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\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\"><style>#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-xt-19-full.nxe{display:block;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:1180px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 16px;font-family:ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,\"Segoe UI\",sans-serif;line-height:1.55;overflow-wrap:break-word}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-xt-19-full.nxe :where(*,*::before,*::after){box-sizing:inherit}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-xt-19-full.nxe :where(section,header,footer,nav,aside){display:block;margin:0 0 32px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-xt-19-full.nxe :where(h1,h2,h3,h4){line-height:1.2;margin:24px 0 12px;font-weight:600}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-xt-19-full.nxe :where(p,ul,ol,dl,table,figure,details){margin:0 0 16px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-xt-19-full.nxe :where(ul,ol){padding-left:20px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-xt-19-full.nxe a{color:inherit;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:2px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-xt-19-full.nxe table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;display:block;overflow-x:auto}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-xt-19-full.nxe :where(th,td){padding:6px 8px;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid;border-color:inherit}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-xt-19-full.nxe svg{display:none}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-xt-19-full.nxe svg.nx-i{display:inline-block;width:18px;height:18px;vertical-align:-3px}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-xt-19-full.nxe :where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-nr-gcri-editions-xt-19-full.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><div class=\"nrp\"><div class=\"nrp-wrap\"><p class=\"nrj-draft\" data-nrj-shared=\"draft\" role=\"note\"><strong>Draft, not yet released.<\/strong> In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.<\/p><article class=\"nrp-flow\"><header class=\"nrp-hero\"><div class=\"nrp-hero-grid\"><div><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Baseline Edition 2026<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Complete edition<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 class=\"pp-hero-title nrp-hero-title-l\">Exponential Technology Report 2026: Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence<\/h1><p class=\"nrp-lede\"><\/p><div class=\"nrp-actions\"><button class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" type=\"button\" data-nrp-act=\"print\" hidden><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 18H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><path d=\"M6 9V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6\"\/><rect x=\"6\" y=\"14\" width=\"12\" height=\"8\" rx=\"1\"\/><\/svg>Print or save as PDF<\/button><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19 12H5\"\/><path d=\"m12 19-7-7 7-7\"\/><\/svg>Edition home<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nrp-note nrp-noprint\">Choose A4 or Letter in the print dialog; running heads and page numbers are added in print. This is a review copy: the signed PDF with its DOI is issued at release.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nrp-cover\"><div class=\"nrp-cover-top\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">XT-19<\/span><\/div><span class=\"nrp-cover-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"nrp-cover-k\">Exponential Technology<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-t\">Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence 2026<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-s\"><\/p><div class=\"nrp-cover-foot\"><span>Baseline Edition 2026<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><span><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> for the Nexus Consortium<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block nrp-imprint\" aria-label=\"Imprint\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Imprint<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor, the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto<\/dd><dt>Report number<\/dt><dd class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026, cut DC-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-B0<\/dd><dt>Status<\/dt><dd>Draft under stewardship review; not yet released<\/dd><dt>DOI and UNI<\/dt><dd>Issued at deposit<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>CC BY 4.0 for Nexus-authored text, tables and figures; third-party material keeps its own licence<\/dd><dt>Cite as<\/dt><dd>Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). Exponential Technology Report 2026: Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" aria-label=\"Contents\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Contents<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">\u00b7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-part-summary\">Executive summary<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-part-coupled-system\">Chapter 1. Earth observation is infrastructure and evidence<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-part-findings\">Chapter 2. Key findings<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-part-systems-and-sectors\">Chapter 3. Systems and sectors at baseline<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-part-risk-and-capability\">Chapter 4. Risks and capability<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-part-scenario\">Chapter 5. Continuity gap in public Earth observation data<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-part-lenses-and-readings\">Chapter 6. Readings from the other desks<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-part-agenda\">Chapter 7. The 2027 agenda<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">8<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-part-systems-in-depth\">Chapter 8. Systems in depth<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-part-methodology\">Annex A. Methodology<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-part-data\">Annex B. Data appendix<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-part-references\">Annex C. References and record<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-part-summary\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/\">Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Executive summary<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Executive summary<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The edition on a few pages: the abstract, the key messages, the headline finding and what each steward reads in it.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>20 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.1<\/span><span>Abstract<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>Earth observation matters to the Nexus programme as infrastructure and as evidence. It is infrastructure because satellites, ground stations, archives and navigation signals must keep working for others to use the data. It is evidence because forests, water, crops, cities and the climate record are read from it. The public base is strong and mostly free. Landsat 8 and 9 together cover the land every 8 days, and Landsat data have been free since 2008<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>. Sentinel-2 states a 5-day revisit at 10 m with 13 bands<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. NASA launched the NISAR radar mission on 30 July 2025, with a 12-day coverage cycle and free and open data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. Copernicus services are free and openly accessible<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>. The record that results is used: a University of Maryland team reported 6.7 million hectares of tropical primary forest lost in 2024, nearly half from fire<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>. The base is also exposed. Landsat 10 is a pre-launch mission with a 2031 target<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>. Congress passed NASA Earth Science funding of USD 2,153.0 million for fiscal year 2026 against a request of USD 1,033.2 million<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>. IATA reports a 220% rise in GPS signal loss events from 2021 to 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup>. ESA counts about 40,000 tracked objects in orbit<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>. Commercial radar and optical fleets are growing, but their figures come from vendors and are weak evidence. This baseline sets out what the evidence supports and where it is thin. It forecasts no mission date and ranks no country or vendor.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.2<\/span><span>Key messages<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Six readings that frame the Earth observation baseline, and the eight questions this edition answers, each with its status and source.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-km\"><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Landsat 9, Sentinel-2 and NISAR are flying; Landsat 10 is a 2031 target.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Is public land imaging secure?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Landsat, Copernicus and NISAR data are free and open on stated terms.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Is the data free?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Tropical primary forest loss of 6.7 million hectares in 2024.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What does the record show?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">GCOS lists 55 variables; coverage by current <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> is not bound here.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How much of the climate record is covered?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Counts differ across vendor and agency pages.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Are commercial fleets counted?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Funding stress, navigation interference and crowded orbits.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What threatens use of the data?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">National licensing, the EU programme and UN frameworks.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Who sets the rules?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Whether free public data stay continuous while funding and navigation signals are stressed. SCN-XT19-CON-01<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What will 2027 test first?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.3<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-009<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">A University of Maryland team reported 6.7 million hectares of tropical primary forest lost in 2024, nearly half caused by fire, with Brazil accounting for 42% of the loss.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure S.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-fig1-t\">Tropical primary forest loss in 2024<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Loss (million hectares)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"13.4\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">6.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Share caused by fire (%, nearly)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">\u224850<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Share in Brazil (%)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"84.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">42<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: WRI release of May 2025 on data produced by the University of Maryland GLAD Lab<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>. Units differ; shown for scale only.<\/p><\/figure><p class=\"nrp-p\">Observation turns a diffuse loss into a countable one. The data are described as capturing changes at about 30 m resolution, and the release does not name the satellites used. A continuous public record of this kind needs the free land-imaging streams to continue<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>. Method papers that set the approach are cited as context<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.4<\/span><span>At a glance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">days<\/span><p>Landsat 8 and 9 land coverage<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">days<\/span><p>NISAR average revisit<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">55<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">variables<\/span><p>GCOS essential climate variables<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">6.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million ha<\/span><p>tropical primary forest lost, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">220<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>rise in GPS signal loss events, 2021 to 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2031<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">target<\/span><p>Landsat 10 launch<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.5<\/span><span>What each steward reads in it<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports reading Earth observation as physical infrastructure and as the evidence base for other systems.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people Earth observation arrives as a map, a forest loss figure or a weather image.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Public funding passed by Congress was above the request, and commercial revenue is growing.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>Earth observation is well described by single missions and thinly measured as a system.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.6<\/span><span>What this edition is, and is not<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What this edition is<\/h3><p>A baseline: the 2026 state of Earth observation and geospatial intelligence as infrastructure and the couplings through which it carries risk into other <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. It synthesises published evidence and ranks no country, company or asset.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What it is not<\/h3><p>Not a forecast of any mission date, a technology ranking, an endorsement of any vendor or an assessment of any programme. Data policy, licensing and funding are decisions of competent authorities.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What comes next<\/h3><p>National, regional and sector evidence feeds the 2027 Earth observation edition through the federation. Each edition reports what changed against this baseline: observations, source revisions, method changes, scenario updates and corrections.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat 9 (mission page; launched 27 September 2021; 705 km sun-synchronous orbit; 16-day repeat cycle with an 8-day offset from Landsat 8; data at no charge). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat Data Access (products free to download since 2008; Collection 2 available from commercial cloud with catalogue metadata). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Sentinel-2 (mission page; 2A 23 June 2015, 2B 7 March 2017, 2C 5 September 2024; 13 bands; 10 m; 290 km swath; 5-day revisit). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), NISAR mission overview (launched 30 July 2025 from India; 12-day coverage; average revisit about 6 days; 3 to 10 m; free and open data). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>European Commission (ed.), About Copernicus (Earth observation component of the EU space programme; six services; free and openly accessible; archived site). European Commission, Brussels. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>WRI (ed.), Global Forest Loss Shatters Records in 2024, Fueled by Massive Fires (release of 21 May 2025; 6.7 million hectares of tropical primary forest lost; nearly 50% from fire; Brazil 42%; data from the University of Maryland GLAD Lab at about 30 m). World Resources Institute, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat 10 (mission page; 26 spectral bands; 18-day revisit; 10 to 20 m and 60 m resolution; launch target 2031; draft request for proposal for the spacecraft on 18 May 2026). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Planetary Society (ed.), You just saved NASA budget (analysis of H.R. 6938; Earth Science USD 2,153.0 million against USD 1,033.2 million requested; NASA Science USD 7.25 billion; House 8 January 2026, Senate 15 January 2026; signature awaited on the page). The Planetary Society, Pasadena. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>EASA (ed.), EASA and IATA publish comprehensive plan to mitigate GNSS interference (release of 18 June 2025; four workstreams; workshop of over 120 experts in May 2025; IATA reports 220% rise in GPS signal loss events from 2021 to 2024). European Union Aviation Safety Agency, Cologne. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), ESA Space Environment Report 2025 (web page of 1 April 2025; about 40,000 tracked objects; about 11,000 active payloads; estimated 1.2 million debris objects larger than 1 cm; data to end 2024). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, about page (free access through quotas for individual use; larger use on commercial terms). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>GCOS (ed.), Essential Climate Variables (list of 55 variables: 16 atmosphere, 20 land, 19 ocean; last updated 20 December 2024). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>GCOS (ed.), GCOS publications index (latest status report listed is GCOS-240, 2021; earlier report 2015; report text not opened). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), ICEYE, Earth Online third party mission page (82 X-band SAR satellites launched for the ICEYE constellation as of 2026; constellation mean revisit at the equator 20 hours; access by accepted project proposal). European Space Agency, Frascati. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>ICEYE (ed.), ICEYE launches four new satellites aboard Transporter-17 (release; launch 7 July 2026; 76 satellites launched in total; up to 16 cm resolution claimed; vendor announcement, weak evidence). ICEYE, Espoo. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>US Department of Commerce (ed.), Commercial Remote Sensing Regulatory Affairs (licensing of private remote sensing space <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> under 15 CFR Part 960 and 51 U.S.C. 60101 et seq.; tiers not described on the page). Office of Space Commerce, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: UN-GGIM (ed.), Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management (sixteenth session 5 to 7 August 2026; 282 delegates from 80 Member States; Integrated Geospatial Information Framework; World Geospatial Information Congress planned 16 to 19 November 2026). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: European Parliament and Council, Regulation (EU) 2021\/696 establishing the Union Space Programme, 2021, cited from memory; the legal text page returned no content. European Union, Brussels. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Hansen, M.C. et al., High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change, Science 342, 850 to 853, 2013; the journal page returned an access error. Observation year 2013. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Wulder, M.A. et al., Opening the archive: how free data has enabled the science and monitoring promise of Landsat, Remote Sensing of Environment 122, 2 to 10, 2012, cited from memory. Observation year 2012. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cs-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-part-coupled-system\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/\">Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 1<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Earth observation is infrastructure and evidence<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Part I describes systems and their couplings. It ranks no country or operator and assesses no authority.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>2 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>15 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.1<\/span><span>The questions this part answers<\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Key questions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Where is Earth observation risk concentrated?<\/li><li>Which couplings carry Earth observation shocks into other <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>?<\/li><li>Which Earth observation capabilities hold under compound stress?<\/li><li>What must 2027 evidence measure first?<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">In this part<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Narrative<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Headline finding<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Lead figure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Five footprint and governance chapters<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Twelve-domain reading<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Sector screens<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Dependency matrix<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Risk objects<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Capability ladder<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Scenario<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Three lenses<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Portfolio<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.2<\/span><span>The argument<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>Earth observation is usually discussed as imagery. The 2026 evidence reads it as two things at once: a physical infrastructure of satellites, ground stations, archives and navigation signals, and the evidence base for forests, water, crops, cities and climate<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The public base is strong. Landsat 9 and Landsat 8 give 8-day coverage of the land, and Landsat data have been free since 2008<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>. Sentinel-2 states a 5-day revisit<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. NISAR launched in July 2025 under free and open terms<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>. Copernicus services are free and openly accessible<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The evidence base is used. A University of Maryland team reported 6.7 million hectares of tropical primary forest lost in 2024, with fire the leading cause<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>. GCOS lists 55 essential climate variables, and several depend on observation from space<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The infrastructure is the least measured part. Landsat 10 is a 2031 target<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>. Funding passed by Congress was above the request<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>. Navigation signal loss rose sharply<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup>. Orbits hold about 40,000 tracked objects<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>. Commercial fleet counts differ by source<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-fig1-t\">How many spectral bands do the main land-imaging missions carry? Bands<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">The planned Landsat 10 carries more than twice the bands of Landsat 8 and 9, with some aligned to Sentinel-2. Band count is one design feature, not a measure of value, and the mission is pre-launch<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Landsat 8 and 9<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"42.3\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">11<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Sentinel-2<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"50.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">13<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Landsat 10, planned for 2031<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">26<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: as cited in the note to this figure. Year 2026.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Figure ID FIG-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-01-003<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">bands<\/span><p>Landsat 8 and 9<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">13<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">bands<\/span><p>Sentinel-2<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">26<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">bands<\/span><p>Landsat 10, planned<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">times<\/span><p>Landsat 10 against Landsat 8 and 9, method (2)<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.3<\/span><span>Twenty couplings between five systems<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The Earth observation-centred matrix types the twenty couplings between the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, read for their Earth observation content. Strengths are Nexus estimates (ESTIMATED) from the cited evidence and analogue events; they set the graph that 2027 evidence will test.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-fig2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-fig2-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-fig2-t\">Couplings between the five systems<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Each line is one coupling from one system to another, drawn by the strength the edition assigns. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events.<\/p><\/figcaption><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-ring\" viewBox=\"0 0 340 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Coupling ring: 20 typed couplings between water, energy, food, health and biodiversity. The matrix in the next table carries every value.\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><ul class=\"nrp-legend\"><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"STRONG\"><\/span>Strong<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"MODERATE\"><\/span>Moderate<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"WEAK\"><\/span>Weak<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: this edition&#8217;s coupling matrix (Table 1.1); status Estimated.<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling matrix: from the row system to the column system<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">From, to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">WAT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">ENE<\/th><th scope=\"col\">FOO<\/th><th scope=\"col\">HLT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">BIO<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><b>WAT<\/b> Water<\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">crop water monitoring, not bound<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">surface water mapping, not bound<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>ENE<\/b> Energy<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">ground-segment cooling, not bound<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>FOO<\/b> Food<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">land use mapping, not bound<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>HLT<\/b> Health<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>BIO<\/b> Biodiversity<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">no documented link<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"6\">Strength: strong, moderate or weak; a Nexus estimate (status Estimated) from cited evidence and analogue events. The scale is defined in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Transmission paths<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">GOV \u2192 INF \u2192 DAT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Funding and policy decisions set which public missions fly and which data stay free.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> NASA appropriations and Landsat 10 plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">INF \u2192 CLI<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">A lapse in a land or sea-level record would leave a gap in climate series.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> GCOS variables and Sentinel-6<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">TRD \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Navigation signal loss disrupts timing and location for users of observation data.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> IATA signal loss events<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">INF \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Crowded orbits raise collision and debris risk for satellites.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> ESA object counts<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">FIN \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Commercial revenue and public spend fund new satellites.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> vendor results and appropriations<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat 9 (mission page; launched 27 September 2021; 705 km sun-synchronous orbit; 16-day repeat cycle with an 8-day offset from Landsat 8; data at no charge). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), NISAR mission overview (launched 30 July 2025 from India; 12-day coverage; average revisit about 6 days; 3 to 10 m; free and open data). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), ESA Space Environment Report 2025 (web page of 1 April 2025; about 40,000 tracked objects; about 11,000 active payloads; estimated 1.2 million debris objects larger than 1 cm; data to end 2024). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat Data Access (products free to download since 2008; Collection 2 available from commercial cloud with catalogue metadata). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Sentinel-2 (mission page; 2A 23 June 2015, 2B 7 March 2017, 2C 5 September 2024; 13 bands; 10 m; 290 km swath; 5-day revisit). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>European Commission (ed.), About Copernicus (Earth observation component of the EU space programme; six services; free and openly accessible; archived site). European Commission, Brussels. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>WRI (ed.), Global Forest Loss Shatters Records in 2024, Fueled by Massive Fires (release of 21 May 2025; 6.7 million hectares of tropical primary forest lost; nearly 50% from fire; Brazil 42%; data from the University of Maryland GLAD Lab at about 30 m). World Resources Institute, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>GCOS (ed.), Essential Climate Variables (list of 55 variables: 16 atmosphere, 20 land, 19 ocean; last updated 20 December 2024). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat 10 (mission page; 26 spectral bands; 18-day revisit; 10 to 20 m and 60 m resolution; launch target 2031; draft request for proposal for the spacecraft on 18 May 2026). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Planetary Society (ed.), You just saved NASA budget (analysis of H.R. 6938; Earth Science USD 2,153.0 million against USD 1,033.2 million requested; NASA Science USD 7.25 billion; House 8 January 2026, Senate 15 January 2026; signature awaited on the page). The Planetary Society, Pasadena. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>EASA (ed.), EASA and IATA publish comprehensive plan to mitigate GNSS interference (release of 18 June 2025; four workstreams; workshop of over 120 experts in May 2025; IATA reports 220% rise in GPS signal loss events from 2021 to 2024). European Union Aviation Safety Agency, Cologne. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), ICEYE, Earth Online third party mission page (82 X-band SAR satellites launched for the ICEYE constellation as of 2026; constellation mean revisit at the equator 20 hours; access by accepted project proposal). European Space Agency, Frascati. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>ICEYE (ed.), ICEYE launches four new satellites aboard Transporter-17 (release; launch 7 July 2026; 76 satellites launched in total; up to 16 cm resolution claimed; vendor announcement, weak evidence). ICEYE, Espoo. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Sentinel-6 (mission page; Sentinel-6B launched 17 November 2025; reference altimetry mission to 2030 at least; 95% of the ocean measured). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Planet <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/labs\" data-tc=\"Labs\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The research pillar of the programme, one of six (OR-11, OR-12)\">Labs<\/a> PBC (ed.), fourth quarter and fiscal year 2026 results (revenue USD 307.7 million, up 26%; 40 satellites launched in the fiscal year), taken from search-result summaries; the release page returned an access error. Planet Labs, San Francisco. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c1-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-part-findings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/\">Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 2<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Key findings<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Twelve findings carry the Earth observation baseline. They are grouped by coupling and never ranked. Each resolves to its source or, where Nexus analysis is involved, to its stated method.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>19 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.1<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-009\">NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-009<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">A University of Maryland team reported 6.7 million hectares of tropical primary forest lost in 2024, nearly half caused by fire, with Brazil accounting for 42% of the loss.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 2.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-fig1-t\">Tropical primary forest loss in 2024<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Loss (million hectares)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"13.4\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">6.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Share caused by fire (%, nearly)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">\u224850<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Share in Brazil (%)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"84.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">42<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: WRI release of May 2025 on data produced by the University of Maryland GLAD Lab<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>. Units differ; shown for scale only.<\/p><\/figure><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Implication<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">Observation turns a diffuse loss into a countable one. The data are described as capturing changes at about 30 m resolution, and the release does not name the satellites used. A continuous public record of this kind needs the free land-imaging streams to continue<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>. Method papers that set the approach are cited as context<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What would move it<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">The next annual release, any revision of the 2024 figure and the continuity of land-imaging missions would each move this finding.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.2<\/span><span>Infrastructure<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-001\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-001\">NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-001<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Landsat 9 launched on 27 September 2021 and, with Landsat 8, provides 8-day coverage of the land mass; Landsat products have been free to download since 2008.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-002\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-002\">NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-002<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">NASA launched the NISAR radar mission on 30 July 2025, with a 12-day coverage cycle, an average revisit of about 6 days, 3 to 10 m resolution and free and open data.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-003\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-003\">NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-003<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">ESA lists a 5-day revisit for Sentinel-2 at 10 m with 13 bands and a 290 km swath; Sentinel-2C launched on 5 September 2024.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-004\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-004\">NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">ESA counts about 40,000 tracked objects in orbit at the end of 2024, about 11,000 of them active payloads, and estimates 1.2 million debris objects larger than 1 cm.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-005\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-005\">NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-INF-005<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">A commercial radar operator reports 76 satellites launched by July 2026 in its own release, while ESA lists 82 as of 2026; the two counts differ. A later vendor count is post-close, context only, and is not bound here.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.3<\/span><span>Governance<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-GOV-006\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-GOV-006\">NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-GOV-006<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">USGS lists Landsat 10 with 26 spectral bands, an 18-day revisit and a 2031 launch target; a draft request for proposal for the spacecraft was released in May 2026.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-GOV-010\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-GOV-010\">NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-GOV-010<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">IATA reports a 220% increase in GPS signal loss events between 2021 and 2024, and EASA and IATA published a four-workstream mitigation plan on 18 June 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.4<\/span><span>Data and digital<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-DAT-007\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-DAT-007\">NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-DAT-007<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Copernicus information services are free and openly accessible, and the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem grants free access through quotas, with larger use on commercial terms.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-DAT-008\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-DAT-008\">NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-DAT-008<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">A vendor cloud platform lists an archive of over 80 petabytes, and the vendor reports that its embedding model has a 24% lower error rate than models it tested; both statements are self-reported.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.5<\/span><span>Climate forcing<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-009\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-009\">NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-CLI-009<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">A University of Maryland team reported 6.7 million hectares of tropical primary forest lost in 2024, nearly half caused by fire, and Brazil accounted for 42% of the loss.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.6<\/span><span>Finance<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-011\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-011\">NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-FIN-011<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The fiscal year 2026 appropriations bill passed in January 2026 provides USD 2,153.0 million for NASA Earth Science, against a request of USD 1,033.2 million.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.7<\/span><span>Systemic<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\">NRF-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The leading compound pathway for 2027 testing is a continuity gap: free public missions, their funding and navigation signals each face stress while users depend on all three. \u00a7 scenario<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>WRI (ed.), Global Forest Loss Shatters Records in 2024, Fueled by Massive Fires (release of 21 May 2025; 6.7 million hectares of tropical primary forest lost; nearly 50% from fire; Brazil 42%; data from the University of Maryland GLAD Lab at about 30 m). World Resources Institute, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat Data Access (products free to download since 2008; Collection 2 available from commercial cloud with catalogue metadata). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Hansen, M.C. et al., High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change, Science 342, 850 to 853, 2013; the journal page returned an access error. Observation year 2013. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Wulder, M.A. et al., Opening the archive: how free data has enabled the science and monitoring promise of Landsat, Remote Sensing of Environment 122, 2 to 10, 2012, cited from memory. Observation year 2012. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat 9 (mission page; launched 27 September 2021; 705 km sun-synchronous orbit; 16-day repeat cycle with an 8-day offset from Landsat 8; data at no charge). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), NISAR mission overview (launched 30 July 2025 from India; 12-day coverage; average revisit about 6 days; 3 to 10 m; free and open data). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Sentinel-2 (mission page; 2A 23 June 2015, 2B 7 March 2017, 2C 5 September 2024; 13 bands; 10 m; 290 km swath; 5-day revisit). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Drusch, M. et al., Sentinel-2: ESA optical high-resolution mission for GMES operational services, Remote Sensing of Environment 120, 25 to 36, 2012, cited from memory. Observation year 2012. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), ESA Space Environment Report 2025 (web page of 1 April 2025; about 40,000 tracked objects; about 11,000 active payloads; estimated 1.2 million debris objects larger than 1 cm; data to end 2024). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), ICEYE, Earth Online third party mission page (82 X-band SAR satellites launched for the ICEYE constellation as of 2026; constellation mean revisit at the equator 20 hours; access by accepted project proposal). European Space Agency, Frascati. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>ICEYE (ed.), ICEYE launches four new satellites aboard Transporter-17 (release; launch 7 July 2026; 76 satellites launched in total; up to 16 cm resolution claimed; vendor announcement, weak evidence). ICEYE, Espoo. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat 10 (mission page; 26 spectral bands; 18-day revisit; 10 to 20 m and 60 m resolution; launch target 2031; draft request for proposal for the spacecraft on 18 May 2026). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>EASA (ed.), EASA and IATA publish comprehensive plan to mitigate GNSS interference (release of 18 June 2025; four workstreams; workshop of over 120 experts in May 2025; IATA reports 220% rise in GPS signal loss events from 2021 to 2024). European Union Aviation Safety Agency, Cologne. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>European Commission (ed.), About Copernicus (Earth observation component of the EU space programme; six services; free and openly accessible; archived site). European Commission, Brussels. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, about page (free access through quotas for individual use; larger use on commercial terms). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Google DeepMind (ed.), AlphaEarth Foundations (blog post of 30 July 2025; 10 m embeddings; 24% lower error rate than models tested; over 1.4 trillion embedding footprints per year; vendor announcement, weak evidence, performance self-reported). Google DeepMind, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Google (ed.), Earth Engine (product page; multi-petabyte catalogue; over eighty petabytes stated; commercial use available and free for academic and research use; vendor statements, weak evidence). Google, Mountain View. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Planetary Society (ed.), You just saved NASA budget (analysis of H.R. 6938; Earth Science USD 2,153.0 million against USD 1,033.2 million requested; NASA Science USD 7.25 billion; House 8 January 2026, Senate 15 January 2026; signature awaited on the page). The Planetary Society, Pasadena. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: White House Office of Management and Budget (ed.), fiscal year 2026 budget request for NASA Earth science (cuts of more than 50%; more than 40 missions proposed for termination), taken from search-result summaries. Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c2-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-part-systems-and-sectors\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/\">Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 3<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems and sectors at baseline<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>23 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.1<\/span><span>Where each system stood at evidence close<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">INF \u00b7 Land imaging<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Landsat 8 and 9 combined land coverage<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">days<\/span><p>data free since 2008.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2021<\/span><span>USGS<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">INF \u00b7 Radar<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">NISAR average revisit<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">days<\/span><p>launched 30 July 2025; 3 to 10 m.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>NASA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">INF \u00b7 Copernicus<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Sentinel-2 stated revisit<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">days<\/span><p>13 bands, 10 m, 290 km swath.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>ESA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">INF \u00b7 Orbit<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Objects tracked in orbit<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224840,000<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">objects<\/span><p>about 11,000 are active payloads.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>ESA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">CLI \u00b7 Forests<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Tropical primary forest lost<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">6.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million hectares<\/span><p>fire caused nearly half.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>WRI<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FIN \u00b7 Funding<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">NASA Earth Science in the fiscal year 2026 bill<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">2.15<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">USD billion<\/span><p>USD 2,153.0 million against 1,033.2 requested.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2026<\/span><span>Planetary Society<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.2<\/span><span>Domain posture<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each of the twelve coupled domains is read through Earth observation, in words, not scored. The coupling column names the dependency that carries Earth observation risk into each domain.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Each domain read in words, not scored<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Domain<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Posture at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT<\/span><\/td><td>Water extent and surface water are mapped from archives; no footprint or coverage figure is bound here.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2192 WAT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE<\/span><\/td><td>Energy use of ground segments and archives is not published here; no figure bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE \u2194 INF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO<\/span><\/td><td>Crop and land monitoring depend on free land imaging; no figure bound here.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2192 FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT<\/span><\/td><td>No documented coupling at baseline in the evidence read.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">none documented<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Forest loss is mapped from satellite data at about 30 m<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2192 BIO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CLI<\/span><\/td><td>GCOS lists 55 essential climate variables; sea-level and forest records rely on satellites<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2192 CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF<\/span><\/td><td>The core system: public missions flying, Landsat 10 a 2031 target, orbits crowded.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">the core system<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN<\/span><\/td><td>NASA Earth Science funding in the fiscal year 2026 bill is above the request<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN \u2192 INF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT<\/span><\/td><td>Free and open data terms for Landsat, Copernicus and NISAR; vendor archives reported at over 80 petabytes<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2192 DAT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC<\/span><\/td><td>Vendor embedding models report lower error; claims are self-reported and not independently confirmed here<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT \u2192 AIC<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN<\/span><\/td><td>No documented coupling at baseline in the evidence read; materials for sensors not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">none documented<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD<\/span><\/td><td>Licensing and export rules shape commercial imagery; navigation signal loss affects flights<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup>.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2194 TRD<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.3<\/span><span>Sector screens<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">All sixteen sectors are screened for their dependence on Earth observation, on the same grammar as every national edition. The evidence column describes coverage of the baseline evidence, not the performance of the sector.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Sectors: baseline evidence and the exposure to watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Code<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Sector<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Exposure to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-00<\/span><\/td><td>Cross-system<\/td><td>observation couples to climate, disaster and navigation<\/td><td>continuity gap<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-01<\/span><\/td><td>Water<\/td><td>surface water mapping from archives<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>coverage not bound<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-02<\/span><\/td><td>Energy<\/td><td>ground-segment footprint unpublished<\/td><td>none documented<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-03<\/span><\/td><td>Food<\/td><td>crop monitoring relies on free imaging<\/td><td>coverage not bound<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-04<\/span><\/td><td>Health<\/td><td>no documented coupling<\/td><td>none documented<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-05<\/span><\/td><td>Finance<\/td><td>public funding stress and commercial revenue<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>funding continuity<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-06<\/span><\/td><td>Development<\/td><td>free data widen access<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>skills and computing gaps<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-07<\/span><\/td><td>Climate<\/td><td>essential climate variables and sea level<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>continuity of records<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-08<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster<\/td><td>radar and optical tasking for events<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>navigation interference<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-09<\/span><\/td><td>Infrastructure<\/td><td>satellites, ground stations and orbits<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>crowded orbits<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-10<\/span><\/td><td>Cities<\/td><td>no documented coupling in evidence read<\/td><td>none documented<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-11<\/span><\/td><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>forest loss mapped at about 30 m<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>attribution limits<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-12<\/span><\/td><td>Earth observation<\/td><td>public missions, open data and commercial fleets<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>continuity and common basis<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-13<\/span><\/td><td>Cyber and digital<\/td><td>navigation interference and ground-segment security<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>reporting gaps<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-14<\/span><\/td><td>Policy<\/td><td>national licensing, EU programme and UN frameworks<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>rules differ by state<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-15<\/span><\/td><td>Science<\/td><td>peer-reviewed base for sensors and products<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>validation of new models<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat 9 (mission page; launched 27 September 2021; 705 km sun-synchronous orbit; 16-day repeat cycle with an 8-day offset from Landsat 8; data at no charge). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), NISAR mission overview (launched 30 July 2025 from India; 12-day coverage; average revisit about 6 days; 3 to 10 m; free and open data). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Sentinel-2 (mission page; 2A 23 June 2015, 2B 7 March 2017, 2C 5 September 2024; 13 bands; 10 m; 290 km swath; 5-day revisit). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), ESA Space Environment Report 2025 (web page of 1 April 2025; about 40,000 tracked objects; about 11,000 active payloads; estimated 1.2 million debris objects larger than 1 cm; data to end 2024). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>WRI (ed.), Global Forest Loss Shatters Records in 2024, Fueled by Massive Fires (release of 21 May 2025; 6.7 million hectares of tropical primary forest lost; nearly 50% from fire; Brazil 42%; data from the University of Maryland GLAD Lab at about 30 m). World Resources Institute, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Planetary Society (ed.), You just saved NASA budget (analysis of H.R. 6938; Earth Science USD 2,153.0 million against USD 1,033.2 million requested; NASA Science USD 7.25 billion; House 8 January 2026, Senate 15 January 2026; signature awaited on the page). The Planetary Society, Pasadena. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Sentinel-6 (mission page; Sentinel-6B launched 17 November 2025; reference altimetry mission to 2030 at least; 95% of the ocean measured). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>GCOS (ed.), Essential Climate Variables (list of 55 variables: 16 atmosphere, 20 land, 19 ocean; last updated 20 December 2024). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat Data Access (products free to download since 2008; Collection 2 available from commercial cloud with catalogue metadata). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>European Commission (ed.), About Copernicus (Earth observation component of the EU space programme; six services; free and openly accessible; archived site). European Commission, Brussels. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Google (ed.), Earth Engine (product page; multi-petabyte catalogue; over eighty petabytes stated; commercial use available and free for academic and research use; vendor statements, weak evidence). Google, Mountain View. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Google DeepMind (ed.), AlphaEarth Foundations (blog post of 30 July 2025; 10 m embeddings; 24% lower error rate than models tested; over 1.4 trillion embedding footprints per year; vendor announcement, weak evidence, performance self-reported). Google DeepMind, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>US Department of Commerce (ed.), Commercial Remote Sensing Regulatory Affairs (licensing of private remote sensing space <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> under 15 CFR Part 960 and 51 U.S.C. 60101 et seq.; tiers not described on the page). Office of Space Commerce, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>EASA (ed.), EASA and IATA publish comprehensive plan to mitigate GNSS interference (release of 18 June 2025; four workstreams; workshop of over 120 experts in May 2025; IATA reports 220% rise in GPS signal loss events from 2021 to 2024). European Union Aviation Safety Agency, Cologne. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Pekel, J.-F. et al., High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes, Nature 540, 418 to 422, 2016, cited from memory. Observation year 2016. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Planet <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/labs\" data-tc=\"Labs\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The research pillar of the programme, one of six (OR-11, OR-12)\">Labs<\/a> PBC (ed.), fourth quarter and fiscal year 2026 results (revenue USD 307.7 million, up 26%; 40 satellites launched in the fiscal year), taken from search-result summaries; the release page returned an access error. Planet Labs, San Francisco. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), ICEYE, Earth Online third party mission page (82 X-band SAR satellites launched for the ICEYE constellation as of 2026; constellation mean revisit at the equator 20 hours; access by accepted project proposal). European Space Agency, Frascati. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: UN-GGIM (ed.), Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management (sixteenth session 5 to 7 August 2026; 282 delegates from 80 Member States; Integrated Geospatial Information Framework; World Geospatial Information Congress planned 16 to 19 November 2026). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: European Parliament and Council, Regulation (EU) 2021\/696 establishing the Union Space Programme, 2021, cited from memory; the legal text page returned no content. European Union, Brussels. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Wulder, M.A. et al., Opening the archive: how free data has enabled the science and monitoring promise of Landsat, Remote Sensing of Environment 122, 2 to 10, 2012, cited from memory. Observation year 2012. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Drusch, M. et al., Sentinel-2: ESA optical high-resolution mission for GMES operational services, Remote Sensing of Environment 120, 25 to 36, 2012, cited from memory. Observation year 2012. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Torres, R. et al., GMES Sentinel-1 mission, Remote Sensing of Environment 120, 9 to 24, 2012, cited from memory. Observation year 2012. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Gorelick, N. et al., Google Earth Engine: planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone, Remote Sensing of Environment 202, 18 to 27, 2017, cited from memory. Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c3-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-part-risk-and-capability\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/\">Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 4<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Risks and capability<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Four Earth observation risk objects open the portfolio. Order carries no rank. Each is read across driver, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, cascade and consequence.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>25 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.1<\/span><span>Risk objects<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each risk is read across the chain from hazard to consequence, with its status and evidence-quality level.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-XT19-INF-001<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Continuity gap in public data streams<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>pre-launch successor and funding stress<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>users of free land and radar data<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>single missions for some records<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>overlapping missions and open terms<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>INF \u2192 DAT \u2192 CLI<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1 to 10 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-XT19-GOV-002<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Navigation signal interference<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>rising GPS signal loss events<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>aviation and services that depend on timing and location<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>dependence on a single signal type<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>reporting standards and backup navigation aids<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>TRD \u2192 INF \u2192 DAT<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1 to 5 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-XT19-INF-003<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Crowded orbits and debris<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>growth in active payloads and fragmentation events<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>satellites in low orbits<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>collision risk and loss of service<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>tracking networks and re-entry practice<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>INF \u2192 DAT<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1 to 10 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-XT19-DAT-004<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Unverified vendor claims in decisions<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>self-reported fleet counts and model performance<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>planners comparing sources<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>no common basis for counts or accuracy<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>peer review and open benchmarks<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>DAT \u2192 FIN<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1 to 5 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.2<\/span><span>Capability ladder<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Existence is not readiness. Each of the fifteen capability functions is placed on the ladder by the strongest public evidence for Earth observation at the global level.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 4.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Capabilities on the ladder of evidence: listed, exists, demonstrated, tested<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Function<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rung<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Level<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Strongest public evidence at baseline<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Prevention and mitigation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>EASA and IATA mitigation plan and debris practices published<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoring and observation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>public missions and open archives in operation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>no consolidated early warning of mission loss or interference<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preparedness and planning<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>Landsat 10 planning and the EU programme<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Redundancy and reserves<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>ADEQUATE<\/td><td>overlapping land-imaging missions flying<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Response<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>no tested response to the loss of a mission<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Continuity of critical services<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>continuity of data streams not documented in one place<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recovery<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>not applicable at baseline; no event to recover from<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adaptation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>cloud-native catalogues and open formats<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Social protection<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>not applicable at baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance and insurance<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>public appropriations and commercial revenue<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Institutional coordination<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>UN-GGIM, GCOS and standards bodies<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Technical infrastructure<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>satellites, archives and cloud access<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Workforce<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>skills gaps reported; no figure bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Research capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>ADEQUATE<\/td><td>strong peer-reviewed base<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"4\">A capability listed in policy is not a tested one; each rung is the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat 10 (mission page; 26 spectral bands; 18-day revisit; 10 to 20 m and 60 m resolution; launch target 2031; draft request for proposal for the spacecraft on 18 May 2026). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Planetary Society (ed.), You just saved NASA budget (analysis of H.R. 6938; Earth Science USD 2,153.0 million against USD 1,033.2 million requested; NASA Science USD 7.25 billion; House 8 January 2026, Senate 15 January 2026; signature awaited on the page). The Planetary Society, Pasadena. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: White House Office of Management and Budget (ed.), fiscal year 2026 budget request for NASA Earth science (cuts of more than 50%; more than 40 missions proposed for termination), taken from search-result summaries. Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat 9 (mission page; launched 27 September 2021; 705 km sun-synchronous orbit; 16-day repeat cycle with an 8-day offset from Landsat 8; data at no charge). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Sentinel-2 (mission page; 2A 23 June 2015, 2B 7 March 2017, 2C 5 September 2024; 13 bands; 10 m; 290 km swath; 5-day revisit). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>European Commission (ed.), About Copernicus (Earth observation component of the EU space programme; six services; free and openly accessible; archived site). European Commission, Brussels. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>EASA (ed.), EASA and IATA publish comprehensive plan to mitigate GNSS interference (release of 18 June 2025; four workstreams; workshop of over 120 experts in May 2025; IATA reports 220% rise in GPS signal loss events from 2021 to 2024). European Union Aviation Safety Agency, Cologne. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Baltic and Nordic States submission to ICAO on GNSS interference (about 123,000 flights affected from January to April 2025; April figures differ across outlets), taken from trade-press summaries. International Civil Aviation Organization, Montreal. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), ESA Space Environment Report 2025 (web page of 1 April 2025; about 40,000 tracked objects; about 11,000 active payloads; estimated 1.2 million debris objects larger than 1 cm; data to end 2024). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Google DeepMind (ed.), AlphaEarth Foundations (blog post of 30 July 2025; 10 m embeddings; 24% lower error rate than models tested; over 1.4 trillion embedding footprints per year; vendor announcement, weak evidence, performance self-reported). Google DeepMind, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), ICEYE, Earth Online third party mission page (82 X-band SAR satellites launched for the ICEYE constellation as of 2026; constellation mean revisit at the equator 20 hours; access by accepted project proposal). European Space Agency, Frascati. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>ICEYE (ed.), ICEYE launches four new satellites aboard Transporter-17 (release; launch 7 July 2026; 76 satellites launched in total; up to 16 cm resolution claimed; vendor announcement, weak evidence). ICEYE, Espoo. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Gorelick, N. et al., Google Earth Engine: planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone, Remote Sensing of Environment 202, 18 to 27, 2017, cited from memory. Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), NISAR mission overview (launched 30 July 2025 from India; 12-day coverage; average revisit about 6 days; 3 to 10 m; free and open data). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: European Parliament and Council, Regulation (EU) 2021\/696 establishing the Union Space Programme, 2021, cited from memory; the legal text page returned no content. European Union, Brussels. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>STAC community (ed.), About STAC (SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog; open source community; Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence; no adoption figures on the page). Radiant Earth and contributors. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>OGC (ed.), About OGC (founded 1994; non-profit; more than 150 open geospatial standards stated; offices in Belgium and the United Kingdom). Open Geospatial Consortium, Wakefield. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Planet <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/labs\" data-tc=\"Labs\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The research pillar of the programme, one of six (OR-11, OR-12)\">Labs<\/a> PBC (ed.), fourth quarter and fiscal year 2026 results (revenue USD 307.7 million, up 26%; 40 satellites launched in the fiscal year), taken from search-result summaries; the release page returned an access error. Planet Labs, San Francisco. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>GCOS (ed.), Essential Climate Variables (list of 55 variables: 16 atmosphere, 20 land, 19 ocean; last updated 20 December 2024). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: UN-GGIM (ed.), Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management (sixteenth session 5 to 7 August 2026; 282 delegates from 80 Member States; Integrated Geospatial Information Framework; World Geospatial Information Congress planned 16 to 19 November 2026). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat Data Access (products free to download since 2008; Collection 2 available from commercial cloud with catalogue metadata). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, about page (free access through quotas for individual use; larger use on commercial terms). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Wulder, M.A. et al., Opening the archive: how free data has enabled the science and monitoring promise of Landsat, Remote Sensing of Environment 122, 2 to 10, 2012, cited from memory. Observation year 2012. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Drusch, M. et al., Sentinel-2: ESA optical high-resolution mission for GMES operational services, Remote Sensing of Environment 120, 25 to 36, 2012, cited from memory. Observation year 2012. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Torres, R. et al., GMES Sentinel-1 mission, Remote Sensing of Environment 120, 9 to 24, 2012, cited from memory. Observation year 2012. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c4-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-part-scenario\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/\">Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 5<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Continuity gap in public Earth observation data<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">A conditional statement under stated assumptions, never a prediction.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>2 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>3 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.1<\/span><span>Assumptions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Scenario SCN-XT19-CON-01: what is assumed, and what is held constant.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Baseline<\/dt><dd>the 2026 reference state in this edition<\/dd><dt>Drivers<\/dt><dd>a mission fault or funding change arrives while navigation signal loss and crowded orbits persist<\/dd><dt>Analogues<\/dt><dd>the 2024 to 2025 launches of Sentinel-2C and NISAR, and the 2031 target for Landsat 10<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Interventions<\/dt><dd>none modelled: the specification describes the unmitigated case<\/dd><dt>Run state<\/dt><dd>narrative specification; quantified run scheduled for 2027<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.2<\/span><span>The cascade, step by step<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">GOV \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">a funding or mission decision delays a successor<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2026<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">INF \u2192 DAT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">a free data stream thins or ends for some regions<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2025<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">DAT \u2192 CLI<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">a climate or forest record loses continuity<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2024<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">TRD \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">navigation interference degrades timing for users<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2025<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">FIN \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">commercial supply fills gaps on vendor terms<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2026<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">GOV \u2192 DAT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">access rules diverge between states<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2025<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.3<\/span><span>The scenario as a table of steps<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">How the shock in scenario SCN-XT19-CON-01 would travel through Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence&#8217;s coupled <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, step by step, under the assumptions the edition states.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Governance to infrastructure<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A funding or mission decision delays a successor. Analogue or source: 2026.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition XT-19, scenario SCN-XT19-CON-01, step 1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 Infrastructure to dat<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A free data stream thins or ends for some regions. Analogue or source: 2025.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition XT-19, scenario SCN-XT19-CON-01, step 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 DAT to climate<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A climate or forest record loses continuity. Analogue or source: 2024.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition XT-19, scenario SCN-XT19-CON-01, step 3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 Trade to infrastructure<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Navigation interference degrades timing for users. Analogue or source: 2025.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition XT-19, scenario SCN-XT19-CON-01, step 4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 Finance to infrastructure<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Commercial supply fills gaps on vendor terms. Analogue or source: 2026.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition XT-19, scenario SCN-XT19-CON-01, step 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Governance to dat<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Access rules diverge between states. Analogue or source: 2025.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition XT-19, scenario SCN-XT19-CON-01, step 6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of a conditional scenario under the edition&#8217;s stated assumptions: not a forecast, not a prediction and not a warning. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/scenario\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence 2026, scenario SCN-XT19-CON-01<\/a> (2026); Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence 2026, references (NR-CIT-1) (2026).<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat 10 (mission page; 26 spectral bands; 18-day revisit; 10 to 20 m and 60 m resolution; launch target 2031; draft request for proposal for the spacecraft on 18 May 2026). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), NISAR mission overview (launched 30 July 2025 from India; 12-day coverage; average revisit about 6 days; 3 to 10 m; free and open data). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Sentinel-2 (mission page; 2A 23 June 2015, 2B 7 March 2017, 2C 5 September 2024; 13 bands; 10 m; 290 km swath; 5-day revisit). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c5-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-part-lenses-and-readings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/\">Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 6<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Readings from the other desks<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The Earth observation baseline is read through each steward\u2019s lens, then once as a whole. Each lens is a projection of reviewed findings, not a separate argument. The other desks&#8217; own editions of this subject are listed first, as cross-references, not copies.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>15 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>8 tables<\/span><span>37 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.1<\/span><span>The other desks&#8217; editions of this subject<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Federation: each desk writes its own edition for the subjects in its remit. Until a desk releases, its edition shows its frame and the reading this edition printed for it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Desk<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-host=\"true\"><th scope=\"row\">GCRI Systems Evidence<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRF Public Deliberation<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRA Capital Readiness<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Standards Progress<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Academy Capability<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Index Measurement<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.2<\/span><span>Three lenses<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">One edition, read by each steward. The lens of this site comes first.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\" data-host=\"true\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports reading Earth observation as physical infrastructure and as the evidence base for other systems. The public base is strong and free; the successor to the land record is a 2031 target; the footprint of the ground segment is unpublished. Evidence is strongest for mission facts and weakest for energy, workforce and commercial counts.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">INF-001 \u00b7 INF-002 \u00b7 GOV-006 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRF \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people Earth observation arrives as a map, a forest loss figure or a weather image. The baseline asks that public debate separate agency data, vendor claims and model outputs, and keep free access to public data in view.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">DAT-007 \u00b7 CLI-009 \u00b7 DAT-008<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRA \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Public funding passed by Congress was above the request, and commercial revenue is growing<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup>. These show where finance-readiness evidence will matter. Nothing here is advice, a rating or an approval.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">FIN-011 \u00b7 GOV-006<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>Earth observation is well described by single missions and thinly measured as a system. The 2027 programme should bind continuity of data streams, publish a comparable commercial count and test the continuity pathway.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">SYS-012 \u00b7 O-01 \u00b7 O-03<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.3<\/span><span>Standards, Academy and steward contributions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">How the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> drafts, the Risk Academy and the three stewards feed each quarterly edition for Earth observation. The standards are a preparatory working draft (2026) and are cited as drafts, never as adopted standards.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The quarterly rhythm every edition follows<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Quarter<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Boundary<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Q1<\/td><td>State and Agenda<\/td><td>What matters this year, and what is the starting position?<\/td><td>observed baseline stays distinct from planned work<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q2<\/td><td>Evidence and Build<\/td><td>What new evidence and capability exist?<\/td><td>a configured capability is not a validated result<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q3<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stress Test<\/a> and Readiness<\/td><td>What do scenarios and tests show?<\/td><td>simulated loss or performance is not observed impact<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q4<\/td><td>Annual Synthesis and Renewal<\/td><td>What changed in the year, and what renews?<\/td><td>release follows review, not event publicity deadlines<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Who contributes what each quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Steward or body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contribution route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GCRI Canada<\/td><td>Lead Institution and Consortium Secretariat; publisher of record; technical truth (key T)<\/td><td>science and practice communities \u00b7 GCRI gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Forum (GRF)<\/td><td>leadership, dialogue and the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> programme; public meaning (key M)<\/td><td>policy, Universe and national adoption \u00b7 GRF gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)<\/td><td>finance, insurance and development readiness; capital meaning (key F)<\/td><td>finance and insurance \u00b7 GRA gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nexus Standards<\/td><td>preparatory drafts on vocabulary, hazards, indicators and methods<\/td><td>Standards site \u00b7 working groups HAZ, IND, MTH, FIN, AI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk Academy<\/td><td>learning pathways tied to the agenda questions<\/td><td>Academy gateway \u00b7 learning by review<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nexus Standards and Academy<\/td><td>technology chapter inputs: GCRI evidence, NXS standards, RA capability<\/td><td>technology editorial board<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards drafts used in this edition<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Risk vocabulary NRS-C1 (424 terms) for terms in the glossary<\/li><li>Hazard atlas NHS-1 1.1.0 (905 hazards in 120 families) for risk objects<\/li><li>Seven risk classes: global, catastrophic, existential, emerging, planetary, exponential, frontier-tech<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards calendar to watch<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Founding calls from 20 October 2026; working groups meet from 5 November 2026<\/li><li>Inaugural Global Standards Council session, 12 January 2027<\/li><li>Quarterly reviews in March, June, September and December, aligned with each edition<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Nothing here certifies. A Nexus attestation records an evaluation under a mandate; it confers no certification, endorsement or approval. Adoption of any standard is a decision of the competent standards body.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.4<\/span><span>GCRI reading: the model card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-p\">GCRI&#8217;s reading of this edition is its model card: what the national model is, what it computes and where it stops. It is printed in full in Annex A, with the methods it belongs to. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/methodology\/\">Annex A, methodology<\/a><\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.5<\/span><span>Global Risks Forum reading: editorial essays<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Four signed essays by the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> editorial team set out the positions this edition takes. They are interpretation, labelled as such; the evidence they draw on is in the findings register.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Earth observation is a physical build-out of satellites, ground stations and archives, and the evidence base for climate, forests and disasters. Keeping the two readings together shows what must keep running.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 01<\/h3><p>Infrastructure and evidence<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Landsat has been free since 2008, and Copernicus and NISAR data are free and open on stated terms. These are decisions of authorities and can change.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 02<\/h3><p>Free data are a policy choice<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">An agency mission page, a vendor release and an embedding model carry different weight. This edition labels each and asks for a common basis before counts are compared.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 03<\/h3><p>Separate agency data, vendor claims and model outputs<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Observation data are placed in space and time by navigation signals. Rising signal loss is therefore an observation risk as well as an aviation risk.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 04<\/h3><p>Navigation is part of the system<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Essays are signed views of the editorial team. Contributed articles from regional consortia, national pathways and invited experts begin with the 2027 global edition, each with its own review route and disclosures.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.6<\/span><span>Global Risks Alliance reading: 2027 Earth observation readiness pack<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The registers that open the 2027 global cycle. At baseline each is initialised from this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">2027 Earth observation readiness pack<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Register<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First 2027 entry<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>E1<\/td><td>Earth observation risk state delta<\/td><td>baseline set by this edition<\/td><td>changes against the baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E2<\/td><td>WEFH+B state delta<\/td><td>five global system readings set<\/td><td>indicator updates and freshness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E3<\/td><td>Agenda and Portfolio movement<\/td><td>eight agenda items \u00b7 6 proposed objects<\/td><td>admission decisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E4<\/td><td>Federation delivery register<\/td><td>national chapters in preparation<\/td><td>national chapters<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E5<\/td><td>Consortium capability register<\/td><td>national consortia forming<\/td><td>first contributions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E6<\/td><td>Leadership questions and challenges<\/td><td>none yet<\/td><td>first challenge log<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E7<\/td><td>Foundry technical state<\/td><td>national environments prepared<\/td><td>first federation cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E8<\/td><td>Publication candidates<\/td><td>twelve findings carried forward<\/td><td>PUBLISH \u00b7 HOLD dispositions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E9<\/td><td>Universe readiness<\/td><td>one candidate mission<\/td><td>admission and role spine<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E10<\/td><td>Correction register<\/td><td>none<\/td><td>first federation-wide cycle<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication dispositions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Publish<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hold<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Needs evidence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Restricted<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Superseded<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Programme progress is not real-world risk improvement. These registers record the work of the Nexus programme; they report on no state or organisation.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.7<\/span><span>Nexus Standards reading: standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Instruments and published guidance that shape the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in this edition, by status on the retrieval date. The edition assesses no one\u2019s compliance.<\/p><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">IN FORCE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">PUBLISHED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">DRAFT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instrument<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Scope<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Relevance<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>OGC standards suite<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>OGC<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/td><td>interoperability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>STAC specification<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>STAC community<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/td><td>catalogue metadata<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Landsat free and open data policy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>USGS<\/td><td>US<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>data access<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Remote sensing principles<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UN General Assembly<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>PUBLISHED 1986<\/td><td>principles<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Outer Space Treaty<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>United Nations<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>space activities<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>15 CFR Part 960<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>US Department of Commerce<\/td><td>US<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>private remote sensing licensing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Regulation (EU) 2021\/696<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>European Union<\/td><td>EU<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>Union Space Programme<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EU Space Act proposal<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>European Commission<\/td><td>EU<\/td><td>PUBLISHED 2025<\/td><td>safety and sustainability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EASA and IATA mitigation plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>EASA and IATA<\/td><td>global aviation<\/td><td>PUBLISHED 2025<\/td><td>navigation interference<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UN-IGIF<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UN-GGIM<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/td><td>national geospatial frameworks<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Changed since 2024<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>EASA and IATA published a four-workstream plan on navigation interference on 18 June 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The European Commission proposed the EU Space Act in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>USGS released a draft request for proposal for Landsat 10 in May 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">To watch in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Progress of the EU Space Act proposal<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Third United Nations World Geospatial Information Congress, November 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Work of GCOS on the next status report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Status is read from the issuing body on the retrieval date. Instruments open for signature or awaiting ratification are labelled as such; a change in status opens a review task for every finding that relies on the instrument.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.8<\/span><span>Risk Academy reading: literature and evidence review, science and assessments<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The review behind this edition covers Earth observation assessments, peer-reviewed science and the institutional reports that bind its findings. Systematic reviews for each agenda item begin in 2027.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Review protocol<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Question<\/dt><dd>What does the published evidence establish about Earth observation and geospatial intelligence as infrastructure and its couplings?<\/dd><dt>Sources searched<\/dt><dd>peer-reviewed journals; agency mission pages; standards bodies and frameworks; vendor and market announcements<\/dd><dt>Window<\/dt><dd>releases available at evidence close, 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Selection<\/dt><dd>sources that bind or contextualise a finding in this edition<\/dd><dt>Next step<\/dt><dd>systematic reviews for agenda items 01 to 05 in 2027<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Peer-reviewed science and methods<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Hansen et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2013<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>global forest change maps<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wulder et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2012<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>free data and Landsat<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Drusch et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2012<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>Sentinel-2 design<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Torres et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2012<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>Sentinel-1 design<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gorelick et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2017<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>cloud analysis platform<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pekel et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2016<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>surface water mapping<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global Forest Watch release<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>WRI<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>forest loss 2024<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Institutional missions and programmes<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Landsat 9<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>USGS<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>land imaging<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Landsat data access<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>USGS<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>data policy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Landsat 10<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>USGS<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>successor plan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NISAR<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NASA<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>radar mission<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sentinel-2<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ESA<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>optical mission<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sentinel-6<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ESA<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>sea level<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Copernicus pages<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>European Commission and ESA<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>programme and access<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Standards, policy and frameworks<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GCOS variables and status report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>WMO<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>climate variables<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>OGC<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>OGC<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>standards<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>STAC<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>STAC community<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>catalogues<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UN-GGIM<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>United Nations<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>framework<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Remote sensing principles<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>United Nations<\/td><td>1986<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>principles<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Outer Space Treaty<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>United Nations<\/td><td>1967<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>space activities<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Licensing page<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>US Department of Commerce<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>licensing<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Vendor, funding and field overviews<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>ICEYE pages<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>vendor and ESA<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>radar fleet<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vantor WorldView Legion<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>vendor<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>optical fleet<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Planet results<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>vendor<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>commercial revenue<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AlphaEarth and Earth Engine<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>vendor<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>embeddings and archive<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Space Environment Report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ESA<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>orbit<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EOSDIS volumes<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NASA<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>archive growth<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Handbook on the space economy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>OECD<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>measurement<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where the evidence agrees<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Public land imaging is flying and its data are free on stated terms<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Orbits are crowded and tracked<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Navigation signal loss is rising<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where it is unsettled<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>How many commercial satellites are in service and on what basis<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How well vendor embedding models perform outside their tests<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How large the footprint of ground segments and archives is<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">PREPRINTS<\/p><p>Three sources<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup> are preprints and are labelled as not peer-reviewed. They contextualise findings; none binds a finding on its own.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Planetary Society (ed.), You just saved NASA budget (analysis of H.R. 6938; Earth Science USD 2,153.0 million against USD 1,033.2 million requested; NASA Science USD 7.25 billion; House 8 January 2026, Senate 15 January 2026; signature awaited on the page). The Planetary Society, Pasadena. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Planet <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/labs\" data-tc=\"Labs\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The research pillar of the programme, one of six (OR-11, OR-12)\">Labs<\/a> PBC (ed.), fourth quarter and fiscal year 2026 results (revenue USD 307.7 million, up 26%; 40 satellites launched in the fiscal year), taken from search-result summaries; the release page returned an access error. Planet Labs, San Francisco. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>OGC (ed.), About OGC (founded 1994; non-profit; more than 150 open geospatial standards stated; offices in Belgium and the United Kingdom). Open Geospatial Consortium, Wakefield. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>STAC community (ed.), About STAC (SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog; open source community; Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence; no adoption figures on the page). Radiant Earth and contributors. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat Data Access (products free to download since 2008; Collection 2 available from commercial cloud with catalogue metadata). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: United Nations General Assembly resolution 41\/65, Principles relating to remote sensing of the Earth from outer space, 1986, cited from memory. United Nations, New York. Observation year 1986. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, 1967, cited from memory. United Nations, New York. Observation year 1967. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>US Department of Commerce (ed.), Commercial Remote Sensing Regulatory Affairs (licensing of private remote sensing space <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> under 15 CFR Part 960 and 51 U.S.C. 60101 et seq.; tiers not described on the page). Office of Space Commerce, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: European Parliament and Council, Regulation (EU) 2021\/696 establishing the Union Space Programme, 2021, cited from memory; the legal text page returned no content. European Union, Brussels. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: European Commission (ed.), proposal for an EU Space Act (regulation on the safety, resilience and sustainability of space activities), June 2025, cited from memory; the proposal page returned not found. European Commission, Brussels. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>EASA (ed.), EASA and IATA publish comprehensive plan to mitigate GNSS interference (release of 18 June 2025; four workstreams; workshop of over 120 experts in May 2025; IATA reports 220% rise in GPS signal loss events from 2021 to 2024). European Union Aviation Safety Agency, Cologne. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: UN-GGIM (ed.), Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management (sixteenth session 5 to 7 August 2026; 282 delegates from 80 Member States; Integrated Geospatial Information Framework; World Geospatial Information Congress planned 16 to 19 November 2026). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat 10 (mission page; 26 spectral bands; 18-day revisit; 10 to 20 m and 60 m resolution; launch target 2031; draft request for proposal for the spacecraft on 18 May 2026). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>GCOS (ed.), GCOS publications index (latest status report listed is GCOS-240, 2021; earlier report 2015; report text not opened). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Hansen, M.C. et al., High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change, Science 342, 850 to 853, 2013; the journal page returned an access error. Observation year 2013. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Wulder, M.A. et al., Opening the archive: how free data has enabled the science and monitoring promise of Landsat, Remote Sensing of Environment 122, 2 to 10, 2012, cited from memory. Observation year 2012. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Drusch, M. et al., Sentinel-2: ESA optical high-resolution mission for GMES operational services, Remote Sensing of Environment 120, 25 to 36, 2012, cited from memory. Observation year 2012. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Torres, R. et al., GMES Sentinel-1 mission, Remote Sensing of Environment 120, 9 to 24, 2012, cited from memory. Observation year 2012. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Gorelick, N. et al., Google Earth Engine: planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone, Remote Sensing of Environment 202, 18 to 27, 2017, cited from memory. Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Pekel, J.-F. et al., High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes, Nature 540, 418 to 422, 2016, cited from memory. Observation year 2016. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>WRI (ed.), Global Forest Loss Shatters Records in 2024, Fueled by Massive Fires (release of 21 May 2025; 6.7 million hectares of tropical primary forest lost; nearly 50% from fire; Brazil 42%; data from the University of Maryland GLAD Lab at about 30 m). World Resources Institute, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat 9 (mission page; launched 27 September 2021; 705 km sun-synchronous orbit; 16-day repeat cycle with an 8-day offset from Landsat 8; data at no charge). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), NISAR mission overview (launched 30 July 2025 from India; 12-day coverage; average revisit about 6 days; 3 to 10 m; free and open data). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Sentinel-2 (mission page; 2A 23 June 2015, 2B 7 March 2017, 2C 5 September 2024; 13 bands; 10 m; 290 km swath; 5-day revisit). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Sentinel-6 (mission page; Sentinel-6B launched 17 November 2025; reference altimetry mission to 2030 at least; 95% of the ocean measured). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>European Commission (ed.), About Copernicus (Earth observation component of the EU space programme; six services; free and openly accessible; archived site). European Commission, Brussels. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>European Commission (ed.), Copernicus (policy page; nearly 800 European companies active in Earth observation with EUR 1.8 billion revenue; market projected near EUR 6 billion by 2033; 96% SMEs or startups; Commission statements). Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space, Brussels. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, about page (free access through quotas for individual use; larger use on commercial terms). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>GCOS (ed.), Essential Climate Variables (list of 55 variables: 16 atmosphere, 20 land, 19 ocean; last updated 20 December 2024). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), ICEYE, Earth Online third party mission page (82 X-band SAR satellites launched for the ICEYE constellation as of 2026; constellation mean revisit at the equator 20 hours; access by accepted project proposal). European Space Agency, Frascati. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>ICEYE (ed.), ICEYE launches four new satellites aboard Transporter-17 (release; launch 7 July 2026; 76 satellites launched in total; up to 16 cm resolution claimed; vendor announcement, weak evidence). ICEYE, Espoo. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Vantor (ed.), WorldView Legion constellation (six satellites launched 2 May 2024 to 4 February 2025; 30 cm class; capacity figures differ across summaries), taken from search-result summaries. Vantor, Westminster. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Google DeepMind (ed.), AlphaEarth Foundations (blog post of 30 July 2025; 10 m embeddings; 24% lower error rate than models tested; over 1.4 trillion embedding footprints per year; vendor announcement, weak evidence, performance self-reported). Google DeepMind, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Google (ed.), Earth Engine (product page; multi-petabyte catalogue; over eighty petabytes stated; commercial use available and free for academic and research use; vendor statements, weak evidence). Google, Mountain View. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), ESA Space Environment Report 2025 (web page of 1 April 2025; about 40,000 tracked objects; about 11,000 active payloads; estimated 1.2 million debris objects larger than 1 cm; data to end 2024). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: NASA (ed.), Earth Observing System Data and Information System archive statistics (59.24 petabytes on 30 September 2021; projections to 2030 differ by page), taken from search-result summaries; the statistics page returned an access error. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: OECD (ed.), OECD Handbook on Measuring the Space Economy, third edition, 2022, cited from memory; the page returned an access error. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-part-agenda\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/\">Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 7<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">The 2027 agenda<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Eight bounded questions open the 2027 Earth observation agenda. Each comes from a baseline finding, names the initiative that will carry it and the first output due in the 2027 Earth observation edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>6 tables<\/span><span>4 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.1<\/span><span>Questions for the operational series<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">O-01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How continuous are the free public data streams if a mission fails or funding changes, and which users depend on a single stream?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-XT19-CON-01 \u00b7 continuity of public data; first output: continuity register.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">O-02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How much do navigation interference and spoofing affect timing, location and tasking of observation services?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-XT19-NAV-02 \u00b7 navigation interference; first output: interference overlay.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">O-03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How can commercial fleet counts, revisit and resolution be compared on a common basis?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-XT19-COM-03 \u00b7 claims on a common basis; first output: comparison table.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">O-04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">What do ground segments, archives and processing need in power, cooling and water?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-XT19-FPR-04 \u00b7 footprint; first output: footprint estimates.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">O-05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How large are archives, and who can reach them at what cost?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-XT19-ARC-05 \u00b7 archives and access; first output: access map.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">O-06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which national policies set data terms, licensing and procurement for observation?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in 2027; first output: policy overlay.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">O-07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">What workforce exists for sensor engineering, analysis and geospatial services?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in 2027; first output: scoping note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">O-08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which readiness capabilities have been tested in real continuity events, and which are only planned?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">Readiness capability register; first output: rung evidence for 15 functions.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.2<\/span><span>Portfolio proposed for the Q1 2027 alignment<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Five initiatives and one Universe mission candidate are proposed for the 2027 Earth observation portfolio. They are programme objects: no partner, funder or member is attached to them in this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Objects proposed for the first operational quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Object<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-XT19-CON-01<\/span><\/td><td>Continuity of public data<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>O-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-XT19-NAV-02<\/span><\/td><td>Navigation interference<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>O-02<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-XT19-COM-03<\/span><\/td><td>Claims on a common basis<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>O-03<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-XT19-FPR-04<\/span><\/td><td>Ground-segment footprint<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>O-04<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-XT19-ARC-05<\/span><\/td><td>Archives and access<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>O-05<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MSN-XT19-2027-01<\/span><\/td><td>Continuity gap Universe mission<\/td><td>Mission<\/td><td>O-01<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.3<\/span><span>The pathway<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The Earth observation edition reads national readiness chapters, the coupled sector reports on climate, disaster and infrastructure, and the global edition through one governed evidence graph. At baseline the federation is designed; the global energy and lifeline editions are drafted. This page states what exists today and what comes next.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National readiness chapters<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">observation and geospatial readiness in each national edition<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">IN PREPARATION \u00b7 national baselines<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Sector couplings<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">GS-12 Earth observation \u00b7 GS-07 climate \u00b7 GS-08 disaster<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">GS-12 DRAFTED \u00b7 sector baselines<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Technology system model<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">satellites, data, navigation, funding, governance<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">v0 SPECIFIED \u00b7 v1 with federation evidence<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Strategic links<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">SR-02 lifeline <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> \u00b7 SR-13 strategic technology<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">PLANNED \u00b7 strategic baselines<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Universe<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">annual proving environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANDIDATE MISSION \u00b7 mandate in 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">XT-19 report<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">this series<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE DRAFT \u00b7 2027 annual edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Evidence and correction<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">one graph, many projections<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">OPEN \u00b7 first correction cycle in 2027<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.4<\/span><span>Universe 2027: evidence pack for the Earth observation candidate mission<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Mandate<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Core Build \u00b7 1 month<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Action \u00b7 1 week<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Evidence seal<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Portfolio correction<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Next mandate<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Universe 2027: evidence pack for the Earth observation candidate mission<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Record<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Timing<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>F1<\/td><td>Annual mandate record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>after the Q2 2027 alignment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F2<\/td><td>Core Build record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>one month before the exercise<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F3<\/td><td>Exercise evidence<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>during the Action week<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F4<\/td><td>Decision packets<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>exercise state only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F5<\/td><td>Proof receipts<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>scoped to each recorded check<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F6<\/td><td>After-action report<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>within one quarter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F7<\/td><td>Upgrade docket<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>routed to the Portfolio<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F8<\/td><td>Portfolio renewal<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>2027 global annual edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F9<\/td><td>Public synthesis<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>public-safe extracts only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Mission<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>ID<\/dt><dd>MSN-XT19-2027-01 \u00b7 Continuity gap Universe mission<\/dd><dt>Role spine<\/dt><dd>Leadership sponsor \u00b7 Institutional anchor \u00b7 Mission lead: drawn from national pathways<\/dd><dt>Receiving actors<\/dt><dd>to be identified with the mandate<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Simulation success is not deployment approval; demonstration is not certification; finance readiness is not financing secured.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.5<\/span><span>Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Where the baseline\u2019s findings go next. A handoff routes a finding for awareness, review or work; it transfers no authority.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Finding<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Routed to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Purpose<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>INF-001 \u00b7 land imaging<\/td><td>INI-XT19-CON-01<\/td><td>continuity of public data<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>INF-002 \u00b7 radar<\/td><td>INI-XT19-CON-01<\/td><td>continuity of public data<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>INF-005 \u00b7 commercial counts<\/td><td>INI-XT19-COM-03<\/td><td>claims on a common basis<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GOV-010 \u00b7 navigation<\/td><td>INI-XT19-NAV-02<\/td><td>navigation interference<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DAT-007 \u00b7 open data<\/td><td>INI-XT19-ARC-05<\/td><td>archives and access<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>INF-004 \u00b7 orbits<\/td><td>INI-XT19-FPR-04 \u00b7 key F review<\/td><td>ground-segment footprint<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FIN-011 \u00b7 funding<\/td><td>regional consortia<\/td><td>funding overlay<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SYS-012 \u00b7 compound pathway<\/td><td>MSN-XT19-2027-01<\/td><td>Universe candidate<\/td><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Routing rules by publication class<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Where it goes<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Who can see it<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>PUBLIC<\/td><td>the published edition and its evidence bundle<\/td><td>anyone<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><td>governed rooms of the federation<\/td><td>consortium members under agreement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONTROLLED<\/td><td>need-to-know channels<\/td><td>named competent actors only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">CODES ARE NOT JOINS<\/p><p>Series codes in this edition (XT-19 and its relatives) are Reports codes. Codes in other indices can look alike. This edition makes no join on a code alone: a join needs a registry record that names both subjects.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Handoffs carry findings to Nexus programme objects and steward reviews. States and organisations receive public editions as published; nothing here instructs them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.6<\/span><span>Feeds and signal register<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Feeds watched from 2027<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Feed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Producer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Latency<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Feeds into<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>USGS and NASA mission pages<\/td><td>agencies<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>INF-001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ESA Sentinel pages<\/td><td>agency<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>INF-003<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Orbit tracking and ESA reports<\/td><td>agency<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>INF-004<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vendor announcements<\/td><td>companies<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>INF-005<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Annual tree cover loss release<\/td><td>WRI and university<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI-009<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Appropriations and budget requests<\/td><td>legislature and agencies<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FIN-011<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Aviation interference reporting<\/td><td>EASA and IATA<\/td><td>per release<\/td><td>GOV-010<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Escalation routes<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">none \u00b7 keep monitoring<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">research question<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">project<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">risk object<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">annual publication<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">signal report<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Signals at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Signal<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Corroboration<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>SIG-XT19-001<\/td><td>Tropical primary forest loss reached 6.7 million hectares in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 INF<\/td><td>research question O-01<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-XT19-002<\/td><td>Navigation signal loss events rose 220% from 2021 to 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>GOV \u00b7 INF<\/td><td>initiative O-02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-XT19-003<\/td><td>Vendor fleet counts differ across sources<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>INF<\/td><td>research question O-03<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A signal is not a warning. Signal records never substitute for official alerting or early-warning authorities, and they bypass no publication control.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>WRI (ed.), Global Forest Loss Shatters Records in 2024, Fueled by Massive Fires (release of 21 May 2025; 6.7 million hectares of tropical primary forest lost; nearly 50% from fire; Brazil 42%; data from the University of Maryland GLAD Lab at about 30 m). World Resources Institute, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>EASA (ed.), EASA and IATA publish comprehensive plan to mitigate GNSS interference (release of 18 June 2025; four workstreams; workshop of over 120 experts in May 2025; IATA reports 220% rise in GPS signal loss events from 2021 to 2024). European Union Aviation Safety Agency, Cologne. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), ICEYE, Earth Online third party mission page (82 X-band SAR satellites launched for the ICEYE constellation as of 2026; constellation mean revisit at the equator 20 hours; access by accepted project proposal). European Space Agency, Frascati. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>ICEYE (ed.), ICEYE launches four new satellites aboard Transporter-17 (release; launch 7 July 2026; 76 satellites launched in total; up to 16 cm resolution claimed; vendor announcement, weak evidence). ICEYE, Espoo. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c7-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-part-systems-in-depth\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/\">Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 8<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems in depth<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">One section per system: its state at evidence close, its exposures and what the operational series will watch.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>9 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>5 tables<\/span><span>25 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.1<\/span><span>Satellites, sensors and orbits<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Public and commercial satellites supply optical and radar data. Evidence is strongest where agency pages state launch dates and design, and weakest where counts come from vendors.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">days<\/span><p>Landsat 8 and 9 land coverage<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">days<\/span><p>NISAR average revisit<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">13<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">bands<\/span><p>Sentinel-2<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Landsat 8 and 9<\/td><td>launched 2021 for Landsat 9; 8-day land coverage together<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NISAR<\/td><td>launched 30 July 2025; 12-day coverage cycle<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1<\/td><td>Sentinel-2C launched 5 September 2024; Sentinel-1D reported in orbit 4 November 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Commercial fleets<\/td><td>radar and optical fleets grow; counts differ by source<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>INF \u2194 FIN missions and funding<\/li><li>INF \u2192 DAT data supply<\/li><li>INF \u2192 CLI climate records<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>commercial counts on a common basis<\/li><li>delivered milestones against plans<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Launch notices; first data releases of new missions; Landsat 10 contract; peer-reviewed confirmation of vendor performance.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-12 Earth Observation and Planetary Intelligence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-07 Climate and Earth Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-18 Space and Orbital Infrastructure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-08 Cloud, Edge and Distributed Computing<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-01 Artificial Intelligence and Agentic Systems<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes published missions and plans. It endorses no vendor or mission and forecasts no launch date.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.2<\/span><span>Data, archives and compute<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Observation data are large and mostly open. Archive access runs through agency portals and commercial cloud services, and the energy footprint of that processing is not published here.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">80<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">petabytes<\/span><p>archive listed by a vendor platform, self-reported<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">59.24<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">petabytes<\/span><p>NASA EOSDIS archive, 30 September 2021, UNVERIFIED<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">64<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">components<\/span><p>per embedding in a vendor dataset, self-reported<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Open archives<\/td><td>Landsat Collection 2 is available from commercial cloud with catalogue metadata<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Copernicus access<\/td><td>free quotas and commercial terms for larger use<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vendor platforms<\/td><td>archive of over 80 petabytes reported by the vendor<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Footprint<\/td><td>energy and cooling of processing not bound<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>DAT \u2192 CLI records<\/li><li>INF \u2192 DAT data supply<\/li><li>ENE \u2194 DAT processing power<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>ground-segment and archive footprint<\/li><li>current archive volumes<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Agency archive statistics; access terms; catalogue standards; independent validation of embedding models.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-12 Earth Observation and Planetary Intelligence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-07 Climate and Earth Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-18 Space and Orbital Infrastructure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-08 Cloud, Edge and Distributed Computing<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-01 Artificial Intelligence and Agentic Systems<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes data access and volumes as reported. It assesses no company or agency.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.3<\/span><span>Orbit, launch and ground segment<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Observation depends on launch, ground stations and a safe orbit. Orbits are crowded, and materials and ground-segment evidence is thin.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224840,000<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">objects<\/span><p>tracked in orbit, end of 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224811,000<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">payloads<\/span><p>active among tracked objects<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>estimated debris objects larger than 1 cm<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Tracked objects<\/td><td>about 40,000 tracked; about 11,000 active payloads<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Debris<\/td><td>estimated 1.2 million objects larger than 1 cm<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Re-entries<\/td><td>intact objects re-enter on average more than three times a day<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ground segment and materials<\/td><td>not bound in the evidence read<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>INF \u2192 INF collision risk<\/li><li>TRD \u2192 INF launch access<\/li><li>MIN \u2192 INF materials<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>ground-station capacity<\/li><li>materials dependence for sensors<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>The next space environment report; fragmentation events; launch and licensing changes.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-12 Earth Observation and Planetary Intelligence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-07 Climate and Earth Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-18 Space and Orbital Infrastructure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-08 Cloud, Edge and Distributed Computing<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-01 Artificial Intelligence and Agentic Systems<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes orbital conditions in public sources. It assesses no operator, state or launch decision.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.4<\/span><span>Funding, economy and workforce<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Public funding and commercial revenue both support observation. Congress passed funding well above the request, and workforce numbers are not bound.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2,153.0<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">USD million<\/span><p>NASA Earth Science, fiscal year 2026 bill<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,033.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">USD million<\/span><p>requested<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">307.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">USD million<\/span><p>revenue of one commercial operator, fiscal year 2026, UNVERIFIED<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>NASA Earth Science<\/td><td>bill above the request by USD 1,119.8 million, method (3)<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EU industry<\/td><td>nearly 800 companies and EUR 1.8 billion revenue stated by the Commission<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Commercial results<\/td><td>one operator reports revenue of USD 307.7 million<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Workforce<\/td><td>skills gaps reported; no figure bound<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>FIN \u2192 INF scale-up<\/li><li>GOV \u2192 FIN appropriations<\/li><li>HLT \u2192 INF workforce<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>public funding totals outside the US<\/li><li>workforce size and skills gaps<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Enacted appropriations; the next budget request; the next EU budget cycle; commercial results.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-12 Earth Observation and Planetary Intelligence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-07 Climate and Earth Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-18 Space and Orbital Infrastructure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-08 Cloud, Edge and Distributed Computing<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-01 Artificial Intelligence and Agentic Systems<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes funding as reported. It gives no investment advice and endorses no company.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.5<\/span><span>Navigation, security and governance watch<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Observation data rely on navigation signals and on rules for licensing and access. Signal loss is rising, and frameworks differ by state.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">220<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>rise in GPS signal loss events, 2021 to 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workstreams<\/span><p>EASA and IATA plan, June 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">55<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">variables<\/span><p>GCOS essential climate variables<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Navigation interference<\/td><td>IATA reports a 220% rise in signal loss events<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Licensing<\/td><td>private remote sensing <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> licensed under 15 CFR Part 960<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Frameworks<\/td><td>UN-GGIM and the integrated geospatial framework<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EU rules<\/td><td>Union Space Programme regulation and the Space Act proposal<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>TRD \u2192 INF navigation<\/li><li>GOV \u2192 DAT access rules<\/li><li>GOV \u2192 TRD licensing<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>text of the EU proposals<\/li><li>interference effects on observation services<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>The Space Act proposal; EASA and IATA reporting; the UN geospatial congress in November 2026; licensing changes.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-12 Earth Observation and Planetary Intelligence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-07 Climate and Earth Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-18 Space and Orbital Infrastructure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-08 Cloud, Edge and Distributed Computing<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">XT-01 Artificial Intelligence and Agentic Systems<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes rules and signals in public sources. It confers no certification on any product and assesses no government or company.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat 9 (mission page; launched 27 September 2021; 705 km sun-synchronous orbit; 16-day repeat cycle with an 8-day offset from Landsat 8; data at no charge). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), NISAR mission overview (launched 30 July 2025 from India; 12-day coverage; average revisit about 6 days; 3 to 10 m; free and open data). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Sentinel-2 (mission page; 2A 23 June 2015, 2B 7 March 2017, 2C 5 September 2024; 13 bands; 10 m; 290 km swath; 5-day revisit). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ESA (ed.), Sentinel-1D reaches orbit on Ariane 6 (launch 4 November 2025; fourth satellite of the first Sentinel-1 series), taken from search-result summaries; the ESA page returned an access error. European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), ICEYE, Earth Online third party mission page (82 X-band SAR satellites launched for the ICEYE constellation as of 2026; constellation mean revisit at the equator 20 hours; access by accepted project proposal). European Space Agency, Frascati. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>ICEYE (ed.), ICEYE launches four new satellites aboard Transporter-17 (release; launch 7 July 2026; 76 satellites launched in total; up to 16 cm resolution claimed; vendor announcement, weak evidence). ICEYE, Espoo. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Vantor (ed.), WorldView Legion constellation (six satellites launched 2 May 2024 to 4 February 2025; 30 cm class; capacity figures differ across summaries), taken from search-result summaries. Vantor, Westminster. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Google (ed.), Earth Engine (product page; multi-petabyte catalogue; over eighty petabytes stated; commercial use available and free for academic and research use; vendor statements, weak evidence). Google, Mountain View. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: NASA (ed.), Earth Observing System Data and Information System archive statistics (59.24 petabytes on 30 September 2021; projections to 2030 differ by page), taken from search-result summaries; the statistics page returned an access error. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Google DeepMind (ed.), AlphaEarth Foundations (blog post of 30 July 2025; 10 m embeddings; 24% lower error rate than models tested; over 1.4 trillion embedding footprints per year; vendor announcement, weak evidence, performance self-reported). Google DeepMind, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat Data Access (products free to download since 2008; Collection 2 available from commercial cloud with catalogue metadata). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, about page (free access through quotas for individual use; larger use on commercial terms). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), ESA Space Environment Report 2025 (web page of 1 April 2025; about 40,000 tracked objects; about 11,000 active payloads; estimated 1.2 million debris objects larger than 1 cm; data to end 2024). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Planetary Society (ed.), You just saved NASA budget (analysis of H.R. 6938; Earth Science USD 2,153.0 million against USD 1,033.2 million requested; NASA Science USD 7.25 billion; House 8 January 2026, Senate 15 January 2026; signature awaited on the page). The Planetary Society, Pasadena. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Planet <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/labs\" data-tc=\"Labs\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The research pillar of the programme, one of six (OR-11, OR-12)\">Labs<\/a> PBC (ed.), fourth quarter and fiscal year 2026 results (revenue USD 307.7 million, up 26%; 40 satellites launched in the fiscal year), taken from search-result summaries; the release page returned an access error. Planet Labs, San Francisco. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: White House Office of Management and Budget (ed.), fiscal year 2026 budget request for NASA Earth science (cuts of more than 50%; more than 40 missions proposed for termination), taken from search-result summaries. Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>European Commission (ed.), Copernicus (policy page; nearly 800 European companies active in Earth observation with EUR 1.8 billion revenue; market projected near EUR 6 billion by 2033; 96% SMEs or startups; Commission statements). Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space, Brussels. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: OECD (ed.), OECD Handbook on Measuring the Space Economy, third edition, 2022, cited from memory; the page returned an access error. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>EASA (ed.), EASA and IATA publish comprehensive plan to mitigate GNSS interference (release of 18 June 2025; four workstreams; workshop of over 120 experts in May 2025; IATA reports 220% rise in GPS signal loss events from 2021 to 2024). European Union Aviation Safety Agency, Cologne. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>GCOS (ed.), Essential Climate Variables (list of 55 variables: 16 atmosphere, 20 land, 19 ocean; last updated 20 December 2024). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>US Department of Commerce (ed.), Commercial Remote Sensing Regulatory Affairs (licensing of private remote sensing space <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> under 15 CFR Part 960 and 51 U.S.C. 60101 et seq.; tiers not described on the page). Office of Space Commerce, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: UN-GGIM (ed.), Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management (sixteenth session 5 to 7 August 2026; 282 delegates from 80 Member States; Integrated Geospatial Information Framework; World Geospatial Information Congress planned 16 to 19 November 2026). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: United Nations General Assembly resolution 41\/65, Principles relating to remote sensing of the Earth from outer space, 1986, cited from memory. United Nations, New York. Observation year 1986. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: European Commission (ed.), proposal for an EU Space Act (regulation on the safety, resilience and sustainability of space activities), June 2025, cited from memory; the proposal page returned not found. European Commission, Brussels. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: European Parliament and Council, Regulation (EU) 2021\/696 establishing the Union Space Programme, 2021, cited from memory; the legal text page returned no content. European Union, Brussels. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-c8-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-part-methodology\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/\">Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex A<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Methodology<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">How the edition was made: methods, the model card, the evidence cut and its age, the acceptance record and the glossary.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>14 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>13 tables<\/span><span>20 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.1<\/span><span>Methods<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The global baseline uses published values and four simple derivations. Each is shown in full so that any reader can reproduce it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Methods<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">No.<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Derivation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Calculation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Result<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>(1)<\/td><td>Ratio of appropriated to requested NASA Earth Science funding, fiscal year 2026<\/td><td>2,153.0 \u00f7 1,033.2<\/td><td>about 2.1 times<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(2)<\/td><td>Landsat 10 planned bands against Landsat 8 and 9<\/td><td>26 \u00f7 11<\/td><td>about 2.4 times<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(3)<\/td><td>Difference between appropriated and requested funding<\/td><td>2,153.0 \u2212 1,033.2<\/td><td>USD 1,119.8 million<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(4)<\/td><td>Share of tracked objects that are active payloads<\/td><td>11,000 \u00f7 40,000<\/td><td>about 28%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling strength scale (matrix and model card)<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Strength<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>STRONG<\/td><td>a disruption in the source system has historically changed the target system\u2019s service or output within one season, in more than one region<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MODERATE<\/td><td>an effect is documented but buffered or slower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEAK<\/td><td>an effect is plausible but not documented at global scale<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Status grammar<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rule<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>value as issued by its source, with year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>reasoned from cited evidence; never a measurement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus analytical value with stated method<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>conditional on stated assumptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>structured editorial judgement awaiting evidence<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.2<\/span><span>Model card, Earth observation System Model v0<\/span><\/h2><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model ID<\/dt><dd>MDL-XT19-EOGEO \u00b7 v0.1<\/dd><dt>Purpose<\/dt><dd>represent Earth observation as infrastructure coupled to launch and orbit, ground segment, data policy, navigation signals, funding and governance<\/dd><dt>Family<\/dt><dd>graph-based system of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/dd><dt>Inputs<\/dt><dd>the cited sources of this edition; no proprietary data<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>expert-specified coupling strengths (STRONG \u00b7 MODERATE \u00b7 WEAK) from assessments and analogue events<\/dd><dt>Validation<\/dt><dd>none yet, first validation against federation evidence in 2027<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>qualitative; strengths are hypotheses, not measurements<\/dd><dt>Domain of validity<\/dt><dd>global scale; not for asset-, site- or country-level use<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>strength table and sources published in this edition<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">couplings<\/span><p>typed in v0<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">0<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strong<\/span><p>documented within one season<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">0<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">moderate<\/span><p>documented, buffered<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">weak<\/span><p>plausible, undocumented<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>framing the 2027 agenda; choosing which couplings to measure first; explaining the two readings of Earth observation as infrastructure and as evidence.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOT SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>quantitative loss estimates, country comparisons or rankings, operational decisions, or any claim about a specific asset.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">VERSIONING<\/p><p>Models are immutable by version. A change to any coupling, rule or weight produces v0.2 with its own card and correction note.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.3<\/span><span>The baseline evidence cut<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Every Nexus edition is published from a frozen evidence cut. The global baseline cut is documentary: it pins the exact edition of every source cited. Federation cuts begin with the first national Foundry cuts in 2027.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Cut ID<\/dt><dd>DC-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-B0<\/dd><dt>Type<\/dt><dd>baseline documentary cut<\/dd><dt>Resolution policy<\/dt><dd>pinned \u00b7 as of 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Sources pinned<\/dt><dd>43 cited sources, each at the edition and access date in the references<\/dd><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>none at baseline, analytical values are stated with their method<\/dd><dt>Digest<\/dt><dd>computed at <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.hard-freeze\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"Air temperature falling well below freezing for hours, killing crops, bursting pipes and stopping water flow.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">freeze<\/a> and recorded in the publication record<\/dd><dt>Supersedes<\/dt><dd>nothing, first cut of the series<\/dd><dt>Superseded by<\/dt><dd>the 2027 Earth observation annual cut<\/dd><\/dl><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Lineage<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">source edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">pinned citation<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">finding<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">page<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">publication record<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">From the baseline cut to the federation cut<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Element<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">2027 global annual<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Sources<\/td><td>cited global publications, pinned by edition<\/td><td>national, regional and sector cuts through one graph<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Analysis<\/td><td>stated methods and editorial estimates<\/td><td>typed analysis specifications<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Models<\/td><td>Earth observation System Model v0 specification<\/td><td>model runs with receipts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Findings<\/td><td>twelve baseline findings<\/td><td>findings re-bound to federation evidence<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Review<\/td><td>five passes scheduled<\/td><td>five passes on the exact digest<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.4<\/span><span>Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A 2026 global edition rests on evidence observed in many different years. This page shows each time base, so that no single year label hides older evidence.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Observed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Released<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next release<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Landsat 9 and data access<\/td><td>2021 to 2026<\/td><td>launched Sep 2021<\/td><td>continuous<\/td><td>Landsat 10 progress<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NISAR mission<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>launched Jul 2025<\/td><td>continuous<\/td><td>first data releases<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sentinel-2 mission<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>Sentinel-2C Sep 2024<\/td><td>continuous<\/td><td>next launches<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sentinel-6 mission<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Sentinel-6B Nov 2025<\/td><td>continuous<\/td><td>service entry<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Orbit counts<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>Apr 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>next report<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forest loss<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>May 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>next release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate variable list<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>Dec 2024<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>status report<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Navigation interference<\/td><td>2021 to 2024<\/td><td>Jun 2025<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>next report<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NASA funding<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>Jan 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>next request<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Commercial fleet counts<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>page reads Nov 2026<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>next launches<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coverage by system at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Thinnest dimension<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Space segment<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>commercial counts on a common basis<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data and archives<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>archive volumes and access statistics<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>coverage of the 55 variables<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Navigation<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>effects on observation services<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Governance<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>text of EU proposals<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>ground-segment footprint<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Skills<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>workforce numbers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>enacted funding and non-US totals<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Designed empty states: what is not bound, what would fill it and why<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Field<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source that would fill it<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Blocker<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Energy, water and carbon footprint of ground segments, archives and processing<\/td><td>agencies, operators, peer-reviewed footprint studies<\/td><td>not published on a common basis; no figure read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Commercial satellite counts and revisit on a common basis<\/td><td>regulators, operator filings, independent catalogues<\/td><td>vendor and agency counts differ<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Share of essential climate variables met by current <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/td><td>GCOS status report 2021<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the publications page was read; the report text was not opened<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Archive volumes of public agencies, current<\/td><td>NASA EOSDIS statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>statistics page returned a service error; figures come from search summaries and date from 2021<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ground-truth accuracy of vendor embedding models<\/td><td>peer-reviewed validation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>self-reported performance only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Full 2025 totals of navigation interference by authority<\/td><td>EASA, ICAO and national regulators<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>trade summaries give differing partial-year figures<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Text of the EU Space Act proposal and the Union Space Programme regulation<\/td><td>EU legal texts<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the regulation page returned no text; the proposal page returned not found<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Enacted NASA Earth Science funding and signature date<\/td><td>enacted appropriations act<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the analysis read was written before signature<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Public funding totals for Earth observation outside the US<\/td><td>national budgets, ESA, OECD<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>not consolidated; OECD handbook page was not opened<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Satellite counts by purpose, current<\/td><td>orbit databases<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>the database page lists totals only, with updates paused after May 2023<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Earth observation workforce and skills gaps<\/td><td>national statistics, OECD, industry surveys<\/td><td>not retrieved; capability rung stays LISTED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Optical vendor capacity and revisit from primary documents<\/td><td>company filings and mission papers<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>company pages returned errors; figures differ across summaries<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Uncertainty bounds for the 2024 tree cover loss figure<\/td><td>University of Maryland data documentation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>release page gives no error bounds<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability rungs beyond monitoring and planning<\/td><td>agencies, operators, laboratories<\/td><td>not reviewed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.5<\/span><span>Evidence cards, two anchor sources<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Published by NASA on its mission page; launch on 30 July 2025. Continuous mission. Role: binds INF-002 and the radar tile. Coverage: global land and ice, 3 to 10 m.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-XT19-001<\/h3><p>NISAR mission overview<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the World Resources Institute in May 2025 on University of Maryland data. Annual. Role: binds CLI-009. Coverage: tropical primary forest.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-XT19-002<\/h3><p>WRI release on 2024 forest loss<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Quality dimensions at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Dimension<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-XT19-001<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-XT19-002<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Completeness<\/td><td>global land and ice; modes vary<\/td><td>tropics only; primary forest<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Timeliness<\/td><td>launch July 2025; data flow follows<\/td><td>released about five months after year end<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Revision<\/td><td>mission page updated as data release<\/td><td>annual updates; revisions possible<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Method transparency<\/td><td>mission page states cycle and resolution<\/td><td>resolution stated; error bounds not on page<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>External validation<\/td><td>agency review; not read here<\/td><td>university data; method papers cited as context<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence cards to follow in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>NASA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>: first science data release and product documentation<\/li><li>WRI<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>: error bounds and method notes of the dataset<\/li><li>USGS<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>: Landsat 10 contract and schedule<\/li><li>GCOS<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>: status report text<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.6<\/span><span>Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Editorial self-check at evidence close. Every applicable item carries a disposition; the remaining items are review, approval and deposit.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-tab9\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Group<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Area<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Items<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pass<\/th><th scope=\"col\">N\/A<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pending<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D1<\/td><td>Identity and scope<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>Source and data<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D3<\/td><td>Analysis and models<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D4<\/td><td>Findings and claims<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D5<\/td><td>Figures, tables, maps<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D6<\/td><td>Editorial and citations<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D7<\/td><td>Review and approval<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>13<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D8<\/td><td>Artefact and design<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D9<\/td><td>Registry and release<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication gate<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Conditions met<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close<\/dd><dt>Blocking problems<\/dt><dd>none recorded<\/dd><dt>Open conditions<\/dt><dd>reviews, approval of the exact digest, deposit, registry pointer<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Not applicable at baseline<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>first runs in Q1 2027<\/dd><dt>Maps<\/dt><dd>plates in Q2 2027<\/dd><dt>Waivers<\/dt><dd>none<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Dispositions are recorded item by item in the machine-readable checklist. A FAIL on any item blocks release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.7<\/span><span>Status words<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-tab10\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The status every value carries<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it means<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"positive\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Observed<\/span><\/td><td>Measured directly and published by the source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>Published statistics of an official or institutional source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Declared<\/span><\/td><td>Stated by the body concerned; not independently measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>A Nexus estimate from cited evidence, with its method in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Modelled<\/span><\/td><td>Produced by a stated model from cited inputs.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>Reasoned from cited evidence; not measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Forecast<\/span><\/td><td>A projection by the cited source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Simulated<\/span><\/td><td>A simulation result under stated assumptions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>A conditional statement under stated assumptions; never a prediction.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>Expert judgement, recorded with its basis.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><td>Proposed for a later edition; not yet evidence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Evidence-quality levels (EQL 1 to 5) grade the source behind a value; they are not a score of the subject.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.8<\/span><span>How the edition is made, released and corrected<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">Every edition is built from a sealed evidence cut, reviewed under three keys, signed and deposited before any site shows it as published; corrections go to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> as change proposals and feed the next cut.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Evidence arrives from the pillars<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Foundry seals observations and indicator series, Universe hands over after-action and scenario findings, and contributions are screened at every gateway, including this site&#8217;s.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 The cut is sealed<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">On the cut date the evidence is pinned under one identifier, so anyone can rebuild the edition from exactly what it was built on.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 The edition is assembled<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The edition is drafted from its template and content pack. Agents may draft; they never publish and never decide.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 The keys turn<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">At the publisher of record the truth key comes first: every value is checked against its source or stated method before the meaning and capital keys turn. No edition moves on until every key has been turned by a named steward.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 The gate opens<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A named approver releases one exact digest of the edition; any change after this point is a new version, never a silent edit.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Signed and deposited<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The PDF, the web edition and the data bundle are signed together with a manifest and an RO-Crate description, and deposited on Zenodo with a concept and a version DOI.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">07 Published on its desk&#8217;s site<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Only then does the edition show as published on its desk&#8217;s Reports site, and the Collection lists it as a part.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">08 Corrections go to Standards<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Method and correction findings go to Nexus Standards as change proposals; citations, corrections and new contributions feed the next evidence cut.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of the process, not a forecast and not a record of any run; dates and counts on this page come from the programme record. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/governance\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Reports governance at GCRI Canada<\/a> (2026); Zenodo, repository of record for Reports deposits (2026).<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">Lifecycle, one state at a time: Draft, Computed, Evidence bound, Reviewed, Approved for release, Published, Corrected, Superseded. This edition is a draft.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.9<\/span><span>Glossary and abbreviations<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-tab11\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Series terms<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Baseline Edition<\/td><td>the inaugural annual edition that fixes the reference state for the series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEFH+B<\/td><td>water, energy, food, health and biodiversity, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/governance-in-operation\/national-nexus\" data-tc=\"National Nexus\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The national model: the NNC, the NLC and the NWG as its three participation pillars, with the National Desk, Model and Portfolio and the NSC as the standards function of the NNC (OR-13)\">national nexus<\/a> core<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coupling<\/td><td>a typed dependency through which one system transmits to another<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">Protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>the share of losses not covered by insurance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability ladder<\/td><td>LISTED \u2192 EXISTS \u2192 ADEQUATE \u2192 TESTED \u2192 DEMONSTRATED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EQL<\/td><td>evidence-quality level, 1\u20135<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence cut<\/td><td>a frozen resolution of exact sources and versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NNC \u00b7 NLC \u00b7 NWG<\/td><td>National Nexus Consortium \u00b7 National Leadership Council \u00b7 National Working Groups<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-tab12\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.12<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Abbreviations used in this edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Abbreviation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Expansion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>EASA<\/td><td>European Union Aviation Safety Agency<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EO<\/td><td>Earth observation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ECV<\/td><td>essential climate variable<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GCOS<\/td><td>Global Climate Observing System<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GLAD<\/td><td>Global Land Analysis and Discovery laboratory<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GNSS<\/td><td>global navigation satellite system<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IATA<\/td><td>International Air Transport Association<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NISAR<\/td><td>NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>OGC<\/td><td>Open Geospatial Consortium<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SAR<\/td><td>synthetic aperture radar<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>STAC<\/td><td>SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UN-GGIM<\/td><td>UN Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.10<\/span><span>Technical annex<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-tab13\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.13<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Technical annex<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Annex<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contents<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A.1<\/td><td>Indicator definitions<\/td><td>the global indicator set, with units and sources<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.2<\/td><td>Coupling strengths<\/td><td>the twenty-cell matrix and its rationale<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.3<\/td><td>Scenario specification<\/td><td>SCN-XT19-CON-01 assumptions and signposts<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.4<\/td><td>Capability placements<\/td><td>rung evidence for fifteen functions<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.5<\/td><td>Model diagnostics<\/td><td>first runs and validation<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.6<\/td><td>Sensitivity analyses<\/td><td>influence of coupling strengths<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.7<\/td><td>Cluster notes<\/td><td>cards for the major observation and navigation clusters<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.8<\/td><td>Review statements<\/td><td>pass-by-pass review record<\/td><td>AT RELEASE<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">A.1 \u00b7 indicator definition: revisit time<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Construct<\/dt><dd>interval between successive observations of the same ground location by a mission or constellation<\/dd><dt>Unit<\/dt><dd>days<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>orbit repeat cycle and swath width, as stated by the mission owner<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>ESA Sentinel-2 page<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup> and NASA NISAR page<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>not stated on the pages read<\/dd><dt>Known limits<\/dt><dd>definitions differ by mission; cloud cover and tasking change effective revisit<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Annexes carry the same evidence, review and correction rules as the chapters and are versioned with the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), ICEYE, Earth Online third party mission page (82 X-band SAR satellites launched for the ICEYE constellation as of 2026; constellation mean revisit at the equator 20 hours; access by accepted project proposal). European Space Agency, Frascati. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>ICEYE (ed.), ICEYE launches four new satellites aboard Transporter-17 (release; launch 7 July 2026; 76 satellites launched in total; up to 16 cm resolution claimed; vendor announcement, weak evidence). ICEYE, Espoo. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>GCOS (ed.), GCOS publications index (latest status report listed is GCOS-240, 2021; earlier report 2015; report text not opened). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: NASA (ed.), Earth Observing System Data and Information System archive statistics (59.24 petabytes on 30 September 2021; projections to 2030 differ by page), taken from search-result summaries; the statistics page returned an access error. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Google DeepMind (ed.), AlphaEarth Foundations (blog post of 30 July 2025; 10 m embeddings; 24% lower error rate than models tested; over 1.4 trillion embedding footprints per year; vendor announcement, weak evidence, performance self-reported). Google DeepMind, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>EASA (ed.), EASA and IATA publish comprehensive plan to mitigate GNSS interference (release of 18 June 2025; four workstreams; workshop of over 120 experts in May 2025; IATA reports 220% rise in GPS signal loss events from 2021 to 2024). European Union Aviation Safety Agency, Cologne. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Baltic and Nordic States submission to ICAO on GNSS interference (about 123,000 flights affected from January to April 2025; April figures differ across outlets), taken from trade-press summaries. International Civil Aviation Organization, Montreal. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: European Commission (ed.), proposal for an EU Space Act (regulation on the safety, resilience and sustainability of space activities), June 2025, cited from memory; the proposal page returned not found. European Commission, Brussels. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: European Parliament and Council, Regulation (EU) 2021\/696 establishing the Union Space Programme, 2021, cited from memory; the legal text page returned no content. European Union, Brussels. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Planetary Society (ed.), You just saved NASA budget (analysis of H.R. 6938; Earth Science USD 2,153.0 million against USD 1,033.2 million requested; NASA Science USD 7.25 billion; House 8 January 2026, Senate 15 January 2026; signature awaited on the page). The Planetary Society, Pasadena. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: White House Office of Management and Budget (ed.), fiscal year 2026 budget request for NASA Earth science (cuts of more than 50%; more than 40 missions proposed for termination), taken from search-result summaries. Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: OECD (ed.), OECD Handbook on Measuring the Space Economy, third edition, 2022, cited from memory; the page returned an access error. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Union of Concerned Scientists (ed.), UCS Satellite Database (data current through 1 May 2023; 7,560 operating satellites; page last updated 2 January 2024; updates paused). Union of Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Vantor (ed.), WorldView Legion constellation (six satellites launched 2 May 2024 to 4 February 2025; 30 cm class; capacity figures differ across summaries), taken from search-result summaries. Vantor, Westminster. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Planet <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/labs\" data-tc=\"Labs\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The research pillar of the programme, one of six (OR-11, OR-12)\">Labs<\/a> PBC (ed.), fourth quarter and fiscal year 2026 results (revenue USD 307.7 million, up 26%; 40 satellites launched in the fiscal year), taken from search-result summaries; the release page returned an access error. Planet Labs, San Francisco. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>WRI (ed.), Global Forest Loss Shatters Records in 2024, Fueled by Massive Fires (release of 21 May 2025; 6.7 million hectares of tropical primary forest lost; nearly 50% from fire; Brazil 42%; data from the University of Maryland GLAD Lab at about 30 m). World Resources Institute, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Hansen, M.C. et al., High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change, Science 342, 850 to 853, 2013; the journal page returned an access error. Observation year 2013. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), NISAR mission overview (launched 30 July 2025 from India; 12-day coverage; average revisit about 6 days; 3 to 10 m; free and open data). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat 10 (mission page; 26 spectral bands; 18-day revisit; 10 to 20 m and 60 m resolution; launch target 2031; draft request for proposal for the spacecraft on 18 May 2026). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Sentinel-2 (mission page; 2A 23 June 2015, 2B 7 March 2017, 2C 5 September 2024; 13 bands; 10 m; 290 km swath; 5-day revisit). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-ca-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-part-data\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/\">Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex B<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Data appendix<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>11 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>8 tables<\/span><span>25 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.1<\/span><span>The indicator set<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Global baseline indicator set<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Landsat 8 and 9 combined land coverage<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">8<\/span><\/td><td>days<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Landsat 9 orbit altitude<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">705<\/span><\/td><td>km<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Landsat 10 planned bands<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">26<\/span><\/td><td>bands<\/td><td>2031 plan<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Landsat 10 planned revisit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">18<\/span><\/td><td>days<\/td><td>2031 plan<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NISAR coverage cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">12<\/span><\/td><td>days<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NISAR average revisit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">6<\/span><\/td><td>days<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sentinel-2 swath<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">290<\/span><\/td><td>km<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sentinel-2 stated revisit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">5<\/span><\/td><td>days<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Essential climate variables listed<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">55<\/span><\/td><td>variables<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tropical primary forest lost<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">6.7<\/span><\/td><td>million hectares<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Objects tracked in orbit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u224840,000<\/span><\/td><td>objects<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Active payloads among tracked objects<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u224811,000<\/span><\/td><td>payloads<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Debris objects larger than 1 cm, estimated<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1.2<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rise in GPS signal loss events, 2021 to 2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">220<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NASA Earth Science, fiscal year 2026 bill<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">2,153.0<\/span><\/td><td>USD million<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NASA Earth Science, fiscal year 2026 request<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1,033.2<\/span><\/td><td>USD million<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-actions nrp-noprint\"><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:text\/csv;charset=utf-8,Indicator%2CValue%2CUnit%2CYear%2CState%2CSource%0ALandsat%208%20and%209%20combined%20land%20coverage%2C8%2Cdays%2C2021%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0ALandsat%209%20orbit%20altitude%2C705%2Ckm%2C2021%2CREPORTED%2C%5B2%5D%0ALandsat%2010%20planned%20bands%2C26%2Cbands%2C2031%20plan%2CSCENARIO%2C%5B4%5D%0ALandsat%2010%20planned%20revisit%2C18%2Cdays%2C2031%20plan%2CSCENARIO%2C%5B4%5D%0ANISAR%20coverage%20cycle%2C12%2Cdays%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B5%5D%0ANISAR%20average%20revisit%2C6%2Cdays%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B5%5D%0ASentinel-2%20swath%2C290%2Ckm%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B6%5D%0ASentinel-2%20stated%20revisit%2C5%2Cdays%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B6%5D%0AEssential%20climate%20variables%20listed%2C55%2Cvariables%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B13%5D%0ATropical%20primary%20forest%20lost%2C6.7%2Cmillion%20hectares%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B12%5D%0AObjects%20tracked%20in%20orbit%2C%22%E2%89%8840%2C000%22%2Cobjects%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B15%5D%0AActive%20payloads%20among%20tracked%20objects%2C%22%E2%89%8811%2C000%22%2Cpayloads%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B15%5D%0A%22Debris%20objects%20larger%20than%201%20cm%2C%20estimated%22%2C1.2%2Cmillion%2C2024%2CESTIMATED%2C%5B15%5D%0A%22Rise%20in%20GPS%20signal%20loss%20events%2C%202021%20to%202024%22%2C220%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B23%5D%0A%22NASA%20Earth%20Science%2C%20fiscal%20year%202026%20bill%22%2C%222%2C153.0%22%2CUSD%20million%2C2026%2CREPORTED%2C%5B24%5D%0A%22NASA%20Earth%20Science%2C%20fiscal%20year%202026%20request%22%2C%221%2C033.2%22%2CUSD%20million%2C2026%2CREPORTED%2C%5B24%5D%0A\" download=\"NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-indicators.csv\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, CSV<\/a><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:application\/json;charset=utf-8,%7B%0A%20%22edition%22%3A%20%22NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE%22%2C%0A%20%22title%22%3A%20%22Exponential%20Technology%20Report%202026%3A%20Earth%20Observation%20and%20Geospatial%20Intelligence%22%2C%0A%20%22status%22%3A%20%22Draft%20under%20stewardship%20review%3B%20not%20yet%20released%22%2C%0A%20%22licence%22%3A%20%22CC-BY-4.0%20for%20the%20edition%20table%3B%20each%20value%20keeps%20its%20source's%20licence%22%2C%0A%20%22columns%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%22Indicator%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Value%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Unit%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Year%22%2C%0A%20%20%22State%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Source%22%0A%20%5D%2C%0A%20%22rows%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Landsat%208%20and%209%20combined%20land%20coverage%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%228%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22days%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222021%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Landsat%209%20orbit%20altitude%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22705%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22km%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222021%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B2%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Landsat%2010%20planned%20bands%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2226%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22bands%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222031%20plan%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22SCENARIO%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B4%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Landsat%2010%20planned%20revisit%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2218%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22days%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222031%20plan%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22SCENARIO%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B4%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22NISAR%20coverage%20cycle%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2212%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22days%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B5%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22NISAR%20average%20revisit%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%226%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22days%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B5%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Sentinel-2%20swath%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22290%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22km%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B6%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Sentinel-2%20stated%20revisit%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%225%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22days%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B6%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Essential%20climate%20variables%20listed%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2255%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22variables%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B13%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Tropical%20primary%20forest%20lost%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%226.7%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%20hectares%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B12%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Objects%20tracked%20in%20orbit%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%8840%2C000%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22objects%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B15%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Active%20payloads%20among%20tracked%20objects%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%8811%2C000%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22payloads%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B15%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Debris%20objects%20larger%20than%201%20cm%2C%20estimated%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221.2%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22ESTIMATED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B15%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Rise%20in%20GPS%20signal%20loss%20events%2C%202021%20to%202024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22220%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B23%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22NASA%20Earth%20Science%2C%20fiscal%20year%202026%20bill%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222%2C153.0%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22USD%20million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222026%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B24%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22NASA%20Earth%20Science%2C%20fiscal%20year%202026%20request%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%2C033.2%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22USD%20million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222026%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B24%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%0A%20%5D%0A%7D\" download=\"NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-indicators.json\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, JSON<\/a><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOTES<\/p><p>Values are rounded as published. Plans are labelled SCENARIO. Vendor and search-summary values carry an UNVERIFIED reference or a vendor label and are listed in the notes. A machine-readable copy of this table is published with the evidence bundle at release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.2<\/span><span>Global source register<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Domains bound by the register<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">INF<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">DAT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">CLI<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GOV<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FIN<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">TRD<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ENE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">WAT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FOO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">BIO<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Global source register<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Category<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Period<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>USGS Landsat pages<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national agency<\/td><td>global land<\/td><td>2021 to 2026<\/td><td>continuous<\/td><td>land imaging<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NASA NISAR page<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national agency<\/td><td>global land<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>continuous<\/td><td>radar<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ESA Sentinel pages<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>intergovernmental agency<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2024 to 2025<\/td><td>continuous<\/td><td>Copernicus missions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>European Commission pages<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>EU institution<\/td><td>EU and global<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>continuous<\/td><td>policy and access<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WRI release<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>research institute<\/td><td>tropics<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>forest loss<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GCOS and C3S pages<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international programme<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2021 to 2024<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>climate variables<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ESA Space Environment Report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>intergovernmental agency<\/td><td>orbit<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>orbit<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EASA and IATA plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>agency and trade body<\/td><td>global aviation<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>one-off<\/td><td>navigation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Planetary Society analysis<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>non-profit<\/td><td>US<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>funding<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vendor pages<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>vendors<\/td><td>global<\/td><td>2025 to 2026<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>fleets and platforms<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FIXTURE PROHIBITION<\/p><p>No demonstration or reference-cartographic fixture is used as evidence in this edition. The publication gate checks every binding against this register.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.3<\/span><span>Regional reading, Earth observation across ten clusters<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Regional plates follow with the regional editions. This page gives the regional reading of Earth observation infrastructure and exposure in table form and ranks no region.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional reading, Earth observation across ten clusters<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Region<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Principal hazards<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems most exposed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>North America<\/td><td>USGS and NASA missions; commercial fleets; licensing<\/td><td>land imaging, funding, licensing<\/td><td>USGS<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>; NASA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>; Commerce<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>South America<\/td><td>tropical forest monitoring users<\/td><td>forest records<\/td><td>WRI<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Europe<\/td><td>Copernicus; EU programme; aviation reporting<\/td><td>open data, policy, navigation<\/td><td>European Commission<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>; EASA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Eurasia<\/td><td>navigation interference reports in the Baltic region<\/td><td>navigation<\/td><td>trade summaries<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Middle East and North Africa<\/td><td>navigation interference reported in aviation<\/td><td>navigation<\/td><td>EASA and IATA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Africa<\/td><td>users of free data; skills and computing access<\/td><td>access<\/td><td>regional evidence (not bound)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>South Asia<\/td><td>joint radar mission launched from India<\/td><td>radar<\/td><td>NASA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>East Asia<\/td><td>regional programmes and commercial fleets<\/td><td>supply, research<\/td><td>regional evidence (not bound)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ASEAN<\/td><td>forest monitoring and disaster users<\/td><td>access<\/td><td>regional evidence (not bound)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Oceania-Pacific<\/td><td>sea level and climate records<\/td><td>climate variables<\/td><td>ESA Sentinel-6<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">MAP PLATES WITH THE REGIONAL EDITIONS<\/p><p>Each plate will carry its boundary source and version, projection, resolution, classification, uncertainty encoding and public-safe transform, with text and table alternatives.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Regional readings summarise the cited evidence. They are not risk ratings of any region or country.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.4<\/span><span>Cluster card: free and open land-imaging chain<\/span><\/h2><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">public missions<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">open data<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">archives<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">continuity<\/li><\/ul><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Systems in view<\/dt><dd>Landsat 8 and 9, Sentinel-2, NISAR, archives and catalogues<\/dd><dt>Defining events<\/dt><dd>Landsat 9 launch 2021; Sentinel-2C 2024; NISAR 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Couplings<\/dt><dd>GOV \u2192 INF funding; INF \u2192 DAT open terms; DAT \u2192 CLI records<\/dd><dt>Capability evidence<\/dt><dd>open access and catalogue standards documented<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Gaps<\/dt><dd>continuity of successors; archive volumes; ground-segment footprint<\/dd><dt>Agenda items<\/dt><dd>O-01 \u00b7 O-05<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Landsat 8 and 9 give 8-day land coverage and Sentinel-2 states a 5-day revisit [2] [6].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">MISSIONS<\/h3><p>Overlapping land imaging<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Landsat has been free since 2008, and NISAR data are described as free and open [3] [5].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">POLICY<\/h3><p>Free and open terms<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Landsat 10 is pre-launch with 26 bands planned; a draft request for proposal was released in May 2026 [4].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">SUCCESSION<\/h3><p>A 2031 target<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Cluster cards are generated for the major observation and navigation clusters in 2027. The land-imaging chain is shown first because its data policy and continuity are documented.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.5<\/span><span>How countries appear in the Earth observation edition<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Countries enter the Earth observation edition through the readiness chapters of their own national editions, on one card grammar. They are read against peer distributions and thresholds, never ranked.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">How countries appear in the Earth observation edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Card field<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it shows<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>WEFH+B state<\/td><td>each core system against peer distribution bands<\/td><td>national edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Couplings<\/td><td>the national dependency matrix<\/td><td>national edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk objects<\/td><td>the national risk portfolio<\/td><td>national edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability rungs<\/td><td>the national capability ladder<\/td><td>national edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence age<\/td><td>oldest and newest source dates<\/td><td>national source register<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Editions in the 2026 Baseline programme<\/h3><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">26<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">national<\/span><p>countries and unions<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">regional<\/span><p>clusters<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">16<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">global<\/span><p>flagship and sector<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">14<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strategic<\/span><p><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> reports<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">frontier<\/span><p>technology reports<\/p><\/div><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">How to read a country card<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Each system is shown against the distribution of its peers, with thresholds where they exist<\/li><li>Couplings and risk objects come from the country\u2019s own national edition<\/li><li>Capability rungs record evidence, not a judgement of institutions<\/li><li>Evidence age is printed, so older national data are visible as such<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">National Baseline Editions in the 2026 programme<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Wave<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Countries and unions<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>W0<\/td><td>Canada<\/td><td>ISSUED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>W1<\/td><td>United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, European Union, Switzerland<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>W2<\/td><td>Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, T\u00fcrkiye, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, South Africa, Senegal, Kenya, African Union, India, China, Republic of Korea, Indonesia, Singapore, Australia<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>External rankings, where cited, keep their own method and source. Nexus never converts them into a rating, and each country\u2019s ownership of its national edition is unaffected by its appearance here.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.6<\/span><span>Licences<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Licences of each kind of material<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Material<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Text<\/td><td>CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data<\/td><td>on the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td>Nexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maps<\/td><td>boundary source and licence printed on each plate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Metadata<\/td><td>CC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Third-party data, figures and text<\/td><td>The source&#8217;s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.7<\/span><span>Formats and provenance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">This edition in every format<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Format<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it is<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Web edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>Draft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Print edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indicator data<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CSV \u00b7 JSON<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>16 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE data release v1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">SVG \u00b7 PNG<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIG-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-*<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slides<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No slide deck is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence brief<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML \u00b7 PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No evidence brief is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dataset with DOI<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DataCite<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>Concept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Provenance<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Edition pack<\/dt><dd>The edition&#8217;s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built<\/dd><dt>Evidence cut<\/dt><dd>DC-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-B0, closed 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters<\/dd><dt>Self-check<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release<\/dd><dt>Review<\/dt><dd>five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>GCRI for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Corrections<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat 9 (mission page; launched 27 September 2021; 705 km sun-synchronous orbit; 16-day repeat cycle with an 8-day offset from Landsat 8; data at no charge). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat 10 (mission page; 26 spectral bands; 18-day revisit; 10 to 20 m and 60 m resolution; launch target 2031; draft request for proposal for the spacecraft on 18 May 2026). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), NISAR mission overview (launched 30 July 2025 from India; 12-day coverage; average revisit about 6 days; 3 to 10 m; free and open data). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Sentinel-2 (mission page; 2A 23 June 2015, 2B 7 March 2017, 2C 5 September 2024; 13 bands; 10 m; 290 km swath; 5-day revisit). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>GCOS (ed.), Essential Climate Variables (list of 55 variables: 16 atmosphere, 20 land, 19 ocean; last updated 20 December 2024). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>WRI (ed.), Global Forest Loss Shatters Records in 2024, Fueled by Massive Fires (release of 21 May 2025; 6.7 million hectares of tropical primary forest lost; nearly 50% from fire; Brazil 42%; data from the University of Maryland GLAD Lab at about 30 m). World Resources Institute, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), ESA Space Environment Report 2025 (web page of 1 April 2025; about 40,000 tracked objects; about 11,000 active payloads; estimated 1.2 million debris objects larger than 1 cm; data to end 2024). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>EASA (ed.), EASA and IATA publish comprehensive plan to mitigate GNSS interference (release of 18 June 2025; four workstreams; workshop of over 120 experts in May 2025; IATA reports 220% rise in GPS signal loss events from 2021 to 2024). European Union Aviation Safety Agency, Cologne. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Planetary Society (ed.), You just saved NASA budget (analysis of H.R. 6938; Earth Science USD 2,153.0 million against USD 1,033.2 million requested; NASA Science USD 7.25 billion; House 8 January 2026, Senate 15 January 2026; signature awaited on the page). The Planetary Society, Pasadena. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat Data Access (products free to download since 2008; Collection 2 available from commercial cloud with catalogue metadata). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Sentinel-6 (mission page; Sentinel-6B launched 17 November 2025; reference altimetry mission to 2030 at least; 95% of the ocean measured). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ESA (ed.), Sentinel-1D reaches orbit on Ariane 6 (launch 4 November 2025; fourth satellite of the first Sentinel-1 series), taken from search-result summaries; the ESA page returned an access error. European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>European Commission (ed.), About Copernicus (Earth observation component of the EU space programme; six services; free and openly accessible; archived site). European Commission, Brussels. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>European Commission (ed.), Copernicus (policy page; nearly 800 European companies active in Earth observation with EUR 1.8 billion revenue; market projected near EUR 6 billion by 2033; 96% SMEs or startups; Commission statements). Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space, Brussels. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, about page (free access through quotas for individual use; larger use on commercial terms). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service (ed.), Global Climate Highlights 2025 (page only; the headline figures were not read). European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>GCOS (ed.), GCOS publications index (latest status report listed is GCOS-240, 2021; earlier report 2015; report text not opened). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Google DeepMind (ed.), AlphaEarth Foundations (blog post of 30 July 2025; 10 m embeddings; 24% lower error rate than models tested; over 1.4 trillion embedding footprints per year; vendor announcement, weak evidence, performance self-reported). Google DeepMind, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Google (ed.), Earth Engine (product page; multi-petabyte catalogue; over eighty petabytes stated; commercial use available and free for academic and research use; vendor statements, weak evidence). Google, Mountain View. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), ICEYE, Earth Online third party mission page (82 X-band SAR satellites launched for the ICEYE constellation as of 2026; constellation mean revisit at the equator 20 hours; access by accepted project proposal). European Space Agency, Frascati. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>ICEYE (ed.), ICEYE launches four new satellites aboard Transporter-17 (release; launch 7 July 2026; 76 satellites launched in total; up to 16 cm resolution claimed; vendor announcement, weak evidence). ICEYE, Espoo. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>US Department of Commerce (ed.), Commercial Remote Sensing Regulatory Affairs (licensing of private remote sensing space <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> under 15 CFR Part 960 and 51 U.S.C. 60101 et seq.; tiers not described on the page). Office of Space Commerce, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Baltic and Nordic States submission to ICAO on GNSS interference (about 123,000 flights affected from January to April 2025; April figures differ across outlets), taken from trade-press summaries. International Civil Aviation Organization, Montreal. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>STAC community (ed.), About STAC (SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog; open source community; Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence; no adoption figures on the page). Radiant Earth and contributors. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>OGC (ed.), About OGC (founded 1994; non-profit; more than 150 open geospatial standards stated; offices in Belgium and the United Kingdom). Open Geospatial Consortium, Wakefield. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-xt-19-cb-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-part-references\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cc-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/\">Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex C<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">References and record<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Every source the edition rests on, the publication record, the corrections log and the open record.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>14 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>0 notes<\/span><span>NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cc-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cc-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cc-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.1<\/span><span>43 sources<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">NR-CIT-1, editor first. A DOI is linked where the source has one; Nexus records carry a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> once the catalogue allocates it (NS-1).<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Union of Concerned Scientists (ed.), UCS Satellite Database (data current through 1 May 2023; 7,560 operating satellites; page last updated 2 January 2024; updates paused). Union of Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Observation year 2023. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat 9 (mission page; launched 27 September 2021; 705 km sun-synchronous orbit; 16-day repeat cycle with an 8-day offset from Landsat 8; data at no charge). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat Data Access (products free to download since 2008; Collection 2 available from commercial cloud with catalogue metadata). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>USGS (ed.), Landsat 10 (mission page; 26 spectral bands; 18-day revisit; 10 to 20 m and 60 m resolution; launch target 2031; draft request for proposal for the spacecraft on 18 May 2026). United States Geological Survey, Reston. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>NASA (ed.), NISAR mission overview (launched 30 July 2025 from India; 12-day coverage; average revisit about 6 days; 3 to 10 m; free and open data). National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Sentinel-2 (mission page; 2A 23 June 2015, 2B 7 March 2017, 2C 5 September 2024; 13 bands; 10 m; 290 km swath; 5-day revisit). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>European Commission (ed.), About Copernicus (Earth observation component of the EU space programme; six services; free and openly accessible; archived site). European Commission, Brussels. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>European Commission (ed.), Copernicus (policy page; nearly 800 European companies active in Earth observation with EUR 1.8 billion revenue; market projected near EUR 6 billion by 2033; 96% SMEs or startups; Commission statements). Directorate-General for Defence Industry and Space, Brussels. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Sentinel-6 (mission page; Sentinel-6B launched 17 November 2025; reference altimetry mission to 2030 at least; 95% of the ocean measured). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, about page (free access through quotas for individual use; larger use on commercial terms). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Copernicus <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Service (ed.), Global Climate Highlights 2025 (page only; the headline figures were not read). European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>WRI (ed.), Global Forest Loss Shatters Records in 2024, Fueled by Massive Fires (release of 21 May 2025; 6.7 million hectares of tropical primary forest lost; nearly 50% from fire; Brazil 42%; data from the University of Maryland GLAD Lab at about 30 m). World Resources Institute, Washington. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 7<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>GCOS (ed.), Essential Climate Variables (list of 55 variables: 16 atmosphere, 20 land, 19 ocean; last updated 20 December 2024). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>GCOS (ed.), GCOS publications index (latest status report listed is GCOS-240, 2021; earlier report 2015; report text not opened). World Meteorological Organization, Geneva. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), ESA Space Environment Report 2025 (web page of 1 April 2025; about 40,000 tracked objects; about 11,000 active payloads; estimated 1.2 million debris objects larger than 1 cm; data to end 2024). European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2024. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>STAC community (ed.), About STAC (SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog; open source community; Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence; no adoption figures on the page). Radiant Earth and contributors. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>OGC (ed.), About OGC (founded 1994; non-profit; more than 150 open geospatial standards stated; offices in Belgium and the United Kingdom). Open Geospatial Consortium, Wakefield. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Google DeepMind (ed.), AlphaEarth Foundations (blog post of 30 July 2025; 10 m embeddings; 24% lower error rate than models tested; over 1.4 trillion embedding footprints per year; vendor announcement, weak evidence, performance self-reported). Google DeepMind, London. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>Google (ed.), Earth Engine (product page; multi-petabyte catalogue; over eighty petabytes stated; commercial use available and free for academic and research use; vendor statements, weak evidence). Google, Mountain View. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>ESA (ed.), ICEYE, Earth Online third party mission page (82 X-band SAR satellites launched for the ICEYE constellation as of 2026; constellation mean revisit at the equator 20 hours; access by accepted project proposal). European Space Agency, Frascati. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>ICEYE (ed.), ICEYE launches four new satellites aboard Transporter-17 (release; launch 7 July 2026; 76 satellites launched in total; up to 16 cm resolution claimed; vendor announcement, weak evidence). ICEYE, Espoo. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>US Department of Commerce (ed.), Commercial Remote Sensing Regulatory Affairs (licensing of private remote sensing space <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> under 15 CFR Part 960 and 51 U.S.C. 60101 et seq.; tiers not described on the page). Office of Space Commerce, Washington. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>EASA (ed.), EASA and IATA publish comprehensive plan to mitigate GNSS interference (release of 18 June 2025; four workstreams; workshop of over 120 experts in May 2025; IATA reports 220% rise in GPS signal loss events from 2021 to 2024). European Union Aviation Safety Agency, Cologne. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Planetary Society (ed.), You just saved NASA budget (analysis of H.R. 6938; Earth Science USD 2,153.0 million against USD 1,033.2 million requested; NASA Science USD 7.25 billion; House 8 January 2026, Senate 15 January 2026; signature awaited on the page). The Planetary Society, Pasadena. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>POST-CLOSE, context only: UN-GGIM (ed.), Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management (sixteenth session 5 to 7 August 2026; 282 delegates from 80 Member States; Integrated Geospatial Information Framework; World Geospatial Information Congress planned 16 to 19 November 2026). United Nations, New York. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Planet <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/labs\" data-tc=\"Labs\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The research pillar of the programme, one of six (OR-11, OR-12)\">Labs<\/a> PBC (ed.), fourth quarter and fiscal year 2026 results (revenue USD 307.7 million, up 26%; 40 satellites launched in the fiscal year), taken from search-result summaries; the release page returned an access error. Planet Labs, San Francisco. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Vantor (ed.), WorldView Legion constellation (six satellites launched 2 May 2024 to 4 February 2025; 30 cm class; capacity figures differ across summaries), taken from search-result summaries. Vantor, Westminster. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: POST-CLOSE, context only: ICEYE (ed.), release on the Bandwagon-5 launch of 20 October 2026 (84 SAR satellites launched in total), taken from search-result summaries. ICEYE, Espoo. Observation year 2026. Accessed 2026-11-03.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: ESA (ed.), Sentinel-1D reaches orbit on Ariane 6 (launch 4 November 2025; fourth satellite of the first Sentinel-1 series), taken from search-result summaries; the ESA page returned an access error. European Space Agency, Paris. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: NASA (ed.), Earth Observing System Data and Information System archive statistics (59.24 petabytes on 30 September 2021; projections to 2030 differ by page), taken from search-result summaries; the statistics page returned an access error. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Baltic and Nordic States submission to ICAO on GNSS interference (about 123,000 flights affected from January to April 2025; April figures differ across outlets), taken from trade-press summaries. International Civil Aviation Organization, Montreal. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: White House Office of Management and Budget (ed.), fiscal year 2026 budget request for NASA Earth science (cuts of more than 50%; more than 40 missions proposed for termination), taken from search-result summaries. Washington. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Hansen, M.C. et al., High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change, Science 342, 850 to 853, 2013; the journal page returned an access error. Observation year 2013. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Wulder, M.A. et al., Opening the archive: how free data has enabled the science and monitoring promise of Landsat, Remote Sensing of Environment 122, 2 to 10, 2012, cited from memory. Observation year 2012. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Drusch, M. et al., Sentinel-2: ESA optical high-resolution mission for GMES operational services, Remote Sensing of Environment 120, 25 to 36, 2012, cited from memory. Observation year 2012. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Torres, R. et al., GMES Sentinel-1 mission, Remote Sensing of Environment 120, 9 to 24, 2012, cited from memory. Observation year 2012. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Gorelick, N. et al., Google Earth Engine: planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone, Remote Sensing of Environment 202, 18 to 27, 2017, cited from memory. Observation year 2017. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Pekel, J.-F. et al., High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes, Nature 540, 418 to 422, 2016, cited from memory. Observation year 2016. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: United Nations General Assembly resolution 41\/65, Principles relating to remote sensing of the Earth from outer space, 1986, cited from memory. United Nations, New York. Observation year 1986. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: European Commission (ed.), proposal for an EU Space Act (regulation on the safety, resilience and sustainability of space activities), June 2025, cited from memory; the proposal page returned not found. European Commission, Brussels. Observation year 2025. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: European Parliament and Council, Regulation (EU) 2021\/696 establishing the Union Space Programme, 2021, cited from memory; the legal text page returned no content. European Union, Brussels. Observation year 2021. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: OECD (ed.), OECD Handbook on Measuring the Space Economy, third edition, 2022, cited from memory; the page returned an access error. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris. Observation year 2022. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-ref-43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>UNVERIFIED, not opened: Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, 1967, cited from memory. United Nations, New York. Observation year 1967. Accessed 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cc-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cc-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cc-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.2<\/span><span>Publication record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Title<\/dt><dd>Exponential Technology Report 2026: Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence, Baseline Edition<\/dd><dt>Series<\/dt><dd>Reports \u00b7 Exponential Technology Series XT-19<\/dd><dt>Edition<\/dt><dd>Baseline Edition 2026 \u00b7 inaugural annual<\/dd><dt>Version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 \u00b7 draft for stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Publication date<\/dt><dd>October 2026<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>concept and version DOI at deposit<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publisher<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Place<\/dt><dd>Toronto<\/dd><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor<\/dd><dt>Stewards<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 technical truth \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 public meaning \u00b7 GRA \u00b7 capital meaning<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>text CC BY 4.0; data on the terms of each source<\/dd><dt>Copyright<\/dt><dd>\u00a9 2026 GCRI \u00b7 Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Language<\/dt><dd>English (en-GB) source edition<\/dd><dt>Correspondence<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway \u00b7 editorial office<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">DISCLAIMER<\/p><p>This edition is published for research, planning and public understanding. It is not a government assessment, an official warning, a rating, a certification, investment advice or an operational authorisation. Reasonable care has been taken with every source; consult the cited originals before relying on any value.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Colophon<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Format<\/dt><dd>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF<\/dd><dt>Typefaces<\/dt><dd>Space Grotesk (display) \u00b7 Geist (text) \u00b7 IBM Plex Sans Italic (standfirsts) \u00b7 IBM Plex Mono (data)<\/dd><dt>Design standard<\/dt><dd>Reports Foundational Edition, Volume I, Part VII<\/dd><dt>Accessibility<\/dt><dd>tagged PDF and HTML targets; text alternatives for every figure<\/dd><dt>Production<\/dt><dd>Reports editorial team, GCRI<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HOW TO CORRECT THIS EDITION<\/p><p>Report errors, omissions or objections through the Registry correction pathway. Each report is logged and answered; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version, and the original remains resolvable.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Release path for this version<\/h3><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cc-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table C.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Release path for this version<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">When<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Draft<\/td><td>editorial self-check complete at evidence close<\/td><td>October 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Steward review<\/td><td>five passes on the exact draft (keys T \u00b7 M \u00b7 F \u00b7 N)<\/td><td>Q4 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approval<\/td><td>publication authority approves the exact digest<\/td><td>before release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deposit<\/td><td>concept and version DOI minted; registry pointer set<\/td><td>at release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Succession<\/td><td>the 2027 Earth observation edition reports changes against this baseline<\/td><td>2027<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Current version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 draft, stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Previous edition<\/dt><dd>none, first edition of the series<\/dd><dt>Next edition<\/dt><dd>NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2027-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Latest version<\/dt><dd>resolve the concept DOI or the registry record<\/dd><dt>Correction route<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway<\/dd><dt>Notice types<\/dt><dd>erratum \u00b7 addendum \u00b7 supersession \u00b7 withdrawal<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NO CORRECTIONS \u2260 NO LIMITS<\/p><p>The absence of corrections does not mean the absence of limitations. Limitations and uncertainty are stated where they arise in the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><div id=\"nx-nr-xt-19-corrections\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cc-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cc-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cc-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.3<\/span><span>Corrections log<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-corr\"><p class=\"nx-nr-corr-sum\"><span class=\"nx-nr-corr-n\">0<\/span><span>correction notices. No edition has been released yet, so none can be corrected; the log below lists each edition&#8217;s current version.<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Version<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Date<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Change<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Notice<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Edition\"><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">XT-19<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Version\" class=\"nx-rd-mono\">NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/td><td data-label=\"Date\">October 2026<\/td><td data-label=\"State\">Draft<\/td><td data-label=\"Change\">Baseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition,<\/td><td data-label=\"Notice\">None<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-rd-source\">Notice types: erratum, addendum, supersession, withdrawal. A correction is a new version with a published notice; the earlier version stays resolvable, and no edition is ever edited in silence.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-xt-19-outputs\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cc-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cc-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cc-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.4<\/span><span>Open record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-os\"><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>This edition&#8217;s open record<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Desk identifier and series alias<\/dt><dd>NR-XTC-XT-19-2026-BL<\/dd><dt>Collection<\/dt><dd>None<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>Concept and version DOI at deposit, on Zenodo with DataCite metadata<\/dd><dt>Versions<\/dt><dd>Each correction is a new version (isNewVersionOf); the concept DOI resolves to the latest<\/dd><dt>Bundle<\/dt><dd>RO-Crate 1.2 with CITATION.cff, CodeMeta and PROV-O provenance; a signed manifest<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Credit and identity<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>ORCID<\/dt><dd>Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record<\/dd><dt>ROR<\/dt><dd>Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone<\/dd><dt>CRediT<\/dt><dd>Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing<\/dd><dt>Account<\/dt><dd>None needed to contribute; never a password<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Find and follow<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">Search the open indexes for Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence; software is cited by its SWHID from Software Heritage, and a quantified scenario run is preregistered on OSF before it is run. Annotation is your choice: Hypothesis opens this page in its own viewer.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-nr-os-links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/openalex.org\/works?search=Nexus%20Reports%20Earth%20Observation%20and%20Geospatial%20Intelligence\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAlex<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.openaire.eu\/search\/find?fv0=Nexus%20Reports%20Earth%20Observation%20and%20Geospatial%20Intelligence&amp;f0=q\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAIRE<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/search\/works?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Earth%20Observation%20and%20Geospatial%20Intelligence\" rel=\"noopener\">Crossref<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.datacite.org\/?query=Nexus%20Reports%20Earth%20Observation%20and%20Geospatial%20Intelligence\" rel=\"noopener\">DataCite Commons<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/search?q=Nexus%20Reports%20Earth%20Observation%20and%20Geospatial%20Intelligence\" rel=\"noopener\">Zenodo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.softwareheritage.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Software Heritage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/prereg\/\" rel=\"noopener\">OSF preregistration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/via.hypothes.is\/https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Annotate with Hypothesis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Mirrors and harvest<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">The DOI is canonical. At release each signed bundle is also given an IPFS content identifier and a bloxberg anchor as mirrors; both are listed in the record once they exist. Zenodo exposes every record over OAI-PMH, and reviews and endorsements can arrive through COAR Notify where the repository supports it.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><figure class=\"nx-nr-code\"><figcaption class=\"nx-nr-code-cap\">InvenioRDM metadata for a contribution on Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence, prefilled from this page<\/figcaption><pre class=\"nx-nr-pre\" tabindex=\"0\"><code>{&#10;  &quot;metadata&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;id&quot;: &quot;dataset&quot;&#10;    },&#10;    &quot;title&quot;: &quot;Evidence on Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence for Nexus Reports&quot;,&#10;    &quot;publication_date&quot;: &quot;YYYY-MM-DD&quot;,&#10;    &quot;creators&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;person_or_org&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;type&quot;: &quot;personal&quot;,&#10;          &quot;family_name&quot;: &quot;Your family name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;given_name&quot;: &quot;Your given name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;identifiers&quot;: [&#10;            {&#10;              &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;orcid&quot;,&#10;              &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;0000-0000-0000-0000&quot;&#10;            }&#10;          ]&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;affiliations&quot;: [&#10;          {&#10;            &quot;id&quot;: &quot;ROR identifier of your organisation&quot;&#10;          }&#10;        ]&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;description&quot;: &quot;What it is, where its record is kept and how it bears on Exponential Technology Report 2026: Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence.&quot;,&#10;    &quot;rights&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;id&quot;: &quot;cc-by-4.0&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;subjects&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Nexus Reports&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Exponential Technology Report \u00b7 XT-19&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;related_identifiers&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/&quot;,&#10;        &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;url&quot;,&#10;        &quot;relation_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;issupplementto&quot;&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;publication-report&quot;&#10;        }&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;version&quot;: &quot;1.0.0&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;custom_fields&quot;: {},&#10;  &quot;access&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;record&quot;: &quot;public&quot;,&#10;    &quot;files&quot;: &quot;public&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;files&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;enabled&quot;: true&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;parent&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;communities&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;default&quot;: &quot;nexusreports&quot;&#10;    }&#10;  }&#10;}<\/code><\/pre><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-hook\" data-nx-research-hub=\"slot\" data-nx-research-context=\"{&quot;org&quot;:&quot;GCRI&quot;,&quot;site&quot;:&quot;gcri&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;edition&quot;,&quot;subject&quot;:&quot;Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;Exponential Technology Report \u00b7 XT-19&quot;]}\" hidden><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-xt-19-pillars\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cc-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cc-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-xt-19-cc-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.5<\/span><span>Where this edition sits among the six pillars<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Foundry seals the evidence and Universe tests it; Reports publishes it; Standards takes its corrections and Academy teaches from it.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F03 Sealed observations and indicator series<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F04 After-action and scenario findings for<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F05 National Portfolio movement for chapter<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Applied in editions<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>: applied in editions.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>XT-19 edition<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Reports<\/span> Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence 2026, published in every format with its sources, citation and corrections.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F06 Method and correction findings as change<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F12 Q4 synthesis informs the next-year<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Taught in the open<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Academy<\/span> Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>What Foundry and Universe hand to this edition, and what it hands to Standards, Universe and Academy. From the programme spine; XT-19 is a drafted Baseline Edition, so these handoffs run from its first operational quarter.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Handoff<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Between<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What crosses, and when<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F03<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F04<\/span><\/td><td>Universe to Reports<\/td><td>After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F05<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus Standards to Reports<\/td><td>Nexus Standards: applied in editions.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F06<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Nexus Standards<\/td><td>Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F12<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Universe<\/td><td>Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"academy\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Risk Academy<\/td><td>Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-noprint\"><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Send evidence or a correction on Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the GCRI <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Evidence desk. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work. Sent to the wrong desk, it is forwarded, not refused.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI Systems Evidence desk<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Exponential Technology<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/#nx-sec-routing\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See which desk takes what you have<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The routing table opens the contribution page: what you have, the desk that takes it, how each contribution is reviewed and credited, and the licence.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/nexus-reports\/editions\/xt-19\/full#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><p class=\"nx-note\" data-nr-rights=\"true\"><a class=\"nx-link\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> Free to read. Text and figures: CC BY 4.0. Data: CC0 1.0. Authors keep copyright. Published by GCRI Canada.<\/p><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-xt-19-full-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-xt-19-full-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-xt-19-full-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/urban-flood\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Urban flood<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/risk-science\/risk-information-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Risk information standards and interoperability<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/data\/identification-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Identification (the UNI)<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script><style>@media print { @page { margin: 20mm 17mm 20mm 17mm; @top-left { content: \"Nexus Reports\"; font: 500 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @top-right { content: \"Exponential Technology Report 2026: Earth Observation and Geospatial Intelligence \\0000b7  Baseline Edition 2026\"; font: 400 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Sans\", sans-serif; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-left { content: \"NR-XTECH-EOGEO-GLOBAL-2026-BASELINE \\0000b7  Draft, not released\"; font: 400 7pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-center { content: \"CC BY 4.0. 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