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class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><div class=\"nrp\"><div class=\"nrp-wrap\"><article class=\"nrp-flow\"><header class=\"nrp-hero\"><div class=\"nrp-hero-grid\"><div><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Baseline Edition 2026<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Complete edition<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 class=\"pp-hero-title nrp-hero-title-l\">France Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026<\/h1><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The State of France\u2019s Interdependent Systems<\/p><div class=\"nrp-actions\"><button class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" type=\"button\" data-nrp-act=\"print\" hidden><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 18H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><path d=\"M6 9V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6\"\/><rect x=\"6\" y=\"14\" width=\"12\" height=\"8\" rx=\"1\"\/><\/svg>Print or save as PDF<\/button><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19 12H5\"\/><path d=\"m12 19-7-7 7-7\"\/><\/svg>Edition home<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nrp-note nrp-noprint\">Choose A4 or Letter in the print dialog; running heads and page numbers are added in print. This is a review copy: the signed PDF with its DOI is issued at release.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nrp-cover\"><div class=\"nrp-cover-top\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FRA<\/span><\/div><span class=\"nrp-cover-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"nrp-cover-k\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-t\">France 2026<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-s\">The State of France\u2019s Interdependent Systems<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cover-foot\"><span>Baseline Edition 2026<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><span><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> for the Nexus Consortium<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block nrp-imprint\" aria-label=\"Imprint\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Imprint<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor, the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto<\/dd><dt>Report number<\/dt><dd class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026, cut NQ-FRA-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Status<\/dt><dd>Draft under stewardship review; not yet released<\/dd><dt>DOI and UNI<\/dt><dd>Issued at deposit<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>CC BY 4.0 for Nexus-authored text, tables and figures; third-party material keeps its own licence<\/dd><dt>Cite as<\/dt><dd>Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). France <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk and Resilience Report 2026: The State of France\u2019s Interdependent Systems (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" aria-label=\"Contents\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Contents<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">\u00b7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-part-summary\">Executive summary<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-part-coupled-system\">Chapter 1. France\u2019s risk is coupled, not cumulative<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-part-findings\">Chapter 2. Key findings<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-part-systems-and-sectors\">Chapter 3. Systems and sectors at baseline<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-part-risk-and-capability\">Chapter 4. Risks and capability<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-part-scenario\">Chapter 5. Hot, dry summer with low river flows<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-part-lenses-and-readings\">Chapter 6. Lenses and readings<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-part-agenda\">Chapter 7. The 2027 agenda<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">8<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-part-systems-in-depth\">Chapter 8. Systems in depth<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-part-methodology\">Annex A. Methodology<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-part-data\">Annex B. Data appendix<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-part-references\">Annex C. References and record<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-part-summary\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/\">France 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Executive summary<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Executive summary<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The edition on a few pages: the abstract, the key messages, the headline finding and what each steward reads in it.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>14 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.1<\/span><span>Abstract<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>France enters 2027 having cut its territorial emissions to 369 Mt CO\u2082e in 2024, 32% below 1990, but at a pace the High Council for the Climate judges too slow for the 2030 target of 270 Mt<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup>. Its electricity is about 95% low-carbon and the country exported a record volume of power in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>, yet the same nuclear fleet showed its exposure in 2022, when corrosion repairs and heat-limited cooling cut output to its lowest level since 1988<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup>. 2022 was the warmest year on record in metropolitan France<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>, and heat caused more than 3,700 deaths in summer 2024, three quarters of them among people aged 75 and over<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>. About 10.4 million detached houses are exposed to clay shrink-swell subsidence<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup> and 17.1 million residents to river flooding<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup>. France produces nearly a fifth of the EU\u2019s agricultural output<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup>, while farmland birds have declined by about 30% since 1989<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>. This Baseline Edition fixes the reference state for the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, maps the dependencies through which shocks travel, and sets the questions the first operational edition will answer in Q1 2027. It ranks nothing and decides nothing.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.2<\/span><span>Key messages<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The eight questions this edition answers, each with its status and source.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-km\"><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">369 Mt CO\u2082e in 2024, 32% below 1990, but falling about half as fast as the 2030 target needs.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Where do emissions stand?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">2022 was the warmest year on record in metropolitan France; the national adaptation plan now prepares for +4 \u00b0C by 2100.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Is the climate already changing?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">People aged 75 and over: about three quarters of the 3,700 heat deaths in summer 2024.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Who is most exposed to heat?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Nuclear output fell to its lowest since 1988 in 2022, when heat and low flows limited cooling.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How exposed is electricity to heat and drought?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">About 17.1 million residents are exposed to river flooding.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How large is flood exposure?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">About 10.4 million detached houses are exposed to clay shrink-swell subsidence.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What does drought do to houses?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Farmland birds have declined by about 30% since 1989.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How is nature faring?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">A hot, dry summer in which low river flows constrain nuclear cooling while heat, drought and fire load health, food and insurance. SCN-FRA-HDN-01<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What will Q1 2027 test first?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.3<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-ENE-004<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Nuclear output fell to 279 TWh in 2022, the lowest since 1988, as stress-corrosion repairs coincided with heat and low river flows that limited cooling; output recovered to about 362 TWh in 2024.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure S.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-fig1-t\">Nuclear electricity output (TWh)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">2021<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"99.7\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">\u2248361<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">2022<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"77.1\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">279<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">2024<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">\u2248362<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Sources: RTE Bilan \u00e9lectrique 2022 and 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figure><p class=\"nrp-p\">Nuclear provides about two-thirds of French electricity, so a hot, dry summer is an energy event as well as a water and health event. When reactors cut output, France imports at peak European prices and its neighbours lose an exporter<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.4<\/span><span>At a glance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">68.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>population, 1 January 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">369<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>emissions, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224895<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>low-carbon electricity, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224818<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of EU agricultural output<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">9.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">t CO\u2082e<\/span><p>carbon footprint per person, 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">17.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>residents exposed to river flooding<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.5<\/span><span>What each steward reads in it<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of French risk.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as a heatwave, a cracked wall or a water restriction.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. A national catastrophe regime under rising claims, a low-carbon grid exposed to cooling limits and a slowing emissions trend show where finance-readiness evidence will matter.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>France has a low-carbon power system and strong institutions, but its systems share the same summer rivers.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.6<\/span><span>What this edition is, and is not<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What this edition is<\/h3><p>A baseline: the state of France\u2019s water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in 2026, the dependencies between them, the risks that travel through them and the capabilities that hold them. It sets the questions the operational series will answer.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What it is not<\/h3><p>Not a national <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk assessment<\/a>, an official warning or a rating. It decides nothing about any ministry, regional or local authority, operator or company. Competent authorities in metropolitan France and the overseas territories keep every mandate they hold.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What comes next<\/h3><p>Q1 2027 opens the operational series with a sealed Foundry evidence cut. Each later edition reports what changed against this baseline, new observations, source revisions, method changes, scenario updates and corrections.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Citepa (ed.), Rapport Secten, Gaz \u00e0 effet de serre et polluants atmosph\u00e9riques : bilan des \u00e9missions en France de 1990 \u00e0 2024, \u00e9dition 2025. Citepa, Paris, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Haut Conseil pour le Climat (ed.), Rapport annuel 2025. HCC, Paris, July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique (ed.), Strat\u00e9gie nationale bas-carbone : projet de troisi\u00e8me strat\u00e9gie (SNBC-3). MTE, Paris, 2024\u20132025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>RTE (ed.), Bilan \u00e9lectrique 2024. RTE, Paris, February 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>RTE (ed.), Bilan \u00e9lectrique 2022. RTE, Paris, February 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France (ed.), Bilan climatique de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022 en France. M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France, Saint-Mand\u00e9, January 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Sant\u00e9 publique France (ed.), Chaleur et sant\u00e9 : bilan de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2024. Sant\u00e9 publique France, Saint-Maurice, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>CGDD (ed.), Retrait-gonflement des argiles : plus de 10 millions de maisons individuelles potentiellement tr\u00e8s expos\u00e9es. Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique, Paris, 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>CGDD (ed.), \u00c9valuation pr\u00e9liminaire des risques d\u2019inondation : exposition de la population aux inondations par d\u00e9bordement de cours d\u2019eau. Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique, Paris.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Eurostat (ed.), Economic accounts for agriculture: agricultural output by Member State, 2024. Eurostat, Luxembourg, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Observatoire national de la biodiversit\u00e9 (ed.), \u00ab \u00c9volution des populations d\u2019oiseaux communs sp\u00e9cialistes des milieux agricoles. \u00bb ONB\u2013OFB, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique (ed.), Troisi\u00e8me plan national d\u2019adaptation au changement climatique (PNACC-3). MTE, Paris, March 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique (ed.), Trajectoire de r\u00e9chauffement de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique (TRACC). MTE, Paris, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cs-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>INSEE (ed.), Bilan d\u00e9mographique 2024. INSEE, Paris, January 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-part-coupled-system\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/\">France 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 1<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">France\u2019s risk is coupled, not cumulative<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Part I describes systems and their couplings. It assesses no authority and ranks no region or territory.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>2 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>18 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.1<\/span><span>The questions this part answers<\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Key questions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Where is Canada\u2019s risk concentrated, and in which <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>?<\/li><li>Which couplings carry shocks from one system to the next?<\/li><li>Which capabilities hold under compound stress, and which are only documented?<\/li><li>What must the 2027 programme measure first?<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">In this part<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Narrative<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Headline finding<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Lead figure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Twelve-domain reading<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Sector screens<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Dependency matrix<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Risk objects<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Capability ladder<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Scenario<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Three lenses<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Portfolio<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.2<\/span><span>The argument<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>France usually meets its climate risks one at a time: a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">heatwave<\/a>, a drought, a flood, a fire season. This baseline reads them as one coupled system. 2022 was the warmest year on record in metropolitan France<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>; in the same year rivers ran low, more than 60,000 hectares burned<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup>, clay soils shrank under thousands of houses, and the nuclear fleet produced less electricity than in any year since 1988<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The forcing is now planned for, not only observed. The third national adaptation plan, adopted in 2025, prepares the country for a reference trajectory of about +4 \u00b0C by 2100 in metropolitan France<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>. The 2003 heatwave, which killed more than 70,000 people across Europe<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup>, remains the reference case: heat caused more than 3,700 deaths in summer 2024, three quarters of them among people aged 75 and over<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>Water couples the other <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> most directly. Agriculture accounts for about 58% of freshwater consumed and power-plant cooling for about 12%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>; in hot, dry summers both compete with drinking water for the same low flows. The 2023 Plan Eau sets a 10% cut in withdrawals by 2030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>. About 17.1 million residents are exposed to river flooding<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The energy system is low-carbon and water-dependent. Electricity was about 95% low-carbon in 2024, and power-sector emissions fell 26% as nuclear and hydro output recovered<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>. But most reactors are cooled by rivers or the sea, and heat limits on discharge temperatures can force output cuts just when demand for cooling rises. Total emissions fell only 1.8% in 2024, about half the pace the 2030 target needs<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>Losses fall on a shared national regime. Since 1982 the CatNat system has spread the cost of natural disasters across all property policyholders<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>. Drought subsidence of clay soils now threatens about 10.4 million detached houses<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup>, and natural-event claims reached about \u20ac10 billion in 2022, the highest since 1999<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup>. Overseas, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\">Cyclone<\/a> Chido devastated Mayotte in December 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>This edition therefore treats French risk as a property of couplings, between heat, rivers, reactors, harvests, houses and health, rather than a list of separate hazards. The matrix, risk objects, capability ladder and scenario that follow ask where a shock travels next and who holds the capability to stop it.<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-fig1-t\">Who consumes France\u2019s freshwater? Share of water consumed, by use (%)<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Agriculture consumes most freshwater, mainly in summer when river flows are lowest. Power plants withdraw large volumes for cooling but return most of them, warmer<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Agriculture<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">58<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Drinking water<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"44.8\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">26<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Power-plant cooling<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"20.7\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">12<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Industry<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"6.9\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">4<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: as cited in the note to this figure. Year recent.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Figure ID FIG-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-01-003<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>cut in withdrawals targeted by 2030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224895<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>low-carbon electricity, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2022<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">record<\/span><p>warmest year<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">17.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>residents exposed to river flooding<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.3<\/span><span>Twenty couplings between five systems<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The France matrix types the twenty couplings between the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events; they set the starting graph that the Q1 2027 Foundry cut will test.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-fig2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-fig2-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-fig2-t\">Couplings between the five systems<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Each line is one coupling from one system to another, drawn by the strength the edition assigns. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events.<\/p><\/figcaption><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-ring\" viewBox=\"0 0 340 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Coupling ring: 20 typed couplings between water, energy, food, health and biodiversity. The matrix in the next table carries every value.\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><ul class=\"nrp-legend\"><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"STRONG\"><\/span>Strong<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"MODERATE\"><\/span>Moderate<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"WEAK\"><\/span>Weak<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: this edition&#8217;s coupling matrix (Table 1.1); status Estimated.<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling matrix: from the row system to the column system<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">From, to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">WAT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">ENE<\/th><th scope=\"col\">FOO<\/th><th scope=\"col\">HLT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">BIO<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><b>WAT<\/b> Water<\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">nuclear cooling \u00b7 hydro<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">irrigation \u00b7 rain-fed yield<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">drinking water<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>ENE<\/b> Energy<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pumping \u00b7 treatment<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fuel \u00b7 fertiliser \u00b7 cold chain<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">facility power \u00b7 cooling<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">reservoirs \u00b7 land use<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>FOO<\/b> Food<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">withdrawals \u00b7 nutrients<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">biofuel feedstock<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">nutrition \u00b7 food safety<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">land conversion<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>HLT<\/b> Health<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">labour \u00b7 disease<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">residues<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>BIO<\/b> Biodiversity<\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fire on lines \u00b7 biomass<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pollination \u00b7 soils<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">zoonoses \u00b7 smoke<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"6\">Strength: strong, moderate or weak; a Nexus estimate (status Estimated) from cited evidence and analogue events. The scale is defined in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Transmission paths<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 ENE<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Heat and low flows force nuclear output cuts.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> summer 2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Heatwaves raise deaths among older people.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> summers 2023\u20132024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Drought shrinks clay soils, cracks houses and raises CatNat claims.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> 2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">WAT \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Drought and irrigation limits cut harvests.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> 2022<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 BIO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Wildfire<\/a> spreads to regions once spared.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> 2022 fires<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.4<\/span><span>Reinforcing loops<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A shock entering either system of a loop can return amplified through the other.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Pairs of systems where both directions are rated strong<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Loop<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First direction<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Second direction<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Water to biodiversity: flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/td><td>Biodiversity to water: regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Food to biodiversity: land conversion<\/td><td>Biodiversity to food: pollination \u00b7 soils<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"3\">A causal-loop reading of the matrix (Sterman, Business Dynamics, 2000): structural, from estimated strengths, not a measured feedback.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France (ed.), Bilan climatique de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022 en France. M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France, Saint-Mand\u00e9, January 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>J. San-Miguel-Ayanz et al. (eds.), Forest Fires in Europe, Middle East and North Africa 2022. Joint Research Centre, Ispra, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>RTE (ed.), Bilan \u00e9lectrique 2022. RTE, Paris, February 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique (ed.), Troisi\u00e8me plan national d\u2019adaptation au changement climatique (PNACC-3). MTE, Paris, March 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique (ed.), Trajectoire de r\u00e9chauffement de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique (TRACC). MTE, Paris, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>J.-M. Robine, S. L. K. Cheung, S. Le Roy et al., \u201cDeath toll exceeded 70,000 in Europe during the summer of 2003,\u201d Comptes Rendus Biologies, vol. 331, pp. 171\u2013178, 2008.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Sant\u00e9 publique France (ed.), Chaleur et sant\u00e9 : bilan de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2024. Sant\u00e9 publique France, Saint-Maurice, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>SDES (ed.), L\u2019environnement en France : pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements et consommations d\u2019eau. Service des donn\u00e9es et \u00e9tudes statistiques, Paris, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Gouvernement (ed.), Plan d\u2019action pour une gestion r\u00e9siliente et concert\u00e9e de l\u2019eau (Plan Eau). Paris, March 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>CGDD (ed.), \u00c9valuation pr\u00e9liminaire des risques d\u2019inondation : exposition de la population aux inondations par d\u00e9bordement de cours d\u2019eau. Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique, Paris.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Citepa (ed.), Rapport Secten, Gaz \u00e0 effet de serre et polluants atmosph\u00e9riques : bilan des \u00e9missions en France de 1990 \u00e0 2024, \u00e9dition 2025. Citepa, Paris, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>RTE (ed.), Bilan \u00e9lectrique 2024. RTE, Paris, February 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Haut Conseil pour le Climat (ed.), Rapport annuel 2025. HCC, Paris, July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Parlement (ed.), Loi n\u00b0 82-600 du 13 juillet 1982 relative \u00e0 l\u2019indemnisation des victimes de catastrophes naturelles. Journal officiel, Paris, 1982.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>CGDD (ed.), Retrait-gonflement des argiles : plus de 10 millions de maisons individuelles potentiellement tr\u00e8s expos\u00e9es. Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique, Paris, 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>France Assureurs (ed.), Bilan des catastrophes naturelles et des \u00e9v\u00e9nements climatiques 2022. France Assureurs, Paris, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Gouvernement (ed.), \u00ab <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\">Cyclone<\/a> Chido \u00e0 Mayotte \u00bb : communiqu\u00e9s et bilan, December 2024 \u2013 January 2025. Paris.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c1-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Sant\u00e9 publique France (ed.), Heat Waves and Health. Public Health Bulletin: A Review of Summer 2023. Sant\u00e9 publique France, Saint-Maurice, February 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-part-findings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/\">France 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 2<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Key findings<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Twelve findings carry the baseline. They are grouped by system, never ranked. Each resolves to its source or, where Nexus analysis is involved, to its stated method.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>3 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>14 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.1<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-ENE-004\">NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-ENE-004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Nuclear output fell to 279 TWh in 2022, the lowest since 1988, as stress-corrosion repairs coincided with heat and low river flows that limited cooling; output recovered to about 362 TWh in 2024.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 2.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-fig1-t\">Nuclear electricity output (TWh)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">2021<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"99.7\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">\u2248361<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">2022<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"77.1\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">279<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">2024<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">\u2248362<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Sources: RTE Bilan \u00e9lectrique 2022 and 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figure><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Implication<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">Nuclear provides about two-thirds of French electricity, so a hot, dry summer is an energy event as well as a water and health event. When reactors cut output, France imports at peak European prices and its neighbours lose an exporter<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What would move it<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">River temperatures and flows on the Rh\u00f4ne, Loire and Garonne each summer, the scheduling of reactor maintenance, and summer import volumes would each move this finding.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.2<\/span><span>Climate forcing<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\">NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Territorial emissions were 369 Mt CO\u2082e in 2024, 1.8% below 2023 and 32% below 1990.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002\">NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Meeting the 2030 target of 270 Mt requires cuts of about 15 Mt a year; the 2024 cut was about 7 Mt.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003\">NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-CLI-003<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">2022 was the warmest year on record in metropolitan France.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.3<\/span><span>Energy<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-ENE-004\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-ENE-004\">NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-ENE-004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Nuclear output fell to 279 TWh in 2022, the lowest since 1988, as corrosion repairs and heat-limited cooling coincided.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-ENE-005\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-ENE-005\">NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-ENE-005<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Electricity was about 95% low-carbon in 2024; power-sector emissions fell 26% as nuclear and hydro output recovered.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.4<\/span><span>Health<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-HLT-006\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-HLT-006\">NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-HLT-006<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Heat caused more than 3,700 deaths in summer 2024; about three quarters were among people aged 75 and over.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.5<\/span><span>Food<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-FOO-007\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-FOO-007\">NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-FOO-007<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">France produces about 18% of the EU\u2019s agricultural output, the largest share of any member state.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.6<\/span><span>Water<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-WAT-008\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-WAT-008\">NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-WAT-008<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Agriculture accounts for about 58% of freshwater consumed; the Plan Eau targets a 10% cut in withdrawals by 2030.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.7<\/span><span>Finance<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-FIN-009\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-FIN-009\">NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-FIN-009<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">About 10.4 million detached houses are exposed to clay shrink-swell subsidence, a leading cost of the CatNat regime.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-FIN-010\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-FIN-010\">NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-FIN-010<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Natural-event insurance claims reached about \u20ac10 billion in 2022, the highest since 1999.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.8<\/span><span>Biodiversity<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-BIO-011\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-BIO-011\">NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-BIO-011<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Farmland bird populations have declined by about 30% since 1989.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.9<\/span><span>Systemic<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\">NRF-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The leading compound pathway for 2027 testing is a hot, dry summer in which low river flows constrain nuclear cooling while heat, drought, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> and clay subsidence load health, food and insurance. \u00a79.3<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>RTE (ed.), Bilan \u00e9lectrique 2022. RTE, Paris, February 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>RTE (ed.), Bilan \u00e9lectrique 2024. RTE, Paris, February 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Citepa (ed.), Rapport Secten, Gaz \u00e0 effet de serre et polluants atmosph\u00e9riques : bilan des \u00e9missions en France de 1990 \u00e0 2024, \u00e9dition 2025. Citepa, Paris, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Haut Conseil pour le Climat (ed.), Rapport annuel 2025. HCC, Paris, July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique (ed.), Strat\u00e9gie nationale bas-carbone : projet de troisi\u00e8me strat\u00e9gie (SNBC-3). MTE, Paris, 2024\u20132025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France (ed.), Bilan climatique de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022 en France. M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France, Saint-Mand\u00e9, January 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Sant\u00e9 publique France (ed.), Chaleur et sant\u00e9 : bilan de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2024. Sant\u00e9 publique France, Saint-Maurice, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Eurostat (ed.), Economic accounts for agriculture: agricultural output by Member State, 2024. Eurostat, Luxembourg, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Gouvernement (ed.), Plan d\u2019action pour une gestion r\u00e9siliente et concert\u00e9e de l\u2019eau (Plan Eau). Paris, March 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>SDES (ed.), L\u2019environnement en France : pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements et consommations d\u2019eau. Service des donn\u00e9es et \u00e9tudes statistiques, Paris, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Caisse centrale de r\u00e9assurance (ed.), Les catastrophes naturelles en France : bilan 1982\u20132023. CCR, Paris, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>CGDD (ed.), Retrait-gonflement des argiles : plus de 10 millions de maisons individuelles potentiellement tr\u00e8s expos\u00e9es. Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique, Paris, 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>France Assureurs (ed.), Bilan des catastrophes naturelles et des \u00e9v\u00e9nements climatiques 2022. France Assureurs, Paris, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c2-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Observatoire national de la biodiversit\u00e9 (ed.), \u00ab \u00c9volution des populations d\u2019oiseaux communs sp\u00e9cialistes des milieux agricoles. \u00bb ONB\u2013OFB, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c2-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-part-systems-and-sectors\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/\">France 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 3<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems and sectors at baseline<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>4 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>15 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.1<\/span><span>Where each system stood at evidence close<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WAT \u00b7 Water<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Share of freshwater consumed by agriculture<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224858<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>drinking water about 26% and power-plant cooling about 12% of consumption.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>recent<\/span><span>SDES<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">ENE \u00b7 Energy<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Low-carbon share of electricity<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224895<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>nuclear about two-thirds; record net exports in 2024.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>RTE<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FOO \u00b7 Food<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Share of EU agricultural output<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224818<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>the largest of any member state.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>Eurostat<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HLT \u00b7 Health<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Heat-attributable deaths, summer<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">3,700+<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">deaths<\/span><p>about three quarters among people aged 75 and over.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>SpF<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">BIO \u00b7 Biodiversity<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Change in farmland bird populations<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u2248\u221230<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>since 1989, the clearest long-run signal of pressure on farmland ecosystems.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>1989\u20132023<\/span><span>ONB<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SYS \u00b7 Cross-system<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Natural-event insurance claims<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224810<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">\u20ac bn<\/span><p>in 2022, the highest since 1999, driven by hail, drought and storms.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2022<\/span><span>France Assureurs<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.2<\/span><span>Domain posture<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each of the twelve coupled domains is read in words, not scored. The coupling column names the dependency that carries risk into other <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Each domain read in words, not scored<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Domain<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Posture at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT<\/span><\/td><td>Low summer flows shared by irrigation, cooling and drinking water; 17.1 million residents exposed to river flooding.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT \u2192 ENE \u00b7 WAT \u2192 FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE<\/span><\/td><td>About 95% low-carbon electricity; nuclear output exposed to heat and low flows.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE \u2190 WAT \u00b7 ENE \u2192 HLT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO<\/span><\/td><td>The EU\u2019s largest agricultural producer; harvests cut in hot, dry years.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO \u2190 WAT, CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT<\/span><\/td><td>More than 3,700 heat deaths in summer 2024; older people most exposed.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT \u2190 CLI, ENE<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Farmland birds down about 30% since 1989; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> reaching new regions.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO \u2192 FOO pollination<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CLI<\/span><\/td><td>2022 the warmest year on record; planning for +4 \u00b0C by 2100.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">forcing on all five systems<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF<\/span><\/td><td>Rail, roads and networks exposed to heat, floods and clay movement.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2190 CLI, WAT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN<\/span><\/td><td>CatNat regime since 1982; claims rising with drought subsidence.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN \u2190 CLI \u00b7 FIN \u2192 households<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT<\/span><\/td><td>Data-centre growth near major cities adds grid and cooling demand.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT \u2190 ENE, WAT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC<\/span><\/td><td>Low-carbon power attracts compute; national figures not consolidated.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC \u2192 ENE<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN<\/span><\/td><td>Import reliance for transition minerals.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN \u2192 ENE transition<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD<\/span><\/td><td>Electricity exports and food exports link France to its neighbours.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD \u2194 ENE, FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.3<\/span><span>Sector screens<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">All sixteen sectors are screened on the same grammar, so that later editions can say what changed. The evidence column describes coverage of the baseline evidence, not the performance of the sector.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Sectors: baseline evidence and the exposure to watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Code<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Sector<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Exposure to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-00<\/span><\/td><td>Cross-system<\/td><td>coupled heat\u2013drought\u2013energy summers<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>compound hot, dry summers<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-01<\/span><\/td><td>Water<\/td><td>low flows shared by three uses<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>drought; floods<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-02<\/span><\/td><td>Energy<\/td><td>about 95% low-carbon power<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>cooling limits in heat<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-03<\/span><\/td><td>Food<\/td><td>largest EU agricultural producer<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>drought and heat on harvests<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-04<\/span><\/td><td>Health<\/td><td>3,700+ heat deaths, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat among older people<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-05<\/span><\/td><td>Finance<\/td><td>CatNat regime<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>subsidence and flood claims<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-06<\/span><\/td><td>Development<\/td><td>overseas service gaps<\/td><td>cyclones and water supply<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-07<\/span><\/td><td>Climate<\/td><td>warmest year 2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat, drought, Mediterranean storms<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-08<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\">Cyclone<\/a> Chido, Mayotte, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>overseas and metropolitan extremes<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-09<\/span><\/td><td>Infrastructure<\/td><td>networks exposed to heat and clay movement<\/td><td>rail and road disruption<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-10<\/span><\/td><td>Cities<\/td><td>urban heat islands<\/td><td>heat in dense cities<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-11<\/span><\/td><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>farmland birds \u221230%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.biodiversity-loss\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Decline in the variety and abundance of species and habitats that weakens services such as pollination, fisheries and soil formation.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\">habitat loss<\/a>; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a><\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-12<\/span><\/td><td>Earth observation<\/td><td>strong national and European monitoring<\/td><td>data integration<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-13<\/span><\/td><td>Cyber and digital<\/td><td>data-centre growth<\/td><td>outages and attacks<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-14<\/span><\/td><td>Policy<\/td><td>climate, energy and adaptation laws<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>implementation pace<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-15<\/span><\/td><td>Science<\/td><td>deep research base<\/td><td>translation into operations<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>SDES (ed.), L\u2019environnement en France : pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements et consommations d\u2019eau. Service des donn\u00e9es et \u00e9tudes statistiques, Paris, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>RTE (ed.), Bilan \u00e9lectrique 2024. RTE, Paris, February 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Eurostat (ed.), Economic accounts for agriculture: agricultural output by Member State, 2024. Eurostat, Luxembourg, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Sant\u00e9 publique France (ed.), Chaleur et sant\u00e9 : bilan de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2024. Sant\u00e9 publique France, Saint-Maurice, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Observatoire national de la biodiversit\u00e9 (ed.), \u00ab \u00c9volution des populations d\u2019oiseaux communs sp\u00e9cialistes des milieux agricoles. \u00bb ONB\u2013OFB, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>France Assureurs (ed.), Bilan des catastrophes naturelles et des \u00e9v\u00e9nements climatiques 2022. France Assureurs, Paris, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France (ed.), Bilan climatique de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022 en France. M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France, Saint-Mand\u00e9, January 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>RTE (ed.), Bilan \u00e9lectrique 2022. RTE, Paris, February 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Caisse centrale de r\u00e9assurance (ed.), Les catastrophes naturelles en France : bilan 1982\u20132023. CCR, Paris, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Parlement (ed.), Loi n\u00b0 82-600 du 13 juillet 1982 relative \u00e0 l\u2019indemnisation des victimes de catastrophes naturelles. Journal officiel, Paris, 1982.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Gouvernement (ed.), \u00ab <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\">Cyclone<\/a> Chido \u00e0 Mayotte \u00bb : communiqu\u00e9s et bilan, December 2024 \u2013 January 2025. Paris.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique (ed.), Troisi\u00e8me plan national d\u2019adaptation au changement climatique (PNACC-3). MTE, Paris, March 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Parlement (ed.), Loi n\u00b0 2021-1104 du 22 ao\u00fbt 2021 portant lutte contre le d\u00e9r\u00e8glement climatique et renforcement de la r\u00e9silience face \u00e0 ses effets. Journal officiel, Paris, 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Parlement (ed.), Loi n\u00b0 2019-1147 du 8 novembre 2019 relative \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9nergie et au climat. Journal officiel, Paris, 2019.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c3-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Haut Conseil pour le Climat (ed.), Rapport annuel 2025. HCC, Paris, July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c3-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-part-risk-and-capability\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/\">France 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 4<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Risks and capability<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Four risk objects open the portfolio. Order carries no rank. Each is read across driver, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, cascade and consequence.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>3 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>9 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.1<\/span><span>Risk objects<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each risk is read across the chain from hazard to consequence, with its status and evidence-quality level.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-FRA-CLI-001<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Extreme heat<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>heatwaves above 40 \u00b0C; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.hot-nights\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"Nights that stay hot enough to prevent the body recovering from daytime heat, raising deaths among older and sick people and in poorly ventilated homes.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">tropical nights<\/a><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>people aged 75 and over; dense cities<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>isolation; housing without cooling<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>heat-health alerts; national <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">heatwave<\/a> plan<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 HLT \u00b7 CLI \u2192 ENE cooling demand<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>seasonal<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-FRA-WAT-002<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Drought and low river flows<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>dry winters; hot summers<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>nuclear cooling, irrigation, drinking water<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>three uses sharing the same low flows<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>water restrictions; Plan Eau<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c4-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>WAT \u2192 ENE, FOO, HLT<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>seasonal \u00b7 5 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-FRA-FIN-003<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Clay shrink-swell subsidence<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>repeated droughts drying clay soils<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>10.4 million detached houses<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c4-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>shallow foundations<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>CatNat cover<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c4-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>; building standards<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 FIN \u2192 households<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1\u201310 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-FRA-CLI-004<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">River and Mediterranean flash flooding<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>intense autumn storms; river floods<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>17.1 million residents<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c4-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>building in flood-prone areas<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>flood forecasting; risk-prevention plans<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 INF, HLT, FIN<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>annual<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.2<\/span><span>Capability ladder<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Existence is not readiness. Each of the fifteen capability functions is placed on the ladder by the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 4.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Capabilities on the ladder of evidence: listed, exists, demonstrated, tested<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Function<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rung<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Level<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Strongest public evidence at baseline<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Prevention and mitigation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>risk-prevention plans and land-use rules; adaptation pace questioned<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c4-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoring and observation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>DEMONSTRATED<\/td><td>M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France and national monitoring in continuous use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>DEMONSTRATED<\/td><td>weather, flood and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">heatwave<\/a> vigilance in real events<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preparedness and planning<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>third national adaptation plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c4-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>; reference warming trajectory<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c4-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Redundancy and reserves<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>interconnected grid; limited water storage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Response<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>DEMONSTRATED<\/td><td>civil-protection response to fires, floods and cyclones<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Continuity of critical services<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>energy and water continuity plans; 2022 showed cooling limits<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c4-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recovery<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>CatNat compensation since 1982<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c4-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adaptation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>PNACC-3 measures adopted in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c4-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Social protection<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>social support and heatwave registers for isolated people<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance and insurance<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>DEMONSTRATED<\/td><td>CatNat regime paying claims in real events<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c4-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Institutional coordination<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>State, regional and local crisis structures<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Technical infrastructure<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>networks exposed to heat and ground movement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Workforce<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>health and care workforce pressures documented<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Research capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>ADEQUATE<\/td><td>strong climate, energy and agronomic science<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"4\">A capability listed in policy is not a tested one; each rung is the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Gouvernement (ed.), Plan d\u2019action pour une gestion r\u00e9siliente et concert\u00e9e de l\u2019eau (Plan Eau). Paris, March 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c4-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>CGDD (ed.), Retrait-gonflement des argiles : plus de 10 millions de maisons individuelles potentiellement tr\u00e8s expos\u00e9es. Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique, Paris, 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c4-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Parlement (ed.), Loi n\u00b0 82-600 du 13 juillet 1982 relative \u00e0 l\u2019indemnisation des victimes de catastrophes naturelles. Journal officiel, Paris, 1982.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c4-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>CGDD (ed.), \u00c9valuation pr\u00e9liminaire des risques d\u2019inondation : exposition de la population aux inondations par d\u00e9bordement de cours d\u2019eau. Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique, Paris.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c4-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Haut Conseil pour le Climat (ed.), Rapport annuel 2025. HCC, Paris, July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c4-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique (ed.), Troisi\u00e8me plan national d\u2019adaptation au changement climatique (PNACC-3). MTE, Paris, March 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c4-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique (ed.), Trajectoire de r\u00e9chauffement de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique (TRACC). MTE, Paris, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c4-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>RTE (ed.), Bilan \u00e9lectrique 2022. RTE, Paris, February 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c4-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c4-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Caisse centrale de r\u00e9assurance (ed.), Les catastrophes naturelles en France : bilan 1982\u20132023. CCR, Paris, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c4-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-part-scenario\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/\">France 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 5<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Hot, dry summer with low river flows<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">A conditional statement under stated assumptions, never a prediction.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>2 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>6 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.1<\/span><span>Assumptions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Scenario SCN-FRA-HDN-01: what is assumed, and what is held constant.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Baseline<\/dt><dd>the 2026 reference state in this edition<\/dd><dt>Drivers<\/dt><dd>a dry winter and spring; repeated heatwaves above 40 \u00b0C in July and August; low flows on the Rh\u00f4ne, Loire and Garonne<\/dd><dt>Analogues<\/dt><dd>summers 2003<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c5-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup>, 2019 and 2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c5-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c5-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Interventions<\/dt><dd>none modelled, the specification describes the unmitigated case<\/dd><dt>Run state<\/dt><dd>narrative specification; quantified Foundry run scheduled for Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.2<\/span><span>The cascade, step by step<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">low rainfall and heat cut river flows<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2022<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">WAT \u2192 ENE<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">reactors cut output to respect discharge-temperature limits<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c5-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">heat deaths among older people rise<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2003 \u00b7 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c5-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">WAT \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">irrigation restrictions and heat cut harvests<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2022<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 BIO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">wildfires in the south-west and beyond<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c5-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">WAT \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">clay subsidence claims rise under CatNat<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c5-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.3<\/span><span>The scenario as a table of steps<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">How the shock in scenario SCN-FRA-HDN-01 would travel through France&#8217;s coupled <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, step by step, under the assumptions the edition states.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Climate to water<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Low rainfall and heat cut river flows. Analogue or source: 2022.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition FRA, scenario SCN-FRA-HDN-01, step 1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 Water to energy<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Reactors cut output to respect discharge-temperature limits. Analogue or source: 2022 [25].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition FRA, scenario SCN-FRA-HDN-01, step 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 Climate to health<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Heat deaths among older people rise. Analogue or source: 2003 \u00b7 2024 [4].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition FRA, scenario SCN-FRA-HDN-01, step 3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 Water to food<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Irrigation restrictions and heat cut harvests. Analogue or source: 2022.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition FRA, scenario SCN-FRA-HDN-01, step 4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 Climate to biodiversity<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Wildfires in the south-west and beyond. Analogue or source: 2022 [20].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition FRA, scenario SCN-FRA-HDN-01, step 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Water to finance<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Clay subsidence claims rise under CatNat. Analogue or source: 2022 [13].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition FRA, scenario SCN-FRA-HDN-01, step 6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of a conditional scenario under the edition&#8217;s stated assumptions: not a forecast, not a prediction and not a warning. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/scenario\/\" rel=\"noopener\">France 2026, scenario SCN-FRA-HDN-01<\/a> (2026); France 2026, references (NR-CIT-1) (2026).<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>J.-M. Robine, S. L. K. Cheung, S. Le Roy et al., \u201cDeath toll exceeded 70,000 in Europe during the summer of 2003,\u201d Comptes Rendus Biologies, vol. 331, pp. 171\u2013178, 2008.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c5-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France (ed.), Bilan climatique de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022 en France. M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France, Saint-Mand\u00e9, January 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c5-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>RTE (ed.), Bilan \u00e9lectrique 2022. RTE, Paris, February 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c5-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Sant\u00e9 publique France (ed.), Chaleur et sant\u00e9 : bilan de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2024. Sant\u00e9 publique France, Saint-Maurice, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c5-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>J. San-Miguel-Ayanz et al. (eds.), Forest Fires in Europe, Middle East and North Africa 2022. Joint Research Centre, Ispra, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c5-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c5-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>France Assureurs (ed.), Bilan des catastrophes naturelles et des \u00e9v\u00e9nements climatiques 2022. France Assureurs, Paris, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c5-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-part-lenses-and-readings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/\">France 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 6<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Lenses and readings<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The baseline is read through each steward\u2019s lens, then once as a whole. Each lens is a projection of reviewed findings, not a separate argument.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>9 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>6 tables<\/span><span>30 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.1<\/span><span>Three lenses<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">One edition, read by each steward. The lens of this site comes first.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\" data-host=\"true\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of French risk. Heat, drought and low flows already constrain electricity, harvests and health; flood and subsidence losses fall on a shared insurance regime. Evidence is strongest for emissions, heat mortality and power output, and weakest for overseas exposure and cross-system dependencies.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-001 \u00b7 ENE-004 \u00b7 HLT-006 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRF \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as a heatwave, a cracked wall or a water restriction. The baseline asks that these be read as one system, and that public debate weigh how the CatNat regime shares costs as claims rise.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">HLT-006 \u00b7 FIN-009 \u00b7 WAT-008<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRA \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. A national catastrophe regime under rising claims<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>, a low-carbon grid exposed to cooling limits<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup> and a slowing emissions trend<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup> show where finance-readiness evidence will matter. Nothing here is advice, a rating or an approval.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">FIN-009 \u00b7 FIN-010 \u00b7 ENE-004<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>France has a low-carbon power system and strong institutions, but its systems share the same summer rivers. The 2027 programme should test the hot, dry summer pathway, measure CatNat exposure by peril and region, and map water allocation in the main basins.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">SYS-012 \u00b7 A-01 \u00b7 A-02 \u00b7 A-03<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.2<\/span><span>GCRI reading: the model card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-p\">GCRI&#8217;s reading of this edition is its model card: what the national model is, what it computes and where it stops. It is printed in full in Annex A, with the methods it belongs to. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/methodology\/\">Annex A, methodology<\/a><\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.3<\/span><span>Global Risks Forum reading: editorial essays<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Four signed essays by the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> editorial team set out the positions this edition takes. They are interpretation, labelled as such; the evidence they draw on is in the findings register.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">In a hot, dry summer the same low river must cool reactors, irrigate crops and supply drinking water. France has planned each use separately; the 2022 summer showed they are one allocation problem, decided by the flow that remains in August.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 01<\/h3><p>One river, three demands<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Three quarters of heat deaths in 2024 were among people aged 75 and over. As the population ages and summers warm, heat becomes as much a question of care, isolation and housing as of meteorology.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 02<\/h3><p>Heat is a question of age<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Since 1982 the CatNat regime has spread disaster costs across all policyholders. Drought subsidence, now threatening millions of houses, tests whether a shared regime can carry a slow, recurrent and growing peril.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 03<\/h3><p>Solidarity under strain<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">France\u2019s electricity is among the cleanest in Europe. Its exposure is different, not absent: cooling water, heat and drought now sit beside fuel and demand as the variables of supply security.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 04<\/h3><p>Low-carbon is not the same as weatherproof<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Essays are signed views of the editorial team. Contributed articles from working groups, consortium institutions and invited experts begin with the Q1 2027 edition, each with its own review route and disclosures.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.4<\/span><span>Global Risks Alliance reading: q1 2027 readiness pack<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The registers that open the first operational quarter. At baseline each is initialised from this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Q1 2027 readiness pack<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Register<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First Q1 2027 entry<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>E1<\/td><td>National risk state delta<\/td><td>baseline set by this edition<\/td><td>changes against the baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E2<\/td><td>WEFH+B state delta<\/td><td>five system readings set<\/td><td>indicator updates and freshness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E3<\/td><td>Agenda and Portfolio movement<\/td><td>eight agenda items \u00b7 six proposed objects<\/td><td>admission decisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E4<\/td><td>NWG delivery register<\/td><td>no groups yet<\/td><td>first monthly outputs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E5<\/td><td>NNC capability register<\/td><td>membership opens in Q1 2027<\/td><td>first contributions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E6<\/td><td>NLC questions and challenges<\/td><td>none yet<\/td><td>first challenge log<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E7<\/td><td>Foundry technical state<\/td><td>environment prepared<\/td><td>first sealed cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E8<\/td><td>Publication candidates<\/td><td>twelve findings carried forward<\/td><td>PUBLISH \u00b7 HOLD dispositions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E9<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> readiness<\/td><td>one candidate mission<\/td><td>admission and role spine<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E10<\/td><td>Correction register<\/td><td>none<\/td><td>first correction cycle<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication dispositions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Publish<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hold<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Needs evidence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Restricted<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Superseded<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Programme progress is not real-world risk improvement. These registers record the work of the Nexus programme; they report on no public authority.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.5<\/span><span>Nexus Standards reading: standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Instruments that shape the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in this edition, by status on the retrieval date. The edition assesses no one\u2019s compliance.<\/p><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">IN FORCE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ADOPTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">PUBLISHED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">IN CONSULTATION<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instrument<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Scope<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Relevance<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>European Climate Law, Regulation (EU) 2021\/1119<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>EU<\/td><td>EU<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>\u221255% by 2030; neutrality by 2050<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy and Climate Law 2019<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Parliament<\/td><td>France<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>carbon neutrality 2050<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate and Resilience Law 2021<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Parliament<\/td><td>France<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>adaptation, land use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CatNat Law 1982<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Parliament<\/td><td>France<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>disaster compensation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Third national adaptation plan, PNACC-3<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Government<\/td><td>France<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2025<\/td><td>adaptation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reference warming trajectory, TRACC<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Government<\/td><td>France<\/td><td>PUBLISHED 2024<\/td><td>+4 \u00b0C by 2100 planning<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Plan Eau<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Government<\/td><td>France<\/td><td>PUBLISHED 2023<\/td><td>\u221210% withdrawals by 2030<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Third low-carbon strategy, SNBC-3<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Government<\/td><td>France<\/td><td>IN CONSULTATION<\/td><td>emissions pathway<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Changed since 2024<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>PNACC-3 was adopted in March 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The reference warming trajectory set planning at +4 \u00b0C by 2100<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Power-sector emissions fell 26% in 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">To watch in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Adoption of SNBC-3 and the energy programming law<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Reform of CatNat financing<\/li><li>Progress on the Plan Eau withdrawal target<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Status is read from the issuing body on the retrieval date. A change in status opens a review task for every finding that relies on the instrument.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.6<\/span><span>Risk Academy reading: literature and evidence review, science and assessments<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The review behind this edition covers statutory assessments, peer-reviewed science and the institutional reports that bind its findings. Systematic reviews for each agenda item begin in Q1 2027.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Review protocol<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Question<\/dt><dd>What does the published evidence establish about France\u2019s coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity risks?<\/dd><dt>Sources searched<\/dt><dd>peer-reviewed literature; statutory plans and assessments; official statistics; agency and insurance data<\/dd><dt>Window<\/dt><dd>releases available at evidence close, 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Selection<\/dt><dd>sources that bind or contextualise a finding in this edition<\/dd><dt>Next step<\/dt><dd>systematic reviews for agenda items A-01 to A-05 in Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Assessments and peer-reviewed science<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>High Council for the Climate<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>independent council<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>emissions pace<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PNACC-3<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>government<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>adaptation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>TRACC<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>government<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>warming trajectory<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Robine et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2008<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>2003 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">heatwave<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lee and Romero (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>global forcing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zscheischler et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>compound events<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>McElwee et al. (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>nexus interlinkages<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Institutional reports<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Climate review 2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>warmest year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat and health 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Sant\u00e9 publique France<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>heat deaths<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forest fires 2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>JRC<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Official statistics and agency data<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Secten 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Citepa<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>emissions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity reviews<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>RTE<\/td><td>2023\u201325<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>power output<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>SDES<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>water use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>INSEE<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Clay exposure<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CGDD<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>subsidence<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Flood exposure<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CGDD<\/td><td>recent<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>flood risk<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Agricultural accounts<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Eurostat \u00b7 Agreste<\/td><td>2024\u201325<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>food<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Insurance, nature and losses<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Natural-event claims 2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>France Assureurs<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>claims<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CatNat review 1982\u20132023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CCR<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>CatNat regime<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Farmland birds<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ONB<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>biodiversity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Red List<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UICN France \u00b7 OFB \u00b7 MNHN<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>species at risk<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Catastrophe figures<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Munich Re<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>European losses<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where the evidence agrees<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Heat is the deadliest climate hazard in France<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Emissions are falling too slowly for 2030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Water stress is rising in summer<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where it is unsettled<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>How often heat and low flows will limit nuclear output<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How the CatNat regime will be financed as claims rise<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How fast <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> risk will spread north and west<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEWS AND PREPRINTS<\/p><p>No news report or preprint binds a finding in this edition. News is used only to date events.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Caisse centrale de r\u00e9assurance (ed.), Les catastrophes naturelles en France : bilan 1982\u20132023. CCR, Paris, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>RTE (ed.), Bilan \u00e9lectrique 2022. RTE, Paris, February 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Haut Conseil pour le Climat (ed.), Rapport annuel 2025. HCC, Paris, July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>European Parliament and Council of the European Union (eds.), Regulation (EU) 2021\/1119 establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality (European Climate Law). Official Journal L 243, 9 July 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Parlement (ed.), Loi n\u00b0 2019-1147 du 8 novembre 2019 relative \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9nergie et au climat. Journal officiel, Paris, 2019.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Parlement (ed.), Loi n\u00b0 2021-1104 du 22 ao\u00fbt 2021 portant lutte contre le d\u00e9r\u00e8glement climatique et renforcement de la r\u00e9silience face \u00e0 ses effets. Journal officiel, Paris, 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Parlement (ed.), Loi n\u00b0 82-600 du 13 juillet 1982 relative \u00e0 l\u2019indemnisation des victimes de catastrophes naturelles. Journal officiel, Paris, 1982.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique (ed.), Troisi\u00e8me plan national d\u2019adaptation au changement climatique (PNACC-3). MTE, Paris, March 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique (ed.), Trajectoire de r\u00e9chauffement de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique (TRACC). MTE, Paris, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Gouvernement (ed.), Plan d\u2019action pour une gestion r\u00e9siliente et concert\u00e9e de l\u2019eau (Plan Eau). Paris, March 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique (ed.), Strat\u00e9gie nationale bas-carbone : projet de troisi\u00e8me strat\u00e9gie (SNBC-3). MTE, Paris, 2024\u20132025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Citepa (ed.), Rapport Secten, Gaz \u00e0 effet de serre et polluants atmosph\u00e9riques : bilan des \u00e9missions en France de 1990 \u00e0 2024, \u00e9dition 2025. Citepa, Paris, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>J.-M. Robine, S. L. K. Cheung, S. Le Roy et al., \u201cDeath toll exceeded 70,000 in Europe during the summer of 2003,\u201d Comptes Rendus Biologies, vol. 331, pp. 171\u2013178, 2008.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> 2023: Synthesis Report. IPCC, Geneva, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.13850054\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France (ed.), Bilan climatique de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022 en France. M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France, Saint-Mand\u00e9, January 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Sant\u00e9 publique France (ed.), Chaleur et sant\u00e9 : bilan de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2024. Sant\u00e9 publique France, Saint-Maurice, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>J. San-Miguel-Ayanz et al. (eds.), Forest Fires in Europe, Middle East and North Africa 2022. Joint Research Centre, Ispra, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>RTE (ed.), Bilan \u00e9lectrique 2024. RTE, Paris, February 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>SDES (ed.), L\u2019environnement en France : pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements et consommations d\u2019eau. Service des donn\u00e9es et \u00e9tudes statistiques, Paris, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>INSEE (ed.), Bilan d\u00e9mographique 2024. INSEE, Paris, January 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>CGDD (ed.), Retrait-gonflement des argiles : plus de 10 millions de maisons individuelles potentiellement tr\u00e8s expos\u00e9es. Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique, Paris, 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>CGDD (ed.), \u00c9valuation pr\u00e9liminaire des risques d\u2019inondation : exposition de la population aux inondations par d\u00e9bordement de cours d\u2019eau. Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique, Paris.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Eurostat (ed.), Economic accounts for agriculture: agricultural output by Member State, 2024. Eurostat, Luxembourg, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Agreste (ed.), GraphAgri 2024. Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Agriculture et de la Souverainet\u00e9 alimentaire, Paris, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>France Assureurs (ed.), Bilan des catastrophes naturelles et des \u00e9v\u00e9nements climatiques 2022. France Assureurs, Paris, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Observatoire national de la biodiversit\u00e9 (ed.), \u00ab \u00c9volution des populations d\u2019oiseaux communs sp\u00e9cialistes des milieux agricoles. \u00bb ONB\u2013OFB, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>UICN Comit\u00e9 fran\u00e7ais, OFB and MNHN (eds.), La Liste rouge des esp\u00e8ces menac\u00e9es en France. Paris, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c6-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Munich Re (ed.), Natural disasters in 2025: NatCatSERVICE full-year figures. Munich Re, Munich, January 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-part-agenda\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/\">France 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 7<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">The 2027 agenda<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Eight bounded questions open the 2027 National Agenda. Each comes from a baseline finding, names the initiative that will carry it and the first output due at the Q1 2027 cut.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>6 tables<\/span><span>4 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.1<\/span><span>Questions for the operational series<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How would a hot, dry summer with low river flows constrain nuclear and hydro output while heat and drought load health services and harvests?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-FRA-HDN-01 \u00b7 heat\u2013drought\u2013nuclear summer; first output: dependency graph for the Rh\u00f4ne, Loire and Garonne basins.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How sustainable is the CatNat regime as drought subsidence, floods and hail claims grow?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-FRA-FIN-02 \u00b7 CatNat exposure; first output: peril-by-region claims table, 2015\u20132025.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How should water be shared between irrigation, cooling and drinking water in dry summers?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-FRA-WAT-03 \u00b7 basin allocation; first output: allocation note for five basins.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">What heat surge capacity exists for people aged 75 and over, at home and in care?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-FRA-HLT-04 \u00b7 heat surge readiness; first output: surge baseline for five regions.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How far north and west is <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> risk spreading, and which communities are newly exposed?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-FRA-CLI-05 \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> expansion; first output: exposure map by department.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How exposed are the overseas territories to cyclones, water <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h60\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 sys.supply-chain.supply-disruption\" data-tk=\"Systemic and compound events \u00b7 Supply-chain and flow disruption\" data-td=\"A break in the flow of goods or materials between producers and users that stops production or leaves shortages.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H60\" data-tr=\"draft\">shortage<\/a> and supply disruption?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in Q1 2027; first output: scoping note after <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\">Cyclone<\/a> Chido.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How are farmland habitats and pollination changing, and what does that mean for yields?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">With GS-11 Biodiversity; first output: indicator note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which capabilities have been tested in real events, and which are only documented?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">National capability register; first output: rung evidence for 15 functions.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.2<\/span><span>Portfolio proposed for the Q1 2027 alignment<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Five initiatives and one Universe mission candidate are proposed for admission at the Q1 2027 alignment. They are programme objects, no partner, funder or member is attached to them in this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Objects proposed for the first operational quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Object<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-FRA-HDN-01<\/span><\/td><td>Heat\u2013drought\u2013nuclear summer dependency model<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-FRA-FIN-02<\/span><\/td><td>CatNat exposure by peril and region<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-02<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-FRA-WAT-03<\/span><\/td><td>Basin water allocation under drought<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-03<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-FRA-HLT-04<\/span><\/td><td>Heat surge readiness for older people<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-04<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-FRA-CLI-05<\/span><\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Wildfire<\/a> expansion<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-05<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MSN-FRA-2027-01<\/span><\/td><td>Hot, dry summer Universe mission<\/td><td>Mission<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.3<\/span><span>The pathway<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">France is the national pathway through which the Nexus operating system will run from 2027, across metropolitan France and the overseas territories. At baseline the pathway is designed and its records are prepared; its councils and working groups are constituted from Q1 2027. This page states what exists today and what comes next, nothing more.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">One National Agenda<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">bounded national questions for the year<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">DRAFT 2027 \u00b7 agenda review at the Q1 alignment<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Desk<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">coordination, records, routing and continuity<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">DESIGNED \u00b7 constituted in Q1 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Model<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">the country as a system of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">v0 SPECIFIED \u00b7 v1 with the first Foundry cut<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Portfolio<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">risks, capabilities, initiatives, projects, missions<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">7 PROPOSED \u00b7 admission at the Q1 alignment<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Foundry<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">continuous computational environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">PREPARED \u00b7 first sealed cut NQ-FRA-2027-Q1<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Reports<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">quarterly and annual publication<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE ISSUED \u00b7 Q1 2027 \u00b7 State &amp; Agenda<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Universe<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">annual proving environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANDIDATE MISSION \u00b7 mandate set in 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Evidence and correction<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">after-action, correction and renewal<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">OPEN \u00b7 first correction cycle in Q2 2027<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.4<\/span><span>Universe 2027, evidence pack for the candidate mission<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Mandate<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Core Build \u00b7 1 month<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Action \u00b7 1 week<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Evidence seal<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Portfolio correction<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Next mandate<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Universe 2027, evidence pack for the candidate mission<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Record<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Timing<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>F1<\/td><td>Annual mandate record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>after the Q2 2027 alignment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F2<\/td><td>Core Build record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>one month before the exercise<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F3<\/td><td>Exercise evidence<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>during the Action week<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F4<\/td><td>Decision packets<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>exercise state only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F5<\/td><td>Proof receipts<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>scoped to each recorded check<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F6<\/td><td>After-action report<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>within one quarter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F7<\/td><td>Upgrade docket<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>routed to the Portfolio<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F8<\/td><td>Portfolio renewal<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>Q4 2027 annual edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F9<\/td><td>Public synthesis<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>public-safe extracts only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Mission<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>ID<\/dt><dd>MSN-FRA-2027-01 \u00b7 hot, dry summer with low river flows<\/dd><dt>Role spine<\/dt><dd>Leadership sponsor (NLC) \u00b7 Institutional anchor (NNC) \u00b7 Mission lead (NWG)<\/dd><dt>Receiving actors<\/dt><dd>to be identified with the mandate<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Simulation success is not deployment approval; demonstration is not certification; finance readiness is not financing secured.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.5<\/span><span>Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Where the baseline\u2019s findings go next. A handoff routes a finding for awareness, review or work; it transfers no authority.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Finding<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Routed to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Purpose<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CLI-001 \u00b7 emissions<\/td><td>public record<\/td><td>reference for the 2027 series<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ENE-004 \u00b7 nuclear output<\/td><td>INI-FRA-HDN-01 \u00b7 GS-02<\/td><td>heat\u2013drought\u2013nuclear summer<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HLT-006 \u00b7 heat deaths<\/td><td>INI-FRA-HLT-04<\/td><td>heat surge readiness<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WAT-008 \u00b7 water use<\/td><td>INI-FRA-WAT-03 \u00b7 GS-01<\/td><td>basin allocation<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FIN-009 \u00b7 clay subsidence<\/td><td>INI-FRA-FIN-02 \u00b7 key F review<\/td><td>CatNat exposure<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FIN-010 \u00b7 claims<\/td><td>INI-FRA-FIN-02<\/td><td>peril-by-region claims<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>BIO-011 \u00b7 farmland birds<\/td><td>GS-11 Biodiversity edition<\/td><td>condition baseline<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SYS-012 \u00b7 compound pathway<\/td><td>MSN-FRA-2027-01<\/td><td>Universe candidate<\/td><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Routing rules by publication class<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Where it goes<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Who can see it<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>PUBLIC<\/td><td>the published edition and its evidence bundle<\/td><td>anyone<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><td>governed rooms of the national pathway<\/td><td>consortium members under agreement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONTROLLED<\/td><td>need-to-know channels<\/td><td>named competent actors only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Handoffs carry findings to Nexus programme objects and steward reviews. Competent authorities receive public editions as published; nothing here instructs them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.6<\/span><span>Feeds and signal register<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Feeds watched from Q1 2027<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Feed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Producer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Latency<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Feeds into<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Weather vigilance<\/td><td>M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France<\/td><td>real time<\/td><td>early-warning rung<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Flood vigilance (Vigicrues)<\/td><td>national flood forecasting service<\/td><td>real time<\/td><td>RSK-FRA-CLI-004<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Drought restrictions (Propluvia)<\/td><td>Ministry for the Ecological Transition<\/td><td>daily<\/td><td>RSK-FRA-WAT-002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity mix (eCO\u2082mix)<\/td><td>RTE<\/td><td>real time<\/td><td>ENE findings<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat-health surveillance<\/td><td>Sant\u00e9 publique France<\/td><td>daily in season<\/td><td>RSK-FRA-CLI-001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CatNat decrees<\/td><td>Journal officiel<\/td><td>per decree<\/td><td>FIN findings<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Wildfire<\/a> database (BDIFF)<\/td><td>national forest-fire database<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>A-05<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Escalation routes<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">none \u00b7 keep monitoring<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">research question<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">project<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">risk object<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">quarterly publication<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">signal report<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Signals at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Signal<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Corroboration<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>SIG-FRA-001<\/td><td>Heat and low flows limiting reactor output in summer<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c7-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>WAT \u00b7 ENE<\/td><td>initiative A-01<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-FRA-002<\/td><td>Rising drought-subsidence claims<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c7-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c7-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>FIN \u00b7 WAT<\/td><td>initiative A-02<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-FRA-003<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Wildfire<\/a> reaching northern and western regions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c7-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>BIO \u00b7 CLI<\/td><td>initiative A-05<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A signal is not a warning. Signal records never substitute for official vigilance or early-warning authorities, and they bypass no publication control.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>RTE (ed.), Bilan \u00e9lectrique 2022. RTE, Paris, February 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c7-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>France Assureurs (ed.), Bilan des catastrophes naturelles et des \u00e9v\u00e9nements climatiques 2022. France Assureurs, Paris, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c7-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>CGDD (ed.), Retrait-gonflement des argiles : plus de 10 millions de maisons individuelles potentiellement tr\u00e8s expos\u00e9es. Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique, Paris, 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c7-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c7-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>J. San-Miguel-Ayanz et al. (eds.), Forest Fires in Europe, Middle East and North Africa 2022. Joint Research Centre, Ispra, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c7-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-part-systems-in-depth\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/\">France 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 8<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems in depth<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">One section per system: its state at evidence close, its exposures and what the operational series will watch.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>5 tables<\/span><span>13 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.1<\/span><span>Water, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">France\u2019s water is plentiful in winter and contested in summer, when irrigation, reactor cooling and drinking water draw on the same low flows.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224858<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of water consumed by agriculture<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>withdrawal cut targeted by 2030<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">17.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>residents exposed to river flooding<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Use<\/td><td>agriculture about 58%, drinking water 26%, cooling 12% of consumption<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Drought<\/td><td>repeated summer restrictions since 2019<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Flooding<\/td><td>about 17.1 million residents exposed to river flooding<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Planning<\/td><td>Plan Eau sets a 10% cut in withdrawals by 2030<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>WAT \u2192 ENE reactor cooling and hydro<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 FOO irrigation<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 FIN clay subsidence and floods<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>basin allocation in dry summers<\/li><li>groundwater recharge trends<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Groundwater recharge each winter; drought restrictions each summer; progress on the Plan Eau.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">REG-EUR Europe<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-01 Water<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-02 Energy<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-03 Food<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-05 Finance<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Water management rests with the State, basin committees and local authorities under their own mandates; this chapter assesses none of them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.2<\/span><span>Energy, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">French electricity is about 95% low-carbon, led by nuclear power cooled by rivers and the sea. Its exposure is to heat, drought and maintenance cycles more than to fuel.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224895<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>low-carbon electricity, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">279<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">TWh<\/span><p>nuclear output, 2022 low<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u221226<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>power-sector emissions, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Mix<\/td><td>nuclear about two-thirds; hydro, wind and solar most of the rest<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2022 low<\/td><td>nuclear output lowest since 1988<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recovery<\/td><td>about 362 TWh in 2024 and record exports<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cooling limits<\/td><td>discharge-temperature limits bind in heatwaves<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>WAT \u2192 ENE cooling<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 HLT power for cooling and care<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 TRD exports to neighbours<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>cooling constraints by plant in heat<\/li><li>demand growth from electrification<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Reactor availability each summer; river temperatures; adoption of the energy programming law.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">REG-EUR Europe<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-01 Water<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-02 Energy<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-03 Food<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-05 Finance<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Energy decisions rest with the State, the regulator and the system operator; this chapter assesses none of them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.3<\/span><span>Food and agrifood, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">France is the EU\u2019s largest agricultural producer. Hot, dry years cut harvests, and irrigation competes with other uses for summer water.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224818<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of EU agricultural output<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224858<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of water consumed by agriculture<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u221230<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>farmland birds since 1989<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Production<\/td><td>largest agricultural output in the EU<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Drought<\/td><td>harvests cut in hot, dry years<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>irrigation the largest consumptive use<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>farmland species declining<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>WAT \u2192 FOO irrigation<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 FOO heat and drought<\/li><li>BIO \u2192 FOO pollination and soils<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>harvest losses by region<\/li><li>irrigation demand under drought<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Harvest estimates after hot summers; irrigation restrictions; farm income after shocks.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">REG-EUR Europe<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-01 Water<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-02 Energy<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-03 Food<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-05 Finance<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes the food system; it makes no statement on agricultural policy or about any company.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.4<\/span><span>Health and One Health, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Heat is France\u2019s deadliest climate hazard. The 2003 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">heatwave<\/a> remains the reference case, and older people carry most of the burden.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">3,700+<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">deaths<\/span><p>heat-attributable, summer 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u224875<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>aged 75 and over<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">70,000+<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">deaths<\/span><p>across Europe in 2003<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Heat<\/td><td>more than 3,700 heat deaths in summer 2024<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Age<\/td><td>about three quarters among people aged 75 and over<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reference case<\/td><td>the 2003 heatwave<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Surge capacity<\/td><td>not consolidated nationally<\/td><td>,<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 HLT heat<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 HLT cooling and care<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 HLT drinking water<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>heat surge capacity for older people<\/li><li>cooling in care homes<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Heatwave vigilance levels; attributable deaths each summer; care-home cooling.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">REG-EUR Europe<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-01 Water<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-02 Energy<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-03 Food<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-05 Finance<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Health-system planning rests with the health authorities. No personal health data are used or shown in Reports.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.5<\/span><span>Biodiversity and ecosystems, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">France holds some of Europe\u2019s richest biodiversity, much of it overseas. Farmland species are declining, and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a> is reaching regions once spared.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">\u221230<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>farmland birds since 1989<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1 in 6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">species<\/span><p>assessed species threatened<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2022<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fires<\/span><p>more than 60,000 ha burned<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Farmland birds<\/td><td>about 30% decline since 1989<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Red List<\/td><td>about one in six assessed species threatened<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Wildfire<\/a><\/td><td>large fires in the south-west and beyond in 2022<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Overseas<\/td><td>most endemic species are in overseas territories<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>BIO \u2192 FOO pollination and soils<\/li><li>BIO \u2192 WAT regulation<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 BIO fire and heat<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>habitat condition indicators<\/li><li>overseas biodiversity trends<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Farmland bird index; Red List updates; wildfire seasons.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Related editions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">REG-EUR Europe<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GLB Global Systems<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-01 Water<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-02 Energy<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-03 Food<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">GS-05 Finance<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Biodiversity is not reduced to a single number. Where valuation is used later, it will never be presented as the whole value.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>SDES (ed.), L\u2019environnement en France : pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements et consommations d\u2019eau. Service des donn\u00e9es et \u00e9tudes statistiques, Paris, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Gouvernement (ed.), Plan d\u2019action pour une gestion r\u00e9siliente et concert\u00e9e de l\u2019eau (Plan Eau). Paris, March 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>CGDD (ed.), \u00c9valuation pr\u00e9liminaire des risques d\u2019inondation : exposition de la population aux inondations par d\u00e9bordement de cours d\u2019eau. Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique, Paris.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>RTE (ed.), Bilan \u00e9lectrique 2024. RTE, Paris, February 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>RTE (ed.), Bilan \u00e9lectrique 2022. RTE, Paris, February 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Citepa (ed.), Rapport Secten, Gaz \u00e0 effet de serre et polluants atmosph\u00e9riques : bilan des \u00e9missions en France de 1990 \u00e0 2024, \u00e9dition 2025. Citepa, Paris, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Eurostat (ed.), Economic accounts for agriculture: agricultural output by Member State, 2024. Eurostat, Luxembourg, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Observatoire national de la biodiversit\u00e9 (ed.), \u00ab \u00c9volution des populations d\u2019oiseaux communs sp\u00e9cialistes des milieux agricoles. \u00bb ONB\u2013OFB, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Agreste (ed.), GraphAgri 2024. Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Agriculture et de la Souverainet\u00e9 alimentaire, Paris, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Sant\u00e9 publique France (ed.), Chaleur et sant\u00e9 : bilan de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2024. Sant\u00e9 publique France, Saint-Maurice, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>J.-M. Robine, S. L. K. Cheung, S. Le Roy et al., \u201cDeath toll exceeded 70,000 in Europe during the summer of 2003,\u201d Comptes Rendus Biologies, vol. 331, pp. 171\u2013178, 2008.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>UICN Comit\u00e9 fran\u00e7ais, OFB and MNHN (eds.), La Liste rouge des esp\u00e8ces menac\u00e9es en France. Paris, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-c8-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>J. San-Miguel-Ayanz et al. (eds.), Forest Fires in Europe, Middle East and North Africa 2022. Joint Research Centre, Ispra, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-part-methodology\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/\">France 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex A<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Methodology<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">How the edition was made: methods, the model card, the evidence cut and its age, the acceptance record and the glossary.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>9 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>12 tables<\/span><span>8 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.1<\/span><span>Methods<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The baseline uses published values and four simple derivations. Each is shown in full so that any reader can reproduce it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Methods<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">No.<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Derivation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Calculation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Result<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>(1)<\/td><td>Emissions reduction since 1990<\/td><td>369 \u00f7 0.68<\/td><td>\u2248 543 Mt in 1990<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(2)<\/td><td>Annual cut needed to reach 270 Mt by 2030<\/td><td>(369 \u2212 270) \u00f7 6<\/td><td>\u2248 16 Mt a year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(3)<\/td><td>Fall in nuclear output, 2021 to 2022<\/td><td>1 \u2212 279 \u00f7 361<\/td><td>\u2248 23%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(4)<\/td><td>Heat deaths among people aged 75 and over, 2024<\/td><td>0.75 \u00d7 3,700<\/td><td>\u2248 2,800<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling strength scale (matrix and model card)<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Strength<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>STRONG<\/td><td>a disruption in the source system has historically changed the target system\u2019s service or output within one season<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MODERATE<\/td><td>an effect is documented but buffered or slower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEAK<\/td><td>an effect is plausible but not documented at national scale<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Status grammar<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rule<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>value as issued by its source, with year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>reasoned from cited evidence; never a measurement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus analytical value with stated method<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>conditional on stated assumptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>structured editorial judgement awaiting evidence<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.2<\/span><span>Model card, National Model v0<\/span><\/h2><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model ID<\/dt><dd>MDL-FRA-NATIONAL \u00b7 v0.1<\/dd><dt>Purpose<\/dt><dd>represent France as coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> with forcing and transmission layers<\/dd><dt>Family<\/dt><dd>graph-based system of systems<\/dd><dt>Inputs<\/dt><dd>the cited sources of this edition; no proprietary data<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>expert-specified coupling strengths (STRONG \u00b7 MODERATE \u00b7 WEAK) from evidence and analogue events<\/dd><dt>Validation<\/dt><dd>none yet, first validation against Q1 2027 Foundry evidence<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>qualitative; strengths are hypotheses, not measurements<\/dd><dt>Domain of validity<\/dt><dd>national scale; not for regional, plant or asset-level use<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>strength table and sources published in this edition<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">couplings<\/span><p>typed in v0<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strong<\/span><p>documented within one season<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">moderate<\/span><p>documented, buffered<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">weak<\/span><p>plausible, undocumented<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>framing the 2027 agenda; choosing which couplings to measure first; explaining the coupled reading of French risk.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOT SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>quantitative loss estimates, operational decisions, provincial comparisons or any claim about a specific asset.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">VERSIONING<\/p><p>Models are immutable by version. A change to any coupling, rule or weight produces v0.2 with its own card and correction note.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.3<\/span><span>The baseline evidence cut<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Every Nexus edition is published from a frozen evidence cut. The baseline cut is documentary: it pins the exact edition of every source cited. Model runs begin with the first Foundry cut in Q1 2027.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Cut ID<\/dt><dd>NQ-FRA-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Type<\/dt><dd>baseline documentary cut<\/dd><dt>Resolution policy<\/dt><dd>pinned \u00b7 as of 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Sources pinned<\/dt><dd>40 cited sources, each at the edition and retrieval date in the references<\/dd><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>none at baseline, analytical values are stated with their method<\/dd><dt>Digest<\/dt><dd>computed at <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.hard-freeze\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"Air temperature falling well below freezing for hours, killing crops, bursting pipes and stopping water flow.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">freeze<\/a> and recorded in the publication record<\/dd><dt>Supersedes<\/dt><dd>nothing, first cut of the series<\/dd><dt>Superseded by<\/dt><dd>NQ-FRA-2027-Q1-1 at the Q1 2027 close<\/dd><\/dl><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Lineage<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">source edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">pinned citation<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">finding<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">page<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">publication record<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">From the baseline cut to the first Foundry cut<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Element<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Q1 2027<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Sources<\/td><td>cited publications, pinned by edition<\/td><td>qualified source bindings with versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Analysis<\/td><td>stated methods and editorial estimates<\/td><td>typed analysis specifications<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Models<\/td><td>National Model v0 specification<\/td><td>model runs with receipts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Findings<\/td><td>twelve baseline findings<\/td><td>findings re-bound to the cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Review<\/td><td>five passes scheduled<\/td><td>five passes on the exact digest<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.4<\/span><span>Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A 2026 edition rests on evidence observed in many different years. This page shows each time base, so that no single year label hides older evidence.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Observed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Released<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next release<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Territorial GHG emissions<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>2026 edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Warmest year on record<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>Jan 2023<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat-attributable deaths<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nuclear and electricity output<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>Feb 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water consumption by use<\/td><td>recent<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>next update<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Clay subsidence exposure<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>next assessment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h9\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.flood.fluvial\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Freshwater inundation\" data-td=\"River discharge exceeding channel capacity so that water spills over the banks and covers the floodplain for days.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H9\" data-tr=\"draft\">River flood<\/a> exposure<\/td><td>recent<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>next assessment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Natural-event claims<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population<\/td><td>1 Jan 2025<\/td><td>Jan 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Farmland birds<\/td><td>1989\u20132023<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coverage by system at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Thinnest dimension<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Climate forcing<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>regional extremes overseas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>summer cooling constraints by plant<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>basin allocation in drought<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>harvest losses by region<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>surge capacity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>habitat condition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>CatNat sustainability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Digital and cyber<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>dependency mapping<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.5<\/span><span>Evidence cards, two anchor sources<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by Citepa, the national inventory body, with UNFCCC and EU methods. Coverage 1990\u20132024; the latest year is provisional. Role: binds CLI-001 and ENE-005.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-FRA-001<\/h3><p>Secten 2025 emissions inventory<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-ca-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the transmission system operator from metered generation and consumption. Annual. Role: binds ENE-004 and ENE-005.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-FRA-002<\/h3><p>RTE annual electricity reviews<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-ca-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-ca-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Quality dimensions at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Dimension<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-CAN-001<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-CAN-002<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Completeness<\/td><td>all sectors and gases<\/td><td>all metered generation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Timeliness<\/td><td>provisional estimate within a year<\/td><td>about two months after the year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Revision<\/td><td>annual back-revision<\/td><td>final figures revised<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Method transparency<\/td><td>methodology published<\/td><td>methods published<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>External validation<\/td><td>UNFCCC and EU review<\/td><td>regulator oversight<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence cards to follow in Q1 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Heat and health bulletins<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-ca-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-ca-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup>, attributable-death method<\/li><li>CatNat review<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-ca-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>, claims series<\/li><li>Clay exposure assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-ca-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup>, exposure method<\/li><li>Water statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-ca-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup>, consumption estimates<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.6<\/span><span>Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Editorial self-check at evidence close. Every applicable item carries a disposition; the remaining items are review, approval and deposit.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Group<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Area<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Items<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pass<\/th><th scope=\"col\">N\/A<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pending<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D1<\/td><td>Identity and scope<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>Source and data<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D3<\/td><td>Analysis and models<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D4<\/td><td>Findings and claims<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D5<\/td><td>Figures, tables, maps<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D6<\/td><td>Editorial and citations<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D7<\/td><td>Review and approval<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>13<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D8<\/td><td>Artefact and design<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D9<\/td><td>Registry and release<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication gate<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Conditions met<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close<\/dd><dt>Blocking problems<\/dt><dd>none recorded<\/dd><dt>Open conditions<\/dt><dd>reviews, approval of the exact digest, deposit, registry pointer<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Not applicable at baseline<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>first runs in Q1 2027<\/dd><dt>Maps<\/dt><dd>plates in Q2 2027<\/dd><dt>Waivers<\/dt><dd>none<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Dispositions are recorded item by item in the machine-readable checklist. A FAIL on any item blocks release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.7<\/span><span>Status words<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-tab9\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The status every value carries<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it means<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"positive\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Observed<\/span><\/td><td>Measured directly and published by the source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>Published statistics of an official or institutional source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Declared<\/span><\/td><td>Stated by the body concerned; not independently measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>A Nexus estimate from cited evidence, with its method in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Modelled<\/span><\/td><td>Produced by a stated model from cited inputs.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>Reasoned from cited evidence; not measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Forecast<\/span><\/td><td>A projection by the cited source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Simulated<\/span><\/td><td>A simulation result under stated assumptions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>A conditional statement under stated assumptions; never a prediction.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>Expert judgement, recorded with its basis.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><td>Proposed for a later edition; not yet evidence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Evidence-quality levels (EQL 1 to 5) grade the source behind a value; they are not a score of the subject.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.8<\/span><span>How the edition is made, released and corrected<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">Every edition is built from a sealed evidence cut, reviewed under three keys, signed and deposited before any site shows it as published; corrections go to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> as change proposals and feed the next cut.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Evidence arrives from the pillars<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Foundry seals observations and indicator series, Universe hands over after-action and scenario findings, and contributions are screened at every gateway, including this site&#8217;s.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 The cut is sealed<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">On the cut date the evidence is pinned under one identifier, so anyone can rebuild the edition from exactly what it was built on.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 The edition is assembled<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The edition is drafted from its template and content pack. Agents may draft; they never publish and never decide.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 The keys turn<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">At the publisher of record the truth key comes first: every value is checked against its source or stated method before the meaning and capital keys turn. No edition moves on until every key has been turned by a named steward.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 The gate opens<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A named approver releases one exact digest of the edition; any change after this point is a new version, never a silent edit.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Signed and deposited<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The PDF, the web edition and the data bundle are signed together with a manifest and an RO-Crate description, and deposited on Zenodo with a concept and a version DOI.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">07 Published on five sites<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Only then do the five Reports sites show the edition as published, each reading it through its own lens.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">08 Corrections go to Standards<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Method and correction findings go to Nexus Standards as change proposals; citations, corrections and new contributions feed the next evidence cut.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of the process, not a forecast and not a record of any run; dates and counts on this page come from the programme record. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/governance\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Reports governance at GCRI Canada<\/a> (2026); Zenodo, repository of record for Reports deposits (2026).<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">Lifecycle, one state at a time: Draft, Computed, Evidence bound, Reviewed, Approved for release, Published, Corrected, Superseded. This edition is a draft.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.9<\/span><span>Glossary and abbreviations<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-tab10\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Series terms<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Baseline Edition<\/td><td>the inaugural annual edition that fixes the reference state for the series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEFH+B<\/td><td>water, energy, food, health and biodiversity, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/governance-in-operation\/national-nexus\" data-tc=\"National Nexus\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The national model: the NNC, the NLC and the NWG as its three participation pillars, with the National Desk, Model and Portfolio and the NSC as the standards function of the NNC (OR-13)\">national nexus<\/a> core<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coupling<\/td><td>a typed dependency through which one system transmits to another<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>the share of losses not covered by insurance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability ladder<\/td><td>LISTED \u2192 EXISTS \u2192 ADEQUATE \u2192 TESTED \u2192 DEMONSTRATED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EQL<\/td><td>evidence-quality level, 1\u20135<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence cut<\/td><td>a frozen resolution of exact sources and versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NNC \u00b7 NLC \u00b7 NWG<\/td><td>National Nexus Consortium \u00b7 National Leadership Council \u00b7 National Working Groups<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-tab11\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Abbreviations used in this edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Abbreviation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Expansion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CatNat<\/td><td>natural-disaster compensation regime (1982)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CCR<\/td><td>Caisse centrale de r\u00e9assurance, the public reinsurer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CGDD<\/td><td>Commissariat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral au d\u00e9veloppement durable<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Citepa<\/td><td>national inventory body for emissions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HCC<\/td><td>Haut Conseil pour le Climat<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>INSEE<\/td><td>national statistics institute<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ONB<\/td><td>Observatoire national de la biodiversit\u00e9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PNACC-3<\/td><td>third national adaptation plan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>RTE<\/td><td>electricity transmission system operator<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SDES<\/td><td>statistical service of the Ministry for the Ecological Transition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SNBC<\/td><td>national low-carbon strategy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SpF<\/td><td>Sant\u00e9 publique France<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>TRACC<\/td><td>reference warming trajectory for adaptation<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.10<\/span><span>Technical annex<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-tab12\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.12<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Technical annex<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Annex<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contents<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A.1<\/td><td>Indicator definitions<\/td><td>the baseline indicator set, with units and sources<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.2<\/td><td>Coupling strengths<\/td><td>the twenty-cell matrix and its rationale<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.3<\/td><td>Scenario specification<\/td><td>SCN-FRA-HDN-01 assumptions and signposts<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.4<\/td><td>Capability placements<\/td><td>rung evidence for fifteen functions<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.5<\/td><td>Model diagnostics<\/td><td>first runs and validation<\/td><td>Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.6<\/td><td>Sensitivity analyses<\/td><td>influence of coupling strengths<\/td><td>Q2 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.7<\/td><td>Region and territory notes<\/td><td>atlas cards for regions and overseas territories<\/td><td>Q2 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.8<\/td><td>Review statements<\/td><td>pass-by-pass review record<\/td><td>AT RELEASE<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">A.1 \u00b7 indicator definition, territorial greenhouse-gas emissions<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Construct<\/dt><dd>annual greenhouse-gas emissions within French territory, excluding land-use sinks<\/dd><dt>Unit<\/dt><dd>Mt CO\u2082e<\/dd><dt>Scope<\/dt><dd>Secten perimeter used for national targets<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>Citepa Secten 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-ca-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Revision<\/dt><dd>back-revised each edition; latest year provisional<\/dd><dt>Known limits<\/dt><dd>excludes emissions embodied in imports<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Annexes carry the same evidence, review and correction rules as the chapters and are versioned with the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Citepa (ed.), Rapport Secten, Gaz \u00e0 effet de serre et polluants atmosph\u00e9riques : bilan des \u00e9missions en France de 1990 \u00e0 2024, \u00e9dition 2025. Citepa, Paris, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>RTE (ed.), Bilan \u00e9lectrique 2024. RTE, Paris, February 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-ca-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>RTE (ed.), Bilan \u00e9lectrique 2022. RTE, Paris, February 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-ca-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Sant\u00e9 publique France (ed.), Chaleur et sant\u00e9 : bilan de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2024. Sant\u00e9 publique France, Saint-Maurice, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-ca-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Sant\u00e9 publique France (ed.), Heat Waves and Health. Public Health Bulletin: A Review of Summer 2023. Sant\u00e9 publique France, Saint-Maurice, February 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-ca-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Caisse centrale de r\u00e9assurance (ed.), Les catastrophes naturelles en France : bilan 1982\u20132023. CCR, Paris, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-ca-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>CGDD (ed.), Retrait-gonflement des argiles : plus de 10 millions de maisons individuelles potentiellement tr\u00e8s expos\u00e9es. Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique, Paris, 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-ca-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ca-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>SDES (ed.), L\u2019environnement en France : pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements et consommations d\u2019eau. Service des donn\u00e9es et \u00e9tudes statistiques, Paris, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-ca-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-part-data\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/\">France 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex B<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Data appendix<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>8 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>7 tables<\/span><span>21 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.1<\/span><span>The indicator set<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Baseline indicator set<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Territorial GHG emissions<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">369<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Change since 1990<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u221232<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2030 emissions target<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">270<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2030<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Low-carbon share of electricity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u224895<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nuclear output<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">279<\/span><\/td><td>TWh<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nuclear output<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u2248362<\/span><\/td><td>TWh<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Warmest-year mean temperature<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">14.5<\/span><\/td><td>\u00b0C<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat-attributable deaths<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">3,700+<\/span><\/td><td>deaths<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">68.6<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>1 Jan 2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Agriculture share of water consumed<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u224858<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>recent<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Withdrawal reduction target<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">10<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2030<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Share of EU agricultural output<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u224818<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Houses exposed to clay subsidence<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">10.4<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Residents exposed to river flooding<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">17.1<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>recent<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Natural-event claims<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u224810<\/span><\/td><td>\u20ac billion<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Change in farmland birds<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">\u2248\u221230<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>1989\u20132023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-actions nrp-noprint\"><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:text\/csv;charset=utf-8,Indicator%2CValue%2CUnit%2CYear%2CState%2CSource%0ATerritorial%20GHG%20emissions%2C369%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0AChange%20since%201990%2C%E2%88%9232%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0A2030%20emissions%20target%2C270%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2030%2CREPORTED%2C%5B40%5D%0ALow-carbon%20share%20of%20electricity%2C%E2%89%8895%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B7%5D%0ANuclear%20output%2C279%2CTWh%2C2022%2CREPORTED%2C%5B25%5D%0ANuclear%20output%2C%E2%89%88362%2CTWh%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B7%5D%0AWarmest-year%20mean%20temperature%2C14.5%2C%C2%B0C%2C2022%2CREPORTED%2C%5B8%5D%0AHeat-attributable%20deaths%2C%223%2C700%2B%22%2Cdeaths%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B4%5D%0APopulation%2C68.6%2Cmillion%2C1%20Jan%202025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B6%5D%0AAgriculture%20share%20of%20water%20consumed%2C%E2%89%8858%2C%25%2Crecent%2CREPORTED%2C%5B12%5D%0AWithdrawal%20reduction%20target%2C10%2C%25%2C2030%2CREPORTED%2C%5B11%5D%0AShare%20of%20EU%20agricultural%20output%2C%E2%89%8818%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B23%5D%0AHouses%20exposed%20to%20clay%20subsidence%2C10.4%2Cmillion%2C2021%2CREPORTED%2C%5B21%5D%0AResidents%20exposed%20to%20river%20flooding%2C17.1%2Cmillion%2Crecent%2CREPORTED%2C%5B22%5D%0ANatural-event%20claims%2C%E2%89%8810%2C%E2%82%AC%20billion%2C2022%2CREPORTED%2C%5B13%5D%0AChange%20in%20farmland%20birds%2C%E2%89%88%E2%88%9230%2C%25%2C1989%E2%80%932023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B18%5D%0A\" download=\"NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-indicators.csv\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, CSV<\/a><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:application\/json;charset=utf-8,%7B%0A%20%22edition%22%3A%20%22NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE%22%2C%0A%20%22title%22%3A%20%22France%20Systems%20Risk%20and%20Resilience%20Report%202026%3A%20The%20State%20of%20France%E2%80%99s%20Interdependent%20Systems%22%2C%0A%20%22status%22%3A%20%22Draft%20under%20stewardship%20review%3B%20not%20yet%20released%22%2C%0A%20%22licence%22%3A%20%22CC-BY-4.0%20for%20the%20edition%20table%3B%20each%20value%20keeps%20its%20source's%20licence%22%2C%0A%20%22columns%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%22Indicator%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Value%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Unit%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Year%22%2C%0A%20%20%22State%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Source%22%0A%20%5D%2C%0A%20%22rows%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Territorial%20GHG%20emissions%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22369%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Change%20since%201990%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%88%9232%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%222030%20emissions%20target%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22270%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222030%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B40%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Low-carbon%20share%20of%20electricity%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%8895%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B7%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Nuclear%20output%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22279%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22TWh%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222022%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B25%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Nuclear%20output%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%88362%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22TWh%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B7%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Warmest-year%20mean%20temperature%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2214.5%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%C2%B0C%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222022%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B8%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Heat-attributable%20deaths%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%223%2C700%2B%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22deaths%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B4%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2268.6%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%20Jan%202025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B6%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Agriculture%20share%20of%20water%20consumed%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%8858%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22recent%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B12%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Withdrawal%20reduction%20target%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2210%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222030%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B11%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Share%20of%20EU%20agricultural%20output%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%8818%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B23%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Houses%20exposed%20to%20clay%20subsidence%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2210.4%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222021%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B21%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Residents%20exposed%20to%20river%20flooding%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2217.1%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22recent%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B22%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Natural-event%20claims%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%8810%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%82%AC%20billion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222022%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B13%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Change%20in%20farmland%20birds%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%E2%89%88%E2%88%9230%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221989%E2%80%932023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B18%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%0A%20%5D%0A%7D\" download=\"NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-indicators.json\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, JSON<\/a><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOTES<\/p><p>Emissions are territorial and exclude land-use sinks; the latest year is provisional. A machine-readable copy of this table is published with the evidence bundle at release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.2<\/span><span>National source register<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Domains bound by the register<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">WAT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ENE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FOO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">HLT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">BIO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">CLI<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">INF<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FIN<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">TRD<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">National source register<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Category<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Period<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Secten emissions inventory<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national inventory body<\/td><td>France<\/td><td>1990\u20132024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 ENE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>High Council for the Climate<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>independent council<\/td><td>France<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat and health bulletins<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>public health agency<\/td><td>France<\/td><td>2023\u20132024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>HLT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Demographic review<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>official statistics<\/td><td>France<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity reviews<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>system operator<\/td><td>France<\/td><td>2022\u20132024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>ENE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate review<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national meteorological service<\/td><td>metropolitan France<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>official statistics<\/td><td>France<\/td><td>recent<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>WAT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Natural-event claims<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>insurance federation<\/td><td>France<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CatNat review<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>public reinsurer<\/td><td>France<\/td><td>1982\u20132023<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>FIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Clay and flood exposure<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ministry statistics<\/td><td>France<\/td><td>recent<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>WAT \u00b7 FIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Agricultural accounts<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>EU statistics<\/td><td>EU<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FOO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Farmland birds<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>biodiversity observatory<\/td><td>France<\/td><td>1989\u20132023<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>BIO<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FIXTURE PROHIBITION<\/p><p>No demonstration or reference-cartographic fixture is used as evidence in this edition. The publication gate checks every binding against this register.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.3<\/span><span>Regional reading, metropolitan regions and overseas territories<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Map plates for each region and territory follow in Q2 2027. This page gives the regional reading in table form, and ranks no region.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional reading, metropolitan regions and overseas territories<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Area<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Principal hazards<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems most exposed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u00cele-de-France<\/td><td>heat, river flooding<\/td><td>health, transport, housing<\/td><td>heat<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 flood<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hauts-de-France and Grand Est<\/td><td>river flooding, drought<\/td><td>agriculture, industry<\/td><td>flood<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Brittany and Normandy<\/td><td>coastal storms, erosion<\/td><td>coasts, agriculture<\/td><td>national plans<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nouvelle-Aquitaine<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a>, drought, clay subsidence<\/td><td>forests, housing, agriculture<\/td><td>2022 fires<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 clay<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Occitanie<\/td><td>Mediterranean flash floods, drought, heat<\/td><td>communities, agriculture<\/td><td>flood<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h24\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a>, heat, flash floods<\/td><td>health, forests, tourism<\/td><td>fires<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes<\/td><td>heat, low flows, glacier loss<\/td><td>nuclear cooling, hydro, health<\/td><td>power<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Centre, Loire and Burgundy<\/td><td>drought, clay subsidence<\/td><td>agriculture, housing, nuclear cooling<\/td><td>clay<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 power<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Overseas territories<\/td><td>cyclones, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">sea-level rise<\/a>, water <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h60\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 sys.supply-chain.supply-disruption\" data-tk=\"Systemic and compound events \u00b7 Supply-chain and flow disruption\" data-td=\"A break in the flow of goods or materials between producers and users that stops production or leaves shortages.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H60\" data-tr=\"draft\">shortage<\/a><\/td><td>water, housing, supply chains<\/td><td>Mayotte, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The leading compound pathway runs through the river basins where reactors, farms and cities share summer flows.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">RH\u00d4NE AND LOIRE<\/h3><p>Rivers that cool reactors<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Nouvelle-Aquitaine holds the 2022 Gironde fires and some of the highest clay subsidence exposure.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">SOUTH-WEST<\/h3><p>Fire and clay<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Mayotte after Cyclone Chido shows how cyclones, water shortage and supply disruption combine.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">OVERSEAS<\/h3><p>Cyclones and water<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">MAP PLATES IN Q2 2027<\/p><p>Each plate will carry its boundary source and version, projection, resolution, classification, uncertainty encoding and public-safe transform, with text and table alternatives.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Regional readings summarise the cited evidence. They are not risk ratings of any region or territory.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.4<\/span><span>Atlas card, the Rh\u00f4ne valley<\/span><\/h2><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">river basin<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">nuclear cooling<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">irrigation<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">metropolitan area<\/li><\/ul><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Systems in view<\/dt><dd>water, energy, food, health<\/dd><dt>Defining events<\/dt><dd>the 2003 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.heatwave\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"A spell of abnormally high temperature, often with warm nights, that overloads bodies, power grids and crops.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\">heatwave<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup>; low flows and output cuts in summer 2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Couplings<\/dt><dd>WAT \u2192 ENE reactor cooling; WAT \u2192 FOO irrigation; CLI \u2192 HLT heat in Lyon<\/dd><dt>Capability evidence<\/dt><dd>heatwave vigilance and drought restrictions used in real events<\/dd><dt>Gaps<\/dt><dd>summer flow allocation between uses; heat surge capacity<\/dd><dt>Agenda items<\/dt><dd>A-01 \u00b7 A-03 \u00b7 A-04<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Several reactors draw cooling water from the Rh\u00f4ne; discharge-temperature limits can force output cuts in heatwaves [25].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">ENERGY<\/h3><p>Reactors on the river<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Farms in the lower valley depend on the same summer flows for irrigation.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">FOOD<\/h3><p>Irrigation downstream<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Lyon and the valley\u2019s towns face some of France\u2019s hottest summer temperatures, with older residents most exposed [4].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">HEALTH<\/h3><p>Heat in the city<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Atlas cards are generated for each region and overseas territory from Q2 2027 with consistent fields and evidence-age labels. The Rh\u00f4ne valley is shown first because it holds the leading heat\u2013drought\u2013nuclear pathway.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.5<\/span><span>France system card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The card through which France appears in the Europe regional edition and the global series. It summarises; it does not rank.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">France system card<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline state<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>summer flows shared by three uses<\/td><td>drought into energy and food<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>about 95% low-carbon power<\/td><td>cooling limits in heat<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>largest EU agricultural producer<\/td><td>drought and heat<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>heat deaths concentrated among older people<\/td><td>heat and care capacity<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>farmland species declining<\/td><td>habitat and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">wildfire<\/a><\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The France card sits beside its neighbours; electricity trade, rivers and food markets are read as one regional system.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EUROPE REGIONAL EDITION<\/h3><p>One regional system<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">French evidence enters the water, energy, food, finance and climate sector reports through the same finding identifiers.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES<\/h3><p>Same findings, same IDs<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">In the global edition France is read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL FLAGSHIP<\/h3><p>Peers, not ranks<\/p><\/article><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Context<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Archetype<\/dt><dd>high-income republic with metropolitan and overseas territories<\/dd><dt>Population<\/dt><dd>68.6 million (1 January 2025)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Emissions<\/dt><dd>32% below 1990 (2024)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Electricity<\/dt><dd>about 95% low-carbon (2024)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>External rankings, where cited, keep their own method and source. Nexus never converts them into a rating, and national ownership of the France edition is unaffected.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.6<\/span><span>Licences<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Licences of each kind of material<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Material<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Text<\/td><td>CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data<\/td><td>on the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td>Nexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maps<\/td><td>boundary source and licence printed on each plate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Metadata<\/td><td>CC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Third-party data, figures and text<\/td><td>The source&#8217;s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.7<\/span><span>Formats and provenance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">This edition in every format<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Format<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it is<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Web edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>Draft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Print edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indicator data<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CSV \u00b7 JSON<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>16 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE data release v1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">SVG \u00b7 PNG<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIG-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-*<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slides<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No slide deck is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence brief<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML \u00b7 PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No evidence brief is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dataset with DOI<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DataCite<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>Concept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Provenance<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Edition pack<\/dt><dd>The edition&#8217;s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built<\/dd><dt>Evidence cut<\/dt><dd>NQ-FRA-2026-Q0-1, closed 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters<\/dd><dt>Self-check<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release<\/dd><dt>Review<\/dt><dd>five passes scheduled before release<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>GCRI for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Corrections<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Citepa (ed.), Rapport Secten, Gaz \u00e0 effet de serre et polluants atmosph\u00e9riques : bilan des \u00e9missions en France de 1990 \u00e0 2024, \u00e9dition 2025. Citepa, Paris, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique (ed.), Strat\u00e9gie nationale bas-carbone : projet de troisi\u00e8me strat\u00e9gie (SNBC-3). MTE, Paris, 2024\u20132025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>RTE (ed.), Bilan \u00e9lectrique 2024. RTE, Paris, February 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>RTE (ed.), Bilan \u00e9lectrique 2022. RTE, Paris, February 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France (ed.), Bilan climatique de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022 en France. M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France, Saint-Mand\u00e9, January 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Sant\u00e9 publique France (ed.), Chaleur et sant\u00e9 : bilan de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2024. Sant\u00e9 publique France, Saint-Maurice, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>INSEE (ed.), Bilan d\u00e9mographique 2024. INSEE, Paris, January 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>SDES (ed.), L\u2019environnement en France : pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements et consommations d\u2019eau. Service des donn\u00e9es et \u00e9tudes statistiques, Paris, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Gouvernement (ed.), Plan d\u2019action pour une gestion r\u00e9siliente et concert\u00e9e de l\u2019eau (Plan Eau). Paris, March 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Eurostat (ed.), Economic accounts for agriculture: agricultural output by Member State, 2024. Eurostat, Luxembourg, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>CGDD (ed.), Retrait-gonflement des argiles : plus de 10 millions de maisons individuelles potentiellement tr\u00e8s expos\u00e9es. Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique, Paris, 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>CGDD (ed.), \u00c9valuation pr\u00e9liminaire des risques d\u2019inondation : exposition de la population aux inondations par d\u00e9bordement de cours d\u2019eau. Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique, Paris.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>France Assureurs (ed.), Bilan des catastrophes naturelles et des \u00e9v\u00e9nements climatiques 2022. France Assureurs, Paris, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Observatoire national de la biodiversit\u00e9 (ed.), \u00ab \u00c9volution des populations d\u2019oiseaux communs sp\u00e9cialistes des milieux agricoles. \u00bb ONB\u2013OFB, retrieved 2026-09-30.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Haut Conseil pour le Climat (ed.), Rapport annuel 2025. HCC, Paris, July 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Sant\u00e9 publique France (ed.), Heat Waves and Health. Public Health Bulletin: A Review of Summer 2023. Sant\u00e9 publique France, Saint-Maurice, February 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Caisse centrale de r\u00e9assurance (ed.), Les catastrophes naturelles en France : bilan 1982\u20132023. CCR, Paris, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique (ed.), Troisi\u00e8me plan national d\u2019adaptation au changement climatique (PNACC-3). MTE, Paris, March 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>J. San-Miguel-Ayanz et al. (eds.), Forest Fires in Europe, Middle East and North Africa 2022. Joint Research Centre, Ispra, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Gouvernement (ed.), \u00ab <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\">Cyclone<\/a> Chido \u00e0 Mayotte \u00bb : communiqu\u00e9s et bilan, December 2024 \u2013 January 2025. Paris.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cb-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>J.-M. Robine, S. L. K. Cheung, S. Le Roy et al., \u201cDeath toll exceeded 70,000 in Europe during the summer of 2003,\u201d Comptes Rendus Biologies, vol. 331, pp. 171\u2013178, 2008.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-fra-cb-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-part-references\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cc-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/\">France 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex C<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">References and record<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Every source the edition rests on, the publication record, the corrections log and the open record.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>10 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>0 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cc-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-cc-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cc-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.1<\/span><span>40 sources<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">NR-CIT-1, editor first. A DOI is linked where the source has one; Nexus records carry a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> once the catalogue allocates it (NS-1).<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>Citepa (ed.), Rapport Secten, Gaz \u00e0 effet de serre et polluants atmosph\u00e9riques : bilan des \u00e9missions en France de 1990 \u00e0 2024, \u00e9dition 2025. Citepa, Paris, 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>Munich Re (ed.), Natural disasters in 2025: NatCatSERVICE full-year figures. Munich Re, Munich, January 2026. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Haut Conseil pour le Climat (ed.), Rapport annuel 2025. HCC, Paris, July 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Sant\u00e9 publique France (ed.), Chaleur et sant\u00e9 : bilan de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 2024. Sant\u00e9 publique France, Saint-Maurice, 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>Sant\u00e9 publique France (ed.), Heat Waves and Health. Public Health Bulletin: A Review of Summer 2023. Sant\u00e9 publique France, Saint-Maurice, February 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>INSEE (ed.), Bilan d\u00e9mographique 2024. INSEE, Paris, January 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>RTE (ed.), Bilan \u00e9lectrique 2024. RTE, Paris, February 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France (ed.), Bilan climatique de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2022 en France. M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France, Saint-Mand\u00e9, January 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique (ed.), Troisi\u00e8me plan national d\u2019adaptation au changement climatique (PNACC-3). MTE, Paris, March 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique (ed.), Trajectoire de r\u00e9chauffement de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour l\u2019adaptation au changement climatique (TRACC). MTE, Paris, 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Gouvernement (ed.), Plan d\u2019action pour une gestion r\u00e9siliente et concert\u00e9e de l\u2019eau (Plan Eau). Paris, March 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>SDES (ed.), L\u2019environnement en France : pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements et consommations d\u2019eau. Service des donn\u00e9es et \u00e9tudes statistiques, Paris, retrieved 2026-09-30. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>France Assureurs (ed.), Bilan des catastrophes naturelles et des \u00e9v\u00e9nements climatiques 2022. France Assureurs, Paris, 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Caisse centrale de r\u00e9assurance (ed.), Les catastrophes naturelles en France : bilan 1982\u20132023. CCR, Paris, 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Parlement (ed.), Loi n\u00b0 82-600 du 13 juillet 1982 relative \u00e0 l\u2019indemnisation des victimes de catastrophes naturelles. Journal officiel, Paris, 1982. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Parlement (ed.), Loi n\u00b0 2021-1104 du 22 ao\u00fbt 2021 portant lutte contre le d\u00e9r\u00e8glement climatique et renforcement de la r\u00e9silience face \u00e0 ses effets. Journal officiel, Paris, 2021. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Parlement (ed.), Loi n\u00b0 2019-1147 du 8 novembre 2019 relative \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9nergie et au climat. Journal officiel, Paris, 2019. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Observatoire national de la biodiversit\u00e9 (ed.), \u00ab \u00c9volution des populations d\u2019oiseaux communs sp\u00e9cialistes des milieux agricoles. \u00bb ONB\u2013OFB, retrieved 2026-09-30. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>UICN Comit\u00e9 fran\u00e7ais, OFB and MNHN (eds.), La Liste rouge des esp\u00e8ces menac\u00e9es en France. Paris, retrieved 2026-09-30. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>J. San-Miguel-Ayanz et al. (eds.), Forest Fires in Europe, Middle East and North Africa 2022. Joint Research Centre, Ispra, 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>CGDD (ed.), Retrait-gonflement des argiles : plus de 10 millions de maisons individuelles potentiellement tr\u00e8s expos\u00e9es. Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique, Paris, 2021. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 7<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>CGDD (ed.), \u00c9valuation pr\u00e9liminaire des risques d\u2019inondation : exposition de la population aux inondations par d\u00e9bordement de cours d\u2019eau. Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique, Paris. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>Eurostat (ed.), Economic accounts for agriculture: agricultural output by Member State, 2024. Eurostat, Luxembourg, 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Agreste (ed.), GraphAgri 2024. Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Agriculture et de la Souverainet\u00e9 alimentaire, Paris, 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>RTE (ed.), Bilan \u00e9lectrique 2022. RTE, Paris, February 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Gouvernement (ed.), \u00ab <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\">Cyclone<\/a> Chido \u00e0 Mayotte \u00bb : communiqu\u00e9s et bilan, December 2024 \u2013 January 2025. Paris. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 3<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> 2023: Synthesis Report. IPCC, Geneva, 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>S. V. Buldyrev, R. Parshani, G. Paul, H. E. Stanley and S. Havlin, \u201cCatastrophic cascade of failures in interdependent networks,\u201d Nature, vol. 464, pp. 1025\u20131028, 2010.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.13850054\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054<\/a> <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>WMO (ed.), State of the Global Climate 2025, WMO-No. 1391. WMO, Geneva, March 2026.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports, The Foundational Edition, Volumes I and II. Reports series, Edition 2026\u20132030, V1.0. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026, Baseline Edition. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global Water Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026, Baseline Edition. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Exponential Technology Report 2026, AI and Agentic Systems, Baseline Edition. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), United Kingdom Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026, Baseline Edition. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Canada Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026, Baseline Edition. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>European Parliament and Council of the European Union (eds.), Regulation (EU) 2021\/1119 establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality (European Climate Law). Official Journal L 243, 9 July 2021. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>J.-M. Robine, S. L. K. Cheung, S. Le Roy et al., \u201cDeath toll exceeded 70,000 in Europe during the summer of 2003,\u201d Comptes Rendus Biologies, vol. 331, pp. 171\u2013178, 2008. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-fra-ref-40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>Minist\u00e8re de la Transition \u00e9cologique (ed.), Strat\u00e9gie nationale bas-carbone : projet de troisi\u00e8me strat\u00e9gie (SNBC-3). MTE, Paris, 2024\u20132025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cc-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-cc-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cc-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.2<\/span><span>Publication record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Title<\/dt><dd>France <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026, Baseline Edition<\/dd><dt>Series<\/dt><dd>Reports \u00b7 Edition 2026\u20132030<\/dd><dt>Edition<\/dt><dd>Baseline Edition 2026 \u00b7 inaugural annual<\/dd><dt>Version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 \u00b7 draft for stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Publication date<\/dt><dd>October 2026<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>concept and version DOI at deposit<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publisher<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Place<\/dt><dd>Toronto<\/dd><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor<\/dd><dt>Stewards<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 technical truth \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 public meaning \u00b7 GRA \u00b7 capital meaning<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>text CC BY 4.0; data on the terms of each source<\/dd><dt>Copyright<\/dt><dd>\u00a9 2026 GCRI \u00b7 Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Language<\/dt><dd>English (en-GB) source edition<\/dd><dt>Correspondence<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway \u00b7 editorial office<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">DISCLAIMER<\/p><p>This edition is published for research, planning and public understanding. It is not a government assessment, an official warning, a rating, a certification, investment advice or an operational authorisation. Reasonable care has been taken with every source; consult the cited originals before relying on any value.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Colophon<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Format<\/dt><dd>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF<\/dd><dt>Typefaces<\/dt><dd>Space Grotesk (display) \u00b7 Geist (text) \u00b7 IBM Plex Sans Italic (standfirsts) \u00b7 IBM Plex Mono (data)<\/dd><dt>Design standard<\/dt><dd>Reports Foundational Edition, Volume I, Part VII<\/dd><dt>Accessibility<\/dt><dd>tagged PDF and HTML targets; text alternatives for every figure<\/dd><dt>Production<\/dt><dd>Reports editorial team, GCRI<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HOW TO CORRECT THIS EDITION<\/p><p>Report errors, omissions or objections through the Registry correction pathway. Each report is logged and answered; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version, and the original remains resolvable.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Release path for this version<\/h3><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cc-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table C.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Release path for this version<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">When<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Draft<\/td><td>editorial self-check complete at evidence close<\/td><td>October 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Steward review<\/td><td>five passes on the exact draft (keys T \u00b7 M \u00b7 F \u00b7 N)<\/td><td>Q4 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approval<\/td><td>publication authority approves the exact digest<\/td><td>before release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deposit<\/td><td>concept and version DOI minted; registry pointer set<\/td><td>at release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Succession<\/td><td>the Q1 2027 edition reports changes against this baseline<\/td><td>Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Current version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 draft, stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Previous edition<\/dt><dd>none, first edition of the series<\/dd><dt>Next edition<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2027-Q1-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Latest version<\/dt><dd>resolve the concept DOI or the registry record<\/dd><dt>Correction route<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway<\/dd><dt>Notice types<\/dt><dd>erratum \u00b7 addendum \u00b7 supersession \u00b7 withdrawal<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NO CORRECTIONS \u2260 NO LIMITS<\/p><p>The absence of corrections does not mean the absence of limitations. Limitations and uncertainty are stated where they arise in the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><div id=\"nx-nr-fra-corrections\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cc-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-cc-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cc-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.3<\/span><span>Corrections log<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-corr\"><p class=\"nx-nr-corr-sum\"><span class=\"nx-nr-corr-n\">0<\/span><span>correction notices. No edition has been released yet, so none can be corrected; the log below lists each edition&#8217;s current version.<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Version<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Date<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Change<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Notice<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Edition\"><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">FRA<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Version\" class=\"nx-rd-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/td><td data-label=\"Date\">October 2026<\/td><td data-label=\"State\">Draft<\/td><td data-label=\"Change\">Baseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition,<\/td><td data-label=\"Notice\">None<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-rd-source\">Notice types: erratum, addendum, supersession, withdrawal. A correction is a new version with a published notice; the earlier version stays resolvable, and no edition is ever edited in silence.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-fra-outputs\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cc-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-cc-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cc-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.4<\/span><span>Open record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-os\"><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>This edition&#8217;s open record<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Series alias<\/dt><dd>NR-NAT-FRA-2026-BL<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>Concept and version DOI at deposit, on Zenodo with DataCite metadata<\/dd><dt>Versions<\/dt><dd>Each correction is a new version (isNewVersionOf); the concept DOI resolves to the latest<\/dd><dt>Bundle<\/dt><dd>RO-Crate 1.2 with CITATION.cff, CodeMeta and PROV-O provenance; a signed manifest<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Credit and identity<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>ORCID<\/dt><dd>Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record<\/dd><dt>ROR<\/dt><dd>Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone<\/dd><dt>CRediT<\/dt><dd>Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing<\/dd><dt>Account<\/dt><dd>None needed to contribute; never a password<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Find and follow<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">Search the open indexes for France; software is cited by its SWHID from Software Heritage, and a quantified scenario run is preregistered on OSF before it is run. Annotation is your choice: Hypothesis opens this page in its own viewer.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-nr-os-links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/openalex.org\/works?search=Nexus%20Reports%20France\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAlex<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.openaire.eu\/search\/find?fv0=Nexus%20Reports%20France&amp;f0=q\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAIRE<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/search\/works?q=Nexus%20Reports%20France\" rel=\"noopener\">Crossref<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.datacite.org\/?query=Nexus%20Reports%20France\" rel=\"noopener\">DataCite Commons<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/search?q=Nexus%20Reports%20France\" rel=\"noopener\">Zenodo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.softwareheritage.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Software Heritage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/prereg\/\" rel=\"noopener\">OSF preregistration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/via.hypothes.is\/https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Annotate with Hypothesis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Mirrors and harvest<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">The DOI is canonical. At release each signed bundle is also given an IPFS content identifier and a bloxberg anchor as mirrors; both are listed in the record once they exist. Zenodo exposes every record over OAI-PMH, and reviews and endorsements can arrive through COAR Notify where the repository supports it.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><figure class=\"nx-nr-code\"><figcaption class=\"nx-nr-code-cap\">InvenioRDM metadata for a contribution on France, prefilled from this page<\/figcaption><pre class=\"nx-nr-pre\" tabindex=\"0\"><code>{&#10;  &quot;metadata&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;id&quot;: &quot;dataset&quot;&#10;    },&#10;    &quot;title&quot;: &quot;Evidence on France for Nexus Reports&quot;,&#10;    &quot;publication_date&quot;: &quot;YYYY-MM-DD&quot;,&#10;    &quot;creators&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;person_or_org&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;type&quot;: &quot;personal&quot;,&#10;          &quot;family_name&quot;: &quot;Your family name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;given_name&quot;: &quot;Your given name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;identifiers&quot;: [&#10;            {&#10;              &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;orcid&quot;,&#10;              &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;0000-0000-0000-0000&quot;&#10;            }&#10;          ]&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;affiliations&quot;: [&#10;          {&#10;            &quot;id&quot;: &quot;ROR identifier of your organisation&quot;&#10;          }&#10;        ]&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;description&quot;: &quot;What it is, where its record is kept and how it bears on France Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026.&quot;,&#10;    &quot;rights&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;id&quot;: &quot;cc-by-4.0&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;subjects&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Nexus Reports&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;France&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Country Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;related_identifiers&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/&quot;,&#10;        &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;url&quot;,&#10;        &quot;relation_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;issupplementto&quot;&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;publication-report&quot;&#10;        }&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;version&quot;: &quot;1.0.0&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;custom_fields&quot;: {},&#10;  &quot;access&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;record&quot;: &quot;public&quot;,&#10;    &quot;files&quot;: &quot;public&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;files&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;enabled&quot;: true&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;parent&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;communities&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;default&quot;: &quot;nexusreports&quot;&#10;    }&#10;  }&#10;}<\/code><\/pre><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-hook\" data-nx-research-hub=\"slot\" data-nx-research-context=\"{&quot;org&quot;:&quot;GCRI&quot;,&quot;site&quot;:&quot;gcri&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;edition&quot;,&quot;subject&quot;:&quot;France&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;Country Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;]}\" hidden><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-fra-pillars\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cc-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-fra-cc-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-fra-cc-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.5<\/span><span>Where this edition sits among the six pillars<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Foundry seals the evidence and Universe tests it; Reports publishes it; Standards takes its corrections and Academy teaches from it.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F03 Sealed observations and indicator series<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F04 After-action and scenario findings for<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F05 National Portfolio movement for chapter<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Applied in editions<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>: applied in editions.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>FRA edition<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Reports<\/span> France 2026, published in every format with its sources, citation and corrections.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F06 Method and correction findings as change<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F12 Q4 synthesis informs the next-year<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Taught in the open<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Academy<\/span> Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>What Foundry and Universe hand to this edition, and what it hands to Standards, Universe and Academy. From the programme spine; FRA is a drafted Baseline Edition, so these handoffs run from its first operational quarter.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Handoff<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Between<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What crosses, and when<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F03<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F04<\/span><\/td><td>Universe to Reports<\/td><td>After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F05<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus Standards to Reports<\/td><td>Nexus Standards: applied in editions.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F06<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Nexus Standards<\/td><td>Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F12<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Universe<\/td><td>Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"academy\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Risk Academy<\/td><td>Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-noprint\"><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Send evidence or a correction on France.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/nexus-reports\/editions\/fra\/full#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-fra-full-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-fra-full-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-fra-full-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/urban-flood\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Urban flood<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/risk-science\/risk-information-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Risk information standards and interoperability<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/data\/identification-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Identification (the UNI)<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script><style>@media print { @page { margin: 20mm 17mm 20mm 17mm; @top-left { content: \"Nexus Reports\"; font: 500 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @top-right { content: \"France Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026 \\0000b7  Baseline Edition 2026\"; font: 400 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Sans\", sans-serif; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-left { content: \"NR-COUNTRY-FRA-2026-BASELINE \\0000b7  Draft, not released\"; font: 400 7pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-right { content: counter(page) \" \/ \" counter(pages); font: 500 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #000000; } } @page :first { @top-left { content: none; } @top-right { content: none; } } html, body { background: #ffffff; } nexus-header, nexus-footer, #wpadminbar, .site-header, .site-footer, #masthead, #colophon, .sidebar, .widget-area, .comments-area, .post-navigation, .entry-meta, .page-header, .elementor-location-header, .elementor-location-footer, body > header, body > footer { display: none; } .nxe-host { margin: 0; padding: 0; } }<\/style><script>(function () { var D = document; function hosts(f) { var h = D.querySelectorAll(\".nxe-host\"); for (var i = 0; i < h.length; i++) { f(h[i].shadowRoot ? 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