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\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class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><div class=\"nrp\"><div class=\"nrp-wrap\"><p class=\"nrj-draft\" data-nrj-shared=\"draft\" role=\"note\"><strong>Draft, not yet released.<\/strong> In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.<\/p><article class=\"nrp-flow\"><header class=\"nrp-hero\"><div class=\"nrp-hero-grid\"><div><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Baseline Edition 2026<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Complete edition<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 class=\"pp-hero-title nrp-hero-title-l\">African Union Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026<\/h1><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The State of the African Union\u2019s Interdependent Systems<\/p><div class=\"nrp-actions\"><button class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" type=\"button\" data-nrp-act=\"print\" hidden><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 18H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><path d=\"M6 9V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6\"\/><rect x=\"6\" y=\"14\" width=\"12\" height=\"8\" rx=\"1\"\/><\/svg>Print or save as PDF<\/button><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19 12H5\"\/><path d=\"m12 19-7-7 7-7\"\/><\/svg>Edition home<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nrp-note nrp-noprint\">Choose A4 or Letter in the print dialog; running heads and page numbers are added in print. This is a review copy: the signed PDF with its DOI is issued at release.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nrp-cover\"><div class=\"nrp-cover-top\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">AU<\/span><\/div><span class=\"nrp-cover-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"nrp-cover-k\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-t\">African Union 2026<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-s\">The State of the African Union\u2019s Interdependent Systems<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cover-foot\"><span>Baseline Edition 2026<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE<\/span><span><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> for the Nexus Consortium<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block nrp-imprint\" aria-label=\"Imprint\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Imprint<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor, the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto<\/dd><dt>Report number<\/dt><dd class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026, cut NQ-AU-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Status<\/dt><dd>Draft under stewardship review; not yet released<\/dd><dt>DOI and UNI<\/dt><dd>Issued at deposit<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>CC BY 4.0 for Nexus-authored text, tables and figures; third-party material keeps its own licence<\/dd><dt>Cite as<\/dt><dd>Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). African Union <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk and Resilience Report 2026: The State of the African Union\u2019s Interdependent Systems (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" aria-label=\"Contents\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Contents<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">\u00b7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-part-summary\">Executive summary<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-part-coupled-system\">Chapter 1. The Union\u2019s risk is shared across borders and carried by services that do not yet reach everyone<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-part-findings\">Chapter 2. Key findings<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-part-systems-and-sectors\">Chapter 3. Systems and sectors at baseline<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-part-risk-and-capability\">Chapter 4. Risks and capability<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-part-scenario\">Chapter 5. Compound drought, price and outbreak year<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-part-lenses-and-readings\">Chapter 6. Readings from the other desks<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-part-agenda\">Chapter 7. The 2027 agenda<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">8<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-part-systems-in-depth\">Chapter 8. Systems in depth<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-part-methodology\">Annex A. Methodology<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-part-data\">Annex B. Data appendix<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-part-references\">Annex C. References and record<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-part-summary\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/\">African Union 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Executive summary<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Executive summary<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The edition on a few pages: the abstract, the key messages, the headline finding and what each steward reads in it.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>21 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.1<\/span><span>Abstract<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>The African Union enters 2027 with a growing and young population, an economy that grew 4.1% in 2025 on the World Bank Sub-Saharan Africa measure, and large gaps in the services that tie water, energy, food and health together<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. In 2024, 55.1% of people in Sub-Saharan Africa had electricity, 22.9% had clean cooking, 32.4% had safely managed drinking water and 25.9% had safely managed sanitation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup>. The prevalence of undernourishment was 22.3% in 2024, and agriculture employed 49.8% of workers<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>. WMO reported that 2024 was one of the warmest years on record for Africa and that the continent had its warmest decade on record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>. This Baseline Edition fixes the 2026 reference state for the Union\u2019s five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, maps the couplings through which heat, drought, price and disease shocks travel, and sets the questions the first operational edition will answer with Foundry evidence in Q1 2027. The data read at close cover Sub-Saharan Africa only, so every figure is labelled with that scope and the AU-wide totals are shown as empty states. It ranks nothing and decides nothing.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.2<\/span><span>Key messages<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Six readings that frame the African Union baseline, and the eight questions this edition answers, each with its status and source.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-km\"><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">A young and growing population: 40.4% under 15 and growth of 2.4% a year in Sub-Saharan Africa.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Who lives in the Union?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">55.1% of people had electricity in 2024, and 22.9% had clean cooking.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How far has electricity reached?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">22.3% were undernourished in 2024, and half of workers farm.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How food secure are people?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">32.4% used safely managed drinking water and 25.9% safely managed sanitation.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How safe are water services?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Under-5 mortality fell to 71.2 per 1,000, and life expectancy was 62.8 years.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How is health changing?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">WMO reports 2024 as one of the warmest years and the warmest decade for Africa.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What does the climate record show?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">17.3% of land and 7.1% of territorial waters in 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How much nature is protected?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">A drought year across several member states, met by high food prices and a disease outbreak. SCN-AU-CLI-01<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What will Q1 2027 test first?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.3<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-ENE-002<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">In 2024, 55.1% of people in Sub-Saharan Africa had electricity, up from 46.4% in 2018, and the recent pace of about 1.5 points a year is about one fifth of the pace that universal access by 2030 would need.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure S.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-fig1-t\">People with electricity, Sub-Saharan Africa (%)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">2018<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"84.2\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">46.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">2020<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"88.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">48.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">2022<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"93.5\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">51.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">2024<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">55.1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: World Bank indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figure><p class=\"nrp-p\">A household without power also lacks reliable cooling, refrigeration, pumping and clinic equipment, so the gap shows up in water, food and health outcomes. Clean cooking is lower still, at 22.9%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>. The universal-access target in the 2030 Agenda sets the benchmark<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n51\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-r51\" aria-label=\"Note 51\">51<\/a><\/sup>; the 2025 Mission 300 declaration names the same aim for the continent<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.4<\/span><span>At a glance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1.32<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">billion<\/span><p>people, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">40.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>aged under 15, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">3.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>aged 65 or over, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">44.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>urban population, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">2.21<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">USD trillion<\/span><p>GDP, current prices, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">55<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">member states<\/span><p>in the Union at evidence close<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.5<\/span><span>What each steward reads in it<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of the Union\u2019s risk: services are thin, farming employs half of workers and the climate record is warming.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as a failed harvest, a dry tap or a dark clinic.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Disaster loss and insured-share data were not read, so the protection gap is not sized.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>The Union has strong frameworks and thinner evidence on whether water, health care and power keep running through simultaneous multi-country events.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.6<\/span><span>What this edition is, and is not<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What this edition is<\/h3><p>A baseline: the state of the African Union\u2019s water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in 2026, the dependencies that connect them, the risks that travel through them and the capabilities that hold them. It sets out the questions the operational series will answer.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What it is not<\/h3><p>Not a national <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/glossary\/risk-assessment\/\" data-tgl=\"Nexus Standards glossary\">risk assessment<\/a>, an official warning or a rating. It decides nothing about any institution or asset. Competent authorities keep every mandate they hold, and national ownership of the series is unaffected.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What comes next<\/h3><p>Q1 2027 opens the operational series with a sealed Foundry evidence cut. Each later edition reports what changed against this baseline, new observations, source revisions, method changes, scenario updates and corrections.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation, total, Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.TOTL. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cGDP growth (annual %), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation ages 0-14 (% of total population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.0014.TO.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAccess to electricity (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, data updated 8 October 2026, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAccess to clean fuels and technologies for cooking (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.CFT.ACCS.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPeople using safely managed drinking water services (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS, series compiled by the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPeople using safely managed sanitation services (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.STA.SMSS.ZS, series compiled by the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPrevalence of undernourishment (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS, series compiled by the Food and Agriculture Organization. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cEmployment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modelled ILO estimate), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Africa 2024. WMO, Geneva, 12 May 2025, summary page retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation growth (annual %), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.GROW. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cLife expectancy at birth, total (years), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.DYN.LE00.IN. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201c<a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 mortality-rate\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The number of deaths in a population over a period relative to its size.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Mortality rate<\/a>, under-5 (per 1,000 live births), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.DYN.MORT, series compiled by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cTerrestrial protected areas (% of total land area), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, ER.LND.PTLD.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cMarine protected areas (% of territorial waters), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-n51\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">51<\/span><span>United Nations General Assembly (ed.), Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, resolution A\/RES\/70\/1. United Nations, New York, 2015.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-r51\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 51\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>Heads of State and Government (eds.), Mission 300 Africa Energy Summit declaration. Dar es Salaam, January 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation ages 65 and above (% of total population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cUrban population (% of total population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cGDP (current US$), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cs-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>African Union Commission (ed.), Member States of the African Union. African Union, Addis Ababa, page states 55 member states, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-part-coupled-system\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/\">African Union 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 1<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">The Union\u2019s risk is shared across borders and carried by services that do not yet reach everyone<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Part I describes systems and their couplings. It assesses no authority and ranks no member state.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>2 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>14 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.1<\/span><span>The questions this part answers<\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Key questions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Where is the African Union\u2019s risk concentrated, and in which <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>?<\/li><li>Which couplings carry shocks from one system to the next?<\/li><li>Which capabilities hold under compound stress, and which are only documented?<\/li><li>What must the 2027 programme measure first?<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">In this part<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Narrative<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Headline finding<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Lead figure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Five system chapters<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Twelve-domain reading<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Sector screens<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Dependency matrix<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Risk objects<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Capability ladder<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Scenario<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Three lenses<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Portfolio<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.2<\/span><span>The argument<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>The African Union has 55 member states that share river basins, rangelands, coasts, grids and disease pathways<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. This baseline reads its exposure as three forces acting together: a changing climate, a young and growing population, and basic services that do not yet reach every household.<\/p><p>The demographic layer is large. Sub-Saharan Africa had 1.32 billion people in 2025, growing 2.4% a year, and 40.4% were under 15<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup>. Only 3.2% were 65 or over, so the exposure of older people to heat is not the leading demographic pattern here<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The service layer is thin. In 2024, 55.1% of people had electricity, 22.9% had clean cooking, 32.4% had safely managed drinking water and 25.9% had safely managed sanitation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup>. Each gap raises the cost of a shock for health, food and income.<\/p><p>The food layer is tied to farming. Agriculture employed 49.8% of workers in 2024, and 22.3% of people were undernourished<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>. A season of drought or a spike in prices therefore reaches half the labour force and the households least able to absorb it.<\/p><p>The climate layer is rising. WMO reports that 2024 was one of the warmest years on record for Africa and that the continent had its warmest decade<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>. The IPCC finds that climate hazards already harm food, water and health <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> on the continent<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>This edition therefore reads the Union\u2019s risk as a property of the couplings between these forces. The matrix, risk objects, capability ladder and scenario that follow ask the same two questions: where does a shock travel next, and who holds the capability to stop it?<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-fig1-t\">How far do basic services reach? Share of people with each service, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2024 (%)<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">No service reached more than 56% of people in 2024. Clean cooking was lowest at 22.9%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Electricity<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">55.1<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Safely managed drinking water<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"58.8\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">32.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Safely managed sanitation<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"47.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">25.9<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Clean cooking<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"41.6\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">22.9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: as cited in the note to this figure. Year 2024.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Figure ID FIG-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-01-003<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">55.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>electricity, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">32.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>safely managed drinking water, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">25.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>safely managed sanitation, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">22.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>clean cooking, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.3<\/span><span>Twenty couplings between five systems<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The African Union matrix types the twenty couplings between the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events; they set the starting graph that the Q1 2027 Foundry cut will test.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-fig2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-fig2-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-fig2-t\">Couplings between the five systems<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Each line is one coupling from one system to another, drawn by the strength the edition assigns. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events.<\/p><\/figcaption><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-ring\" viewBox=\"0 0 340 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Coupling ring: 20 typed couplings between water, energy, food, health and biodiversity. The matrix in the next table carries every value.\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><ul class=\"nrp-legend\"><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"STRONG\"><\/span>Strong<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"MODERATE\"><\/span>Moderate<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"WEAK\"><\/span>Weak<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: this edition&#8217;s coupling matrix (Table 1.1); status Estimated.<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling matrix: from the row system to the column system<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">From, to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">WAT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">ENE<\/th><th scope=\"col\">FOO<\/th><th scope=\"col\">HLT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">BIO<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><b>WAT<\/b> Water<\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">nuclear cooling \u00b7 hydro<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">irrigation \u00b7 rain-fed yield<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">drinking water<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>ENE<\/b> Energy<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pumping \u00b7 treatment<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fuel \u00b7 fertiliser \u00b7 cold chain<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">facility power \u00b7 cooling<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">reservoirs \u00b7 land use<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>FOO<\/b> Food<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">withdrawals \u00b7 nutrients<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">biofuel feedstock<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">nutrition \u00b7 food safety<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">land conversion<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>HLT<\/b> Health<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">labour \u00b7 disease<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">residues<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>BIO<\/b> Biodiversity<\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fire on lines \u00b7 biomass<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pollination \u00b7 soils<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">zoonoses \u00b7 smoke<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"6\">Strength: strong, moderate or weak; a Nexus estimate (status Estimated) from cited evidence and analogue events. The scale is defined in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Transmission paths<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Drought and heat cut crop and livestock output.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> IPCC assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Low flows and heat reduce safe water and raise disease risk.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> water access<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">ENE \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">No power or clean fuel raises household health and clinic risk.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> access<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">FOO \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Price and income shocks raise undernourishment.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> undernourishment trend<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">BIO \u2192 WAT, FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Forest loss changes water regulation and land use.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span> forest trend<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.4<\/span><span>Reinforcing loops<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A shock entering either system of a loop can return amplified through the other.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Pairs of systems where both directions are rated strong<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Loop<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First direction<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Second direction<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Water to biodiversity: flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/td><td>Biodiversity to water: regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Food to biodiversity: land conversion<\/td><td>Biodiversity to food: pollination \u00b7 soils<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"3\">A causal-loop reading of the matrix (Sterman, Business Dynamics, 2000): structural, from estimated strengths, not a measured feedback.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>African Union Commission (ed.), Member States of the African Union. African Union, Addis Ababa, page states 55 member states, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation, total, Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.TOTL. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation growth (annual %), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.GROW. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation ages 0-14 (% of total population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.0014.TO.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation ages 65 and above (% of total population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAccess to electricity (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, data updated 8 October 2026, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAccess to clean fuels and technologies for cooking (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.CFT.ACCS.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPeople using safely managed drinking water services (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS, series compiled by the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPeople using safely managed sanitation services (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.STA.SMSS.ZS, series compiled by the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cEmployment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modelled ILO estimate), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPrevalence of undernourishment (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS, series compiled by the Food and Agriculture Organization. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Africa 2024. WMO, Geneva, 12 May 2025, summary page retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>C. H. Trisos, I. O. Adelekan, E. Totin et al., \u201cAfrica,\u201d in H.-O. P\u00f6rtner et al. (eds.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC, chapter 9. Cambridge University Press, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c1-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cForest area (% of land area), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, AG.LND.FRST.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, latest observation 2023, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c1-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-part-findings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/\">African Union 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 2<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Key findings<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Twelve findings carry the baseline. They are grouped by system, never ranked. Each resolves to its source or, where Nexus analysis is involved, to its stated method.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>25 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.1<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-ENE-002\">NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-ENE-002<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">In 2024, 55.1% of people in Sub-Saharan Africa had electricity, up from 46.4% in 2018, and the recent pace of about 1.5 points a year is about one fifth of the pace that universal access by 2030 would need.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 2.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-fig1-t\">People with electricity, Sub-Saharan Africa (%)<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">2018<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"84.2\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">46.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">2020<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"88.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">48.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">2022<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"93.5\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">51.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">2024<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">55.1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: World Bank indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figure><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Implication<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">A household without power also lacks reliable cooling, refrigeration, pumping and clinic equipment, so the gap shows up in water, food and health outcomes. Clean cooking is lower still, at 22.9%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup>. The universal-access target in the 2030 Agenda sets the benchmark<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n51\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r51\" aria-label=\"Note 51\">51<\/a><\/sup>; the 2025 Mission 300 declaration names the same aim for the continent<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What would move it<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">The next World Bank release, the 2025 value (null at close) and national electrification programmes would each move this finding.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.2<\/span><span>Development<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-DEV-001\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-DEV-001\">NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-DEV-001<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Sub-Saharan Africa had 1.32 billion people in 2025, growing 2.4% a year, and 40.4% of them were under 15.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.3<\/span><span>Energy<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-ENE-002\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-ENE-002\">NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-ENE-002<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">In 2024, 55.1% of people in Sub-Saharan Africa had electricity, up from 46.4% in 2018; about 579 million had none (derived).<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-ENE-003\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-ENE-003\">NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-ENE-003<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Only 22.9% of people had access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking in 2024; about 994 million did not (derived).<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-ENE-004\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-ENE-004\">NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-ENE-004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Renewables supplied 32.6% of electricity output in 2021, the latest year published, and 70.3% of final energy consumption in 2020.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.4<\/span><span>Food<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-FOO-005\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-FOO-005\">NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-FOO-005<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The prevalence of undernourishment was 22.3% in 2024, up from 19.3% in 2018; about 288 million people (derived).<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-FOO-006\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-FOO-006\">NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-FOO-006<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Agriculture employed 49.8% of workers in 2024 and produced 18.0% of GDP, so farm shocks reach half the labour force.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.5<\/span><span>Water<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-WAT-007\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-WAT-007\">NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-WAT-007<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">In 2024, 32.4% of people used safely managed drinking water and 25.9% used safely managed sanitation; withdrawals were 3.4% of internal resources in 2022 on average.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.6<\/span><span>Health<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-HLT-008\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-HLT-008\">NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-HLT-008<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Under-5 mortality fell from 79.0 to 71.2 per 1,000 live births between 2018 and 2024, and life expectancy reached 62.8 years.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.7<\/span><span>Finance<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-FIN-009\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-FIN-009\">NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-FIN-009<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">GDP was USD 2.21 trillion in 2025 and grew 4.1%, with GDP per person of USD 1,673 in current terms.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.8<\/span><span>Biodiversity<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-BIO-010\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-BIO-010\">NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-BIO-010<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Protected areas covered 17.3% of land and 7.1% of territorial waters in 2025, and forest fell from 27.1% to 25.7% of land between 2015 and 2023.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.9<\/span><span>Climate forcing<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-CLI-011\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-CLI-011\">NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-CLI-011<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">WMO reported 2024 as one of the warmest years on record for Africa, and the warmest decade; CO2 emissions were 0.70 tonnes per person in 2024.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.10<\/span><span>Systemic<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\">NRF-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The leading compound pathway for 2027 testing is a drought year across several member states, met by high food prices and a disease outbreak. \u00a79.3<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAccess to electricity (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, data updated 8 October 2026, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAccess to clean fuels and technologies for cooking (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.CFT.ACCS.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n51\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">51<\/span><span>United Nations General Assembly (ed.), Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, resolution A\/RES\/70\/1. United Nations, New York, 2015.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r51\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 51\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>Heads of State and Government (eds.), Mission 300 Africa Energy Summit declaration. Dar es Salaam, January 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation, total, Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.TOTL. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation growth (annual %), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.GROW. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation ages 0-14 (% of total population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.0014.TO.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cRenewable electricity output (% of total electricity output), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, latest observation 2021, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cRenewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, latest observation 2020, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPrevalence of undernourishment (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS, series compiled by the Food and Agriculture Organization. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAgriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cEmployment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modelled ILO estimate), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPeople using safely managed drinking water services (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS, series compiled by the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPeople using safely managed sanitation services (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.STA.SMSS.ZS, series compiled by the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAnnual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, latest observation 2022, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201c<a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 mortality-rate\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The number of deaths in a population over a period relative to its size.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Mortality rate<\/a>, under-5 (per 1,000 live births), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.DYN.MORT, series compiled by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cLife expectancy at birth, total (years), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.DYN.LE00.IN. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cGDP (current US$), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cGDP per capita (current US$), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cGDP growth (annual %), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cTerrestrial protected areas (% of total land area), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, ER.LND.PTLD.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cMarine protected areas (% of territorial waters), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cForest area (% of land area), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, AG.LND.FRST.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, latest observation 2023, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Africa 2024. WMO, Geneva, 12 May 2025, summary page retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c2-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cCarbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita, Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c2-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-part-systems-and-sectors\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/\">African Union 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 3<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems and sectors at baseline<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>19 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.1<\/span><span>Where each system stood at evidence close<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WAT \u00b7 Water<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">People using safely managed drinking water<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">32.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Safely managed sanitation reached 25.9%.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">ENE \u00b7 Energy<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">People with access to electricity<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">55.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Clean cooking reached 22.9%.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FOO \u00b7 Food<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Prevalence of undernourishment<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">22.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>The share was 19.3% in 2018.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HLT \u00b7 Health<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Under-5 mortality, per 1,000 live births<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">71.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">per 1,000<\/span><p>It was 79.0 in 2018.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">BIO \u00b7 Biodiversity<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Land in terrestrial protected areas<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">17.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Marine protection was 7.1% of territorial waters.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SYS \u00b7 Cross-system<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Employment in agriculture<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">49.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Agriculture was 18.0% of GDP.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2024<\/span><span>World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.2<\/span><span>Domain posture<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each of the twelve coupled domains is read in words, not scored. The coupling column names the dependency that carries risk into other <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Each domain read in words, not scored<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Domain<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Posture at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT<\/span><\/td><td>32.4% safely managed drinking water; 25.9% safely managed sanitation (2024).<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT \u2192 HLT \u00b7 WAT \u2192 FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE<\/span><\/td><td>55.1% with electricity; 22.9% with clean cooking (2024).<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO<\/span><\/td><td>22.3% undernourished; 49.8% of employment in agriculture.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO \u2190 CLI, WAT, ENE<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT<\/span><\/td><td>Under-5 mortality 71.2 per 1,000; life expectancy 62.8 years (2024).<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT \u2190 WAT, ENE, CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Protected land 17.3% and sea 7.1% (2025); forest 25.7% of land (2023).<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO \u2194 WAT, FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CLI<\/span><\/td><td>One of the warmest years on record for Africa in 2024; warmest decade.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">forcing on all systems<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF<\/span><\/td><td>Infrastructure programme is set out in PIDA; asset condition is not assessed here.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN<\/span><\/td><td>GDP USD 2.21 trillion in 2025; disaster losses and insured share not shown.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN \u2190 CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT<\/span><\/td><td>Digital dependencies of lifelines are not mapped at public-safe resolution.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT \u2192 ENE, FIN<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC<\/span><\/td><td>Data-centre power and water demand is not shown.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC \u2192 ENE, WAT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN<\/span><\/td><td>Mineral supply chains are not shown in this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN \u2190 TRD<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD<\/span><\/td><td>The African Continental Free Trade Area agreement is in force; trade volumes are not shown.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.3<\/span><span>Sector screens<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">All sixteen sectors are screened on the same grammar, so that later editions can say what changed. The evidence column describes coverage of the baseline evidence, not the performance of the sector.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Sectors: baseline evidence and the exposure to watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Code<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Sector<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Exposure to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-00<\/span><\/td><td>Cross-system<\/td><td>compound drought, price and outbreak stress<\/td><td>drought met by high prices and disease<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-01<\/span><\/td><td>Water<\/td><td>safely managed water 32.4%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>drought; flood<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-02<\/span><\/td><td>Energy<\/td><td>electricity 55.1%; clean cooking 22.9%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>supply shortfall; fuel price<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-03<\/span><\/td><td>Food<\/td><td>undernourishment 22.3%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>price and input shocks<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-04<\/span><\/td><td>Health<\/td><td>under-5 mortality 71.2 per 1,000<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>outbreak and heat load<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-05<\/span><\/td><td>Finance<\/td><td>GDP USD 2.21 trillion<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup>; losses not shown<\/td><td>catastrophe fiscal cost<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-06<\/span><\/td><td>Development<\/td><td>1.32 billion people; 40.4% under 15<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>service strain in fast-growing areas<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-07<\/span><\/td><td>Climate<\/td><td>warmest decade on record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat; drought; flood<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-08<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster<\/td><td>AU Sendai programme in place<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>simultaneous events in several states<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-09<\/span><\/td><td>Infrastructure<\/td><td>PIDA programme<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup>; asset condition not mapped<\/td><td>cross-border grid and transport links<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-10<\/span><\/td><td>Cities<\/td><td>urban share 44.7%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup>; city-scale exposure not mapped<\/td><td>heat; flooding<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-11<\/span><\/td><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>protected land 17.3%; forest 25.7%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>land use; fire<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-12<\/span><\/td><td>Earth observation<\/td><td>annual WMO regional reports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>continuity<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-13<\/span><\/td><td>Cyber and digital<\/td><td>dependencies not mapped<\/td><td>systemic outages<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-14<\/span><\/td><td>Policy<\/td><td>Agenda 2063 and climate strategy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>coordination across 55 states<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-15<\/span><\/td><td>Science<\/td><td>IPCC and IPBES assessments for Africa<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>translation to national scale<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPeople using safely managed drinking water services (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS, series compiled by the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAccess to electricity (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, data updated 8 October 2026, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPrevalence of undernourishment (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS, series compiled by the Food and Agriculture Organization. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201c<a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 mortality-rate\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The number of deaths in a population over a period relative to its size.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Mortality rate<\/a>, under-5 (per 1,000 live births), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.DYN.MORT, series compiled by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cTerrestrial protected areas (% of total land area), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, ER.LND.PTLD.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cEmployment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modelled ILO estimate), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAccess to clean fuels and technologies for cooking (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.CFT.ACCS.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cGDP (current US$), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation, total, Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.TOTL. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation ages 0-14 (% of total population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.0014.TO.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Africa 2024. WMO, Geneva, 12 May 2025, summary page retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>African Union Commission (ed.), Programme of Action for the Implementation of the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015 to 2030 in Africa. African Union, Addis Ababa.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>African Union Commission and AUDA-NEPAD (eds.), Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA) Priority Action Plan 2021 to 2030. African Union, Addis Ababa.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cUrban population (% of total population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cForest area (% of land area), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, AG.LND.FRST.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, latest observation 2023, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>African Union Commission (ed.), Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want, framework document. African Union, Addis Ababa, 2015.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>African Union Commission (ed.), African Union <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> and Resilient Development Strategy and Action Plan (2022 to 2032). African Union, Addis Ababa, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>C. H. Trisos, I. O. Adelekan, E. Totin et al., \u201cAfrica,\u201d in H.-O. P\u00f6rtner et al. (eds.), Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC, chapter 9. Cambridge University Press, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c3-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>E. Archer, L. Dziba, K. J. Mulongoy et al. (eds.), The Regional Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for Africa. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2018.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c3-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-part-risk-and-capability\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/\">African Union 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 4<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Risks and capability<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Four risk objects open the portfolio. Order carries no rank. Each is read across driver, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, cascade and consequence.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>4 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>18 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.1<\/span><span>Risk objects<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each risk is read across the chain from hazard to consequence, with its status and evidence-quality level.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-AU-CLI-001<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Drought across several member states in one season<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>failed rains and heat in several regions at once<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>farming households and rain-fed <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>; 49.8% of employment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>undernourishment 22.3%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>AU climate strategy<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup>; <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">early warning<\/a> not assessed here<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 FOO, WAT, HLT<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>seasonal<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-AU-ENE-002<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Household and clinic power and cooking gaps persist<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>slow pace of access gains<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>households without electricity or clean cooking<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>55.1% with electricity; 22.9% with clean cooking<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>Mission 300 declaration<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>ENE \u2192 HLT, WAT, FOO<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1 to 5 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-AU-HLT-003<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Outbreaks cross borders faster than response<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>cholera, mpox and other pathogens<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>dense settlements and mobile populations<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>safely managed water 32.4%; sanitation 25.9%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>Africa CDC communiqu\u00e9s in operation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>WAT \u2192 HLT \u2192 FOO, FIN<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>seasonal<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-AU-FIN-004<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Uninsured disaster losses reach public budgets<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>floods, drought, storms and cyclones<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>households and public infrastructure<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>loss and insured-share data not read in this edition<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>national schemes; not assessed<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 FIN \u2192 public budgets<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>annual<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.2<\/span><span>Capability ladder<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Existence is not readiness. Each of the fifteen capability functions is placed on the ladder by the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 4.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Capabilities on the ladder of evidence: listed, exists, demonstrated, tested<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Function<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rung<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Level<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Strongest public evidence at baseline<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Prevention and mitigation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>AU climate strategy 2022 to 2032<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-n30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoring and observation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>DEMONSTRATED<\/td><td>annual WMO State of the Climate in Africa<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>continental early warning not assessed in this edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preparedness and planning<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>AU Sendai programme<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup>; <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-n44\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-r44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Redundancy and reserves<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>not assessed in this edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Response<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>DEMONSTRATED<\/td><td>Africa CDC outbreak communiqu\u00e9s, including the mpox emergency lifted in 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Continuity of critical services<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>asset condition not mapped at public-safe resolution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recovery<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>recovery funding routes not assessed in this edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adaptation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>AU climate strategy and Nairobi Declaration<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-n30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Social protection<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>not assessed in this edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance and insurance<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>loss and cover data not read in this edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Institutional coordination<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>Constitutive Act and Agenda 2063<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Technical infrastructure<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>PIDA programme<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup>; condition not assessed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Workforce<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>not assessed in this edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Research capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>ADEQUATE<\/td><td>IPCC and IPBES assessments for Africa<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"4\">A capability listed in policy is not a tested one; each rung is the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cEmployment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modelled ILO estimate), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPrevalence of undernourishment (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS, series compiled by the Food and Agriculture Organization. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>African Union Commission (ed.), African Union <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> and Resilient Development Strategy and Action Plan (2022 to 2032). African Union, Addis Ababa, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAccess to electricity (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, data updated 8 October 2026, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAccess to clean fuels and technologies for cooking (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.CFT.ACCS.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>Heads of State and Government (eds.), Mission 300 Africa Energy Summit declaration. Dar es Salaam, January 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPeople using safely managed drinking water services (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS, series compiled by the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPeople using safely managed sanitation services (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.STA.SMSS.ZS, series compiled by the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (ed.), Mpox updates, including the communiqu\u00e9 dated 22 January 2026 on lifting the Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (title read; full text not read). Africa CDC, Addis Ababa, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Africa 2024. WMO, Geneva, 12 May 2025, summary page retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>African Union Commission (ed.), Programme of Action for the Implementation of the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015 to 2030 in Africa. African Union, Addis Ababa.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-n44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNDRR (ed.), Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 to 2030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-r44\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 44\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>Africa Climate Summit (ed.), Nairobi Declaration. Africa Climate Summit, Nairobi, September 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>African Union Commission (ed.), Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want, framework document. African Union, Addis Ababa, 2015.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>African Union (ed.), Constitutive Act of the African Union. African Union, Lome, 2000.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>African Union Commission and AUDA-NEPAD (eds.), Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA) Priority Action Plan 2021 to 2030. African Union, Addis Ababa.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>C. H. Trisos, I. O. Adelekan, E. Totin et al., \u201cAfrica,\u201d in H.-O. P\u00f6rtner et al. (eds.), Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC, chapter 9. Cambridge University Press, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c4-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>E. Archer, L. Dziba, K. J. Mulongoy et al. (eds.), The Regional Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for Africa. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2018.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c4-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-part-scenario\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/\">African Union 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 5<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Compound drought, price and outbreak year<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">A conditional statement under stated assumptions, never a prediction.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>3 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>7 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.1<\/span><span>Assumptions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Scenario SCN-AU-CLI-01: what is assumed, and what is held constant.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Baseline<\/dt><dd>the 2026 reference state in this edition<\/dd><dt>Drivers<\/dt><dd>failed rains and heat across several regions of the continent, with high food prices and a cholera or similar outbreak in the same year<\/dd><dt>Analogues<\/dt><dd>the undernourishment trend since 2018<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c5-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup>; the WMO decade record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c5-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Interventions<\/dt><dd>none modelled; the specification describes the unmitigated case<\/dd><dt>Run state<\/dt><dd>narrative specification; quantified Foundry run scheduled for Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.2<\/span><span>The cascade, step by step<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">drought and heat cut crop and livestock output<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">IPCC assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c5-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">FOO \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">prices rise and undernourishment grows<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">trend<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c5-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">low flows cut safe water supply<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">water access<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c5-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">WAT \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">unsafe water and weak sanitation raise outbreak risk<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">sanitation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c5-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">ENE \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">power and cooking gaps limit clinic and household response<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">access<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c5-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c5-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">HLT \u2192 FIN<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">public budgets absorb relief and response costs<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">to be bound in 2027<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.3<\/span><span>The scenario as a table of steps<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">How the shock in scenario SCN-AU-CLI-01 would travel through African Union&#8217;s coupled <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, step by step, under the assumptions the edition states.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Climate to food<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Drought and heat cut crop and livestock output. Analogue or source: IPCC assessment [38].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition AU, scenario SCN-AU-CLI-01, step 1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 Food to health<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Prices rise and undernourishment grows. Analogue or source: trend [16].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition AU, scenario SCN-AU-CLI-01, step 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 Climate to water<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Low flows cut safe water supply. Analogue or source: water access [22].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition AU, scenario SCN-AU-CLI-01, step 3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 Water to health<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Unsafe water and weak sanitation raise outbreak risk. Analogue or source: sanitation [23].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition AU, scenario SCN-AU-CLI-01, step 4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 Energy to health<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Power and cooking gaps limit clinic and household response. Analogue or source: access [17] [18].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition AU, scenario SCN-AU-CLI-01, step 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Health to finance<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Public budgets absorb relief and response costs. Analogue or source: to be bound in 2027.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition AU, scenario SCN-AU-CLI-01, step 6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of a conditional scenario under the edition&#8217;s stated assumptions: not a forecast, not a prediction and not a warning. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/scenario\/\" rel=\"noopener\">African Union 2026, scenario SCN-AU-CLI-01<\/a> (2026); African Union 2026, references (NR-CIT-1) (2026).<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPrevalence of undernourishment (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS, series compiled by the Food and Agriculture Organization. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c5-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Africa 2024. WMO, Geneva, 12 May 2025, summary page retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c5-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>C. H. Trisos, I. O. Adelekan, E. Totin et al., \u201cAfrica,\u201d in H.-O. P\u00f6rtner et al. (eds.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC, chapter 9. Cambridge University Press, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c5-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPeople using safely managed drinking water services (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS, series compiled by the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c5-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPeople using safely managed sanitation services (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.STA.SMSS.ZS, series compiled by the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c5-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAccess to electricity (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, data updated 8 October 2026, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c5-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c5-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAccess to clean fuels and technologies for cooking (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.CFT.ACCS.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c5-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-part-lenses-and-readings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/\">African Union 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 6<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Readings from the other desks<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The baseline is read through each steward\u2019s lens, then once as a whole. Each lens is a projection of reviewed findings, not a separate argument. The other desks&#8217; own editions of this subject are listed first, as cross-references, not copies.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>14 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>8 tables<\/span><span>49 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.1<\/span><span>The other desks&#8217; editions of this subject<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Federation: each desk writes its own edition for the subjects in its remit. Until a desk releases, its edition shows its frame and the reading this edition printed for it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Desk<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-host=\"true\"><th scope=\"row\">GCRI Systems Evidence<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRF Public Deliberation<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRA Capital Readiness<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Standards Progress<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Academy Capability<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Index Measurement<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.2<\/span><span>Three lenses<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">One edition, read by each steward. The lens of this site comes first.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\" data-host=\"true\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of the Union\u2019s risk: services are thin, farming employs half of workers and the climate record is warming. Evidence is strongest for population, access and mortality series and weakest for losses, capacity and AU-wide totals.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">DEV-001 \u00b7 ENE-002 \u00b7 FOO-005 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRF \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as a failed harvest, a dry tap or a dark clinic. The baseline asks that public debate weigh how a young population and growing cities change who needs which service first.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">WAT-007 \u00b7 HLT-008 \u00b7 FOO-006<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRA \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Disaster loss and insured-share data were not read, so the protection gap is not sized. This shows where finance-readiness evidence will matter. Nothing here is advice, a rating or a recommendation to invest.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">FIN-009 \u00b7 CLI-011<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>The Union has strong frameworks and thinner evidence on whether water, health care and power keep running through simultaneous multi-country events. The 2027 programme should map cross-border dependencies, test the compound year and measure access, price and outbreak exposure.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">SYS-012 \u00b7 A-01 \u00b7 A-02<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.3<\/span><span>Standards, Academy and steward contributions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">How the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> drafts, the Risk Academy and the three stewards feed each quarterly edition for the African Union. The standards are preparatory working drafts (October 2026) and are cited as drafts, never as adopted standards.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The quarterly rhythm every edition follows<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Quarter<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Boundary<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Q1<\/td><td>State and Agenda<\/td><td>What matters this year, and what is the starting position?<\/td><td>observed baseline stays distinct from planned work<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q2<\/td><td>Evidence and Build<\/td><td>What new evidence and capability have been developed?<\/td><td>a configured capability is not a validated result<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q3<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stress Test<\/a> and Readiness<\/td><td>What do scenarios and tests reveal?<\/td><td>simulated loss or performance is not observed impact<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q4<\/td><td>Annual Synthesis and Renewal<\/td><td>What did the year establish, and what changes next?<\/td><td>release follows review, not event publicity deadlines<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Who contributes what each quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Steward or body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contribution route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GCRI Canada<\/td><td>Lead Institution and Consortium Secretariat; publisher of record; technical truth (key T)<\/td><td>science and practice communities \u00b7 GCRI gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Forum (GRF)<\/td><td>leadership, dialogue and the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> programme; public meaning (key M)<\/td><td>policy, Universe and national adoption \u00b7 GRF gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)<\/td><td>finance, insurance and development readiness; capital meaning (key F)<\/td><td>finance and insurance \u00b7 GRA gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nexus Standards<\/td><td>preparatory drafts on vocabulary, hazards, indicators and methods<\/td><td>Standards site \u00b7 working groups HAZ, IND, MTH, FIN, AI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk Academy<\/td><td>learning pathways tied to the agenda questions<\/td><td>Academy gateway \u00b7 learning by review<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>African Union<\/td><td>national pathway: Desk, Leadership Council, Consortium, Working Groups<\/td><td>national Commons room<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards drafts used in this edition<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Risk vocabulary NRS-C1 (424 terms) for terms in the glossary<\/li><li>Hazard atlas NHS-1 1.1.0 (905 hazards in 120 families) for risk objects<\/li><li>Seven risk classes: global, catastrophic, existential, emerging, planetary, exponential, frontier-tech<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards calendar to watch<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Founding calls from 20 October 2026; working groups meet from 5 November 2026<\/li><li>Inaugural Global Standards Council session, 12 January 2027<\/li><li>Quarterly reviews in March, June, September and December, aligned with each edition<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Nothing here certifies. A Nexus attestation records an evaluation under a mandate; it confers no certification, endorsement or approval. National adoption of any standard is a decision of the national standards council.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.4<\/span><span>GCRI reading: the model card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-p\">GCRI&#8217;s reading of this edition is its model card: what the national model is, what it computes and where it stops. It is printed in full in Annex A, with the methods it belongs to. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/methodology\/\">Annex A, methodology<\/a><\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.5<\/span><span>Global Risks Forum reading: editorial essays<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Four signed essays by the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> editorial team set out the positions this edition takes. They are interpretation, labelled as such; the evidence they draw on is in the findings register.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Rain, rivers, markets and pathogens do not stop at a border. The baseline treats the Union as one coupled system whose 55 states carry unequal exposure, not as 55 separate ones.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 01<\/h3><p>The risk is shared<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">With 55.1% of people on electricity and 32.4% on safely managed water, a shock lands on households with little buffer. Access to basic services is a risk measure as much as a development one.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 02<\/h3><p>Services are the first defence<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Half of workers farm, and one in five people is undernourished. A bad season is therefore an income shock, a price shock and a health shock together.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 03<\/h3><p>Farming carries the economy<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Many of the figures a risk reader needs, such as AU-wide totals, losses and capacity, were not available to this edition. The programme for 2027 starts by closing those gaps, not by estimating them.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 04<\/h3><p>Evidence is the gap<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Essays are signed views of the editorial team. Contributed articles from working groups, consortium institutions and invited experts begin with the Q1 2027 edition, each with its own review route and disclosures.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.6<\/span><span>Global Risks Alliance reading: q1 2027 readiness pack<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The registers that open the first operational quarter. At baseline each is initialised from this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Q1 2027 readiness pack<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Register<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First Q1 2027 entry<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>E1<\/td><td>National risk state delta<\/td><td>baseline set by this edition<\/td><td>changes against the baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E2<\/td><td>WEFH+B state delta<\/td><td>five system readings set<\/td><td>indicator updates and freshness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E3<\/td><td>Agenda and Portfolio movement<\/td><td>eight agenda items \u00b7 7 proposed objects<\/td><td>admission decisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E4<\/td><td>NWG delivery register<\/td><td>no groups yet<\/td><td>first monthly outputs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E5<\/td><td>NNC capability register<\/td><td>membership opens in Q1 2027<\/td><td>first contributions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E6<\/td><td>NLC questions and challenges<\/td><td>none yet<\/td><td>first challenge log<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E7<\/td><td>Foundry technical state<\/td><td>environment prepared<\/td><td>first sealed cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E8<\/td><td>Publication candidates<\/td><td>twelve findings carried forward<\/td><td>PUBLISH \u00b7 HOLD dispositions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E9<\/td><td>Universe readiness<\/td><td>one candidate mission<\/td><td>admission and role spine<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E10<\/td><td>Correction register<\/td><td>none<\/td><td>first correction cycle<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication dispositions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Publish<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hold<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Needs evidence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Restricted<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Superseded<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Programme progress is not real-world risk improvement. These registers record the work of the Nexus programme; they report on no public authority.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.7<\/span><span>Nexus Standards reading: standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Instruments that shape the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in this edition, by status on the retrieval date. The edition assesses no one\u2019s compliance.<\/p><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">IN FORCE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ADOPTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SUBMITTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">UNDER REVIEW<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instrument<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Scope<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Relevance<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Constitutive Act of the African Union<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>African Union<\/td><td>continental<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>institutional basis<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>African Union Commission<\/td><td>continental<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2015<\/td><td>development framework<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> and Resilient Development Strategy and Action Plan 2022 to 2032<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>African Union Commission<\/td><td>continental<\/td><td>ADOPTED<\/td><td>adaptation and mitigation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Programme of Action for the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> in Africa<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n44\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>African Union Commission \u00b7 UNDRR<\/td><td>continental<\/td><td>ADOPTED<\/td><td>disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">risk reduction<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Agreement establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>African Union<\/td><td>continental<\/td><td>IN FORCE 2019<\/td><td>trade<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Malabo Declaration<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup> and Kampala CAADP Declaration<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>African Union<\/td><td>continental<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2014 \u00b7 2025<\/td><td>agriculture and food systems<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PIDA Priority Action Plan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>African Union \u00b7 AUDA-NEPAD<\/td><td>continental<\/td><td>PUBLISHED<\/td><td>infrastructure<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mission 300 declaration<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Dar es Salaam energy summit<\/td><td>continental<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Declared<\/span><\/td><td>electrification<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n51\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r51\" aria-label=\"Note 51\">51<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>United Nations<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2015<\/td><td>SDG targets<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kunming-Montreal Framework<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n45\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CBD<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2022<\/td><td>30by30<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n46\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Note 46\">46<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNFCCC<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>emissions and adaptation<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Changed since 2024<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>The Kampala CAADP declaration was adopted in January 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The Mission 300 energy summit declaration was made in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Africa CDC announced the lifting of the mpox continental emergency in a communiqu\u00e9 dated 22 January 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">To watch in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Delivery reporting on the Kampala CAADP declaration<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Progress on Mission 300 electrification<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Next reporting round on the Sendai Framework in Africa<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Status is read from the issuing body on the retrieval date. A change in status opens a review task for every finding that relies on the instrument.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.8<\/span><span>Risk Academy reading: literature and evidence review, science and assessments<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The review behind this edition covers peer-reviewed science, national and international assessments and the institutional reports that bind its findings. Full systematic reviews begin in Q1 2027 for each agenda item.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Review protocol<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Question<\/dt><dd>What does the published evidence establish about the African Union\u2019s coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity risks?<\/dd><dt>Sources searched<\/dt><dd>peer-reviewed literature; national and international assessments; official releases; industry loss data<\/dd><dt>Window<\/dt><dd>releases available at evidence close, 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Selection<\/dt><dd>sources that bind or contextualise a finding in this edition<\/dd><dt>Next step<\/dt><dd>systematic reviews for agenda items A-01 to A-05 in Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Science and assessments<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Lee and Romero (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>forcing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>McElwee et al. (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n47\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r47\" aria-label=\"Note 47\">47<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>nexus interlinkages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zscheischler et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n48\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r48\" aria-label=\"Note 48\">48<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>compound events<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Trisos et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment chapter<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>climate impacts in Africa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IPBES regional assessment for Africa<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>biodiversity and nature<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Foundational Edition<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n49\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r49\" aria-label=\"Note 49\">49<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>edition<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>series model<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Institutional reports<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>State of the Climate in Africa 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>WMO<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>climate record<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global Assessment Report 2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNDRR<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>disaster risk<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Africa Energy Outlook 2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IEA<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>energy access<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Agenda 2063<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>African Union Commission<\/td><td>2015<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>continental framework<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate strategy 2022 to 2032<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>African Union Commission<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>adaptation<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Official statistics and national sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Population series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Access series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>services<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food and farming series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2024 to 2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>food<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>health<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protected areas and forest<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2023 to 2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>biodiversity<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Industry, loss data and international sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Economic series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>economy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Emissions and renewables<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>2020 to 2024<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>energy and climate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population database<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UN DESA<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>AU-wide totals to be bound<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mpox communiqu\u00e9<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Africa CDC<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>health response<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nexus global baseline<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n50\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r50\" aria-label=\"Note 50\">50<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>GCRI<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>series peers<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where the evidence agrees<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Africa is warming and the last decade was the warmest on record<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Basic service gaps raise the cost of shocks<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Farming is central to livelihoods<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where it is unsettled<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>How Sub-Saharan Africa series compare with AU-wide totals<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How fast access to electricity and clean cooking can rise<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How much of the undernourishment trend is climate, price or conflict driven<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEWS AND PREPRINTS<\/p><p>No news report or preprint binds a finding in this edition. News is used only to date events; preprints used from Q1 2027 will be flagged as not peer-reviewed.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>African Union (ed.), Constitutive Act of the African Union. African Union, Lome, 2000.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>African Union Commission (ed.), Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want, framework document. African Union, Addis Ababa, 2015.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>African Union Commission (ed.), African Union <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> and Resilient Development Strategy and Action Plan (2022 to 2032). African Union, Addis Ababa, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>African Union Commission (ed.), Programme of Action for the Implementation of the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015 to 2030 in Africa. African Union, Addis Ababa.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNDRR (ed.), Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 to 2030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 44\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>African Union (ed.), Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area. African Union, Kigali, 2018.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>African Union (ed.), Malabo Declaration on Accelerated Agricultural Growth and Transformation for Shared Prosperity and Improved Livelihoods. African Union, Malabo, 2014.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>African Union (ed.), Kampala CAADP Declaration, Extraordinary Summit on the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme. African Union, Kampala, January 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>African Union Commission and AUDA-NEPAD (eds.), Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA) Priority Action Plan 2021 to 2030. African Union, Addis Ababa.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>Heads of State and Government (eds.), Mission 300 Africa Energy Summit declaration. Dar es Salaam, January 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n51\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">51<\/span><span>United Nations General Assembly (ed.), Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, resolution A\/RES\/70\/1. United Nations, New York, 2015.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r51\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 51\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 45\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNFCCC (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>. United Nations, Paris, 2015.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 46\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (ed.), Mpox updates, including the communiqu\u00e9 dated 22 January 2026 on lifting the Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (title read; full text not read). Africa CDC, Addis Ababa, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.), Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.13850054\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r47\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 47\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r48\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 48\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>C. H. Trisos, I. O. Adelekan, E. Totin et al., \u201cAfrica,\u201d in H.-O. P\u00f6rtner et al. (eds.), Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC, chapter 9. Cambridge University Press, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>E. Archer, L. Dziba, K. J. Mulongoy et al. (eds.), The Regional Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for Africa. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2018.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n49\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">49<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports: The Foundational Edition, Volumes I and II. Reports series, Edition 2026\u20132030, V1.0. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r49\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 49\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Africa 2024. WMO, Geneva, 12 May 2025, summary page retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNDRR (ed.), Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2022: Our World at Risk. UNDRR, Geneva, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>International Energy Agency (ed.), Africa Energy Outlook 2022, World Energy Outlook special report. IEA, Paris, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation, total, Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.TOTL. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation growth (annual %), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.GROW. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation ages 0-14 (% of total population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.0014.TO.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation ages 65 and above (% of total population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cUrban population (% of total population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAccess to electricity (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, data updated 8 October 2026, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAccess to clean fuels and technologies for cooking (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.CFT.ACCS.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPeople using safely managed drinking water services (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS, series compiled by the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPeople using safely managed sanitation services (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.STA.SMSS.ZS, series compiled by the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAgriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cEmployment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modelled ILO estimate), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPrevalence of undernourishment (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS, series compiled by the Food and Agriculture Organization. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cLife expectancy at birth, total (years), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.DYN.LE00.IN. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201c<a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 mortality-rate\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The number of deaths in a population over a period relative to its size.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Mortality rate<\/a>, under-5 (per 1,000 live births), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.DYN.MORT, series compiled by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cTerrestrial protected areas (% of total land area), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, ER.LND.PTLD.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cMarine protected areas (% of territorial waters), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cForest area (% of land area), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, AG.LND.FRST.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, latest observation 2023, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cGDP (current US$), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cGDP per capita (current US$), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cGDP growth (annual %), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cRenewable electricity output (% of total electricity output), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, latest observation 2021, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cRenewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, latest observation 2020, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cCarbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita, Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (ed.), World Population Prospects 2024. United Nations, New York, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n50\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">50<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r50\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 50\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c6-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>African Union Commission (ed.), Member States of the African Union. African Union, Addis Ababa, page states 55 member states, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-part-agenda\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/\">African Union 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 7<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">The 2027 agenda<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Eight bounded questions open the 2027 National Agenda. Each comes from a baseline finding, names the initiative that will carry it and the first output due at the Q1 2027 cut.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>6 tables<\/span><span>3 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.1<\/span><span>Questions for the operational series<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How would a drought year across several member states hit food, water, health and incomes at once?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-AU-CLI-01 \u00b7 compound drought stress; first output: dependency graph for two regions.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How fast can electricity and clean cooking reach people, and what limits the pace?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-AU-ENE-02 \u00b7 access pace; first output: access pace table by region.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How exposed are food <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> to price and input shocks?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-AU-FOO-03 \u00b7 food price exposure; first output: input and import dependence table.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How much outbreak response and care capacity exists, and how fast does it move across borders?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-AU-HLT-04 \u00b7 outbreak response; first output: response capability register.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Who carries disaster losses, and how large is the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a>?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-AU-FIN-05 \u00b7 protection gap; first output: loss and cover table by hazard.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How do shared river basins and lakes perform under drought and flood?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-AU-WAT-01 \u00b7 workstream; first output: basin performance note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How resilient are mineral and digital supply chains to concentrated demand?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in Q1 2027; first output: scoping note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which capabilities have been tested in real events, and which are only planned?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">AU capability register; first output: rung evidence for 15 functions.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.2<\/span><span>Portfolio proposed for the Q1 2027 alignment<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Five initiatives and one Universe mission candidate are proposed for admission at the Q1 2027 alignment. They are programme objects, no partner, funder or member is attached to them in this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Objects proposed for the first operational quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Object<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-AU-CLI-01<\/span><\/td><td>Compound drought, price and outbreak stress<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-AU-ENE-02<\/span><\/td><td>Pace of electricity and clean cooking access<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-02<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-AU-FOO-03<\/span><\/td><td>Food price and input exposure<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-03<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-AU-HLT-04<\/span><\/td><td>Outbreak response across borders<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-04<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-AU-FIN-05<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-05<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PRJ-AU-CLI-01a<\/span><\/td><td>Two-region compound stress graph<\/td><td>Project<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MSN-AU-2027-01<\/span><\/td><td>Compound drought year Universe mission<\/td><td>Mission<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.3<\/span><span>The pathway<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">African Union is the national pathway through which the Nexus operating system will run in the African Union from 2027. At baseline the pathway is designed and its records are prepared; its councils and working groups are constituted from Q1 2027. This page states what exists today and what comes next, nothing more.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">One National Agenda<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">bounded national questions for the year<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">DRAFT 2027 \u00b7 agenda review at the Q1 alignment<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Desk<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">coordination, records, routing and continuity<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">DESIGNED \u00b7 constituted in Q1 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Model<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">the country as a system of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">v0 SPECIFIED \u00b7 v1 with the first Foundry cut<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Portfolio<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">risks, capabilities, initiatives, projects, missions<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">7 PROPOSED \u00b7 admission at the Q1 alignment<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Foundry<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">continuous computational environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">PREPARED \u00b7 first sealed cut NQ-AU-2027-Q1<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Reports<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">quarterly and annual publication<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE ISSUED \u00b7 Q1 2027 \u00b7 State &amp; Agenda<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Universe<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">annual proving environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANDIDATE MISSION \u00b7 mandate set in 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Evidence and correction<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">after-action, correction and renewal<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">OPEN \u00b7 first correction cycle in Q2 2027<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.4<\/span><span>Universe 2027, evidence pack for the candidate mission<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Mandate<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Core Build \u00b7 1 month<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Action \u00b7 1 week<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Evidence seal<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Portfolio correction<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Next mandate<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Universe 2027, evidence pack for the candidate mission<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Record<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Timing<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>F1<\/td><td>Annual mandate record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>after the Q2 2027 alignment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F2<\/td><td>Core Build record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>one month before the exercise<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F3<\/td><td>Exercise evidence<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>during the Action week<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F4<\/td><td>Decision packets<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>exercise state only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F5<\/td><td>Proof receipts<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>scoped to each recorded check<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F6<\/td><td>After-action report<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>within one quarter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F7<\/td><td>Upgrade docket<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>routed to the Portfolio<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F8<\/td><td>Portfolio renewal<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>Q4 2027 annual edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F9<\/td><td>Public synthesis<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>public-safe extracts only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Mission<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>ID<\/dt><dd>MSN-AU-2027-01 \u00b7 Compound drought year Universe mission<\/dd><dt>Role spine<\/dt><dd>Leadership sponsor (NLC) \u00b7 Institutional anchor (NNC) \u00b7 Mission lead (NWG)<\/dd><dt>Receiving actors<\/dt><dd>to be identified with the mandate<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Simulation success is not deployment approval; demonstration is not certification; finance readiness is not financing secured.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.5<\/span><span>Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Where the baseline\u2019s findings go next. A handoff routes a finding for awareness, review or work; it transfers no authority.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Finding<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Routed to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Purpose<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>DEV-001 \u00b7 population<\/td><td>public record<\/td><td>reference for the 2027 series<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ENE-002 \u00b7 electricity<\/td><td>INI-AU-ENE-02<\/td><td>access pace table<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FOO-005 \u00b7 undernourishment<\/td><td>INI-AU-FOO-03<\/td><td>input exposure<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WAT-007 \u00b7 water services<\/td><td>INI-AU-CLI-01<\/td><td>two-region graph<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>HLT-008 \u00b7 health<\/td><td>INI-AU-HLT-04<\/td><td>outbreak response register<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>BIO-010 \u00b7 protection<\/td><td>INI-AU-CLI-01<\/td><td>two-region graph<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FIN-009 \u00b7 economy<\/td><td>INI-AU-FIN-05 \u00b7 key F review<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SYS-012 \u00b7 compound pathway<\/td><td>MSN-AU-2027-01<\/td><td>Universe candidate<\/td><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Routing rules by publication class<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Where it goes<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Who can see it<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>PUBLIC<\/td><td>the published edition and its evidence bundle<\/td><td>anyone<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><td>governed rooms of the national pathway<\/td><td>consortium members under agreement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONTROLLED<\/td><td>need-to-know channels<\/td><td>named competent actors only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Handoffs carry findings to Nexus programme objects and steward reviews. Competent authorities receive public editions as published; nothing here instructs them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.6<\/span><span>Feeds and signal register<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Feeds watched from Q1 2027<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Feed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Producer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Latency<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Feeds into<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Climate monitoring<\/td><td>WMO \u00b7 regional climate centres<\/td><td>annual report<\/td><td>CLI findings<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Outbreak communiqu\u00e9s<\/td><td>Africa CDC<\/td><td>as issued<\/td><td>HLT-008<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population and economy<\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>DEV findings<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Access to electricity and clean cooking<\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>ENE-002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Undernourishment<\/td><td>World Bank carrying FAO series<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FOO-005<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water and sanitation<\/td><td>World Bank carrying WHO and UNICEF series<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>WAT-007<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protected areas and forest<\/td><td>World Bank<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>BIO-010<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Escalation routes<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">none \u00b7 keep monitoring<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">research question<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">project<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">risk object<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">quarterly publication<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">signal report<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Signals at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Signal<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Corroboration<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>SIG-AU-001<\/td><td>Warmest decade on record for Africa<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c7-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 FOO<\/td><td>risk object RSK-AU-CLI-001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-AU-002<\/td><td>Undernourishment rose each year from 2018 to 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c7-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>FOO \u00b7 HLT<\/td><td>initiative A-03<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-AU-003<\/td><td>Mpox continental emergency lifted in 2026<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c7-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>HLT<\/td><td>initiative A-04<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A signal is not a warning. Signal records never substitute for official alerting or early-warning authorities, and they bypass no publication control.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Africa 2024. WMO, Geneva, 12 May 2025, summary page retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c7-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPrevalence of undernourishment (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS, series compiled by the Food and Agriculture Organization. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c7-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c7-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (ed.), Mpox updates, including the communiqu\u00e9 dated 22 January 2026 on lifting the Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (title read; full text not read). Africa CDC, Addis Ababa, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c7-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-part-systems-in-depth\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/\">African Union 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 8<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems in depth<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">One section per system: its state at evidence close, its exposures and what the operational series will watch.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>7 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>5 tables<\/span><span>21 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.1<\/span><span>Water, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Safe water and sanitation reach a minority of people, and the average withdrawal rate hides basin-level stress that this edition cannot yet show.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">32.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>safely managed drinking water, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">25.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>safely managed sanitation, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">3.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of internal resources withdrawn, 2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Drinking water<\/td><td>32.4% used safely managed services in 2024<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sanitation<\/td><td>25.9% used safely managed services in 2024<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Withdrawals<\/td><td>3.4% of internal resources in 2022, a group average<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Drought extent<\/td><td>not shown: FAO and national drought data; no dated release read<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT SOURCED<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>WAT \u2192 HLT drinking water and sanitation<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 WAT drought and heat<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 FOO irrigation and livestock<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 ENE hydropower and cooling<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>drought extent<\/li><li>basin-level shared-water use<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>The next release of the water and sanitation series, seasonal rainfall outcomes, and national drought declarations<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Water services rest with member states and local authorities; this chapter assesses none of them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.2<\/span><span>Energy, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Electricity reached 55.1% of people in 2024 and clean cooking 22.9%. The pace of gain is well below what universal access by 2030 would need.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">55.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>with electricity, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">22.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>with clean cooking, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">32.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>renewable share of electricity output, 2021<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Electricity access<\/td><td>55.1% in 2024, up from 46.4% in 2018<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Clean cooking<\/td><td>22.9% in 2024, up from 17.5% in 2018<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Renewables<\/td><td>32.6% of electricity output in 2021 and 70.3% of final energy in 2020<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Power capacity<\/td><td>not shown: IRENA capacity statistics; publication page not accessible<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT SOURCED<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>ENE \u2192 HLT clinic power and household fuel<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 WAT pumping and treatment<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 FOO cold chain and farm energy<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 ENE hydropower and peak demand<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>power capacity by technology<\/li><li>data-centre electricity demand<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>The 2025 access value, the Mission 300 declaration and national programmes<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Energy decisions rest with member states, regulators and operators; this chapter assesses none of them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.3<\/span><span>Food and agrifood, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Undernourishment has risen since 2018, and half of workers farm. Dependence on imported food and fertiliser matters, but this edition cannot yet show it with sourced numbers.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">22.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>undernourished, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">49.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of employment in agriculture, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">18.0<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of GDP from agriculture, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Undernourishment<\/td><td>22.3% in 2024, up from 19.3% in 2018<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Livelihoods<\/td><td>49.8% of employment in agriculture in 2024<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Output<\/td><td>agriculture was 18.0% of GDP in 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Imports<\/td><td>not shown: food and fertiliser import shares; FAO and trade data, no figure read<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT SOURCED<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 FOO heat and drought<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 FOO fuel, fertiliser and cold chain<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 FOO irrigation<\/li><li>TRD \u2192 FOO imports of food and inputs<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>food and fertiliser import shares<\/li><li>yield loss in drought years<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>The next undernourishment release, food price indices, and the Kampala CAADP declaration delivery reports<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes the food system; it makes no statement on agricultural or trade policy.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.4<\/span><span>Health and One Health, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Child survival and life expectancy are improving. Water, sanitation and power gaps leave health <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> exposed to outbreaks and heat.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">71.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">per 1,000<\/span><p>under-5 mortality, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">62.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">years<\/span><p>life expectancy, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">3.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>aged 65 or over, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Child survival<\/td><td>under-5 mortality 71.2 per 1,000 in 2024, from 79.0 in 2018<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Life expectancy<\/td><td>62.8 years in 2024, from 60.8 in 2018<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Response<\/td><td>Africa CDC announced the lifting of the mpox continental emergency in 2026<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Outbreaks<\/td><td>not shown: cholera and mpox counts; Africa CDC and WHO, no figures read<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT SOURCED<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>WAT \u2192 HLT water and sanitation<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 HLT clinic power<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 HLT heat and disease range<\/li><li>FOO \u2192 HLT <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h57\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 soc.humanitarian.chronic-malnutrition\" data-tk=\"Society, conflict and economy \u00b7 Humanitarian crises\" data-td=\"Persistent undernutrition and micronutrient deficiency, seen in stunting and anaemia, that harms child development and productivity long after any acute food crisis.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H57\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/soc\/\" data-txl=\"Society, conflict and economy\">undernutrition<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>outbreak counts<\/li><li>care surge capacity<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Africa CDC communiqu\u00e9s, seasonal cholera reports and national surge-capacity figures<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Health and care rest with member states. No personal health data are used or shown in Reports.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.5<\/span><span>Biodiversity and ecosystems, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Protection is growing but forest cover is falling, and nature underpins water, food and health across the Union.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">17.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of land protected, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">7.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of territorial waters protected, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">25.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of land forested, 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Protection<\/td><td>land 17.3% and territorial waters 7.1% in 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forest<\/td><td>25.7% of land in 2023, from 27.1% in 2015<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Framework<\/td><td>Kunming-Montreal Framework sets 30 by 30 aims<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n45\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-r45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Condition<\/td><td>not shown: habitat and species condition; no current figure read<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT SOURCED<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>BIO \u2192 WAT watershed regulation<\/li><li>BIO \u2192 FOO pollination and soils<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 BIO heat, drought and fire<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>habitat condition<\/li><li>strictly protected share<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Designation progress towards 30%, forest area updates and the IPBES regional findings<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Biodiversity is not reduced to a single number. Where valuation is used later, it will never be presented as the whole value.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPeople using safely managed drinking water services (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS, series compiled by the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPeople using safely managed sanitation services (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.STA.SMSS.ZS, series compiled by the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAnnual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, latest observation 2022, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAccess to electricity (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, data updated 8 October 2026, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAccess to clean fuels and technologies for cooking (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.CFT.ACCS.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cRenewable electricity output (% of total electricity output), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, latest observation 2021, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cRenewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, latest observation 2020, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>Heads of State and Government (eds.), Mission 300 Africa Energy Summit declaration. Dar es Salaam, January 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPrevalence of undernourishment (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS, series compiled by the Food and Agriculture Organization. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cEmployment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modelled ILO estimate), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAgriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>African Union (ed.), Kampala CAADP Declaration, Extraordinary Summit on the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme. African Union, Kampala, January 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201c<a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 mortality-rate\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The number of deaths in a population over a period relative to its size.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Mortality rate<\/a>, under-5 (per 1,000 live births), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.DYN.MORT, series compiled by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cLife expectancy at birth, total (years), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.DYN.LE00.IN. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation ages 65 and above (% of total population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (ed.), Mpox updates, including the communiqu\u00e9 dated 22 January 2026 on lifting the Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (title read; full text not read). Africa CDC, Addis Ababa, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cTerrestrial protected areas (% of total land area), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, ER.LND.PTLD.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cMarine protected areas (% of territorial waters), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cForest area (% of land area), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, AG.LND.FRST.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, latest observation 2023, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-n45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-r45\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 45\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-c8-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>E. Archer, L. Dziba, K. J. Mulongoy et al. (eds.), The Regional Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for Africa. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2018.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-c8-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-part-methodology\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/\">African Union 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex A<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Methodology<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">How the edition was made: methods, the model card, the evidence cut and its age, the acceptance record and the glossary.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>9 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>12 tables<\/span><span>5 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.1<\/span><span>Methods<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The baseline uses published values and four simple derivations. Each is shown in full so that any reader can reproduce it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Methods<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">No.<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Derivation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Calculation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Result<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>(1)<\/td><td>People without electricity, 2024 (derived)<\/td><td>(100 \u2212 55.1) \u00d7 1,289.9 million<\/td><td>about 579 million<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(2)<\/td><td>People without clean cooking, 2024 (derived)<\/td><td>(100 \u2212 22.9) \u00d7 1,289.9 million<\/td><td>about 994 million<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(3)<\/td><td>Recent pace of electricity access, 2018 to 2024<\/td><td>(55.1 \u2212 46.4) \u00f7 6<\/td><td>1.5 points a year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(4)<\/td><td>Pace needed for 100% by 2030<\/td><td>(100 \u2212 55.1) \u00f7 6<\/td><td>7.5 points a year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(5)<\/td><td>People undernourished, 2024 (derived)<\/td><td>22.3% \u00d7 1,289.9 million<\/td><td>about 288 million<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling strength scale (matrix and model card)<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Strength<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>STRONG<\/td><td>a disruption in the source system has historically changed the target system\u2019s service or output within one season<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MODERATE<\/td><td>an effect is documented but buffered or slower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEAK<\/td><td>an effect is plausible but not documented at national scale<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Status grammar<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rule<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>value as issued by its source, with year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>reasoned from cited evidence; never a measurement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus analytical value with stated method<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>conditional on stated assumptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>structured editorial judgement awaiting evidence<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.2<\/span><span>Model card, National Model v0<\/span><\/h2><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model ID<\/dt><dd>MDL-AU-NATIONAL \u00b7 v0.1<\/dd><dt>Purpose<\/dt><dd>represent the African Union as coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> with forcing and transmission layers<\/dd><dt>Family<\/dt><dd>graph-based system of systems<\/dd><dt>Inputs<\/dt><dd>the cited sources of this edition; no proprietary data<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>expert-specified coupling strengths (STRONG \u00b7 MODERATE \u00b7 WEAK) from evidence and analogue events<\/dd><dt>Validation<\/dt><dd>none yet, first validation against Q1 2027 Foundry evidence<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>qualitative; strengths are hypotheses, not measurements<\/dd><dt>Domain of validity<\/dt><dd>national scale; not for member state or asset-level use<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>strength table and sources published in this edition<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">couplings<\/span><p>typed in v0<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strong<\/span><p>documented within one season<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">moderate<\/span><p>documented, buffered<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">weak<\/span><p>plausible, undocumented<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>framing the 2027 agenda; choosing which couplings to measure first; explaining the coupled reading of risk in the African Union.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOT SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>quantitative loss estimates, operational decisions, provincial comparisons or any claim about a specific asset.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">VERSIONING<\/p><p>Models are immutable by version. A change to any coupling, rule or weight produces v0.2 with its own card and correction note.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.3<\/span><span>The baseline evidence cut<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Every Nexus edition is published from a frozen evidence cut. The baseline cut is documentary: it pins the exact edition of every source cited. Model runs begin with the first Foundry cut in Q1 2027.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Cut ID<\/dt><dd>NQ-AU-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Type<\/dt><dd>baseline documentary cut<\/dd><dt>Resolution policy<\/dt><dd>pinned \u00b7 as of 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Sources pinned<\/dt><dd>51 cited sources, each at the edition and retrieval date in the references<\/dd><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>none at baseline, analytical values are stated with their method<\/dd><dt>Digest<\/dt><dd>computed at <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.hard-freeze\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"Air temperature falling well below freezing for hours, killing crops, bursting pipes and stopping water flow.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">freeze<\/a> and recorded in the publication record<\/dd><dt>Supersedes<\/dt><dd>nothing, first cut of the series<\/dd><dt>Superseded by<\/dt><dd>NQ-AU-2027-Q1-1 at the Q1 2027 close<\/dd><\/dl><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Lineage<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">source edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">pinned citation<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">finding<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">page<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">publication record<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">From the baseline cut to the first Foundry cut<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Element<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Q1 2027<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Sources<\/td><td>cited publications, pinned by edition<\/td><td>qualified source bindings with versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Analysis<\/td><td>stated methods and editorial estimates<\/td><td>typed analysis specifications<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Models<\/td><td>National Model v0 specification<\/td><td>model runs with receipts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Findings<\/td><td>twelve baseline findings<\/td><td>findings re-bound to the cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Review<\/td><td>five passes scheduled<\/td><td>five passes on the exact digest<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.4<\/span><span>Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A 2026 edition rests on evidence observed in many different years. This page shows each time base, so that no single year label hides older evidence.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Observed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Released<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next release<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Population<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Oct 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>not stated in sources read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Access to electricity<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>Oct 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>not stated in sources read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Clean cooking<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>Oct 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>not stated in sources read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Undernourishment<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>Oct 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>not stated in sources read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Renewable electricity output<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>Oct 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>not stated in sources read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Renewable final energy<\/td><td>2020<\/td><td>Oct 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>not stated in sources read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Safe water and sanitation<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>Oct 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>not stated in sources read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Freshwater withdrawals<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>Oct 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>not stated in sources read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forest area<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>Oct 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>not stated in sources read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate record<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>May 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>not stated in sources read<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coverage by system at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Thinnest dimension<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Climate forcing<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>numeric values from the WMO report<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>power capacity by technology; North Africa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>outbreak counts; care capacity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>drought extent and basin-level use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>import shares of food and fertiliser<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>habitat condition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>disaster losses and insured share<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Digital<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>dependency mapping<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.5<\/span><span>Evidence cards, two anchor sources<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Published by the World Bank in World Development Indicators for the Sub-Saharan Africa group. Annual, observation years to 2024, data updated 8 October 2026. Role: binds ENE-002 and the access-pace figures.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-AU-001<\/h3><p>Access to electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-ca-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Published by the World Bank in World Development Indicators, carrying the FAO series for the Sub-Saharan Africa group. Annual, observation years to 2024. Role: binds FOO-005 and the derived count of people.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-AU-002<\/h3><p>Prevalence of undernourishment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-ca-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Quality dimensions at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Dimension<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-AU-001<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-AU-002<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Completeness<\/td><td>Sub-Saharan Africa group only; 2025 value null<\/td><td>Sub-Saharan Africa group only; 2025 value null<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Timeliness<\/td><td>about 22 months after the year<\/td><td>about 22 months after the year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Revision<\/td><td>not stated in sources read<\/td><td>not stated in sources read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Method transparency<\/td><td>indicator definition on the source page<\/td><td>indicator definition on the source page<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>External validation<\/td><td>not stated in sources read<\/td><td>not stated in sources read<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence cards to follow in Q1 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>WMO State of the Climate in Africa<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-ca-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup> (numeric values)<\/li><li>UN DESA population database<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-ca-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup> (AU-wide totals)<\/li><li>Africa CDC outbreak records<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-ca-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup> (counts)<\/li><li>IEA and IRENA capacity statistics (power by technology)<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.6<\/span><span>Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Editorial self-check at evidence close. Every applicable item carries a disposition; the remaining items are review, approval and deposit.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Group<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Area<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Items<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pass<\/th><th scope=\"col\">N\/A<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pending<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D1<\/td><td>Identity and scope<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>Source and data<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D3<\/td><td>Analysis and models<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D4<\/td><td>Findings and claims<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D5<\/td><td>Figures, tables, maps<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D6<\/td><td>Editorial and citations<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D7<\/td><td>Review and approval<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>13<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D8<\/td><td>Artefact and design<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D9<\/td><td>Registry and release<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication gate<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Conditions met<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close<\/dd><dt>Blocking problems<\/dt><dd>none recorded<\/dd><dt>Open conditions<\/dt><dd>reviews, approval of the exact digest, deposit, registry pointer<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Not applicable at baseline<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>first runs in Q1 2027<\/dd><dt>Maps<\/dt><dd>plates in Q2 2027<\/dd><dt>Waivers<\/dt><dd>none<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Dispositions are recorded item by item in the machine-readable checklist. A FAIL on any item blocks release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.7<\/span><span>Status words<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-tab9\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The status every value carries<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it means<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"positive\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Observed<\/span><\/td><td>Measured directly and published by the source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>Published statistics of an official or institutional source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Declared<\/span><\/td><td>Stated by the body concerned; not independently measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>A Nexus estimate from cited evidence, with its method in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Modelled<\/span><\/td><td>Produced by a stated model from cited inputs.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>Reasoned from cited evidence; not measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Forecast<\/span><\/td><td>A projection by the cited source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Simulated<\/span><\/td><td>A simulation result under stated assumptions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>A conditional statement under stated assumptions; never a prediction.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>Expert judgement, recorded with its basis.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><td>Proposed for a later edition; not yet evidence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Evidence-quality levels (EQL 1 to 5) grade the source behind a value; they are not a score of the subject.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.8<\/span><span>How the edition is made, released and corrected<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">Every edition is built from a sealed evidence cut, reviewed under three keys, signed and deposited before any site shows it as published; corrections go to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> as change proposals and feed the next cut.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Evidence arrives from the pillars<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Foundry seals observations and indicator series, Universe hands over after-action and scenario findings, and contributions are screened at every gateway, including this site&#8217;s.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 The cut is sealed<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">On the cut date the evidence is pinned under one identifier, so anyone can rebuild the edition from exactly what it was built on.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 The edition is assembled<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The edition is drafted from its template and content pack. Agents may draft; they never publish and never decide.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 The keys turn<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">At the publisher of record the truth key comes first: every value is checked against its source or stated method before the meaning and capital keys turn. No edition moves on until every key has been turned by a named steward.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 The gate opens<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A named approver releases one exact digest of the edition; any change after this point is a new version, never a silent edit.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Signed and deposited<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The PDF, the web edition and the data bundle are signed together with a manifest and an RO-Crate description, and deposited on Zenodo with a concept and a version DOI.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">07 Published on its desk&#8217;s site<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Only then does the edition show as published on its desk&#8217;s Reports site, and the Collection lists it as a part.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">08 Corrections go to Standards<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Method and correction findings go to Nexus Standards as change proposals; citations, corrections and new contributions feed the next evidence cut.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of the process, not a forecast and not a record of any run; dates and counts on this page come from the programme record. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/governance\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Reports governance at GCRI Canada<\/a> (2026); Zenodo, repository of record for Reports deposits (2026).<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">Lifecycle, one state at a time: Draft, Computed, Evidence bound, Reviewed, Approved for release, Published, Corrected, Superseded. This edition is a draft.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.9<\/span><span>Glossary and abbreviations<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-tab10\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Series terms<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Baseline Edition<\/td><td>the inaugural annual edition that fixes the reference state for the series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEFH+B<\/td><td>water, energy, food, health and biodiversity, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/governance-in-operation\/national-nexus\" data-tc=\"National Nexus\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The national model: the NNC, the NLC and the NWG as its three participation pillars, with the National Desk, Model and Portfolio and the NSC as the standards function of the NNC (OR-13)\">national nexus<\/a> core<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coupling<\/td><td>a typed dependency through which one system transmits to another<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">Protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>the share of losses not covered by insurance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability ladder<\/td><td>LISTED \u2192 EXISTS \u2192 ADEQUATE \u2192 TESTED \u2192 DEMONSTRATED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EQL<\/td><td>evidence-quality level, 1\u20135<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence cut<\/td><td>a frozen resolution of exact sources and versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NNC \u00b7 NLC \u00b7 NWG<\/td><td>National Nexus Consortium \u00b7 National Leadership Council \u00b7 National Working Groups<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-tab11\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Abbreviations used in this edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Abbreviation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Expansion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>AU<\/td><td>African Union<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>AUDA-NEPAD<\/td><td>African Union Development Agency<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CAADP<\/td><td>Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CBD<\/td><td>Convention on Biological Diversity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FAO<\/td><td>Food and Agriculture Organization<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IEA<\/td><td>International Energy Agency<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ILO<\/td><td>International Labour Organization<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PIDA<\/td><td>Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SDG<\/td><td>Sustainable Development Goal<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UN DESA<\/td><td>United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UNDRR<\/td><td>United Nations Office for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UNFCCC<\/td><td>United Nations Framework Convention on <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WMO<\/td><td>World Meteorological Organization<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.10<\/span><span>Technical annex<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-tab12\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.12<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Technical annex<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Annex<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contents<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A.1<\/td><td>Indicator definitions<\/td><td>the baseline indicator set, with units and sources<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.2<\/td><td>Coupling strengths<\/td><td>the twenty-cell matrix and its rationale<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.3<\/td><td>Scenario specification<\/td><td>SCN-AU-CLI-01 assumptions and signposts<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.4<\/td><td>Capability placements<\/td><td>rung evidence for fifteen functions<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.5<\/td><td>Model diagnostics<\/td><td>first runs and validation<\/td><td>Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.6<\/td><td>Sensitivity analyses<\/td><td>influence of coupling strengths<\/td><td>Q2 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.7<\/td><td>Member state notes<\/td><td>atlas cards for every member state<\/td><td>Q2 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.8<\/td><td>Review statements<\/td><td>pass-by-pass review record<\/td><td>AT RELEASE<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">A.1 \u00b7 indicator definition, people with electricity, Sub-Saharan Africa<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Construct<\/dt><dd>share of the population with access to electricity<\/dd><dt>Unit<\/dt><dd>percent of population<\/dd><dt>Scope<\/dt><dd>World Bank Sub-Saharan Africa group<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>World Bank indicator EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-ca-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Revision<\/dt><dd>revised with each World Development Indicators update<\/dd><dt>Known limits<\/dt><dd>the 2025 value is null at close; the group excludes North Africa<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Annexes carry the same evidence, review and correction rules as the chapters and are versioned with the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAccess to electricity (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, data updated 8 October 2026, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-ca-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPrevalence of undernourishment (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS, series compiled by the Food and Agriculture Organization. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-ca-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Africa 2024. WMO, Geneva, 12 May 2025, summary page retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-ca-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (ed.), World Population Prospects 2024. United Nations, New York, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-ca-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ca-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (ed.), Mpox updates, including the communiqu\u00e9 dated 22 January 2026 on lifting the Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (title read; full text not read). Africa CDC, Addis Ababa, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-ca-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-part-data\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/\">African Union 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex B<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Data appendix<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>10 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>7 tables<\/span><span>30 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.1<\/span><span>The indicator set<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Baseline indicator set<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Population, Sub-Saharan Africa<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1.32<\/span><\/td><td>billion<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population growth<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">2.4<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Aged under 15<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">40.4<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Aged 65 or over<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">3.2<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Urban population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">44.7<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Life expectancy at birth<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">62.8<\/span><\/td><td>years<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Under-5 mortality<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">71.2<\/span><\/td><td>per 1,000<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GDP, current prices<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">2.21<\/span><\/td><td>USD trillion<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GDP per person, current prices<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1,673<\/span><\/td><td>USD<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GDP growth<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">4.1<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Agriculture share of GDP<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">18.0<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Employment in agriculture<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">49.8<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Prevalence of undernourishment<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">22.3<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>People with electricity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">55.1<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>People with clean cooking<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">22.9<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Renewable electricity output<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">32.6<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Renewables in final energy<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">70.3<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2020<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CO2 per person, excluding land use<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">0.70<\/span><\/td><td>t<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Safely managed drinking water<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">32.4<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Safely managed sanitation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">25.9<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Freshwater withdrawals<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">3.4<\/span><\/td><td>% of internal resources<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protected land<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">17.3<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protected territorial waters<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">7.1<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forest area<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">25.7<\/span><\/td><td>% of land<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-actions nrp-noprint\"><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:text\/csv;charset=utf-8,Indicator%2CValue%2CUnit%2CYear%2CState%2CSource%0A%22Population%2C%20Sub-Saharan%20Africa%22%2C1.32%2Cbillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B4%5D%0APopulation%20growth%2C2.4%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B5%5D%0AAged%20under%2015%2C40.4%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B6%5D%0AAged%2065%20or%20over%2C3.2%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B7%5D%0AUrban%20population%2C44.7%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B8%5D%0ALife%20expectancy%20at%20birth%2C62.8%2Cyears%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B9%5D%0AUnder-5%20mortality%2C71.2%2C%22per%201%2C000%22%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B10%5D%0A%22GDP%2C%20current%20prices%22%2C2.21%2CUSD%20trillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B11%5D%0A%22GDP%20per%20person%2C%20current%20prices%22%2C%221%2C673%22%2CUSD%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B12%5D%0AGDP%20growth%2C4.1%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B13%5D%0AAgriculture%20share%20of%20GDP%2C18.0%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B14%5D%0AEmployment%20in%20agriculture%2C49.8%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B15%5D%0APrevalence%20of%20undernourishment%2C22.3%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B16%5D%0APeople%20with%20electricity%2C55.1%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B17%5D%0APeople%20with%20clean%20cooking%2C22.9%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B18%5D%0ARenewable%20electricity%20output%2C32.6%2C%25%2C2021%2CREPORTED%2C%5B19%5D%0ARenewables%20in%20final%20energy%2C70.3%2C%25%2C2020%2CREPORTED%2C%5B20%5D%0A%22CO2%20per%20person%2C%20excluding%20land%20use%22%2C0.70%2Ct%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B21%5D%0ASafely%20managed%20drinking%20water%2C32.4%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B22%5D%0ASafely%20managed%20sanitation%2C25.9%2C%25%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B23%5D%0AFreshwater%20withdrawals%2C3.4%2C%25%20of%20internal%20resources%2C2022%2CREPORTED%2C%5B24%5D%0AProtected%20land%2C17.3%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B25%5D%0AProtected%20territorial%20waters%2C7.1%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B26%5D%0AForest%20area%2C25.7%2C%25%20of%20land%2C2023%2CREPORTED%2C%5B27%5D%0A\" download=\"NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-indicators.csv\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, CSV<\/a><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:application\/json;charset=utf-8,%7B%0A%20%22edition%22%3A%20%22NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE%22%2C%0A%20%22title%22%3A%20%22African%20Union%20Systems%20Risk%20and%20Resilience%20Report%202026%3A%20The%20State%20of%20the%20African%20Union%E2%80%99s%20Interdependent%20Systems%22%2C%0A%20%22status%22%3A%20%22Draft%20under%20stewardship%20review%3B%20not%20yet%20released%22%2C%0A%20%22licence%22%3A%20%22CC-BY-4.0%20for%20the%20edition%20table%3B%20each%20value%20keeps%20its%20source's%20licence%22%2C%0A%20%22columns%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%22Indicator%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Value%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Unit%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Year%22%2C%0A%20%20%22State%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Source%22%0A%20%5D%2C%0A%20%22rows%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Population%2C%20Sub-Saharan%20Africa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221.32%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22billion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B4%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Population%20growth%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222.4%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B5%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Aged%20under%2015%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2240.4%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B6%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Aged%2065%20or%20over%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%223.2%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B7%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Urban%20population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2244.7%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B8%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Life%20expectancy%20at%20birth%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2262.8%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22years%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B9%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Under-5%20mortality%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2271.2%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22per%201%2C000%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B10%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22GDP%2C%20current%20prices%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222.21%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22USD%20trillion%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B11%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22GDP%20per%20person%2C%20current%20prices%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%2C673%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22USD%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B12%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22GDP%20growth%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%224.1%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B13%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Agriculture%20share%20of%20GDP%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2218.0%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B14%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Employment%20in%20agriculture%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2249.8%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B15%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Prevalence%20of%20undernourishment%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2222.3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B16%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22People%20with%20electricity%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2255.1%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B17%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22People%20with%20clean%20cooking%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2222.9%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B18%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Renewable%20electricity%20output%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2232.6%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222021%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B19%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Renewables%20in%20final%20energy%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2270.3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222020%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B20%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22CO2%20per%20person%2C%20excluding%20land%20use%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%220.70%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22t%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B21%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Safely%20managed%20drinking%20water%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2232.4%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B22%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Safely%20managed%20sanitation%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2225.9%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B23%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Freshwater%20withdrawals%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%223.4%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%20of%20internal%20resources%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222022%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B24%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Protected%20land%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2217.3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B25%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Protected%20territorial%20waters%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%227.1%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B26%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Forest%20area%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2225.7%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%20of%20land%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B27%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%0A%20%5D%0A%7D\" download=\"NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-indicators.json\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, JSON<\/a><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOTES<\/p><p>All values are for the World Bank Sub-Saharan Africa group, which does not cover all 55 member states, and observation years differ by indicator. Shown as empty states, by design, because no primary figure was read at evidence close: AU-wide population and economic totals (source: UN DESA population database and national statistics; blocker: not read, and the World Bank group is a subset); North African series (source: the same World Bank indicators for the remaining states; blocker: not read); temperature and sea-level values from the WMO report (source: the report text; blocker: only the summary page was read, and it gave no numbers); disaster losses and affected people (source: UNDRR and national loss databases; blocker: not read); power capacity by technology (source: IRENA capacity statistics; blocker: the publication page was not accessible); cholera and mpox counts (source: Africa CDC and WHO; blocker: the pages read held no figures); insured share of losses (source: insurer and AU risk-pool reports; blocker: not read); drought extent and food and fertiliser import shares (source: FAO and national data; blocker: not read); data-centre electricity demand (source: IEA; blocker: not read). A machine-readable copy of this table is published with the evidence bundle at release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.2<\/span><span>National source register<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Domains bound by the register<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">WAT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ENE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FOO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">HLT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">BIO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">CLI<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">INF<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FIN<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">TRD<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">MIN<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">National source register<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Category<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Period<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Member states<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>continental body<\/td><td>AU<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>as changed<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>State of the Climate in Africa<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UN agency<\/td><td>Africa<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Outbreak communiqu\u00e9<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>continental agency<\/td><td>Africa<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>as issued<\/td><td>HLT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>multilateral statistics<\/td><td>Sub-Saharan Africa<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>profile<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>multilateral statistics<\/td><td>Sub-Saharan Africa<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>HLT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Economic series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>multilateral statistics<\/td><td>Sub-Saharan Africa<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food and farming<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>multilateral statistics<\/td><td>Sub-Saharan Africa<\/td><td>2024 to 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FOO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy and emissions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>multilateral statistics<\/td><td>Sub-Saharan Africa<\/td><td>2020 to 2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>ENE \u00b7 CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water and sanitation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>multilateral statistics<\/td><td>Sub-Saharan Africa<\/td><td>2022 to 2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>WAT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protected areas and forest<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>multilateral statistics<\/td><td>Sub-Saharan Africa<\/td><td>2023 to 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>BIO<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FIXTURE PROHIBITION<\/p><p>No demonstration or reference-cartographic fixture is used as evidence in this edition. The publication gate checks every binding against this register.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.3<\/span><span>Regional reading, African Union by member state<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Map plates for every member state follow in Q2 2027, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional reading, African Union by member state<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Region<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Principal hazards<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems most exposed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Northern member states<\/td><td>heat, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.supply-shortfall\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"Demand exceeding the water a system can deliver, so that rationing or cuts follow for homes, farms and industry.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">water scarcity<\/a><\/td><td>water, food, health<\/td><td>IPCC assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup>; no series read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Western member states<\/td><td>drought, floods, heat<\/td><td>food, water, health<\/td><td>IPCC assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup>; no series read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Central member states<\/td><td>floods, forest loss<\/td><td>biodiversity, water, health<\/td><td>forest trend<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup>; IPBES<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Eastern member states<\/td><td>drought and flood swings, heat<\/td><td>food, water, health<\/td><td>IPCC assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup>; undernourishment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Southern member states<\/td><td>drought, storms and cyclones<\/td><td>food, power, water<\/td><td>IPCC assessment<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup>; no series read<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Union as a whole<\/td><td>cross-border compound events<\/td><td>all <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/td><td>warmest decade<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup>; access series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Regional readings summarise the cited evidence. They are not risk ratings of any member state.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.4<\/span><span>Atlas card, Sub-Saharan Africa at baseline<\/span><\/h2><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">continental group<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">World Bank Sub-Saharan Africa<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">services and food<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">data scope<\/li><\/ul><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Systems in view<\/dt><dd>water, energy, food, health<\/dd><dt>Defining indicators<\/dt><dd>electricity 55.1%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup>; undernourishment 22.3%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Couplings<\/dt><dd>ENE \u2192 HLT; CLI \u2192 FOO; WAT \u2192 HLT<\/dd><dt>Capability evidence<\/dt><dd>Africa CDC communiqu\u00e9s and AU instruments<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Gaps<\/dt><dd>AU-wide totals; North Africa; losses; capacity<\/dd><dt>Agenda items<\/dt><dd>A-01 \u00b7 A-02 \u00b7 A-03<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">In 2024, 55.1% of people had electricity and 22.9% had clean cooking [17] [18].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">ENERGY<\/h3><p>Fewer than six in ten have power<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The prevalence of undernourishment was 22.3% in 2024, up from 19.3% in 2018 [16].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">FOOD<\/h3><p>One in five is undernourished<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">In 2024, 32.4% of people used safely managed drinking water and 25.9% safely managed sanitation [22] [23].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">WATER<\/h3><p>A third use safely managed water<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Atlas cards are generated for every member state from Q2 2027 with consistent fields and evidence-age labels. Sub-Saharan Africa is shown first because it is the only group read at baseline.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.5<\/span><span>African Union system card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The card through which the African Union appears in the Africa regional edition and the global series. It summarises; it does not rank.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">African Union system card<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline state<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>safely managed water 32.4%<\/td><td>drought into farming and health<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>electricity 55.1%; clean cooking 22.9%<\/td><td>access gaps into health<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>undernourishment 22.3%<\/td><td>price and drought shocks<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>under-5 mortality 71.2 per 1,000<\/td><td>outbreak load<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>protected land 17.3%<\/td><td>forest loss and land use<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Context<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Archetype<\/dt><dd>union of 55 member states with shared basins, grids and disease pathways<\/dd><dt>Population<\/dt><dd>1.32 billion, Sub-Saharan Africa group, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Economy<\/dt><dd>GDP USD 2.21 trillion, current prices, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Hazard<\/dt><dd>warmest decade on record for Africa<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-n2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">African Union\u2019s card sits beside its neighbours\u2019; shared basins, grids, corridors and supply chains are read as one regional system.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">AFRICA REGIONAL EDITION<\/h3><p>One regional system<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">African Union evidence enters the water, energy, food, finance and climate sector reports through the same finding identifiers, so a correction travels everywhere at once.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES<\/h3><p>Same findings, same IDs<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">In the global edition the African Union is read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL FLAGSHIP<\/h3><p>Peers, not ranks<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>External rankings, where cited, keep their own method and source. Nexus never converts them into a rating, and the African Union\u2019s national ownership of its edition is unaffected.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.6<\/span><span>Licences<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Licences of each kind of material<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Material<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Text<\/td><td>CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data<\/td><td>on the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td>Nexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maps<\/td><td>boundary source and licence printed on each plate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Metadata<\/td><td>CC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Third-party data, figures and text<\/td><td>The source&#8217;s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.7<\/span><span>Formats and provenance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">This edition in every format<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Format<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it is<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Web edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>Draft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Print edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indicator data<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CSV \u00b7 JSON<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>24 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE data release v1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">SVG \u00b7 PNG<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIG-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-*<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slides<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No slide deck is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence brief<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML \u00b7 PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No evidence brief is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dataset with DOI<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DataCite<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>Concept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Provenance<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Edition pack<\/dt><dd>The edition&#8217;s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built<\/dd><dt>Evidence cut<\/dt><dd>NQ-AU-2026-Q0-1, closed 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters<\/dd><dt>Self-check<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release<\/dd><dt>Review<\/dt><dd>five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>GCRI for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Corrections<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation, total, Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.TOTL. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation growth (annual %), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.GROW. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation ages 0-14 (% of total population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.0014.TO.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation ages 65 and above (% of total population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cUrban population (% of total population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cLife expectancy at birth, total (years), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.DYN.LE00.IN. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201c<a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 mortality-rate\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The number of deaths in a population over a period relative to its size.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Mortality rate<\/a>, under-5 (per 1,000 live births), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.DYN.MORT, series compiled by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cGDP (current US$), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cGDP per capita (current US$), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cGDP growth (annual %), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAgriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cEmployment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modelled ILO estimate), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPrevalence of undernourishment (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS, series compiled by the Food and Agriculture Organization. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAccess to electricity (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, data updated 8 October 2026, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAccess to clean fuels and technologies for cooking (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.CFT.ACCS.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cRenewable electricity output (% of total electricity output), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, latest observation 2021, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cRenewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, latest observation 2020, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cCarbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita, Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPeople using safely managed drinking water services (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS, series compiled by the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPeople using safely managed sanitation services (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.STA.SMSS.ZS, series compiled by the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAnnual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, latest observation 2022, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cTerrestrial protected areas (% of total land area), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, ER.LND.PTLD.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cMarine protected areas (% of territorial waters), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cForest area (% of land area), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, AG.LND.FRST.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, latest observation 2023, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>African Union Commission (ed.), Member States of the African Union. African Union, Addis Ababa, page states 55 member states, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Africa 2024. WMO, Geneva, 12 May 2025, summary page retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (ed.), Mpox updates, including the communiqu\u00e9 dated 22 January 2026 on lifting the Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (title read; full text not read). Africa CDC, Addis Ababa, retrieved 2026-11-03.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>C. H. Trisos, I. O. Adelekan, E. Totin et al., \u201cAfrica,\u201d in H.-O. P\u00f6rtner et al. (eds.), <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC, chapter 9. Cambridge University Press, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>E. Archer, L. Dziba, K. J. Mulongoy et al. (eds.), The Regional Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for Africa. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2018.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-cb-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>African Union Commission (ed.), African Union Climate Change and Resilient Development Strategy and Action Plan (2022 to 2032). African Union, Addis Ababa, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-au-cb-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-part-references\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cc-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/\">African Union 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex C<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">References and record<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Every source the edition rests on, the publication record, the corrections log and the open record.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>13 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>0 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cc-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-cc-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cc-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.1<\/span><span>51 sources<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">NR-CIT-1, editor first. A DOI is linked where the source has one; Nexus records carry a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> once the catalogue allocates it (NS-1).<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>African Union Commission (ed.), Member States of the African Union. African Union, Addis Ababa, page states 55 member states, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>World Meteorological Organization (ed.), State of the Climate in Africa 2024. WMO, Geneva, 12 May 2025, summary page retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (ed.), Mpox updates, including the communiqu\u00e9 dated 22 January 2026 on lifting the Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (title read; full text not read). Africa CDC, Addis Ababa, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation, total, Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.TOTL. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation growth (annual %), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.GROW. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation ages 0-14 (% of total population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.0014.TO.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPopulation ages 65 and above (% of total population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cUrban population (% of total population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cLife expectancy at birth, total (years), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SP.DYN.LE00.IN. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201c<a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 mortality-rate\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The number of deaths in a population over a period relative to its size.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Mortality rate<\/a>, under-5 (per 1,000 live births), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.DYN.MORT, series compiled by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cGDP (current US$), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cGDP per capita (current US$), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cGDP growth (annual %), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAgriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cEmployment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modelled ILO estimate), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPrevalence of undernourishment (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SN.ITK.DEFC.ZS, series compiled by the Food and Agriculture Organization. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAccess to electricity (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, data updated 8 October 2026, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAccess to clean fuels and technologies for cooking (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.CFT.ACCS.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cRenewable electricity output (% of total electricity output), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.ELC.RNEW.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, latest observation 2021, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cRenewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, latest observation 2020, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cCarbon dioxide (CO2) emissions excluding LULUCF per capita, Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, EN.GHG.CO2.PC.CE.AR5. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPeople using safely managed drinking water services (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.H2O.SMDW.ZS, series compiled by the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cPeople using safely managed sanitation services (% of population), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, SH.STA.SMSS.ZS, series compiled by the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2024, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cAnnual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, ER.H2O.FWTL.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, latest observation 2022, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cTerrestrial protected areas (% of total land area), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, ER.LND.PTLD.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cMarine protected areas (% of territorial waters), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, observation 2025, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), \u201cForest area (% of land area), Sub-Saharan Africa,\u201d World Development Indicators, AG.LND.FRST.ZS. World Bank, Washington DC, latest observation 2023, retrieved 2026-11-03. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>African Union Commission (ed.), Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want, framework document. African Union, Addis Ababa, 2015. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>African Union (ed.), Constitutive Act of the African Union. African Union, Lome, 2000. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>African Union Commission (ed.), African Union <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> and Resilient Development Strategy and Action Plan (2022 to 2032). African Union, Addis Ababa, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>African Union Commission (ed.), Programme of Action for the Implementation of the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015 to 2030 in Africa. African Union, Addis Ababa. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>African Union (ed.), Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area. African Union, Kigali, 2018. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>African Union (ed.), Malabo Declaration on Accelerated Agricultural Growth and Transformation for Shared Prosperity and Improved Livelihoods. African Union, Malabo, 2014. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>African Union (ed.), Kampala CAADP Declaration, Extraordinary Summit on the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme. African Union, Kampala, January 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>African Union Commission and AUDA-NEPAD (eds.), Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA) Priority Action Plan 2021 to 2030. African Union, Addis Ababa. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>Heads of State and Government (eds.), Mission 300 Africa Energy Summit declaration. Dar es Salaam, January 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>International Energy Agency (ed.), Africa Energy Outlook 2022, World Energy Outlook special report. IEA, Paris, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>C. H. Trisos, I. O. Adelekan, E. Totin et al., \u201cAfrica,\u201d in H.-O. P\u00f6rtner et al. (eds.), Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC, chapter 9. Cambridge University Press, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>E. Archer, L. Dziba, K. J. Mulongoy et al. (eds.), The Regional Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services for Africa. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2018. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>UNDRR (ed.), Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2022: Our World at Risk. UNDRR, Geneva, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>Africa Climate Summit (ed.), Nairobi Declaration. Africa Climate Summit, Nairobi, September 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (ed.), World Population Prospects 2024. United Nations, New York, 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.), Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>UNDRR (ed.), Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 to 2030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>UNFCCC (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>. United Nations, Paris, 2015. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-47\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">47<\/span><span>P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.13850054\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054<\/a> <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-48\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">48<\/span><span>J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-49\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">49<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports: The Foundational Edition, Volumes I and II. Reports series, Edition 2026\u20132030, V1.0. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-50\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">50<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-au-ref-51\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">51<\/span><span>United Nations General Assembly (ed.), Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, resolution A\/RES\/70\/1. United Nations, New York, 2015. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cc-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-cc-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cc-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.2<\/span><span>Publication record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Title<\/dt><dd>African Union <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026, Baseline Edition<\/dd><dt>Series<\/dt><dd>Reports \u00b7 Edition 2026\u20132030<\/dd><dt>Edition<\/dt><dd>Baseline Edition 2026 \u00b7 inaugural annual<\/dd><dt>Version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 \u00b7 draft for stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Publication date<\/dt><dd>October 2026<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>concept and version DOI at deposit<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publisher<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Place<\/dt><dd>Toronto<\/dd><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor<\/dd><dt>Stewards<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 technical truth \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 public meaning \u00b7 GRA \u00b7 capital meaning<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>text CC BY 4.0; data on the terms of each source<\/dd><dt>Copyright<\/dt><dd>\u00a9 2026 GCRI \u00b7 Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Language<\/dt><dd>English (en-GB) source edition<\/dd><dt>Correspondence<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway \u00b7 editorial office<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">DISCLAIMER<\/p><p>This edition is published for research, planning and public understanding. It is not a government assessment, an official warning, a rating, a certification, investment advice or an operational authorisation. Reasonable care has been taken with every source; consult the cited originals before relying on any value.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Colophon<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Format<\/dt><dd>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF<\/dd><dt>Typefaces<\/dt><dd>Space Grotesk (display) \u00b7 Geist (text) \u00b7 IBM Plex Sans Italic (standfirsts) \u00b7 IBM Plex Mono (data)<\/dd><dt>Design standard<\/dt><dd>Reports Foundational Edition, Volume I, Part VII<\/dd><dt>Accessibility<\/dt><dd>tagged PDF and HTML targets; text alternatives for every figure<\/dd><dt>Production<\/dt><dd>Reports editorial team, GCRI<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HOW TO CORRECT THIS EDITION<\/p><p>Report errors, omissions or objections through the Registry correction pathway. Each report is logged and answered; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version, and the original remains resolvable.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Release path for this version<\/h3><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cc-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table C.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Release path for this version<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">When<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Draft<\/td><td>editorial self-check complete at evidence close<\/td><td>October 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Steward review<\/td><td>five passes on the exact draft (keys T \u00b7 M \u00b7 F \u00b7 N)<\/td><td>Q4 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approval<\/td><td>publication authority approves the exact digest<\/td><td>before release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deposit<\/td><td>concept and version DOI minted; registry pointer set<\/td><td>at release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Succession<\/td><td>the Q1 2027 edition reports changes against this baseline<\/td><td>Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Current version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 draft, stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Previous edition<\/dt><dd>none, first edition of the series<\/dd><dt>Next edition<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-AU-2027-Q1-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Latest version<\/dt><dd>resolve the concept DOI or the registry record<\/dd><dt>Correction route<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway<\/dd><dt>Notice types<\/dt><dd>erratum \u00b7 addendum \u00b7 supersession \u00b7 withdrawal<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NO CORRECTIONS \u2260 NO LIMITS<\/p><p>The absence of corrections does not mean the absence of limitations. Limitations and uncertainty are stated where they arise in the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><div id=\"nx-nr-au-corrections\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cc-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-cc-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cc-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.3<\/span><span>Corrections log<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-corr\"><p class=\"nx-nr-corr-sum\"><span class=\"nx-nr-corr-n\">0<\/span><span>correction notices. No edition has been released yet, so none can be corrected; the log below lists each edition&#8217;s current version.<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Version<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Date<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Change<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Notice<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Edition\"><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">AU<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Version\" class=\"nx-rd-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/td><td data-label=\"Date\">October 2026<\/td><td data-label=\"State\">Draft<\/td><td data-label=\"Change\">Baseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition,<\/td><td data-label=\"Notice\">None<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-rd-source\">Notice types: erratum, addendum, supersession, withdrawal. A correction is a new version with a published notice; the earlier version stays resolvable, and no edition is ever edited in silence.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-au-outputs\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cc-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-cc-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cc-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.4<\/span><span>Open record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-os\"><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>This edition&#8217;s open record<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Desk identifier and series alias<\/dt><dd>NR-NAT-AU-2026-BL<\/dd><dt>Collection<\/dt><dd>None<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>Concept and version DOI at deposit, on Zenodo with DataCite metadata<\/dd><dt>Versions<\/dt><dd>Each correction is a new version (isNewVersionOf); the concept DOI resolves to the latest<\/dd><dt>Bundle<\/dt><dd>RO-Crate 1.2 with CITATION.cff, CodeMeta and PROV-O provenance; a signed manifest<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Credit and identity<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>ORCID<\/dt><dd>Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record<\/dd><dt>ROR<\/dt><dd>Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone<\/dd><dt>CRediT<\/dt><dd>Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing<\/dd><dt>Account<\/dt><dd>None needed to contribute; never a password<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Find and follow<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">Search the open indexes for African Union; software is cited by its SWHID from Software Heritage, and a quantified scenario run is preregistered on OSF before it is run. Annotation is your choice: Hypothesis opens this page in its own viewer.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-nr-os-links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/openalex.org\/works?search=Nexus%20Reports%20African%20Union\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAlex<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.openaire.eu\/search\/find?fv0=Nexus%20Reports%20African%20Union&amp;f0=q\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAIRE<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/search\/works?q=Nexus%20Reports%20African%20Union\" rel=\"noopener\">Crossref<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.datacite.org\/?query=Nexus%20Reports%20African%20Union\" rel=\"noopener\">DataCite Commons<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/search?q=Nexus%20Reports%20African%20Union\" rel=\"noopener\">Zenodo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.softwareheritage.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Software Heritage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/prereg\/\" rel=\"noopener\">OSF preregistration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/via.hypothes.is\/https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Annotate with Hypothesis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Mirrors and harvest<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">The DOI is canonical. At release each signed bundle is also given an IPFS content identifier and a bloxberg anchor as mirrors; both are listed in the record once they exist. Zenodo exposes every record over OAI-PMH, and reviews and endorsements can arrive through COAR Notify where the repository supports it.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><figure class=\"nx-nr-code\"><figcaption class=\"nx-nr-code-cap\">InvenioRDM metadata for a contribution on African Union, prefilled from this page<\/figcaption><pre class=\"nx-nr-pre\" tabindex=\"0\"><code>{&#10;  &quot;metadata&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;id&quot;: &quot;dataset&quot;&#10;    },&#10;    &quot;title&quot;: &quot;Evidence on African Union for Nexus Reports&quot;,&#10;    &quot;publication_date&quot;: &quot;YYYY-MM-DD&quot;,&#10;    &quot;creators&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;person_or_org&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;type&quot;: &quot;personal&quot;,&#10;          &quot;family_name&quot;: &quot;Your family name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;given_name&quot;: &quot;Your given name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;identifiers&quot;: [&#10;            {&#10;              &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;orcid&quot;,&#10;              &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;0000-0000-0000-0000&quot;&#10;            }&#10;          ]&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;affiliations&quot;: [&#10;          {&#10;            &quot;id&quot;: &quot;ROR identifier of your organisation&quot;&#10;          }&#10;        ]&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;description&quot;: &quot;What it is, where its record is kept and how it bears on African Union Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026.&quot;,&#10;    &quot;rights&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;id&quot;: &quot;cc-by-4.0&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;subjects&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Nexus Reports&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;African Union&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Country Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;related_identifiers&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/&quot;,&#10;        &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;url&quot;,&#10;        &quot;relation_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;issupplementto&quot;&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;publication-report&quot;&#10;        }&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;version&quot;: &quot;1.0.0&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;custom_fields&quot;: {},&#10;  &quot;access&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;record&quot;: &quot;public&quot;,&#10;    &quot;files&quot;: &quot;public&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;files&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;enabled&quot;: true&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;parent&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;communities&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;default&quot;: &quot;nexusreports&quot;&#10;    }&#10;  }&#10;}<\/code><\/pre><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-hook\" data-nx-research-hub=\"slot\" data-nx-research-context=\"{&quot;org&quot;:&quot;GCRI&quot;,&quot;site&quot;:&quot;gcri&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;edition&quot;,&quot;subject&quot;:&quot;African Union&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;Country Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;]}\" hidden><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-au-pillars\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cc-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-au-cc-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-au-cc-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.5<\/span><span>Where this edition sits among the six pillars<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Foundry seals the evidence and Universe tests it; Reports publishes it; Standards takes its corrections and Academy teaches from it.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F03 Sealed observations and indicator series<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F04 After-action and scenario findings for<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F05 National Portfolio movement for chapter<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Applied in editions<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>: applied in editions.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>AU edition<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Reports<\/span> African Union 2026, published in every format with its sources, citation and corrections.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F06 Method and correction findings as change<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F12 Q4 synthesis informs the next-year<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Taught in the open<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Academy<\/span> Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>What Foundry and Universe hand to this edition, and what it hands to Standards, Universe and Academy. From the programme spine; AU is a drafted Baseline Edition, so these handoffs run from its first operational quarter.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Handoff<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Between<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What crosses, and when<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F03<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F04<\/span><\/td><td>Universe to Reports<\/td><td>After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F05<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus Standards to Reports<\/td><td>Nexus Standards: applied in editions.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F06<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Nexus Standards<\/td><td>Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F12<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Universe<\/td><td>Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"academy\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Risk Academy<\/td><td>Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-noprint\"><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Send evidence or a correction on African Union.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the GCRI <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Evidence desk. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work. Sent to the wrong desk, it is forwarded, not refused.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI Systems Evidence desk<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/#nx-sec-routing\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See which desk takes what you have<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The routing table opens the contribution page: what you have, the desk that takes it, how each contribution is reviewed and credited, and the licence.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/nexus-reports\/editions\/au\/full#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><p class=\"nx-note\" data-nr-rights=\"true\"><a class=\"nx-link\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> Free to read. Text and figures: CC BY 4.0. Data: CC0 1.0. Authors keep copyright. Published by GCRI Canada.<\/p><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-au-full-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-au-full-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-au-full-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/urban-flood\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Urban flood<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/risk-science\/risk-information-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Risk information standards and interoperability<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/data\/identification-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Identification (the UNI)<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script><style>@media print { @page { margin: 20mm 17mm 20mm 17mm; @top-left { content: \"Nexus Reports\"; font: 500 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @top-right { content: \"African Union Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026 \\0000b7  Baseline Edition 2026\"; font: 400 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Sans\", sans-serif; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-left { content: \"NR-COUNTRY-AU-2026-BASELINE \\0000b7  Draft, not released\"; font: 400 7pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-center { content: \"CC BY 4.0. 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