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\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class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><div class=\"nrp\"><div class=\"nrp-wrap\"><p class=\"nrj-draft\" data-nrj-shared=\"draft\" role=\"note\"><strong>Draft, not yet released.<\/strong> In stewardship review. Not indexed until the first approved release.<\/p><article class=\"nrp-flow\"><header class=\"nrp-hero\"><div class=\"nrp-hero-grid\"><div><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Baseline Edition 2026<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Complete edition<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 class=\"pp-hero-title nrp-hero-title-l\">China Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026<\/h1><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The State of China\u2019s Interdependent Systems<\/p><div class=\"nrp-actions\"><button class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" type=\"button\" data-nrp-act=\"print\" hidden><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M6 18H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2\"\/><path d=\"M6 9V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h10a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v6\"\/><rect x=\"6\" y=\"14\" width=\"12\" height=\"8\" rx=\"1\"\/><\/svg>Print or save as PDF<\/button><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M19 12H5\"\/><path d=\"m12 19-7-7 7-7\"\/><\/svg>Edition home<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nrp-note nrp-noprint\">Choose A4 or Letter in the print dialog; running heads and page numbers are added in print. This is a review copy: the signed PDF with its DOI is issued at release.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nrp-cover\"><div class=\"nrp-cover-top\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">CHN<\/span><\/div><span class=\"nrp-cover-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"nrp-cover-k\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-t\">China 2026<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cover-s\">The State of China\u2019s Interdependent Systems<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cover-foot\"><span>Baseline Edition 2026<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><span><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> for the Nexus Consortium<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block nrp-imprint\" aria-label=\"Imprint\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Imprint<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor, the Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto<\/dd><dt>Report number<\/dt><dd class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026, cut NQ-CHN-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Status<\/dt><dd>Draft under stewardship review; not yet released<\/dd><dt>DOI and UNI<\/dt><dd>Issued at deposit<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>CC BY 4.0 for Nexus-authored text, tables and figures; third-party material keeps its own licence<\/dd><dt>Cite as<\/dt><dd>Valadbaygi, S. (Ed.). (2026). China <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk and Resilience Report 2026: The State of China\u2019s Interdependent Systems (Baseline Edition 2026, Report No. NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE) [Draft under review]. The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI). https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" aria-label=\"Contents\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Contents<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">\u00b7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-part-summary\">Executive summary<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-part-coupled-system\">Chapter 1. China\u2019s risk is climatic, seismic and demographic at continental scale<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-part-findings\">Chapter 2. Key findings<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-part-systems-and-sectors\">Chapter 3. Systems and sectors at baseline<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-part-risk-and-capability\">Chapter 4. Risks and capability<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-part-scenario\">Chapter 5. Extreme rain on a dense plain in a hot summer<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-part-lenses-and-readings\">Chapter 6. Readings from the other desks<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">7<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-part-agenda\">Chapter 7. The 2027 agenda<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">8<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-part-systems-in-depth\">Chapter 8. Systems in depth<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-part-methodology\">Annex A. Methodology<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">B<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-part-data\">Annex B. Data appendix<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">C<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-part-references\">Annex C. References and record<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-part-summary\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/\">China 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Executive summary<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Executive summary<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The edition on a few pages: the abstract, the key messages, the headline finding and what each steward reads in it.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>12 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.1<\/span><span>Abstract<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>China enters 2027 with 1,404.89 million people, a population that fell by 3.39 million in 2025 and in which 15.9% are aged 65 or over<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. The climate is moving visibly: 2025 tied 2024 as the warmest year since 1951 at 10.9 \u00b0C, the national average of hot days was the highest since 1961, and the rainy season in North China set records for both rainfall and duration<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>. Meteorological disasters left 628 people dead or missing and cost 231.78 billion yuan in 2025, fewer than the 2015 to 2024 average<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>, yet the 2021 Henan flood, with 398 people dead or missing, shows what one <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 extreme-event\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An event that is rare at a particular place and time of year, lying in the outer tail of the observed or modelled distribution.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">extreme event<\/a> can do on a dense plain<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>. Coal still supplied 54.8% of electricity in 2025, while wind and solar supplied 21.9% and reached about 1,842 GW of capacity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>. Emissions excluding land use were 15,536 Mt CO\u2082e in 2024 in the EDGAR database, and the 2035 contribution aims for net emissions 7 to 10% below peak levels, a peak year that has not yet been established<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup>. Grain output was 714.88 million tonnes in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>, and protected areas covered 15.6% of land<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup>. This Baseline Edition fixes the reference state for China\u2019s water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, maps the couplings through which heat, flood, seismic and supply shocks travel, and sets the questions the first operational edition will answer with Foundry evidence in Q1 2027. Series that were not retrieved by evidence close, among them national water use, heat deaths, insurance cover and soybean imports, appear as designed empty states, not estimates. It ranks nothing and decides nothing.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.2<\/span><span>Key messages<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Six readings that frame the China baseline, and the eight questions this edition answers, each with its status and source.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-km\"><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">15,536 Mt CO\u2082e excluding land use in 2024, in the EDGAR database. The national inventory with land use is not bound.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Where do emissions stand?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">10.9 \u00b0C in 2025, tied with 2024 as the highest since 1951, and the most hot days since 1961.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How hot has it become?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Zhengzhou recorded 201.9 mm in one hour in 2021, and 398 people were dead or missing in Henan.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How exposed are cities to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h4\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.precipitation.heavy-rain\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Precipitation extremes\" data-td=\"Rain falling fast or long enough to overwhelm drainage, soils and streams and to trigger floods and slope failures.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H4\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">extreme rain<\/a>?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Coal 54.8%, hydro 13.3%, solar 11.2%, wind 10.7%, nuclear 4.6% and gas 3.2% in 2025.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How is electricity made?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Grain output was 714.88 million tonnes. The share of food imported and soybean import concentration are not bound.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>How secure is food?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">231.78 billion yuan of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 direct-loss\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The value of physical damage to assets and the immediate harm to people caused by the event.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">direct loss<\/a> from meteorological disasters in 2025. Insured shares are not bound.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>Who carries the losses?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">15.9% are aged 65 or over and births were 7.92 million, against 11.31 million deaths.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What does an older population change?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">Extreme rain on a dense plain in a hot summer, cutting roads, underground transport, water and care together. SCN-CHN-FLD-01<\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-m\"><span>What will Q1 2027 test first?<\/span><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.3<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-WAT-005<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">The 2021 Henan flood left 398 people dead or missing, 380 of them in Zhengzhou, where the national station recorded 201.9 mm of rain in one hour.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure S.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-fig1-t\">Henan flood 2021, official toll<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Dead or missing, Henan (people)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">398<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Dead or missing, Zhengzhou (people)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"95.5\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">380<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: State Council Disaster Investigation Team<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figure><p class=\"nrp-p\">The investigation counts 14 deaths in a metro train and 6 in a road tunnel, and 12 main rivers rose above warning level. Dense plains, underground transport and reservoirs therefore share one hazard, and loss depends on how they are linked<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.4<\/span><span>At a glance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,404.89<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million<\/span><p>population, end-2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">15.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>aged 65 or over, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">15,536<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Mt CO\u2082e<\/span><p>emissions excl. land use, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">54.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>coal share of electricity, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">24.0<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>net energy imports as share of energy use, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">31<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">units<\/span><p>provincial-level on the mainland<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.5<\/span><span>What each steward reads in it<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of China\u2019s risk: heat and rain extremes are rising, loss builds fast on dense plains, and an older population changes who is exposed.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Forum\">GRF<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as a heat warning, a rainstorm alert or a flooded street.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Risks Alliance\">GRA<\/abbr> \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Direct disaster loss was 231.78 billion yuan in 2025 and the insured share is not bound.<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>China has deep monitoring and statistics and thinner public evidence on keeping water, power and care running for weeks.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">S.6<\/span><span>What this edition is, and is not<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What this edition is<\/h3><p>A baseline: the state of China\u2019s water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in 2026, the dependencies that connect them, the risks that travel through them and the capabilities that hold them. It sets out the questions the operational series will answer.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What it is not<\/h3><p>Not a national <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-assessment\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The overall process of identifying, analysing and evaluating risk to inform decisions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/glossary\/risk-assessment\/\" data-tgl=\"Nexus Standards glossary\">risk assessment<\/a>, an official warning or a rating. It decides nothing about any institution or asset. Competent authorities keep every mandate they hold, and national ownership of the series is unaffected.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">What comes next<\/h3><p>Q1 2027 opens the operational series with a sealed Foundry evidence cut. Each later edition reports what changed against this baseline, new observations, source revisions, method changes, scenario updates and corrections.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Statistical Communiqu\u00e9 of the People\u2019s Republic of China on the 2025 National Economic and Social Development. NBS, Beijing, 28 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration (ed.), China Climate Bulletin (2025). CMA, Beijing, 12 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Disaster Investigation Team of the State Council (ed.), Investigation Report on the \u201c7\u00b720\u201d Extraordinarily Heavy Rainstorm Disaster in Zhengzhou, Henan. Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing, January 2022. Observation year 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Yearly Electricity Data: China, generation, capacity and emissions intensity. Ember, London, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), from the EDGAR Community GHG Database, Joint Research Centre, European Commission. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Government of China (ed.), China\u2019s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution. Submission to the UNFCCC, Beijing, November 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), China: 2035 NDC assessment. Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Terrestrial protected areas (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS), Marine protected areas (ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS), from UNEP-WCMC and IUCN, and Forest area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), from FAO. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation years 2025 and 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China (ed.), national greenhouse gas inventory submitted to the UNFCCC (latest biennial report). MEE, Beijing, not opened 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>General Administration of Customs of China (ed.), import and export statistics for soybeans and feed. GACC, Beijing, not retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>National Financial Regulatory Administration of China (ed.), insurance industry statistics. NFRA, Beijing, not retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cs-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Energy imports, net (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS), Food imports (TM.VAL.FOOD.ZS.UN) and PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3). World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation years 2024, 2025 and 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cs-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-part-coupled-system\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/\">China 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 1<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">China\u2019s risk is climatic, seismic and demographic at continental scale<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Part I describes systems and their couplings. It assesses no authority and ranks no province.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>2 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>8 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.1<\/span><span>The questions this part answers<\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Key questions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Where is China\u2019s risk concentrated, and in which <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>?<\/li><li>Which couplings carry shocks from one system to the next?<\/li><li>Which capabilities hold under compound stress, and which are only documented?<\/li><li>What must the 2027 programme measure first?<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">In this part<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Narrative<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Headline finding<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Lead figure<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Five system chapters<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Twelve-domain reading<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Sector screens<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Dependency matrix<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Risk objects<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Capability ladder<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Scenario<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Three lenses<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Portfolio<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.2<\/span><span>The argument<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-prose\"><p>China is a continent-sized system. Its provinces span monsoon plains, arid basins and high plateau, so the same year can bring record heat in the Yangtze basin, record rain in the north and an <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> on the plateau. This baseline reads national totals as sums over very different places and asks where the couplings between <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> concentrate loss.<\/p><p>The climate layer is rising. The national mean temperature was 10.9 \u00b0C in 2025, tied with 2024 as the highest since 1951, and all 31 provincial-level units were warmer than normal<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>. The national average of hot days was 16.5, the most since 1961<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>. In the same year North China had the wettest rainy season on record by rainfall and duration<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>Single events show how fast loss builds. In July 2021 the Zhengzhou station recorded 201.9 mm of rain in one hour and 624.1 mm in one day; 398 people were dead or missing in Henan and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 direct-loss\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The value of physical damage to assets and the immediate harm to people caused by the event.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">direct loss<\/a> was 120.06 billion yuan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>. In 2025 meteorological disasters left 628 people dead or missing and cost 231.78 billion yuan, below the 2015 to 2024 average<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup>. A strong <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> at Dingri in Tibet had killed 126 people by the evening of 7 January 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><p>The demographic layer changes who is exposed. The population fell by 3.39 million in 2025, 15.9% were aged 65 or over and births were 7.92 million against 11.31 million deaths<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>. A smaller, older population changes who can leave a flooded street, who staffs a ward and which services are kept running.<\/p><p>Beneath these sits the energy system. Coal supplied 54.8% of electricity in 2025 and wind and solar 21.9%, as wind and solar capacity reached about 1,842 GW<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>. Emissions excluding land use were still rising in 2024 in the EDGAR series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup>. Net energy imports were 24.0% of energy use<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup>. Heat raises demand on this system in the same weeks that it loads health services.<\/p><p>This edition therefore reads China\u2019s risk as a property of the couplings between these forces. The matrix, risk objects, capability ladder and scenario that follow ask the same two questions: where does a shock travel next, and who holds the capability to stop it?<\/p><\/div><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-fig1-t\">What generates China\u2019s electricity? Share of generation, 2025 (%)<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Coal still supplies more than half of electricity. Wind and solar together supplied 21.9% in 2025, up from 18.3% in 2024. Bioenergy and other sources make up the remainder<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Coal<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">54.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Hydro<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"24.3\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">13.3<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Solar<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"20.4\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">11.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Wind<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"19.5\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">10.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Nuclear<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"8.4\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">4.6<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Gas<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"5.8\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">3.2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: as cited in the note to this figure. Year 2025.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Figure ID FIG-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-01-003<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">10,506<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">TWh<\/span><p>electricity generation, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">528<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">g CO\u2082e\/kWh<\/span><p>emissions intensity of generation, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,842<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">GW<\/span><p>wind plus solar capacity, ESTIMATED sum<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">51.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>coal share of energy consumption<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.3<\/span><span>Twenty couplings between five systems<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The China matrix types the twenty couplings between the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events; they set the starting graph that the Q1 2027 Foundry cut will test.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-fig2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-fig2-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-fig2-t\">Couplings between the five systems<\/span><p class=\"nrp-fig-what\">Each line is one coupling from one system to another, drawn by the strength the edition assigns. Strengths are Nexus estimates from the cited evidence and analogue events.<\/p><\/figcaption><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-ring\" viewBox=\"0 0 340 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Coupling ring: 20 typed couplings between water, energy, food, health and biodiversity. The matrix in the next table carries every value.\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><ul class=\"nrp-legend\"><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"STRONG\"><\/span>Strong<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"MODERATE\"><\/span>Moderate<\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-key\" data-w=\"WEAK\"><\/span>Weak<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: this edition&#8217;s coupling matrix (Table 1.1); status Estimated.<\/p><\/figure><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling matrix: from the row system to the column system<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">From, to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">WAT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">ENE<\/th><th scope=\"col\">FOO<\/th><th scope=\"col\">HLT<\/th><th scope=\"col\">BIO<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><b>WAT<\/b> Water<\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">nuclear cooling \u00b7 hydro<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">irrigation \u00b7 rain-fed yield<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">drinking water<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>ENE<\/b> Energy<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pumping \u00b7 treatment<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fuel \u00b7 fertiliser \u00b7 cold chain<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">facility power \u00b7 cooling<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">reservoirs \u00b7 land use<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>FOO<\/b> Food<\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">withdrawals \u00b7 nutrients<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">biofuel feedstock<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">nutrition \u00b7 food safety<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">land conversion<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>HLT<\/b> Health<\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">workforce<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">labour \u00b7 disease<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><td>WEAK<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">residues<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><b>BIO<\/b> Biodiversity<\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">fire on lines \u00b7 biomass<\/span><\/td><td>STRONG<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">pollination \u00b7 soils<\/span><\/td><td>MODERATE<br><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">zoonoses \u00b7 smoke<\/span><\/td><td><span aria-label=\"same system\">\u00b7<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"6\">Strength: strong, moderate or weak; a Nexus estimate (status Estimated) from cited evidence and analogue events. The scale is defined in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Transmission paths<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h4\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.precipitation.heavy-rain\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Precipitation extremes\" data-td=\"Rain falling fast or long enough to overwhelm drainage, soils and streams and to trigger floods and slope failures.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H4\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">Extreme rain<\/a> floods streets, metro trains and road tunnels.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> Henan 2021<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Record hot days load health services and cooling demand.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span> summer 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">SEI \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">A strong plateau <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> causes mass casualties.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> Dingri 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Unseasonal autumn rain damages grain quality and delays sowing.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> October 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 ENE \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Heat raises cooling demand on a coal-led power system.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span> 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">1.4<\/span><span>Reinforcing loops<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A shock entering either system of a loop can return amplified through the other.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 1.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Pairs of systems where both directions are rated strong<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Loop<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First direction<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Second direction<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Water to biodiversity: flows \u00b7 wetlands<\/td><td>Biodiversity to water: regulation \u00b7 filtration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO and BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Food to biodiversity: land conversion<\/td><td>Biodiversity to food: pollination \u00b7 soils<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"3\">A causal-loop reading of the matrix (Sterman, Business Dynamics, 2000): structural, from estimated strengths, not a measured feedback.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration (ed.), China Climate Bulletin (2025). CMA, Beijing, 12 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Disaster Investigation Team of the State Council (ed.), Investigation Report on the \u201c7\u00b720\u201d Extraordinarily Heavy Rainstorm Disaster in Zhengzhou, Henan. Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing, January 2022. Observation year 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Science and Technology Daily (ed.), \u201cDingri County <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> has killed 126 people and injured 188 (\u897f\u85cf\u5b9a\u65e5\u53bf\u5730\u9707\u5df2\u81f4126\u4eba\u9047\u96be\u3001188\u4eba\u53d7\u4f24).\u201d Beijing, 7 January 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Statistical Communiqu\u00e9 of the People\u2019s Republic of China on the 2025 National Economic and Social Development. NBS, Beijing, 28 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Yearly Electricity Data: China, generation, capacity and emissions intensity. Ember, London, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), from the EDGAR Community GHG Database, Joint Research Centre, European Commission. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Energy imports, net (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS), Food imports (TM.VAL.FOOD.ZS.UN) and PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3). World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation years 2024, 2025 and 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c1-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: China. FAO, Rome, reference date 29 January 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c1-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-part-findings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/\">China 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 2<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Key findings<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Twelve findings carry the baseline. They are grouped by system, never ranked. Each resolves to its source or, where Nexus analysis is involved, to its stated method.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>4 min read<\/span><span>1 figure<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>11 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.1<\/span><span>Headline finding<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-WAT-005\">NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-WAT-005<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-km-t\">The 2021 Henan flood left 398 people dead or missing, 380 of them in Zhengzhou, where the national station recorded 201.9 mm of rain in one hour.<\/p><figure class=\"nrp-fig\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-fig1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-fig1-t\"><figcaption class=\"nrp-figcap\"><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Figure 2.1<\/span><span class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-fig1-t\">Henan flood 2021, official toll<\/span><\/figcaption><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl nrp-bars\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\"><span class=\"nrp-sr\">Bar, scaled to the largest value<\/span><\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Dead or missing, Henan (people)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100.0\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">398<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Dead or missing, Zhengzhou (people)<\/th><td class=\"nrp-barc\"><svg class=\"nrp-svg nrp-barsvg\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 8\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"nrp-track\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"100\" height=\"8\"\/><rect class=\"nrp-bar\" x=\"0\" y=\"0\" width=\"95.5\" height=\"8\"\/><\/svg><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\">380<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nrp-fig-src\">Source: State Council Disaster Investigation Team<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><\/figure><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Implication<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">The investigation counts 14 deaths in a metro train and 6 in a road tunnel, and 12 main rivers rose above warning level. Dense plains, underground transport and reservoirs therefore share one hazard, and loss depends on how they are linked<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">What would move it<\/h3><p class=\"nrp-p\">Reservoir and levee condition, underground-space flood rules, and rainy-season totals in the Yellow, Haihe and Huaihe basins would each move this finding.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.2<\/span><span>Climate forcing<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001\">NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-001<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The national mean temperature was 10.9 \u00b0C in 2025, 1.0 \u00b0C above the 1991 to 2020 normal and tied with 2024 as the highest since 1951; hot days averaged 16.5, the most since 1961.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002\">NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-002<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">North China had the highest rainy-season rainfall and the longest rainy season on record in 2025, and the Haihe basin had its third-largest annual rainfall.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-008\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-008\">NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-CLI-008<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Emissions excluding land use were 15,536 Mt CO\u2082e in 2024, 0.8% above 2023 (ESTIMATED change); the 2035 aim is net emissions 7 to 10% below peak levels, and the peak year is not established.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.3<\/span><span>Finance<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-FIN-003\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-FIN-003\">NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-FIN-003<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Meteorological disasters in 2025 left 628 people dead or missing and caused 231.78 billion yuan of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 direct-loss\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The value of physical damage to assets and the immediate harm to people caused by the event.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">direct loss<\/a>, 26.3% fewer deaths and missing and 28.8% less loss than the 2015 to 2024 average.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.4<\/span><span>SEI<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-SEI-004\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-SEI-004\">NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-SEI-004<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The Dingri (Tibet) <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> of 7 January 2025 had killed 126 people by that evening, according to official reports.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.5<\/span><span>Water<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-WAT-005\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-WAT-005\">NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-WAT-005<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The 2021 Henan flood left 398 people dead or missing and affected 14.786 million, with 120.06 billion yuan of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 direct-loss\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The value of physical damage to assets and the immediate harm to people caused by the event.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">direct loss<\/a>; the Zhengzhou station recorded 201.9 mm in one hour.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.6<\/span><span>Energy<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-ENE-006\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-ENE-006\">NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-ENE-006<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Coal supplied 54.8% of electricity in 2025 and 51.4% of total energy consumption, while wind and solar supplied 21.9% of electricity.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-ENE-007\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-ENE-007\">NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-ENE-007<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Wind and solar capacity reached about 1,842 GW at the end of 2025, about 51% of the 3,600 GW the 2035 contribution strives for (sum and ratio ESTIMATED).<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.7<\/span><span>Food<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-FOO-009\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-FOO-009\">NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-FOO-009<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Grain output was 714.88 million tonnes in 2025; the FAO records 657.5 million tonnes of cereals and cereal imports well below average for 2025\/26.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.8<\/span><span>Health<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-HLT-010\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-HLT-010\">NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-HLT-010<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The population fell by 3.39 million to 1,404.89 million in 2025; 15.9% were aged 65 or over and births were 7.92 million.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.9<\/span><span>Biodiversity<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-BIO-011\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-BIO-011\">NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-BIO-011<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">Protected areas covered 15.6% of land and 4.8% of territorial waters in 2025, and forest 24.0% of land in 2024, against a global 30% target for 2030.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">2.10<\/span><span>Systemic<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li id=\"nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\"><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><a class=\"nrp-find-id\" href=\"#nx-NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012\">NRF-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-SYS-012<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-find-t\">The leading compound pathway for 2027 testing is <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h4\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.precipitation.heavy-rain\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Precipitation extremes\" data-td=\"Rain falling fast or long enough to overwhelm drainage, soils and streams and to trigger floods and slope failures.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H4\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">extreme rain<\/a> on a dense plain in a hot summer that cuts roads, underground transport, water and care together. \u00a79.3<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Disaster Investigation Team of the State Council (ed.), Investigation Report on the \u201c7\u00b720\u201d Extraordinarily Heavy Rainstorm Disaster in Zhengzhou, Henan. Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing, January 2022. Observation year 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration (ed.), China Climate Bulletin (2025). CMA, Beijing, 12 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), from the EDGAR Community GHG Database, Joint Research Centre, European Commission. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Government of China (ed.), China\u2019s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution. Submission to the UNFCCC, Beijing, November 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), China: 2035 NDC assessment. Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Science and Technology Daily (ed.), \u201cDingri County <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> has killed 126 people and injured 188 (\u897f\u85cf\u5b9a\u65e5\u53bf\u5730\u9707\u5df2\u81f4126\u4eba\u9047\u96be\u3001188\u4eba\u53d7\u4f24).\u201d Beijing, 7 January 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Statistical Communiqu\u00e9 of the People\u2019s Republic of China on the 2025 National Economic and Social Development. NBS, Beijing, 28 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Yearly Electricity Data: China, generation, capacity and emissions intensity. Ember, London, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: China. FAO, Rome, reference date 29 January 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Terrestrial protected areas (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS), Marine protected areas (ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS), from UNEP-WCMC and IUCN, and Forest area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), from FAO. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation years 2025 and 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c2-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c2-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-part-systems-and-sectors\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/\">China 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 3<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems and sectors at baseline<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>2 tables<\/span><span>11 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.1<\/span><span>Where each system stood at evidence close<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WAT \u00b7 Water<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Renewable internal freshwater per person<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,992<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">m\u00b3<\/span><p>Agriculture took 62% of freshwater withdrawals, domestic use 20% and industry 18%.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2022<\/span><span>FAO AQUASTAT via World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">ENE \u00b7 Energy<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Coal share of electricity generation<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">54.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Wind and solar gave 21.9%. Solar generation was 1,173 TWh, up from 839 TWh in 2024.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>Ember<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FOO \u00b7 Food<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Grain output<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">714.88<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million t<\/span><p>Up 1.2% on 119.41 million hectares. The FAO counts 657.5 million t of cereals, a narrower definition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>NBS<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HLT \u00b7 Health<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Population aged 65 or over<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">15.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Births were 7.92 million and deaths 11.31 million; the population fell by 3.39 million.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>NBS<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">BIO \u00b7 Biodiversity<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Land in protected areas<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">15.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>Marine protected areas cover 4.8% of territorial waters, against a global 30% target for 2030.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>UNEP-WCMC via World Bank<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nrp-cell\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SYS \u00b7 Cross-system<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Average hot days, daily maximum 35 \u00b0C or above<\/h3><span class=\"pp-metric\">16.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">days<\/span><p>7.4 days above normal and the most since 1961; all 31 provincial-level units were warmer than normal.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-cell-foot\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span>2025<\/span><span>CMA<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.2<\/span><span>Domain posture<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each of the twelve coupled domains is read in words, not scored. The coupling column names the dependency that carries risk into other <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Each domain read in words, not scored<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Domain<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Posture at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT<\/span><\/td><td>About 1,990 m\u00b3 of renewable freshwater per person; rain is uneven in space and time; floods and scarcity coexist.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">WAT \u2192 HLT \u00b7 WAT \u2194 INF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE<\/span><\/td><td>Coal 54.8% of electricity; wind and solar fast-growing at 21.9%.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">ENE \u2190 TRD \u00b7 ENE \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO<\/span><\/td><td>Grain output 714.88 million t; cereal imports forecast well below average.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FOO \u2190 TRD, ENE<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT<\/span><\/td><td>Life expectancy 78.0 years; population 15.9% aged 65 or over and shrinking.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HLT \u2190 CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO<\/span><\/td><td>Protected land 15.6%, protected waters 4.8%, forest 24.0% of land.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">BIO \u2194 WAT, FOO<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CLI<\/span><\/td><td>Warmest year on record tied in 2025; record hot days; record North China rain season.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">forcing on all systems<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 5<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF<\/span><\/td><td>Dense networks and underground spaces; failures in flood events documented.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INF \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster loss 231.78 billion yuan in 2025; insured share not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIN \u2190 SEI, CLI<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT<\/span><\/td><td>Digital dependencies of lifelines not mapped at public-safe resolution.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DAT \u2192 ENE, FIN<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC<\/span><\/td><td>Data-centre and compute demand adds power and cooling load; not bound.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">AIC \u2192 ENE, WAT<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN<\/span><\/td><td>Critical-mineral dependencies not bound in this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MIN \u2190 TRD<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 2<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD<\/span><\/td><td>Net energy imports 24.0% of energy use; food 8.0% of merchandise imports.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">TRD \u2192 all<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span> <span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">3.3<\/span><span>Sector screens<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">All sixteen sectors are screened on the same grammar, so that later editions can say what changed. The evidence column describes coverage of the baseline evidence, not the performance of the sector.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 3.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Sectors: baseline evidence and the exposure to watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Code<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Sector<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Exposure to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-00<\/span><\/td><td>Cross-system<\/td><td>compound heat, flood and demographic stress<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h4\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.precipitation.heavy-rain\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Precipitation extremes\" data-td=\"Rain falling fast or long enough to overwhelm drainage, soils and streams and to trigger floods and slope failures.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H4\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">extreme rain<\/a> on a dense plain<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-01<\/span><\/td><td>Water<\/td><td>about 1,990 m\u00b3 per person<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>floods; basin imbalance<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-02<\/span><\/td><td>Energy<\/td><td>coal 54.8% of electricity<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>peak heat demand<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-03<\/span><\/td><td>Food<\/td><td>grain 714.88 million t<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>autumn rain; import shocks<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-04<\/span><\/td><td>Health<\/td><td>ageing; population 15.9% aged 65+<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat surge; care continuity<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-05<\/span><\/td><td>Finance<\/td><td>disaster loss 231.78 billion yuan<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a> not bound<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-06<\/span><\/td><td>Development<\/td><td>urbanisation 67.89%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>service load in large cities<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-07<\/span><\/td><td>Climate<\/td><td>warmest year tied, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>heat and heavy rain<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-08<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster<\/td><td>monthly national disaster statistics published<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>floods, typhoons, earthquakes<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-09<\/span><\/td><td>Infrastructure<\/td><td>underground spaces flooded in 2021<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>flood and heat stress<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-10<\/span><\/td><td>Cities<\/td><td>dense metropolitan regions<\/td><td>urban flooding and heat<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-11<\/span><\/td><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>protected land 15.6%<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>condition not bound<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-12<\/span><\/td><td>Earth observation<\/td><td>national climate monitoring bulletin<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>continuity<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-13<\/span><\/td><td>Cyber and digital<\/td><td>dependencies not yet mapped<\/td><td>systemic outages<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-14<\/span><\/td><td>Policy<\/td><td>Emergency Response Law revised 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>coordination across levels<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">GS-15<\/span><\/td><td>Science<\/td><td>peer-reviewed national research<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>translation to provinces<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita (ER.H2O.INTR.PC) and Annual freshwater withdrawals by sector (ER.H2O.FWAG.ZS, FWDM, FWIN), from FAO AQUASTAT. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Yearly Electricity Data: China, generation, capacity and emissions intensity. Ember, London, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Statistical Communiqu\u00e9 of the People\u2019s Republic of China on the 2025 National Economic and Social Development. NBS, Beijing, 28 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Terrestrial protected areas (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS), Marine protected areas (ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS), from UNEP-WCMC and IUCN, and Forest area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), from FAO. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation years 2025 and 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration (ed.), China Climate Bulletin (2025). CMA, Beijing, 12 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: China. FAO, Rome, reference date 29 January 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Ministry of Emergency Management of China (ed.), national natural disaster releases (\u5168\u56fd\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u60c5\u51b5), monthly and annual. MEM, Beijing, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Disaster Investigation Team of the State Council (ed.), Investigation Report on the \u201c7\u00b720\u201d Extraordinarily Heavy Rainstorm Disaster in Zhengzhou, Henan. Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing, January 2022. Observation year 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Standing Committee of the National People\u2019s Congress (ed.), Emergency Response Law of the People\u2019s Republic of China, revised 2025. Beijing, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>S. Piao, P. Ciais, Y. Huang et al., \u201cThe impacts of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">climate change<\/a> on water resources and agriculture in China,\u201d Nature, vol. 467, pp. 43\u201351, 2010.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c3-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>Y. Sun, X. Zhang, F. W. Zwiers et al., \u201cRapid increase in the risk of extreme summer heat in Eastern China,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 4, pp. 1082\u20131085, 2014.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c3-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-part-risk-and-capability\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/\">China 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 4<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Risks and capability<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Four risk objects open the portfolio. Order carries no rank. Each is read across driver, exposure, vulnerability, capacity, cascade and consequence.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>4 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>12 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.1<\/span><span>Risk objects<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Each risk is read across the chain from hazard to consequence, with its status and evidence-quality level.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-find\"><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-CHN-CLI-001<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Record heat and hot-day extremes<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>warming and persistent heat processes<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>central and eastern provinces; 11 units had record annual temperature<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>older population (15.9% aged 65 or over)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>not bound: heat alert and cooling-shelter records<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 HLT \u2192 ENE peak<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>seasonal<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-CHN-CLI-002<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Extreme rain and river flooding<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>more <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h4\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.precipitation.heavy-rain\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Precipitation extremes\" data-td=\"Rain falling fast or long enough to overwhelm drainage, soils and streams and to trigger floods and slope failures.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H4\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">intense rainfall<\/a> and long rainy seasons<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>dense plains, reservoirs and underground spaces<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>drainage and reservoir condition not bound<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>red rainstorm warnings issued in 2021<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 INF, HLT<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>annual<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-CHN-SEI-003<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Strong earthquakes on the plateau and in basins<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>continental collision tectonics<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>Dingri 2025: 126 deaths by the evening of the event<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>building condition by province not bound<\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>not bound: seismic code and response records<\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>SEI \u2192 INF, HLT<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>30 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><li><p class=\"nrp-find-m\"><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><span class=\"nrp-eql\" title=\"Evidence-quality level, 1 to 5\">EQL 3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-find-id\">RSK-CHN-ENE-004<\/span><\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h4\">Coal-led power under rising demand and import exposure<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Driver<\/dt><dd>demand growth and heat peaks<\/dd><dt>Exposure<\/dt><dd>power, industry, households<\/dd><dt>Vulnerability<\/dt><dd>coal 54.8% of electricity; net energy imports 24.0% of energy use<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Capacity<\/dt><dd>1,842 GW of wind and solar installed<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Cascade<\/dt><dd>ENE \u2192 WAT, HLT, FOO<\/dd><dt>Horizon<\/dt><dd>1 to 5 years<\/dd><\/dl><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">4.2<\/span><span>Capability ladder<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Existence is not readiness. Each of the fifteen capability functions is placed on the ladder by the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 4.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Capabilities on the ladder of evidence: listed, exists, demonstrated, tested<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Function<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rung<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Level<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Strongest public evidence at baseline<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Prevention and mitigation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: building, flood-control and land-use registers \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved by evidence close<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monitoring and observation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>national climate monitoring and an annual climate bulletin are published<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Timely, actionable information about an impending hazard that lets people and institutions act to reduce harm before it occurs.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early warning<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>red rainstorm warnings were issued before the Zhengzhou rain; the investigation found response gaps<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Preparedness and planning<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>the Emergency Response Law was revised in 2025; use in practice not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Redundancy and reserves<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: grain and water reserve data \u00b7 blocker: not published in bound form<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Response<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: Ministry of Emergency Management response records \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Continuity of critical services<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: utility restoration records \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Recovery<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: provincial reconstruction records after the 2021 flood \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adaptation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>the National <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Adaptation Strategy 2035 exists; delivery not bound<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 social-protection\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Public policies and programmes that help people manage risk and reduce poverty and vulnerability across their lives.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Social protection<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: social-insurance registers \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Finance and insurance<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: National Financial Regulatory Administration insurance statistics \u00b7 blocker: not retrieved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Institutional coordination<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>monthly national natural disaster releases are published by the Ministry of Emergency Management<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Technical infrastructure<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>EXISTS<\/td><td>about 3,891 GW of installed power capacity, 1,842 GW of it wind and solar<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Workforce<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td>source: emergency and health workforce statistics \u00b7 blocker: not reviewed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Research capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-ladder\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i data-on=\"true\"><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><i><\/i><\/span><\/td><td>LISTED<\/td><td>peer-reviewed national climate, heat and water studies exist<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"4\">A capability listed in policy is not a tested one; each rung is the strongest public evidence at baseline.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration (ed.), China Climate Bulletin (2025). CMA, Beijing, 12 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Statistical Communiqu\u00e9 of the People\u2019s Republic of China on the 2025 National Economic and Social Development. NBS, Beijing, 28 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Disaster Investigation Team of the State Council (ed.), Investigation Report on the \u201c7\u00b720\u201d Extraordinarily Heavy Rainstorm Disaster in Zhengzhou, Henan. Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing, January 2022. Observation year 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Science and Technology Daily (ed.), \u201cDingri County <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> has killed 126 people and injured 188 (\u897f\u85cf\u5b9a\u65e5\u53bf\u5730\u9707\u5df2\u81f4126\u4eba\u9047\u96be\u3001188\u4eba\u53d7\u4f24).\u201d Beijing, 7 January 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Yearly Electricity Data: China, generation, capacity and emissions intensity. Ember, London, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Energy imports, net (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS), Food imports (TM.VAL.FOOD.ZS.UN) and PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3). World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation years 2024, 2025 and 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Standing Committee of the National People\u2019s Congress (ed.), Emergency Response Law of the People\u2019s Republic of China, revised 2025. Beijing, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Ministry of Ecology and Environment and partner departments (eds.), National <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Adaptation Strategy 2035. Beijing, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Ministry of Emergency Management of China (ed.), national natural disaster releases (\u5168\u56fd\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u60c5\u51b5), monthly and annual. MEM, Beijing, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>S. Piao, P. Ciais, Y. Huang et al., \u201cThe impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in China,\u201d Nature, vol. 467, pp. 43\u201351, 2010.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>Y. Sun, X. Zhang, F. W. Zwiers et al., \u201cRapid increase in the risk of extreme summer heat in Eastern China,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 4, pp. 1082\u20131085, 2014.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c4-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>J. Liu, H. Yang, S. N. Gosling et al., \u201c<a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.supply-shortfall\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"Demand exceeding the water a system can deliver, so that rationing or cuts follow for homes, farms and industry.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">Water scarcity<\/a> assessments in the past, present, and future,\u201d Earth\u2019s Future, vol. 5, pp. 545\u2013559, 2017.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c4-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-part-scenario\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c5-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/\">China 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 5<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Extreme rain on a dense plain in a hot summer<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">A conditional statement under stated assumptions, never a prediction.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>2 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>0 tables<\/span><span>2 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c5-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c5-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c5-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.1<\/span><span>Assumptions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Scenario SCN-CHN-FLD-01: what is assumed, and what is held constant.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Baseline<\/dt><dd>the 2026 reference state in this edition<\/dd><dt>Drivers<\/dt><dd>a one-hour rainfall of about 200 mm and a one-day total near the local annual mean over a dense plain city, after a record-hot spell<\/dd><dt>Analogues<\/dt><dd>Henan 2021<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c5-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c5-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup>; North China rainy season 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c5-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c5-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Interventions<\/dt><dd>none modelled: the specification describes the unmitigated case<\/dd><dt>Run state<\/dt><dd>narrative specification; quantified Foundry run scheduled for Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c5-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c5-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c5-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.2<\/span><span>The cascade, step by step<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">1<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 INF<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">streets, tunnels and metro lines flood<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">Henan 2021<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c5-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">2<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 WAT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">rivers exceed warning levels; reservoirs and levees threatened<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">Henan 2021<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c5-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">3<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">INF \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">people trapped in underground spaces; ambulances delayed<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">Henan 2021<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c5-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">4<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 FOO<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">standing water and lodging damage crops<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">North China 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c5-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">5<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">CLI \u2192 HLT<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">a preceding hot spell raises the base load on health services<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">scenario assumption<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">6<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">INF \u2192 ENE<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">substations and pumping stations at risk<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">scenario assumption<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c5-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c5-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c5-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">5.3<\/span><span>The scenario as a table of steps<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">How the shock in scenario SCN-CHN-FLD-01 would travel through China&#8217;s coupled <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, step by step, under the assumptions the edition states.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Climate to infrastructure<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Streets, tunnels and metro lines flood. Analogue or source: Henan 2021 [14].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition CHN, scenario SCN-CHN-FLD-01, step 1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 Climate to water<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Rivers exceed warning levels; reservoirs and levees threatened. Analogue or source: Henan 2021 [14].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition CHN, scenario SCN-CHN-FLD-01, step 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 Infrastructure to health<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">People trapped in underground spaces; ambulances delayed. Analogue or source: Henan 2021 [14].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition CHN, scenario SCN-CHN-FLD-01, step 3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 Climate to food<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Standing water and lodging damage crops. Analogue or source: North China 2025 [3].<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition CHN, scenario SCN-CHN-FLD-01, step 4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 Climate to health<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A preceding hot spell raises the base load on health services. Analogue or source: scenario assumption.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition CHN, scenario SCN-CHN-FLD-01, step 5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Infrastructure to energy<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Substations and pumping stations at risk. Analogue or source: scenario assumption.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\">Edition CHN, scenario SCN-CHN-FLD-01, step 6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of a conditional scenario under the edition&#8217;s stated assumptions: not a forecast, not a prediction and not a warning. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/scenario\/\" rel=\"noopener\">China 2026, scenario SCN-CHN-FLD-01<\/a> (2026); China 2026, references (NR-CIT-1) (2026).<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c5-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c5-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c5-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c5-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Disaster Investigation Team of the State Council (ed.), Investigation Report on the \u201c7\u00b720\u201d Extraordinarily Heavy Rainstorm Disaster in Zhengzhou, Henan. Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing, January 2022. Observation year 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c5-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c5-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration (ed.), China Climate Bulletin (2025). CMA, Beijing, 12 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c5-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-part-lenses-and-readings\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/\">China 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 6<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Readings from the other desks<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The baseline is read through each steward\u2019s lens, then once as a whole. Each lens is a projection of reviewed findings, not a separate argument. The other desks&#8217; own editions of this subject are listed first, as cross-references, not copies.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>12 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>8 tables<\/span><span>33 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.1<\/span><span>The other desks&#8217; editions of this subject<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Federation: each desk writes its own edition for the subjects in its remit. Until a desk releases, its edition shows its frame and the reading this edition printed for it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Desk<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-host=\"true\"><th scope=\"row\">GCRI Systems Evidence<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRF Public Deliberation<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">GRA Capital Readiness<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Standards Progress<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Academy Capability<\/th><td>Outside this desk&#8217;s remit<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in remit<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Index Measurement<\/th><td>No edition of this subject at this desk in the 2026 Baseline cycle<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Not in this cycle<\/span><\/td><td class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.2<\/span><span>Three lenses<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">One edition, read by each steward. The lens of this site comes first.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\" data-n=\"3\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\" data-host=\"true\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GCRI \u00b7 KEY T<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Technical Truth<\/h3><p>The evidence supports a coupled reading of China\u2019s risk: heat and rain extremes are rising, loss builds fast on dense plains, and an older population changes who is exposed. Evidence is strongest for climate monitoring, electricity and population, and weakest for water use, heat deaths and insurance cover.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">CLI-001 \u00b7 CLI-002 \u00b7 WAT-005 \u00b7 SYS-012<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRF \u00b7 KEY M<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Public Meaning<\/h3><p>For most people risk arrives as a heat warning, a rainstorm alert or a flooded street. The baseline asks that public debate weigh how a smaller, older population changes who can evacuate, who can respond and how fast places recover.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">HLT-010 \u00b7 WAT-005 \u00b7 CLI-001<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">GRA \u00b7 KEY F<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Capital Meaning<\/h3><p>Readiness implications only. Direct disaster loss was 231.78 billion yuan in 2025 and the insured share is not bound. These show where finance-readiness evidence will matter. Nothing here is advice, a rating or an approval.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">FIN-003 \u00b7 ENE-007<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEXUS<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">Synthesis<\/h3><p>China has deep monitoring and statistics and thinner public evidence on keeping water, power and care running for weeks. The 2027 programme should map flood and lifeline dependencies, test the Henan pattern at wider scale, and measure heat and import exposure.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">SYS-012 \u00b7 A-01 \u00b7 A-02<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.3<\/span><span>Standards, Academy and steward contributions<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">How the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> drafts, the Risk Academy and the three stewards feed each quarterly edition for China. The standards are preparatory working drafts (October 2026) and are cited as drafts, never as adopted standards.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The quarterly rhythm every edition follows<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Quarter<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Boundary<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Q1<\/td><td>State and Agenda<\/td><td>What matters this year, and what is the starting position?<\/td><td>observed baseline stays distinct from planned work<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q2<\/td><td>Evidence and Build<\/td><td>What new evidence and capability have been developed?<\/td><td>a configured capability is not a validated result<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q3<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 stress-test\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An assessment of how a system, portfolio or institution would perform under severe but plausible adverse scenarios, to find weaknesses before they are revealed by events.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Stress Test<\/a> and Readiness<\/td><td>What do scenarios and tests reveal?<\/td><td>simulated loss or performance is not observed impact<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Q4<\/td><td>Annual Synthesis and Renewal<\/td><td>What did the year establish, and what changes next?<\/td><td>release follows review, not event publicity deadlines<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Who contributes what each quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Steward or body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contribution route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GCRI Canada<\/td><td>Lead Institution and Consortium Secretariat; publisher of record; technical truth (key T)<\/td><td>science and practice communities \u00b7 GCRI gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Forum (GRF)<\/td><td>leadership, dialogue and the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> programme; public meaning (key M)<\/td><td>policy, Universe and national adoption \u00b7 GRF gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Global Risks Alliance (GRA)<\/td><td>finance, insurance and development readiness; capital meaning (key F)<\/td><td>finance and insurance \u00b7 GRA gateway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nexus Standards<\/td><td>preparatory drafts on vocabulary, hazards, indicators and methods<\/td><td>Standards site \u00b7 working groups HAZ, IND, MTH, FIN, AI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Risk Academy<\/td><td>learning pathways tied to the agenda questions<\/td><td>Academy gateway \u00b7 learning by review<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>China<\/td><td>national pathway: Desk, Leadership Council, Consortium, Working Groups<\/td><td>national Commons room<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards drafts used in this edition<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Risk vocabulary NRS-C1 (424 terms) for terms in the glossary<\/li><li>Hazard atlas NHS-1 1.1.0 (905 hazards in 120 families) for risk objects<\/li><li>Seven risk classes: global, catastrophic, existential, emerging, planetary, exponential, frontier-tech<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Standards calendar to watch<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Founding calls from 20 October 2026; working groups meet from 5 November 2026<\/li><li>Inaugural Global Standards Council session, 12 January 2027<\/li><li>Quarterly reviews in March, June, September and December, aligned with each edition<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Nothing here certifies. A Nexus attestation records an evaluation under a mandate; it confers no certification, endorsement or approval. National adoption of any standard is a decision of the national standards council.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.4<\/span><span>GCRI reading: the model card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-p\">GCRI&#8217;s reading of this edition is its model card: what the national model is, what it computes and where it stops. It is printed in full in Annex A, with the methods it belongs to. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/methodology\/\">Annex A, methodology<\/a><\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.5<\/span><span>Global Risks Forum reading: editorial essays<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Four signed essays by the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> editorial team set out the positions this edition takes. They are interpretation, labelled as such; the evidence they draw on is in the findings register.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">A year tied as the warmest, a record count of hot days and warmer-than-normal readings in every provincial-level unit make heat a national condition, not a local event. The baseline reads it as a load on power, water and care together.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 01<\/h3><p>Heat is the new baseline<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Wind and solar capacity has passed 1,800 GW while coal still supplies more than half of electricity. The edition treats both as facts of the 2026 reference state and does not forecast the crossover.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 02<\/h3><p>Two fleets grow together<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Henan 2021 and North China 2025 show rain reaching records in or near large urban and farming plains. Underground transport, reservoirs and crops are coupled through one hazard.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 03<\/h3><p>Floods find the densest places<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The population fell by 3.39 million in 2025 and 15.9% are 65 or over. This changes who is exposed to heat and flood and how large a response workforce can be.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EDITORIAL ESSAY \u00b7 04<\/h3><p>A smaller, older population<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Essays are signed views of the editorial team. Contributed articles from working groups, consortium institutions and invited experts begin with the Q1 2027 edition, each with its own review route and disclosures.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.6<\/span><span>Global Risks Alliance reading: q1 2027 readiness pack<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The registers that open the first operational quarter. At baseline each is initialised from this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Q1 2027 readiness pack<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Register<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State at baseline<\/th><th scope=\"col\">First Q1 2027 entry<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>E1<\/td><td>National risk state delta<\/td><td>baseline set by this edition<\/td><td>changes against the baseline<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E2<\/td><td>WEFH+B state delta<\/td><td>five system readings set<\/td><td>indicator updates and freshness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E3<\/td><td>Agenda and Portfolio movement<\/td><td>eight agenda items \u00b7 7 proposed objects<\/td><td>admission decisions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E4<\/td><td>NWG delivery register<\/td><td>no groups yet<\/td><td>first monthly outputs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E5<\/td><td>NNC capability register<\/td><td>membership opens in Q1 2027<\/td><td>first contributions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E6<\/td><td>NLC questions and challenges<\/td><td>none yet<\/td><td>first challenge log<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E7<\/td><td>Foundry technical state<\/td><td>environment prepared<\/td><td>first sealed cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E8<\/td><td>Publication candidates<\/td><td>twelve findings carried forward<\/td><td>PUBLISH \u00b7 HOLD dispositions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E9<\/td><td>Universe readiness<\/td><td>one candidate mission<\/td><td>admission and role spine<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>E10<\/td><td>Correction register<\/td><td>none<\/td><td>first correction cycle<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication dispositions<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Publish<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Hold<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Needs evidence<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Restricted<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">Superseded<\/li><\/ul><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Programme progress is not real-world risk improvement. These registers record the work of the Nexus programme; they report on no public authority.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.7<\/span><span>Nexus Standards reading: standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Instruments that shape the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> in this edition, by status on the retrieval date. The edition assesses no one\u2019s compliance.<\/p><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">IN FORCE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ADOPTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">SUBMITTED<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">UNDER REVIEW<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">PUBLISHED \u00b7 VOLUNTARY<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Standards and regulatory watch<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Instrument<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Scope<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Relevance<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a> \u00b7 2035 contribution: net emissions 7 to 10% below peak, striving to do better<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n39\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Note 39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UNFCCC \u00b7 China<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>SUBMITTED 2025<\/td><td>emissions pathway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy Law of the People\u2019s Republic of China<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n24\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NPC Standing Committee<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>IN FORCE 2025<\/td><td>energy system<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food Security Law<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n25\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NPC Standing Committee<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>IN FORCE 2024<\/td><td>grain security<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Emergency Response Law, revised<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n26\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NPC Standing Committee<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>REVISED 2025<\/td><td>emergency management<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Adaptation Strategy 2035<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n29\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national departments<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>ISSUED 2022<\/td><td>adaptation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Interim Regulations on Carbon Emissions Trading Management<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n30\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>State Council<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>IN FORCE 2024<\/td><td>carbon market<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Yangtze River Protection Law<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n27\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Note 27\">27<\/a><\/sup> and Yellow River Protection Law<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n28\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Note 28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NPC Standing Committee<\/td><td>basin<\/td><td>IN FORCE<\/td><td>basin governance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kunming-Montreal Framework<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CBD<\/td><td>international<\/td><td>ADOPTED 2022<\/td><td>30by30<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Changed since 2024<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>The 2035 contribution was submitted in November 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The Emergency Response Law was revised in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n26\" aria-label=\"Note 26\">26<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>The Energy Law came into force in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">To watch in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Delivery against the 2035 wind and solar aim<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Coverage and rules of the national carbon market<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n30\" aria-label=\"Note 30\">30<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Implementation of the Food Security Law<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n25\" aria-label=\"Note 25\">25<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Status is read from the issuing body on the retrieval date. A change in status opens a review task for every finding that relies on the instrument.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">6.8<\/span><span>Risk Academy reading: literature and evidence review, science and assessments<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The review behind this edition covers peer-reviewed science, national and international assessments and the institutional reports that bind its findings. Full systematic reviews begin in Q1 2027 for each agenda item.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Review protocol<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Question<\/dt><dd>What does the published evidence establish about China\u2019s coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity risks?<\/dd><dt>Sources searched<\/dt><dd>peer-reviewed literature; national and international assessments; official releases; industry loss data<\/dd><dt>Window<\/dt><dd>releases available at evidence close, 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Selection<\/dt><dd>sources that bind or contextualise a finding in this edition<\/dd><dt>Next step<\/dt><dd>systematic reviews for agenda items A-01 to A-05 in Q1 2027<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Science and assessments<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Type<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Lee and Romero (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n36\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>forcing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>McElwee et al. (eds.)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n41\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Note 41\">41<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>assessment<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>nexus interlinkages<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zscheischler et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n42\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>compound events<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Piao et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n31\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Note 31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2010<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>water and agriculture<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sun et al.<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n32\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Note 32\">32<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>journal article<\/td><td>2014<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>summer heat risk<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Institutional reports<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>China Climate Bulletin 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CMA National Climate Center<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>climate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Henan investigation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>State Council team<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>flood tail<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2035 contribution<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Government of China<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>energy pathway<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Adaptation Strategy 2035<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n29\" aria-label=\"Note 29\">29<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national departments<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>adaptation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy Law<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n24\" aria-label=\"Note 24\">24<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NPC Standing Committee<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>energy governance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Foundational Edition<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n44\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Note 44\">44<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>GCRI<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>framework<\/td><td>method<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global baseline<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n45\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Note 45\">45<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>GCRI<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>global anchor<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Official statistics and national sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Statistical communique<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NBS<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>profile, grain, energy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sample survey<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NBS<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>age structure<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Ember<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>supports<\/td><td>power mix<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CO\u2082 accounts<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n34\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Note 34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Shan et al.<\/td><td>2018<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>emissions accounting<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water stress<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n35\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Note 35\">35<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Liu et al.<\/td><td>2017<\/td><td>context<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.supply-shortfall\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"Demand exceeding the water a system can deliver, so that rationing or cuts follow for homes, farms and industry.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">water scarcity<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population prospects<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n46\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Note 46\">46<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UN DESA<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>population series<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 6.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Industry, loss data and international sources<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Reference<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Issuer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Used for<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Temperature mortality<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n33\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>Zhao et al.<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>heat and health<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Disaster releases<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>MEM<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>listed<\/td><td>losses<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Insurance statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NFRA<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>not bound<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Global Energy Review<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n40\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Note 40\">40<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>IEA<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>global energy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>World Health Statistics<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n43\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Note 43\">43<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>WHO<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>context<\/td><td>health<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where the evidence agrees<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>China is warming and heavy rain is intensifying<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n36\" aria-label=\"Note 36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Compound heat and flood events load several <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> at once<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n42\" aria-label=\"Note 42\">42<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>An older population increases vulnerability to heat and disaster<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n33\" aria-label=\"Note 33\">33<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>Disaster risk is systemic and crosses sectors<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n37\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Note 37\">37<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Where it is unsettled<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>How to count heat deaths consistently across provinces<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>How fast non-fossil supply can displace coal<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/li><li>When national emissions peak and by how much they fall afterwards<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-n13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NEWS AND PREPRINTS<\/p><p>No news report or preprint binds a finding in this edition. News is used only to date events; preprints used from Q1 2027 will be flagged as not peer-reviewed.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Government of China (ed.), China\u2019s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution. Submission to the UNFCCC, Beijing, November 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNFCCC (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>. United Nations, Paris, 2015.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r39\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 39\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Standing Committee of the National People\u2019s Congress (ed.), Energy Law of the People\u2019s Republic of China. Beijing, adopted November 2024, in force 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r24\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 24\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Standing Committee of the National People\u2019s Congress (ed.), Food Security Law of the People\u2019s Republic of China. Beijing, adopted December 2023, in force 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r25\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 25\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Standing Committee of the National People\u2019s Congress (ed.), Emergency Response Law of the People\u2019s Republic of China, revised 2025. Beijing, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r26\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 26\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Ministry of Ecology and Environment and partner departments (eds.), National <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Adaptation Strategy 2035. Beijing, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r29\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 29\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>State Council of China (ed.), Interim Regulations on Carbon Emissions Trading Management. Beijing, 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r30\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 30\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Standing Committee of the National People\u2019s Congress (ed.), Yangtze River Protection Law of the People\u2019s Republic of China. Beijing, 2020, in force 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r27\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 27\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>Standing Committee of the National People\u2019s Congress (ed.), Yellow River Protection Law of the People\u2019s Republic of China. Beijing, 2022, in force 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r28\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 28\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), China: 2035 NDC assessment. Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.), Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r36\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 36\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.13850054\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054<\/a><a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r41\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 41\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r42\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 42\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>S. Piao, P. Ciais, Y. Huang et al., \u201cThe impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in China,\u201d Nature, vol. 467, pp. 43\u201351, 2010.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r31\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 31\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>Y. Sun, X. Zhang, F. W. Zwiers et al., \u201cRapid increase in the risk of extreme summer heat in Eastern China,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 4, pp. 1082\u20131085, 2014.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r32\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 32\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration (ed.), China Climate Bulletin (2025). CMA, Beijing, 12 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Disaster Investigation Team of the State Council (ed.), Investigation Report on the \u201c7\u00b720\u201d Extraordinarily Heavy Rainstorm Disaster in Zhengzhou, Henan. Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing, January 2022. Observation year 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports: The Foundational Edition, Volumes I and II. Reports series, Edition 2026\u20132030, V1.0. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r44\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 44\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r45\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 45\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Statistical Communiqu\u00e9 of the People\u2019s Republic of China on the 2025 National Economic and Social Development. NBS, Beijing, 28 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Communiqu\u00e9 of the 1% National Population Sample Survey in 2025. NBS, Beijing, 22 May 2026. Observation date 1 November 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Yearly Electricity Data: China, generation, capacity and emissions intensity. Ember, London, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>Y. Shan, D. Guan, H. Zheng et al., \u201cChina CO2 emission accounts 1997\u20132015,\u201d Scientific Data, vol. 5, 170201, 2018.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r34\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 34\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>J. Liu, H. Yang, S. N. Gosling et al., \u201c<a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.supply-shortfall\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"Demand exceeding the water a system can deliver, so that rationing or cuts follow for homes, farms and industry.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">Water scarcity<\/a> assessments in the past, present, and future,\u201d Earth\u2019s Future, vol. 5, pp. 545\u2013559, 2017.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r35\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 35\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (ed.), World Population Prospects 2024. United Nations, New York, 2024. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r46\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 46\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>Q. Zhao, Y. Guo, T. Ye et al., \u201cGlobal, regional, and national burden of mortality associated with non-optimal ambient temperatures from 2000 to 2019,\u201d The Lancet Planetary Health, vol. 5, pp. e415\u2013e425, 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r33\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 33\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Ministry of Emergency Management of China (ed.), national natural disaster releases (\u5168\u56fd\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u60c5\u51b5), monthly and annual. MEM, Beijing, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>National Financial Regulatory Administration of China (ed.), insurance industry statistics. NFRA, Beijing, not retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>International Energy Agency (ed.), Global Energy Review 2025. IEA, Paris, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r40\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 40\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>World Health Organization (ed.), World Health Statistics 2025. WHO, Geneva, 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r43\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 43\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r37\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 37\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c6-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>National Health Commission of China (ed.), Statistical Bulletin on the Development of Health Care. NHC, Beijing, not retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c6-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-part-agenda\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/\">China 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 7<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">The 2027 agenda<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Eight bounded questions open the 2027 National Agenda. Each comes from a baseline finding, names the initiative that will carry it and the first output due at the Q1 2027 cut.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>5 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>6 tables<\/span><span>2 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.1<\/span><span>Questions for the operational series<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How would <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h4\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.precipitation.heavy-rain\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Precipitation extremes\" data-td=\"Rain falling fast or long enough to overwhelm drainage, soils and streams and to trigger floods and slope failures.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H4\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">extreme rain<\/a> on a dense plain cut roads, underground transport, water and care together, and how long would recovery take?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-CHN-WAT-01 \u00b7 flood and lifeline continuity; first output: dependency graph for two provinces.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How much heat-health surge capacity and power margin exist in a record-hot summer?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-CHN-CLI-02 \u00b7 heat, power and care; first output: surge and margin baseline for five provinces.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How fast can wind, solar and other non-fossil supply displace coal, and what does the 2035 aim imply year by year?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-CHN-ENE-03 \u00b7 power mix and coal pace; first output: generation and capacity table 2020 to 2026.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How concentrated are soybean, feed and cereal imports, by commodity and origin?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-CHN-FOO-04 \u00b7 import exposure; first output: commodity dependence table.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Where do flood, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">typhoon<\/a> and drought losses fall, and who insures them?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-CHN-FIN-05 \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a>; first output: peril-by-province loss table.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How do reservoirs and levees perform under more intense rainfall?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">INI-CHN-WAT-06 \u00b7 workstream; first output: basin performance note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">How resilient are data-centre and manufacturing clusters to flood, heat and power constraints?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">To be admitted in Q1 2027; first output: scoping note.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">A-08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Which capabilities have been tested in real disasters, and which are only planned?<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">National capability register; first output: rung evidence for 15 functions.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.2<\/span><span>Portfolio proposed for the Q1 2027 alignment<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Five initiatives and one Universe mission candidate are proposed for admission at the Q1 2027 alignment. They are programme objects, no partner, funder or member is attached to them in this edition.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Objects proposed for the first operational quarter<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Object<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Question<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-CHN-WAT-01<\/span><\/td><td>Flood and lifeline continuity on dense plains<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-CHN-CLI-02<\/span><\/td><td>Heat, power and care surge<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-02<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-CHN-ENE-03<\/span><\/td><td>Power mix and coal transition pace<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-03<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-CHN-FOO-04<\/span><\/td><td>Grain, soybean and feed import exposure<\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-04<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">INI-CHN-FIN-05<\/span><\/td><td>Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>Initiative<\/td><td>A-05<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PRJ-CHN-WAT-01a<\/span><\/td><td>Two-province flood and lifeline dependency graph<\/td><td>Project<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td>PROPOSED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">MSN-CHN-2027-01<\/span><\/td><td>Flood, lifeline and health Universe mission<\/td><td>Mission<\/td><td>A-01<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.3<\/span><span>The pathway<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">China is the national pathway through which the Nexus operating system will run in China from 2027. At baseline the pathway is designed and its records are prepared; its councils and working groups are constituted from Q1 2027. This page states what exists today and what comes next, nothing more.<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">One National Agenda<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">bounded national questions for the year<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">DRAFT 2027 \u00b7 agenda review at the Q1 alignment<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Desk<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">coordination, records, routing and continuity<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">DESIGNED \u00b7 constituted in Q1 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Model<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">the country as a system of <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">v0 SPECIFIED \u00b7 v1 with the first Foundry cut<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">National Portfolio<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">risks, capabilities, initiatives, projects, missions<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">7 PROPOSED \u00b7 admission at the Q1 alignment<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Foundry<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">continuous computational environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">PREPARED \u00b7 first sealed cut NQ-CHN-2027-Q1<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Reports<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">quarterly and annual publication<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">BASELINE ISSUED \u00b7 Q1 2027 \u00b7 State &amp; Agenda<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">07<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Universe<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">annual proving environment<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">CANDIDATE MISSION \u00b7 mandate set in 2027<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">08<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-t\">Evidence and correction<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">after-action, correction and renewal<\/p><p class=\"nrp-rows-m\">OPEN \u00b7 first correction cycle in Q2 2027<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.4<\/span><span>Universe 2027, evidence pack for the candidate mission<\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Mandate<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Core Build \u00b7 1 month<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Action \u00b7 1 week<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Evidence seal<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Portfolio correction<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">06<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">Next mandate<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Universe 2027, evidence pack for the candidate mission<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Record<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Timing<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>F1<\/td><td>Annual mandate record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>after the Q2 2027 alignment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F2<\/td><td>Core Build record<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>one month before the exercise<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F3<\/td><td>Exercise evidence<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>during the Action week<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F4<\/td><td>Decision packets<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>exercise state only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F5<\/td><td>Proof receipts<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>scoped to each recorded check<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F6<\/td><td>After-action report<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>within one quarter<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F7<\/td><td>Upgrade docket<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>routed to the Portfolio<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F8<\/td><td>Portfolio renewal<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>Q4 2027 annual edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>F9<\/td><td>Public synthesis<\/td><td>PLANNED<\/td><td>public-safe extracts only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Mission<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>ID<\/dt><dd>MSN-CHN-2027-01 \u00b7 Flood, lifeline and health Universe mission<\/dd><dt>Role spine<\/dt><dd>Leadership sponsor (NLC) \u00b7 Institutional anchor (NNC) \u00b7 Mission lead (NWG)<\/dd><dt>Receiving actors<\/dt><dd>to be identified with the mandate<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Simulation success is not deployment approval; demonstration is not certification; finance readiness is not financing secured.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.5<\/span><span>Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Where the baseline\u2019s findings go next. A handoff routes a finding for awareness, review or work; it transfers no authority.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Handoffs and routing<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Finding<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Routed to<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Purpose<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CLI-001 \u00b7 heat<\/td><td>INI-CHN-CLI-02<\/td><td>heat, power and care<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CLI-002 \u00b7 rain<\/td><td>INI-CHN-WAT-01<\/td><td>flood and lifelines<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FIN-003 \u00b7 losses<\/td><td>INI-CHN-FIN-05 \u00b7 key F review<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SEI-004 \u00b7 Dingri<\/td><td>research question A-01<\/td><td>seismic evidence<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WAT-005 \u00b7 Henan<\/td><td>INI-CHN-WAT-01<\/td><td>two-province graph<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ENE-006 \u00b7 coal share<\/td><td>INI-CHN-ENE-03<\/td><td>power mix and pace<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FOO-009 \u00b7 grain<\/td><td>INI-CHN-FOO-04<\/td><td>import exposure<\/td><td>PUBLIC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SYS-012 \u00b7 compound pathway<\/td><td>MSN-CHN-2027-01<\/td><td>Universe candidate<\/td><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Routing rules by publication class<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Class<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Where it goes<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Who can see it<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>PUBLIC<\/td><td>the published edition and its evidence bundle<\/td><td>anyone<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONSORTIUM<\/td><td>governed rooms of the national pathway<\/td><td>consortium members under agreement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CONTROLLED<\/td><td>need-to-know channels<\/td><td>named competent actors only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Handoffs carry findings to Nexus programme objects and steward reviews. Competent authorities receive public editions as published; nothing here instructs them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">7.6<\/span><span>Feeds and signal register<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Feeds watched from Q1 2027<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Feed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Producer<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Latency<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Feeds into<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Climate monitoring and annual bulletin<\/td><td>China Meteorological Administration<\/td><td>monthly and annual<\/td><td>CLI-001 \u00b7 CLI-002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National natural disaster statistics<\/td><td>Ministry of Emergency Management<\/td><td>monthly<\/td><td>FIN-003<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> reports<\/td><td>China <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h17\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">Earthquake<\/a> Networks Center<\/td><td>real time<\/td><td>SEI-004<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Power statistics<\/td><td>National Energy Administration<\/td><td>monthly<\/td><td>ENE-006<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water resources bulletin<\/td><td>Ministry of Water Resources<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>WAT-005<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Statistical communique<\/td><td>National Bureau of Statistics<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FOO-009 \u00b7 HLT-010<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Crop brief<\/td><td>FAO GIEWS<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>FOO-009<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Escalation routes<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">none \u00b7 keep monitoring<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">research question<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">project<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">risk object<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">quarterly publication<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">signal report<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 7.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Signals at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">ID<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Signal<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Corroboration<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>SIG-CHN-001<\/td><td>Record national hot days in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c7-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 HLT<\/td><td>risk object RSK-CHN-CLI-001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-CHN-002<\/td><td>Record North China rainy season in 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c7-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 WAT<\/td><td>research question A-01<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SIG-CHN-003<\/td><td>Repeat <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h4\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.precipitation.heavy-rain\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Precipitation extremes\" data-td=\"Rain falling fast or long enough to overwhelm drainage, soils and streams and to trigger floods and slope failures.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H4\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">extreme rain<\/a> in dense plains (2021, 2025)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c7-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c7-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>CORROBORATED<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 INF \u00b7 HLT<\/td><td>initiative A-01<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>A signal is not a warning. Signal records never substitute for official alerting or early-warning authorities, and they bypass no publication control.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration (ed.), China Climate Bulletin (2025). CMA, Beijing, 12 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c7-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c7-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Disaster Investigation Team of the State Council (ed.), Investigation Report on the \u201c7\u00b720\u201d Extraordinarily Heavy Rainstorm Disaster in Zhengzhou, Henan. Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing, January 2022. Observation year 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c7-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-part-systems-in-depth\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/\">China 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chapter 8<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Systems in depth<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">One section per system: its state at evidence close, its exposures and what the operational series will watch.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>6 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>5 tables<\/span><span>16 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.1<\/span><span>Water, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">China has about 1,990 m\u00b3 of renewable freshwater per person, and rain is uneven across space and season, so floods and scarcity coexist. Agriculture takes most withdrawals.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">1,992<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">m\u00b3<\/span><p>renewable freshwater per person, 2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">62<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of withdrawals for agriculture, 2022<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">398<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">people<\/span><p>dead or missing, Henan flood 2021<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Supply<\/td><td>renewable internal freshwater about 1,992 m\u00b3 per person<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Use<\/td><td>agriculture 62%, domestic 20%, industry 18% of withdrawals<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Floods<\/td><td>North China had a record rainy season in 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Total use and storage<\/td><td>national water use by basin not bound<\/td><td>Ministry of Water Resources<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 WAT heavy rain and flood<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 FOO irrigation<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 ENE hydro and cooling<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 HLT drinking water<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>total water use and storage by basin<\/li><li>reservoir and levee condition<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Basin rainfall totals, reservoir levels and flood events in the Yellow, Haihe and Huaihe basins.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Water services rest with national, provincial and local authorities; this chapter assesses none of them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.2<\/span><span>Energy, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Coal supplied 54.8% of electricity in 2025 and wind and solar 21.9%. Capacity of both fleets is growing, and net energy imports were 24.0% of energy use in 2024.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">54.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>coal share of electricity, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">21.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>wind and solar share, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">24.0<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>net energy imports, share of energy use, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Power mix<\/td><td>coal 54.8%, hydro 13.3%, solar 11.2%, wind 10.7%, nuclear 4.6%, gas 3.2%<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capacity<\/td><td>wind 640.01 GW, solar 1,201.73 GW, thermal 1,539.04 GW<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Consumption<\/td><td>6.17 billion tonnes of standard coal, up 3.5%; coal 51.4%<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Clean share<\/td><td>the NBS clean-energy share of 30.4% includes natural gas, so it is not the non-fossil share in the 2035 aim<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>TRD \u2192 ENE fuel imports<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 WAT desalination and cooling<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 ENE peak demand<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 HLT cooling and power<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>fuel stock depth under disruption<\/li><li>grid resilience to flood and heat<\/li><li>monthly power statistics from the National Energy Administration<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n19\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Note 19\">19<\/a><\/sup>, not retrieved<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Wind and solar additions, summer peak margins and national carbon market coverage.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Energy decisions rest with the government, regulators and operators; this chapter assesses none of them.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.3<\/span><span>Food and agrifood, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Grain output was 714.88 million tonnes in 2025. Weather, not area, set the year\u2019s risks, and import dependence by commodity is not bound.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">714.88<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million t<\/span><p>grain output, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">657.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">million t<\/span><p>cereals, FAO, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">8.0<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>food share of merchandise imports, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Output<\/td><td>grain 714.88 million t on 119.41 million ha, up 1.2%<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Imports<\/td><td>cereal imports forecast at 37.7 million t for 2025\/26, well below average<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Weather<\/td><td>unseasonal October 2025 rains caused local crop losses; winter wheat sowing delayed about three weeks<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Soybeans and feed<\/td><td>import volumes and concentration not bound<\/td><td>Customs<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>TRD \u2192 FOO import dependence<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 FOO irrigation<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 FOO fuel and fertiliser<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 FOO heat, rain and grain quality<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>import concentration by commodity<\/li><li>heat effects on yield<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Rainy-season totals, autumn rain, soybean and feed import data and wheat sowing dates.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>This chapter describes the food system; it makes no statement on agricultural or trade policy.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.4<\/span><span>Health and One Health, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Life expectancy was 78.0 years in 2024, and the population is shrinking and ageing. Record heat in 2025 meets a population in which 15.9% are aged 65 or over. A national heat-death series is not bound.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">15.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>aged 65 or over, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">78.0<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">years<\/span><p>life expectancy, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">32.0<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">\u00b5g\/m\u00b3<\/span><p>PM2.5 mean annual exposure, 2023<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ageing<\/td><td>223.65 million aged 65 or over; 323.38 million aged 60 or over<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Births and deaths<\/td><td>7.92 million births against 11.31 million deaths<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat<\/td><td>record hot days in 2025<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat illness<\/td><td>national heat deaths and illness not bound<\/td><td>National Health Commission<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>CLI \u2192 HLT heat<\/li><li>SEI \u2192 HLT casualties<\/li><li>ENE \u2192 HLT cooling and power<\/li><li>WAT \u2192 HLT drinking water<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>heat deaths and illness<\/li><li>care continuity in disasters<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Summer hot-day counts, ward and ambulance surge capacity, and the age structure at the next census.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Health and care planning rest with national and local authorities. No personal health data are used or shown in Reports.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">8.5<\/span><span>Biodiversity and ecosystems, the baseline system chapter<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Protection covers 15.6% of land and 4.8% of territorial waters, and forest covers 24.0% of land. Condition outside protected areas is not bound.<\/p><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">15.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of land protected, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of territorial waters protected, 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">24.0<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">%<\/span><p>of land under forest, 2024<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table 8.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">State at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Component<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Evidence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Protection<\/td><td>land 15.6%, territorial waters 4.8%<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forest<\/td><td>forest 24.0% of land; the 2035 contribution aims for a stock above 24 billion m\u00b3<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Targets<\/td><td>global 30% target for land and sea by 2030<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n38\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-r38\" aria-label=\"Note 38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Condition<\/td><td>national park and ecosystem condition not bound<\/td><td>Forestry and Grassland Administration<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-n22\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Note 22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Couplings into other systems<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>BIO \u2192 WAT forest and watershed regulation<\/li><li>BIO \u2192 FOO pollination and soils<\/li><li>CLI \u2192 BIO warming and shifting ranges<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence to bind in 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>condition outside protected areas<\/li><li>marine ecosystem change<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">WHAT TO WATCH<\/p><p>Protected-area updates, forest stock reporting and progress against the global 30% target.<\/p><\/aside><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Biodiversity is not reduced to a single number. Where valuation is used later, it will never be presented as the whole value.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita (ER.H2O.INTR.PC) and Annual freshwater withdrawals by sector (ER.H2O.FWAG.ZS, FWDM, FWIN), from FAO AQUASTAT. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Disaster Investigation Team of the State Council (ed.), Investigation Report on the \u201c7\u00b720\u201d Extraordinarily Heavy Rainstorm Disaster in Zhengzhou, Henan. Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing, January 2022. Observation year 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration (ed.), China Climate Bulletin (2025). CMA, Beijing, 12 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Ministry of Water Resources of China (ed.), China Water Resources Bulletin. MWR, Beijing, retrieval blocked 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Yearly Electricity Data: China, generation, capacity and emissions intensity. Ember, London, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Energy imports, net (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS), Food imports (TM.VAL.FOOD.ZS.UN) and PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3). World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation years 2024, 2025 and 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Statistical Communiqu\u00e9 of the People\u2019s Republic of China on the 2025 National Economic and Social Development. NBS, Beijing, 28 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Government of China (ed.), China\u2019s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution. Submission to the UNFCCC, Beijing, November 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-n19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>National Energy Administration of China (ed.), power industry statistics. NEA, Beijing, not retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-r19\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 19\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: China. FAO, Rome, reference date 29 January 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>General Administration of Customs of China (ed.), import and export statistics for soybeans and feed. GACC, Beijing, not retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Life expectancy at birth (SP.DYN.LE00.IN) and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 mortality-rate\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The number of deaths in a population over a period relative to its size.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Mortality rate<\/a>, infant (SP.DYN.IMRT.IN), from UN DESA World Population Prospects. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>National Health Commission of China (ed.), Statistical Bulletin on the Development of Health Care. NHC, Beijing, not retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Terrestrial protected areas (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS), Marine protected areas (ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS), from UNEP-WCMC and IUCN, and Forest area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), from FAO. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation years 2025 and 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-n38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-r38\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 38\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-c8-n22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China (ed.), national park and forest resource statistics. NFGA, Beijing, not retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-c8-r22\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 22\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-part-methodology\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/\">China 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex A<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Methodology<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">How the edition was made: methods, the model card, the evidence cut and its age, the acceptance record and the glossary.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>9 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>12 tables<\/span><span>7 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.1<\/span><span>Methods<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The baseline uses published values and four simple derivations. Each is shown in full so that any reader can reproduce it.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Methods<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">No.<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Derivation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Calculation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Result<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>(1)<\/td><td>Wind and solar capacity, end-2025<\/td><td>640.01 + 1,201.73<\/td><td>1,841.74 GW<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(2)<\/td><td>Share of the 2035 aim reached<\/td><td>1,841.74 \/ 3,600<\/td><td>\u2248 51%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(3)<\/td><td>Change in emissions excl. land use, 2023 to 2024<\/td><td>15,536.1 \/ 15,411.8 \u2212 1<\/td><td>\u2248 +0.8%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(4)<\/td><td>Solar generation growth, 2024 to 2025<\/td><td>1,173.24 \/ 839.04 \u2212 1<\/td><td>\u2248 +39.8%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-tab2\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.2<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coupling strength scale (matrix and model card)<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Strength<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Definition<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>STRONG<\/td><td>a disruption in the source system has historically changed the target system\u2019s service or output within one season<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MODERATE<\/td><td>an effect is documented but buffered or slower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEAK<\/td><td>an effect is plausible but not documented at national scale<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Status grammar<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Rule<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>value as issued by its source, with year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>reasoned from cited evidence; never a measurement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus analytical value with stated method<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>conditional on stated assumptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>structured editorial judgement awaiting evidence<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.2<\/span><span>Model card, National Model v0<\/span><\/h2><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model ID<\/dt><dd>MDL-CHN-NATIONAL \u00b7 v0.1<\/dd><dt>Purpose<\/dt><dd>represent China as coupled water, energy, food, health and biodiversity <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> with forcing and transmission layers<\/dd><dt>Family<\/dt><dd>graph-based system of systems<\/dd><dt>Inputs<\/dt><dd>the cited sources of this edition; no proprietary data<\/dd><dt>Method<\/dt><dd>expert-specified coupling strengths (STRONG \u00b7 MODERATE \u00b7 WEAK) from evidence and analogue events<\/dd><dt>Validation<\/dt><dd>none yet, first validation against Q1 2027 Foundry evidence<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>qualitative; strengths are hypotheses, not measurements<\/dd><dt>Domain of validity<\/dt><dd>national scale; not for province or asset-level use<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>strength table and sources published in this edition<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">20<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">couplings<\/span><p>typed in v0<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">strong<\/span><p>documented within one season<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">moderate<\/span><p>documented, buffered<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">weak<\/span><p>plausible, undocumented<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>framing the 2027 agenda; choosing which couplings to measure first; explaining the coupled reading of risk in China.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOT SUITABLE FOR<\/p><p>quantitative loss estimates, operational decisions, provincial comparisons or any claim about a specific asset.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">VERSIONING<\/p><p>Models are immutable by version. A change to any coupling, rule or weight produces v0.2 with its own card and correction note.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.3<\/span><span>The baseline evidence cut<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Every Nexus edition is published from a frozen evidence cut. The baseline cut is documentary: it pins the exact edition of every source cited. Model runs begin with the first Foundry cut in Q1 2027.<\/p><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Cut ID<\/dt><dd>NQ-CHN-2026-Q0-1<\/dd><dt>Type<\/dt><dd>baseline documentary cut<\/dd><dt>Resolution policy<\/dt><dd>pinned \u00b7 as of 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Sources pinned<\/dt><dd>46 cited sources, each at the edition and retrieval date in the references<\/dd><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>none at baseline, analytical values are stated with their method<\/dd><dt>Digest<\/dt><dd>computed at <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h5\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.thermal.hard-freeze\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Thermal extremes\" data-td=\"Air temperature falling well below freezing for hours, killing crops, bursting pipes and stopping water flow.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H5\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">freeze<\/a> and recorded in the publication record<\/dd><dt>Supersedes<\/dt><dd>nothing, first cut of the series<\/dd><dt>Superseded by<\/dt><dd>NQ-CHN-2027-Q1-1 at the Q1 2027 close<\/dd><\/dl><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Lineage<\/h3><ol class=\"nrp-rows\"><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">01<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">source edition<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">02<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">pinned citation<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">03<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">finding<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">04<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">page<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"nrp-rows-i\">05<\/span><p class=\"nrp-rows-x\">publication record<\/p><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">From the baseline cut to the first Foundry cut<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Element<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline 2026<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Q1 2027<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Sources<\/td><td>cited publications, pinned by edition<\/td><td>qualified source bindings with versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Analysis<\/td><td>stated methods and editorial estimates<\/td><td>typed analysis specifications<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Models<\/td><td>National Model v0 specification<\/td><td>model runs with receipts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Findings<\/td><td>twelve baseline findings<\/td><td>findings re-bound to the cut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Review<\/td><td>five passes scheduled<\/td><td>five passes on the exact digest<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.4<\/span><span>Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">A 2026 edition rests on evidence observed in many different years. This page shows each time base, so that no single year label hides older evidence.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Evidence age and coverage<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Observed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Released<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Next release<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Temperature and hot days<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Feb 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>Feb 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population and age<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Feb 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>Feb 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Grain output<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>Feb 2026<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>Feb 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity generation mix<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>not recorded<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GHG emissions (EDGAR)<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>not recorded<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water per person and use<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>not recorded<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protected areas<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>not recorded<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>annual<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Henan flood toll<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>Jan 2022<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>per event<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Coverage by system at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Thinnest dimension<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Climate forcing<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>provincial heat and rain records<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Seismic hazard<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>building condition by province<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><td>fuel stock depth and grid resilience<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><td>import concentration by commodity<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>heat deaths and illness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>national water use by basin<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>condition outside protected areas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Digital<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><td>dependency mapping<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.5<\/span><span>Evidence cards, two anchor sources<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the National Bureau of Statistics. Annual, calendar-year basis, released 28 February 2026. Role: binds the population, grain, energy and disaster-loss figures.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-CHN-001<\/h3><p>Statistical communique 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-ca-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Issued by the National Climate Center of the China Meteorological Administration, February 2026. Annual. Role: binds CLI-001, CLI-002 and FIN-003, labelled as reported by the issuer.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EVD-CHN-002<\/h3><p>China Climate Bulletin 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-ca-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/article><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Quality dimensions at baseline<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Dimension<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-CHN-001<\/th><th scope=\"col\">EVD-CHN-002<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Completeness<\/td><td>national totals; provincial detail not read<\/td><td>national climate and disaster summary<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Timeliness<\/td><td>about two months after the year<\/td><td>about six weeks after the year<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Revision<\/td><td>annual back-revision<\/td><td>annual new edition<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Method transparency<\/td><td>definitions in notes<\/td><td>data and method section<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>External validation<\/td><td>not assessed here<\/td><td>not assessed here<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Evidence cards to follow in Q1 2027<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-list\"><li>Ministry of Water Resources bulletin<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-ca-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 retrieval blocked<\/li><li>Ministry of Emergency Management annual release<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-ca-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 not retrieved<\/li><li>National Health Commission bulletin<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-ca-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 not retrieved<\/li><li>National Financial Regulatory Administration insurance data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-ca-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup> \u00b7 not retrieved<\/li><\/ul><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.6<\/span><span>Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Editorial self-check at evidence close. Every applicable item carries a disposition; the remaining items are review, approval and deposit.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-tab8\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.8<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Publication acceptance record<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Group<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Area<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Items<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pass<\/th><th scope=\"col\">N\/A<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Pending<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>D1<\/td><td>Identity and scope<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D2<\/td><td>Source and data<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D3<\/td><td>Analysis and models<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>3<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D4<\/td><td>Findings and claims<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D5<\/td><td>Figures, tables, maps<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D6<\/td><td>Editorial and citations<\/td><td>10<\/td><td>8<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D7<\/td><td>Review and approval<\/td><td>13<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>13<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D8<\/td><td>Artefact and design<\/td><td>12<\/td><td>7<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D9<\/td><td>Registry and release<\/td><td>9<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>0<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication gate<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Conditions met<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close<\/dd><dt>Blocking problems<\/dt><dd>none recorded<\/dd><dt>Open conditions<\/dt><dd>reviews, approval of the exact digest, deposit, registry pointer<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Not applicable at baseline<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Model runs<\/dt><dd>first runs in Q1 2027<\/dd><dt>Maps<\/dt><dd>plates in Q2 2027<\/dd><dt>Waivers<\/dt><dd>none<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Dispositions are recorded item by item in the machine-readable checklist. A FAIL on any item blocks release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.7<\/span><span>Status words<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-tab9\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.9<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">The status every value carries<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it means<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"positive\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Observed<\/span><\/td><td>Measured directly and published by the source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td>Published statistics of an official or institutional source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Declared<\/span><\/td><td>Stated by the body concerned; not independently measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td>A Nexus estimate from cited evidence, with its method in Annex A.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Modelled<\/span><\/td><td>Produced by a stated model from cited inputs.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Inferred<\/span><\/td><td>Reasoned from cited evidence; not measured.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Forecast<\/span><\/td><td>A projection by the cited source.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Simulated<\/span><\/td><td>A simulation result under stated assumptions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Scenario<\/span><\/td><td>A conditional statement under stated assumptions; never a prediction.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Expert input<\/span><\/td><td>Expert judgement, recorded with its basis.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"caution\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Candidate<\/span><\/td><td>Proposed for a later edition; not yet evidence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Evidence-quality levels (EQL 1 to 5) grade the source behind a value; they are not a score of the subject.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s8\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s8-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s8-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.8<\/span><span>How the edition is made, released and corrected<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nx-p\">Every edition is built from a sealed evidence cut, reviewed under three keys, signed and deposited before any site shows it as published; corrections go to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> as change proposals and feed the next cut.<\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">01 Evidence arrives from the pillars<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Foundry seals observations and indicator series, Universe hands over after-action and scenario findings, and contributions are screened at every gateway, including this site&#8217;s.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">02 The cut is sealed<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">On the cut date the evidence is pinned under one identifier, so anyone can rebuild the edition from exactly what it was built on.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">03 The edition is assembled<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The edition is drafted from its template and content pack. Agents may draft; they never publish and never decide.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">04 The keys turn<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">At the publisher of record the truth key comes first: every value is checked against its source or stated method before the meaning and capital keys turn. No edition moves on until every key has been turned by a named steward.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">05 The gate opens<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">A named approver releases one exact digest of the edition; any change after this point is a new version, never a silent edit.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">06 Signed and deposited<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">The PDF, the web edition and the data bundle are signed together with a manifest and an RO-Crate description, and deposited on Zenodo with a concept and a version DOI.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">07 Published on its desk&#8217;s site<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Only then does the edition show as published on its desk&#8217;s Reports site, and the Collection lists it as a part.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Step\">08 Corrections go to Standards<\/td><td data-label=\"What happens\">Method and correction findings go to Nexus Standards as change proposals; citations, corrections and new contributions feed the next evidence cut.<\/td><td data-label=\"Source\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-2\">A teaching model of the process, not a forecast and not a record of any run; dates and counts on this page come from the programme record. Sources: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/governance\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Reports governance at GCRI Canada<\/a> (2026); Zenodo, repository of record for Reports deposits (2026).<\/p><p class=\"nrp-note\">Lifecycle, one state at a time: Draft, Computed, Evidence bound, Reviewed, Approved for release, Published, Corrected, Superseded. This edition is a draft.<\/p><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s9\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s9-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s9-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.9<\/span><span>Glossary and abbreviations<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-tab10\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.10<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Series terms<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Term<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Baseline Edition<\/td><td>the inaugural annual edition that fixes the reference state for the series<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>WEFH+B<\/td><td>water, energy, food, health and biodiversity, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/governance-in-operation\/national-nexus\" data-tc=\"National Nexus\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The national model: the NNC, the NLC and the NWG as its three participation pillars, with the National Desk, Model and Portfolio and the NSC as the standards function of the NNC (OR-13)\">national nexus<\/a> core<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coupling<\/td><td>a typed dependency through which one system transmits to another<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-gap\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The difference between total economic losses from hazards and the share covered by insurance or other pre-arranged protection, leaving households, firms and governments to absorb the rest.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tg=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/glossary\/protection-gap\/\" data-tgl=\"Global Risks Alliance glossary\">Protection gap<\/a><\/td><td>the share of losses not covered by insurance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Capability ladder<\/td><td>LISTED \u2192 EXISTS \u2192 ADEQUATE \u2192 TESTED \u2192 DEMONSTRATED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EQL<\/td><td>evidence-quality level, 1\u20135<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence cut<\/td><td>a frozen resolution of exact sources and versions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NNC \u00b7 NLC \u00b7 NWG<\/td><td>National Nexus Consortium \u00b7 National Leadership Council \u00b7 National Working Groups<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-tab11\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Abbreviations used in this edition<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Abbreviation<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Expansion<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>CAT<\/td><td>Climate Action Tracker<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CMA<\/td><td>China Meteorological Administration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EDGAR<\/td><td>Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FAO<\/td><td>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GACC<\/td><td>General Administration of Customs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>GIEWS<\/td><td>Global Information and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 early-warning-system\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"An integrated system of risk knowledge, monitoring and forecasting, warning dissemination and preparedness that enables timely action ahead of hazards.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Early Warning System<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MEE<\/td><td>Ministry of Ecology and Environment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MEM<\/td><td>Ministry of Emergency Management<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MWR<\/td><td>Ministry of Water Resources<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NBS<\/td><td>National Bureau of Statistics<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NDC<\/td><td>nationally determined contribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NEA<\/td><td>National Energy Administration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NFGA<\/td><td>National Forestry and Grassland Administration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NFRA<\/td><td>National Financial Regulatory Administration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>NHC<\/td><td>National Health Commission<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UNEP-WCMC<\/td><td>UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s10\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s10-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-s10-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">A.10<\/span><span>Technical annex<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-tab12\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table A.12<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Technical annex<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Item<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Annex<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Contents<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Status<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>A.1<\/td><td>Indicator definitions<\/td><td>the baseline indicator set, with units and sources<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.2<\/td><td>Coupling strengths<\/td><td>the twenty-cell matrix and its rationale<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.3<\/td><td>Scenario specification<\/td><td>SCN-CHN-FLD-01 assumptions and signposts<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.4<\/td><td>Capability placements<\/td><td>rung evidence for fifteen functions<\/td><td>IN THIS EDITION<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.5<\/td><td>Model diagnostics<\/td><td>first runs and validation<\/td><td>Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.6<\/td><td>Sensitivity analyses<\/td><td>influence of coupling strengths<\/td><td>Q2 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.7<\/td><td>Provincial notes<\/td><td>atlas cards for every province<\/td><td>Q2 2027<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A.8<\/td><td>Review statements<\/td><td>pass-by-pass review record<\/td><td>AT RELEASE<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">A.1 \u00b7 indicator definition, wind and solar capacity against the 2035 aim<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Construct<\/dt><dd>installed wind capacity plus installed solar capacity, divided by the stated 2035 level<\/dd><dt>Unit<\/dt><dd>GW and percent<\/dd><dt>Scope<\/dt><dd>calendar year, mainland statistics<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>NBS communique<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-ca-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup>; 2035 contribution<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-ca-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Revision<\/dt><dd>revised when the statistical yearbook is published<\/dd><dt>Known limits<\/dt><dd>the aim is a level to strive for; the sum is Nexus arithmetic<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Annexes carry the same evidence, review and correction rules as the chapters and are versioned with the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Statistical Communiqu\u00e9 of the People\u2019s Republic of China on the 2025 National Economic and Social Development. NBS, Beijing, 28 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-ca-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration (ed.), China Climate Bulletin (2025). CMA, Beijing, 12 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-ca-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Ministry of Water Resources of China (ed.), China Water Resources Bulletin. MWR, Beijing, retrieval blocked 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-ca-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Ministry of Emergency Management of China (ed.), national natural disaster releases (\u5168\u56fd\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u60c5\u51b5), monthly and annual. MEM, Beijing, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-ca-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>National Health Commission of China (ed.), Statistical Bulletin on the Development of Health Care. NHC, Beijing, not retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-ca-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>National Financial Regulatory Administration of China (ed.), insurance industry statistics. NFRA, Beijing, not retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-ca-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ca-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Government of China (ed.), China\u2019s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution. Submission to the UNFCCC, Beijing, November 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-ca-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-part-data\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/\">China 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex B<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">Data appendix<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">The indicator set with its sources, the source registers, the licences of every kind of material and the formats of the edition.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>9 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>7 tables<\/span><span>21 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.1<\/span><span>The indicator set<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Baseline indicator set<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Indicator<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Value<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Unit<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Year<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>GHG emissions excl. land use<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">15,536<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n9\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Change since 2023<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">+0.8<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"neutral\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Estimated<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coal share of electricity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">54.8<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n4\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wind and solar share of electricity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">21.9<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity generation<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">10,506<\/span><\/td><td>TWh<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Coal share of energy consumption<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">51.4<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n1\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wind capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">640.01<\/span><\/td><td>GW<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Solar capacity<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1,201.73<\/span><\/td><td>GW<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mean temperature<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">10.9<\/span><\/td><td>\u00b0C<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n3\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Average hot days<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">16.5<\/span><\/td><td>days<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Meteorological disasters, dead or missing<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">628<\/span><\/td><td>people<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Meteorological disasters, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 direct-loss\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The value of physical damage to assets and the immediate harm to people caused by the event.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">direct loss<\/a><\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">231.78<\/span><\/td><td>billion yuan<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Grain output<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">714.88<\/span><\/td><td>million t<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1,404.89<\/span><\/td><td>million<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Aged 65 or over<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">15.9<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Renewable freshwater per person<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">1,992<\/span><\/td><td>m\u00b3<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n8\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protected land<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">15.6<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n7\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protected territorial waters<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">4.8<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-st\"><span class=\"nf-ui-dot\" data-tone=\"info\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Reported<\/span><\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Net emissions with land use, latest year<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>Mt CO\u2082e<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n18\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Note 18\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>National water use by basin<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>billion m\u00b3<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n17\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-r17\" aria-label=\"Note 17\">17<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Soybean imports<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>million t<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n20\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Note 20\">20<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Heat deaths and illness<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>cases<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n21\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Note 21\">21<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Insured share of disaster losses<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">Not bound<\/span><\/td><td>%<\/td><td>n\/a<\/td><td>NOT BOUND<\/td><td><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n23\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-r23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-actions nrp-noprint\"><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:text\/csv;charset=utf-8,Indicator%2CValue%2CUnit%2CYear%2CState%2CSource%0AGHG%20emissions%20excl.%20land%20use%2C%2215%2C536%22%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2C2024%2CREPORTED%2C%5B9%5D%0AChange%20since%202023%2C%2B0.8%2C%25%2C2024%2CESTIMATED%2C%5B9%5D%0ACoal%20share%20of%20electricity%2C54.8%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B4%5D%0AWind%20and%20solar%20share%20of%20electricity%2C21.9%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B4%5D%0AElectricity%20generation%2C%2210%2C506%22%2CTWh%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B4%5D%0ACoal%20share%20of%20energy%20consumption%2C51.4%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0AWind%20capacity%2C640.01%2CGW%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0ASolar%20capacity%2C%221%2C201.73%22%2CGW%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0AMean%20temperature%2C10.9%2C%C2%B0C%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B3%5D%0AAverage%20hot%20days%2C16.5%2Cdays%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B3%5D%0A%22Meteorological%20disasters%2C%20dead%20or%20missing%22%2C628%2Cpeople%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B3%5D%0A%22Meteorological%20disasters%2C%20direct%20loss%22%2C231.78%2Cbillion%20yuan%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B3%5D%0AGrain%20output%2C714.88%2Cmillion%20t%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0APopulation%2C%221%2C404.89%22%2Cmillion%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0AAged%2065%20or%20over%2C15.9%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B1%5D%0ARenewable%20freshwater%20per%20person%2C%221%2C992%22%2Cm%C2%B3%2C2022%2CREPORTED%2C%5B8%5D%0AProtected%20land%2C15.6%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B7%5D%0AProtected%20territorial%20waters%2C4.8%2C%25%2C2025%2CREPORTED%2C%5B7%5D%0A%22Net%20emissions%20with%20land%20use%2C%20latest%20year%22%2CNot%20bound%2CMt%20CO%E2%82%82e%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B18%5D%0ANational%20water%20use%20by%20basin%2CNot%20bound%2Cbillion%20m%C2%B3%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B17%5D%0ASoybean%20imports%2CNot%20bound%2Cmillion%20t%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B20%5D%0AHeat%20deaths%20and%20illness%2CNot%20bound%2Ccases%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B21%5D%0AInsured%20share%20of%20disaster%20losses%2CNot%20bound%2C%25%2Cn%2Fa%2CNOT%20BOUND%2C%5B23%5D%0A\" download=\"NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-indicators.csv\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, CSV<\/a><a class=\"nf-ui-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"data:application\/json;charset=utf-8,%7B%0A%20%22edition%22%3A%20%22NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE%22%2C%0A%20%22title%22%3A%20%22China%20Systems%20Risk%20and%20Resilience%20Report%202026%3A%20The%20State%20of%20China%E2%80%99s%20Interdependent%20Systems%22%2C%0A%20%22status%22%3A%20%22Draft%20under%20stewardship%20review%3B%20not%20yet%20released%22%2C%0A%20%22licence%22%3A%20%22CC-BY-4.0%20for%20the%20edition%20table%3B%20each%20value%20keeps%20its%20source's%20licence%22%2C%0A%20%22columns%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%22Indicator%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Value%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Unit%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Year%22%2C%0A%20%20%22State%22%2C%0A%20%20%22Source%22%0A%20%5D%2C%0A%20%22rows%22%3A%20%5B%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22GHG%20emissions%20excl.%20land%20use%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2215%2C536%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B9%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Change%20since%202023%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%2B0.8%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222024%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22ESTIMATED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B9%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Coal%20share%20of%20electricity%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2254.8%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B4%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Wind%20and%20solar%20share%20of%20electricity%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2221.9%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B4%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Electricity%20generation%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2210%2C506%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22TWh%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B4%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Coal%20share%20of%20energy%20consumption%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2251.4%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Wind%20capacity%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22640.01%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22GW%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Solar%20capacity%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%2C201.73%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22GW%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Mean%20temperature%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2210.9%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%C2%B0C%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B3%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Average%20hot%20days%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2216.5%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22days%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B3%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Meteorological%20disasters%2C%20dead%20or%20missing%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22628%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22people%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B3%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Meteorological%20disasters%2C%20direct%20loss%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22231.78%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22billion%20yuan%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B3%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Grain%20output%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22714.88%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%20t%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Population%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%2C404.89%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Aged%2065%20or%20over%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2215.9%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B1%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Renewable%20freshwater%20per%20person%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%221%2C992%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22m%C2%B3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222022%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B8%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Protected%20land%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%2215.6%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B7%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Protected%20territorial%20waters%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%224.8%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%222025%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22REPORTED%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B7%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Net%20emissions%20with%20land%20use%2C%20latest%20year%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Mt%20CO%E2%82%82e%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B18%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22National%20water%20use%20by%20basin%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22billion%20m%C2%B3%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B17%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Soybean%20imports%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22million%20t%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B20%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Heat%20deaths%20and%20illness%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22cases%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B21%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%2C%0A%20%20%5B%0A%20%20%20%22Insured%20share%20of%20disaster%20losses%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22Not%20bound%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%25%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22n%2Fa%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22NOT%20BOUND%22%2C%0A%20%20%20%22%5B23%5D%22%0A%20%20%5D%0A%20%5D%0A%7D\" download=\"NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-indicators.json\"><svg class=\"nrp-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 15V3\"\/><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><\/svg>Indicators, JSON<\/a><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOTES<\/p><p>Values are for the calendar year shown. The population change is reported in the same communique. Estimated values are Nexus arithmetic on cited numbers, with the method in the technical layer. A machine-readable copy of this table is published with the evidence bundle at release.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.2<\/span><span>National source register<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The governed source set behind this edition. Each source keeps its authority, coverage, cadence and role; categories describe origin, not truth.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Domains bound by the register<\/h3><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">WAT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">ENE<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FOO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">HLT<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">BIO<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">CLI<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">INF<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">FIN<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">TRD<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">MIN<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-tab3\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.3<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">National source register<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Source<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Category<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Period<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Cadence<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Statistical communique 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national statistics<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>FOO \u00b7 ENE \u00b7 HLT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Population sample survey<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Note 2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national statistics<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>Nov 2025<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>HLT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Climate bulletin<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>national technical authority<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Electricity data<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>independent data provider<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>ENE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>World Bank indicators<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n5\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Note 5\">5<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n6\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Note 6\">6<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n7\" aria-label=\"Note 7\">7<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n8\" aria-label=\"Note 8\">8<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n10\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Note 10\">10<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>international organisation<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2022 to 2025<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>profile \u00b7 WAT \u00b7 BIO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EDGAR emissions<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n9\" aria-label=\"Note 9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>European Commission JRC<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2024<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>CLI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FAO crop brief<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n11\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Note 11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>UN agency<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2026<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>FOO<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2035 contribution<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n12\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Note 12\">12<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n13\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Note 13\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>government submission<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>periodic<\/td><td>CLI \u00b7 ENE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Henan investigation<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n14\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>government<\/td><td>regional<\/td><td>2021 to 2022<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>WAT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dingri <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> report<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n15\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>press agency report<\/td><td>regional<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>per event<\/td><td>SEI<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ministry series<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n16\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Note 16\">16<\/a><\/sup> to<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n23\" aria-label=\"Note 23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/td><td>ministries and regulators<\/td><td>national<\/td><td>not retrieved<\/td><td>annual<\/td><td>gaps<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">FIXTURE PROHIBITION<\/p><p>No demonstration or reference-cartographic fixture is used as evidence in this edition. The publication gate checks every binding against this register.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.3<\/span><span>Regional reading, China by province<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Map plates for every province follow in Q2 2027, when boundary sources and public-safe resolutions are bound. This page gives the regional reading in table form.<\/p><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Selected regional figures<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/h3><div class=\"pp-cells nrp-cells-3\"><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">31<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">of 31<\/span><p>provincial-level units warmer than normal, 2025<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">11<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">units<\/span><p>with record annual temperature, 2025<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">380<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">of 398<\/span><p>Henan flood deaths and missing in Zhengzhou, 2021<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nrp-cell\"><span class=\"pp-metric\">418<\/span><span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">incidents<\/span><p>river dangers reported in Zhengzhou, 2021<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-tab4\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.4<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Regional reading, China by province<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Region<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Principal hazards<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Systems most exposed<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline evidence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>North China<\/td><td>heavy rain and river floods; record rainy season in 2025<\/td><td>water, food, power<\/td><td>Haihe basin 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Northeast China<\/td><td>summer downpours with record totals in places<\/td><td>grain<\/td><td>summer 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Middle and lower Yangtze<\/td><td>record annual temperature; rainfall below normal in 2025<\/td><td>power, water, health<\/td><td>summer 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>South China<\/td><td>typhoons; autumn typhoons frequent in 2025<\/td><td>ports, coastal cities<\/td><td><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h2\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.cyclone.tropical-cyclone\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Cyclonic storm systems\" data-td=\"A warm-core rotating storm over tropical oceans whose winds, rain and surge threaten coasts and inland river basins.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H2\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">typhoon<\/a> season 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Southwest China<\/td><td>earthquakes and landslides on the plateau and its edge<\/td><td>roads, settlements<\/td><td>Dingri 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n15\" aria-label=\"Note 15\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Northwest China<\/td><td>dust processes in spring; arid basins<\/td><td>water, agriculture<\/td><td>spring 2025<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>Regional readings summarise the cited evidence. They are not risk ratings of any province.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.4<\/span><span>Atlas card, Henan Province<\/span><\/h2><ul class=\"nrp-chips\"><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">province<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">central plain<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">dense population<\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-chip\">river floods<\/li><\/ul><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Systems in view<\/dt><dd>roads, underground transport, rivers, reservoirs, health<\/dd><dt>Defining event<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h4\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 atmo.precipitation.heavy-rain\" data-tk=\"Atmosphere and weather \u00b7 Precipitation extremes\" data-td=\"Rain falling fast or long enough to overwhelm drainage, soils and streams and to trigger floods and slope failures.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H4\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/atmo\/\" data-txl=\"Atmosphere and weather\">extreme rain<\/a> of 17 to 23 July 2021 with 398 dead or missing and 14.786 million affected<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Couplings<\/dt><dd>CLI \u2192 WAT \u2192 INF; INF \u2192 HLT<\/dd><dt>Capability evidence<\/dt><dd>red rainstorm warnings issued; response gaps documented<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n14\" aria-label=\"Note 14\">14<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Gaps<\/dt><dd>restoration times; reservoir and levee condition; recovery<\/dd><dt>Agenda items<\/dt><dd>A-01 \u00b7 A-05<\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The Zhengzhou national station recorded 201.9 mm between 16:00 and 17:00 on 20 July 2021, and 624.1 mm in the day [14].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">RAIN<\/h3><p>One hour, 201.9 mm<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">The investigation counts 14 deaths in a metro train, with 953 people evacuated, and 6 deaths in a road tunnel [14].<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">TRANSPORT<\/h3><p>Underground and tunnel deaths<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NOT BOUND. Source: Henan provincial utility restoration records. Blocker: not retrieved by evidence close.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">LIFELINES<\/h3><p>Restoration of water and power<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">evidence<\/p><p>Atlas cards are generated for every province from Q2 2027 with consistent fields and evidence-age labels. Henan is shown first because it holds the leading compound pathway.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.5<\/span><span>China system card<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">The card through which China appears in the East Asia regional edition and the global series. It summarises; it does not rank.<\/p><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-tab5\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.5<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">China system card<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">System<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Baseline state<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coupling to watch<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Coverage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Water<\/td><td>about 1,990 m\u00b3 per person; floods<\/td><td>flood into lifelines<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Energy<\/td><td>coal 54.8%; wind and solar 21.9%<\/td><td>peak demand<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Food<\/td><td>grain 714.88 million t<\/td><td>weather and import shocks<\/td><td>GOOD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Health<\/td><td>ageing; heat<\/td><td>heat and disaster load<\/td><td>PARTIAL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Biodiversity<\/td><td>protected land 15.6%<\/td><td>condition not bound<\/td><td>THIN<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Context<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Archetype<\/dt><dd>Nexus reading: populous, coal-led, ageing economy with a very wide climatic range<\/dd><dt>Population<\/dt><dd>1,404.89 million (2025)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n1\" aria-label=\"Note 1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Energy<\/dt><dd>coal 54.8% of electricity (2025)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n4\" aria-label=\"Note 4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><dt>Hazard<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 direct-loss\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The value of physical damage to assets and the immediate harm to people caused by the event.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">direct loss<\/a> 231.78 billion yuan from meteorological disasters (2025)<sup class=\"nrp-fn\"><a href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-n3\" aria-label=\"Note 3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/dd><\/dl><div class=\"nrp-cards\"><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">China\u2019s card sits beside its neighbours\u2019; shared basins, grids, corridors and supply chains are read as one regional system.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">EAST ASIA REGIONAL EDITION<\/h3><p>One regional system<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Chinese evidence enters the water, energy, food, finance and climate sector reports through the same finding identifiers, so a correction travels everywhere at once.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL SECTOR SERIES<\/h3><p>Same findings, same IDs<\/p><\/article><article class=\"nf-ui-card nrp-card\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">In the global edition China is read against peer distributions and thresholds, never placed in a league table.<\/p><h3 class=\"nf-ui-title\" data-level=\"card\">GLOBAL FLAGSHIP<\/h3><p>Peers, not ranks<\/p><\/article><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">boundary<\/p><p>External rankings, where cited, keep their own method and source. Nexus never converts them into a rating, and China\u2019s national ownership of its edition is unaffected.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-s6\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-s6-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-s6-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.6<\/span><span>Licences<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-tab6\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.6<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Licences of each kind of material<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Material<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Licence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Text<\/td><td>CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Data<\/td><td>on the licence of each source; Nexus tables CC BY 4.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td>Nexus figures CC BY 4.0; third-party as credited<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maps<\/td><td>boundary source and licence printed on each plate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Metadata<\/td><td>CC0 1.0, as Zenodo publishes it<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Third-party data, figures and text<\/td><td>The source&#8217;s own licence, credited where it is used; never relicensed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><tfoot><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Nexus-authored text, tables and figures: CC BY 4.0 (SPDX CC-BY-4.0). Map plates print their boundary source and licence.<\/td><\/tr><\/tfoot><\/table><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-s7\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-s7-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-s7-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">B.7<\/span><span>Formats and provenance<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-tab7\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table B.7<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">This edition in every format<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Format<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Kind<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it is<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Identifier<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Web edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>Draft in stewardship review; every value resolves to its source.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Print edition<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF, signed with the web edition at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indicator data<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">CSV \u00b7 JSON<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>23 indicators with unit, year, status and source; the machine-readable copy ships with the evidence bundle at release.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE data release v1<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Figures<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">SVG \u00b7 PNG<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"here\">On this site<\/span><\/td><td>4 on the web edition: headline figure, figure 1.3, coupling instrument, capability ladder.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">FIG-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-*<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slides<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No slide deck is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Evidence brief<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">HTML \u00b7 PDF<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"none\">Not recorded<\/span><\/td><td>No evidence brief is recorded for this edition.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dataset with DOI<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\">DataCite<\/span><\/td><td><span class=\"nx-nr-out-s\" data-state=\"release\">At release<\/span><\/td><td>Concept and version DOI are minted at deposit; none is recorded yet.<\/td><td><span class=\"nrp-mono\"><\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Provenance<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Edition pack<\/dt><dd>The edition&#8217;s content pack (JSON), from which the print and web editions are built<\/dd><dt>Evidence cut<\/dt><dd>NQ-CHN-2026-Q0-1, closed 30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Reproducibility<\/dt><dd>sourced values cited; analytical values reproducible from stated parameters<\/dd><dt>Self-check<\/dt><dd>14 of 23 at evidence close; a fail on any item blocks release<\/dd><dt>Review<\/dt><dd>five passes scheduled before release (in Annex C)<\/dd><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>GCRI for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Corrections<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version<\/dd><\/dl><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-notes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-notes-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-notes-h\"><span>Notes<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-note\">Numbers are the edition&#8217;s reference numbers, so a note reads the same in every chapter. The full list, with every source and its licence, is in Annex C. <a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/references\/\">Annex C, references<\/a><\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-n9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), from the EDGAR Community GHG Database, Joint Research Centre, European Commission. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-r9\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 9\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-n4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Yearly Electricity Data: China, generation, capacity and emissions intensity. Ember, London, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-r4\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 4\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-n1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Statistical Communiqu\u00e9 of the People\u2019s Republic of China on the 2025 National Economic and Social Development. NBS, Beijing, 28 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-r1\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 1\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-n3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration (ed.), China Climate Bulletin (2025). CMA, Beijing, 12 February 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-r3\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 3\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-n8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita (ER.H2O.INTR.PC) and Annual freshwater withdrawals by sector (ER.H2O.FWAG.ZS, FWDM, FWIN), from FAO AQUASTAT. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2022.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-r8\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 8\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-n7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Terrestrial protected areas (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS), Marine protected areas (ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS), from UNEP-WCMC and IUCN, and Forest area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), from FAO. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation years 2025 and 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-r7\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 7\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-n18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China (ed.), national greenhouse gas inventory submitted to the UNFCCC (latest biennial report). MEE, Beijing, not opened 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-r18\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 18\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-n17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Ministry of Water Resources of China (ed.), China Water Resources Bulletin. MWR, Beijing, retrieval blocked 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-r17\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 17\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-n20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>General Administration of Customs of China (ed.), import and export statistics for soybeans and feed. GACC, Beijing, not retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-r20\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 20\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-n21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>National Health Commission of China (ed.), Statistical Bulletin on the Development of Health Care. NHC, Beijing, not retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-r21\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 21\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-n23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>National Financial Regulatory Administration of China (ed.), insurance industry statistics. NFRA, Beijing, not retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-r23\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 23\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-n2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Communiqu\u00e9 of the 1% National Population Sample Survey in 2025. NBS, Beijing, 22 May 2026. Observation date 1 November 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-r2\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 2\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-n5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL) and Population ages 65 and above (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), from UN DESA World Population Prospects. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-r5\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 5\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-n6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Life expectancy at birth (SP.DYN.LE00.IN) and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 mortality-rate\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The number of deaths in a population over a period relative to its size.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Mortality rate<\/a>, infant (SP.DYN.IMRT.IN), from UN DESA World Population Prospects. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2024.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-r6\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 6\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-n10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Energy imports, net (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS), Food imports (TM.VAL.FOOD.ZS.UN) and PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3). World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation years 2024, 2025 and 2023.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-r10\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 10\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-n11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: China. FAO, Rome, reference date 29 January 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-r11\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 11\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-n12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Government of China (ed.), China\u2019s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution. Submission to the UNFCCC, Beijing, November 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-r12\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 12\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-n13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), China: 2035 NDC assessment. Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-r13\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 13\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-n14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Disaster Investigation Team of the State Council (ed.), Investigation Report on the \u201c7\u00b720\u201d Extraordinarily Heavy Rainstorm Disaster in Zhengzhou, Henan. Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing, January 2022. Observation year 2021.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-r14\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 14\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-n15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Science and Technology Daily (ed.), \u201cDingri County <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> has killed 126 people and injured 188 (\u897f\u85cf\u5b9a\u65e5\u53bf\u5730\u9707\u5df2\u81f4126\u4eba\u9047\u96be\u3001188\u4eba\u53d7\u4f24).\u201d Beijing, 7 January 2025. Observation year 2025.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-r15\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 15\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cb-n16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Ministry of Emergency Management of China (ed.), national natural disaster releases (\u5168\u56fd\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u60c5\u51b5), monthly and annual. MEM, Beijing, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available.<a class=\"nrp-notes-back\" href=\"#nx-nrp-chn-cb-r16\" aria-label=\"Back to the first call of note 16\">back<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><\/div><div class=\"nrp-part\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-part-references\"><header class=\"nrp-chap-head\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cc-top\"><ul class=\"nrp-eyerow\"><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/\">China 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Annex C<\/li><\/ul><span class=\"nrp-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h2 class=\"pp-hero-title\">References and record<\/h2><p class=\"nrp-lede\">Every source the edition rests on, the publication record, the corrections log and the open record.<\/p><p class=\"nrp-chap-meta\"><span>12 min read<\/span><span>0 figures<\/span><span>1 table<\/span><span>0 notes<\/span><span>NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE<\/span><\/p><\/header><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cc-s1\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-cc-s1-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cc-s1-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.1<\/span><span>46 sources<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">NR-CIT-1, editor first. A DOI is linked where the source has one; Nexus records carry a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> once the catalogue allocates it (NS-1).<\/p><ol class=\"nrp-notes\"><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-1\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">1<\/span><span>National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Statistical Communiqu\u00e9 of the People\u2019s Republic of China on the 2025 National Economic and Social Development. NBS, Beijing, 28 February 2026. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-2\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">2<\/span><span>National Bureau of Statistics of China (ed.), Communiqu\u00e9 of the 1% National Population Sample Survey in 2025. NBS, Beijing, 22 May 2026. Observation date 1 November 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-3\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">3<\/span><span>National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration (ed.), China Climate Bulletin (2025). CMA, Beijing, 12 February 2026. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-4\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">4<\/span><span>Ember (ed.), Yearly Electricity Data: China, generation, capacity and emissions intensity. Ember, London, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-5\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">5<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Population, total (SP.POP.TOTL) and Population ages 65 and above (SP.POP.65UP.TO.ZS), from UN DESA World Population Prospects. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2025.<\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-6\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">6<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Life expectancy at birth (SP.DYN.LE00.IN) and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 mortality-rate\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The number of deaths in a population over a period relative to its size.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Mortality rate<\/a>, infant (SP.DYN.IMRT.IN), from UN DESA World Population Prospects. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-7\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">7<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Terrestrial protected areas (ER.LND.PTLD.ZS), Marine protected areas (ER.MRN.PTMR.ZS), from UNEP-WCMC and IUCN, and Forest area (AG.LND.FRST.ZS), from FAO. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation years 2025 and 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-8\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">8<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita (ER.H2O.INTR.PC) and Annual freshwater withdrawals by sector (ER.H2O.FWAG.ZS, FWDM, FWIN), from FAO AQUASTAT. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-9\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">9<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Total greenhouse gas emissions excluding LULUCF (EN.GHG.ALL.MT.CE.AR5), from the EDGAR Community GHG Database, Joint Research Centre, European Commission. World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-10\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">10<\/span><span>World Bank (ed.), World Development Indicators: Energy imports, net (EG.IMP.CONS.ZS), Food imports (TM.VAL.FOOD.ZS.UN) and PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (EN.ATM.PM25.MC.M3). World Bank, Washington DC, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation years 2024, 2025 and 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 4, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-11\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">11<\/span><span>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (ed.), GIEWS Country Brief: China. FAO, Rome, reference date 29 January 2026. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-12\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">12<\/span><span>Government of China (ed.), China\u2019s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution. Submission to the UNFCCC, Beijing, November 2025. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-13\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">13<\/span><span>Climate Action Tracker (ed.), China: 2035 NDC assessment. Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 2, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-14\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">14<\/span><span>Disaster Investigation Team of the State Council (ed.), Investigation Report on the \u201c7\u00b720\u201d Extraordinarily Heavy Rainstorm Disaster in Zhengzhou, Henan. Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing, January 2022. Observation year 2021. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 5, chapter 6, chapter 7, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-15\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">15<\/span><span>Science and Technology Daily (ed.), \u201cDingri County <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.seismic.earthquake\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Fault shaking and rupture\" data-td=\"Sudden slip on a fault releasing seismic waves that shake the ground and damage structures and lifelines.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H17\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/geo\/\" data-txl=\"Solid Earth\" data-ta=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/courses\/disaster-risk-reduction\/\" data-tal=\"Disaster Risk Reduction\">earthquake<\/a> has killed 126 people and injured 188 (\u897f\u85cf\u5b9a\u65e5\u53bf\u5730\u9707\u5df2\u81f4126\u4eba\u9047\u96be\u3001188\u4eba\u53d7\u4f24).\u201d Beijing, 7 January 2025. Observation year 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 1, chapter 2, chapter 4<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-16\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">16<\/span><span>Ministry of Emergency Management of China (ed.), national natural disaster releases (\u5168\u56fd\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u60c5\u51b5), monthly and annual. MEM, Beijing, retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-17\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">17<\/span><span>Ministry of Water Resources of China (ed.), China Water Resources Bulletin. MWR, Beijing, retrieval blocked 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-18\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">18<\/span><span>Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China (ed.), national greenhouse gas inventory submitted to the UNFCCC (latest biennial report). MEE, Beijing, not opened 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-19\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">19<\/span><span>National Energy Administration of China (ed.), power industry statistics. NEA, Beijing, not retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-20\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">20<\/span><span>General Administration of Customs of China (ed.), import and export statistics for soybeans and feed. GACC, Beijing, not retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-21\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">21<\/span><span>National Health Commission of China (ed.), Statistical Bulletin on the Development of Health Care. NHC, Beijing, not retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-22\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">22<\/span><span>National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China (ed.), national park and forest resource statistics. NFGA, Beijing, not retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-23\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">23<\/span><span>National Financial Regulatory Administration of China (ed.), insurance industry statistics. NFRA, Beijing, not retrieved 3 November 2026. Observation year latest available. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in the summary, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-24\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">24<\/span><span>Standing Committee of the National People\u2019s Congress (ed.), Energy Law of the People\u2019s Republic of China. Beijing, adopted November 2024, in force 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-25\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">25<\/span><span>Standing Committee of the National People\u2019s Congress (ed.), Food Security Law of the People\u2019s Republic of China. Beijing, adopted December 2023, in force 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-26\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">26<\/span><span>Standing Committee of the National People\u2019s Congress (ed.), Emergency Response Law of the People\u2019s Republic of China, revised 2025. Beijing, 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-27\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">27<\/span><span>Standing Committee of the National People\u2019s Congress (ed.), Yangtze River Protection Law of the People\u2019s Republic of China. Beijing, 2020, in force 2021. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-28\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">28<\/span><span>Standing Committee of the National People\u2019s Congress (ed.), Yellow River Protection Law of the People\u2019s Republic of China. Beijing, 2022, in force 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-29\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">29<\/span><span>Ministry of Ecology and Environment and partner departments (eds.), National <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a> Adaptation Strategy 2035. Beijing, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-30\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">30<\/span><span>State Council of China (ed.), Interim Regulations on Carbon Emissions Trading Management. Beijing, 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-31\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">31<\/span><span>S. Piao, P. Ciais, Y. Huang et al., \u201cThe impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in China,\u201d Nature, vol. 467, pp. 43\u201351, 2010. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-32\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">32<\/span><span>Y. Sun, X. Zhang, F. W. Zwiers et al., \u201cRapid increase in the risk of extreme summer heat in Eastern China,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 4, pp. 1082\u20131085, 2014. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 3, chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-33\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">33<\/span><span>Q. Zhao, Y. Guo, T. Ye et al., \u201cGlobal, regional, and national burden of mortality associated with non-optimal ambient temperatures from 2000 to 2019,\u201d The Lancet Planetary Health, vol. 5, pp. e415\u2013e425, 2021. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-34\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">34<\/span><span>Y. Shan, D. Guan, H. Zheng et al., \u201cChina CO2 emission accounts 1997\u20132015,\u201d Scientific Data, vol. 5, 170201, 2018. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-35\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">35<\/span><span>J. Liu, H. Yang, S. N. Gosling et al., \u201c<a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.supply-shortfall\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"Demand exceeding the water a system can deliver, so that rationing or cuts follow for homes, farms and industry.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\" data-tx=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\" data-txl=\"Water systems\">Water scarcity<\/a> assessments in the past, present, and future,\u201d Earth\u2019s Future, vol. 5, pp. 545\u2013559, 2017. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 4, chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-36\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">36<\/span><span>H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.), Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. IPCC, Geneva, 2023. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-37\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">37<\/span><span>UNDRR (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/sendai-framework-alignment\/\">Sendai Framework<\/a> for Disaster <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 risk-reduction\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Preventing new risk, reducing existing risk and managing residual risk, all contributing to resilience.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Risk Reduction<\/a> 2015\u20132030. UNDRR, Geneva, 2015. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-38\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">38<\/span><span>Convention on Biological Diversity (ed.), Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Decision 15\/4. CBD Secretariat, Montreal, 2022. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 2, chapter 6, chapter 8<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-39\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">39<\/span><span>UNFCCC (ed.), <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/paris-agreement-and-ndc-alignment\/\">Paris Agreement<\/a>. United Nations, Paris, 2015. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-40\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">40<\/span><span>International Energy Agency (ed.), Global Energy Review 2025. IEA, Paris, 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-41\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">41<\/span><span>P. D. McElwee, P. A. Harrison, T. L. van Huysen et al. (eds.), Thematic Assessment Report on the Interlinkages among Biodiversity, Water, Food and Health. IPBES secretariat, Bonn, 2024. doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054. <a class=\"nrp-doi\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.13850054\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5281\/zenodo.13850054<\/a> <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-42\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">42<\/span><span>J. Zscheischler, S. Westra, B. J. J. M. van den Hurk et al., \u201cFuture climate risk from compound events,\u201d Nature Climate Change, vol. 8, pp. 469\u2013477, 2018. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-43\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">43<\/span><span>World Health Organization (ed.), World Health Statistics 2025. WHO, Geneva, 2025. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-44\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">44<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Reports: The Foundational Edition, Volumes I and II. Reports series, Edition 2026\u20132030, V1.0. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-45\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">45<\/span><span>S. Valadbaygi (ed.), Global Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026: Baseline Edition. GCRI for the Nexus Consortium, Toronto, 2026. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><li id=\"nx-nrp-chn-ref-46\"><span class=\"nrp-notes-n\">46<\/span><span>United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (ed.), World Population Prospects 2024. United Nations, New York, 2024. Observation year 2024. <span class=\"nrp-cell-u\">Cited in chapter 6<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/section><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cc-s2\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-cc-s2-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cc-s2-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.2<\/span><span>Publication record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publication<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Title<\/dt><dd>China <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Risk &amp; Resilience Report 2026, Baseline Edition<\/dd><dt>Series<\/dt><dd>Reports \u00b7 Edition 2026\u20132030<\/dd><dt>Edition<\/dt><dd>Baseline Edition 2026 \u00b7 inaugural annual<\/dd><dt>Version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 \u00b7 draft for stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Evidence close<\/dt><dd>30 September 2026<\/dd><dt>Publication date<\/dt><dd>October 2026<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>concept and version DOI at deposit<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Publisher<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Publisher of record<\/dt><dd>The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI), for the Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Place<\/dt><dd>Toronto<\/dd><dt>Editor<\/dt><dd>Saeed Valadbaygi, Chief Steward and Managing Editor<\/dd><dt>Stewards<\/dt><dd>GCRI \u00b7 technical truth \u00b7 GRF \u00b7 public meaning \u00b7 GRA \u00b7 capital meaning<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd>text CC BY 4.0; data on the terms of each source<\/dd><dt>Copyright<\/dt><dd>\u00a9 2026 GCRI \u00b7 Nexus Consortium<\/dd><dt>Language<\/dt><dd>English (en-GB) source edition<\/dd><dt>Correspondence<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway \u00b7 editorial office<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">DISCLAIMER<\/p><p>This edition is published for research, planning and public understanding. It is not a government assessment, an official warning, a rating, a certification, investment advice or an operational authorisation. Reasonable care has been taken with every source; consult the cited originals before relying on any value.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Colophon<\/h3><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Format<\/dt><dd>A4 portrait \u00b7 screen, print and archival PDF<\/dd><dt>Typefaces<\/dt><dd>Space Grotesk (display) \u00b7 Geist (text) \u00b7 IBM Plex Sans Italic (standfirsts) \u00b7 IBM Plex Mono (data)<\/dd><dt>Design standard<\/dt><dd>Reports Foundational Edition, Volume I, Part VII<\/dd><dt>Accessibility<\/dt><dd>tagged PDF and HTML targets; text alternatives for every figure<\/dd><dt>Production<\/dt><dd>Reports editorial team, GCRI<\/dd><\/dl><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">HOW TO CORRECT THIS EDITION<\/p><p>Report errors, omissions or objections through the Registry correction pathway. Each report is logged and answered; upheld corrections are published as notices with a new version, and the original remains resolvable.<\/p><\/aside><h3 class=\"nrp-h3\">Release path for this version<\/h3><div class=\"nrp-tblw\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cc-tab1\"><table class=\"nrp-tbl\"><caption><span class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">Table C.1<\/span><span class=\"nrp-tbl-t\">Release path for this version<\/span><\/caption><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Step<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What happens<\/th><th scope=\"col\">When<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Draft<\/td><td>editorial self-check complete at evidence close<\/td><td>October 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Steward review<\/td><td>five passes on the exact draft (keys T \u00b7 M \u00b7 F \u00b7 N)<\/td><td>Q4 2026<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Approval<\/td><td>publication authority approves the exact digest<\/td><td>before release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deposit<\/td><td>concept and version DOI minted; registry pointer set<\/td><td>at release<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Succession<\/td><td>the Q1 2027 edition reports changes against this baseline<\/td><td>Q1 2027<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nrp-split\"><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Current version<\/dt><dd>v1.0.0 draft, stewardship review<\/dd><dt>Previous edition<\/dt><dd>none, first edition of the series<\/dd><dt>Next edition<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2027-Q1-v1.0.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div><dl class=\"nrp-dl\"><dt>Latest version<\/dt><dd>resolve the concept DOI or the registry record<\/dd><dt>Correction route<\/dt><dd>Registry correction pathway<\/dd><dt>Notice types<\/dt><dd>erratum \u00b7 addendum \u00b7 supersession \u00b7 withdrawal<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><\/div><aside class=\"nrp-call\"><p class=\"nf-ui-eyebrow\">NO CORRECTIONS \u2260 NO LIMITS<\/p><p>The absence of corrections does not mean the absence of limitations. Limitations and uncertainty are stated where they arise in the edition.<\/p><\/aside><\/section><div id=\"nx-nr-chn-corrections\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cc-s3\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-cc-s3-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cc-s3-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.3<\/span><span>Corrections log<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-corr\"><p class=\"nx-nr-corr-sum\"><span class=\"nx-nr-corr-n\">0<\/span><span>correction notices. No edition has been released yet, so none can be corrected; the log below lists each edition&#8217;s current version.<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Edition<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Version<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Date<\/th><th scope=\"col\">State<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Change<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Notice<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Edition\"><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">CHN<\/span><\/td><td data-label=\"Version\" class=\"nx-rd-mono\">NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/td><td data-label=\"Date\">October 2026<\/td><td data-label=\"State\">Draft<\/td><td data-label=\"Change\">Baseline Edition 2026, inaugural annual edition,<\/td><td data-label=\"Notice\">None<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-rd-source\">Notice types: erratum, addendum, supersession, withdrawal. A correction is a new version with a published notice; the earlier version stays resolvable, and no edition is ever edited in silence.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-chn-outputs\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cc-s4\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-cc-s4-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cc-s4-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.4<\/span><span>Open record<\/span><\/h2><div class=\"nx-nr-os\"><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>This edition&#8217;s open record<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>Publication ID<\/dt><dd>NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE-v1.0.0<\/dd><dt>Desk identifier and series alias<\/dt><dd>NR-NAT-CHN-2026-BL<\/dd><dt>Collection<\/dt><dd>None<\/dd><dt>DOI<\/dt><dd>Concept and version DOI at deposit, on Zenodo with DataCite metadata<\/dd><dt>Versions<\/dt><dd>Each correction is a new version (isNewVersionOf); the concept DOI resolves to the latest<\/dd><dt>Bundle<\/dt><dd>RO-Crate 1.2 with CITATION.cff, CodeMeta and PROV-O provenance; a signed manifest<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> (SPDX CC-BY-4.0) for original material; metadata CC0 1.0<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Credit and identity<\/h3><dl class=\"nx-nr-os-kv\"><dt>ORCID<\/dt><dd>Your iD in the deposit and the contribution record; DataCite can then add the work to your ORCID record<\/dd><dt>ROR<\/dt><dd>Your organisation by its ROR identifier, never by a typed name alone<\/dd><dt>CRediT<\/dt><dd>Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualisation, Writing, review and editing<\/dd><dt>Account<\/dt><dd>None needed to contribute; never a password<\/dd><\/dl><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Find and follow<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">Search the open indexes for China; software is cited by its SWHID from Software Heritage, and a quantified scenario run is preregistered on OSF before it is run. Annotation is your choice: Hypothesis opens this page in its own viewer.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-nr-os-links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/openalex.org\/works?search=Nexus%20Reports%20China\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAlex<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/explore.openaire.eu\/search\/find?fv0=Nexus%20Reports%20China&amp;f0=q\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenAIRE<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/search.crossref.org\/search\/works?q=Nexus%20Reports%20China\" rel=\"noopener\">Crossref<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.datacite.org\/?query=Nexus%20Reports%20China\" rel=\"noopener\">DataCite Commons<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/zenodo.org\/search?q=Nexus%20Reports%20China\" rel=\"noopener\">Zenodo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.softwareheritage.org\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Software Heritage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/prereg\/\" rel=\"noopener\">OSF preregistration<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/via.hypothes.is\/https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Annotate with Hypothesis<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-card\"><h3>Mirrors and harvest<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">The DOI is canonical. At release each signed bundle is also given an IPFS content identifier and a bloxberg anchor as mirrors; both are listed in the record once they exist. Zenodo exposes every record over OAI-PMH, and reviews and endorsements can arrive through COAR Notify where the repository supports it.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><figure class=\"nx-nr-code\"><figcaption class=\"nx-nr-code-cap\">InvenioRDM metadata for a contribution on China, prefilled from this page<\/figcaption><pre class=\"nx-nr-pre\" tabindex=\"0\"><code>{&#10;  &quot;metadata&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;id&quot;: &quot;dataset&quot;&#10;    },&#10;    &quot;title&quot;: &quot;Evidence on China for Nexus Reports&quot;,&#10;    &quot;publication_date&quot;: &quot;YYYY-MM-DD&quot;,&#10;    &quot;creators&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;person_or_org&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;type&quot;: &quot;personal&quot;,&#10;          &quot;family_name&quot;: &quot;Your family name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;given_name&quot;: &quot;Your given name&quot;,&#10;          &quot;identifiers&quot;: [&#10;            {&#10;              &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;orcid&quot;,&#10;              &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;0000-0000-0000-0000&quot;&#10;            }&#10;          ]&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;affiliations&quot;: [&#10;          {&#10;            &quot;id&quot;: &quot;ROR identifier of your organisation&quot;&#10;          }&#10;        ]&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;description&quot;: &quot;What it is, where its record is kept and how it bears on China Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026.&quot;,&#10;    &quot;rights&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;id&quot;: &quot;cc-by-4.0&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;subjects&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Nexus Reports&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;China&quot;&#10;      },&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;subject&quot;: &quot;Country Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;related_identifiers&quot;: [&#10;      {&#10;        &quot;identifier&quot;: &quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/&quot;,&#10;        &quot;scheme&quot;: &quot;url&quot;,&#10;        &quot;relation_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;issupplementto&quot;&#10;        },&#10;        &quot;resource_type&quot;: {&#10;          &quot;id&quot;: &quot;publication-report&quot;&#10;        }&#10;      }&#10;    ],&#10;    &quot;version&quot;: &quot;1.0.0&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;custom_fields&quot;: {},&#10;  &quot;access&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;record&quot;: &quot;public&quot;,&#10;    &quot;files&quot;: &quot;public&quot;&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;files&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;enabled&quot;: true&#10;  },&#10;  &quot;parent&quot;: {&#10;    &quot;communities&quot;: {&#10;      &quot;default&quot;: &quot;nexusreports&quot;&#10;    }&#10;  }&#10;}<\/code><\/pre><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-nr-os-hook\" data-nx-research-hub=\"slot\" data-nx-research-context=\"{&quot;org&quot;:&quot;GCRI&quot;,&quot;site&quot;:&quot;gcri&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/&quot;,&quot;kind&quot;:&quot;edition&quot;,&quot;subject&quot;:&quot;China&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;Country Systems Risk &amp; Resilience Report&quot;]}\" hidden><\/div><\/section><\/div><div id=\"nx-nr-chn-pillars\"><section class=\"nrp-block\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cc-s5\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nrp-chn-cc-s5-h\"><h2 class=\"nrp-h2\" id=\"nx-nrp-chn-cc-s5-h\"><span class=\"nrp-num\">C.5<\/span><span>Where this edition sits among the six pillars<\/span><\/h2><p class=\"nrp-stand\">Foundry seals the evidence and Universe tests it; Reports publishes it; Standards takes its corrections and Academy teaches from it.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F03 Sealed observations and indicator series<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F04 After-action and scenario findings for<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F05 National Portfolio movement for chapter<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Applied in editions<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>: applied in editions.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>CHN edition<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Reports<\/span> China 2026, published in every format with its sources, citation and corrections.<\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F06 Method and correction findings as change<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Standards<\/span> Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>F12 Q4 synthesis informs the next-year<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Taught in the open<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Academy<\/span> Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>What Foundry and Universe hand to this edition, and what it hands to Standards, Universe and Academy. From the programme spine; CHN is a drafted Baseline Edition, so these handoffs run from its first operational quarter.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table nx-rd-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Handoff<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Between<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What crosses, and when<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F03<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile (closeout).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F04<\/span><\/td><td>Universe to Reports<\/td><td>After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"foundry\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F05<\/span><\/td><td>Foundry to Reports<\/td><td>National Portfolio movement for chapter 11 (after action review).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Nexus Standards to Reports<\/td><td>Nexus Standards: applied in editions.<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"standards\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F06<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Nexus Standards<\/td><td>Method and correction findings as change proposals (correction).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"universe\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">F12<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Universe<\/td><td>Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate (renewal).<\/td><\/tr><tr data-pillar=\"academy\"><td><span class=\"nx-rd-code\">Ring<\/span><\/td><td>Reports to Risk Academy<\/td><td>Risk Academy: taught in the open.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/article><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nrp-noprint\"><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"systemic\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Send evidence or a correction on China.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication, written by six desks. This page sits with the GCRI <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">Systems<\/a> Evidence desk. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work. Sent to the wrong desk, it is forwarded, not refused.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI Systems Evidence desk<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Country Systems Risk and Resilience<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/#nx-sec-routing\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See which desk takes what you have<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The routing table opens the contribution page: what you have, the desk that takes it, how each contribution is reviewed and credited, and the licence.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/nexus-reports\/editions\/chn\/full#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><p class=\"nx-note\" data-nr-rights=\"true\"><a class=\"nx-link\" rel=\"license\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> Free to read. Text and figures: CC BY 4.0. Data: CC0 1.0. Authors keep copyright. Published by GCRI Canada.<\/p><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-chn-full-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-chn-full-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-nexus-reports-editions-chn-full-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/urban-flood\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Urban flood<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/risk-science\/risk-information-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Risk information standards and interoperability<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/data\/identification-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Identification (the UNI)<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script><style>@media print { @page { margin: 20mm 17mm 20mm 17mm; @top-left { content: \"Nexus Reports\"; font: 500 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @top-right { content: \"China Systems Risk and Resilience Report 2026 \\0000b7  Baseline Edition 2026\"; font: 400 7.5pt \"IBM Plex Sans\", sans-serif; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-left { content: \"NR-COUNTRY-CHN-2026-BASELINE \\0000b7  Draft, not released\"; font: 400 7pt \"IBM Plex Mono\", monospace; color: #4a4a4a; } @bottom-center { content: \"CC BY 4.0. 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