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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n1h0paif.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"gcri\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> \u00b7 Oceans and Coasts<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Coastal engineering<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Environmental and coastal engineering design defences, drainage, wastewater treatment and nature-based coastal protection. In this field they turn ocean evidence into options for protecting people and reducing pollution at the coast.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/write-to-us\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/stem\/\">Back to STEM foundation of Oceans and Coasts<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Register<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Coastal engineering on the record.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"workbench\"><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Method record<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">STEM method<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Method<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Water and environmental engineering<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Steward<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/\">Water Nexus<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Applied in<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Oceans and Coasts<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Data<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"#nx-sec-data\">3 inputs<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Checks<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"#nx-sec-checks\">3 validation steps<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Canonical page<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/engineering\/environmental-engineering\/\">STEM Commons<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-application\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Application<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What water and environmental engineering does here.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Water and environmental engineering designs <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> for water supply, wastewater treatment, drainage and pollution control. It protects public health and ecosystems while meeting the demands of cities, industry and agriculture. In oceans and coasts, climate and hazards and biodiversity and nature, environmental engineering connects hydrological hazards to service continuity and public health. It informs investment in water infrastructure that supports food, energy and urban resilience. The canonical description is on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/engineering\/environmental-engineering\/\">the STEM Commons<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cols\"><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M20 13c0 5-3.5 7.5-7.66 8.95a1 1 0 0 1-.67-.01C7.5 20.5 4 18 4 13V6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1c2 0 4.5-1.2 6.24-2.72a1.17 1.17 0 0 1 1.52 0C14.51 3.81 17 5 19 5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1z\"\/><path d=\"m9 12 2 2 4-4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Coastal defence options<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Seawalls, dikes, beach nourishment, managed realignment and mangrove restoration are compared for protection, cost, adaptability and effects on neighbouring coasts.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M7 16.3c2.2 0 4-1.83 4-4.05 0-1.16-.57-2.26-1.71-3.19S7.29 6.75 7 5.3c-.29 1.45-1.14 2.84-2.29 3.76S3 11.1 3 12.25c0 2.22 1.8 4.05 4 4.05z\"\/><path d=\"M12.56 6.6A10.97 10.97 0 0 0 14 3.02c.5 2.5 2 4.9 4 6.5s3 3.5 3 5.5a6.98 6.98 0 0 1-11.91 4.97\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Coastal wastewater planning<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Sewage and stormwater discharges are assessed for their contribution to coastal pollution and options for treatment.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"3\"\/><circle cx=\"19\" cy=\"5\" r=\"2\"\/><circle cx=\"5\" cy=\"19\" r=\"2\"\/><path d=\"M10.4 21.9a10 10 0 0 0 9.941-15.416\"\/><path d=\"M13.5 2.1a10 10 0 0 0-9.841 15.416\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Adaptation pathways<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Sequences of coastal measures are planned with triggers for switching as sea level rises, keeping options open.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Water now in Pacific Island states.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Rain, flood water and root-zone soil moisture over Pacific Island states, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"pacific-islands:water\" data-ml-feeds=\"eonet|https:\/\/eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/v3\/events\" data-ml-src=\"water\" data-ml-plan=\"p-d308574b\" data-ml-relief=\"1.3\" data-ml-view=\"3d\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:water\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.water.imerg gibs.water.flood gibs.water.rzsm gibs.food.cover gibs.biodiversity.ssta gibs.water.true ev.eonet r.dist r.hls f.flood r.imerg r.smap r.dswxs1 f.ens\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect measure compare aoi export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-water\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-water\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"150,-24,190,0\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"Water now, Pacific Island states: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"imerg||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Rain now<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"flood||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Floods this week<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"rzsm||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Drought signal<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"cover||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Land cover<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">3<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">Water now, for this page<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"imerg\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-short=\"Precipitation\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA GES DISC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite estimate, near real time\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Precipitation rate, daily mean<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA GES DISC GPM IMERG \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"imerg\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"estimated\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Estimated<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"imerg\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.imerg\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Estimated<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>GPM IMERG (NASA GES DISC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA GES DISC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite estimate, near real time<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite estimate, near real time. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"flood\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-short=\"Flood water\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Flood water, 3-day composite<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS Global Flood Product \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"flood\">14 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"flood\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.flood\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS Global Flood Product (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite detection; clouds leave gaps. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"rzsm\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-short=\"Soil moisture, root zone\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA NSIDC DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Model with satellite data assimilated\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Root-zone soil moisture, 0 to 100 cm<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA NSIDC DAAC SMAP Level 4 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"rzsm\">11 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Modelled<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"rzsm\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.rzsm\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>SMAP Level 4 (NASA NSIDC DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA NSIDC DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Model with satellite data assimilated<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-11<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Model with satellite data assimilated. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"cover\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"23\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.7\" data-wm-short=\"Land cover\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land cover type (IGBP), yearly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"class\">Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"cover\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.cover\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2024-01-01<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"ssta\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"24\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Marine heat (anomaly)\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA JPL PO.DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite analysis\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Sea surface temperature anomaly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA JPL PO.DAAC GHRSST MUR25 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ssta\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"\u00b0C\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"ssta\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.biodiversity.ssta\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>GHRSST MUR25 (NASA JPL PO.DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA JPL PO.DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite analysis<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite analysis of how far sea temperature departs from its usual value for the date shown; a marine heat indicator, not a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.coral-bleaching\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Corals expelling their algal partners under heat stress, turning white and often dying, with loss of reef fisheries and shore protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\">coral bleaching<\/a> alert.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"6\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.6\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite image\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">True colour<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"true\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.true\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite image<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" aria-label=\"Map controls\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-open\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-panel\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Layers\" title=\"Layers\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2.5l-6.5 3.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5zm-6.5 6.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5m-13 2.8 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"tools\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" title=\"Expert tools\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 4.5l10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-7.5-8.5 0 3m5 .5 0 3m-3.5.5 0 3\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-sep\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"in\" aria-label=\"Zoom in\" title=\"Zoom in\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 3v10M3 8h10\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"out\" aria-label=\"Zoom out\" title=\"Zoom out\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 8h10\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"reset\" aria-label=\"Reset the view\" title=\"Reset the view\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.2 8a4.8 4.8 0 1 0 1.5-3.5M3.2 2.6v2.6h2.6\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"full\" aria-label=\"Full screen\" title=\"Full screen\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M2.5 6l0-3.5 3.5 0m7.5 3.5 0-3.5-3.5 0m-7.5 7.5 0 3.5 3.5 0m7.5-3.5 0 3.5-3.5 0\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-menu\" id=\"nx-wm-menu\" role=\"menu\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"inspect\">Inspect a point<kbd>I<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"measure\">Measure distance<kbd>M<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"compare\">Compare two dates<kbd>C<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"share\">Copy a link to this view<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"png\">Export as PNG with credits<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"xt\" data-wm-xt=\"NxAjSJ6JoGGZsXu22d+kvA4nR9AJ6Njy+\/Xy2FIyELw=\">More expert tools<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\">Keyboard shortcuts<kbd>?<\/kbd><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-keys\" role=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Keyboard shortcuts\" hidden><p class=\"nx-wm-keys-title\">Keyboard, with the map focused<\/p><dl class=\"nx-wm-keys-list\"><\/dl><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-keys-close\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\" aria-label=\"Close the shortcuts\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-hint\" hidden>Hold Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll to zoom<\/p><p class=\"nx-wm-toolbar\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-tip\" role=\"tooltip\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin\" hidden><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-pin-title\"><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"unpin\" aria-label=\"Close the card\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-chart\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-body\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-dock\"><div class=\"nx-wm-time\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Imagery date\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"prev\" aria-label=\"One day earlier\">\u2039<\/button><p class=\"nx-wm-time-label\">Latest available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Water now, framed on Pacific Island states.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET \u00b7 NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.water-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gpm.imerg\">GPM IMERG precipitation, NASA Precipitation Processing System; distributed by the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.smap.l4\">SMAP Level 4 soil moisture and snow mass, NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office; distributed by the NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center DAAC; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.modis-viirs.land\">MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.podaac.ghrsst-mur\">GHRSST Level 4 MUR analyses, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; distributed by the NASA Physical Oceanography DAAC (PO.DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li><\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>River discharge forecast, 30 days with range (GloFAS via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Emergency Management Service information 2026; not a flood warning.<\/li><li>Past year, daily temperature (ERA5 via Open-Meteo): Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information 2026.<\/li><li>Past year, daily temperature and sunshine (NASA POWER): These data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) POWER Project funded through the NASA Earth Science\/Applied Science Program..<\/li><li>Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https:\/\/open-meteo.com\/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/).<\/li><li>Optional layers (14 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Precipitation rate, daily mean: GPM IMERG, NASA GES DISC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"imerg\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Flood water, 3-day composite: VIIRS Global Flood Product, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"flood\">14 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Root-zone soil moisture, 0 to 100 cm: SMAP Level 4, NASA NSIDC DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"rzsm\">11 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/li><li>Sea surface temperature anomaly: GHRSST MUR25, NASA JPL PO.DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ssta\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G-P07\/stem\/environmental-engineering\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Oceans and Coasts live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-label=\"Data, Monitor, Validation\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Data, Monitor, Validation\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-data\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Data<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-5-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Monitor<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-checks\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Validation<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-data\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What the method consumes.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Datasets and records used by water and environmental engineering on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/research\/sources\/\">the source register<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Data<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Extreme sea levels and waves<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Design conditions<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">ESTIMATED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Coastal asset data<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Protected values<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">Published statistics<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Discharge records<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Pollution loads<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">REPORTED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"data\" data-nxf-kind=\"data\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G-P07\/stem\/environmental-engineering\/#data\" data-nxf-title=\"Method record\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G-P07\/stem\/environmental-engineering\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-5-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Monitor<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Field sampling.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The screen a team would use to follow this method: its measures, states and decisions. Names are examples and values are illustrative.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><figure class=\"nx-fk nx-cx\" data-fk=\"cx-oceans-method-sampling\" data-cx=\"oceans.method-sampling\" data-variant=\"section\" aria-label=\"Field sampling: illustrative console with example names and values\"><div class=\"nx-fk-head\"><div class=\"nx-fk-heading\"><h3 class=\"nx-fk-title\">Field sampling<\/h3><p class=\"nx-fk-sub\">Oceans and coasts \u00b7 Coastal engineering \u00b7 Run R-1357<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-fk-btn\" data-fk-act=\"menu\" aria-haspopup=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"false\" hidden><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M12 4v11\"\/><path d=\"m7 10 5 5 5-5\"\/><path d=\"M5 20h14\"\/><\/svg>Export<\/button><ul class=\"nx-fk-menu\" data-fk-menu=\"true\" hidden><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-png\">Image<small>PNG of the map or chart<\/small><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" data-fk-act=\"export-csv\">Data<small>CSV of the figure&#8217;s values<\/small><\/button><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-status\"><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"near\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Three sites overdue<\/span><span class=\"nx-cx-prod\">GCRI \u00b7 Oceans and Coasts<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-grid\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"map\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Sampling sites<\/h4><p class=\"nx-fk-panel-sub\">red: result above guideline<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-cx-map\"><svg class=\"nx-cx-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 480 250\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sampling sites: schematic on example geography. Illustrative.\" focusable=\"false\"><rect class=\"cx-sea\" width=\"480\" height=\"250\" rx=\"4\"\/><path class=\"cx-land\" d=\"M443.2 125l9.6 37.7-61.8 23.9-33.2 37.6-76 16.2-74.7-24.6-70.1-4.1-63.4-18.8-58.1-28.2 12.7-39.7-16.4-40.4 77.7-21 35.1-35.8 78.1-5.6 73.8 2.1 72.1 9.3 50.6 26.5 31 31.2z\"\/><path class=\"cx-haz2\" d=\"M421.7 112.5l-6.4 31.7-37.7 20-44.8 10.1-45.2-9.6-33.6-21.8-25.2-30.4 35.9-26.2 25.3-23.2 42.8-13.9 50.3 5.3 13.4 33.5z\"\/><circle class=\"cx-site-hot\" cx=\"166.5\" cy=\"162.8\" r=\"6.0\"\/><circle class=\"cx-site-hot\" cx=\"338.3\" cy=\"131.4\" r=\"7.0\"\/><circle class=\"cx-site-hot\" cx=\"337.2\" cy=\"150.3\" r=\"4.1\"\/><circle class=\"cx-site-hot\" cx=\"193.4\" cy=\"87.8\" r=\"6.7\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"348.4\" cy=\"108.6\" r=\"4.6\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"111.7\" cy=\"89.5\" r=\"3.1\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"103.9\" cy=\"104.0\" r=\"5.7\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"205.7\" cy=\"192.3\" r=\"5.2\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"220.3\" cy=\"151.2\" r=\"4.8\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"322.8\" cy=\"193.7\" r=\"6.8\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"95.2\" cy=\"56.7\" r=\"7.1\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"112.0\" cy=\"82.7\" r=\"4.5\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"397.6\" cy=\"108.4\" r=\"5.8\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"382.1\" cy=\"54.2\" r=\"6.0\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"212.2\" cy=\"119.5\" r=\"4.7\"\/><circle class=\"cx-node\" cx=\"400.7\" cy=\"77.5\" r=\"6.4\"\/><text class=\"cx-lbl-s\" x=\"464\" y=\"236\" text-anchor=\"end\">Circle size: exposure value \u00b7 example<\/text><g class=\"cx-north\"><path d=\"M458 30 L463 18 L468 30 Z\"\/><text class=\"cx-lbl-s\" x=\"463\" y=\"42\" text-anchor=\"middle\">N<\/text><\/g><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"3\" data-t=\"table\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Latest results<\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tablewrap\" data-fk-view=\"table:cx-oceans-method-sampling-t1\"><table class=\"nx-fk-table\" data-fk-table=\"cx-oceans-method-sampling-t1\" aria-label=\"Latest results\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c0\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c0\">Site<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c1\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c1\">Parameter<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c2\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c2\">Value<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c3\" data-num=\"true\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c3\">Guideline<\/button><\/th><th scope=\"col\" data-col=\"c4\" aria-sort=\"none\"><button type=\"button\" data-fk-sort=\"c4\">State<\/button><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-oceans-method-sampling:r1-0\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>S-18<\/td><td>Extreme<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"11.4\">11.4<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"8\">8<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Below<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-oceans-method-sampling:r1-1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>S-32<\/td><td>Marine<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"2.6\">2.6<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"7\">7<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Below<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-oceans-method-sampling:r1-2\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>S-50<\/td><td>Fish<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"3.9\">3.9<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"9\">9<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"met\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Below<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr data-fk-key=\"cx-oceans-method-sampling:r1-3\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"row\" aria-selected=\"false\"><td>S-37<\/td><td>Coral<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"3.6\">3.6<\/td><td data-num=\"true\" data-sv=\"7\">7<\/td><td><span class=\"nx-fk-pill\" data-state=\"not\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Above<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-panel nx-cx-p\" data-w=\"6\" data-t=\"chart\"><div class=\"nx-fk-panel-head\"><div><h4 class=\"nx-fk-panel-title\">Trend at selected site<\/h4><\/div><\/div><svg class=\"nx-fk-svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 460 210\" width=\"460\" height=\"210\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Trend at selected site\" focusable=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" data-fk-chart=\"cx-oceans-method-sampling-c2\" data-fk-xs=\"lin,0,23,36,446\" data-fk-ys=\"lin,0,100,180,20\" data-fk-series=\"Measured|ink|l||0:44.5;1:42.2;2:41.1;3:38.2;4:42;5:38.2;6:40.1;7:42.4;8:43.5;9:49;10:47.7;11:46.2;12:44.3;13:47.2;14:50.7;15:46.9;16:41.4;17:44.8;18:40.9;19:39.1;20:33.7;21:30.1;22:28.1;23:32.6~Guideline|acc|l||0:51.4;1:48.4;2:45.2;3:46.8;4:47.1;5:44.4;6:40.8;7:44.8;8:47.3;9:48;10:46.6;11:45.4;12:48.6;13:49;14:52.5;15:49.1;16:50.9;17:51.4;18:55.4;19:52.2;20:56.1;21:58.5;22:59.9;23:58.8\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-fk-tip\" aria-hidden=\"true\" hidden><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-fk-cap\"><span>Field sampling: the screen&#8217;s structure, terms and states for Oceans and coasts.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Example names and illustrative values; a design, not a record or a live system.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-checks\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Validation<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How results are checked.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Designs are verified against regulatory standards and pilot testing. Network models are calibrated with field pressure and flow measurements.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Check<\/th><th scope=\"col\">How it is done<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Design standard review<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Defence designs state the sea level and wave conditions used<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Downdrift effects<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Effects of structures on neighbouring coasts are assessed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Pathway triggers<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Adaptation triggers are linked to monitored indicators<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Ageing assets and incomplete records limit model accuracy. Emerging contaminants and changing rainfall patterns challenge existing designs.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-label=\"Twin and cascade simulator, Connections, Risk and response\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Twin and cascade simulator, Connections, Risk and response\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-twin\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-connections\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Connections<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-nexus\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Risk and response<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-span=\"wide\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Model coastal engineering as a system. Run the cascade.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Assembled from the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> area profile <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/oceans-and-coasts-risk-standards\/\">Oceans and coasts risk standards<\/a>: the hazards it names, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/system-builder\/\">System Builder<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-es-stem-environmental-engineering-G-P07\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">Sea-level rise<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.storm-surge\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Sea level pushed above the tide by storm wind and low pressure, flooding the coast.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">Storm surge<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h21\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.surface.coastal-erosion\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Erosion and sediment movement\" data-td=\"Retreat of the shoreline and cliffs under waves, currents and storms, removing land and exposing buildings.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H21\" data-tr=\"draft\">Coastal erosion<\/a><\/li><li>Heatwave<\/li><li>Ocean acidification<\/li><li>Harmful algal bloom<\/li><li>Extreme fire weather (set off downstream)<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Wildfire<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Heat-driven grid stress (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Agricultural drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Flash drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Snow drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Ground-level ozone episode (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Meteorological drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>River flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Coastal flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Estuary flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Mass displacement (set off downstream)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/oceans-and-coasts-risk-standards\/\">Oceans and coasts risk standards<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/industry-trade\/supply-chain-and-trade-risk\/\">Supply chain and trade risk<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/food-risk-standards\/\">Food and agriculture risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/climate-risk-standards\/\">Climate risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Common driver and feedback<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/cities\/cities-and-urban-systems-risk-standards\/\">Cities and urban systems risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Exposure<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-0<\/code> Constitution and principles<\/li><li><code>NS-1<\/code> The <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> and the artefact catalogue (grammar v0.2: domain, sector, region and environment segments)<\/li><li><code>NS-3<\/code> Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)<\/li><li><code>NS-3b<\/code> Dataset and product metadata profile (STAC, DCAT, PROV-O)<\/li><li><code>NS-5<\/code> Figure, map and visualisation standard (with the UI\/UX kit)<\/li><li><code>NS-9<\/code> Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)<\/li><li><code>NS-11<\/code> Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)<\/li><li><code>NRS-X3<\/code> Oceans and coasts risk<\/li><li><code>NRS-H11<\/code> Hazard family: Coastal and sea-level hazards (NHS-1 water.coastal)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H79<\/code> Hazard family: Mental health crises (NHS-1 health.mental)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H12<\/code> Hazard family: Ocean-state extremes (NHS-1 water.ocean-state)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H67<\/code> Hazard family: Ocean circulation and marine tipping (NHS-1 planet.ocean-tipping)<\/li><li><code>NRS-K18<\/code> Domain pack profile: Oceans coastal (DOMAIN-018)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Copernicus Marine Service ocean products (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Coral Reef Watch daily 5 km heat stress products (listed for reference)<\/li><li>PSMSL tide gauge mean sea level records (listed for reference)<\/li><li>GEBCO global bathymetric grid (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Argo float profiles (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Average marine acidity (pH) measured at agreed suite of representative sampling stations<\/li><li>Index of coastal eutrophication and floating plastic debris density<\/li><li>Direct economic loss attributed to disasters in relation to GDP, including damage to critical infrastructure<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Example geography<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Pacific Island states: 150 hexagonal cells<\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface water through cloud, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-S1 radar), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface air temperature, daytime (AIRS), NASA GIBS<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-connections\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connections<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Topics that rely on this method.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/topics\/ports-and-maritime-infrastructure\/\"><span>Ports and maritime infrastructure<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/topics\/ocean-observation\/\"><span>Ocean observation<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/topics\/blue-economy\/\"><span>Blue economy<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/topics\/island-resilience\/\"><span>Island resilience<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/topics\/marine-pollution\/\"><span>Marine pollution<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nexus\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-variant=\"stack\" data-nx-duo=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-sec-nexus-h\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Risk and response<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-sec-nexus-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Coupled risk, applied response.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede nx-nduo-lede\" data-lede=\"The sectors {s} touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.\">The sectors coastal <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.storm-surge\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Sea level pushed above the tide by storm wind and low pressure, flooding the coast.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">storm surge<\/a> touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-nduo\" data-active=\"sig\" data-compose=\"pair\"><div class=\"nx-nduo-seg\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Show\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-nduo=\"sig\" aria-pressed=\"true\">A \u00b7 Risk<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-nduo=\"phex\" aria-pressed=\"false\">B \u00b7 Response<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-ctx\"><p class=\"nx-nduo-ctxk\">Choose a context<\/p><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Signatures in context\" hidden><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-pair\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig nx-nduo-fig\" data-nx-sig=\"WEIHB\" data-sig-ctx=\"storm-surge\" data-sig-name=\"Coastal storm surge\" data-sig-line=\"Mangroves and dunes absorb the surge; where they are gone, ports, substations and water intakes take it.\" data-sig-inst=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\" data-nduo-pane=\"sig\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span><b class=\"nx-nduo-ab\">A<\/b>Coupled risk across six sectors<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">10 \/ 15 relations<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sector signature hexagon: Water, Energy, Infrastructure, Health and Biodiversity selected, 10 of 15 relations in play, coupling 0.64. Teaching values.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"tZfJkqNGEIZfJaMi5qbMrgVKKELo4AhvB599xoKWiGbpAMaW\/CJ+FN\/tF3NkoqV7BC3EjC8SUJXL\/2WSwDrNntvNuknSPCl+5L+s6iBPY1UdsGrzHe4UbA+xCvUnBdvj6aCJlQ8\/qc267epXqJ+f26yLlVawLZK2fWOs1dMXm8ztJsObnt7nsFk\/9antvtze5NWuVZA0eYL7PE2zKlZd8zlTm\/VrXRx3dXVjsYPzYZq0ewWvdV51baz0An0EYUSrBbqgP3AB6IWPAM9neF7nLGdEMC4AY\/wC\/VL+\/RL0gi\/i6QxPqx\/6f+fSag1m6cgu0FwO+UgveAmvF\/C6jd1v82ZbZHez54Lrvtxaim1DK9kl3f5L4y7fvihIY\/WLDS3owmjQJRpDAVhPDgKgsMSIDNiQPDhaUVSi0bQEG9ASHEVgyJZoHDmwjgJwtARDvkQT8i5DK4hoCWGJ1oFZkgFHFiwFJZoVm4t3WoGlZYnWkAfj+YQvshFZME5O2bkt0QYUgjFkIGTXJdqIQuAEjOTIVzxZCPvkOEm5sgQHFLEIOV2RpRACOY7QkgcNRsupEwR4Wg7JMwK82Aa0FAZ49e4oEAZ4TcHQShjgKUvWjtbhRQcrFwZ4UWu8EMALD1YuDPBKzbCfgEI8ceWwjAAv6EP26cXoVB8nAPBUQLICAKW8luMxAim+CBcErL\/kFAWAoxVSVIpsAeDYgmwpqkW\/EyK+FNEiP2L1pXW9dlbBCkSyiLe0Yu2laGbtbEirUgT30sWvLUWvKBfZ5Umv8ObApcgN+5w4t7LXixRx6qXIJYsUYsAnEUjB0ehSGp1l92vc5xGZsx13ufT7xS83uTl1Wx+ae1y6vc9Nmtw6OOcuHS69ftbHDc6Nctbf97eTbjox4vaWRu8Zyu3Vt3kPmZtbuvxcBwd9i\/d14mbxtAIuogzo3cAw3u7rJm3VZl3kVXa7eJkrdaUgTboEX2SkHIz8HU2seJgpONhYyahScLSxknkFbdfULxn+kafdPlaWlp7zeCCSuR9pMFAQjAe6ercj3nXv2d56Ng\/m70Yi4NcIGIwUTIj0jYoS9qHOjs3Z8f3COLKTCuM\/iPDtirP8IMrdAhn7YLRoYrShIhkKoincVjcx\/gdsRo9HuYvNRo9GM9OiDWPzk9rNvB8EU+9SM8m3u+8bzTeoymkA4DxQkT4\/IYZeEfmltn9F1DxZCnEH8r4KVn41usBTIEdW6z\/Z282zpn1Nmhd+1gw+ifZ5N7q2zaoua4a\/GZps293sfy2SLlNwYL0uUHCMFQaBgnMj+kjBPst3+y5WUaSgOfAIfdqsu+xw660ST1rceLX59y9Lxq2feO+IRffGwmm1ScrXIn\/Ot0mX19XZclBqVacZcxhcuJS+zYpT7XMOM\/ZhsE+K+t3XQP9gaKQvRz8nnpsRm2jcJq27ESM9hrVIfntDCW2gFfA+TCp+K4lVmadpkanNr0mXNR\/h7rbvHIXRmCP452\/Q5i7\/YcxmAubTjSYEzAOoB+2m4B40vIvcaku+p2V4+r2j1XZJ06nN91XW7I4TsL9xtvIjvgS8nQnePgZ+Jve52OdQN3YE+s\/Vc5O0XfN5231usofgGxeN+BT47i78K3A3faDMmCdzxsmj08SGY8Pkh7pOJ88S6\/2YG4EazOzoYAJgnNnSOLencVZT40ddnVWp2vyUJUW3n8AcP2rm3pVQD2dSDx+kjnOx42zuOAv8wBAXXN\/ldZr\/njVt3h0f4387yXuHwt+\/5f+02\/wH\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-phex-apply nx-nsig-load\"><p class=\"nx-phex-aphd\"><span>Sectors \u00b7 <b class=\"nx-phex-apn\">Coastal storm surge<\/b><\/span><span>Stress<\/span><\/p><ol class=\"nx-phex-aps\"><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"0\" data-key=\"W\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">W<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Water<\/b> depends on infrastructure for pipes, dams and treatment works<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"4\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.36<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"1\" data-key=\"E\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">E<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Energy<\/b> depends on water for cooling water and hydropower<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"3\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.28<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"2\" data-key=\"I\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">I<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Infrastructure<\/b> first hit, then depends on energy for power for transport and telecoms<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.79<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap\" data-k=\"3\" data-key=\"F\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">F<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Food<\/b> outside this context<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">\u2013<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"4\" data-key=\"H\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">H<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Health<\/b> depends on water for drinking water and sanitation<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"4\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.37<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"5\" data-key=\"B\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">B<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Biodiversity<\/b> first hit, then depends on water for environmental flows<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.75<\/span><\/button><\/li><\/ol><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Illustrative: a teaching cascade over teaching values, not measurements.<\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"nx-nduo-bridge\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-nduo-bridge-l\">applied to<\/span><span class=\"nx-nduo-bridge-a\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><figure class=\"nx-nsig nx-phex nx-nduo-fig\" data-nx-phex=\"01234\" data-phex-ctx=\"whole\" data-phex=\"{&quot;S&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;L&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Experiments&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Turns open questions into designed experiments&quot;,&quot;Prototypes new methods, data pipelines and tools&quot;,&quot;Records failures and limits alongside results&quot;,&quot;Hands reproducible prototypes to the Foundry&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;F&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Builds&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Builds the cycle's software, data and environments&quot;,&quot;Simulates scenarios and runs benchmarks&quot;,&quot;Monitors hazards, systems and evidence&quot;,&quot;Develops and tracks the National Portfolio&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;U&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Convenes and tests&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/programmes\/nexus-universe\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/universe.nexus\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Sets the annual mandate and admits missions&quot;,&quot;Runs readiness, the controlled build and Action Week&quot;,&quot;Stands down temporary capacity and seals evidence&quot;,&quot;Reviews the year and renews the mandate&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;S&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Standards&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Nexus Standards&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Codify and correct&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Identifies every artefact with a UNI&quot;,&quot;Routes work to the standards that apply&quot;,&quot;Validates and monitors conformance evidence&quot;,&quot;Takes cycle findings as change proposals&quot;,&quot;Records national adoption&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;R&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Publishes&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-cycle\/publish\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes four editions a year, with Q4 as the annual flagship&quot;,&quot;Maintains country and regional profiles&quot;,&quot;Publishes exponential technology streams&quot;,&quot;Records corrections and method changes&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;academy&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;A&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Academy&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Risk Academy&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Teaches&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes a course for every system, standard and programme role&quot;,&quot;Assesses learning on real cycle tasks&quot;,&quot;Issues microcredentials and achievements through accountable issuers&quot;,&quot;Feeds qualified people into the next cycle&quot;]}],&quot;H&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F01&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision case&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F02&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Core Build Report and go or no-go evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F03&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F04&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F05&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;National Portfolio movement for chapter 11&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F06&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Method and correction findings as change proposals&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F07&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Docket items that need a standard or a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F08&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Composed mission profiles and national adoption records&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F09&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each adopted standard or profile becomes a course module&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F10&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F11&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Qualified participants for the next cycle's roles&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F12&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F13&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Validation and monitoring evidence for conformance review&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F14&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a learning-by-doing course&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R1&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Applied in editions&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R2&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Taught in the open&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R3&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:0,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Questions become experiments&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R4&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:0,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Tested prototypes are built&quot;}],&quot;PH&quot;:[[&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;Planning&quot;],[&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;Readiness preparation&quot;],[&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;Controlled build&quot;],[&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;Closeout&quot;],[&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;After-action review&quot;],[&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;Correction&quot;],[&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;Docket review&quot;],[&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;Renewal&quot;]],&quot;L&quot;:[[1,3],[1,2],[2,5],[2,4],[1,5,2],[1,4,3],[1,4,2],[1,2,3],[2,3,5],[1,5,2,3],[1,4,2,3],[1,3,5,2],[1,2,4,3],[2,4,3,5],[1,5,2,4,3],[1,4,3,5,2],[0,1,2,3,4,5]],&quot;CTX&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;whole&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;The whole programme&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3,4,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year's feedback loops.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;practice&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;From prototype to practice&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;A Labs prototype is built in the Foundry, tested in a Universe mission and codified as a standard.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;build-test&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Build and test&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;The Foundry builds what a mission needs; Universe returns the go or no-go evidence.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;conformance&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Conformance&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Validation evidence goes to Standards for review; composed profiles come back for the next build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;correction&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;A finding becomes a correction&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,4,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Observations are published, a method finding becomes a change proposal, the corrected profile returns to the build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mandate&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Setting the next mandate&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,4],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;After-action findings go into the editions; the Q4 synthesis informs next year's mandate.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;people&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;People for the next cycle&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence; qualified participants take roles in the next cycle.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;learning&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Learning by doing&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a course; learners join missions, and missions return to the Foundry.&quot;}],&quot;AP&quot;:{&quot;urban-flood&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;warn30&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;30%&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;less damage with 24 hours' warning of a storm or heatwave&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;With 24 hours' warning of a coming storm or heatwave&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Flood-depth nowcast from rain gauges and terrain&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Warning lead time&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;30%&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;City twin links substations, pumps and clinics to flood depth&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Lifelines modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Exercise: keep water and power running through a 1-in-100 flood&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours to restore&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared asset records so utilities exchange outage data&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Agencies sharing records&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;City flood profile of exposed lifelines&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Assets profiled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;I&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for utility and emergency operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Urban flood&quot;},&quot;hydropower&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Inflow forecasts and sediment models for the reservoir&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Forecast skill&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Basin twin trades power, flood storage and river 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qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WE&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Hydropower reservoir&quot;},&quot;drought&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[null,{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;adapt71&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;net benefits&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;From $1.8T invested in five adaptation areas from 2020 to 2030, water management among them&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;},null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;adapt71&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;net benefits&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;From $1.8T invested in five adaptation areas from 2020 to 2030, water management among them&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Drought index from rainfall, soil moisture and river flow&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Lead time to trigger&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WF&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Allocation model for irrigation, cooling and drinking water&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Demand met in drought&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Early-action exercise with water and agriculture ministries&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Days from trigger to action&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WF&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Trigger thresholds and records agencies can share&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Triggers adopted&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WF&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Seasonal drought outlook and food-price signals&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Outlooks issued&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for basin and food-security officers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Officers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WFB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Drought&quot;},&quot;heatwave&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[null,null,{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;heat&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;deaths avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Estimated after Ahmedabad's heat action plan, the first in South Asia&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Hess et al., J. Environ. Public Health, 2018&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7973519&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;heat&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;deaths avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Estimated after Ahmedabad's heat action plan, the first in South Asia&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Hess et al., J. Environ. Public Health, 2018&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7973519&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Heat-health thresholds from temperature and admissions&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Threshold accuracy&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;H&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Grid peak and river temperature model for the heat season&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Peak hours foreseen&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WE&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Heat action plan exercise with health and grid operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Alert-to-action hours&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared heat-alert levels and response records&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Agencies on one scale&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Heat season review of health and power outcomes&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Excess deaths tracked&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;H&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for health and utility planners&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Planners qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EHF&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Heatwave&quot;},&quot;blackout&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Cascade model of what fails when the grid does&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Dependencies mapped&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Twin of backup fuel, water treatment and cold chains&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours of autonomy&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Black-start exercise across utilities and hospitals&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours to restore&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Interdependency records shared by operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators sharing&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Lifeline resilience profile&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Outage hours a year&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course on interdependent infrastructure&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Grid blackout&quot;},&quot;pandemic&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;ghrf&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$60B+&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;expected losses a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Expected annual cost of pandemics, against about $4.5B a year to prepare&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/21891&quot;},null,null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;ghrf&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$60B+&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;expected losses a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Expected annual cost of pandemics, against about $4.5B a year to prepare&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/21891&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Workforce-absence scenarios for essential services&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Scenarios tested&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Continuity board for clinics, grid and logistics&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Services monitored&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Continuity exercise across health, energy and food&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Services kept running&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$60B+&quot;},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared surveillance and continuity records&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Days to share data&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;H&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;After-action findings on essential services&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Findings acted on&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for continuity managers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Managers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Pandemic&quot;},&quot;pollinator&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;pollin&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$235\u2013577B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;crop output at risk a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Annual global crop output that depends on animal pollination&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;IPBES, Assessment report on pollinators, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.ipbes.net\/assessment-reports\/pollinators&quot;},null,null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;pollin&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$235\u2013577B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;crop output at risk a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Annual global crop output that depends on animal pollination&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;IPBES, Assessment report on pollinators, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.ipbes.net\/assessment-reports\/pollinators&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Maps of pollinators and the yields that depend on them&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Area mapped&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$235\u2013577B&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Yield and diet-quality model by crop&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Crops modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Landscape mission with farmers and conservation agencies&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hectares in the mission&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Common biodiversity monitoring records&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Sites reporting&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;B&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Nature and nutrition profile&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Indicators tracked&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FHB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course on nature-dependent farming&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Advisers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Pollinator decline&quot;},&quot;storm-surge&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;mangrove&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$80B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;flood losses avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Coastal flood losses that mangroves already prevent worldwide&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Surge model with mangrove and dune buffers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Coast modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$80B&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Coastal twin of ports, substations and water intakes&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Assets in the twin&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Evacuation and port-recovery exercise&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Days to reopen port&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared records for coastal assets and defences&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Defences recorded&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Coastal risk profile, built and natural defences&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Coast profiled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for port and coastal managers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Managers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Coastal storm surge&quot;}}}\" data-phex-applied=\"storm-surge\" data-nduo-pane=\"phex\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span><b class=\"nx-nduo-ab\">B<\/b>Applied response across six pillars<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">12 \/ 18 handoffs<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"The six pillars of the Consortium's programme: 12 of 18 handoffs in play, 8 feedback loops closed.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-phex-apply\"><p class=\"nx-phex-aphd\"><span>Pillars \u00b7 <b class=\"nx-phex-apn\">Coastal storm surge<\/b><\/span><span>KPI<\/span><\/p><ol class=\"nx-phex-aps\"><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"0\" data-sec=\"IB\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">L<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Labs<\/b> Surge model with mangrove and dune buffers<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Coast modelled <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><em class=\"nx-phex-bench\">$80B<\/em><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"1\" data-sec=\"WEI\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">F<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Foundry<\/b> Coastal twin of ports, substations and water intakes<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Assets in the twin <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"2\" data-sec=\"IH\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">U<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Universe<\/b> Evacuation and port-recovery exercise<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Days to reopen port <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"lower is better\">\u2193<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"3\" data-sec=\"IB\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">S<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Standards<\/b> Shared records for coastal assets and defences<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Defences recorded <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"4\" data-sec=\"IB\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">R<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Reports<\/b> Coastal risk profile, built and natural defences<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Coast profiled <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><em class=\"nx-phex-bench\">$390B<\/em><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap\" data-k=\"5\" data-sec=\"IH\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">A<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Academy<\/b> Course for port and coastal managers<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Managers qualified <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><\/ol><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Illustrative applications; the values are published benchmarks, cited in the readout.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><p class=\"nx-nduo-legend\"><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k1\"><\/i>In this context<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k2\"><\/i>Dependence or handoff, heavier is stronger<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k3\"><\/i>Outside this context<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-nduo-tlw\" data-phex-for=\"nx-sec-nexus-phex\"><div class=\"nx-phex-phase nx-nduo-tl\" data-phex-tl=\"true\" hidden><p class=\"nx-phex-phh\"><span class=\"nx-phex-phk\">Programme year<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-pn\">All phases<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-phex-steps\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Phases of the programme year\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"play\">Play the year<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"allph\">All phases<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-read\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\" data-for=\"sig\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Context<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Coastal storm surge<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Mangroves and dunes absorb the surge; where they are gone, ports, substations and water intakes take it.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>W<\/span> \u00b7 <span>E<\/span> \u00b7 <span>I<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>H<\/span> \u00b7 <span>B<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Risk<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Sectors<\/dt><dd><strong>5<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Relations<\/dt><dd><strong>10<\/strong> <small>of 15<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coupling<\/dt><dd><strong>0.64<\/strong> <small>share of total<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><p class=\"nx-nduo-live\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-hint\">Hover a corner, a line or a row to trace it across both sides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"all\">Select all<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-sig-act=\"copy\">Copy brief<\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\" data-for=\"phex\"><div class=\"nx-phex-rhead\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Route<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Applied to coastal storm surge<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\"><\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code nx-phex-rhead\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>L<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>U<\/span> \u00b7 <span>S<\/span> \u00b7 <span>R<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">A<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Response<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Pillars<\/dt><dd><strong>5<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Handoffs<\/dt><dd><strong>12<\/strong> <small>of 18<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Loops<\/dt><dd><strong>8<\/strong> <small>closed<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Expected value<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nduo-vals\"><div><dt>What is at stake<\/dt><dd><strong>$390B<\/strong><span>a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries<\/span><small><a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">World Bank, Lifelines, 2019<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Return on resilience<\/dt><dd><strong>4 : 1<\/strong><span>benefit to cost<\/span><small><a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">World Bank, Lifelines, 2019<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Avoided loss<\/dt><dd><strong>$80B<\/strong><span>flood losses avoided a year<\/span><small><a href=\"https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-hint\">Hover a pillar, a line or a row to read how it is applied.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" data-phex-acts=\"true\" data-phex-acts-off=\"true\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"all\">Whole ring<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-phex-act=\"copy\">Copy route<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-note\">A: a teaching cascade (shock 0.6, gain 0.35, four rounds) over teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements. B: illustrative applications and the KPI each pillar answers for; values are published benchmarks, cited, not forecasts. Open events: NASA EONET, live.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-3\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-label=\"Stewardship, Methods and evidence, Connected\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Stewardship, Methods and evidence, Connected\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-stewardship\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Stewardship<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-audience\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Methods and evidence<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-s-11-sec\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Connected<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-stewardship\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"stack\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Stewardship<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who maintains the method.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/\">Water Nexus<\/a> stewards water and environmental engineering for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/engineering\/environmental-engineering\/\">Canonical page: Water and environmental engineering<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and evidence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How coastal engineering is modelled, measured and tested.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"science\" data-au-n=\"1\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"eo-chain\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Earth observation chain<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">How a satellite or sensor record becomes evidence on coastal engineering, and where each step adds uncertainty.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-au-chain\"><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">01 \u00b7 Acquire<\/span><span>orbit, sensor and revisit<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: gaps from cloud and orbit<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">02 \u00b7 Calibrate<\/span><span>radiometric and geometric<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: sensor drift<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">03 \u00b7 Correct<\/span><span>atmosphere and terrain<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: aerosol and slope assumptions<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">04 \u00b7 Retrieve or classify<\/span><span>the variable or the class<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: model and training error<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">05 \u00b7 Validate<\/span><span>against ground truth<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: sample design and size<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">06 \u00b7 Publish<\/span><span>with error bars and lineage<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: stated, never hidden<\/span><\/li><\/ol><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Processing chain in the CEOS Analysis Ready Data sense; each step records its uncertainty before a figure is drawn. A generic structure, not results.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">FAIR guiding principles \u00b7 GO FAIR and FORCE11<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">W3C PROV \u00b7 World Wide Web Consortium<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Guidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties \u00b7 IPCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">CEOS Analysis Ready Data \u00b7 Committee on Earth Observation Satellites<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-11-sec\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-3-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connected<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page leads across the Consortium.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/water-nexus\/stem\/environmental-engineering\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Steward platform<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Water and environmental engineering<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Water Nexus stewards this method.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-12-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Process<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How the process runs.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-pe\" id=\"nx-pe-source-passport\" data-nx-pe=\"nx-pe-source-passport\" data-active=\"source-passport\"><div class=\"nx-pe-shell\"><p class=\"nx-pe-eb\">Process<\/p><h2 class=\"nx-pe-title\">Coastal engineering: Source to evidence record<\/h2><p class=\"nx-pe-cap\">A source is registered and assessed, its record labelled and classified, and a Digital Evidence Passport carries provenance; a correction reaches every dependent record.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pe-steps\"><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">01 Intake<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Identify the source<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Source \u00b7 The source steward<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Discovery is not ingestion. Source identification records the source class, steward, institutional role and jurisdiction.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Register the source<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Registration makes a discovered source a governed participant in the evidence lifecycle. It implies no endorsement or certification.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">02 Assessment<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Jurisdiction and rights classification<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Gate<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Rights classification identifies licence, consent, confidentiality and reuse limits. The result determines access and routing.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Evidence quality assessment<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Quality assessment decides whether a record is fit for a defined use. Quality is multidimensional and never a single score.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Evidence label<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Every finding carries one of nine evidence labels. Missing data is shown as missing, never as zero.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">03 Record<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Evidence classification<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Classification gives records lifecycle states, such as source-verified, public-safe or restricted. States can coexist and set evidence use.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Source release and identifier<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s6\" data-tc=\"NXS-GRX\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Canonical data, provenance and risk\" data-ts=\"NRS-S6\">NXS-GRX<\/a> (canonical data, provenance and risk)<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">A source release records rights, temporal coverage and source lineage. A <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> is allocated through a catalogue and never typed by hand.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Digital Evidence Passport<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The passport records provenance, quality, rights, jurisdiction, permitted use and history, so evidence keeps its context when it travels.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">04 Use and correction<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Correction reaches dependent records<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step \u00b7 NXS-GRX (canonical data, provenance and risk)<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">A source correction propagates to dependent cuts and products without rewriting old results.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Public-safe review<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Gate<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Public-safe review decides whether a record can be shared publicly. It is a distinct stage and is not validation.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-pe-foot\"><span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/standardization\/nexus-ecosystem\/iii.-infrastructure\/operations\/nexus-ecosystem-data-protocols\/03-evidence-lifecycle-and-data-operations\" rel=\"noopener\">Data protocols: evidence lifecycle<\/a> \u00b7 Data protocols: core data objects and evidence records \u00b7 The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX)<\/span><span>Designed programme process, not a record of operation. No cycle has run and every programme is at service level R0. A gate is a programme decision, never a public-authority approval, certification or deployment authorisation. The data-protocol pages describe a design, not a running system.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-13-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-13\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">14<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>What are the limits of water and environmental engineering in this field?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Ageing assets and incomplete records limit model accuracy. Emerging contaminants and changing rainfall patterns challenge existing designs.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How are results checked?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Designs are verified against regulatory standards and pilot testing. Network models are calibrated with field pressure and flow measurements.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Are the values on this page real?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. The canvas shows a design of the method&#8217;s use, not a run; no result is reported here.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Where else is this method applied?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/engineering\/environmental-engineering\/\">canonical method page<\/a> lists every platform that applies it.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Oceans and Coasts<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Sector Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Observatory Signal<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/oceans-coasts\/stem\/environmental-engineering#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-bal-oceans-coasts-stem-environmental-engineering-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-bal-oceans-coasts-stem-environmental-engineering-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-bal-oceans-coasts-stem-environmental-engineering-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/storm-surge\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Coastal storm surge<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/oceans-coasts\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Oceans and coasts<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/climate-risk-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Climate risk standards<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-14\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Oceans and Coasts<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-14\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring a method, a dataset or a question.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/write-to-us\/research-collaboration\/\">Propose a method <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-legal-15\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Legal<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-legal-15\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Legal documents.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Legal documents\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/terms\/\">Platform Terms of Use <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/privacy\/\">Platform Privacy Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/cookies\/\">Platform Cookie and Storage Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/legal-notice\/\">Legal Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/acceptable-use\/\">Acceptable Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/participation-terms\/\">Participation and Events Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/contribution-terms\/\">Contribution Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/research-and-data-terms\/\">Research and Data Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/ai-use\/\">AI-use Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/intellectual-property\/\">Intellectual Property and Licensing <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/trademark-policy\/\">Trademark and Name Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/disclaimer\/\">Disclaimers and Data Notices <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/corrections\/\">Corrections and Right of Reply Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/complaints-and-integrity\/\">Complaints and integrity reporting <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/security\/\">Security and responsible disclosure <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/code-of-conduct\/\">Code of Conduct <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/trust\/accessibility\/\">Accessibility Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/third-party-notices\/\">Third-party notices and attributions <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Maps, data and figures on this site are shown for context and general information. They are not advice, forecasts or warnings; the limits of the information are set out in the Disclaimers and Data Notices.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><script class=\"_iub_cs_skip\">window.__nxMount ? window.__nxMount(document.currentScript) : null;<\/script>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"TechArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/stem\/environmental-engineering\/#article\",\"headline\":\"Coastal engineering\",\"description\":\"Coastal defence and adaptation pathways: seawalls, nourishment, realignment and mangroves compared, coastal wastewater and staged adaptation triggers.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"about\":{\"@type\":\"Thing\",\"name\":\"coastal defence\"},\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/#organization\",\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/\",\"alternateName\":\"GCRI\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/#organization\"},\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/stem\/environmental-engineering\/#webpage\"},\"isAccessibleForFree\":true,\"mentions\":[{\"@type\":\"Thing\",\"name\":\"Extreme sea levels and waves\"},{\"@type\":\"Thing\",\"name\":\"Coastal asset data\"},{\"@type\":\"Thing\",\"name\":\"Discharge records\"}]}]}<\/script>\n\n<!-- nx-rev:f090a86e2b5578b2 -->\n<!-- nx-shared:fcd06764cf14 -->\n<!-- nx-path:\/stem\/environmental-engineering\/ -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>40){clearInterval(re)}},400);n.NXLive={allowed:d,blocked:f,grant:B,register:V,hosts:E.length}})();GCRI \u00b7 Oceans and Coasts<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":34,"menu_order":1341,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_buddyx_sub_header_visibility":"","_buddyx_sub_header_title_visibility":"","_hide_show_side_panel":"","_buddyxpro_page_sidebar":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_header":"","_buddyxpro_page_disable_footer":"","_buddyxpro_page_content_width":"","_buddyxpro_page_header_style":"","_buddyxpro_page_color_mode":"","_buddyxpro_page_loader":"","_nx_seo_description":"","_nx_seo_title":"","_nx_seo_image":"","_nx_seo_jsonld":"","_nx_i18n_locale":"","_nx_i18n_group":"","nexus_page_kind":"","footnotes":"","_nx_seo_image_alt":"","_nx_seo_canonical":"","_nx_seo_robots":"","_nx_seo_schema_type":""},"class_list":["post-49","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":96,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49\/revisions\/96"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/34"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}