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F5\/s9XCNR1uN\/AxTKs3WvWkdlU7cCiV5Zv5L+e+Iz8kNRstXuIBMKEoNJuW9iBEaiBD7GUrJUA8K54DZlvngEyrwjEkdxY4yR02YTXK5RtRVWEND6RpPmTI+ZAi50O\/cgcSQq4Bw6BQKsFvYE+WbGhpDJOInEljC5g7DH0mjmkzwx5b0QnTmsAs0b9QQYMnwLRFrUoOPbPsfIPzwCkoA6uJ7T8lig+dB0LIiZjRQ3YWOEmJn8WbklDLKd42uTG6\/2PkqThEnuDVQjspPSXyIyCIZ6WHPcxpkjF0PaaaB2cpqGcvpG0b3Gv212tvY2leAhYhsyjMeAgniT1C0rUaJms1Klur4UvWaoRXY8GoRwJNRgXuxaxB4k23GhVQO\/2mo2Z64Omq550LDa\/ghTvUDo\/HqZqTm3mYEQyHMWUfuLY43brM4MYVY+L6QrFEkDAdzsg477r3V6bf\/otKLrzB+gkMQEXuPULGOfR2h9oYUHkXn8YrgJTrT7OdwqmE2hinE2MgElIEgK\/XmxOSKk1P9GSWYi44bewjaZof1cY+isY+po3Neh+Fg+k5FQ1GcBTWtG3V23r9W7OJfzZ+40t4ctwEXUYRimJMrq+d6OnwzmlxfLiOwLjM+72Vp\/tnz6CKsOsOtdvOXjfZ6F31YHuht9408zqVz7JKuvq3QkN5oXEL0bPG+qcXGOtnmWAJqHGyR8gsAfqJRIdZ72TbXP8EopEd+L5QOnzO9GVFA33rMLXQZz9BP\/eUmuEZTpV0clYR\/T6lMTvx3QmnKBeRNcmUgKVftc9S\/fAZdFOZjy0\/06ePyaEj2nE+Gnvq0cgiTdM6ihKoWACVqGf1K07+Yw+p3VMtwitfS4\/2BduSEAYjw6aex0VvU8iDzIiCeZyOYUGa5uIoTMawkCsT9hZ9XjXueX28yj2Wcdox6PY916d8iLmjnyUq5g6A8l1v\/GxjUWUBaAGVSzph4AJKBTMaKdtEIi+AqsCyoi2WxRyFUYGCSrOwEDO2e+Myuev\/f9CTnJdHLTim+EJZ\/FhpPXfcGcLmY4VujblhJhoVC3H7IFhrAg\/KQQFJHzmhmOYs348KaWF8UzzmD9WofBC2FTnQCY0mUp3lk14PibEJv169VFnGbIT7elqSQTGlQ+WTU9WCg3A\/4\/GUNE2aHbhp4mbi92i\/1+orXKmgdCt6P4aWDzZHxfGWN9HsmzlFG5ENm485QEZiRa3n2rdUx1450yGSW\/6Zunl9h1YOnUd51K1XfI+EEOVE1pChDqp9XZz+u8af9Jrr1+gipBGrgUstnaM2kqsbVo5tgLAZ5gZW3m8M3ipVX+qo9nV62Prt36iN3tPFNK51meU7VuTEyQfTysHbw4UXIS6siKVgvmDLgmhOK5XkgvCxnd+HXP4YssaC\/4GdP6w\/SpHgL65hXwhNe+NXvBqS5CFXpPGrNO6Npcq9sQANfP1XaC55l7YqBI16683xtiCDV9AIWAJ5C418ncavm0cp1sBgMynrV30o5BYz+c6CkIyEKJOxKW4t1YXrGFjQ\/84Y+mMFp+OEASCfw4iylYieWQmL+I2Ij7veeiU3CG1EHFCtN5zkFgAfZYDPKhcg33pVCRKrBCReASR\/a0AhFXqafbqiOR+UMlSXWirhOytgUL5LPTqjnnSyxUYcei7T0BolgNky0IlK3ONKrXLwNa4fZEIL2D69IyshlV5yGAqJxWUD0U1DOoL1mqA4lHanBXk\/nQxopIVAU9OdssunJDn4gzsJlb4kcgd1xip6GCxyJxpu0+RcO6yjdg3Vtai36K\/XiAOjhuoLnBx2kbIiNznzTGYOLeg\/mBv29VovBVS5SbTGXR5AX1t21OHsNI13o17b12Ea7dLV4IU30lvDr9L99pTlls42ihMSH81Wd1fC\/Ua0\/ZNUkFWLHLBL\/6kJGVTu0ISEoa1CTThw+HuE\/IRXPxHfZFTzE0vLRo5LTB\/WKHXdlVNUaAmlGuUIoUPfQAY+p7++YBFM8YxApRyoZM9\/a1U1tzWWwuWKpdq72LZC0OwpTVW0tS1A\/i\/hm0LVVLR09CUtZ0iP8u5tCtgTx7YqIsyXpQqzdUmaJc09ONQjybfwLlAFU4b0vxWh06e7bS0AIY+OqO\/UjmsgB8kd09drFZ9YQmhouQlp6FLPkVstERvX62zXSbjkvdgsLaGDLyPsY0IrT5KS\/OS1VEfjEh1V5isAhsCp5wG718bbiqqd9D\/VsC\/qqIHqEch\/De7uArosaKxEwHfcSeZnyU\/QvGQ504fCyuER9FfdTCTvpjawbqkGyQOiyj+WmKfCiMYxWKcSEHSkKwmvUAYFLt\/KQhHGqTVrkw1QMEI\/xwj97eOxPEkNpoxBEIrJi6TmsKZZUiU\/Zl6gjJEgvGVr42WfV94u8CrUFgVTyaay+jatW\/C1WGSWCkYjtF6nL2oIrxbbJoqSTlWTaZi2Wz5dgdGwK8q+0yiyXL8RDIdiX45xpbtIrmziWVIWD6CUy\/yFczvOz+04jqDDfuX4\/e2Nkl\/scXFJE2lFyvqLCmw1owxbCSGjDvdoleLWCIxD5ZqSxFJpiSLpUtzlKKoiZ5mJLMK9tLWD3len3\/vq6Eb\/54OC5JHwBjj9CpFTjifKIkZ0ES4iaqYOpRbOteERLUoESwPhXqsv6JOEvJA+o8wbREdgxpFW5gXxpU2mqVNRJhE9kw\/ydT3RxCUiZp56j7QLAZFbcmGw4MJdUH6CBDEXr27JbTarr6dah2hfndUvG1zXOntfHYxhonrmRHKbwboLDcMRkCT0eUgupCo4VR+3dO2iMcQHoHLmw\/tMWg3+NQzmWqtxq\/8COiP1wLSojzTr58+4PoYx3h61AKhl6s2u3AP56j6gXkVxHrxa7usm2FMYBTaNY9cfSR77GLqx+MUiy6biJ+ei4ueEssi1RWUbgnX76XvwFxJO\/Z0dmmnVwS2iL1BQs0xBXeaGx0+rPX9bP51TBQlHPSk5maVExM1iDWAWpcSLzxgIxB14U28iqoSsUe6OzMYRjceB57SNw9dKFNoSHN2W7MhNR7\/kHqERTXXgLust2VYw2glUPFErnojoKtY7Yf1nJqKooU+fkb3yxj9JPp7xdRHU4iX2Vu4Ss9vPFCeKVWFwW4GE04Z6ukSNtrWpcpUR1Cc9hITE7zX7UtH+PnCoalJ+EuOekSe1ADfoC9dioV+YyTMJfwJDvvh4ndMjNHX1ff2p0n2bKydmuz8fvlLXawwDdYfaEyEkdVXbeOSJb7EnvArVETVTdjcjTXOWGaxnqbF+Bshiy2CGJ7zibwDIZYxOcv9sR6j1q8K8i3UWWtpHwr3TPrcYfq7bQn\/VIfJJeTUfjXSw\/zOjG0+kaT5lMHlKYfKkwuRPvBprfypWLAHOdLEhRENv4vrhK\/1EJONJ3e8UJV09751\/TF4WMXC409tCmES5w0UCkx2BAtz16ojM8OokVyc1sV13Ph5tj\/xn401CnAv1NmPtRHq8y2OKwhQFCR7BaYXbHHZa6JSje9oUnN03mxET+767w2FXQAzp3WLYx\/NG2C5+UXjzRTVD6qrEvdfUW32FvN+SpnmbLdotLNpFStlp7zZbuJJTat7nfL1WywuSJwd+x2eTH\/JnPuT8F4Di54yxlPTJz69MoYB405VRDRYtFRiYNfBoqtCaWCxyF+rJ9hwY1Tk7slIonHNGdU81i\/bOgbPx8+IucaTEL9WDZj121E35n8ekb2qX9TwmvFPlTxGZ9pLxg2NanDC6CyGHQBQI30FX3VsppeNUJm01FYcoGNMDOwqyXcqSbXrGSEB7D6xfNoRICk5cc6POMoYWY3Z0ls4yTlt0KTljvZiVnoBFU0JkcWnHpUcXacCMrKUqsKXzIa0Mf9gRoZeM9RHG+siOvHT2j3ysp1TzaO8xWYYpI8gH845BJwPqgPfvhKKMctxmsRjlAczJmGhjHIDfs+6r8ogwBbKcKVCa9Xu0r2R8Wa\/hRWp9L90KQvTwpeQBvgvtSPcXlIsc2yHwMZelcpH4W8S95JTKAaCzxGHUB79oPhUwveofYEbw+OkHI3TtwAuiRmxD8+2aY0WPONEDcicfRkRAVAb6KR9\/4lgGigBeoPOp8ymJ6u0gaAi1kcedL9O\/SiDbd+45fQ0WHy6UMSxalBbiqYyurAKRWRVMIuHk48oSE2FyFnI6zx4ymDrOcoGSEVAl2EYIDxoP4eRz6oi5iFba\/J34jXP1LMfJVcrKtdUG5GGhZGsO5ECFY3\/pXJIiMFk15BtigYSWIh0Azn0sjFPOv8HHKOCHTc7tq2pJqJRVVF1n+BJzdJerCrt2pzkeLOawqXbuAGkP42Vht1UQI16+wYLRyKO1VDO3wy2He+XsVCxCgZK1EgsFrvlbih2O5vm0G8+5lQPVa8vJrhzKLNdri5RRbLNJHca9ZP\/\/IU4u0MUfRHGk9LosiKwRR64rRifaNKUdDK9ELRAO\/oAdIPZnh\/8WGMt\/ilBONY7yj+ycdFkepa2CXXLIq1zyp3v+qTsO5r7wVkx113tXDK+KruAyaFg4g++i9ZKSzV0gQZFeM2xv0Nh6KVFWvOErp9eM0JVIDM\/yG8I5S03i9AdOlVEAng9L8L2JQ88C52Ofp0lA7iQMImbxQ4VgZA6tzLDBV5qLbTRK2OU4TdWRQuWy46RM+TLnoHP5o2MyL9Nl37vs7F2xzp5D83GyPK1WRQD+mEZB7ZhrbKTjMWhtIF1CmVhqU5\/u\/tpwwV+2skxkTXiXoJOoKEOLg+HRywyvblhZriY1LZO+f+S4sxonasK\/RkXcGrdPo1EUTENU42TAswaQnuQkDKkVWb5Na8FQBA2F1oii4yNBY2qAtSQxBdRSApFssppKU4gkFMfX8O3o64Go9nxbfJOWN\/XWih5\/oCW+x8tb6vL0NkpbXw8cd3a8D3h0w57f\/Pzwcdm5YhXomy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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n1gbewxc.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"gcri\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> \u00b7 Oceans and Coasts<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Oceans and Coasts<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Oceans, coastal ecosystems and built shoreline resilience at the junction of science and development. Oceans and Coasts is an established platform of The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/about\/\">Open Mandate and publisher <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/about\/\">About GCRI<\/a><\/div><\/div><dl class=\"nx-scene-stats nx-es-stats\"><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">STEM methods<\/dt><dd>7<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Canonical methods this field applies<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topics<\/dt><dd>8<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Subject pages in the field<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Counterparts<\/dt><dd>7<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Platforms in shared fields across the network<\/dd><\/div><div><dt class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Report series<\/dt><dd>2<\/dd><dd class=\"nx-scene-stat-note\">Reports series it contributes to<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-areas\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Coverage<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The areas of oceans and coasts this platform takes on.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Oceans and Coasts studies the sea and the shore as one system: rising seas and coastal floods, marine ecosystems, fisheries and the people who depend on them, ports and maritime infrastructure, ocean observation, the blue economy, small islands and marine pollution. Its pages set out the observations, models and standards behind ocean and coastal evidence, with every value labelled by its evidence and every limit stated. It prepares evidence; coastal, fisheries and maritime authorities and communities decide.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"columns\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"4\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M7 16.3c2.2 0 4-1.83 4-4.05 0-1.16-.57-2.26-1.71-3.19S7.29 6.75 7 5.3c-.29 1.45-1.14 2.84-2.29 3.76S3 11.1 3 12.25c0 2.22 1.8 4.05 4 4.05z\"\/><path d=\"M12.56 6.6A10.97 10.97 0 0 0 14 3.02c.5 2.5 2 4.9 4 6.5s3 3.5 3 5.5a6.98 6.98 0 0 1-11.91 4.97\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Sea level and coastal flood<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Rising mean sea level, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.storm-surge\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Sea level pushed above the tide by storm wind and low pressure, flooding the coast.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">storm surge<\/a>, waves and the coastal floods they cause, now and under projections.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M7 20h10\"\/><path d=\"M10 20c5.5-2.5.8-6.4 3-10\"\/><path d=\"M9.5 9.4c1.1.8 1.8 2.2 2.3 3.7-2 .4-3.5.4-4.8-.3-1.2-.6-2.3-1.9-3-4.2 2.8-.5 4.4 0 5.5.8z\"\/><path d=\"M14.1 6a7 7 0 0 0-1.1 4c1.9-.1 3.3-.6 4.3-1.4 1-1 1.6-2.3 1.7-4.6-2.7.1-4 1-4.9 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Marine ecosystems<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Coral reefs, mangroves, seagrass, kelp and open-ocean life under warming, acidification and deoxygenation.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M2 22 16 8\"\/><path d=\"M3.47 12.53 5 11l1.53 1.53a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 0 4.94L5 19l-1.53-1.53a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 0-4.94Z\"\/><path d=\"M7.47 8.53 9 7l1.53 1.53a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 0 4.94L9 15l-1.53-1.53a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 0-4.94Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.47 4.53 13 3l1.53 1.53a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 0 4.94L13 11l-1.53-1.53a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 0-4.94Z\"\/><path d=\"M20 2h2v2a4 4 0 0 1-4 4h-2V6a4 4 0 0 1 4-4Z\"\/><path d=\"M11.47 17.47 13 19l-1.53 1.53a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.94 0L5 19l1.53-1.53a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.94 0Z\"\/><path d=\"M15.47 13.47 17 15l-1.53 1.53a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.94 0L9 15l1.53-1.53a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.94 0Z\"\/><path d=\"M19.47 9.47 21 11l-1.53 1.53a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.94 0L13 11l1.53-1.53a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.94 0Z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Fisheries and livelihoods<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Wild fisheries and aquaculture, the stocks they depend on and the communities who fish.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M2 21c.6.5 1.2 1 2.5 1 2.5 0 2.5-2 5-2 1.3 0 1.9.5 2.5 1 .6.5 1.2 1 2.5 1 2.5 0 2.5-2 5-2 1.3 0 1.9.5 2.5 1\"\/><path d=\"M19.38 20A11.6 11.6 0 0 0 21 14l-9-4-9 4c0 2.9.94 5.34 2.81 7.76\"\/><path d=\"M19 13V7a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H7a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v6\"\/><path d=\"M12 10v4\"\/><path d=\"M12 2v3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Ports and maritime infrastructure<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Ports, coastal roads, defences and shipping exposed to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">sea-level rise<\/a> and storms.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M19.07 4.93A10 10 0 0 0 6.99 3.34\"\/><path d=\"M4 6h.01\"\/><path d=\"M2.29 9.62A10 10 0 1 0 21.31 8.35\"\/><path d=\"M16.24 7.76A6 6 0 1 0 8.23 16.67\"\/><path d=\"M12 18h.01\"\/><path d=\"M17.99 11.66A6 6 0 0 1 15.77 16.67\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"2\"\/><path d=\"m13.41 10.59 5.66-5.66\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Ocean observation<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Floats, buoys, tide gauges, ships and satellites that measure the ocean and share the data.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21.54 15H17a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v4.54\"\/><path d=\"M7 3.34V5a3 3 0 0 0 3 3v0a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v0c0 1.1.9 2 2 2v0a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v0c0-1.1.9-2 2-2h3.17\"\/><path d=\"M11 21.95V18a2 2 0 0 0-2-2v0a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H2.05\"\/><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Blue economy<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Economic activity that depends on the ocean, from shipping and tourism to offshore energy.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M14.106 5.553a2 2 0 0 0 1.788 0l3.659-1.83A1 1 0 0 1 21 4.619v12.764a1 1 0 0 1-.553.894l-4.553 2.277a2 2 0 0 1-1.788 0l-4.212-2.106a2 2 0 0 0-1.788 0l-3.659 1.83A1 1 0 0 1 3 19.381V6.618a1 1 0 0 1 .553-.894l4.553-2.277a2 2 0 0 1 1.788 0z\"\/><path d=\"M15 5.76v15\"\/><path d=\"M9 3.24v15\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Island resilience<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Small island states and communities facing sea-level rise, cyclones and dependence on imports.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M20 13c0 5-3.5 7.5-7.66 8.95a1 1 0 0 1-.67-.01C7.5 20.5 4 18 4 13V6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1c2 0 4.5-1.2 6.24-2.72a1.17 1.17 0 0 1 1.52 0C14.51 3.81 17 5 19 5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1z\"\/><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Area<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Marine pollution<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Plastics, nutrients, oil and chemicals entering the sea from land, ships and rivers.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"signals\" data-nxf-kind=\"indicator\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G-P07\/home#signals\" data-nxf-title=\"Oceans and Coasts signals\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"alerts\" data-nxf-kind=\"alerts\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G-P07\/home#alerts\" data-nxf-title=\"Notices\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-label=\"Monitor, Topics, Simulator, Overview\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Monitor, Topics, Simulator, Overview\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-2-sec\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Monitor<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-3-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Topics<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-instrument\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Simulator<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-overview\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Overview<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-s-2-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Monitor<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Coastal adaptation pathways.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The screen a team would use to follow this field: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-oceans-pathways\" data-cx=\"oceans.pathways\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Coastal adaptation pathways: illustrative console with example names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Coastal adaptation pathways<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">Coastal zone A \u00b7 Sea level scenario set<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure&#8217;s values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Tipping point in 27 years<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GCRI \u00b7 Oceans and Coasts<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"map\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Flood extent by scenario<\/h4><p class=\"nx-fk-panel-sub\">illustrative coastline<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-map\"><svg class=\"nx-cx-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 480 250\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Flood extent by scenario: schematic on example geography. Illustrative.\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"cx-sea\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\" rx=\"4\"\/><path class=\"cx-land\" d=\"M0 250 L0 87.5 C 96 70, 168 125, 240 105 S 384 50, 480 75 L480 250 Z\"\/><path class=\"cx-flood0\" d=\"M0 107.5 C 96 90, 168 145, 240 125 S 384 70, 480 95 L480 75 S 384 50, 240 105 S 96 70, 0 87.5 Z\"\/><path class=\"cx-flood1\" d=\"M0 127.5 C 96 110, 168 165, 240 145 S 384 90, 480 115 L480 75 S 384 50, 240 105 S 96 70, 0 87.5 Z\"\/><path class=\"cx-flood2\" d=\"M0 147.5 C 96 130, 168 185, 240 165 S 384 110, 480 135 L480 75 S 384 50, 240 105 S 96 70, 0 87.5 Z\"\/><rect class=\"cx-site-hot\" x=\"100.6\" y=\"115\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" rx=\"2\"\/><text class=\"cx-lbl-s\" x=\"114.6\" y=\"124\" text-anchor=\"start\">Port<\/text><rect class=\"cx-site\" x=\"259\" y=\"145\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" rx=\"2\"\/><text class=\"cx-lbl-s\" x=\"273\" y=\"154\" text-anchor=\"start\">Town<\/text><rect class=\"cx-site\" x=\"379\" y=\"115\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" rx=\"2\"\/><text class=\"cx-lbl-s\" x=\"393\" y=\"124\" text-anchor=\"start\">Plant<\/text><text class=\"cx-lbl-s\" x=\"16\" y=\"22\" text-anchor=\"start\">Sea<\/text><text class=\"cx-lbl-s\" x=\"464\" y=\"236\" text-anchor=\"end\">Bands: 1-in-10 \u00b7 1-in-100 \u00b7 1-in-1000<\/text><g class=\"cx-north\"><path d=\"M458 30 L463 18 L468 30 Z\"\/><text class=\"cx-lbl-s\" x=\"463\" y=\"42\" text-anchor=\"middle\">N<\/text><\/g><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"chart\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Relative sea level<\/h4><\/div><\/div><svg class=\"nx-fk-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 460 210\" width=\"460\" height=\"210\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Relative sea level\" focusable=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" data-fk-chart=\"cx-oceans-pathways-c1\" data-fk-xs=\"lin,0,23,36,446\" data-fk-ys=\"lin,0,100,180,20\" data-fk-series=\"Observed|ink|l||0:41;1:41.6;2:44.9;3:44.3;4:50;5:49.1;6:47.2;7:52.8;8:53;9:49.6;10:53.9;11:50.8;12:51.6;13:49.8~Central scenario|acc|l||13:49.8;14:50.9;15:52;16:53.099999999999994;17:54.199999999999996;18:55.3;19:56.4;20:57.5;21:58.599999999999994;22:59.699999999999996;23:60.8~Scenario range, upper|s3|l||13:49.8;14:53.1;15:56.4;16:59.699999999999996;17:63;18:66.3;19:69.6;20:72.9;21:76.19999999999999;22:79.5;23:82.8~Scenario range, lower|s3|l||13:49.8;14:48.9;15:48;16:47.099999999999994;17:46.199999999999996;18:45.3;19:44.4;20:43.5;21:42.599999999999994;22:41.699999999999996;23:40.8\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Adaptation pathways<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-oceans-pathways-t2\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-oceans-pathways-t2\" aria-label=\"Adaptation pathways\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Measure<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Works until (sea level, m)<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">Lead time (yr)<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">Next measure<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c4\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c4\">Signal to switch<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-oceans-pathways:r2-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Dune nourishment<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.4\">0.4<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"1\">1<\/td><td>Raise seawall<\/td><td>Overtopping twice in 5 yr<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-oceans-pathways:r2-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Raise seawall<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"0.8\">0.8<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"9\">9<\/td><td>Managed realignment<\/td><td>Seawall at design limit<\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-oceans-pathways:r2-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>Managed realignment<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"1\">1.0<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"15\">15<\/td><td>Relocate assets<\/td><td>Community decision<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Coastal adaptation pathways: the screen&#8217;s structure, terms and states for Coastal zone A.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-3-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topics<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The questions this field works on.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cards\" data-cols=\"3\"><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/topics\/sea-level-and-coastal-flood\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Sea level and coastal flood<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Shoreline exposure and changing sea levels.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/topics\/marine-ecosystems\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Marine ecosystems<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Habitats, trophic systems and ecosystem condition.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/topics\/fisheries-and-livelihoods\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Fisheries and livelihoods<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Fish stocks, food security and local economies.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/topics\/ports-and-maritime-infrastructure\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Ports and maritime infrastructure<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Coastal transport and continuity.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/topics\/ocean-observation\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Ocean observation<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Marine sensing and data limitations.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/topics\/blue-economy\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Blue economy<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Development, access and ecological safeguards.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/topics\/island-resilience\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Island resilience<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Island connectivity and energy, water, food systems.<\/p><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/topics\/marine-pollution\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Topic<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Marine pollution<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Contaminants, plastics and ecosystem harm.<\/p><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-instrument\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-ns-layout=\"es-wide\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Hazard to loss: the exceedance curve.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">How often a given loss is exceeded, from a Gumbel hazard, a lognormal fragility and a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 protection-standard\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The level of hazard, often expressed as a return period, against which defences are built to protect an area.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">protection standard<\/a>; the area under the curve is the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 average-annual-loss\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"The long-run expected loss per year, averaged over all possible events; it equals the area under the loss exceedance curve.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">average annual loss<\/a>. Teaching model with stated illustrative values, not a prediction. The map on this page shows Pacific Island states; the model itself is not tied to a place.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-in nx-fk\" id=\"nx-in-oceans-coasts-0\" data-nxi=\"hevl\" data-nxi-id=\"hevl\" data-nxi-z=\"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\" aria-label=\"Hazard to loss: the exceedance curve\"><div class=\"nx-in-body\"><div class=\"nx-in-main\"><div class=\"nx-in-tabs\" data-nxi-tabs=\"true\" aria-label=\"Views of the model\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"result\">Result<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"fan\">Uncertainty<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"tornado\">Sensitivity<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-tab\" data-nxi-view=\"loops\">Loops<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-stage\" id=\"nx-in-oceans-coasts-0-stage\" data-nxi-stage=\"true\" data-view=\"result\"><svg class=\"nx-in-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 720 340\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Loss exceedance curve\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-in-tip\" data-nxi-tip=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/p><div class=\"nx-in-bar\" data-nxi-bar=\"true\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Play over time\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-prev=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step back\">&#8249;<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-play=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Play<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-next=\"true\" aria-label=\"Step forward\">&#8250;<\/button><span class=\"nx-in-step\" data-nxi-step=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-in-side\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><div class=\"nx-in-ctl\" data-nxi-ctl=\"true\"><dl class=\"nx-in-pv\"><div><dt>Typical annual peak gust (location)<\/dt><dd>24.0 m\/s peak gust<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Spread of extremes (scale)<\/dt><dd>7.00 m\/s peak gust<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Intensity at which half the value is lost<\/dt><dd>62.0 m\/s peak gust<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Dispersion of vulnerability<\/dt><dd>0.22<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Share of value in the hazard footprint<\/dt><dd>40%<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Protection standard (return period)<\/dt><dd>50 years<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Readouts<\/p><dl class=\"nx-in-out\" data-nxi-out=\"true\" aria-live=\"polite\"><div><dt>Average annual loss<\/dt><dd>0.30% of value<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Loss at 1 in 100 years<\/dt><dd>13.1% of value<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Loss at 1 in 250 years<\/dt><dd>20.7% of value<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Intensity at 1 in 100 years<\/dt><dd>56.20 m\/s peak gust<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><\/div><\/div><details class=\"nx-in-more\"><summary>Numbers, methods and sources<\/summary><div class=\"nx-in-more-in\"><div class=\"nx-in-tblw\" data-nxi-table=\"true\"><table class=\"nx-in-tbl\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Return period (years)<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Intensity (m\/s peak gust)<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Loss (% of value)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">1<\/th><td>16.08<\/td><td>0.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">2<\/th><td>26.33<\/td><td>0.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">4<\/th><td>31.96<\/td><td>0.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">7<\/th><td>36.87<\/td><td>0.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">13<\/th><td>41.50<\/td><td>0.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">24<\/th><td>46.00<\/td><td>0.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">44<\/th><td>50.44<\/td><td>0.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">82<\/th><td>54.85<\/td><td>11.55<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">154<\/th><td>59.23<\/td><td>16.71<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">287<\/th><td>63.61<\/td><td>21.85<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">536<\/th><td>67.98<\/td><td>26.49<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">1,000<\/th><td>72.35<\/td><td>30.34<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-in-btn\" data-nxi-csv=\"true\" hidden>Download the numbers (CSV)<\/button><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Methods<\/h4><ol class=\"nx-in-meth\"><li>Gumbel extreme-value hazard <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Gumbel (1958), Statistics of Extremes, Columbia University Press<\/span><\/li><li>Lognormal fragility (vulnerability) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">FEMA (2003), HAZUS-MH Technical Manual<\/span><\/li><li>Exceedance-probability curve and average annual loss <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Grossi and Kunreuther (2005), Catastrophe Modeling, Springer<\/span><\/li><li>Levee effect <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Di Baldassarre and others (2013), Socio-hydrology, HESS 17<\/span><\/li><li>Uncertainty fan (parameter Monte Carlo) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Spiegelhalter, Pearson and Short (2011), Visualising uncertainty about the future, Science 333<\/span><\/li><li>One-at-a-time sensitivity (tornado) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Saltelli and others (2008), Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, Wiley<\/span><\/li><\/ol><h4 class=\"nx-h4\">Data<\/h4><p class=\"nx-p\">The model runs on the teaching values set by the controls. To calibrate it for a place, read it against these admitted layers and series, which this page&#8217;s map can draw:<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-src\"><li>Rivers <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Urban extents <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Cities <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Natural Earth<\/span><\/li><li>Earthquakes M4.5+, past week (USGS) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">U.S. Geological Survey \u00b7 register usgs.earthquake.summary-feeds<\/span><\/li><li>Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">NASA GPM IMERG Early \u00b7 register nasa.gibs.context-live-layers<\/span><\/li><li>River discharge forecast, 30 days with range (GloFAS via Open-Meteo) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0), Copernicus GloFAS \u00b7 register open-meteo.public-pages<\/span><\/li><li>Built-up and settlement extent, 2010 (HBASE, Landsat) <span class=\"nx-in-cite\">CIESIN\/Columbia, NASA SEDAC HBASE \u00b7 register sedac.context-urban-layers<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/details><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\">Hazard to loss: the exceedance curve. Illustrative teaching model: it runs on the values set by the controls, not on measured data. Methods: Gumbel extreme-value hazard (Gumbel (1958), Statistics of Extremes, Columbia University Press); Lognormal fragility (vulnerability) (FEMA (2003), HAZUS-MH Technical Manual); Exceedance-probability curve and average annual loss (Grossi and Kunreuther (2005), Catastrophe Modeling, Springer).<\/figcaption><div class=\"nx-in-pls\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the six pillars, led by Nexus Consortium<\/p><ul class=\"nx-in-pl\" aria-label=\"Where this instrument connects across the pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Experiments<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Built in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/foundry\/\">Oceans and Coasts in Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Tested at<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/universe\/\">Oceans and Coasts in Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Codified in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/\">Climate and Earth Systems in Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Published in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/reports\/\">Oceans and Coasts in Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-in-plv\">Taught in<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/\">Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences in Academy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><span class=\"nx-in-keep\" hidden><i data-c=\"c1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c4\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"c6\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l1\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l2\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"l5\"><\/i><i data-c=\"h3\"><\/i><i data-c=\"neg\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on0\"><\/i><i data-c=\"on1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"0\"><\/i><i data-l=\"1\"><\/i><i data-l=\"2\"><\/i><i data-l=\"3\"><\/i><i data-l=\"4\"><\/i><i data-l=\"5\"><\/i><i data-on=\"0\"><\/i><i data-on=\"1\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"p\"><\/i><i data-pol=\"n\"><\/i><i data-k=\"R\"><\/i><i data-k=\"B\"><\/i><i data-k=\"dash\"><\/i><i data-dash=\"true\"><\/i><i data-view=\"result\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"on\"><\/i><i data-nxi-live=\"off\"><\/i><i class=\"nx-in-svg nx-in-grid nx-in-ax nx-in-tk nx-in-at nx-in-ln nx-in-band nx-in-lbl nx-in-lk nx-in-ref nx-in-reft nx-in-mk nx-in-x nx-in-rect nx-in-val nx-in-rowl nx-in-cl nx-in-arrow nx-in-pol nx-in-cln nx-in-loop nx-in-edge nx-in-node nx-in-nl nx-in-reach nx-in-trib nx-in-agent nx-in-flow nx-in-legend nx-in-sw nx-in-note nx-in-loops nx-in-3d nx-in-cv nx-in-field nx-in-fl nx-in-fv nx-in-range nx-in-btn nx-in-err nx-in-tbl nx-in-cite\"><\/i><\/span><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-overview\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Overview<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What Oceans and Coasts does.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Ocean and coastal risk is the potential for harm to people, ecosystems and economies from ocean change and coastal hazards. Oceans and Coasts covers <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">sea-level rise<\/a> and coastal floods, marine ecosystems, fisheries and livelihoods, ports, ocean observation, the blue economy, small islands and marine pollution. Coastal, fisheries and maritime authorities and communities decide.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M16 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H6a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M22 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87\"\/><path d=\"M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Who it serves<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Its community<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Marine scientists; coastal planners; fisheries experts; port specialists.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M6 18h8\"\/><path d=\"M3 22h18\"\/><path d=\"M14 22a7 7 0 1 0 0-14h-1\"\/><path d=\"M9 14h2\"\/><path d=\"M9 12a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6h6v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2Z\"\/><path d=\"M12 6V3a1 1 0 0 0-1-1H9a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v3\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">How it works<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Its methods<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Marine observations; coastal inundation; fisheries and habitat evidence.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M15 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7Z\"\/><path d=\"M14 2v4a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4\"\/><path d=\"M10 9H8\"\/><path d=\"M16 13H8\"\/><path d=\"M16 17H8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What it produces<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Its outputs<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Coastal risk atlas methods; marine dependency briefs; research cases.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-label=\"Twin and cascade simulator, Mandate and boundaries, Risk and response, Across the domains\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Twin and cascade simulator, Mandate and boundaries, Risk and response, Across the domains\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-twin\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-mandate\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Mandate and boundaries<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-nexus\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Risk and response<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-nexus-couplings\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Across the domains<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-span=\"wide\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Model Oceans and Coasts as a system. Run the cascade.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Assembled from the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> area profile <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/oceans-and-coasts-risk-standards\/\">Oceans and coasts risk standards<\/a>: the hazards it names, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/system-builder\/\">System Builder<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-es-home-G-P07\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">Sea-level rise<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.storm-surge\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Sea level pushed above the tide by storm wind and low pressure, flooding the coast.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">Storm surge<\/a><\/li><li>Coastal erosion<\/li><li>Heatwave<\/li><li>Ocean acidification<\/li><li>Harmful algal bloom<\/li><li>Extreme fire weather (set off downstream)<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Wildfire<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Heat-driven grid stress (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Agricultural drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Flash drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Snow drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Ground-level ozone episode (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Meteorological drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>River flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Coastal flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Estuary flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Mass displacement (set off downstream)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/oceans-and-coasts-risk-standards\/\">Oceans and coasts risk standards<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/industry-trade\/supply-chain-and-trade-risk\/\">Supply chain and trade risk<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/food-risk-standards\/\">Food and agriculture risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/climate-risk-standards\/\">Climate risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Common driver and feedback<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/cities\/cities-and-urban-systems-risk-standards\/\">Cities and urban systems risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Exposure<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-0<\/code> Constitution and principles<\/li><li><code>NS-1<\/code> The <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> and the artefact catalogue (grammar v0.2: domain, sector, region and environment segments)<\/li><li><code>NS-3<\/code> Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)<\/li><li><code>NS-3b<\/code> Dataset and product metadata profile (STAC, DCAT, PROV-O)<\/li><li><code>NS-5<\/code> Figure, map and visualisation standard (with the UI\/UX kit)<\/li><li><code>NS-9<\/code> Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)<\/li><li><code>NS-11<\/code> Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)<\/li><li><code>NRS-X3<\/code> Oceans and coasts risk<\/li><li><code>NRS-H11<\/code> Hazard family: Coastal and sea-level hazards (NHS-1 water.coastal)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H79<\/code> Hazard family: Mental health crises (NHS-1 health.mental)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H12<\/code> Hazard family: Ocean-state extremes (NHS-1 water.ocean-state)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H67<\/code> Hazard family: Ocean circulation and marine tipping (NHS-1 planet.ocean-tipping)<\/li><li><code>NRS-K18<\/code> Domain pack profile: Oceans coastal (DOMAIN-018)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Copernicus Marine Service ocean products (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Coral Reef Watch daily 5 km heat stress products (listed for reference)<\/li><li>PSMSL tide gauge mean sea level records (listed for reference)<\/li><li>GEBCO global bathymetric grid (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Argo float profiles (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Average marine acidity (pH) measured at agreed suite of representative sampling stations<\/li><li>Index of coastal eutrophication and floating plastic debris density<\/li><li>Direct economic loss attributed to disasters in relation to GDP, including damage to critical infrastructure<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Example geography<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Pacific Island states: 150 hexagonal cells<\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface water through cloud, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-S1 radar), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface air temperature, daytime (AIRS), NASA GIBS<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-mandate\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Mandate and boundaries<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What Oceans and Coasts studies, and who governs the sea.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Oceans and Coasts, studies the sea and the shore as one system: sea level and coastal floods, marine ecosystems, fisheries, ports and ocean observation. Coastal, fisheries and maritime authorities and communities decide; the platform prepares evidence and takes no position on maritime boundaries.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Sea-level and flood layers shown here are illustrations unless marked as released, and a boundary on a map implies no position on any maritime claim.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nexus\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"stack\" data-nx-duo=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-sec-nexus-h\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Risk and response<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-sec-nexus-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Coupled risk, applied response.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede nx-nduo-lede\" data-lede=\"The sectors {s} touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.\">The sectors coastal <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.storm-surge\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Sea level pushed above the tide by storm wind and low pressure, flooding the coast.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">storm surge<\/a> touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-nduo\" data-active=\"sig\" data-compose=\"pair\"><div class=\"nx-nduo-seg\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Show\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-nduo=\"sig\" aria-pressed=\"true\">A \u00b7 Risk<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-nduo=\"phex\" aria-pressed=\"false\">B \u00b7 Response<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-ctx\"><p class=\"nx-nduo-ctxk\">Choose a context<\/p><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Signatures in context\" hidden><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-pair\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig nx-nduo-fig\" data-nx-sig=\"WEIHB\" data-sig-ctx=\"storm-surge\" data-sig-name=\"Coastal storm surge\" data-sig-line=\"Mangroves and dunes absorb the surge; where they are gone, ports, substations and water intakes take it.\" data-sig-inst=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\" data-nduo-pane=\"sig\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span><b class=\"nx-nduo-ab\">A<\/b>Coupled risk across six sectors<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">10 \/ 15 relations<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sector signature hexagon: Water, Energy, Infrastructure, Health and Biodiversity selected, 10 of 15 relations in play, coupling 0.64. Teaching values.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-phex-apply nx-nsig-load\"><p class=\"nx-phex-aphd\"><span>Sectors \u00b7 <b class=\"nx-phex-apn\">Coastal storm surge<\/b><\/span><span>Stress<\/span><\/p><ol class=\"nx-phex-aps\"><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"0\" data-key=\"W\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">W<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Water<\/b> depends on infrastructure for pipes, dams and treatment works<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"4\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.36<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"1\" data-key=\"E\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">E<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Energy<\/b> depends on water for cooling water and hydropower<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"3\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.28<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"2\" data-key=\"I\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">I<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Infrastructure<\/b> first hit, then depends on energy for power for transport and telecoms<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.79<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap\" data-k=\"3\" data-key=\"F\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">F<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Food<\/b> outside this context<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">\u2013<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"4\" data-key=\"H\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">H<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Health<\/b> depends on water for drinking water and sanitation<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"4\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.37<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"5\" data-key=\"B\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">B<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Biodiversity<\/b> first hit, then depends on water for environmental flows<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.75<\/span><\/button><\/li><\/ol><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Illustrative: a teaching cascade over teaching values, not measurements.<\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"nx-nduo-bridge\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-nduo-bridge-l\">applied to<\/span><span class=\"nx-nduo-bridge-a\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><figure class=\"nx-nsig nx-phex nx-nduo-fig\" data-nx-phex=\"01234\" data-phex-ctx=\"whole\" data-phex=\"{&quot;S&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;L&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Experiments&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Turns open questions into designed experiments&quot;,&quot;Prototypes new methods, data pipelines and tools&quot;,&quot;Records failures and limits alongside results&quot;,&quot;Hands reproducible prototypes to the Foundry&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;F&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Builds&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Builds the cycle's software, data and environments&quot;,&quot;Simulates scenarios and runs benchmarks&quot;,&quot;Monitors hazards, systems and evidence&quot;,&quot;Develops and tracks the National Portfolio&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;U&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Convenes and tests&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/programmes\/nexus-universe\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/universe.nexus\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Sets the annual mandate and admits missions&quot;,&quot;Runs readiness, the controlled build and Action Week&quot;,&quot;Stands down temporary capacity and seals evidence&quot;,&quot;Reviews the year and renews the mandate&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;S&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Standards&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Nexus Standards&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Codify and correct&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Identifies every artefact with a UNI&quot;,&quot;Routes work to the standards that apply&quot;,&quot;Validates and monitors conformance evidence&quot;,&quot;Takes cycle findings as change proposals&quot;,&quot;Records national adoption&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;R&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Publishes&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-cycle\/publish\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes four editions a year, with Q4 as the annual flagship&quot;,&quot;Maintains country and regional profiles&quot;,&quot;Publishes exponential technology streams&quot;,&quot;Records corrections and method changes&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;academy&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;A&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Academy&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Risk Academy&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Teaches&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes a course for every system, standard and programme role&quot;,&quot;Assesses learning on real cycle tasks&quot;,&quot;Issues microcredentials and achievements through accountable issuers&quot;,&quot;Feeds qualified people into the next cycle&quot;]}],&quot;H&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F01&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision case&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F02&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Core Build Report and go or no-go evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F03&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F04&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F05&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;National Portfolio movement for chapter 11&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F06&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Method and correction findings as change proposals&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F07&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Docket items that need a standard or a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F08&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Composed mission profiles and national adoption records&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F09&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each adopted standard or profile becomes a course module&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F10&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F11&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Qualified participants for the next cycle's roles&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F12&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F13&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Validation and monitoring evidence for conformance review&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F14&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a learning-by-doing course&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R1&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Applied in editions&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R2&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Taught in the open&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R3&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:0,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Questions become experiments&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R4&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:0,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Tested prototypes are built&quot;}],&quot;PH&quot;:[[&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;Planning&quot;],[&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;Readiness preparation&quot;],[&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;Controlled build&quot;],[&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;Closeout&quot;],[&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;After-action review&quot;],[&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;Correction&quot;],[&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;Docket review&quot;],[&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;Renewal&quot;]],&quot;L&quot;:[[1,3],[1,2],[2,5],[2,4],[1,5,2],[1,4,3],[1,4,2],[1,2,3],[2,3,5],[1,5,2,3],[1,4,2,3],[1,3,5,2],[1,2,4,3],[2,4,3,5],[1,5,2,4,3],[1,4,3,5,2],[0,1,2,3,4,5]],&quot;CTX&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;whole&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;The whole programme&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3,4,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year's feedback loops.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;practice&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;From prototype to practice&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;A Labs prototype is built in the Foundry, tested in a Universe mission and codified as a standard.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;build-test&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Build and test&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;The Foundry builds what a mission needs; Universe returns the go or no-go evidence.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;conformance&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Conformance&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Validation evidence goes to Standards for review; composed profiles come back for the next build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;correction&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;A finding becomes a correction&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,4,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Observations are published, a method finding becomes a change proposal, the corrected profile returns to the build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mandate&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Setting the next mandate&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,4],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;After-action findings go into the editions; the Q4 synthesis informs next year's mandate.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;people&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;People for the next cycle&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence; qualified participants take roles in the next cycle.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;learning&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Learning by doing&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a course; learners join missions, and missions return to the Foundry.&quot;}],&quot;AP&quot;:{&quot;urban-flood&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;warn30&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;30%&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;less damage with 24 hours' warning of a storm or heatwave&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;With 24 hours' warning of a coming storm or heatwave&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Flood-depth nowcast from rain gauges and terrain&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Warning lead time&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;30%&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;City twin links substations, pumps and clinics to flood depth&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Lifelines modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Exercise: keep water and power running through a 1-in-100 flood&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours to restore&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared asset records so utilities exchange outage data&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Agencies sharing records&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;City flood profile of exposed lifelines&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Assets profiled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;I&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for utility and emergency operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Urban flood&quot;},&quot;hydropower&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Inflow forecasts and sediment models for the reservoir&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Forecast skill&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Basin twin trades power, flood storage and river 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qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WE&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Hydropower reservoir&quot;},&quot;drought&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[null,{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;adapt71&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;net benefits&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;From $1.8T invested in five adaptation areas from 2020 to 2030, water management among them&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;},null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;adapt71&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;net benefits&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;From $1.8T invested in five adaptation areas from 2020 to 2030, water management among them&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Drought index from rainfall, soil moisture and river flow&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Lead time to trigger&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WF&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Allocation model for irrigation, cooling and drinking water&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Demand met in drought&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Early-action exercise with water and agriculture ministries&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Days from trigger to action&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WF&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Trigger thresholds and records agencies can share&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Triggers adopted&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WF&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Seasonal drought outlook and food-price signals&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Outlooks issued&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for basin and food-security officers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Officers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WFB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Drought&quot;},&quot;heatwave&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[null,null,{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;heat&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;deaths avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Estimated after Ahmedabad's heat action plan, the first in South Asia&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Hess et al., J. Environ. Public Health, 2018&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7973519&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;heat&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;deaths avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Estimated after Ahmedabad's heat action plan, the first in South Asia&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Hess et al., J. Environ. Public Health, 2018&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7973519&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Heat-health thresholds from temperature and admissions&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Threshold accuracy&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;H&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Grid peak and river temperature model for the heat season&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Peak hours foreseen&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WE&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Heat action plan exercise with health and grid operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Alert-to-action hours&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared heat-alert levels and response records&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Agencies on one scale&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Heat season review of health and power outcomes&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Excess deaths tracked&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;H&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for health and utility planners&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Planners qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EHF&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Heatwave&quot;},&quot;blackout&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Cascade model of what fails when the grid does&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Dependencies mapped&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Twin of backup fuel, water treatment and cold chains&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours of autonomy&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Black-start exercise across utilities and hospitals&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours to restore&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Interdependency records shared by operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators sharing&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Lifeline resilience profile&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Outage hours a year&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course on interdependent infrastructure&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Grid blackout&quot;},&quot;pandemic&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;ghrf&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$60B+&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;expected losses a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Expected annual cost of pandemics, against about $4.5B a year to prepare&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/21891&quot;},null,null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;ghrf&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$60B+&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;expected losses a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Expected annual cost of pandemics, against about $4.5B a year to prepare&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/21891&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Workforce-absence scenarios for essential services&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Scenarios tested&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Continuity board for clinics, grid and logistics&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Services monitored&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Continuity exercise across health, energy and food&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Services kept running&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$60B+&quot;},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared surveillance and continuity records&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Days to share data&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;H&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;After-action findings on essential services&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Findings acted on&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for continuity managers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Managers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Pandemic&quot;},&quot;pollinator&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;pollin&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$235\u2013577B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;crop output at risk a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Annual global crop output that depends on animal pollination&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;IPBES, Assessment report on pollinators, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.ipbes.net\/assessment-reports\/pollinators&quot;},null,null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;pollin&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$235\u2013577B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;crop output at risk a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Annual global crop output that depends on animal pollination&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;IPBES, Assessment report on pollinators, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.ipbes.net\/assessment-reports\/pollinators&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Maps of pollinators and the yields that depend on them&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Area mapped&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$235\u2013577B&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Yield and diet-quality model by crop&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Crops modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Landscape mission with farmers and conservation agencies&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hectares in the mission&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Common biodiversity monitoring records&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Sites reporting&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;B&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Nature and nutrition profile&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Indicators tracked&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FHB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course on nature-dependent farming&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Advisers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Pollinator decline&quot;},&quot;storm-surge&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;mangrove&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$80B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;flood losses avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Coastal flood losses that mangroves already prevent worldwide&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Surge model with mangrove and dune buffers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Coast modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$80B&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Coastal twin of ports, substations and water intakes&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Assets in the twin&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Evacuation and port-recovery exercise&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Days to reopen port&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared records for coastal assets and defences&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Defences recorded&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Coastal risk profile, built and natural defences&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Coast profiled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for port and coastal managers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Managers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Coastal storm surge&quot;}}}\" data-phex-applied=\"storm-surge\" data-nduo-pane=\"phex\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span><b class=\"nx-nduo-ab\">B<\/b>Applied response across six pillars<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">12 \/ 18 handoffs<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"The six pillars of the Consortium's programme: 12 of 18 handoffs in play, 8 feedback loops closed.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-phex-apply\"><p class=\"nx-phex-aphd\"><span>Pillars \u00b7 <b class=\"nx-phex-apn\">Coastal storm surge<\/b><\/span><span>KPI<\/span><\/p><ol class=\"nx-phex-aps\"><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"0\" data-sec=\"IB\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">L<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Labs<\/b> Surge model with mangrove and dune buffers<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Coast modelled <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><em class=\"nx-phex-bench\">$80B<\/em><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"1\" data-sec=\"WEI\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">F<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Foundry<\/b> Coastal twin of ports, substations and water intakes<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Assets in the twin <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"2\" data-sec=\"IH\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">U<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Universe<\/b> Evacuation and port-recovery exercise<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Days to reopen port <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"lower is better\">\u2193<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"3\" data-sec=\"IB\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">S<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Standards<\/b> Shared records for coastal assets and defences<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Defences recorded <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"4\" data-sec=\"IB\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">R<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Reports<\/b> Coastal risk profile, built and natural defences<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Coast profiled <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><em class=\"nx-phex-bench\">$390B<\/em><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap\" data-k=\"5\" data-sec=\"IH\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">A<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Academy<\/b> Course for port and coastal managers<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Managers qualified <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><\/ol><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Illustrative applications; the values are published benchmarks, cited in the readout.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><p class=\"nx-nduo-legend\"><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k1\"><\/i>In this context<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k2\"><\/i>Dependence or handoff, heavier is stronger<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k3\"><\/i>Outside this context<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-nduo-tlw\" data-phex-for=\"nx-sec-nexus-phex\"><div class=\"nx-phex-phase nx-nduo-tl\" data-phex-tl=\"true\" hidden><p class=\"nx-phex-phh\"><span class=\"nx-phex-phk\">Programme year<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-pn\">All phases<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-phex-steps\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Phases of the programme year\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"play\">Play the year<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"allph\">All phases<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-read\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\" data-for=\"sig\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Context<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Coastal storm surge<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Mangroves and dunes absorb the surge; where they are gone, ports, substations and water intakes take it.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>W<\/span> \u00b7 <span>E<\/span> \u00b7 <span>I<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>H<\/span> \u00b7 <span>B<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Risk<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Sectors<\/dt><dd><strong>5<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Relations<\/dt><dd><strong>10<\/strong> <small>of 15<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coupling<\/dt><dd><strong>0.64<\/strong> <small>share of total<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><p class=\"nx-nduo-live\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-hint\">Hover a corner, a line or a row to trace it across both sides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"all\">Select all<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-sig-act=\"copy\">Copy brief<\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\" data-for=\"phex\"><div class=\"nx-phex-rhead\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Route<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Applied to coastal storm surge<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\"><\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code nx-phex-rhead\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>L<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>U<\/span> \u00b7 <span>S<\/span> \u00b7 <span>R<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">A<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Response<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Pillars<\/dt><dd><strong>5<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Handoffs<\/dt><dd><strong>12<\/strong> <small>of 18<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Loops<\/dt><dd><strong>8<\/strong> <small>closed<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Expected value<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nduo-vals\"><div><dt>What is at stake<\/dt><dd><strong>$390B<\/strong><span>a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries<\/span><small><a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">World Bank, Lifelines, 2019<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Return on resilience<\/dt><dd><strong>4 : 1<\/strong><span>benefit to cost<\/span><small><a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">World Bank, Lifelines, 2019<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Avoided loss<\/dt><dd><strong>$80B<\/strong><span>flood losses avoided a year<\/span><small><a href=\"https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-hint\">Hover a pillar, a line or a row to read how it is applied.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" data-phex-acts=\"true\" data-phex-acts-off=\"true\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"all\">Whole ring<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-phex-act=\"copy\">Copy route<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-note\">A: a teaching cascade (shock 0.6, gain 0.35, four rounds) over teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements. B: illustrative applications and the KPI each pillar answers for; values are published benchmarks, cited, not forecasts. Open events: NASA EONET, live.<\/p><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-nexus-couplings\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Across the domains<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The coast is where the domains meet the sea.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><ul class=\"nx-dir\" data-cols=\"2\" aria-label=\"Domain\"><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Water<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Saltwater intrusion and storm surge threaten coastal aquifers and drinking water.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/energy-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Energy<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Coastal power plants, ports and cables are exposed to surge and sea-level rise.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/food-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Food<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Fisheries and aquaculture supply food and income to coastal communities.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/health-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Health<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Harmful algal blooms and contaminated seafood are coastal health risks.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Biodiversity<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">How this field couples to it<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Mangroves, seagrass and reefs protect shores and nurture fisheries.<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-3\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-label=\"Methods and evidence, Reports, standards and contributions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Methods and evidence, Reports, standards and contributions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-audience\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Methods and evidence<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-and-contributions\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and evidence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How Oceans and Coasts is modelled, measured and tested.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"science\" data-au-n=\"2\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"eo-chain\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Earth observation chain<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">How a satellite or sensor record becomes evidence on Oceans and Coasts, and where each step adds uncertainty.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-au-chain\"><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">01 \u00b7 Acquire<\/span><span>orbit, sensor and revisit<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: gaps from cloud and orbit<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">02 \u00b7 Calibrate<\/span><span>radiometric and geometric<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: sensor drift<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">03 \u00b7 Correct<\/span><span>atmosphere and terrain<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: aerosol and slope assumptions<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">04 \u00b7 Retrieve or classify<\/span><span>the variable or the class<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: model and training error<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">05 \u00b7 Validate<\/span><span>against ground truth<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: sample design and size<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">06 \u00b7 Publish<\/span><span>with error bars and lineage<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: stated, never hidden<\/span><\/li><\/ol><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Processing chain in the CEOS Analysis Ready Data sense; each step records its uncertainty before a figure is drawn. A generic structure, not results.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"uncertainty-band\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Uncertainty bands<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">How far the outlook for Oceans and Coasts could spread, shown as ranges rather than a single line.<\/p><div class=\"nx-au-fig\"><svg class=\"nx-au-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 560 240\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Central estimate with likely and very likely ranges for Oceans and Coasts\" focusable=\"false\"><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"46\" y1=\"206\" x2=\"544\" y2=\"206\"\/><line class=\"nx-au-ax\" x1=\"46\" y1=\"18\" x2=\"46\" y2=\"206\"\/><path class=\"nx-au-band nx-au-band-w\" d=\"M46 142.1l83-18.8 83-18.8 83-22.6 83-20.7 83-18.8 83-18.8 0 124.1-83 0-83 0-83 1.9-83 3.8-83 0-83 3.7z\"\/><path class=\"nx-au-band\" d=\"M46 145.8l83-15 83-13.2 83-16.9 83-15 83-13.2 83-13.1 0 52.6-83 5.6-83 5.7-83 7.5-83 9.4-83 5.6-83 7.6z\"\/><path class=\"nx-au-ac\" d=\"M46 149.6l83-11.3 83-9.4 83-13.1 83-11.3 83-9.4 83-9.4\"\/><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"46\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">Now<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"129\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+5<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"212\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+10<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"295\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+15<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"378\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+20<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"461\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+25<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"544\" y=\"222\" text-anchor=\"middle\">+30 y<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"40\" y=\"36.8\" text-anchor=\"end\">high<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"40\" y=\"187.2\" text-anchor=\"end\">low<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"540\" y=\"17.64\" text-anchor=\"end\">very likely range<\/text><text class=\"nx-au-t\" x=\"540\" y=\"73.36\" text-anchor=\"end\">likely range<\/text><\/svg><\/div><dl class=\"nx-au-kv\"><div><dt>Central estimate<\/dt><dd>median of the ensemble<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Ranges<\/dt><dd>likely and very likely, in IPCC calibrated language<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Ensemble<\/dt><dd>members, scenarios and initial conditions stated<\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Read with<\/dt><dd>the sensitivity of the result to each input<\/dd><\/div><\/dl><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Illustrative ensemble spread on an index scale; the form follows IPCC uncertainty guidance. Not a projection.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">FAIR guiding principles \u00b7 GO FAIR and FORCE11<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">W3C PROV \u00b7 World Wide Web Consortium<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Guidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties \u00b7 IPCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">CEOS Analysis Ready Data \u00b7 Committee on Earth Observation Satellites<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-reports-and-contributions\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports, standards and contributions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where ocean evidence goes.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">Coastal and ocean analyses are designed for the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/series\/regional-systems\/\">Regional Systems series<\/a>. Ocean observations would keep their GOOS and data-centre provenance under the proposed <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/ecosystem\/standards\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a>.<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Ocean observers can share data through OBIS and GOOS channels.<\/li><li>Fishing communities can share local knowledge with consent.<\/li><li>Port authorities can share disruption records.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-geography\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Ocean state in Pacific Island states.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Marine heat, chlorophyll and sea temperature over Pacific Island states, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"pacific-islands:oceans\" data-ml-feeds=\"eonet|https:\/\/eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/v3\/events\" data-ml-src=\"oceans\" data-ml-plan=\"p-7059c88e\" data-ml-relief=\"1.3\" data-ml-chart=\"f.marine\" data-ml-view=\"3d\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:oceans\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.biodiversity.ssta gibs.biodiversity.chl gibs.biodiversity.sst gibs.water.true gibs.food.cover gibs.biodiversity.evi ev.eonet r.pace r.dist r.hls f.marine gx.nhc f.ens r.goese\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect measure compare aoi export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-oceans\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-oceans\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"150,-24,190,0\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"Ocean state, Pacific Island states: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"ssta||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Marine heat<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"chl||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Plankton (chlorophyll)<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"sst||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Sea temperature<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"true||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">True colour<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">3<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">Ocean state, for this page<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"ssta\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Marine heat (anomaly)\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA JPL PO.DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite analysis\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Sea surface temperature anomaly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA JPL PO.DAAC GHRSST MUR25 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ssta\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"\u00b0C\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"ssta\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.biodiversity.ssta\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>GHRSST MUR25 (NASA JPL PO.DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA JPL PO.DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite analysis<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite analysis of how far sea temperature departs from its usual value for the date shown; a marine heat indicator, not a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.coral-bleaching\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Corals expelling their algal partners under heat stress, turning white and often dying, with loss of reef fisheries and shore protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\">coral bleaching<\/a> alert.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"chl\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.9\" data-wm-short=\"Chlorophyll-a\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA OB.DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite retrieval; clouds and sun glint leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Ocean chlorophyll-a concentration<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA OB.DAAC MODIS Aqua ocean colour \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"chl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"mg\/m\u00b3\">Observed (clouds and sun glint leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"chl\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.biodiversity.chl\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds and sun glint leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Aqua ocean colour (NASA OB.DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA OB.DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite retrieval; clouds and sun glint leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-13<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite estimate of chlorophyll-a near the sea surface on the day shown, an indicator of plankton and ocean productivity; not a measure of fish stocks or harmful blooms.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"sst\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Sea temperature\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA JPL PO.DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite analysis\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Sea surface temperature<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA JPL PO.DAAC GHRSST MUR \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"sst\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"\u00b0C\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"sst\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.biodiversity.sst\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>GHRSST MUR (NASA JPL PO.DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA JPL PO.DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite analysis<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Gap-filled satellite analysis of sea surface temperature for the date shown; not a reef or species condition report.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"4\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.6\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite image\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">True colour<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"true\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.true\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite image<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"cover\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"24\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.7\" data-wm-short=\"Land cover\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land cover type (IGBP), yearly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"class\">Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"cover\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.cover\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2024-01-01<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"evi\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"25\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Vegetation (EVI)\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite index; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Enhanced vegetation index, rolling 8 days<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE MODIS Terra EVI \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"evi\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"EVI\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"evi\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.biodiversity.evi\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra EVI (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite index; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-13<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite vegetation index for the 8 days to the date shown, a habitat condition indicator; not a measure of species or biodiversity.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" aria-label=\"Map controls\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-open\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-panel\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Layers\" title=\"Layers\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2.5l-6.5 3.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5zm-6.5 6.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5m-13 2.8 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"tools\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" title=\"Expert tools\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 4.5l10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-7.5-8.5 0 3m5 .5 0 3m-3.5.5 0 3\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-sep\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"in\" aria-label=\"Zoom in\" title=\"Zoom in\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" 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viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M2.5 6l0-3.5 3.5 0m7.5 3.5 0-3.5-3.5 0m-7.5 7.5 0 3.5 3.5 0m7.5-3.5 0 3.5-3.5 0\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-menu\" id=\"nx-wm-menu\" role=\"menu\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"inspect\">Inspect a point<kbd>I<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"measure\">Measure distance<kbd>M<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"compare\">Compare two dates<kbd>C<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"share\">Copy a link to this view<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"png\">Export as PNG with credits<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"xt\" data-wm-xt=\"NxAjSJ6JoGGZsXu22d+kvA4nR9AJ6Njy+\/Xy2FIyELw=\">More expert tools<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\">Keyboard shortcuts<kbd>?<\/kbd><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-keys\" role=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Keyboard shortcuts\" hidden><p class=\"nx-wm-keys-title\">Keyboard, with the map focused<\/p><dl class=\"nx-wm-keys-list\"><\/dl><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-keys-close\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\" aria-label=\"Close the shortcuts\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-hint\" hidden>Hold Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll to zoom<\/p><p class=\"nx-wm-toolbar\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-tip\" role=\"tooltip\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin\" hidden><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-pin-title\"><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"unpin\" aria-label=\"Close the card\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-chart\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-body\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-dock\"><div class=\"nx-wm-time\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Imagery date\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"prev\" aria-label=\"One day earlier\">\u2039<\/button><p class=\"nx-wm-time-label\">Latest available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Ocean state, framed on Pacific Island states.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET \u00b7 NASA PACE OCI \u00b7 NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.water-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.podaac.ghrsst-mur\">GHRSST Level 4 MUR analyses, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; distributed by the NASA Physical Oceanography DAAC (PO.DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.obdaac.ocean-color\">MODIS Aqua ocean colour, NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group; distributed by the NASA Ocean Biology DAAC (OB.DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.modis-viirs.land\">MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li><\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA PACE OCI. We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https:\/\/open-meteo.com\/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/).<\/li><li>Optional layers (10 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Sea surface temperature anomaly: GHRSST MUR25, NASA JPL PO.DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ssta\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Ocean chlorophyll-a concentration: MODIS Aqua ocean colour, NASA OB.DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"chl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Sea surface temperature: GHRSST MUR, NASA JPL PO.DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"sst\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/li><li>Enhanced vegetation index, rolling 8 days: MODIS Terra EVI, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"evi\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-4\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-label=\"The problem, What the platform does, Foundation and counterparts, Grounding\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"The problem, What the platform does, Foundation and counterparts, Grounding\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-the-problem\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">The problem<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-what-the-platform-does\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">What the platform does<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-foundation-and-counterparts\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Foundation and counterparts<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-4-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-grounding\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Grounding<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-the-problem\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The problem<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Why coastal risk cascades.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">The ocean absorbs most of the excess heat trapped by greenhouse gases and a large share of the carbon dioxide emitted by human activity. Two consequences reach the coast directly. Sea level rises as water warms and expands and as glaciers and ice sheets lose mass, and the ocean becomes warmer, more acidic and, in many regions, lower in oxygen. <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">Sea-level rise<\/a> is not uniform: ocean circulation, gravitational effects of ice loss and vertical land motion, including subsidence in many deltas and coastal cities, make local change differ from the global mean.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">Coastal hazards compound. A <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.storm-surge\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Sea level pushed above the tide by storm wind and low pressure, flooding the coast.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">storm surge<\/a> on a higher baseline floods further inland; heavy rainfall cannot drain when the sea is high; saltwater intrudes into aquifers and farmland. Natural defences such as mangroves, salt marshes, seagrass meadows and coral reefs reduce wave energy, but they are themselves under stress from heat, sediment starvation and development. When they degrade, exposure rises at the same time as fisheries decline.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">The consequences travel inland and overseas. Ports handle most of world trade by volume, and a closure ripples through supply chains, fuel supply and food imports. Small island states depend on a few harbours, airports and power stations, all on the coast. Fishing communities lose income when stocks shift with warming water. Coastal risk is therefore a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> problem, and no single discipline can describe it alone.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-what-the-platform-does\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">What the platform does<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Interdisciplinary marine evidence, for those who plan and decide.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The platform brings marine observation, coastal inundation science and fisheries and habitat evidence together under shared methods, so that a planner, a port engineer and a fisheries scientist can work from the same picture with its uncertainty stated.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M14.106 5.553a2 2 0 0 0 1.788 0l3.659-1.83A1 1 0 0 1 21 4.619v12.764a1 1 0 0 1-.553.894l-4.553 2.277a2 2 0 0 1-1.788 0l-4.212-2.106a2 2 0 0 0-1.788 0l-3.659 1.83A1 1 0 0 1 3 19.381V6.618a1 1 0 0 1 .553-.894l4.553-2.277a2 2 0 0 1 1.788 0z\"\/><path d=\"M15 5.76v15\"\/><path d=\"M9 3.24v15\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Coastal risk atlas methods<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Open methods for mapping exposure to sea level, surge and erosion, designed to be reused and checked.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M15 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7Z\"\/><path d=\"M14 2v4a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h4\"\/><path d=\"M10 9H8\"\/><path d=\"M16 13H8\"\/><path d=\"M16 17H8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Briefs<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Marine dependency briefs<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Evidence on how ports, fisheries, energy and settlements depend on coastal and marine <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M10 2v7.527a2 2 0 0 1-.211.896L4.72 20.55a1 1 0 0 0 .9 1.45h12.76a1 1 0 0 0 .9-1.45l-5.069-10.127A2 2 0 0 1 14 9.527V2\"\/><path d=\"M8.5 2h7\"\/><path d=\"M7 16h10\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Cases<\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Research cases<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Documented studies of places and events, with sources, methods and limits.<\/p><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">GCRI is a research, development and policy institution. It does not regulate, certify, license or approve, and its findings carry their methods and uncertainty. Coastal decisions remain with competent authorities and communities.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-foundation-and-counterparts\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-14\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">15<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Foundation and counterparts<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Grounded in STEM, connected across three institutions.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\">The platform stewards <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/stem\/ocean-science\/\">ocean and coastal science<\/a> in the STEM Commons and applies Earth observation and remote sensing, extreme value theory and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 tail-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Risk from outcomes at the far end of a distribution, which are rare but carry very large consequences and often dominate total expected harm.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">tail risk<\/a>, ecology and biodiversity science, geospatial information <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a>, Earth and geophysical science and water and environmental engineering. It sits in three fields, <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/fields\/oceans\/\">oceans and coasts<\/a>, climate and hazards and biodiversity and nature.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">The same questions are governed and financed elsewhere in the Consortium. The Global Risks Forum (GRF) convenes ocean and land governance through <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/climate-nature-governance\/\">Climate and Nature Governance<\/a>. The Global Risks Alliance (GRA) builds shared industry understanding of coastal loss through <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/reinsurance-catastrophe\/\">Reinsurance and Catastrophe<\/a> and Climate and Nature Financial Risk. Within GCRI, the platform works closely with <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/biodiversity-nexus\/\">Biodiversity Nexus<\/a> and Climate and Hazards. Foundry systems EOP, EWS and The Global Risks Index (<a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s6\" data-tc=\"NXS-GRX\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Canonical data, provenance and risk\" data-ts=\"NRS-S6\">NXS-GRX<\/a>) are named on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/foundry\/\">its Foundry page<\/a>, and the <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/universe\">Universe<\/a> theme <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.coastal-flood\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Seawater overtopping or breaching the shoreline and flooding land, from surge, waves, high tides or a raised sea level.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">coastal flood<\/a> and port continuity tests the evidence in an exercise setting.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-grounding\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-15\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-4-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">16<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Grounding<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-15\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Built on named science, technology, engineering and mathematics.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Every claim on Oceans and Coasts rests on methods with a canonical page in the STEM Commons, so readers can see what a finding depends on and where its limits lie.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Ocean and coastal science<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Earth observation and remote sensing<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Extreme value theory and tail risk<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Ecology and biodiversity science<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Geospatial information systems<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Earth and geophysical science<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Water and environmental engineering<\/span><\/div><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-3\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/stem\/\">See the STEM foundation of Oceans and Coasts<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-5\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-label=\"Cycle, Six pillars, Frameworks, Consortium\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Cycle, Six pillars, Frameworks, Consortium\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-cycle\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Cycle<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pillars\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Six pillars<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-frameworks\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Frameworks<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-5-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-consortium\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Consortium<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-cycle\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-16\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">17<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Cycle<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-16\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How work moves in this field.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">A question becomes evidence, a governed build, an organised community, a controlled test, a reviewed publication and, finally, a decision taken by the competent authority under its own rules.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cycle-lanes\"><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Question<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> National, regional or institutional priority. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/programmes\/\">Question in Oceans and Coasts<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Evidence<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> STEM foundation of the platform. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/stem\/\">Evidence in Oceans and Coasts<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Build<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Foundry<\/span> Foundry. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/foundry\/\">Build in Oceans and Coasts<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Organise<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/organization\/architecture\/ii.-definitions\/i.-nexus-ecosystem\" data-tc=\"Nexus Ecosystem\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The whole of the institutions, pillars, systems and communities\">Nexus ecosystem<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/community\/\">Organise in Oceans and Coasts<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Test<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Universe (independent site). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/universe\/\">Test in Oceans and Coasts<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Publish<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a><\/span> Reports. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/reports\/\">Publish in Oceans and Coasts<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"authority\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Decide<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Competent authority<\/span> Competent authorities and institutions, through <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s18\" data-tc=\"NXS-RLS\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Participants, agreements and handoffs\" data-ts=\"NRS-S18\">NXS-RLS (participants, agreements and handoffs)<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/trust\/\">Decide in Oceans and Coasts<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><strong>Renew<\/strong> <span class=\"nx-pl-in\">Universe<\/span> Corrections and the next annual agenda. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/programmes\/\">Renew in Oceans and Coasts<\/a><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Each step of the cycle in the pillar it runs in; the decision stays with the competent authority, outside the programme.<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-pl-legend\" aria-label=\"Pillars\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">Universe<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">Risk Academy<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"authority\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>Competent authority (outside the programme)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-pillars\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-17\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">18<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Six pillars<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-17\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How this works across the six pillars.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Oceans and Coasts works through six pillars of one annual programme, led by the Nexus Consortium, with GCRI, GRF and GRA each contributing in its role: explore, experiment and prototype in <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/labs\" data-tc=\"Labs\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The research pillar of the programme, one of six (OR-11, OR-12)\">Labs<\/a>, build, simulate and prepare in Foundry, convene and test in Universe, codify, correct and apply in <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a>, publish in every format in Reports, teach in the open in Risk Academy.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-pl-ring nx-canvas-wrap\" data-pl-hex=\"true\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig nx-phex\" data-nx-phex=\"012345\" data-phex-ctx=\"whole\" data-phex=\"{&quot;S&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;L&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Experiments&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Turns open questions into designed experiments&quot;,&quot;Prototypes new methods, data pipelines and tools&quot;,&quot;Records failures and limits alongside results&quot;,&quot;Hands reproducible prototypes to the Foundry&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;F&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Builds&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/foundry\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Builds the cycle's software, data and environments&quot;,&quot;Simulates scenarios and runs benchmarks&quot;,&quot;Monitors hazards, systems and evidence&quot;,&quot;Develops and tracks the National Portfolio&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;U&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Convenes and tests&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/universe\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/universe.nexus\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Sets the annual mandate and admits missions&quot;,&quot;Runs readiness, the controlled build and Action Week&quot;,&quot;Stands down temporary capacity and seals evidence&quot;,&quot;Reviews the year and renews the mandate&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;S&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Standards&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Nexus Standards&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Codify and correct&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Identifies every artefact with a UNI&quot;,&quot;Routes work to the standards that apply&quot;,&quot;Validates and monitors conformance evidence&quot;,&quot;Takes cycle findings as change proposals&quot;,&quot;Records national adoption&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;R&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Publishes&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/reports\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes four editions a year, with Q4 as the annual flagship&quot;,&quot;Maintains country and regional profiles&quot;,&quot;Publishes exponential technology streams&quot;,&quot;Records corrections and method changes&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;academy&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;A&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Academy&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Risk Academy&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Teaches&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes a course for every system, standard and programme role&quot;,&quot;Assesses learning on real cycle tasks&quot;,&quot;Issues microcredentials and achievements through accountable issuers&quot;,&quot;Feeds qualified people into the next cycle&quot;]}],&quot;H&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F01&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision case&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F02&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Core Build Report and go or no-go evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F03&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F04&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F05&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;National Portfolio movement for chapter 11&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F06&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Method and correction findings as change proposals&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F07&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Docket items that need a standard or a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F08&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Composed mission profiles and national adoption records&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F09&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each adopted standard or profile becomes a course module&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F10&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F11&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Qualified participants for the next cycle's roles&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F12&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F13&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Validation and monitoring evidence for conformance review&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F14&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a learning-by-doing course&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R1&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Applied in editions&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R2&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Taught in the open&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R3&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:0,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Questions become experiments&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R4&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:0,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Tested prototypes are built&quot;}],&quot;PH&quot;:[[&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;Planning&quot;],[&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;Readiness preparation&quot;],[&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;Controlled build&quot;],[&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;Closeout&quot;],[&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;After-action review&quot;],[&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;Correction&quot;],[&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;Docket review&quot;],[&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;Renewal&quot;]],&quot;L&quot;:[[1,3],[1,2],[2,5],[2,4],[1,5,2],[1,4,3],[1,4,2],[1,2,3],[2,3,5],[1,5,2,3],[1,4,2,3],[1,3,5,2],[1,2,4,3],[2,4,3,5],[1,5,2,4,3],[1,4,3,5,2],[0,1,2,3,4,5]],&quot;CTX&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;whole&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;The whole programme&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3,4,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year's feedback loops.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;practice&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;From prototype to practice&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;A Labs prototype is built in the Foundry, tested in a Universe mission and codified as a standard.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;build-test&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Build and test&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;The Foundry builds what a mission needs; Universe returns the go or no-go evidence.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;conformance&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Conformance&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Validation evidence goes to Standards for review; composed profiles come back for the next build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;correction&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;A finding becomes a correction&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,4,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Observations are published, a method finding becomes a change proposal, the corrected profile returns to the build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mandate&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Setting the next mandate&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,4],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;After-action findings go into the editions; the Q4 synthesis informs next year's mandate.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;people&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;People for the next cycle&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence; qualified participants take roles in the next cycle.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;learning&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Learning by doing&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a course; learners join missions, and missions return to the Foundry.&quot;}]}\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-plate\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Routes through the programme\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span>Select pillars \u00b7 hover lines<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">18 \/ 18 handoffs<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"The six pillars of the Consortium's programme: 18 of 18 handoffs in play, 17 feedback loops closed.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><p class=\"nx-phex-legend\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span><i class=\"nx-phex-k1\"><\/i>handoff in play<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-phex-k2\"><\/i>recorded handoff<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-phex-k3\"><\/i>no direct handoff<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-phex-phase\" hidden><p class=\"nx-phex-phh\"><span class=\"nx-phex-phk\">Programme year<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-pn\">All phases<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-phex-steps\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Phases of the programme year\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"play\">Play the year<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"allph\">All phases<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Route<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">The whole programme<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year&#8217;s feedback loops.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>L<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>U<\/span> \u00b7 <span>S<\/span> \u00b7 <span>R<\/span> \u00b7 <span>A<\/span><\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Pillars<\/dt><dd><strong>6<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Handoffs<\/dt><dd><strong>18<\/strong> <small>of 18<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Loops<\/dt><dd><strong>17<\/strong> <small>closed<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><h3 class=\"nx-nsig-dh\">Handoffs in play<\/h3><ul class=\"nx-nsig-rel nx-phex-rel\"><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F01<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Universe \u2192 Foundry<\/b> \u00b7 Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision case<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">Readiness preparation<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F02<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Foundry \u2192 Universe<\/b> \u00b7 Core Build Report and go or no-go evidence<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">Controlled build<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F03<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Foundry \u2192 Reports<\/b> \u00b7 Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">Closeout<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-phex-h\"><span class=\"nx-phex-id\">F04<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-rt\"><b>Universe \u2192 Reports<\/b> \u00b7 After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-ph\">After-action review<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-nsig-hint\">and 14 more<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" data-phex-acts=\"true\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"all\">Whole ring<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-phex-act=\"copy\">Copy route<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">F01 to F14 are the recorded handoffs of the programme year, each with the artefact that moves and its phase; R1, R2, R3 and R4 carry work around the ring. A loop counts when every pillar on it is selected. Every pillar is led by the Nexus Consortium.<\/figcaption><\/figure><ol class=\"nx-pl-list\"><li data-pillar=\"labs\" data-hue=\"social\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Labs<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where questions become experiments and prototypes: new methods, data and tools are tried in the open, with their limits on record, before the Foundry builds them, under the Nexus Consortium.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/\">Labs<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"foundry\" data-hue=\"infrastructure\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Foundry<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where methods, data and models become reproducible builds, each run with its inputs, version and limits on record.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/foundry\/\">Oceans and Coasts in Foundry<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/\">Foundry<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"universe\" data-hue=\"water\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Universe<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where a build is tested under controlled conditions with independent evaluators, so a method&#8217;s skill is measured, not assumed.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/universe\/\">Oceans and Coasts in Universe<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/universe.nexus\/\">universe.nexus<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"standards\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where methods, identifiers and data schemas are codified in the open and corrected when a test finds a fault.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/\">Climate and Earth Systems in Standards<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">nexustandards.com<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"reports\" data-hue=\"energy\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where findings are published with their method, uncertainty and evidence class, and corrected as new versions.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/reports\/\">Oceans and Coasts in Reports<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/\">Reports<\/a><\/li><li data-pillar=\"academy\" data-hue=\"risk\"><span class=\"nx-pl-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-name\">Risk Academy<\/span><span class=\"nx-pl-role\">Where methods and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> are taught on real data and real places, by working the case, on Risk Academy.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/\">Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences in Academy<\/a><a class=\"nx-link nx-pl-home\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/\">risksacademy.com<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-frameworks\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-18\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">19<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Frameworks<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-18\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What the work is read against.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The platform does not set standards. It reads its evidence against the frameworks that competent bodies have adopted, so a finding can be placed where a decision-maker already works.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"register\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Framework or standard<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Body<\/th><th scope=\"col\">What it sets<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">United Nations<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">The legal framework for maritime zones, navigation, resources and protection of the marine environment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Agreement on Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">United Nations, under UNCLOS<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Rules for marine genetic resources, area-based management, impact assessment and capacity in the high seas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">Intergovernmental Panel on <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 climate-change\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"A change in the state of the climate that persists for decades or longer, identified by shifts in averages and variability; in current practice, mainly the change driven by human emissions.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">Climate Change<\/a><\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Assessed science on <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">sea-level rise<\/a>, ocean warming, acidification and coastal risk<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">Convention on Biological Diversity<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Global targets including protection and restoration of marine and coastal areas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Global Ocean Observing System Essential Ocean Variables<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">GOOS, led by IOC-UNESCO<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">The variables and requirements for sustained ocean observation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and the Port State Measures Agreement<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Principles for sustainable fisheries and port controls against illegal fishing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">MARPOL Convention<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">International Maritime Organization<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Rules to prevent pollution from ships by oil, chemicals, sewage, garbage and air emissions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">World Trade Organization<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Disciplines on subsidies to illegal fishing, overfished stocks and unregulated high seas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Framework or standard\">Sustainable Development Goal 14<\/td><td data-label=\"Body\">United Nations<\/td><td data-label=\"What it sets\">Targets and indicators for conserving and sustainably using the oceans, seas and marine resources<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-consortium\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-19\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-5-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">20<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Consortium<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-19\" class=\"nx-section-title\">The same field, seen three ways.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">GCRI studies a field as science, GRF governs it and GRA builds shared financial understanding of it. Oceans and Coasts links to its counterparts so that work on one side is visible on the others.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><ul class=\"nx-dir\" data-cols=\"3\" aria-label=\"Platform\"><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/diplomacy\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Diplomacy Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRF<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Climate and hazards<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskforum.com\/climate-nature-governance\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Climate and Nature Governance<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRF<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Climate and hazards, Biodiversity and nature<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/insurance-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Insurance Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRA<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Climate and hazards<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/banking-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Banking Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRA<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Climate and hazards<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/asset-management-nexus\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Asset Management Nexus<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRA<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Climate and hazards, Biodiversity and nature<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/reinsurance-catastrophe\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Reinsurance and Catastrophe<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRA<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Climate and hazards<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dir-row\" href=\"https:\/\/globalriskalliance.com\/climate-nature-financial-risk\/\"><span class=\"nx-dir-name\">Climate and Nature Financial Risk<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Institution<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">GRA<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-fact\"><span class=\"nx-dir-k\">Shared field<\/span><span class=\"nx-dir-v\">Climate and hazards, Biodiversity and nature<\/span><\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-6\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-label=\"Sources, Pages, Questions\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Sources, Pages, Questions\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-6-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Sources<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-6-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-21-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Pages<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-6-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-22-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Questions<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-pg-sources\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-20\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-6-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">21<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-20\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page&#8217;s references lead.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The bodies and documents this page is read against. Status and editions change; each link goes to the issuing body.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/depts\/los\/convention_agreements\/convention_overview_convention.htm\"><span>United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/srocc\/\"><span>IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (IPCC, 2019)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/port-state-measures\/en\/\"><span>Agreement on Port State Measures (FAO, 2009; in force 2016)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/goosocean.org\/\"><span>Global Ocean Observing System, Essential Ocean Variables (GOOS)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\"><span>Nexus Standards, the proposed NS series (nexustandards.com)<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-21-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-21\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-6-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">22<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Pages<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-21\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Pages in Oceans and Coasts.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cards\" data-cols=\"3\"><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/about\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Mandate and publisher<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/field\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Field overview<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/research\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Research and evidence<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/innovation\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Innovation and practical technology<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/programmes\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Programmes and projects<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/tools\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Data and technical methods<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/community\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Specialist community<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/learning\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Learning and professional development<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/events\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Events and technical dialogues<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/publications\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Research and publications<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/participate\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Participation paths<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Contact the specialist team<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/trust\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Trust, rights and status<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/stem\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">STEM foundation of Oceans and Coasts<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/cycle\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">How work moves in this field<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/foundry\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Build in Foundry<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/universe\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Test in Universe<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/reports\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Publish in Reports<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/counterparts\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">The same field across the Consortium<\/h3><\/a><a class=\"nx-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/topics\/\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Page<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Topics<\/h3><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-22-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-22\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-6-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">23<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-22\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>Who publishes Oceans and Coasts?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation (GCRI) publishes Oceans and Coasts and is responsible for what it publishes. GCRI is a research, development and policy institution. It is not a regulator, and it does not certify, license or approve; its findings carry their methods and uncertainty.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is Oceans and Coasts active?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Oceans and Coasts is an established platform of The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation. Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How can I contribute?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Start with <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/participate\/\">the participation paths<\/a> or write to the contact form. An enquiry receives a reference; it does not create membership, a role or an assignment.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Where are findings published?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Reviewed outputs appear on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/publications\/\">the publications page<\/a>, and contributions to the Reports series are listed on Publish in Reports.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which values on this platform are real?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Indicator names, units, sources, methods and frameworks are real. Levels in figures and canvases are examples in a design. A programme replaces them with labelled evidence it owns.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How do I report an error?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Use <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/trust\/corrections\/\">corrections and concerns<\/a>, or write to the integrity concern form. A correction is recorded as a new version, never a silent edit.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is the platform operating?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">It is an established platform. Information and enquiries are open today, and no atlas, brief or case is published until it has passed review.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does the platform issue coastal flood warnings?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">No. Authority warnings come from national meteorological, hydrological and civil protection authorities. The platform studies hazards and methods; it does not issue warnings or advice to the public in an emergency.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Reports is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Oceans and Coasts<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Sector Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Observatory Signal<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/oceans-coasts#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scn-h-g-p07\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">How it works<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-scn-h-g-p07\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">How Oceans and Coasts works.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede nx-mt-2\">Choose a view and press Play to follow the platform&#8217;s process, its programme year, the standards it applies and how its findings are published. The outline shows how the work is designed to run, not the status of any decision.<\/p><div class=\"nx-mt-3\"><div class=\"nx-pe\" id=\"nx-pe-g-p07\" data-nx-pe=\"nx-pe-g-p07\" data-active=\"platforms\"><div class=\"nx-pe-shell\"><p class=\"nx-pe-eb\">Oceans and Coasts<\/p><h2 class=\"nx-pe-title\">How Oceans and Coasts works<\/h2><p class=\"nx-pe-others\"><span aria-current=\"true\">Platforms<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Programme year<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Standards<\/span> \u00b7 <span>Reports<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-pe-cap\">A platform joins a field to named methods, labelled evidence and the outputs it publishes, without becoming the authority it serves.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pe-steps\"><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">01 Scope<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Field and families<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Start \u00b7 The platform lead<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The home states the field, its families and who it serves.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Topic dossiers<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 Platform authors<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Topics explain the subject with labelled evidence.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">02 Evidence<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Evidence labels<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Each value is labelled: observed, published statistics, estimated, modelled, scenario or unknown.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Methods<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 Method owners<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Methods come from the STEM Commons, each with one canonical page.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">03 Work<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Scenarios on the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a><\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Model \u00b7 Foundry pillar<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Scenarios run on the Nexus systems, labelled as scenario.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Standards that apply<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The platform names the standards that apply. A validator report is evidence for review.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">04 Publish<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Editions<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Findings are published through Reports with their limits.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Authority decides<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Outcome \u00b7 The competent authority<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Decisions and execution stay with the government, operator or licensed institution.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-pe-foot\"><span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Oceans and Coasts home<\/a> \u00b7 Platforms \u00b7 Shared methods<\/span><span>An outline of how the work is designed to run; it does not report the status of any decision or record.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-oceans-coasts\" data-nx-takepart=\"GCRI\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Take part<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-h\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Take part in Oceans and Coasts.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede nx-mt-2\">Start from who you are. Answer an open call. Or form and lead a competence cell on the Oceans and Coasts platform.<\/p><div class=\"nx-mt-3\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"routes\"><div class=\"nx-tablist\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Ways to take part\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-tab-routes\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-panel-routes\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"routes\">Routes<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-tab-calls\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-panel-calls\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"calls\">Open calls<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-tab-cell\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-panel-cell\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"cell\">Cells and CERTs<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-tab-index\" aria-controls=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-panel-index\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"index\">The Index<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-panel-routes\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-tab-routes\"><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"3\"><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">National institutions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Ministries, statistics offices and agencies: a national desk and chapter, and a seat in the working groups. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/national-chapters\/\">National chapters<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Sectors and professions<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Operators, regulators, banks, insurers and professional bodies whose work touches Oceans and Coasts. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/participate\/\">Participate<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Learning<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Courses and practice, with a record of every course completed. Free to study. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/open-learning\/\">Open learning<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Standards<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Draft, review and adopt the methods and data standards with the working groups. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/working-groups\/\">Working groups<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Route<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Communities and research<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Universities, civil society and individual experts: projects, data and review. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/contact\/\">Write to the team<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-panel-calls\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-tab-calls\" hidden><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-nx-calls=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Open call<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Seeks<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Closes<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-closes=\"2026-12-15\"><td>Founding call for experts to the working groups <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-FOUNDING-EXPERTS<\/span><\/td><td>expert, editor, chair<\/td><td>2026-12-15<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2026-12-01\"><td>Open nomination for the three independent expert seats of the Global Standards Council <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-GSC-IND<\/span><\/td><td>council-member<\/td><td>2026-12-01<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2026-12-15\"><td>Nominations of interim regional members (applies only if the transitional provision is decided) <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-GSC-REG<\/span><\/td><td>council-member<\/td><td>2026-12-15<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-01-31\"><td>Review of the wave-1 risk core outlines (C1, C2, C3, C4, C8, C10, C11) <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-REVIEW-WAVE1<\/span><\/td><td>contributor<\/td><td>2027-01-31<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-01-31\"><td>Experts for the core standards of risk science: uncertainty and evidence grading, scales, structured expert judgement, tolerability, extremes and compound events, catastrophic and existential risk, ethics and equity, units and measurement (NRS-C17 to NRS-C24) <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-CORE-SCIENCE<\/span><\/td><td>expert, editor, chair<\/td><td>2027-01-31<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-03-31\"><td>Independent reviewers for the families of the hazard atlas, three from at least two regions for each family (NHS2-R19), priority families first <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-ATLAS-REVIEW<\/span><\/td><td>expert<\/td><td>2027-03-31<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2026-11-30\"><td>Members of the interim Frontier Safety Review Panel and red-team reviewers (biosafety and biosecurity, AI safety and security, critical-infrastructure security); applications treated in confidence <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-FRONTIER-SAFETY-REVIEW<\/span><\/td><td>expert<\/td><td>2026-11-30<\/td><\/tr><tr data-closes=\"2027-01-31\"><td>Experts in ontology, metrology, software verification and conformity assessment for the requirement register, the NHS-2 machine representation, the conformance test suites and the conformity assessment scheme <span class=\"nx-chip\">CALL-CONFORMANCE-ONTOLOGY<\/span><\/td><td>expert, editor<\/td><td>2027-01-31<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note\">Calls past their closing date are hidden automatically. Every call, proposal and route: <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/open-areas-and-calls\/\">open areas and calls<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-panel-cell\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-tab-cell\" hidden><div class=\"nx-panel-split\"><ol class=\"nx-terms\"><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Gather the cell<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Bring together three to seven people with complementary skills: data, field practice, policy and communication.<\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Register it<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Write to the team with the cell&#8217;s name, members, area and region. You receive a reference and a contact. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/contact\/\">Write to the team<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Choose a charter<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Pick one focus: research and evidence, data and maps, standards review, or community preparedness.<\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Learn together<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Follow shared study paths at Risk Academy, with practice and a record of every course completed. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/hazards-resilience\/\">Hazards and resilience<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><h3 class=\"nx-terms-t\">Lead and report<\/h3><p class=\"nx-terms-d\">Hold regular sessions. Publish what the cell learns through Reports. Bring findings to the working groups. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/communities\/working-groups\/\">Working groups<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ol><aside class=\"nx-callout nx-panel-aside\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-cert\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-cert\">Specialise as a Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p\">A CERT prepares its neighbourhood for the hazards it faces. It builds a local hazard profile from this site&#8217;s map. It trains in household and street preparedness. It learns first aid and light search through recognised local providers, and it runs drills.<\/p><p class=\"nx-p\">A CERT works alongside the local emergency services and follows their direction. It never replaces them and is not an emergency service.<\/p><\/aside><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-panel\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-panel-index\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-tp-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-tab-index\" hidden><p class=\"nx-panel-lead\">What a national team or a local community can do on The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX) today.<\/p><div class=\"nx-cells\" data-cols=\"4\"><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Your country&#8217;s profile<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Open risk profiles for 195 countries, with sources and licences on every value. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Correct or reply<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Correct a value or reply for your country. The change is logged with its effect. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Offer data<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Offer a dataset. It enters through the licence gate, with your credit. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><div><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">NXS-GRX<\/span><h3 class=\"nx-h4 nx-mt-2\">Use the open data<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Layers, profiles and tiles through the open API. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">Open the Index<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" id=\"nx-grix-therisk-global-oceans-coasts\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-nx-grix=\"oceans:pacific-islands\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-grix-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">The Global Risks Index<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-grix-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Every figure on this page is indexed: environment, climate, hazards, Pacific Island states.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The Index is the Consortium&#8217;s indexing system for risk data. Every indicator, hazard, series and country profile carries its <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> identifier, its source and its licence, so what this page shows can be traced, corrected and reused.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix\"><ol class=\"nx-grix-rail\" aria-label=\"The data pipeline\"><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">01 \u00b7 Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">205 registered sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">Every value keeps its source and licence; withheld values are counted.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/data\/\">Data and licences<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">02 \u00b7 Nexus Standards<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">NIS-1 and NHS-1<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">451 indicators, 905 hazards; every record carries a UNI.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/\">Nexus Standards<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">03 \u00b7 The Index<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">54 series, 195 country profiles<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">Computed on the standards; no value is published until an edition is released.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/\">The Global Risks Index<\/a><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-node\"><span class=\"nx-grix-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-k\">04 \u00b7 This page<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-t\">Oceans and Coasts<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-m\">Maps, figures and feeds read the Index in the context of environment, climate, hazards and Pacific Island states.<\/span><a class=\"nx-link nx-grix-go\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/developers\/\">Public API<\/a><\/li><\/ol><div class=\"nx-grix-kpis\"><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Sources<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">205<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">registered, each with its licence<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Indicators<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">451<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">NIS-1, 106 composites, 20 domain indices<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">905<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">NHS-1, crosswalked to UNDRR-ISC HIPs<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Series<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">54<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">global, sector, strategic, technology, thematic<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-kpi\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Country profiles<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric\" data-count=\"true\">195<\/span><span class=\"nx-metric-note\">one site per country<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-grid\"><div class=\"nx-grix-col\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Series in this context <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">environment, climate, hazards<\/span><\/h3><ol class=\"nx-grix-ledger\"><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">GS<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/gs-07\/\">Global Climate<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">Chronic and acute physical climate hazard, transition exposure, adaptation gaps and scenario pathways to 2030, 2050 and 2100.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000065<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Climate \u00b7 Hazards \u00b7 Environment<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">GLB<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/global\/\">Global Systems<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">The state of interdependent <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-c1\" data-tc=\"NRS-C1 global-risk\" data-tk=\"Nexus risk vocabulary\" data-td=\"Nexus risk class: a risk whose hazard, consequences or causal chain crosses national borders and acts at continental or planetary scale, so that no single country can assess or manage it alone.\" data-ts=\"NRS-C1\" data-tr=\"draft\">global risk<\/a>: the twenty domain indices aggregated to the world, the five core <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> (water, energy, food, health, biodiversity) and their couplings, the global tail register and the gap\u2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000002<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Hazards \u00b7 Climate \u00b7 Environment<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">GS<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/gs-01\/\">Global Water<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">Access, scarcity, quality, floods and droughts, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h10\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.deficit.groundwater-depletion\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Water deficit\" data-td=\"Aquifers drawn down faster than they refill, lowering wells and driving land subsidence and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H10\" data-tr=\"draft\">groundwater depletion<\/a>, transboundary dependency and the couplings of water to energy, food, health and nature.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000059<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Hazards \u00b7 Climate \u00b7 Environment<\/span><\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-grix-row\"><span class=\"nx-grix-fam\">GS<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-b\"><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/gs-12\/\">Global Earth observation<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-row-d\">What Earth observation can and cannot see of risk: coverage, revisit, latency and the observing systems <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s6\" data-tc=\"NXS-GRX\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Canonical data, provenance and risk\" data-ts=\"NRS-S6\">NXS-GRX<\/a> depends on.<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-row-r\"><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000070<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">Hazards \u00b7 Climate \u00b7 Environment<\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-grix-foot\" data-nav=\"inline\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/series\/\">All 54 series<\/a> \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/indices\/\">The 20 domain indices<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-col nx-grix-side\"><div class=\"nx-grix-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Country profiles <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">Pacific Island states<\/span><\/h3><div class=\"nx-grix-chips\"><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/fji\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">FJI<\/span>Fiji<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/slb\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">SLB<\/span>Solomon Islands<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/vut\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">VUT<\/span>Vanuatu<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/png\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">PNG<\/span>Papua New Guinea<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/wsm\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">WSM<\/span>Samoa<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/ton\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">TON<\/span>Tonga<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/kir\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">KIR<\/span>Kiribati<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/tuv\/\"><span class=\"nx-grix-iso\">TUV<\/span>Tuvalu<\/a><a class=\"nx-grix-chip\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/countries\/\">all country profiles<\/a><\/div><p class=\"nx-grix-foot\">Every country profile carries the source and licence of each value. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/contribute\/\">Correct a value or reply<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Hazard domains <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">NHS-1<\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"nx-grix-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/water\/\">Water systems<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000136<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/hazards\/planet\/\">Planetary boundaries and Earth-system tipping<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-uni\" title=\"Nexus Universal Identifier (NS-1)\">NXS-GRX-AR-000141<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"nx-grix-panel\"><h3 class=\"nx-grix-h\">Geodata and API <span class=\"nx-grix-hm\">open<\/span><\/h3><p class=\"nx-grix-m\">Open layers on an equal-area hexagon grid, shown as densities per km\u00b2 or as symbols: <span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">People \u00b7 GHSL 2025<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">People \u00b7 WorldPop 2025<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Built-up area<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Ports<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Airports<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Roads<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Railways<\/span><span class=\"nx-grix-tag\">Rivers and lake centrelines<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"nx-grix-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-grix-row-t\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/observatory\/\">Risk Observatory map<\/a><span class=\"nx-grix-dom\">open<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-grix-m\"><code class=\"nx-grix-code\">\/api\/v1\/public\/grix<\/code> \u00b7 <code class=\"nx-grix-code\">https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/{uni}<\/code><br><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/risksindex.com\/developers\/\">Developers<\/a> \u00b7 Data \u00b7 Made with Natural Earth, Public domain; GHSL and WorldPop, CC BY 4.0<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-grix-note\">Snapshot of the Index registries pinned 2026-10-23 \u00b7 22c6eed. Research and risk-analytics information: not a rating, an official classification, a warning, a benchmark or advice.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/storm-surge\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Coastal storm surge<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/oceans-coasts\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Oceans and coasts<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/climate-risk-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Climate risk standards<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><nav class=\"nx-deeper nx-hubs\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-hubs-h\" data-nx-hubs=\"2\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-hubs-h\">The same subject across the Consortium<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Climate and Earth Systems<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/oceans-coasts\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Learn:<\/span> Oceans and coasts<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-23\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Oceans and Coasts<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-23\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring a method, a dataset or a question.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/write-to-us\/research-collaboration\/\">Propose a method <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-legal-24\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Legal<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-legal-24\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Legal documents.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Legal documents\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/terms\/\">Platform Terms of Use <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/privacy\/\">Platform Privacy Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/cookies\/\">Platform Cookie and Storage Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/legal-notice\/\">Legal Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/acceptable-use\/\">Acceptable Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/participation-terms\/\">Participation and Events Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/contribution-terms\/\">Contribution Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/research-and-data-terms\/\">Research and Data Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/ai-use\/\">AI-use Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/intellectual-property\/\">Intellectual Property and Licensing <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/trademark-policy\/\">Trademark and Name Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/disclaimer\/\">Disclaimers and Data Notices <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/corrections\/\">Corrections and Right of Reply Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/complaints-and-integrity\/\">Complaints and integrity reporting <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/security\/\">Security and responsible disclosure <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/code-of-conduct\/\">Code of Conduct <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/trust\/accessibility\/\">Accessibility Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/third-party-notices\/\">Third-party notices and attributions <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Maps, data and figures on this site are shown for context and general information. 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