keep copyright. Published by GCRI Canada.<\/p><section id=\"nx-sec-signature\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-sec-signature-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sector signature<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-sec-signature-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The sectors behind Fusion and Frontier Energy.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">A reading aid: the sectors the findings run through and how strongly they depend on each other.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig\" data-nx-sig=\"WEIF\" data-sig-name=\"Energy and its partners\" data-sig-line=\"Energy gives power for transport and telecoms to infrastructure (0.8), pumping and treatment to water (0.5) and fertiliser, machinery and cold chains to food (0.5).\" data-sig-inst=\"Reports\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-plate\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Signatures in context\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span>Select corners \u00b7 hover lines<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">6 \/ 15 relations<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sector signature hexagon: Water, Energy, Infrastructure and Food selected, 6 of 15 relations in play, coupling 0.46. Teaching values.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Signature<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Energy and its partners<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Energy gives power for transport and telecoms to infrastructure (0.8), pumping and treatment to water (0.5) and fertiliser, machinery and cold chains to food (0.5).<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>W<\/span> \u00b7 <span>E<\/span> \u00b7 <span>I<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">H<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">B<\/span><\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Sectors<\/dt><dd><strong>4<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Relations<\/dt><dd><strong>6<\/strong> <small>of 15<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coupling<\/dt><dd><strong>0.46<\/strong> <small>share of total<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><h3 class=\"nx-nsig-dh\">Strongest relations in play<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-nsig-rel\"><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Energy \u2192 Infrastructure<\/b> \u00b7 power for transport and telecoms<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.8<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Energy<\/b> \u00b7 cooling water and hydropower<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"6\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.6<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Water \u2192 Food<\/b> \u00b7 irrigation<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.8<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Infrastructure \u2192 Water<\/b> \u00b7 pipes, dams and treatment works<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"6\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-v\">0.6<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"all\">Select all<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-sig-act=\"copy\">Copy signature<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements for any place. Coupling is the summed strength of the relations in play, as a share of all fifteen.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-xt-14-full-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-xt-14-full-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-xt-14-full-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/urban-flood\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Urban flood<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/risk-science\/risk-information-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Risk information standards and interoperability<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/data\/identification-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Identification (the UNI)<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script><style>@media print { @page { margin: 20mm 17mm 20mm 17mm; @top-left { content: \"Nexus Reports\"; font: 500 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @top-right { content: \"Exponential Technology Report 2026: Fusion and Frontier Energy \\0000b7  Baseline Edition 2026\"; font: 400 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Sans\", sans-serif; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-left { content: \"NR-XTECH-FUSION-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE \\0000b7  Draft, not released\"; font: 400 7pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-center { content: \"CC BY 4.0. 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