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E9EmxL2oMXLlHlJ8JMlC7BF9prApdFIz6872m7rFWUq9MTe4lbQg\/iuS6K0GFjBpYfr1oa0vcFQqkB2w9Oq4uSMTKk+Gb77vy6p9Ik01BOnH97X8AOm8W5BE\/fXhkNR5d1\/kQ+BwliWuR0SaXBI5HAQbZ+dvAgdFDnfhqjm+trPMAVH3O+b6SdDvXeYk3e8+fJZ5CUX\/ksBjk2krZaNxKcAJ+yhm1VK2OxLS7TIrgWGY0iuJvaEbvJIoGX4PgcD0WDgfB\/7PTbyzcrkUN\/37Wq1u4+gldA5V3dT7g5APHrxC2Dr\/Cm5d0\/Hg8k5y61CDdI8oEajx3zks26edncLDhvpkTf2I16sg+IVqSGQ+PLxqShrUIeVQuHterqgmEzcYdyZJUl0I3LgrZPDs\/DdWf8ZuMfhWKSuLeDnpeCwmHApvxsP3jmVDCPSCnNzr4ukRvZ+rSG0Ks+Yqscp2ILWpcJgx7O6YpyksVXPLLXBt2urMk+fcAhve1rBWdxIrOonndJIoOkmMO2lBrGKhHcY+jYyDfxli8nA89BMdLePtzu8SGjS6dpD9bFqQvPTItcLxsaaskKKLmnc+ZD2B7u1RJp1DqpyDMLw9v3PiZsMw\/rbeaUzTj+i3ANq2fsIfFCCGxfpZ6sxJs4X3kxhsBc+n8SKT+Yz9UAYaLQzSwrY2PhCLRnd1bNDRZwfVOPgdPfpV15n0l2Eis6Y8B69cHJeBfwb9xfaL\/hvKjm\/mRICDpkx9H3vReJ4EIZE\/RVwyk0jnCb7E\/UDEWleLtSbA3WiAOYizRFsAyg9stTMJMz5eoIbjoO90PdcDaa4HqX+0Cqbvy67389qUUTiDpoXFkp7OimsdUte69IrX9Bgreow32qvaAIQa8\/foP7GZ7EbmdLEI+ugcfH0oDg\/fZT59HdH0fT44a0541+0ekoH9y5yVcPpBl+a+0Q8CqCEbwRc3mNO76DkldR\/MSxyOiTU34nJGoCACpI5nm8RCCdc5gK9TPME+7mzO2Xim6F5dtaCFT5aHCMj6x19e4EdWgxNsVojoFdXbta067LNS0Bz7UFTL9X+IrGdeDncxSgOhYj3HLBKUc5mn9kztfcPmBWc8kxcsrHjT9C6wFdvzu3Zt2zBSr61PYjGsLLJ10R68g1MUTeekmJUSog9z0cPOvyGwBYGW+i97+tvVryuqB86r2KOkaM7f+KawlgkIeGYQ6AJkePnhmY2YIYDQxvh8+9Pq19WffiIMzA6RISKwDmt0qohw4vA4NlL6q07P2ZhNl9IQfzq5zPD2Llxy0oJwMnGBABM8K6ULyAeK3DgX8F2MRRTSpqny\/JkFLX5mEr\/hHZN1qsDF5NOQJK\/wxFwzdmg8YC\/YTY3iylJkqPr0zfp0ZvTZJ\/ExEcCRKCPIPMYjSU6bIIu7BqFCiu7Hi5XJbCcBjx3MgA\/KS8AD3fhjZL2b\/piyy+Tn7zJd5d+tvEyRvc+nNRBuaNPGPBzvZt89kOgmN9555j9XhhO+iInPnY3Pgq+wbBul1pCB61+JTve7mWELBY5bSX05xc137CWKLzVAmlCGPqIrx+qyrw\/\/hAxo+NHD9\/WkMnNwOJ3yL53K49LFoqRV28J0YZYXr39kkuKFt42I7P5qa7OJX3TrV+ZpGd9gfY4VAMBIrlrF9JwnMQf\/SECNTCKwRmH8XNwIIOFivZR7yssnD9lqNgkokifHtl\/fVhbms9ZrIc0hF9rrs8dYlSuiSyqsPp99mt+N5NCumeSPwwtD4uENmtgCuJieMYmGQDkYpom9cf8Ii\/M9jsmsc3BbPrS\/5ul3hQbvDK\/EG8SimT6MM8OYmBC11XmDJNzVr5glXAvW4BqmlwSm1qnqoYp+y\/jexWlTaX8K4nZSIn+v4beS50yrE8hL1kcuNXSEo3uQKyu73\/uyPZJI6idvzbtkpLpUM0X+Cq2mqFojI9Twdn8SMiQrtSgcGvlQ0KSBMZ2M+eXMb2f12e4S1q+5qGJbYz2YmLZoExovdPL1aw7fUPbsV7hCf67+v\/939S9oZvXHg2AvGhUMHUUTfcRmKsq19qa7mfcmwbTKsb6K32Qx6YPOyIBIMMlKMZndi8zjUANknPn6ANoCNN0RAtbhgmC4RzqAm9xD+O6VFRTY4gN0pR+++ICXon9i8YGtjf4Z1EawdzOKIzjhWlLLgS3ZQNVyQFUb\/B\/GwOZzIU7bD+UdcYoEOo2tG9lcnjLfHBtEMW5+do5ZY6kTffJH3Y1MUnkGylyes6YlpPPEs+HTeQr208ls6PM2mDXoOpHJHkzoAeTj+NeJpQRqQVXa43kS0915+yGxWPs6jYG0F9FkPLMDxozMCJqzEu5Oj8CYjTVHcFbfSP1AX\/JeyBIK7NEwlbKQso0b0AOtfkQ6yT5NJMProIlpvN918ESJVRjOhgluR1LS1nzVxv4ldjTPUj9NIUf1b6BQ\/073YZYSXBt1Oz3IN+Zq2h9B8\/SNzyTeZdalddXrJfkTiCs+Ygz7yfeczJo1Bivy+RhcTHzic52iZ7IjIc\/3mLV7LmLruhV8PdlkgwtHEiwK9jNlHbEX9ymmSg59mTuUpjuZuyGduhX\/MDGwT40hczMRJUQjp0vNUKK\/lTf7rpNke7NpldDKnqJsvpzD8+HpWR9YYKzamJ4+nYjNGabv4OlPhwYZ9L80b5o\/8+6l3eLGJYXCPsjZyNlDKbzp5rNMY24ZLl\/LvFuYdxYIsS8tTopyo1Hg5hQ609PWJ1Yx\/F6dbmUJl6jMwDJd+0AmLwTwNAFm2lQ0lzrflORlefLnxTNi8rIYxadx2DirAIbG42Bny12RPpEJm2K7vKxej792Wb1ezlXhscgQ+5WzuJ\/BjtC0efJC2zxxw8ezgSYcUeKeZWxgkd3CMWI+iVmbu7ifcecoVd+ag9zqzyvLeV6o\/xPAiYf8Vc6lTU6Chj1o8+R5HlMvYhfjCicw+Z++yJF0sxtKVoJsBXjlqJDaymX18wu3QCDjWCW7TGI0MIzNJSXmOTZDfxkEONI1Jy+mFRANRheejH+RJJkeZVHlc2PyHulOxLikqwi38oX1+n7y4X22UNr3N9riRXPBEugSIFoBYtcIpL0Rntjlj06eC8t0fuaFO6\/C0B+6JoyRhTxnycq248J2JglV7yHsTC6QLcZ1VxWEEoAoohuTyf+iP1mvrwKN78CFMyAYJFH+WRPtUeBmuA0MRpecbYiBW3zEZDblG3UGnzXXodKpBPmlmo6BzHrLRE2W\/i+Rt75JvWxl15MmAjXa7e7Ce29+vyBw73tD\/1z69LsjQ1JqowqoRPZwq60OB0mRxTHJjH1n90vDmHR6dqZeWMKHK5Lp8wrOZwhqlIyrr9MrFnMJeG9T+255YVQxwhLFptZlREgbw6WIMYfI6tceNAvDJCZcxSRDEv\/Scw2bhk7F8Am1tiSD317v13JlpPoeapJZsuA3zGn0AiEv\/6qO+hHWlXUGJSyuemtJdwEc8qYdEvHOKjw0x+G6d\/qamIbFJlTAlGkigzhjdotBA7EbpSyvOFblDxVr7+Z3xcydpt6MTZ1WiS5JujSMUldvjVCx27RildDTUDziXpnh2b6\/gY3hiyjKzUh3g65b1ipLbmBzPHA6PJgskyOvBC\/m\/OKd\/oMfMxY9paLaMSoqx8lqc+BftfUXh3UTx1srA027wVnE1qY57\/kBtcVLJa9zVUa1Kc8nNOEDndfwC5MzWHpZTAz3cv18bmJJqgYRHvy8mbn1oR6SEyBEufBTmbZlTM3x9Wp0XpkqXTNuQBUMXq9GqiZZnWRNTObY\/QpcbwSLKo2GRtj0t5p0R4vI1Oge40vVx5Jrnk8UigSeoYeZd+1VklVRmVOrac0u0OelHkLOBAOpDfnH85tZXFGzVOTFyDJUBocCfYiDY2Tqd0m61zSvCSeLA68up1IIK8Lu5bRfHG5gPRP8aODQflJNscnLnrlAJ0sTG5U4ngL5sjK36ni38QZdhdPxbexUbr4dXa2vo278tjrfs7zQcL5XFvJTWOlC2vH4NSwWFsjTOHz+7grkLWMnnudRW2z9\/gkskL+ABSK4Ji0mpC4fFRil+vWC20pK4am9HT+upgyHZ56\/uu\/7G7tHnUF5TJmjzdU30AmuFzbASPfxobqqjWTdJdDJ5+iH9DzqoGOYR3nAl5VrLyXYHDZtZpHWuR9zIx6qpcMdqpl1xj5nDtSBxX8iruc\/nzwULTqZJrIEr985x8pvfS2kmZVp5UzAbVOgUpPx6MvG39EJuqgri1PXbiVlb3F2rX\/UMRDAgHSZq7bu8EMBlc1NMOX4knkYvGzC2rR0i6c+XSzwefbRQKLNOI87KfbYTnHtW6mJzzb9XixZa\/ypqQFQ\/vVIGz6leKXzOcUr5xAm9ZIpdFNSnX8UHVHPWqtU1Hx2C5GYms0kOTCd12dQAFlaTHrrFu0PV550EgDj+6r1ata1PEXEND\/CE+p5O2m+bgXwiZl+QSryqeASRWZvnT1oWZdiPu9IrfIzz2yFxTch\/fGU2oZWatq9\/EeUiucatu2HPrW2LnQ6kifgClWxC\/JZhVFyNJ9VZzPcqIGpLTkk52xDZcGhc+eTz2ZzsL\/sZEG0otvwRpkXnFpwDArkjTGh0eVCIgqYHlDClWVWxVmdabTbKA541O\/6jCVuy2h7Rw5g16svJ+O+b1i\/1kzzSTqfWbFEd1sba34hVh1zRY1nYIIxmt0rAXH3llVeTrDOk\/2qBTFK74gampvMW9wsOo6zGSqYUKUYeoWgxGlpHrM\/4dgzOTWJTYerzsUkA5sqITFzvNHKrTq9EX16sXVmMDGxTLsu7\/DSWf23PqIzVyc7pFz4pugk8TnH5RbHhNmdqt0XDJwQli1hwiYujwVf4Hb83+1yNvCLmTMwD2YuvO5zvAP5sFDEdz98\/7TQSo4ihsucs+WTFoMvb4zU2zLMVzAZqXendByGq\/vGOW1vPnkoNnjv9rjWhcu8UlGJP37+kvHA7mcPrI\/GZIMw7U+ajBhr77LpwdxwZoy8+dhieDGJvb3HcOcibz+RwgWixEYTjeBOJI+sYjo5wh3GQqUhHuYq9XmPAnO19PjlbL\/uhUv7Wbede8ftuPtlZ4C3n3O\/KdbzCdebbqRPvt0MF3nny23mgu92t+nGnXO1Of5nnZhPvGBw+SmTA\/pJY3UpzIZreuve5xpQjWVaq2L7SXMQk0mEatMAPXHSd\/HKiWUkMdnEbWeiNzAdi8\/QNS92Z8hQoKzUZj6PzitBH8Ixw5ts9si9H6o2KGPRYN96sxqX3W\/OPj8n1QWX0aghdjQt34vX2yaDnBr6TvMyqeEJm\/xRx886L2g6VTrjP96rQNH\/BMtCzuantZi5Ykm6k\/\/Velh1cHhCi9+kMMlPoLAKCLDHx99hXa2flVk7bJLXAltF6BDpnvrgH4Lm+i7qUZwFVefA0Dut4Bl6k\/WpWPj16iD6tJBU6D+bHb952ldpal2tdePmMVFuyKldvsMggw1iME0Pu94DOrrDxksvClP8deXYOyONdldbAqKr4ePrA8iH0qlC+t7trPS9kx0rkjGQLD1bJh\/SdoZ8rR5XKDpJat3d5iJy2z2sSLVACg28nawqgaDcP9rACd3ouW8tQJnuH53UDT13bMzb\/aMLvMD3hzZUygbuHx3bCZ1saK3zV1jvH71k64OxU8Q37x+dwPU9MDQeQVEJwyPXo0e4gzAbR0pI+RJU8yDK0pBqr2FyqfePQRj7cEe1Z0VVoToEmZ\/tANVeVgiK+8cw3obRuLzfLHv\/mPjRjprdb5azf4RhkkQZ1ebuH4EH0jii2rz94zZLnWRLtfn7RzcDcEd\/i\/ZDGLoGeYlGd1I\/i0K22dk\/usk2S3Zss7t\/9LPYy2y22ds\/gt0uzjK22d8\/Zh6MqOamrN4yUBRoWC\/2\/K0tPnL2j2EQBLHkkbt\/3PmRl8biI2\/\/mHhxmLniI3\/\/CDO4o6dR5XgKEQiAa7PNDtqOHfAB2+wiSANIwQk3e\/tHLwRe7LLN\/v4RoQschzxC0KIh\/dhxfZttdvaPu8Td+g7b7O4f0zgALmSbPQRV4Psh24yAncIQsADAgPaDYJuwzQjI8c5LfLYZ41jiw5Bt9vaPaQijbMs2oyHxf8bmtqohGjONgBcArt1BEA8BdbhJu4sPuO2FXLuHMHmbbn2u3d8\/hn4aJuNJaBoM3DCLPQiYVoTIaUDjN2pFI4Zu4nlMq4fm59PEB7WiVbqRH4wQPBSgaUiREsfekP+zv0TRmiFQ1Rtbx8QPqOcvHx35oXYR\/B3uH13H90KKblSgafePQby1ox1NqdASYjfOknRo7fwgHrd+FIIRxbLqsH+0MyejV4sDkx5tzw7thG1FHdupE1NohwvMNBiVgAsoQHQPnP3j1vPCbcY\/cNFZCtww4B8gHA52wI\/4BwSlHIp+v8IDPjfAB27CtCIczqLMD5hWfFDjjIIhavX2j4ikbB2m1d8\/7jJo07fF+YzXmTKjoVZn\/xig0dhWd\/8YunFEoShq9TCZzKhNQK1otBh66dgKYN2tzfbY1v6oAKYVUQSXWTFqRcC0QRSyPWBIpjtqDumFnBIfeJnHNaPx7NCn7ljcjDbQ3tkh97a3f4R2bEdcMxoySpOYAgbo0MYLAptpxeAMQASYVhfRzchP2B68\/WO8A5CiSqgVkfUQFcqjSC\/ixQlAXepiJ+0YpFufPt243cXUyvcSrh2B1Y+zgO8fAxZ6FGCTorqkaFw38+h+SLuzf\/STwAsg144Q1dvGUcS1o8vUBTsKiqTdR0Q4BZAa91iQK8UFNMk44kvMByGgEBu1upgz2FFXBGpFPISbhhQKo1ZynQAK1ZA6ngAXYTzbjHYT7gCF2rgZXSdh6qeAbUaQDVMvgmwz2lB7a1MAz3Jym2RZGoYh2+ygZmBTGIubXdQcAi9lmzHGepHH9Y33chfvYpqBq2qIaK6fxXaYUQ+aY32J94\/JjmEDEqsBr6Aswf4xTZMdxdEkiIdvmv1j7KfRjuEpYUt43dCNaWRPrKSuzog2xhFFrRPrUseIX86ybebSTOWpakCe7B+htwMJta1Wjsh7kqURpFtjgFIQ7h8jGEU0R9CiRFR4b7MwZq5b\/ACxRLvYDyL+gYspj+0JXWGSFEoeYIB7sQ9pgF9gYWVV0+QF4b22gH9aXpICglqyUPz4+JHWlYwXRw\/xqZXAFD98y9E2eBkaln8W5xXebY+68bpHB1hJdoMM11Y1OEDMEUP6sJLHVXvEdzTYsssEWEwJ0iD0R2Q8wwrV3CY0G1A0u3vgEBbWFx4gmmZH9FHqHpC7wt4KD8h1Yce+svwxqRiH7+m+ZNwoySVBGlL0mWB3FmY+hKwkxzOMRJJLo9RJPF6SC0AEqc0mkhw6MGnISXJcr1iSc2I38BxRknPjMIltc0kujZw4tCWSXAR2IfBYSS5KAsfmJLk0ij2KBSKSHIi9OGEluQDEPkhYSc52wpC6OXpJjhu6l+R2MAHQESQ5H+yi1BMkOdcJQ2q8XpLzYw\/soCDJbYGTAVcqyaW7JMrkklzs72Iol+SiNMwSKJXkQuDH1BVDS3J+4NmRKMnF0TagONZekku3sR+KktwuSYIdECW5bAf5Zh\/Jx0EaJYIkl6XQA1tBksu2YEedu16Sg0iuyARJLo5c4CWCJBdkTkhdvb0kl+zSBGaCJLfz4gS6giQXxLsgyQRJzs3CLSdc41XGHiMl9ZIch9GDJMdh9SDJwQSGaSJKchx2D5Ich+GdJMfhZifJ7dwkSCEvyUGYOZTKppPkMh8EkSDJxa4TubFMknMDe9P\/\/7Qw57icMAe3MMsiTphL\/HQLE16Y24JoR3EcnTDnh4EbZIIwh096wApzaQYjWtFBhLnMz7ZZLApz6Q4GmSMR5tzYSSg1xyjMBYihhBJhDkS+F2QSYQ4mEY3GlDAXQy8CvDCXuRAmMS\/MJWGaUDxhL8wlcRzueGHO8yPoZ7wwZ6cBrUfrhDkIMjcJeWEOhKkbAV6YCyKQhIAX5lwvssOYF+Yc14cUa9AJc1mceWnAC3OZm6QUp98Lc9ku8ne8MBeHoe0CXpjbRp7nhIIwl4VwlzqCMAfDJNhtRWEu3UVBKghzwA5DbycIc6HvJZR+tRPmYAbTLOCFucSPU+rYd8LczomixOaFuSAL7F3CC3Oe7zpBJgpzWZaFSSIKc1maZlEkCnNZFHsUUAdhDnpb6O5EYS62\/dCJRWEu87OA0ngNwlwapQl1yQ7CXOzHcRKIwlwU73xa5OqFudAOd9utIMz5thP4vDDnxYEbxYIw5+wc6mLqhLkAJrvQlQhzW1cU5tzEg1QXvTDnIVISCMJclCUOpRIehDk7CamV9MJc4geeF4vCXJj41N3WC3Mwi2iVSy\/MpbuAPgy9MAdsJ3ESQZgLEhvYQCLMOXEYe0AU5kAYgdCXCXOcxDMIc7skcRjOfRDmvCzKdpkgzMFwl9m2KMylQQCZ9l6YS5LtjmIsOmEOGyY8iTCXRIkb+xJhbpfFSSIT5jI3dbdgjjDH7cIozAHPdR2lMBdCH3i+UpgTFkoLc7a9dWNXIcwJMKWEOdvewa0nFeaiJEwZkWAU5oTdYIW5bRxmsUqY2+H\/CMIc9NOEUs+OwlyWZjZFQUZhLgsTmjMYhTkY7eiLdxTmkiAAXiwR5pBo6no3VQ6X1Aj\/Q+D7Q+D7Q+D7Q+D7Q+D7Q+D7Q+D7Q+D7Q+D7Q+D7Q+D7Q+D7Q+D7vQh8Cr\/dt9PVQu8j\/809KjP2jH8e90kBTuenAOVb32zD1+NmF6LofJlDv0Fa9LfTPrsURZPUEJbXbgjHtl+PQ6kr60Pi4S6pMr4kg4C4VBQgiJa7wdWGn1BO9ZW1ctwIlxn+88pd\/YoLz6lTxGPsBwcoS\/Tee+yT6aPFiiW95OvsBenZ5dKXxEi01SU5WiCh0rb3xbIONYjZyiDPOTpy5FXyJ5yADJ\/lo3rvOegVDoFa2fgfivLgsqFPdEzUEAisCKhDmSyzQl9CJ2kNDkIfaP1xXh7UnRB0lGVhxotD4Rx0Bn8me79Rnue3k1VWTVLn51Zd6XXAMITVaxJAEqCCAUNUDZ9OZllgzNtpgFcNQfrBVKukZ2qSWhTRJ1Rna6N8XINc87SAB1imjfqFc16qH7b5Wf3wmJftVXUysZC4frbeYPyStxZ6La2rs5XlBVIoxcWlfnIwleQfrehnd01oT58qGyfnR5GSzLTJ4\/WitEEDonvpp6L6gF2nKoVfH9x0RK1+\/M2CbwsQw6IxREquH0+Yg+kMDkUVQ\/7jK6aDeZG3HxNVHbUr8lKrKouPhVPpvjY9pR34dBv\/dysvU\/i+XzniDdcRYgu+ovxMZoPNKmPZf3WdiqljyaAzXYNAFmXkSGLkiNpmLavrQNKNjWfTRnFzzJdIZb3eCHcg88SRPZkAx1wYkqKHEhgOmxtQoYkEsF0pQMJsINZwDOH16YIDJEZRXurGnHZNnxS8hq8P1RmWI7qThTHpqiegwPygo7JNI9TkuDWz5MbiS7qbt6QY5NIs3RGT78\/tikCucK2h8J7VIDmgyxkYT6wfEtr28\/RS+7VorjkUuStUGsBZR84FAotYuKZPIWRTqcDxjzF18CrU1vF5vqm0qx7xEGAWR6cOu4HKVMNZhITkbhDEOtTQJHVVFFYMj+A1R8vqRLkRYH6PWwiM5PUY1D2k22OuvjQtBMfzGL4Z4SByV7fn+IsuKc7QwX3y\/vfdcejcnx2fy3PryAvjzM9Lie+AD7q8tS5xjiNm+iSZeW1pohyGzRvjZMmanpX5VlUIT5c2pEskjr8kKWxNhTwMhVtSMQx9MGKsWnTIE76EskaCAS3SRhq+3dYgeTF9uTrPex8l7Ynb8i4VyzTU9QiTl6F2QkjXTgjHii39mRtlJHQs7iElTWThejZIFoJyhGwkpeygukZWj0LSst4saBRV6+irYPKuUGlYGL5zuqZ0P2tMbXg60ucANlL6df2U4MQlTpCl1vEE8jcPqhkoGkiLfsPQU0nn+YT2U+tp6uQqEm+xiNki6t1WFRK5Rg4i6orueaHugOHP5jL+RpUChwvhxyTNkelCUb9IoBoggwtIs1RcoomcHkySgeVBl1ylK47WSYQRzbOJPBomQlKiMSuxCJlulhfTIurSCRmLBt1E9nuQobr1E1DroGUh6kxSVARUTVKh+A03W6SCnKS5WiI\/Z1mvoLhS9MgbmKt5aXG0BXy4Usa3MNaY4I\/qVJDm1aB\/FuH4Q6sk1UrtPiW119RmGdWhVZICJgO812VT7ZEBm1M6a0qE7CeifUfg6vXHvYFnri5ij4Uug4VUqVKPlJK6y\/FFXJ15OVNBoqYBF7LXptdfo\/0SPAay9m38tPayk1ckD4VLzJzbxsyvCbO9VAuNBiAXPnw\/gzId+aiNwTcc6zVRA2apuICBkOYNyn+Tysfon64H0KJI9UvRPhsmwe+GWTWvBzU7La9Z5YTT7GoDD1fzMtV8wd4Zto31\/OrGZHpIWLn9QPYkhLl1w087f8ur9QoqHYliGhdWMjZ+EhBiBCK8GZ52j0sBS6Tw7wG3Ah0T2HXcUYHPOWHdGGaHmlGVTQlP0+v6\/IPdj2QouSfH\/PzJYntaMUy9yGJ4Ins9VKsxVcs6\/EXoM0rnbadzfv4ZZtk7qP3QtjQSIoqy8zqEBZKxA\/bIKb3rOCWtIlU\/K\/q8G1NQPNctTSYjVsNNVSq6lfDfk5vBWTQlVjljQomPV8fSyJUzKkXUUkP7MT\/LWRzVBHhofA7RRfOyanBS8uE0\/6G3d0wM0rwphnBoEwtdGmv+GKMySq9pGgS05u3rQw3e0C5QAEQbDmrkC5rmsGyfHC9I4WFD0yXkDLreiK5dS1xApibYwhrF50xNMrKFSeYtO0cciHWvObIOO9qbJGRE1P4SGeXJX5GGhEoUbcskT8rhDrnz+bZUAtWaomYanbqlzdW8gbat87gjyHZ\/LzDXAZX93PMFj66ZGX95VauOS+WoZn0CBeXb0bEaGk1kjg6Y5KbRGaLQ8ntDlIMwYINa1qTdCZBbAIaQTiux8rUK0vwEcVWM3lZZAHXxCzys4Zz0QzJ6BNpoHHFMj8uXvgynVtP5vixEDIXFkVZ0dfA1KOAouWh\/6M1ZOrdZApt+WatbFcZ30BbjVM8\/RV2MJ2umMV48KWPdKplMm8uFADKJiFILU\/MJtIMP0tLU2C9lFSvHjnQa6c6kSCBmhTfqqN1l1RMGU++VOeqsogFVvr23V+gSPvo+WeQ1Tk3mpnsEMrmQb2AEnTSk6hQFU7Oi1ACsnP9D71Os19MTLEUYOXhwy4q8P1mB\/csG\/ddaVjcBV1DmPUuIrXWeKyaa8VyOps3PEy6E3VFFfE1HhJlCbBHjOTU4AclmLuaE52qkcq6FfgeYWa6FaEULgGAd+RtZcMgavfH1PTVjT50n2X2tWvrRpeWqKA97XOqJVXOYOBRS\/h4M8rqaUsLjjEahBxPBgSwYlm3vOnrRL+zlOk87Et4QVoHn86qfD1sl+Fbz4zkvJ6hR3YOxt\/0GtH+vI5aAHvxC2YP5RasvPuflbEflvJT5tk6gncSPbdodFA3Fuu752J\/wljON+kyOoG6HPkM90jdnUL8oVSJUqMUg1hrKaLhjC6H2FfsEEKqKztQLZJWrOAPLuns0WAW+RFN9Z8nCnsO+JQXNEdQ1Wri\/8qbGQ3LqVRiGFmu5gSTDuCbDvClGoZgpbqTJbQBxB6ubjUY7\/ZEr4IEqNO\/0t6LjTnw0usiiHu6mKS\/ggajjFM7eUvMXp8nQ936CLWB8bwmz\/WnOW2hMpCllAEZ0p4yLoz0BcKu5xAvuVlZuthVexouvqm5i35ozKPcFWFbC5wauBI0fg5oniP22RQvVwl23lEfO6YxUvkidupnWiku\/06phd4IWluRtWottjqTNlbR5kjZ\/PXvRfYKlJQsfv525+DGD1Fre7ijaXUW7p2hfApAqXwYM\/N1cQOAcVmuxzZG0uZI2T9K2YNEo+dSSRZPvZi6aZNFai22OpM2VtHmStoWovxTtF6G8DN1lqC5DcxmKL1o0Sr61aNXkw7nLJrnE1pJGR9boyho9WeOCtf+2ZN2\/zV7zb5a9RnFI9i9cs7NGjStfeOCuUeMqFB54a9S4ioQH\/ho1zt\/9ZtExx5\/N3flGOOQ4lZvY5IpNnti0YL9JLrIlC+6\/nLnmPsHaWtbqSFtdaasnbV0Agld4WLJ+\/NnMxeMEb2uhyRGbXLHJE5sWrPZwPi9ZLf5s5mpxgrm10OSITa7Y5IlNC1YLUP3F+avFn81cLU5wtxaaHLHJFZs8sWnBalFmuiXLJd\/NXC9JsbcW2xxJmytp8yRtSxAaLCJf+LO5CA0EwoXz+4lNrtjkiU2LWO8C1Mt4b\/zhbOYbpxlcSxodWaMra\/RkjQvWjnMDLll79+HMtXepDteSRkfW6MoaPVnjkrUfF0lc+LO56z4K8hbOsyg2uWKTJzYtWC3yPVmyXPLdzPWSZI9rsc2RtLmSNk\/StmDRKEvjkkWT72YumqSbXIttjqTNlbR5kjb5ohmXPJJxUmWyppJSTvaEU1RqO8JvTPdDUlrqeyLvTPaFk2Bqe8JvTPbTJc3U9tS9M9kXSrOp7Qi9MNkLzsqp7Qa\/MdkPyeKp7Yi8MtlTnkBtN7k8lpvpgyQJ1XZDXpnGa3yeND11B+7ZKJZR7NqZ6tpZ3LU71bW7uGtvqmtvcdf+VNe+YdcTqiDkabNMF0S+nK0MIvlp17JWR9rqSls9aasBhe5noIHvMEnDvpzpvhzTvtzpvlzTvrzpvjzTvvzpvvzJvlBmXC01Qi\/c21O+fP\/6EL\/dYcf7jm7e7r6jm\/e67+jmje47unmXUUfgUN8H2KijuwAbdXQXYKOO7gJs1NFdgE0sKZqeOlOLUT\/OVD+OWT\/uVD+uWT\/eVD+eWT\/+VD\/TpIvKbK7n7sf3Ft39VIr06XG6FxcPhJOtTw+DX1s8iEwzIxkEv7Z4EJT8fXoM9NbiIeLcAFRxvhxQB2gwwAHesBMkn73BXpAXFw+EM+NPD4NfuwcbSxLfL2Fj+y9nsrF9Nv+1rNWRtrrSVk\/aOqldQdEZjSyaRuElI+Rb8+7oV8xHFCx0Ue3XpYz8sKXu8f\/5RFzjZ0Uj9WMN2IAyqSNeF9RIeUONM5GIWN4PxMRIMVvkwzmxvQkKboeyeHILrWu\/wkHN2PvL73OySryrkeNc01pN+1FAhQ\/9TW5heJrXe+RhxU5mbxu9Y\/ybLpSddZOdSlWldxFjCRqqA6inZeiNyX5wnUFtP\/iNad0ZqmPI9UMKOZ7y96e8XDX1Id5wujT0zXoVBL9sMCaeQQ3LaRUkKXU4cyzy0Xrl2exgjFSH\/G9hupJ+OTWr37Ts7m8GYvtvWkb3NwNh\/Tcti\/ubgYj+m5a5\/c1AMP9Ny9b+ZsDTknqSXCf4dGmztA2VKKe8fKsWsk7vkpTsQhDPIidRFDAG22Yia8mYGA0nyrQ60oGpvuwBRPAIfSF52hD\/YZi8Y14cFlnLlf8I908RQGVmDudTAwvvn4PltmwfQiyzQfoPLlCsT888K06M7JJZ3iNNHg8zxP6E1EcGIZOTizdMWXSC5QVzBMYf5GVu+m7zlp9xxvZPzoo0UXOgoz8kpNNztcwOgsdEVgwhhSNdbMH1mFBi\/ydlSfqc4jU4lMydffwQDOcGkg14eKcqCQ61JzgwS5PXkU2YdIfkcgN10ZBHLLLdkE19PLi3ZVQf+iF0DKdCnYruHnNHGkd5rl7iRWEpY3DU+Z2kMLgrvi8PEq0qxEoYR5EzhVl0ojIVgE2nbu0y50gEyXDIxvYz+QojWXU4B2IOk0nIziQgwxWAPv\/6kJfNGSbteAngCnMbw69PEDSXGnJfD\/kFkrpqGgRL9SJe4Iee4d2OeQWoVAMTGQb6eP28fPJQcP6GxhBE1NZr6sAM2of\/xhcQQm5\/bgkiDP25FxD6hq9006W6mV1uSFJdyP2c6kJ41kiRJKsK4DOapxmB4EOv39L8dUlGAdeo91WaUoGmt8GAVMVRaSdDufSo1XqRtP9mWj5GfavtFrHPbOoZn+VFot9l7kZHzPikX+MtwtfsFE1owN+dGIbSVqyaEyiK652ibbE4ZaJGCcaqcAFd8XE6aYaOM5mnKcGTnUuE8Uff\/iTVr0x8ZYEpOTS+0knyJ4KTjfifOXeC\/iTIFCP3zPc4SuJDjnKfUsPjAg0LgIGPUU8X4JtVQ7TiWbng8MwY6qiHvFrCQP+TgDMa9MpnLeA0mYEmJWkN07xtFBkQZFrRhZkJuoG+NZcTwgGTm2ZI6sLrzHhTkvGo+33P\/aWwBXnRWCdQv9DFyoy6s04kkZ\/+eiGJ5mBS1V3V6kuZQozA\/CPjxL74u6Ebw8pXZM7sz7m68EkMIlwZ36vO\/Cfn4IzG+Vbk10k0NeppRSA7r0KTNr1TDAs6LdW4OIdKL2aNqQv7ll5iRrnHl5SYJzLdoQYI0b8+gLZAUVfMrDDF6DvubwfO8oBNDIqkpDU8Q9A+Oe6GqdiH1QqXU2mRQ4sWhWq6TVtaCajE7EgTX3wbpdT2oinCzbx8hMXZ5NWeomIQkHWhvOl\/Rnx\/udoaTq2nqkwvu9WfV5ZDgFsjgW\/o1v+hrRXfXhptOdKF6b4RSK4agWkRnWeuJVpMMKBR1GQotZDj2MlxOmNOsPBe6soPXuV1N27Wf6pS20rVnz\/xyvB029GXZCRCjWLk5IKiNdp\/Rr9EgjXu3zaUE6xusCtJl71PCnA6P\/lYz7P1X4+bEH83UX1qSMNajyl4VOWgHFffISnWjHvEBk5NYYluaSRnNjXc1v1Fw1cyf9t07fLtRAUMKXsUdlw9oxqNyP8bZcdG5SCwscAgJzYh9WNe6s\/Kcz1jHJzFWaDTDIV1qWxUdJEAV0uNmHzNG5NMyQZJtah0wkRonX4Ze6CRrgN9bVNU8IPdU8PM7wMKUAdWcM6aShaGU+uT08IdReqc6PNBCl9jmZ5PsjyFeOg6G\/O5IkWqeG9MO24Mo0onNWFL5QkSXgdNLoZOp40tPb3B3+GO\/bCjbxKTyXaCuuUlmZyPuOwffznBNAerp3MNM1g3Vg3TSwJT61T1Xpzot5psd1Vj6UJfWHQSJ3ClPVOSIpe4QhLeNa1OIC+\/XxGFTJGsvWf8u6qXAowOXqkVr1eBSyWiYa7i9bBAClqhrbmJanjIG6SEQfk9cQv8gDFKMSspR0DBj9zcyBcN1I0SYO0RnqDVVodDAVfxpW27ZPyDRiKkPXsmkr6quMVTYZ2ANAkyVgbv6RvHVio5skqjWRksR6cqhV8fDkUV93ajbnS6W3QHgmJ0XoZFkZ8buNoGv6yi4JcVaJHCjt1GkpUyQU7KK1vSvkaX7Holti+Z82DrUsa+GHadXYri68O5gZe0MrXC7dFHTVJDWLKTGevM2K9HquqMnb4eR+Z06aQQ3zRnTiOfRagN0sr8uoLl61MDMmiBGgKLGBva6ryxsVWuprkv9Qf4NfLJ0tUg9mjOakhBMU7mxvPcKqdJXuuW1n9L6PjUCtFb3Id3g82psKphXQkoX0FzxR5HeZG3H\/sVUUabfEzQjlVjnkFpveP\/\/tCSm9WXEzgXeVzDQ9HNQuX91LlzymuEu7TVkzhFzRi3qs6wxmEH1gE27aWGFtl3pUcHupUQZ2og0ikU3w0oOc8Atf7qVFgZhGnDzPpcnS\/n3rJ4ZTNau33++Z\/m7BAfLFjAV4Bz\/k4ZsmirNRI7XIXReh78XJlg788HKeIETTS6ul1BBlaru6kHjpIWIfyJis18ZdvZmWENZ\/d5VW\/HCZAfZ1T5XHAZkHm+zuiQyZDM5Ay+2dykVf2cCtYpfJH3g3vL0ORm62CC9Xzw68OlBK8gL1CFj4fvEzKorp8zqNscFGMfTN0hbcQKX02v0+LRrgTRjGo2CbigG2X9\/ArrNk9A0avATnmaFpqjiVeiLkLElGnDPyhPNIbr\/0XmR+YzNtHPpqy33zYK1xs+ZGGG1boH8Syrdf\/Rf1O06jjA1X8xizFwlMsL2Hx9qMpR2CHoOTg6au9+XCit0UpmY\/EEsh3yujMDijsaDTx\/XVxHhwntFCcLftnSyD58A0z68kks\/rN4Awm2u6KKXVITykHFqblT19vyiZlv4GRsTAWYiHxQVOsNabelTyzVI9Iue2IpH2m3Z6DzL3mZfn1IqkvZ1h997ZkbqnrLATfTh4+AVB5tpl5D3n4suaJoRoxx+0NqVbJZxoSkx4W51xO9mgScvz441EoUNE9z2ZihwExSXYPyAGdExT6zpSqQDOK5P40fw7Nd5eX50l65gtWUARyX6QIJmrlgBCPNU0PMhSIlKHfl30f\/6a8PXmpwBG\/UtypFbRMF7Fg\/7gPWA8o2LShg7zjIvGI1dUJX1+CB3N+8GkyFB13RIFpJH9pSrMNeBFPFEXWq\/OpVzTSjp1cdpt8jKB0N0rsd6acyuETx1mChOuv0Qb6D77btz\/fdng4dHJdpFE3HgeZz4+nwUNgdSD8bqee53K5J1RhcOVnN+bNxFb0MJrZKTea2StvrTyDV7MRSo4nRru+DQYhYtEH58XaEtYYAJ22xCOxMqUflvef3lR7\/oZdf0hZz76WkLQZhpMhTyNNcyp3mTtdn0hZWRVeRDr4EPbWgqgMuVDbBal78waC0EWtXuwvdovAsmNvwyvh68BSZqR55d3WC8SQVpWrnV6I1h1HHpjEeTxNaY9Naxzd7gCNMxWUO5UwIqfRKu5gJpQy5uqcT46zOVfExWcywO11CwcFgqvfuRwzKlK\/T1x3kpsqGjiepBu4Tbc3div7pAHQornJRrgdxhKmtLx5gXZ9zIy2yvEznyEFsGWB0uCkV\/qB0vKX2IJqRlZcaQcd+FjwEVEHcn6u8HA7o0uhvT+9404Fivz8XIIHHqkhVoVRTbEnf083sojM535LOAPVzmC4yLm20wAZCfRlZ5NRoxVX6wV4Y3fnZzPgQoYaqIPVMd5jhcqUx3Ne6\/+dJVW60Todmb3YiPM3E4KPFn7WpOuz6\/H6bCS8zgwwl+pwkG2P+xXxhQ7AmBReNPgFtv1kYohkfMJW6AY23al4PGy2OoDeGoC9a\/+aEJilVWC8TSiOe5e8wlThSuY6\/9SPPtu3nzpO5c9SRyDsfHXehggDR6ahBoPIY2tzin3RlHYw0jMPJ2LdsnhUqOZ3nij4oUFudm3F01B63aWD+BNNTF\/liOZrcAVhDPG9Vaf46u7w4prnIAXGj52TGq8eE8st4jH7T7UlH4WHuQ+KE6v2Z+tuqauTct+\/158MzDFzs1r\/3nqkfK08wdt0QP9BPUzKqy4zqToQSqMIGXOw1iqdMUqpZMTyC1xzHQJBZq4gkqJH\/qEQmoGMnRHmgb0GzTxBHihGSbv1bhSgLbpY43HJG5319iMGTY2\/I\/9lfomj9TKQHFJIHwf7Rho7v7MZGVO1k\/+jarueGY2vS7h+91Hf9Hd1mncDfqnr\/GMShE4LxSV2BdP+YuEmYJFQryIv9Y2ZnbhaMrXGR7h93ELggYhot2LT7xwAEaehRY8Ki2D9GIMp21OxwYsn94zaLvZSeIDKT7R\/TXexus7EZSWz7Rx8EAd0zPtn7R2hHuzCm+igaC+wfgyzKAsA2x\/vHZAeiIGGbk\/3jDqB\/bHOKFhNlcabygcZ+wl3Bx4fv8p10g2DT\/7\/9Zefymwl9mGQev5mZmzkwZTcz2SXbxJZtJtiB7S7jN9PLfM8H\/GY6iQNdl9vMEG6d7VaymfEujpkx8WZuwRZGgbCZbhZm9DS6zQReGDgpv5lJlCSpuJlx5ANX3Ewv2wJP3EwQRaELhc3cAvRP2EwyP8G4Q\/zWmwRtJkrhfDi2yojNbscRYf5jw\/+7bLiC3pcNKk8vV8MOUZCCnvIOaUebBJZQloObvupRHqUopPMovR5XFs43tF6L\/icTTOoCZchzjhLrkxmSP6FuPVZetnWlTQDidv4pKHLMH1Y2BPx5mHVY\/XnlrteEN9xS4TgIHn7I55WKOm9tc16PmuxKlZWDfqdzKp2R9IP+mo5MYRFN+3F9KaBKHcq4tXLZfdQZtfTGAjIq6y3qdPYuIz1SYNsrEhPqoS3yvvivbxsU\/4T20\/liB1KPId6cadlfbK+3UBBLQgwKUCZQ9P1BcJghjpEVFjClFtjnPaDY18BNjma56juSIHGBDiWOSpF8shvBl95wISN2kQiAho3eRroZSUiVY6MnKu6ckCWJTSfNa9jFGRDbnZFMIqcKyA8vT547TajLBNuN5pk+O5xEOJ08eDQWW2M6VGrTPLvPbtnv0SS9wIgjfjICedTDOLYbTAGZJ\/RbFaE3gC1FHwNMVX1UJUB957Vveam6fHpdtv5ri2yimZG3S0OBts3K8rZPRuGiGIQuIQUxtzOpxlz7bpnGVCAkKE3YurJB6rfq0n59QAt8+P6Nyb6h\/mFI1LVj0a9gdcKVkaeT4+29Yr2CwqkHi7oM9VCrqGEjQWBb\/TLBUAPM6jsmi8F\/oqK170isMvMl6APStyggffgVZDWb8CRANyRjTEIm8AHvEMeB+ROEjhr+hCR+mb2WacLI5yqg1Sp0gp4ZZNFsPphsbm7pQUEjZ3e5L6v2achJQPpG0GnWysQETDqCu44o7Bi1KRHiPmX37E4XuqxDdcXykE\/SkKSH9WTwwv6qxMd2Yu08iyljFfOOV9zwvONadtvtbGdugiMdANh4TcVBxB4B+CCufsWu\/GK8psmXmBdS3pQMde0KE6FwZMSNjhMlGaCQJ7PaXqHvSaTT5rQ4yw9X1gRNIacrTQRBdBbnw15fqgplLOz\/RgFs+QkhJFivqTdi6o06b16seC1lWPY5fa4Q3m3Iz\/HvTkRCaUBIeH\/\/IDviv9fygLmzyqeksS5lTqKHefGeybQ+chkdp7jYR4AiEd\/4FAIilV8mTQod77O8Hhx\/O7QZJHx\/CiFZHkecNd+hFBUJVh+rpiWR0F8f0NGV3HSc6D\/Ad\/wUh09r7txZEo3xvOSJ1dA8EVVVznPd6TLwzv0wTyMxchq9eynnbDBTZ6R\/nc5f5wa2vncd3rI2O2fnjzlTMONOVaBYZi6Vz2D1X6s\/kfOMqmZsZn46fHgdtEkyHNKarCYh051o2gVNY7uW7AtOnj9vXxgNBpGTfyhLNiE6mXxnx\/TkxIH+gPobuRp8\/4aZpC+kIQb1etJMquvtqnKWIvOzZ3SHo6tTM6tt2eSH60Dy9iv0e\/Xn3tMNp4eV5YJkq+QtCzLAQ80yMaMvOqM\/5gtRugmMbwdUGEorv1OJ9rEbO5VBl47gNBGsz7DG1QryV5wzwVYjK55vW50X5mSfDM8nWkYSEvdn54sndd2aHRm3uPAkWW5etGO5xj5jKvYaql+h5aXPdMjP8OLK\/hI2q+QS54kVw7\/nsH6yv7gb+8t2g\/7XWWtR4lUbr8N5xg5kzvdtLt1e39JTLvzFaFnoHPJ0UznY16atzirX9Gf8sEJ7gVKcoGgVbW\/OvN5cXWf1QeveK+A5Z9fXdY1qEF6799HfoK7RVrirQI8qKDWg+ZQGH9AZM0uOi0agcZR8tLK\/eEGzoYfumjr4k1\/6uQx\/VuV1yr+a2tbQsNe6EHtlbRNi39vAsPOsMp+yY9hnmp+uNPpq53LMW9leUoUxecTwDYsg4O6RTbbr\/1IXT4\/DGVybusK7X1xjJ5dx3LJKoRA6x+Qc0p68SnCDZxLhyPGhu0NEzx0a71G3DNZPY3gDC+3UWLgZG+PI9oOiWhKf8Dwi2Bjljxy\/yAqxO9jYXtU5pv3askfiWvHkKEwOnkGJNAQkrrV7Ka4haI9w5X1xmxUEDRK4rOrSrvIyy8u81W50VmsX3\/mBK32xGKrsUTCZQk2SnofZ1c3UJ4z7OosQZvSpP1A\/Fo6U1VczWoSyRiyLIhEyPLi2LC+B\/EAZ45VqfmzGlenE7uS+Te4VMUOKNIiMJTxpV3YG9YuCJGgvjLtF+mC2XzLvIWQYlMkR0WGSPEHNJGunWxpsmeGEvUiKVJKpGnDtf3mBH1kNTrDhSdLV\/mWDWGW6znqTgAI+Oetnmqz9CKQvfQkC+r0fWjYU2fMo8Q395mRMYo0axSOca3wUixRyHRb9I70w9jJVwUqUrpx5slWok6209AycIBfVb+JpoqQ+IcqKwvphOIHUwWTi2OLAQC7k+yYPEU+aJk\/Ph1aUmwobWOZ88SQZcnpmgNrIaNZG2pEeKmhG468qyxZEfPX6jLaZ5Tng8fUrRsDMVN3fLyJwXMoKxzbQOd1to29Wv9Jf8gXFRX1N\/+QuU26vprqWedTAX0oNunmlPEWY\/kZXEUbio9YdC1d9Ey1WBXXzwTXVOPXMNLR9NDdXDW2tUISLIzEaVSeYUNOlRyGVojHxxerQKeLr6WXbsp1xNZkEpnaXbXGV5TwzLUHVd7Iq8pleJ7gMAgqJJOb5ITJZFrY8zCugM1\/N8cydff1Mr5cxJd7HJDr0HhscT4N8pISFY8oaD8pv7sANlgVlXqIZS4hBvcqN4tf69HsDu7bAFbcfsnMXwInKVvnovPWL6Xcu\/Z1r\/p1Hf+eZf+fT3\/nm3wX0d4H5dyH9XWj+3Zb+bmv+XUR\/F5l\/t6O\/25l\/59jsxuu\/fDW\/AjXXjJAb5rYrsfdNNsgTMyHJoBhwcD5DUCOvmU4tJKR9uEOGhYVVpIjs1Fmm3BlMty53l7k2dyz\/pMgiY5Ippu9p1BHXuUlWmslKtbo6tzPmokud3XepjUofQGWS04yIPaBO75LNTEAzPSeJSqFSSgPEvjwbO+aPt88ii++PCXiI59CIVUIuByy\/RBValCbHY8OgRccZqvDbfBZKe+yXZNln86kYFI+jVKXj2Ngs1ExtgVES+alOFFmo1BwLyVs01e1KbZ72+Kq+k32Nv15Kc5+JpDzxM+C1uVPii1YXnyTpVNSggYLGmX1XaOdEA8hsTlop1J0rhZ7qzzZun85G+bQmM3iFC8yWp\/Rudkf9MOOfVXlPeyJbPYFxFLZVCk2ZCM6Vu0VOTYzne6TxpaMutzkKQJ9XAEruNfv5jjIrvuUWXp5a6IT+NHRwfSvNAu+lvHw90KEMnjuhMKJ4EuVG8ZWGJ02RlEI\/nHArS65c1KXi7fMRvltNC8\/NdR5W3VpkT2Elpw3jE9cW8iXTMqPHjd41YqOH9xSja5ydGsFY6kkyn2E4DnuGBpQ6Vfm6nQa1QJcNfJwmTdNd37QD0yxDLv6+UyQa88O6KADcYS5m91byFcaGn1DJV+Axz8erId\/gmKsVdAOmFWxuUuIOvSDgMwVkFgkKprpUPOyhMtmhSQWMpqa0WBva1U\/pfAQNlFW4D7ncARHvhB3dLTimm8hxqWfwgA76\/l+uvx8jN5lSeRet3PRVN4edinh2qs\/TPDXMpODf53vu91Vh9gipo3gHYV2to1NsvHTbzZRtAyxWuYkLtmtofphIkDyMOitxdE94lqgC9SOu8usCw8bQ589XqJ1BXjfX+XEbfeQisWTl5aHZjKwLxuoN6+7VrK+GqWiYrpFrU0r67jiPunpb2Ncxb6lZIrdBSUcaToOstTUJ2ic0DrF\/Zo6M+P3jlVH2YeWYairppSJR5aMusM8Gvsh2bO6Fk16qJRZg6S885Q2WsNZcN0i92+xXD0hQxFw1cg97uB9tlGordNBu4GFejFL3EROhBA\/PzLd3FF274fpoSuFGGhGF9pWzlSrjudFQ97uJZtqKnHuYiljoLcoGLKkHbLlsTbUJbRQ7idsvA2vmbTBMAkXPm3piRgzRETGLRq97GVy6OXaxjugXShL7FRGLPlVEd+Dyw9w+ELFhO0Etml5IDwDHAXZTMJjlxrRDMh+jOctQcDYGagIsWWuTPVnCneuO06sJQXf4NjDqileRbQ2\/axNj0s16nVPX5c5wLOT9PX4WmC5NsHBioN+kFMbH1BYp\/Fzn0Lv5W7JwQvo1ExaiXwfjJBZ+Bm0RzXYb45flpjBzZCtPDLY5iiqXnE0umOqcUnjQmg3dyZU76JvkQus\/5nz9Wc5HjMNeQmP7zskLWVXfQl4lnXWUlTl\/RhspcT01I5PY\/Z9GgYgzLHFpxfV2JcStmx0uOfcNDw+YB39YEVCsHjAfPsHB4IQIPbe8ZnVbsz7t6huLTMnEgdLeyVOj3PnCnj3cHJzjubZPto9pL3RXuNBR+pAfOuQN3AnkvdHMpkuWkV6q74IVWJ37T6jMpvMeZsRzKwZN3ugdFZmlduYRTkMvDC44lgdmzBOu78VZrs2mhe6D3jPp5ssdx2lJbviATuKG3glmDKbxsTEtoqK91PnrWRJGiCKp7EDtkyJ0r9Jd3kOeHC\/\/V1ComFOUjVi6DHd6FZK+WX451KvPwflcfMiMMPY9LSzgfExvNrGwjna4RPc\/JjOLfqXlnJgCdaRw1xtvQbnZ\/ggMXVxcV2oFnnCNlEeQGEs6pjpTBf3VujLivokX48bQrbED2C1OjV0XqkgTPjTGGC\/4Qra45B23Gb3S26Xzsrt3L\/dHzlmotWLpF2NsHp17jsca1FTkwNsxbyF+Cx8X5Omvm16Brt1lmbWG76cCjSa\/Z3Z+wqw26Sj7fLe5vCxfFsrxObntw3nw9bFXCSZeWkdInGOECqHfufdLvaS76EfYoWhQLte71g+tAumV85Q1jdBhAnSmbhgmplCVLJzoxOlbRLBwsFm8hWsK3Qi+zNIxVw+mMXGoS4eqbgzBHd5k7UsvBKGj4c+2BgmcdnGXWDk8Eo9swpSK67iLiWOKtvNle5VVcwWWEEtviGT3bkETQ7HBmEN2Of13aV5rXaNM7+QYlslxFBodDt0lCD4QbPXdahL63PN99QkUugka4thkF7Muo8X3Q5qfzkc6lZMXTXgBw6ZR+aXzxN\/xn2ekffMDIZcVzVgipjIItEkT55QBIpaSAdDLMjZpg9yTIn+Fy+JEOn5QzMDev09Klp3y96e8XDX1IRZeXW2jXzbyRUgyPLgzOL1JZfq0TXWpSn2UpEar0WRf8\/0Z0GffOB33xvj9PuiVrv7tdxbiH0vVq7IpzVvQlPJ\/Mv+u2Bvxcj4KVo87mTh4o8XkRsyyeXBjzwXpoT5zyUos\/3emKSH6WUSE5rtLOVJ3Kd1Ar6Bo5Bquxfl6pobDGXTme2l1yhVaAbtd6B0+PcPPSrWzGCHItFIzuCECywGPYSlj0EDsm062mmispry1x2nMTN7jEh9pJ7hz9p5xPmdQXuckV5HLO9Pj4CRBGOYE1Mhl7c8ry3kW1O6Lul4BLdZNxRiMjwSGUxldMzc2QZhxJ+0tSlyA+kIEu0OozeRryn3WJzCT+BksPEZEyysTzwZ3M+ZCNjDkiEEWHdPVmH1ZznPkGGEg5vswoQB8J+RqJgJP0n59AEVxPj58XzApHKvAmhVvt85SW25Ug2rxiKO9aCi4MCiq1oyBwdik8OPGkV5YUuVK1DlGZsAePSb0DOxHKPMLYyjlTdQ2ocFzItvYXe1jxUTCPlbZ0uT1Y8vwURZ3WVGjIa+Sy1VxpVkjVuWmL9SUU4WaBjGRepqIT1X4cDxZLYgbUroGxL1WlPay0JSjGhnwpDqdqwZx4CCv6RNMROD7VHVUurk3lzoDCRRLJOsuj6R9X8JILmAYBbJAl1KbIER4mio\/A0RTeBqk7+qFsxXLbiOlz3NoIOwY5ylWHeFlCSVViMgs\/hMSEohhBTOcSDV44ThTiDF\/ufNCBH\/cE9Sz9TGaEQbvG9oDMXBp0o1zg9l3jP2YlWVogkjdtuoZGXwGe4lJBEduxZLijxpigia3gH7eRgzxoEZRWaE\/hzTqAc\/4ISqjBkhBTrv7Lxr1OFva8oMl+lSy3lS3HSrO61GsHYQL83G1g5YPJ1aNMrJcLa0kdfvFtFj9AuIbLHWcx4lN85DjdrCEbaKQNh\/edYuNzBSqjtTZnweyDopxnacHyN0gN1GTrkddalld3j1zQysXVMaWAtzpXU67We73McyqGl6Hnh8ens3z0wb2L58R7NJNztKaSrp3gAzQQw1J55lP27H8Gh1mdb0XUdgtognPb3Xeoo0+oUIuq1dYt3kCCqsunqnX66oFLXxyIiTjmSwL3I2aMBKpdx\/\/NYRpHNgZ3oI1S5osF3s+DwWvaFdnX139unNUP8AynUhFq1PIEac+mUDksvf8Z9YjMPfdnHLbR9AgilBjDJpK1Et1nAu9qlyehi9fnCFJMrWvOzG4F9MvaeHymWzri3uVOW+ydirRS2f+OJ5+ZeqLudtYEQDL+UaVRd0sLvGmS9ZkZvPTLPy4DRZaXwNpQPh48KPu4N9zBqtfuRl9wlVtMKlvc83uhr0NOmCJ8et2ijp3zbc4XUwRtAmRh935me4HBn3LHSmULhsac0W02910rpeHShrsmUEmArL8zV1RQ52X4aYtnO8ec79lqXxk7oGUt5A6+z66mpG4+F0kNonausk0eG\/FqztD8Wq1xRvjuT7F87XF2x6ezu3HzIh98u11pm1bVjmdtSHYd\/UIoufKp8eTCJtLcuTZi4YfzJ18XjzkTNsmRyrEDIsZNpPFwsRzfnoOq\/x655x0U+NJdRTykNUtxRRvuaSUFjHE3ruux0wlgnqhd8yPt2igAczLo5X0ruhFceUNqXTycByGMs+pcCrNh0dwfhwVFkV+bvJmbkiZGmzM8pZ6HDF7Nem9QsnWuhtna5YqQE+STZw\/pkhmD37rvbNtGBLMXXh+72hmr9rs1RsaDU3nQ4ESGRJIHk\/fN4xHRf+rsQrwUV3arw\/xJS9SWBMWyDpWJ2jB93NR1bAeWzLw23q8+oNw2o\/jXnNY051acZV+sGFmaj1KUlRNXh5Yj2w0dQGiQbhU9pRltogEG489oY5mWTqutKe61hMpw\/hsVjVTMc43xvdXVFmxnqkhPZxZSi\/ZoHSFytnfds6uZmnsR5fqmcVRewCH011jEJpmOhLchif1ed0XnI5RLMfiznM0ZwigvHwq1hxwj4j7kn2+jfpqt8SE7P4kQudj\/noWtTXsm1AjP5JQI19N0hgfuRiU6dcHdKmMYSfkayUKok++dX5pKA2DeD1RhIZwBs9NUldFEYO63932mJeG\/Q8+cOYsR7fEvjesEyjG5bm+ROIx9geQdj7LkUbaA17ycByExEDy02VLj5Y9Z1zePXL5CphLts3bgkn6g4BunEVuun\/xEvdl9ITy3LJ1KvH+UOTp\/\/P1gfxGfOcrSD4spWJH9lEL61Mz75MCHkBh0efPcw18XOVTZdFowcQXd9Avg0PkeeYNnzEpRBlxdricSotktBfq+OrkcD2kBHRaAKxb+ujhpUdr+\/a14aN46+LmdiJdnUgUXFlcjbhkclkdanA6gfrrA2gL0LB964jpIJhPkDbFKI\/dksraOoAWvoEPZlHHnr+kiOg36jdTzXnUfiFGNE96vQu+Nw30S58\/xf0eZC19bqevAcy89JuPoZ60iASObegnz7b4MrbFn2JbDMe66VCZjoEYFLhq0809ezuyYNpJoKROCJwc8\/NmzulBH1yVnmb4sYR9\/vanK6n0Cg7wbe\/YdvJbrgcpeyC\/9VUSTuCM6yO8nfD\/HAr8P2lpNQksIf6RvQxvJfQfVpbDIiV1GtBlsj+C5ulb3+m3rrtvpPf1urf6j9rGAsLUehu9B\/Bi1utnRUpGwmAJHRSbBBTJU2D\/srJWXF+rP6\/c9XrkMyn9J21ckePjIIjgcb7TP1MVd5GA8hU0mPX+xsKJ\/VwFDOXiibMav\/R1\/7jmnDVmLZSbON5HjDlJudEtYsNBaE0pR7v8LrNwUiCYvw7FPFSIZ4y+6578YJG7594HeDbhWocB5+Q79bd1ysthB\/G90YEf\/93TiO6HkQ\/y24l0fyq+PqCAs7zsbZ1vpy4nu2i1WdyXqcckwTm795wcPBLdwUvOpLoP6xpLVwAkMzrmpxOskZ6jWUHQQCsvrerSrvIyy8u8hXPymJisnVyuw9LHeVrdF6j0IGw2D\/9Kfq7wz4e1GkLIBYuoJe1fRih5tCsj\/hMRyScrsH\/ZoP9asyq\/KddkpWVHYcghB1rhIscFcNN5GO5SgUO6ZX95gR9ZDU6wYbf+mtXV6SoD1n8+Wciksv7RVornno8e31iscsaJ4QtYKvEQ+XmgaM2N8oUCfEilu45XKBDdqKHiomkUjAZ5ph43hU2L6vLd7Cc7uGxjCpf\/HaPF4MH5\/kyHIHk2o3Bmi8\/cJx8kfQowepxBDct2uZ9+A8pGlt1gwl4ns8qJGUL5jAP4opeXQCc2TBTQeGrGKSI6ud7QVk75G+pHk4hLMhBMoK\/yJQ6JdZ0RVNa\/MTWfDq2NcuQ9K4zDJpbOETxSU+oEtGZ8Q4AyI6Stm7gVH5QLpF9RPcvLFwPUYFL4TaHI1Ms8qhh03qGM0ZvCfBeW2FPZ1qGZEegMreYIi0KWFGjkQj2KKRhbg7UBtUxhBi5Fe1OU+MTcZ6nYz9CCMZVraU7FVylPwfMgOKWBGFBB3DiMXdLPsNOJsTPVqcyFDI3LEg5CKwGKGxw9zKqqlU\/KUabWotg6JEb2lgoSqGMnR83+IjeHjf7xqirMShE\/a3Hc1UCkACW0xmXTB4NON9o4698xPmE3NyOlOzZMOlnHTbk0802RAiKysiAcgmVoaVZNHJpL3Ba6810SMy7SRGIT9cqjAexhAMsTTS3MUo3AdL3XQXq5UpW3yWT9O0+WrQFhcAJ\/6E+29og43N6L6orZGNBfD7JpneHVQhMjqL2fxv1n\/DrK3Cq8jFs30iSv3WdVSX1UlRuJ0Nq9mZeve4f8iQL8rbc9qXc6thz3joe8WRZH8BiKxxixQukpIILClBR+n\/t7VK8lRX4284Y9w9WfNor2XqxVPyfKErmMpxht\/3aENXw6upujtzn6m\/OmKjaXYpMWmzTdZPnhUsO19CLRd4h7WV9N6k6cIYqM\/JJfmRsQu193x2Vs6FPcJpcaSYz\/jPDhmaT0xXcZl4X3y5CXF\/WcICTC2063\/q1CKyPNpASrZqLd6kie7A3Y5OX50m7+2oIY65G+r0251+EAG7OvZ4jVrNow75kHirmxGQ5WtBnLWV3VD5+jeBOJSsbjtIDnRYBB35yxQxiDRPbzBOVW9GfmjTGTtZRqGwQHZYUDsWKizQXZqD7oG9Wfe\/3T3s7aHJSfuICp8heCJkfR3ZDAeCoXgijKLcjaIeKbflrfhgimrw9oLg\/fryPF4TJgdDyCKjfJGVp\/Q\/CnyotjE4buCMirKlGZHUzSjqGBq0tdwo9GrpdkVsSJNdjl\/nOl4\/4OH73Xzu8Dxz6xoL4097yocoYTPI1GK0I4IsGfU8oZSqyBvF15ntpUbjTwpCnTCVfEKz4N\/QdF+JlrHsRvTVKpPs+vsySZ5KwEVENmvvklxtE\/hxYWeylPHaOEZnuqajlf5PN8ka\/G6xMsL1eJJQzPjRVGsFkenc\/VrwxGr7uX2YKVg90slN2wONkET4jcIOx89JnmU14++chPbYONR\/gFenmh\/XqkCBObq4o5etN0ZaZpQooA9BaPw+MGfOsV4GOt247+cGw07yw6R9SHvMu6SIMlEHQncwGOPCxNfT6XalEsjS+lWoJYxdMxA3iprRX8iyx3P2G6mK0f4fcfk6jkCJMXikTNqx0o20nW1jBKIoopoSy297FAMsjG35SelGp4rvb+9H+Wsv3ZNNE7uWKNLtgFlsWh2\/RSWxlo2rWBpZDs4eIahd3nJO5e+X13k+p6SPMG+ewpauX1T9V70QkqPRjLCh38onqDqXrQfosk86ZEcJkNjnrMt1flenpEDbxzRZGc\/oLS9d6crtKTo+MxFd3lv+eT7cpOttG9cz9G2ewU33ReN7ed69z0YC+6jPLbz32+9OAz+2Z84tO8Se4pvpkjqf17QUgNZD5PuEK9E3YFvp9BmZryK4ruZgk\/zAkcjIeLjxQaW76Ubkazch42tVz+ohfFr+n8LmrVkAnBOgOk1cby2BP2SZSJ6IN3HUEHlOYT1I3cnY7cKRvdbbNRn+uNGhc2RjK4AcctXHY4DkK4THxVgD5S5oKYD+1WW\/A0LOadVdnPQhzo0PAxbLtxIGi3ztVf66qAXx9aECsyOEjua2nyfBnY1UDyJISQApdccmR8vPF7lsP5JU8SS7EYlW98c5sruATQLq34I+uLEJsGFjBpjeU8HsYzZbqkupTtLP0C\/kLAKGVlcVH9Y2sRyLmPINfpHCh0cOY6GKjLKJ1hFxnNHw5b9\/YsKJ+RgU\/qU6Y1ZA0Wu+lalWe0aeB8XJBHc5UU4HR+8tBWbtzw9W3jRf75fc3cXuSdAKVY32zd1+Nmi\/5UwVMVLSFegDxrrbDcj2\/lJ+QKvkI4AoqxBE2S10kBNyrUQti3oagOsvPhJY4djxZBYhbsycqhBvFzW12SY2fv2a\/OoLQ+ngcjsGbjMSC+5A3CmRJlUKF7jfPyoPjuraqZMEk+gfYQFdIzLVZV513ee\/v5DVW9TY6gRJAaXtENhaZ4KHKEoFcDvguVNOf4LtKmGAO5lBkqrIVgKUQ3UtAcodKjSnknj0Xgdf4cfb3fL1vF7FGVpNp4+rReHS+Hvm4RtaRCeMw8VmZyKMIZM43d6X3\/OH8E\/XK1HFinNeAsl3rBiweXjI2Rw0WBJQNgBG9F9zO8FQVpz8S8PrUdJGXNjUb5sTfOLE\/pxAwN8jA9wEaJI2iThSjEOWiIur8K\/j9qDYPoH\/QKk7aqLZhlMGlxL1aTgAKhHXmZES87GsAQOUGlQ77TvqNZDvERaD\/O8OvDAQGnBGWCGMJu7gh5QV2jkxSufMOOcKQVVPWD3EV0PSGiX5VcfXEKF1iouhM9pVUJFbXKtbzX8H1+Gqu+f1HNG9QoOQtX7d3I9Iq\/7JZMfz\/JVMMCxChvjuQy1scWrhDGwadhmLx8Xa\/pGCwjPlnUZxvZ5G6zdrgabyMZPZtxtssqlfICRkVNlBK+0uuN+eGuWR3NAGHi2srePuzD48+yRE9dJ6JllOxbXh5hnbdaRbYRnWMi2qY13XczZiHE6JXemugwvXd3149IUELN2wqnkW67NT6eUusT9rMe8RJ7YDD4aCEMWhs\/cPsHmhWsvhxTg3JV00YdLM9P6Kfl4chfbH+aGdIuoeE98mUaCFbHGvFKVlyKdXRVu206uLTL9IDaXsrqauCCuUTjRPp\/Sa+aCj\/GqjDS2aG4Kt0VWchj1pwBhGsA+YFjm5gFBvyktwszPGqY6UaunUTbMsEmoSRD01xH4WFB1huMX\/IWx2j3f+POsZZl7z5TLyDBHgeEdOWZRPFu0C+TXIOg\/MDe7LzHJnPKvygqEQ\/LP7HL9yTLD+4i+ShTK0857XcTzVppUhGMsUsI4r1jfnodhRAc5d4rOGoABWKMiduwTOo2BvxcopFXGosEG0\/nyK0SBgSSYgWLtjZFjrySkHBXRrlmR6BIM9Xk9deHui1Q4gpqDhJ72P5YNe0T9cGaBShFzbEQgZJwrJ8vZZ5UKbTiPM33q7ypkMCh5wpgbap4s3DyE8YrVMB+73ckvnBKiz59ikZwmanY0QL2XNWtIWBRQhoGA3keIhorDLA74hul6NBUupvQL06u8EteXmUYYQUTXA\/+uLq0V9HLeOJbot54yVFCXpTEb2DE+3gzouUz7AHPd+yCcZfsC8mONZ3U3pQzWDJ6eFim4+CjUa\/P3DSOPD7rV1ldFJm7JMOkMMmbvCr5sZh1CqORp4vGAy1oYPug8nYWdqG61AnUb4NnjBWoXCUhsegMzs7aJ+0T1C3MQGK+pBr5d6LNpTw4zlXxcajKJ3tlb0a\/ewtfMOuVjT3h8Y\/uL9v+ZWOvSHIlQ3x6h3WSNyIoZwOxaQHiKFLjBScFuNADy7B5cmwcz\/ddSP8lz3zWqZKRQQ7RDPJfZiTRxDV4MMNYztL4xHFhKI0p\/PqAdKAIM5v2ehv56PrLy3+vqwPSS4yAn+cRoO1SnOj8\/t4ALiJLOtsYfoQIezox\/lQ6sbKyzoP+W+UGNbl8zB9SCcWQ\/uacl6K50zqB9\/UKHTZQD2nxftD51LpPr2yetN6XrL3U5Vrly\/T3qjpNcROQQU7kv6Tn1XxK4DTymLTZ4Lqf5IA\/purTwGb0a5YG4oleKZGZV8rcawPPpbq054uJqkp0Z4sG5Zo\/aNmXiIEGEpPKDTIv8xsxTfaYifDnVUO78B+BToIi3NDmiiAkkRqlCqfprFN9h19OVqkwW+mzgoyfL7FdMR9jCx03h2n7XN\/FKz8y0XMbWg+daYusKglAXppKWpyhR0cd3bU83HAqVOFTkJYnCfP92qbJKDJiaZ3D6upNSCcheMQ9zyz9e2sGCGx6y2nPB1WkKO1LN8OC6E+M\/O1P10ldU\/cqOmLNGziPRid7YlVTprk51jNipLwuS4yBPl4dPUblG92u8Vb6oSB7+s\/JHWZA4BBneDGqEqYmFEqtJqU\/F7KWLoHduWo0JhqBkHifkC9EnfJDSM\/F4U+wUL3dnZdhmM8xpBgMjoJISB0FI9\/qkS5UZyiZPjFsSSaOVc5GedwVw0gmigiCJjaGvC3aQ7gtnezBdLwrOTINLDImWcn\/39638DaOXGv+Fa6CAVo9pKN3uy10Y2eSTXJvkNzgzt3FBhPvgpLKItsUqZCU7R6i89sXp6pI1vtByW7PohMkLVNivavOqfP4PpUhFBtTomnwlmvaWA2tovmxrimojs8CrjMeLSBT3SKyQUcWhO\/F0AVpQ4Kd7n5Ovu1C1O1Yh5ZQVNbnZfAgLsyNlSXE6mwJsTBLCCWPmEPKbTuAZv+vwSkn+G411dw\/eIX3Y+JTcP1SQ9sYYC61ReuXB3xnWBxTaaJNdTTPMPxwZfcW4Iay3FNN5WAsB+ygBYvEzjtIZxfNlxkOyO6iRLjAHhgG2SvUa2D6arGtBmrEWZrfV6G2WMz4qIbIMRUYxI0tXt4la28mQZ8y9241\/ITbDqWN9Is2V4Z5OGOo0SrJaiAVSz045TuEWQhIE7o\/O2zFq5nWXdt1yTXt2E\/KnzJmRQRZ2rgNNOhsefzgH7I3Ha+14S7PFLqi0\/c7kDrd7qNeyUaJSqRHe+HSOFzCB8Y2rGtHJbY85X5CRLNdbSHJi6G4wUOtKOUpDwSMwtnAFP66jLf3qsy+HrCQGID5KVEMk6GtGH71Z5riAFlso1uFNZaCq+jOQTVciYkqG64DcXmvz2thsroke\/lCEdThERWPKw7cTPMT3uA+04eTCFEbUyM9lPkmc8pbx8dFHBhq3wirTjnHhmnPJ4R2To3VSY5i7350+YYD+tiEz0B+l3fBSnf8kQPiqY43JHqNR0g3LF07lLqDsf3Fz0RodbSJS99rg8dR1lZxLt5jhvYo3+kbSlUuybItchdM+CmRgCqUqBQ8\/ZID6YV7+CjplwU5Md4UJz9IA1IsUSVdoDJ0Qak2s39bzyUmN7iqHm1A6bNzogG9gy2tzT0vUE9djiFcDwcYiX128jYoa1JH5pFKSCycZ3qhuhpjZN7la2vj8oYF2mlGanDMmbo8sG9Zo5na5dvmnlrryHLL9pmo5QtmW1StKqM21NeqTes1hFq67Au+ZDbP1xTDWdfagvE56sd4IkkMCeX33UzNZ0R4lUCPlbJIhnqAcGnBpjHQBRKN6CJutryoOaIAveSzuBbRsfqYpc0QIAdTma2z9rkdqMyO1Np\/F2MXGy1p9g7VcZpVzUUNEbjkljLBnfNpRomfiPLjxhwg4WddM0gxrSVUouIy+FVc+nRz07oI6fDh26ILOb1U0hlgsVxBXV4juwAv5DQTKqovQVElF3vv1nz97hnasSvsJmXSaCb8XsL+S7xAvydL9Ptgxjkz52OLwWuuOKmvJ9qTuk4PCH6p2jqwNSLKdkTjZ7rHortpNsFw70oaGvmywRsrXT09j\/EDst41VZhZNuPoXH3\/nNn0bEM7P\/axLsbOTk2FSNDvPBy\/zT4xfyVA2jrQglWPAz8\/AwWVGalLIAgwxZFr5PlxNdq9t70XPZcWdhq1dfucc3h9Kb+\/RXOpIfe70THHwFxl8bFC+KjBnxzt9rjcoE5C49e7xmGzyOt0SNxDG2LUllQXR0vTAZSpTr5CTJxf\/yx09x3emrm3u6tto7P0GjR7Y6H0mIwhQvkEBnNJK\/MjWHCojJ40em+lSxnPySuHDsf6c2PnMtah69nBbIwLa+AigUF9SNGjmyZfoiOK6zdET0mzLKTKCHZCYWVk7BzyC4GgzjdkQ4q0hWXFMXQfWkPvu0ROzsmR4HG886t7iBMlQztgZVZc+wde5FFZFuUQLNRZnxEG7WnTCiaz+RVGK21MoKiaxQOsv7Ir0xRAr09ThBVIaKE4s9Oyl2\/8epj4Oo663WgnKuqzARaGzmiM6qphfrd65zDKbL\/fTR4SUwqS+9WVuy+Jg2hg1AytULxKVHAjdaTg2ygPcXYZVBcjF6CB28\/IECb4rCmToIq874s125L8rZl\/HbmtCVsW8huowJxUayYDk1uExxKyfwyLLtS6q\/XaoC6ui9I5hq4OQ6tvKHQyxcJsGpGmiSE43oB\/BB0rFgHelHfGWdw+Ximis7+4ApOw0SMg1wlpQjjkdWiV9nUBQcW5WsN7fX1qUBVrvENoTQXVMDeTRpQfRjgSAc8ah2HjiuaiwYqhIWS0mn3hODbq97zGBp+FoZH4Vf9tqA22CI2m\/1BvqDdHtYfGlCcHrgo30gtsKAjNiGKhGXErtIA78QvmmMVwsXnSyICbtHpzk8X5\/k1cjkPy6VSOxw1vYbnhlcm4jDdA\/M4ql6qfaOrEtdzFlkruYksVd\/HYvVN3Mdu9AH7SGd5CDvY4ZFHzQhY6MeQRk0I2ZaKPjme9L6HKpBzKV\/qws\/KMJZw+7BsQb+w6AvbNLm2c8Z\/yp6gN6NlkCO3wzm8EYHWJ2mjiVlQ7wt2QYpHaSt12M7cic6zRtkCAn6DrIXsHGDv3xqDInVP0R\/IoqhKUCWCIcvETr+bmKIuePl5Vh0ZLLjXxLo\/MRnWgs1Edoroosgp\/eubh5+s\/xHWZPoG+iusGH9i4MV2WVS1YjPUMHbuPR108PlZxGh\/vNH3FdoftrkJpztw4DRchPCo3eQHyutPasKI6uh03SnRhMpBJCNr5WKTEhT9JWFa0QUn8kEJzDeThdFYEK4ZjpiOzREnr0WGDdju0u20UieAiFoIqmxxfirmsNu0CYwYNxMApy6ie03ZJZiNZXIONp0Va2j0kQdRPJShNUV0cQ6Ap6b6gx1aUkMffi4\/THZJegOMtSsIFQPCOw\/cTA++JfgQD2BRYBWf70XG787Qzgywd5qUnViItP9wrndEGDKgCSg5+Fsxmk0MVbE+bdBtt0C8pKt9czcJJOAmn42BT1IkAkENKuisLBpp5osRR\/\/sb6OuXuuh\/OF0LwvOLPyS9DFDBQER7It7n6Kl2Rs9fy\/j8i2DlByzVqIjIIwgim\/jgN3VtV8XrrQfDTAVXUGgd74cDTgqeUUe4Se+EkYvD5V8SdfIiuFfcEuU3LggCoD+qbGBW8EMAs2IWbutziGaTL6aw+70ZEfYZgKaMrWHyAdzwo+Y9YpEvRJRYowZb\/rylpzoH4L9TNpnULVDBxP6Ez9izLIOy6NCe22YtQOAkquBK9Vl1qvDg+RYtoBX3jMX8miNMkCoIYOMADot\/FzBh5bld+F6tyLj07J1rz86YcTwCRhN8\/ws8HtJy063TBKk5WLSAuzL6Ezy3ULb0o7Xqc8Xco2y8QmdEdjKnE1CkZtCFzRiPD1Ve2lrUxwRcItO6b+eHrPoiv2V0tjPPDzLvjqskIGybTetoiY9HFJcQkH0D9jy4k66ZZ0T9lrkF8XAwj4mPGUte8lGJU0CQSftz2QpOXjwq\/UlCljXgy16IOUCA35h5ok9gZxQ1asdpdtsMYrrtoG2Eay0UAg6uWEuEK9bfh8V2lTj5ZsRyOGuubEUg6fNittWQstsgFYaYwT1ZSl0yRtLRyBR2cU4cqAb7pRtd4yvFNadN2FDDP1UoLreJk4Sb9OfsVEHsoUpaVNAKq3mgJl8Fws8ZUkPPY4xnIP0Fd6KNDSiezKPtGj+Ea9qeKjl8aKoNH\/qE0Zr9UC7IO5aUvk+w9L1S+j7tW5YPQQZP2OuEmlBSIg3+WjhzuNuNRasQQx6N9SjMk+9W13oTEVainSiB8XFuwDaQQ0Xn5sgJplsQ1P7F6D10BNGg\/npNfATKd+b3PgqQCKNbNbKe9qrLHMnHdHt\/Sw\/2STDlxaENwE0shxdI\/cHGcrGrkX28KsCyQ3PUCjJwbqH5fi1h5o76l348zke+8a6SGAjQ0zHOdxL7nEyK7XKpl7jopWleaPYgcX5humZbIKTiILPgnarEQXXA32q+wjBLfcYJhajtEc00XXik1vdH8IadyjTffxhBDi79EltjUF01eFumGb6o6D0j5B0oKMqZ4\/tlYrVTas3snWTUuumcaM80vxaabyA3W1qK2qiArBZqumZbUe1f6bbIG\/s5ksQpDq\/Wkr3zQvRau9LbBgC4AmyQtvdzzkQ5cc28d2iX48nni9W2NCuWYiS8\/8IBdXto6iBTzJHsZaJzAFjQbzH5Bit+ZLvrTAdaIyRduDg52bYEqQjEKrk0BbBGVSsM+5O3tnUlBdNr8JldwNLGdsXBQkLVnen0878gLK44Rp1ZturPRn2JukZYg3LopyRtP23y9tOn7ne\/JO2n+2I8Fk7d4ZEz1aGJoupAZ+XGYdqUQTZrXAgg3ktF4KdiOQQcXwppd1C9nagf6F1ypXQ70duk9b5\/CX1NrSmxCVTqSVFHDMPzm5sNuitKpP+ekAe535arQ3CD7VpvklmYzMNkER7DUxYWWXiX7k8lGjeuukxfFH5\/3Iip3uaXaDxhHGKAs5BYK8Of63iDjSG3Y9frfLegndOBaISQL74djydkyUx0xMLj8AKWwzIMB8HXwBgQm0YPVkduNgpk3gGwoRB8pbrsnk0cew6Pqqah7E17KMwYTfR6vtYFm8aJCIdB+9AUCAll1Ys7pYfwL7aNNd\/fLARHjN1zclmUYEkQaVnCnfO3lT2m6qbluu+tjCrrIjdwchq\/Oh99G9H5XMiks694Gt\/Fh0ugdoMNQYvaPQxheT5z3V9fGab7ItuPheMesqXgfSHO5S7OMGSYmQZ+7YoYRysJrvIz4Ef11nkQOSg7ZwGdCSZzER8D6QV1goe6H2AnnWm9v3oXmna5fzH2mUEofj9TWbln19dqXVBLuGNYS8piVKmXtol0Kmk2W2j1fjnxz+kiSoOssYIczlYPj+Echx+v5UDsJU62f7d6SMJruJTqJgLHGitiyV1MN+3r7n5DGMU63iMVWrVk6rFdl9uDdF\/Gm3VdnLYJdSPdBMc4jz6vu7uarTkXuONF+kseriIgrRbtW3ZCQ02hOJeqMiS\/TzQhRW7zqozrqgtMSZqhO1y+6pLxmGZZtE0AIJwKTjhWdZV4LZzsCvW2\/mi+wPEQkzY0CnYNEJlPvuMsBvoI5QsqCOcFKs\/1FiPDSEB8KF61Sq8Us1D9MFYU\/aJGNn1jsoeGmYIJnoQXccUwvbSdFZoVoe3TvmzkZfWSUEBm1A7QversOemJPfSsLm5opm9qZAo\/\/yosx5q2YkZjZ64hyfqmY4cZQon8a7MYwNA5XVn8sSKrgxLTW8Ljhgdt9s\/2VMII\/A7qWhOeXCwBBRLcq2X7BErewnrEDWeffipA5pDHZgzy6gA3qW3jR\/Nt5KZyv\/dOLubMfJ4FAiPzfEYkKF0TuDFgveHizgKShwTcV0KqSJuiHh3aSUZglQVkuL2ZXk92aN+HtNHJhZjguKzULlB6DIT6MQ31poRwsO11sVCdr\/D0i+4G9hzHPOGzkTKXzBt48apu855xC84Mc2TIz7Foberc676wqfO2c41SqxVyEh0V6DQq8lChYuqa\/VJZMt9SY1xTY9pJuXRqTDfZTqkx4PkEIK3zdHj5axurz+wc75hMRLnwR7Z1ZOCqDlFe7F23Dre8zdec+fgyGM0OYJznHclf9MGZRosdC+atw3PsXTsMBFaLJy6xFinhEp\/PCQU9\/Pi2saraOIg1aYbFBVC0qUYITDw3MkDvPj+bin39ciTrdHx6AnPaBcF86RROXx1wGRpF2GTfHMTM+qqsNNlD4wCYjX8YbMTRHbLOjjHFrLZXeadNJlLRxL0EhWnXqI9tLIyVx0PFw+tU9HAGD0VRJP6tux6Mvh\/pHVRWUO0BPkbSnp9hm93qW\/WP2Ww6G+lkbWNHJB7QMuB7DmIz5RCjbPvcJ0jRgyC\/uyELTtlA8UHfz1J\/\/vf56ruxKrmrDXsynHGbuMLEIC7k0Wwjr45FFdp+k6O9A4yp+IouIownmjBwR\/df9axZJ70sKR2jAqb6sBLBdSsF3M2H8HpqmrsvLoeA7zOU5iwlX9Zu3BH1VtNdnPXFPGdEbZnxCQ2z4LfB4qxri3WGq3LbeJ1nLps3k81TCo\/xbOFEqTfTEOqxZl6jrt1S393Fhw+jVpEcyKjHlZUUZfoLQAxoSmut9H0OyvC6tmVRVQPZ+jg0xUYKVbDfvRZjY7GNRLhSoWNcQppDu3G7nArHs58UHLSkfzKNygC6J6lYhaqOwVZbiOA1\/Teq0h3Ssq70xbYYrTd3aVnVYBXOdo3qOj+xux0P1bY4oosEaXbGNc5\/PHdMDWe5n10BMbv2915Jd7ubbYxD8\/e7ZgjDDm8jcHvJbTH441c4GDE5Dw5MncgQtCnqujio7Wlu7VbzHZNj\/LFMa9h8hwL2RVd3ma21jhj5ZjsbxD\/umGvI9AfC1QzzILFo2Kxe2rPIZLVUhRtxCtJCm2rQL2zZ\/672ykvOe5kcyVbXOb4OYeBbRVK9lOTIQ0glX5+TMS9thkO622k1cuWylyMr8Tiek4WyY0nt9UqROH\/XHVINq0goTyerhWVX1Kz2kqIS4lg\/61ITPMtjNavhHiuHdiu0rtZ8vVSHHPIFCKqUXX0q1WZ8dnmIbnXVYgHkLWziovkbb8D19cUAVDBAU7OxHi3VbJaGVoCV2e+SRN5aeLKscjEFvMfDKeoNKlWyAZ8lzHGxrT1PBXoxKOjMLeKE7ZKDqWetoYCdC0mXjvbVoqhdratawbfwNa+enQAkceq4ZQG5okzArGAmHn0FVAbJbigzFbqEfScB3dVJmq9FCnF3dYgSwSu1Og8LlNWt1RPOy\/FuxldMIF9w5gDJkVcMBaFFMg678s1HbEu0BOvNhEs9hpqgtj9fj+ggYnuv25iBJU+bI3gqndz7PLgsnDbfB8sZ5HXwdGHczbO77czdEA1k3H8lybp4+DimLM7HvhFNl\/CeuxDvGSbHaytQ2IuXjWs3taVubHhBgxyIeighToXwZSRs94Oe9tEUJOMyQRAQL0opM5L9F31JXYygu3SA+DR3YHExMVlPjd39SLLo90nr3uQUbQ6agYVTJMUw5nO58Ey2oSsX4d7s1BzoMlv7Sl87w4djuDKIBeLuDFnvOrjtjhBoEPZaaFA2fUk05UR291RElfCYmbLKVThTPnzCs5BrwNgvEV3h9rNClDKKijEBuj4LnVDhkTTW5qEVtvnZA5Jl20xX1+RYvI4+0pep9b64i+rPR9Q4d9BQSNuePmPY2H6cXaxacXosaYesVTnNdg56WriaPSThcoFTcRVelaVhAdVZI7MV6+LN5TuSGrD2ZW+MrLjsp2ey9txyxmhH4UwWUlnNwWd9pIbzwWYrqQtEUCwxR8e08ccDJdWSlVSDIpiDt1L08tqFKaQ6vDy5ZXV4ZnLL6uBKbtl6QUN6doVtZmzYppOG\/R0ilCPIxmfB6fkRUbaQWKER50n\/bWi8g4fGYNvQeJ9xJ1PlCHTboXaj6VWkLEcg13CSry738FfAYQFe4sMh+mSxAcFv0FNaO\/yMvSIbfrbNigr5XKWJHyE9HFBZpQ\/olrGR3KVPaNcjGHQ2jgUD\/qYGTnh4FJETdg+JNZ3BLRRabLACwoM0yoTG4HadUlZFMDoMhfuWdc5sadQh7FxhETkcSzNylUoVKPWATgeagqKFY6KC6WTB+Y88RrxtEdyowtYCMR48VLCLCP8UHfSxaiYZjiNdAphkNsTQOKq0sP\/9hqSEcXvkkOZvVguWnfPhMYhwcqIud406\/Krbxm23Sbcg2\/bT8pNqjJWWZvoQenqsjbZkDVSOy6ua\/SLnjwIG\/ABjjq22dzA\/Xzy5cyXCVIZGrV\/kY+bpXUUlrDQJenZYHKwwDt+tJlqQosHNcMqU0umzylp4qecGeASXfZ3VprImOWnPJwW79LYmmic2IXEtNR86y4tkIIdLDEXlkD+qt9ofdmN1Pud8SRI6w+7A6595nMY84K6ntau9llNvCIlcUjlIFOFp2ECvOtrpF8JJvdCd1Iy0m4CcAzGHDWHADKW3VGkH42O7nLDyGPaAvGP366q2cA7WVkGs5lOciBI803HW6OSwCAM8fef1Ph6fDv9NGXLlpRWA2dVpnZDgCyUHDKyU65m0UhagGbBLZdUuEvjgRc1jaj5vXBUj5gaXFlxpLpGWdyuUfeRd896aGhQF+4HCNfamxPHlusghHwIv0XQ16anURJqjwVNixgsKFxZhq1j8cGtsqJh4\/97j5c7GySqvs4nmPJQwEPDP8flrAHrjVrgTM6C+sQxmlQenk648UEFU+xyjgqh1es32l7Y+Bn80C4nZRLoGDU7mVl812uq\/C75va2ewGdyT\/cXRI38nMYW5Y0ZTtJIxZPRidZ4X7V6xU83YQs2NjnNwWI5aAy443vF+kgLDHrLrELuBo0P69CbNg6rcb0KlmhWsJt+FzJode9WZPejWPnFttfrbhHLxuEOpq+c53WVW1XbcXHBhkQr721JruuD4td2dvXplU7GZZzpVUDwS2Odqx1W3rrD6d65GtLyMDoNPGeloeydqNsaOya4uKbxPrcgYgnHdJPNQ9UEp5qS5po8YUYa7q\/H4DRVcN1ncZU8N7k8nuTjfJDdVxLYiGOWWS2x6NV4Tpb87IFdBwPz9zXSy\/G58qUNcvTSxDMPNBu15Ikbe9VN5CaNmf4EDcUlOTyxbznTdXcpQ4Ipe5InHpTmGtX\/3J6h8471gDeQQY\/XICxaOMVrPLloJm213MFiM5RNten11yuqKhWbHeRPUPmRl4bkQthKfVHhBgFfaP6\/YT\/oO+SwTTp4Dh2Wp8ZQpibBkHBTPaH2XyAu21\/uiMeu1EmzFKyHjWFix55wSSfixaFP7HKI23co7mzLcz\/DX7nGHta82g6vw+53jzn0q6syT4FEIW7ech23SYMbnhYvAYa5nXDMRss3HJq3U1TBhajNrBp0Yo+AMpciav1Y4GUpRMYNb1qHFh8N28aXzBU3DhXUEa4LSzC77FmP9yvFqllq3GzdDqKJ0CS9sitYAnB09\/pUt2BInPxENU+M3OxbHaNPI4++JnS0AOMy9ssHaVmJsBg8k4LNhHNiKPTIONntMj\/KAQjkN3U6cNpD5nAZAbLzUrWNxVAkY67o5Fj1wnBsLKPvKWYBwx0JAX3Mjix+GdC5VRiC82Uu\/Hs1bv6GORh\/xtcoyxRp\/F9K1uUvtsCXBKjAYJqxy+YLUV85uatNAykx6fcf1seD9q9iDY1IkFLRB3HKz+iqEyswKrduxxJc4JO0ASsjRAyoH4X7aZC+odcOgKqWU4UE4YSZNimcWkwWJhKXxfjZEYYOAdVd4wzTfqQ5hZ8z8XkXFRGjyHp\/qHfi4dspLoE2g5ZfVtW5a\/FGnceWMQVjebGqTtXRRF5o4nwyYM3OYaTst3sWSWDY3rjFDMdhGbJIaC1ZqmFC6peRMhbtzxUY6fBdEgRjn8IKkCu7hTIL3VQSulxyqmK1PDXqPDQRphl9vE80M4PdsrFT7qC8imFTw2GfO4dYh+mVD8gBDcWOlhFkZjGdWdNqqPLVc\/6gxxLeDlwjmY482c9icTiUSkvmv1R4F7U+HU0s\/W5aXywj6KPmWQyVKGlUyxLshYk9wzAmwBYxHyEAYoEHK5wRfVZeo3iauSbHmFkf7RlOn9UQaUt2gm6zVl9Bmkbhn0ZvsQgAEwLtSIQhI7dHjJk+OG7rAdukFwFlUJCZ1DVOT9kcuyo63IfN7lO\/jPdrdjon2zowSw2fiWynJIzccenPLYFu3kjKKcSnJdhyWziIysTRnPmFZls7eJHH1pkviwzA6YQd9M+YzN8bNRZxbF9E7BnUWAzvR9s0Gl9DT3CkF1SUZhAbYak9l44Sws1jICDsri3P5rtJYrhttKouD68NSdn8POCNdDay5Z8eYEisRP2QkNORM3iQD5gU+0OSYhAFJMk4zp47\/v6RvifMGCBYJvFgnZ3tQmModCvbxfLCgAx4wI+5XyKqO63SriDIy3CVU1wbl\/UI4byd8KOyNejak7Nv1YPXW9\/7EmcHOuNlIw9vaFgkZD8p3nfHCsFRptpR\/cKR1gZ3XT2yqUoerLL0L056TJrgR0GsD19wDl5sKF3En3gPK4tEvXtD7plEWj8MUR0nwrobYvBgZrvTZyVGWk4mW6dO2+Fq4GWsinq0gI3LOIDc9s7CxHXWiyTnJn6IjIkVsMoR2t8HVERETX\/TkIai4q\/bk0jVxkXaGC8LA0SfflR9GGXpAgGssG81X10Oya5+3z0cU7U+A8hGyh+3YazFT\/RHHEP3zlKKaVQ7MhrmLGCGfra1eibbqMEqfUblYgsvFlFP\/PvADpUe1EasKhdRpEm9aF6dtgsMGLFxcMkcziUwgZ+F5oQms\/oWPfiIX8e3RSFvOImdr6fLylggWf\/wwOmZxProVEBtcaDN1NWRxjkljeOSytSuBp2y0nFlpWgfhQXYNVcNKedwS24K0wBy6oYKrmOAz5y1F8VOr8RhGW3SXaRJM9Cx8JDCUp5Eif5YwOzq+meMmBnmdAtuXR0DycVuUOSplcg2Nya2LqlDHWvCRkUyzp9ZVo2kfURG0rZupW6cdPms71pfDnj+CIcah7c6DOHNt\/CVocI4GBFF1z\/QbS1dM9qCy9uIjN\/0Fb952NoonV+bY477kHS4TITxdFS+gwzzUGxumDow4Bn5xRljI5C4+AJ5f9EPLX2JchsHGByBQOcigpUZwasVwsCx7bYYdsfXE+efHBJXITDusYhhWUhIreWQN9AnHjJ6l+LiGgLl7ZJhD8oNO2vU62tViqa3hapceemX4anKt\/2VS1A3fCGbkhMqvVmubCyY65o1b6sExD7ZpuYWAba1o0QxPF78ptm+hrwteZFHOp7CQlMtIaA5f4xHA+yJqhiHVy41kjk2+hRCJS5\/AGvpUpNgqccp3PoE8x5x4xuj46Y7AHFiuk7Ruh9lxlrVqAC4P6+yqiZPKc0Z9P+bCcp3ryCCKx+Nlae\/ck7r8OOM8CRsM\/fXH8j8q8YE513dPUNGajGda\/xbfMUdJSRoSpKLKKiGFCTi6RnYo1lnCvBdMrycH6oo+z1vTtdohVZTcEOLp9PO\/PoyqujhGHZxsNbq1FGfBZE3SFol1k7efDh1Oa47aT586xNZfkvbTfdF+qpPXgeLaxx226VnPFY4tRXOAowteC3HctcZFv8BAQ+8nD4\/22GhfoDl3dwkL88aYRcYaN4pkSmb8waaYwuB7Xud6G8zGZ+CWKEAgLSEQBMhpgRtjvHzj0nP0YZSBrWPEgoY4JW28mqkit3\/e93LGZJlsDKQBeVyWxeNtp6yzwgiyyRRa7Nx8HVGruPowZxLho0n+tKHR8+\/d3MR3NSqb7vo0GhnhaJmDpI3GMPBv+yhdGovaRwUlUufs7VxeNj\/kfLz2YZBRqHxvGzUtWP\/UvGEsAUdv+zSirsSG1gPBMS09jxgo418qyJntfXNuIcnpsGmMKo2NqIlkabtWSK1dHiFcoAfGGx33yRHBt5U8q7o12henaJ6hBtXE2pRNetDgGkEUkE+NPzaKc9m+qeS9xZ3udefc8vwp2iF0BJUf7J7t2VcXRyFgmRAp6yHzuoIsdxbuhrKJKwSt7MEvuTpxKwjlHBlr8kB7IUnitITixuaeJgL2g8aATFAfRHnCuSSWk4msGF5NZ+hg4A7zxJHo2s1RX+rvg90oOkFOmGuMG19qdPz3Dm2LkpJNnPIdwpMifqU7odtJ7I4s\/F5XTLegFfc6h9OM7RzNl\/NGfmCL+Aob9b4ZuoKiJ3VUzLxd18w6H1yHmiW4VUoZ4anN9Yeb67Z+Q\/yDE2eq8\/wpejxEG5QVjx\/hj0MW5UWNxM3e9vFqqSDb+\/LfQfWK0xyVARTKKtTvIT5FF1ygrFkyTUB0UfDOpfGPh2hbol1aVw3jdGmLWH3RlsHo64+H6O6UZRRV+wY+V9sSoXzc1rcrtvft57iuy3Rjt7xkqImiDNEF3HGwpPSBYoX7IzVbjxkGFmaFbeRLpXHTgXvyEmHeLnaiDAVvQ83zm5sNuitKpP+eXAvUDh1NbTfY7P8mmYXJPDyGRRaesjBLw10W7upwtwvvUpTtKlSHJF5+rMQoMheOCx07pelnKGgrbPocADdSsQwF7pbBvnWbU10XeRiHaX481SHFA26pcX6u4w2+Pd2OXU\/xbtU7n9oZUoKVu0COLMe6P9TxuRmK0Ea9gqJ9pvki0TxHWawra3fvSJ+qbmRv+EOdue+uM\/ehqv206wx\/ad1+Onaf8qw195Fu006SLpFWynY8C32rdlB5edsvAs0LEi4PzpwWJM1s7ccKr6lLw+QEowFJGpL6JtkE30\/UXMkZVg7qU3WeC6JT8J30yM7v5NNMWKpS1idNse5CV\/xxzRwvzDbIFUucgaNqQ7tJkwewefvDqMrjY5UUNcRjtW3GR\/AurhK0081q+YygTB79SYpH66lIlVXOEGdLySRFB0XW+NCSgtUqukvrlp0U8xKoGUqN1WapW7U4iopXeSw7iUCGfPXMtXbhivtZON4Wy0HHWZJLOxmP4jGLt0ii5+CYG4Q1Sx7w\/QNQerlfjFAXmpxGRR4qOt+qn6sOldBd\/EWcwcnlSJ3zegC\/KiDpw0bkvuS9us+WXp4hYMKxAYu6anzRPmtstwD30wbOak9R5gCvSQtunOFUHLDOVjzOPDenk+cSYtZ7kh2kkxPu9pAYOnQtZJE3gBZ9P8CqvQDuci3KL94aRnZ7pFHqvBofV29wA8gFe5ug7T3ajcfWheshr40VEYn+2NjCpKCcvHGJps5QlOUy1\/Nsm8gwuXN3mFxNmJ6GrwY6pSBp0++Ny2yGi+wDOkILWyBjVG0TdEA3Afb4Bru4vNcMxS6ukbcariurHnxYTcd+SrxO\/tW5exN04aTKlSHDW6xsuJGvZ9Esu0Xjgm\/sIfk2dQ7\/pJtGHAneHnqtNWBs6hxQvGS+ev6QXZkKOOech9d3aRVvMrRTn6zttzaIS2f1phtv+ob2kNor17L+590WEJOY7a\/c3KVlhwzZrc64rOn\/K5cm+RnKd\/ofOdTMQFJyFUO5lmp1P1H6IaLp0WHsPNBSnfBP+R9JS8eq9PLgbu5shIRNcw5ehXA+eXgM59c69swMRYc4zY21CMSr7or2g\/eVRATTdjq68WEVbVD9iFDugLF8qQQSWDxJ8Zg3TmGqNnubQODQISrG1RFtYX\/VaXETzILfBlNFcpiVyZoNG3J0K5A2EdPQodihD6N9VmxgS7BEzms+CfAY59FnU3kXMIlHeps4riIgvW4snODfrV0ADvEOOfqXtT5VsHywa4AOexsgwn6jdzZAtfSEihWx\/YasLObdfRnXxjwJp2XelpYpMthELZy5Mcx0xd1zhcAdYuwR\/T91vgge7j\/iew22AKU1seLHWTFuHtC2LsoI3d210xNV2zgDLYZUpi2RhlUm8RF9GJVpvh\/dfiRx\/JqqtKNP+i23RF93QEunZbJkF23RxveJsqQbE3OSiLZQSGfAAAn8lJpdGd1rz9OYi06SuSfwvsvrYnrI8Wk9eBGCY8KYXmPaTPrUGymZxpoEK7maXCNB8WGyQVll5CxSAgw4Cq9MVTIO84LIqru6AzdgkP+i6UIF34t51wdw2TCT\/4J2srkYSwbzorjWyZ4XTVKjZoB\/KYqDMQdBmfnLDZwJ4nc2tlFJGdrF3Ib0mQjQ0yw2aWS1JnCCBOEMhkGc2WAQZwpHJQd+GLzl1VsgdcaIHNb00FdjmWCWq2kC6EkOHz+MsiLe4cNcRhKScD51fMHMc2n7L3Uq4M0uLd+UdTa2Nowp01ykohRUlkU5upUj4OWo96V21aY75Hqb492E\/IVCvGKwLAK+1MA6kyHm0bD6askdsL\/t6dyV8zNueVb7jVnbTpoBmYlYB8lr30DYL9rgGXv2uDy4AyurM5EeSvTTzj3DUHTZ5boWZBryDEkUSv5jXYmlm6nl\/Tax+de1NQS7euBKgXd3zSVHsCq37uZyCchVWqiMriMuaGkh6OOudSEqD9WwM03tJeZPOmVWlg1xjDSKbn5fwEvQTtOqbkTo\/wdUktyRaIOS+CGF0aVRw3K7da06HOvPjcPxeAmXCyySJoZ7yAlErA4XxGlfwSFiDVxRcG0I4wKwvd42QGemFzezAwxL60BVRRrpF3q6menONWerK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:where([role=\"tablist\"],[role=\"toolbar\"],[hidden],button,.nx-theme-toggle,.nx-live-slot){display:none}#nxe-n1mbhps1.nxe img{max-width:100%;height:auto}<\/style><svg class=\"nx-defs\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\"><defs><linearGradient id=\"nx-gi\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-giu\" gradientUnits=\"userSpaceOnUse\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"800\" y2=\"0\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gi-a\"\/><stop offset=\"0.55\" class=\"nx-gi-b\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gi-c\"\/><\/linearGradient><linearGradient id=\"nx-gp\" x1=\"0\" y1=\"0\" x2=\"1\" y2=\"1\"><stop offset=\"0\" class=\"nx-gp-a\"\/><stop offset=\"1\" class=\"nx-gp-b\"\/><\/linearGradient><\/defs><\/svg><section class=\"nx-scene nx-es-scene\" data-scene=\"text\" data-ground=\"none\" data-es-org=\"gcri\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-scene-title\"><div class=\"nx-scene-intro nx-es-intro\"><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><abbr title=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\">GCRI<\/abbr> \u00b7 Oceans and Coasts<\/p><span class=\"nx-scene-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><h1 id=\"nx-scene-title\" class=\"nx-scene-title\">Coastal geoscience<\/h1><p class=\"nx-scene-lede\">Earth and geophysical science explains the coast&#8217;s solid ground: sediment supply, subsidence, tectonic movement and submarine hazards. In this field it informs relative sea-level change, <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h21\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.surface.coastal-erosion\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Erosion and sediment movement\" data-td=\"Retreat of the shoreline and cliffs under waves, currents and storms, removing land and exposing buildings.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H21\" data-tr=\"draft\">coastal erosion<\/a> and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.tsunami\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A train of long sea waves from a sudden displacement of the sea floor or water column, flooding coasts even far from the source.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">tsunami<\/a> hazard.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/write-to-us\/contact\/\">Make an enquiry <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/stem\/\">Back to STEM foundation of Oceans and Coasts<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-1-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Register<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-1\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Coastal geoscience on the record.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-es-fig\" data-es-layout=\"console\"><div class=\"nx-hero-panel\"><div class=\"nx-register\"><div class=\"nx-register-head\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\"><strong>Method record<\/strong><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">STEM method<\/span><\/div><ol class=\"nx-register-rows\"><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Method<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Earth and geophysical science<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Steward<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/climate-hazards\/\">Climate and Hazards<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Applied in<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\">Oceans and Coasts<\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Data<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"#nx-sec-data\">3 inputs<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Checks<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"#nx-sec-checks\">3 validation steps<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><li><div><span class=\"nx-register-k\">Canonical page<\/span><span class=\"nx-register-v\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/geoscience\/\">STEM Commons<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-application\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Application<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-2\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What earth and geophysical science does here.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Geoscience studies the composition, structure and dynamics of the solid Earth, including earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides and subsurface resources. It informs where and how often geological hazards occur and how they cascade into infrastructure and supply disruption. In oceans and coasts, climate and hazards and biodiversity and nature, geoscience sets ground-shaking and ground-failure inputs for building codes, siting and catastrophe models. It identifies where single geological events can disrupt multiple networks at once. The canonical description is on <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/geoscience\/\">the STEM Commons<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-cols\"><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"m12.83 2.18a2 2 0 0 0-1.66 0L2.6 6.08a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.83l8.58 3.91a2 2 0 0 0 1.66 0l8.58-3.9a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.83Z\"\/><path d=\"m22 17.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 17.65\"\/><path d=\"m22 12.65-9.17 4.16a2 2 0 0 1-1.66 0L2 12.65\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Delta subsidence<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Radar interferometry and GNSS measure subsidence in deltas, which is added to <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">sea-level rise<\/a> to estimate relative change.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M14.106 5.553a2 2 0 0 0 1.788 0l3.659-1.83A1 1 0 0 1 21 4.619v12.764a1 1 0 0 1-.553.894l-4.553 2.277a2 2 0 0 1-1.788 0l-4.212-2.106a2 2 0 0 0-1.788 0l-3.659 1.83A1 1 0 0 1 3 19.381V6.618a1 1 0 0 1 .553-.894l4.553-2.277a2 2 0 0 1 1.788 0z\"\/><path d=\"M15 5.76v15\"\/><path d=\"M9 3.24v15\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Sediment budgets<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Sediment supplied by rivers and moved along the coast is estimated to understand erosion and the effect of dams and coastal works.<\/p><\/article><article><div class=\"nx-glyph-row\"><span class=\"nx-glyph\" data-tone=\"accent\" data-size=\"lg\"><svg class=\"nx-i\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M7 16.3c2.2 0 4-1.83 4-4.05 0-1.16-.57-2.26-1.71-3.19S7.29 6.75 7 5.3c-.29 1.45-1.14 2.84-2.29 3.76S3 11.1 3 12.25c0 2.22 1.8 4.05 4 4.05z\"\/><path d=\"M12.56 6.6A10.97 10.97 0 0 0 14 3.02c.5 2.5 2 4.9 4 6.5s3 3.5 3 5.5a6.98 6.98 0 0 1-11.91 4.97\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><h3 class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Tsunami source characterisation<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-mt-1\">Subduction zones and <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h19\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.slope.submarine-landslide\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Slope failure and mass movement\" data-td=\"Slope failure on the sea floor that breaks cables and pipelines and can generate tsunamis.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H19\" data-tr=\"draft\">submarine landslide<\/a> areas are characterised with geological and seafloor data to support <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.tsunami\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A train of long sea waves from a sudden displacement of the sea floor or water column, flooding coasts even far from the source.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">tsunami<\/a> hazard assessment.<\/p><\/article><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-field\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Geography<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-3\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Ocean state in Pacific Island states.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Marine heat, chlorophyll and sea temperature over Pacific Island states, from NASA GIBS. Each layer carries its own date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-cmap-field\" data-nx-map=\"ctx-field\" data-cmap=\"pacific-islands:oceans\" data-ml-feeds=\"eonet|https:\/\/eonet.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/v3\/events\" data-ml-src=\"oceans\" data-ml-plan=\"p-0570e336\" data-ml-relief=\"1.6\" data-ml-chart=\"f.marine\" data-ml-view=\"3d\" data-ml-ctx=\"theme:oceans\" data-ml-list=\"gibs.biodiversity.ssta gibs.biodiversity.chl gibs.biodiversity.sst gibs.food.cover gibs.water.true gibs.health.people ev.eonet r.pace r.dist r.hls f.marine gx.nhc f.ens r.goese\" data-ml-tools=\"inspect measure compare aoi export\"><div class=\"nx-wm\" data-nx-water=\"ctx-oceans\" data-wm-domain=\"ctx-oceans\" data-wm-tiles=\"on\" data-wm-flat=\"on\" data-wm-focus=\"150,-24,190,0\" data-ws-live=\"off\" data-claim=\"INTEGRATED\" data-wm-panel=\"closed\" data-wm-mode=\"2d\"><div class=\"nx-wm-stage\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"application\" aria-roledescription=\"interactive map\" aria-label=\"Ocean state, Pacific Island states: satellite and model layers from NASA on a 3D terrain of ASTER GDEM elevation. Arrow keys move; with Shift they turn and tilt in 3D; plus and minus zoom, 0 resets; I inspects, question mark lists the keys.\" aria-describedby=\"nx-wm-help\"><canvas class=\"nx-wm-canvas\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas><p class=\"nx-wm-noscript\">The interactive map needs JavaScript; the layer list and sources are below.<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-presets\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Quick views\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"ssta||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Marine heat<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"chl||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Plankton (chlorophyll)<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"sst||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Sea temperature<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-preset\" data-wm-preset=\"cover||||\" aria-pressed=\"false\">Land cover<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel\" id=\"nx-wm-panel\" role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Map layers\"><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-panel-title\">Layers <span class=\"nx-wm-count\">3<\/span><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-panel-close\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-label=\"Close the layer list\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-panel-body\"><div class=\"nx-wm-group\"><p class=\"nx-wm-group-title\">Ocean state, for this page<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"ssta\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"20\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Marine heat (anomaly)\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA JPL PO.DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite analysis\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Sea surface temperature anomaly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA JPL PO.DAAC GHRSST MUR25 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ssta\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"\u00b0C\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"ssta\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.biodiversity.ssta\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>GHRSST MUR25 (NASA JPL PO.DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA JPL PO.DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite analysis<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 2 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite analysis of how far sea temperature departs from its usual value for the date shown; a marine heat indicator, not a <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h27\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.species.coral-bleaching\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Biodiversity and species stress\" data-td=\"Corals expelling their algal partners under heat stress, turning white and often dying, with loss of reef fisheries and shore protection.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H27\" data-tr=\"draft\">coral bleaching<\/a> alert.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"chl\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"21\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.9\" data-wm-short=\"Chlorophyll-a\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA OB.DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite retrieval; clouds and sun glint leave gaps\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Ocean chlorophyll-a concentration<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA OB.DAAC MODIS Aqua ocean colour \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"chl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"mg\/m\u00b3\">Observed (clouds and sun glint leave gaps)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"chl\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.biodiversity.chl\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed (clouds and sun glint leave gaps)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Aqua ocean colour (NASA OB.DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA OB.DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite retrieval; clouds and sun glint leave gaps<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-13<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite estimate of chlorophyll-a near the sea surface on the day shown, an indicator of plankton and ocean productivity; not a measure of fish stocks or harmful blooms.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"sst\" aria-pressed=\"true\" data-wm-z=\"22\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.85\" data-wm-short=\"Sea temperature\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA JPL PO.DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite analysis\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Sea surface temperature<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA JPL PO.DAAC GHRSST MUR \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"sst\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"\u00b0C\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"sst\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.biodiversity.sst\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>GHRSST MUR (NASA JPL PO.DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA JPL PO.DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite analysis<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-12<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Gap-filled satellite analysis of sea surface temperature for the date shown; not a reef or species condition report.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"cover\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"23\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-time=\"latest\" data-wm-op=\"0.7\" data-wm-short=\"Land cover\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LP DAAC\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Land cover type (IGBP), yearly<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LP DAAC MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"modelled\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\" data-wm-unit=\"class\">Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"cover\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.food.cover\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Modelled (latest year GIBS publishes)<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1) (NASA LP DAAC)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LP DAAC<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>yearly; Satellite classification; latest year GIBS publishes<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2024-01-01<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 500 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite land cover classes for the year shown, including croplands; a classification with known errors, not a farm register.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"true\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"5\" data-wm-lag=\"1\" data-wm-op=\"0.6\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA LANCE\" data-wm-kind=\"Satellite image\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">True colour<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA LANCE VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"observed\" data-wm-lic=\"NASA open data\">Observed<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"true\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.water.true\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Observed<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance (NASA LANCE)<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA LANCE<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NASA open data<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>daily; Satellite image<\/dd><dt>Newest at build<\/dt><dd>2026-10-14<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 250 m grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Satellite image. Satellite or model raster as the provider publishes it. Clouds, swath gaps and retrieval error leave gaps and noise; values are indicators, not measurements at a place.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-layer\" data-wm-toggle=\"people\" aria-pressed=\"false\" data-wm-z=\"25\" data-wm-lag=\"0\" data-wm-op=\"0.8\" data-wm-short=\"Population density\" data-wm-prov=\"NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)\" data-wm-kind=\"Census-based estimate, static (2020)\"><span class=\"nx-wm-check\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-text\"><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-name\">Population density, 2020<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\">NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University) Gridded Population of the World v4.11 \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-layer-src\" data-wm-ep=\"estimated\" data-wm-lic=\"CC BY 4.0\" data-wm-unit=\"people\/km\u00b2\">Estimated<\/span><\/span><\/button><div class=\"nx-wm-tools\" data-wm-tools=\"people\" hidden><\/div><details class=\"nx-wm-prov\" data-wm-prov-for=\"gibs.health.people\"><summary>About this layer<\/summary><dl class=\"nx-wm-prov-list\"><dt>Evidence<\/dt><dd>Estimated<\/dd><dt>Source<\/dt><dd>Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University))<\/dd><dt>Provider<\/dt><dd>NASA SEDAC (CIESIN, Columbia University)<\/dd><dt>Licence<\/dt><dd><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/dd><dt>Vintage<\/dt><dd>null; Census-based estimate, static (2020)<\/dd><dt>Resolution<\/dt><dd>about 1 km grid<\/dd><dt>Uncertainty<\/dt><dd>Census-based estimate of people per square kilometre in 2020, shown as exposure context; not a count of people affected by any hazard.<\/dd><dt>Reached through<\/dt><dd>gibs.earthdata.nasa.gov, only after you allow the live map<\/dd><\/dl><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-rail\" role=\"toolbar\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\" aria-label=\"Map controls\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-open\" data-wm-act=\"panel\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-panel\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Layers\" title=\"Layers\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M8 2.5l-6.5 3.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5zm-6.5 6.5 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5m-13 2.8 6.5 3.5 6.5-3.5\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"tools\" aria-controls=\"nx-wm-menu\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Expert tools\" title=\"Expert tools\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3 4.5l10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-10 3.5 10 0m-7.5-8.5 0 3m5 .5 0 3m-3.5.5 0 3\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" 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type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitemcheckbox\" aria-checked=\"false\" data-wm-tool=\"compare\">Compare two dates<kbd>C<\/kbd><\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"share\">Copy a link to this view<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"png\">Export as PNG with credits<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"xt\" data-wm-xt=\"NxAjSJ6JoGGZsXu22d+kvA4nR9AJ6Njy+\/Xy2FIyELw=\">More expert tools<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-menu-item\" role=\"menuitem\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\">Keyboard shortcuts<kbd>?<\/kbd><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-keys\" role=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Keyboard shortcuts\" hidden><p class=\"nx-wm-keys-title\">Keyboard, with the map focused<\/p><dl class=\"nx-wm-keys-list\"><\/dl><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon nx-wm-keys-close\" data-wm-tool=\"keys\" aria-label=\"Close the shortcuts\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-hint\" hidden>Hold Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll to zoom<\/p><p class=\"nx-wm-toolbar\" role=\"status\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-tip\" role=\"tooltip\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin\" hidden><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-head\"><p class=\"nx-wm-pin-title\"><\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-act=\"unpin\" aria-label=\"Close the card\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M3.5 3.5l9 9M12.5 3.5l-9 9\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-chart\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-pin-body\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-dock\"><div class=\"nx-wm-time\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Imagery date\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"prev\" aria-label=\"One day earlier\">\u2039<\/button><p class=\"nx-wm-time-label\">Latest available<\/p><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-icon\" data-wm-step=\"next\" aria-label=\"One day later\">\u203a<\/button><span class=\"nx-wm-track\" role=\"slider\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Imagery date, up to 30 days back\" aria-valuemin=\"0\" aria-valuemax=\"30\" aria-valuenow=\"30\" aria-valuetext=\"Latest available\"><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-wm-latest\" data-wm-step=\"latest\" aria-pressed=\"true\">Latest<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-wm-chips\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Legends\"><\/div><p class=\"nx-wm-attrib\">NASA GIBS \/ EOSDIS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM (METI, NASA) \u00b7 Blue Marble (NASA) \u00b7 \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL) \u00b7 Natural Earth<\/p><div class=\"nx-wm-legends\" aria-live=\"polite\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-container nx-wm-below\"><p class=\"nx-wm-status\" role=\"status\">Loading the latest NASA imagery.<\/p><p id=\"nx-wm-help\" class=\"nx-wm-help\">Drag to move. Ctrl or \u2318 and scroll, pinch or the buttons to zoom; hover for the values under the pointer; reset returns to the region.<\/p><p class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Ocean state, framed on Pacific Island states.<\/span><span data-honesty=\"true\">Satellite and model products as NASA publishes them, each with its own date. They are indicators, not assessments of any place.<\/span><\/p><details class=\"nx-wm-credits\"><summary><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-line\">Data: NASA GIBS \u00b7 ASTER GDEM \u00b7 Blue Marble \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors<\/a> \u00b7 Natural Earth \u00b7 NASA EONET \u00b7 NASA PACE OCI \u00b7 NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT<\/span><span class=\"nx-wm-credits-more\">Sources and licences<\/span><\/summary><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.field-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.water-layers\">We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.podaac.ghrsst-mur\">GHRSST Level 4 MUR analyses, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; distributed by the NASA Physical Oceanography DAAC (PO.DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.obdaac.ocean-color\">MODIS Aqua ocean colour, NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group; distributed by the NASA Ocean Biology DAAC (OB.DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.modis-viirs.land\">MODIS land products (vegetation indices, gross primary production, land cover), NASA LP DAAC and LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.lance.viirs-water\">VIIRS near-real-time products (flood, land surface temperature, snow cover, corrected reflectance), NASA LANCE; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"sedac.gpw-v4\">Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7927\/H49C6VHW\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.7927\/H49C6VHW<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa-meti.aster-gdem-v3\">ASTER GDEM is a product of METI and NASA (ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003, NASA LP DAAC); imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). Cite as: NASA\/METI\/AIST\/Japan Spacesystems and U.S.\/Japan ASTER Science Team (2019). ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model V003. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003\" rel=\"noopener\">doi:10.5067\/ASTER\/ASTGTM.003<\/a>. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"naturalearth.all-scales\">Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com. <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalearthdata.com\/about\/terms-of-use\/\" rel=\"noopener\">Public domain<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.gibs.reference-osm\">\u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL), via NASA GIBS (coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names). Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/copyright\" rel=\"noopener\">ODbL<\/a><\/li><li data-wm-credit=\"nasa.earth-observatory.blue-marble\">Blue Marble, NASA Earth Observatory; imagery via NASA GIBS. Colours redrawn from the published colour map; values averaged into hexagonal cells where shown (modified). <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.earthdata.nasa.gov\/engage\/open-data-services-software-policies\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA open data<\/a><\/li><li>Context on the globe and flat map: coastlines, boundaries, roads and place names from NASA GIBS reference layers (OpenStreetMap data, ODbL, \u00a9 OpenStreetMap contributors); Blue Marble imagery as an optional base; 3D terrain and the elevation read-out from the ASTER GDEM elevation colour index (5 m to 200 m classes, exaggerated for legibility). Boundaries are drawn as published and imply no position on any territory.<\/li><li><\/li><li>Live events: NASA Earth Observatory Natural Event Tracker (EONET); events are indicative and keep their original source links.<\/li><li>Live: NASA EONET Events are indicative, not authority warnings.<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA PACE OCI. We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>Observed (EO): NASA JPL OPERA DIST-ALERT (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2026). We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>NASA GIBS: We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA&#8217;s Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA&#8217;s Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS).<\/li><li>Weather data by Open-Meteo.com (https:\/\/open-meteo.com\/), licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/).<\/li><li>Optional layers (10 sources in the layer list: live, forecast, observed and context) print their provider credit on the map and here when switched on; forecasts are model output and derived indices are estimates.<\/li><\/ul><p class=\"nx-wm-credit\"><strong>Layers and dates<\/strong><\/p><ul class=\"nx-wm-credit-list\"><li>Sea surface temperature anomaly: GHRSST MUR25, NASA JPL PO.DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"ssta\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Ocean chlorophyll-a concentration: MODIS Aqua ocean colour, NASA OB.DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"chl\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Sea surface temperature: GHRSST MUR, NASA JPL PO.DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"sst\">12 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Land cover type (IGBP), yearly: MODIS Terra and Aqua land cover (MCD12Q1), NASA LP DAAC \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"cover\">2024<\/span><\/li><li>True colour: VIIRS NOAA-20 corrected reflectance, NASA LANCE \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"true\">13 Oct 2026<\/span><\/li><li>Population density, 2020: Population: CIESIN, Columbia University, Gridded Population of the World v4.11 (2018), NASA SEDAC, <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> \u00b7 <span data-wm-date=\"people\">static<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/p><\/details><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot nx-live-slot--map\" data-nxf-slot=\"map\" data-nxf-kind=\"map\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G-P07\/stem\/geoscience\/#map\" data-nxf-title=\"Oceans and Coasts live map\" data-nxf-height=\"560\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-1\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-label=\"Data, Twin and cascade simulator, Validation, Risk and response\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Data, Twin and cascade simulator, Validation, Risk and response\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-data\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Data<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-twin\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-checks\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Validation<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-nexus\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p4\">Risk and response<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-data\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Data<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-4\" class=\"nx-section-title\">What the method consumes.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Datasets and records used by earth and geophysical science on this platform, with the role each plays and the label its values carry. Sources are listed in <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/research\/sources\/\">the source register<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"register\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Data<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Role<\/th><th scope=\"col\">Label<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">Sentinel-1 radar<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Subsidence<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">GNSS stations<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Vertical land motion<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Data\">River sediment records<\/td><td data-label=\"Role\">Sediment supply<\/td><td data-label=\"Label\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">OBSERVED<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"data\" data-nxf-kind=\"data\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G-P07\/stem\/geoscience\/#data\" data-nxf-title=\"Method record\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"evidence\" data-nxf-kind=\"evidence\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/G-P07\/stem\/geoscience\/#evidence\" data-nxf-title=\"Evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"520\" hidden><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-twin\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-span=\"wide\" data-ns-layout=\"twin\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Twin and cascade simulator<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-5\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Model coastal geoscience as a system. Run the cascade.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Assembled from the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/\" data-tc=\"Nexus Standards\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The foundation standards\">Nexus Standards<\/a> area profile <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/oceans-and-coasts-risk-standards\/\">Oceans and coasts risk standards<\/a>: the hazards it names, the <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/systems\" data-tc=\"Systems\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The twenty Nexus systems, NXS-CMD to NXS-LAB\">systems<\/a> and sectors that carry the loss, the controls that dampen it and the data that observe it. Choose the components, pick an initiating hazard and step through the cascade. The Map view places the run on an example geography with open data. Every coupling weight is a stated assumption you can change. A teaching model, not a forecast, an assessment or a certification. To model a place of your own choosing, open the full <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/system-builder\/\">System Builder<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin\" data-ns-data=\"nx-twin-es-stem-geoscience-G-P07\" data-ns-credits=\"Nexus Standards registry and area profiles; Nexus Hazard Standard NHS-1 1.1.0\"><div class=\"nx-ns-twin-static\"><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Hazards<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.sea-level-rise\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A long-term rise of mean sea level that raises the baseline for floods, erosion and saltwater intrusion.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">Sea-level rise<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.storm-surge\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Sea level pushed above the tide by storm wind and low pressure, flooding the coast.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">Storm surge<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h21\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 geo.surface.coastal-erosion\" data-tk=\"Solid Earth \u00b7 Erosion and sediment movement\" data-td=\"Retreat of the shoreline and cliffs under waves, currents and storms, removing land and exposing buildings.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H21\" data-tr=\"draft\">Coastal erosion<\/a><\/li><li>Heatwave<\/li><li>Ocean acidification<\/li><li>Harmful algal bloom<\/li><li>Extreme fire weather (set off downstream)<\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/wildfire-and-vegetation-fire-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 eco.wildfire.wildfire\" data-tk=\"Land and ecosystems \u00b7 Vegetation and peat fire\" data-td=\"An uncontrolled fire in forest, scrub or grass that burns structures, crops and habitat and fills the air with smoke.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H24\" data-tr=\"draft\">Wildfire<\/a> (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Heat-driven grid stress (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Agricultural drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Flash drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Snow drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Ground-level ozone episode (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Meteorological drought (set off downstream)<\/li><li>River flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Coastal flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Estuary flood (set off downstream)<\/li><li>Mass displacement (set off downstream)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Systems and couplings<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/oceans-and-coasts-risk-standards\/\">Oceans and coasts risk standards<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/industry-trade\/supply-chain-and-trade-risk\/\">Supply chain and trade risk<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/water-food\/food-risk-standards\/\">Food and agriculture risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Cascade<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/climate-risk-standards\/\">Climate risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Common driver and feedback<\/span><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/cities\/cities-and-urban-systems-risk-standards\/\">Cities and urban systems risk standards<\/a> <span class=\"nx-ns-sub\">Exposure<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Controls<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li><code>NS-0<\/code> Constitution and principles<\/li><li><code>NS-1<\/code> The <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/uni\/\" data-tc=\"UNI\" data-tk=\"Nexus Standards\" data-td=\"The universal identifier of every Nexus artifact (NS-1)\">UNI<\/a> and the artefact catalogue (grammar v0.2: domain, sector, region and environment segments)<\/li><li><code>NS-3<\/code> Risk record UNIs (grammar, legacy crosswalk, allocation authority)<\/li><li><code>NS-3b<\/code> Dataset and product metadata profile (STAC, DCAT, PROV-O)<\/li><li><code>NS-5<\/code> Figure, map and visualisation standard (with the UI\/UX kit)<\/li><li><code>NS-9<\/code> Contextual UNIs (deployments, instances, programme instances)<\/li><li><code>NS-11<\/code> Verification and monitoring (evidence, attestations, zero-trust conformance observation)<\/li><li><code>NRS-X3<\/code> Oceans and coasts risk<\/li><li><code>NRS-H11<\/code> Hazard family: Coastal and sea-level hazards (NHS-1 water.coastal)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H79<\/code> Hazard family: Mental health crises (NHS-1 health.mental)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H12<\/code> Hazard family: Ocean-state extremes (NHS-1 water.ocean-state)<\/li><li><code>NRS-H67<\/code> Hazard family: Ocean circulation and marine tipping (NHS-1 planet.ocean-tipping)<\/li><li><code>NRS-K18<\/code> Domain pack profile: Oceans coastal (DOMAIN-018)<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Observation<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Copernicus Marine Service ocean products (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Coral Reef Watch daily 5 km heat stress products (listed for reference)<\/li><li>PSMSL tide gauge mean sea level records (listed for reference)<\/li><li>GEBCO global bathymetric grid (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Argo float profiles (listed for reference)<\/li><li>Average marine acidity (pH) measured at agreed suite of representative sampling stations<\/li><li>Index of coastal eutrophication and floating plastic debris density<\/li><li>Direct economic loss attributed to disasters in relation to GDP, including damage to critical infrastructure<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div><p class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Example geography<\/p><ul class=\"nx-list\"><li>Pacific Island states: 150 hexagonal cells<\/li><li>Night lights tonight, outages (VIIRS Day\/Night Band), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface water through cloud, 30 m (OPERA DSWx-S1 radar), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Rain rate, last half hour (IMERG), NASA GIBS<\/li><li>Surface air temperature, daytime (AIRS), NASA GIBS<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-checks\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Validation<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-6\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How results are checked.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Hazard models are tested against historical and paleoseismic catalogues and observed ground motions. Deformation estimates are cross-checked between independent geodetic techniques.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\" data-lv=\"ledger\"><div class=\"nx-table-wrap\"><table class=\"nx-table\" data-stack=\"true\"><thead><tr><th scope=\"col\">Check<\/th><th scope=\"col\">How it is done<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">GNSS comparison<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Radar subsidence rates are compared with GNSS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Budget uncertainty<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\">Sediment budgets state their uncertainty<\/td><\/tr><tr><td data-label=\"Check\">Source model review<\/td><td data-label=\"How it is done\"><a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/hazards\/geophysical-hazard-standards\/\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.tsunami\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"A train of long sea waves from a sudden displacement of the sea floor or water column, flooding coasts even far from the source.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">Tsunami<\/a> sources are reviewed by geological services<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Catalogues are short relative to recurrence intervals of large events. Fault interactions and triggering are difficult to predict deterministically.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nexus\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" data-variant=\"stack\" data-nx-duo=\"true\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-sec-nexus-h\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-1-tab-4\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Risk and response<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-sec-nexus-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Coupled risk, applied response.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede nx-nduo-lede\" data-lede=\"The sectors {s} touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.\">The sectors coastal <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-h11\" data-tc=\"NHS-1 water.coastal.storm-surge\" data-tk=\"Water systems \u00b7 Coastal and sea-level hazards\" data-td=\"Sea level pushed above the tide by storm wind and low pressure, flooding the coast.\" data-ts=\"NRS-H11\" data-tr=\"draft\">storm surge<\/a> touches and how strongly they depend on each other: what a study has to observe and model together.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-nduo\" data-active=\"sig\" data-compose=\"pair\"><div class=\"nx-nduo-seg\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Show\" hidden><button type=\"button\" data-nduo=\"sig\" aria-pressed=\"true\">A \u00b7 Risk<\/button><button type=\"button\" data-nduo=\"phex\" aria-pressed=\"false\">B \u00b7 Response<\/button><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-ctx\"><p class=\"nx-nduo-ctxk\">Choose a context<\/p><div class=\"nx-nsig-strip\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Signatures in context\" hidden><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-pair\"><figure class=\"nx-nsig nx-nduo-fig\" data-nx-sig=\"WEIHB\" data-sig-ctx=\"storm-surge\" data-sig-name=\"Coastal storm surge\" data-sig-line=\"Mangroves and dunes absorb the surge; where they are gone, ports, substations and water intakes take it.\" data-sig-inst=\"The Global Centre for Risk and Innovation\" data-nduo-pane=\"sig\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span><b class=\"nx-nduo-ab\">A<\/b>Coupled risk across six sectors<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">10 \/ 15 relations<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Sector signature hexagon: Water, Energy, Infrastructure, Health and Biodiversity selected, 10 of 15 relations in play, coupling 0.64. Teaching values.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"tZfJkqNGEIZfJaMi5qbMrgVKKELo4AhvB599xoKWiGbpAMaW\/CJ+FN\/tF3NkoqV7BC3EjC8SUJXL\/2WSwDrNntvNuknSPCl+5L+s6iBPY1UdsGrzHe4UbA+xCvUnBdvj6aCJlQ8\/qc267epXqJ+f26yLlVawLZK2fWOs1dMXm8ztJsObnt7nsFk\/9antvtze5NWuVZA0eYL7PE2zKlZd8zlTm\/VrXRx3dXVjsYPzYZq0ewWvdV51baz0An0EYUSrBbqgP3AB6IWPAM9neF7nLGdEMC4AY\/wC\/VL+\/RL0gi\/i6QxPqx\/6f+fSag1m6cgu0FwO+UgveAmvF\/C6jd1v82ZbZHez54Lrvtxaim1DK9kl3f5L4y7fvihIY\/WLDS3owmjQJRpDAVhPDgKgsMSIDNiQPDhaUVSi0bQEG9ASHEVgyJZoHDmwjgJwtARDvkQT8i5DK4hoCWGJ1oFZkgFHFiwFJZoVm4t3WoGlZYnWkAfj+YQvshFZME5O2bkt0QYUgjFkIGTXJdqIQuAEjOTIVzxZCPvkOEm5sgQHFLEIOV2RpRACOY7QkgcNRsupEwR4Wg7JMwK82Aa0FAZ49e4oEAZ4TcHQShjgKUvWjtbhRQcrFwZ4UWu8EMALD1YuDPBKzbCfgEI8ceWwjAAv6EP26cXoVB8nAPBUQLICAKW8luMxAim+CBcErL\/kFAWAoxVSVIpsAeDYgmwpqkW\/EyK+FNEiP2L1pXW9dlbBCkSyiLe0Yu2laGbtbEirUgT30sWvLUWvKBfZ5Umv8ObApcgN+5w4t7LXixRx6qXIJYsUYsAnEUjB0ehSGp1l92vc5xGZsx13ufT7xS83uTl1Wx+ae1y6vc9Nmtw6OOcuHS69ftbHDc6Nctbf97eTbjox4vaWRu8Zyu3Vt3kPmZtbuvxcBwd9i\/d14mbxtAIuogzo3cAw3u7rJm3VZl3kVXa7eJkrdaUgTboEX2SkHIz8HU2seJgpONhYyahScLSxknkFbdfULxn+kafdPlaWlp7zeCCSuR9pMFAQjAe6ercj3nXv2d56Ng\/m70Yi4NcIGIwUTIj0jYoS9qHOjs3Z8f3COLKTCuM\/iPDtirP8IMrdAhn7YLRoYrShIhkKoincVjcx\/gdsRo9HuYvNRo9GM9OiDWPzk9rNvB8EU+9SM8m3u+8bzTeoymkA4DxQkT4\/IYZeEfmltn9F1DxZCnEH8r4KVn41usBTIEdW6z\/Z282zpn1Nmhd+1gw+ifZ5N7q2zaoua4a\/GZps293sfy2SLlNwYL0uUHCMFQaBgnMj+kjBPst3+y5WUaSgOfAIfdqsu+xw660ST1rceLX59y9Lxq2feO+IRffGwmm1ScrXIn\/Ot0mX19XZclBqVacZcxhcuJS+zYpT7XMOM\/ZhsE+K+t3XQP9gaKQvRz8nnpsRm2jcJq27ESM9hrVIfntDCW2gFfA+TCp+K4lVmadpkanNr0mXNR\/h7rbvHIXRmCP452\/Q5i7\/YcxmAubTjSYEzAOoB+2m4B40vIvcaku+p2V4+r2j1XZJ06nN91XW7I4TsL9xtvIjvgS8nQnePgZ+Jve52OdQN3YE+s\/Vc5O0XfN5231usofgGxeN+BT47i78K3A3faDMmCdzxsmj08SGY8Pkh7pOJ88S6\/2YG4EazOzoYAJgnNnSOLencVZT40ddnVWp2vyUJUW3n8AcP2rm3pVQD2dSDx+kjnOx42zuOAv8wBAXXN\/ldZr\/njVt3h0f4387yXuHwt+\/5f+02\/wH\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-phex-apply nx-nsig-load\"><p class=\"nx-phex-aphd\"><span>Sectors \u00b7 <b class=\"nx-phex-apn\">Coastal storm surge<\/b><\/span><span>Stress<\/span><\/p><ol class=\"nx-phex-aps\"><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"0\" data-key=\"W\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">W<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Water<\/b> depends on infrastructure for pipes, dams and treatment works<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"4\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.36<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"1\" data-key=\"E\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">E<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Energy<\/b> depends on water for cooling water and hydropower<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"3\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.28<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"2\" data-key=\"I\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">I<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Infrastructure<\/b> first hit, then depends on energy for power for transport and telecoms<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.79<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap\" data-k=\"3\" data-key=\"F\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">F<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Food<\/b> outside this context<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">\u2013<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"4\" data-key=\"H\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">H<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Health<\/b> depends on water for drinking water and sanitation<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"4\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.37<\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"5\" data-key=\"B\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">B<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Biodiversity<\/b> first hit, then depends on water for environmental flows<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\"><span class=\"nx-nsig-bar\" data-v=\"8\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i><\/i><\/span>0.75<\/span><\/button><\/li><\/ol><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Illustrative: a teaching cascade over teaching values, not measurements.<\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"nx-nduo-bridge\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-nduo-bridge-l\">applied to<\/span><span class=\"nx-nduo-bridge-a\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/div><figure class=\"nx-nsig nx-phex nx-nduo-fig\" data-nx-phex=\"01234\" data-phex-ctx=\"whole\" data-phex=\"{&quot;S&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;L&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Labs&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Experiments&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-labs\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Turns open questions into designed experiments&quot;,&quot;Prototypes new methods, data pipelines and tools&quot;,&quot;Records failures and limits alongside results&quot;,&quot;Hands reproducible prototypes to the Foundry&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;F&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Foundry&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Builds&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-foundry\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Builds the cycle's software, data and environments&quot;,&quot;Simulates scenarios and runs benchmarks&quot;,&quot;Monitors hazards, systems and evidence&quot;,&quot;Develops and tracks the National Portfolio&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;U&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Universe&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Convenes and tests&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/programmes\/nexus-universe\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/universe.nexus\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Sets the annual mandate and admits missions&quot;,&quot;Runs readiness, the controlled build and Action Week&quot;,&quot;Stands down temporary capacity and seals evidence&quot;,&quot;Reviews the year and renews the mandate&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;S&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Standards&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Nexus Standards&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Codify and correct&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Identifies every artefact with a UNI&quot;,&quot;Routes work to the standards that apply&quot;,&quot;Validates and monitors conformance evidence&quot;,&quot;Takes cycle findings as change proposals&quot;,&quot;Records national adoption&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;R&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Reports&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Publishes&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-cycle\/publish\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes four editions a year, with Q4 as the annual flagship&quot;,&quot;Maintains country and regional profiles&quot;,&quot;Publishes exponential technology streams&quot;,&quot;Records corrections and method changes&quot;]},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;academy&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;A&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Academy&quot;,&quot;full&quot;:&quot;Risk Academy&quot;,&quot;verb&quot;:&quot;Teaches&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/&quot;,&quot;home&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/&quot;,&quot;does&quot;:[&quot;Publishes a course for every system, standard and programme role&quot;,&quot;Assesses learning on real cycle tasks&quot;,&quot;Issues microcredentials and achievements through accountable issuers&quot;,&quot;Feeds qualified people into the next cycle&quot;]}],&quot;H&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F01&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Admitted mission becomes a cycle project with a decision case&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F02&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Core Build Report and go or no-go evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F03&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Sealed observations and indicator series behind a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F04&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;After-action and scenario findings for chapters 10 and 13&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F05&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;National Portfolio movement for chapter 11&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F06&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Method and correction findings as change proposals&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F07&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Docket items that need a standard or a profile&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F08&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Composed mission profiles and national adoption records&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F09&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each adopted standard or profile becomes a course module&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F10&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:2,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F11&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Qualified participants for the next cycle's roles&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F12&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:2,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Q4 synthesis informs the next-year mandate&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F13&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:3,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Validation and monitoring evidence for conformance review&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;F14&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:1,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a learning-by-doing course&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R1&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:3,&quot;t&quot;:4,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Applied in editions&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R2&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:4,&quot;t&quot;:5,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Taught in the open&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R3&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:5,&quot;t&quot;:0,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Questions become experiments&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;R4&quot;,&quot;f&quot;:0,&quot;t&quot;:1,&quot;ph&quot;:null,&quot;art&quot;:&quot;Tested prototypes are built&quot;}],&quot;PH&quot;:[[&quot;PLANNING&quot;,&quot;Planning&quot;],[&quot;READINESS_PREPARATION&quot;,&quot;Readiness preparation&quot;],[&quot;CONTROLLED_BUILD&quot;,&quot;Controlled build&quot;],[&quot;CLOSEOUT&quot;,&quot;Closeout&quot;],[&quot;AFTER_ACTION_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;After-action review&quot;],[&quot;CORRECTION&quot;,&quot;Correction&quot;],[&quot;DOCKET_REVIEW&quot;,&quot;Docket review&quot;],[&quot;RENEWAL&quot;,&quot;Renewal&quot;]],&quot;L&quot;:[[1,3],[1,2],[2,5],[2,4],[1,5,2],[1,4,3],[1,4,2],[1,2,3],[2,3,5],[1,5,2,3],[1,4,2,3],[1,3,5,2],[1,2,4,3],[2,4,3,5],[1,5,2,4,3],[1,4,3,5,2],[0,1,2,3,4,5]],&quot;CTX&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;whole&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;The whole programme&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3,4,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Every pillar hands its work to another; together they close the year's feedback loops.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;practice&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;From prototype to practice&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[0,1,2,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;A Labs prototype is built in the Foundry, tested in a Universe mission and codified as a standard.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;build-test&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Build and test&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;The Foundry builds what a mission needs; Universe returns the go or no-go evidence.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;conformance&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Conformance&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Validation evidence goes to Standards for review; composed profiles come back for the next build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;correction&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;A finding becomes a correction&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,4,3],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Observations are published, a method finding becomes a change proposal, the corrected profile returns to the build.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;mandate&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Setting the next mandate&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,4],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;After-action findings go into the editions; the Q4 synthesis informs next year's mandate.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;people&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;People for the next cycle&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Assessed cycle tasks become completion evidence; qualified participants take roles in the next cycle.&quot;},{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;learning&quot;,&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Learning by doing&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:[1,2,5],&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Each system's rooms become a course; learners join missions, and missions return to the Foundry.&quot;}],&quot;AP&quot;:{&quot;urban-flood&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;warn30&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;30%&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;less damage with 24 hours' warning of a storm or heatwave&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;With 24 hours' warning of a coming storm or heatwave&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Flood-depth nowcast from rain gauges and terrain&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Warning lead time&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;30%&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;City twin links substations, pumps and clinics to flood depth&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Lifelines modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Exercise: keep water and power running through a 1-in-100 flood&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours to restore&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared asset records so utilities exchange outage data&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Agencies sharing records&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;City flood profile of exposed lifelines&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Assets profiled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;I&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for utility and emergency operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Urban flood&quot;},&quot;hydropower&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Inflow forecasts and sediment models for the reservoir&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Forecast skill&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Basin twin trades power, flood storage and river flows&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Release options tested&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Release-rule exercise with operators and downstream users&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Users at the table&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WE&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Common records for releases, flows and fish passage&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Flow records shared&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Basin profile: storage, output and river health&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Basin indicators&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course on multi-purpose reservoir operation&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WE&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Hydropower reservoir&quot;},&quot;drought&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[null,{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;adapt71&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;net benefits&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;From $1.8T invested in five adaptation areas from 2020 to 2030, water management among them&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;},null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;adapt71&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;net benefits&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;From $1.8T invested in five adaptation areas from 2020 to 2030, water management among them&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Drought index from rainfall, soil moisture and river flow&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Lead time to trigger&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WF&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Allocation model for irrigation, cooling and drinking water&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Demand met in drought&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$7.1T&quot;},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Early-action exercise with water and agriculture ministries&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Days from trigger to 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qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WFB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Drought&quot;},&quot;heatwave&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;,&quot;academy&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[null,null,{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;heat&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;deaths avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Estimated after Ahmedabad's heat action plan, the first in South Asia&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Hess et al., J. Environ. Public Health, 2018&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7973519&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;heat&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;deaths avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Estimated after Ahmedabad's heat action plan, the first in South Asia&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Hess et al., J. Environ. Public Health, 2018&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7973519&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Heat-health thresholds from temperature and admissions&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Threshold accuracy&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;H&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Grid peak and river temperature model for the heat season&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Peak hours foreseen&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WE&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Heat action plan exercise with health and grid operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Alert-to-action hours&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;1,190&quot;},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared heat-alert levels and response records&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Agencies on one 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least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Cascade model of what fails when the grid does&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Dependencies mapped&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Twin of backup fuel, water treatment and cold chains&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours of autonomy&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Black-start exercise across utilities and hospitals&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hours to restore&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Interdependency records shared by operators&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Operators 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on a Global Health Risk Framework, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/21891&quot;},null,null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;ghrf&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$60B+&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;expected losses a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Expected annual cost of pandemics, against about $4.5B a year to prepare&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/21891&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Workforce-absence scenarios for essential services&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Scenarios tested&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Continuity board for clinics, grid and logistics&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Services monitored&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Continuity exercise across health, energy and food&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Services kept running&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$60B+&quot;},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared surveillance and continuity records&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Days to share data&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;H&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;After-action findings on essential services&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Findings acted on&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;EIFH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for continuity managers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Managers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Pandemic&quot;},&quot;pollinator&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;pollin&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$235\u2013577B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;crop output at risk a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Annual global crop output that depends on animal pollination&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;IPBES, Assessment report on pollinators, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.ipbes.net\/assessment-reports\/pollinators&quot;},null,null],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;pollin&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$235\u2013577B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;crop output at risk a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Annual global crop output that depends on animal pollination&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;IPBES, Assessment report on pollinators, 2016&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/www.ipbes.net\/assessment-reports\/pollinators&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Maps of pollinators and the yields that depend on them&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Area mapped&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$235\u2013577B&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Yield and diet-quality model by crop&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Crops modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Landscape mission with farmers and conservation agencies&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Hectares in the mission&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Common biodiversity monitoring records&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Sites reporting&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;B&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Nature and nutrition profile&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Indicators tracked&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FHB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course on nature-dependent farming&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Advisers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;FB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Pollinator decline&quot;},&quot;storm-surge&quot;:{&quot;lead&quot;:[&quot;labs&quot;,&quot;foundry&quot;,&quot;universe&quot;,&quot;standards&quot;,&quot;reports&quot;],&quot;slots&quot;:[{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;disrupt&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;risk&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;At least, by households and firms in low- and middle-income countries to infrastructure disruptions&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;mangrove&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;avoid&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;$80B&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;flood losses avoided a year&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Coastal flood losses that mangroves already prevent worldwide&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/&quot;}],&quot;head&quot;:{&quot;key&quot;:&quot;roi4&quot;,&quot;slot&quot;:&quot;ret&quot;,&quot;v&quot;:&quot;4 : 1&quot;,&quot;k&quot;:&quot;benefit to cost&quot;,&quot;t&quot;:&quot;Net benefit of more resilient infrastructure in developing countries, over the life of the assets&quot;,&quot;s&quot;:&quot;World Bank, Lifelines, 2019&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805&quot;},&quot;P&quot;:{&quot;labs&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Surge model with mangrove and dune buffers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Coast modelled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$80B&quot;},&quot;foundry&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Coastal twin of ports, substations and water intakes&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Assets in the twin&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;WEI&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;universe&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Evacuation and port-recovery exercise&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Days to reopen port&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;down&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;standards&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Shared records for coastal assets and defences&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Defences recorded&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null},&quot;reports&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Coastal risk profile, built and natural defences&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Coast profiled&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IB&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:&quot;$390B&quot;},&quot;academy&quot;:{&quot;how&quot;:&quot;Course for port and coastal managers&quot;,&quot;kpi&quot;:&quot;Managers qualified&quot;,&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;up&quot;,&quot;sec&quot;:&quot;IH&quot;,&quot;bench&quot;:null}},&quot;n&quot;:&quot;Coastal storm surge&quot;}}}\" data-phex-applied=\"storm-surge\" data-nduo-pane=\"phex\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-stage\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-top\"><span><b class=\"nx-nduo-ab\">B<\/b>Applied response across six pillars<\/span><span class=\"nx-nsig-pairs\">12 \/ 18 handoffs<\/span><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-tilt\"><svg class=\"nx-nsig-svg\" viewBox=\"-370 -290 740 580\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"The six pillars of the Consortium's programme: 12 of 18 handoffs in play, 8 feedback loops closed.\" focusable=\"false\" data-nx-z=\"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\"><\/svg><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-phex-apply\"><p class=\"nx-phex-aphd\"><span>Pillars \u00b7 <b class=\"nx-phex-apn\">Coastal storm surge<\/b><\/span><span>KPI<\/span><\/p><ol class=\"nx-phex-aps\"><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"0\" data-sec=\"IB\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">L<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Labs<\/b> Surge model with mangrove and dune buffers<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Coast modelled <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><em class=\"nx-phex-bench\">$80B<\/em><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"1\" data-sec=\"WEI\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">F<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Foundry<\/b> Coastal twin of ports, substations and water intakes<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Assets in the twin <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"2\" data-sec=\"IH\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">U<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Universe<\/b> Evacuation and port-recovery exercise<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Days to reopen port <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"lower is better\">\u2193<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"3\" data-sec=\"IB\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">S<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Standards<\/b> Shared records for coastal assets and defences<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Defences recorded <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap nx-phex-lead\" data-k=\"4\" data-sec=\"IB\" aria-pressed=\"true\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">R<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Reports<\/b> Coastal risk profile, built and natural defences<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Coast profiled <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><em class=\"nx-phex-bench\">$390B<\/em><\/span><\/button><\/li><li><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-phex-ap\" data-k=\"5\" data-sec=\"IH\" aria-pressed=\"false\"><span class=\"nx-phex-apl\">A<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-aph\"><b>Academy<\/b> Course for port and coastal managers<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-apk\">Managers qualified <span class=\"nx-phex-dir\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"higher is better\">\u2191<\/span><\/span><\/button><\/li><\/ol><\/div><figcaption class=\"nx-nsig-note\">Illustrative applications; the values are published benchmarks, cited in the readout.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><p class=\"nx-nduo-legend\"><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k1\"><\/i>In this context<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k2\"><\/i>Dependence or handoff, heavier is stronger<\/span><span><i class=\"nx-nduo-k3\"><\/i>Outside this context<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-nduo-tlw\" data-phex-for=\"nx-sec-nexus-phex\"><div class=\"nx-phex-phase nx-nduo-tl\" data-phex-tl=\"true\" hidden><p class=\"nx-phex-phh\"><span class=\"nx-phex-phk\">Programme year<\/span><span class=\"nx-phex-pn\">All phases<\/span><\/p><div class=\"nx-phex-steps\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Phases of the programme year\"><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"play\">Play the year<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"allph\">All phases<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nduo-read\"><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\" data-for=\"sig\"><div><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Context<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Coastal storm surge<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\">Mangroves and dunes absorb the surge; where they are gone, ports, substations and water intakes take it.<\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>W<\/span> \u00b7 <span>E<\/span> \u00b7 <span>I<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>H<\/span> \u00b7 <span>B<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Risk<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Sectors<\/dt><dd><strong>5<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Relations<\/dt><dd><strong>10<\/strong> <small>of 15<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Coupling<\/dt><dd><strong>0.64<\/strong> <small>share of total<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><p class=\"nx-nduo-live\" hidden><\/p><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-hint\">Hover a corner, a line or a row to trace it across both sides.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"all\">Select all<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-sig-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-sig-act=\"copy\">Copy brief<\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-read\" data-for=\"phex\"><div class=\"nx-phex-rhead\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-k\">Route<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-name\">Applied to coastal storm surge<\/p><p class=\"nx-nsig-line\"><\/p><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-code nx-phex-rhead\" aria-live=\"polite\"><span>L<\/span> \u00b7 <span>F<\/span> \u00b7 <span>U<\/span> \u00b7 <span>S<\/span> \u00b7 <span>R<\/span> \u00b7 <span class=\"nx-nsig-off\">A<\/span><\/p><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Response<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nsig-stats\"><div><dt>Pillars<\/dt><dd><strong>5<\/strong> <small>of 6<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Handoffs<\/dt><dd><strong>12<\/strong> <small>of 18<\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Loops<\/dt><dd><strong>8<\/strong> <small>closed<\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><p class=\"nx-nduo-grp\">Expected value<\/p><dl class=\"nx-nduo-vals\"><div><dt>What is at stake<\/dt><dd><strong>$390B<\/strong><span>a year at least, in infrastructure disruption costs to households and firms in low- and middle-income countries<\/span><small><a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">World Bank, Lifelines, 2019<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Return on resilience<\/dt><dd><strong>4 : 1<\/strong><span>benefit to cost<\/span><small><a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/31805\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">World Bank, Lifelines, 2019<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><div><dt>Avoided loss<\/dt><dd><strong>$80B<\/strong><span>flood losses avoided a year<\/span><small><a href=\"https:\/\/gca.org\/reports\/adapt-now-a-global-call-for-leadership-on-climate-resilience\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Global Commission on Adaptation, Adapt Now, 2019<\/a><\/small><\/dd><\/div><\/dl><div class=\"nx-nsig-detail\"><p class=\"nx-nsig-hint\">Hover a pillar, a line or a row to read how it is applied.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-nsig-actions\" data-phex-acts=\"true\" data-phex-acts-off=\"true\" hidden><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"all\">Whole ring<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn\" data-phex-act=\"clear\">Clear<\/button><button type=\"button\" class=\"nx-nsig-btn nx-nsig-pri\" data-phex-act=\"copy\">Copy route<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><p class=\"nx-nsig-note\">A: a teaching cascade (shock 0.6, gain 0.35, four rounds) over teaching values for a typical city-region, not measurements. B: illustrative applications and the KPI each pillar answers for; values are published benchmarks, cited, not forecasts. Open events: NASA EONET, live.<\/p><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-band=\"auto\" data-band-id=\"nx-band-2\" data-tone=\"alt\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-label=\"Connections, Methods and evidence, Stewardship\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-hm-band nx-band\" data-nx-tabs=\"true\" data-active=\"p1\"><div class=\"nx-tablist nx-hm-tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Connections, Methods and evidence, Stewardship\"><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-connections\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-key=\"p1\">Connections<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-audience\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p2\">Methods and evidence<\/button><button class=\"nx-tab\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\" aria-controls=\"nx-sec-stewardship\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-key=\"p3\">Stewardship<\/button><\/div><section id=\"nx-sec-connections\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-variant=\"split\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-1\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">08<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connections<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-7\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Topics that rely on this method.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-list\" data-nav=\"true\"><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/topics\/sea-level-and-coastal-flood\/\"><span>Sea level and coastal flood<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/topics\/island-resilience\/\"><span>Island resilience<\/span><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-audience\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-2\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">09<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Methods and evidence<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-8\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How coastal geoscience is modelled, measured and tested.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">The model, its assumptions, its data and its uncertainty, in the form a scientist or engineer would check. Structures follow published methods. The values drawn are illustrative, not findings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-au\" data-au-voice=\"science\" data-au-n=\"1\"><figure class=\"nx-au-c\" data-au-fig=\"eo-chain\"><h3 class=\"nx-h4\">Earth observation chain<\/h3><p class=\"nx-p nx-au-what\">How a satellite or sensor record becomes evidence on coastal geoscience, and where each step adds uncertainty.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-au-chain\"><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">01 \u00b7 Acquire<\/span><span>orbit, sensor and revisit<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: gaps from cloud and orbit<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">02 \u00b7 Calibrate<\/span><span>radiometric and geometric<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: sensor drift<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">03 \u00b7 Correct<\/span><span>atmosphere and terrain<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: aerosol and slope assumptions<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">04 \u00b7 Retrieve or classify<\/span><span>the variable or the class<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: model and training error<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">05 \u00b7 Validate<\/span><span>against ground truth<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: sample design and size<\/span><\/li><li><span class=\"nx-au-k\">06 \u00b7 Publish<\/span><span>with error bars and lineage<\/span><span class=\"nx-au-n\">Uncertainty: stated, never hidden<\/span><\/li><\/ol><figcaption class=\"nx-caption\"><span>Processing chain in the CEOS Analysis Ready Data sense; each step records its uncertainty before a figure is drawn. A generic structure, not results.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"nx-chips nx-au-fw\" aria-label=\"Frameworks cited\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">FAIR guiding principles \u00b7 GO FAIR and FORCE11<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">W3C PROV \u00b7 World Wide Web Consortium<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Guidance on consistent treatment of uncertainties \u00b7 IPCC<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">CEOS Analysis Ready Data \u00b7 Committee on Earth Observation Satellites<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-stewardship\" class=\"nx-section nx-band-panel\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-9\" role=\"tabpanel\" data-band-tab=\"nx-band-2-tab-3\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">10<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Stewardship<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-9\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Who maintains the method.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/climate-hazards\/\">Climate and Hazards<\/a> stewards earth and geophysical science for the Consortium and reviews how it is applied across platforms.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><p class=\"nx-p\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/geoscience\/\">Canonical page: Earth and geophysical science<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-10-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-10\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">11<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Process<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-10\" class=\"nx-section-title\">How the process runs.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-canvas-wrap\"><div class=\"nx-pe\" id=\"nx-pe-gis-chain\" data-nx-pe=\"nx-pe-gis-chain\" data-active=\"gis-chain\"><div class=\"nx-pe-shell\"><p class=\"nx-pe-eb\">Process<\/p><h2 class=\"nx-pe-title\">Coastal geoscience: Layers to published map<\/h2><p class=\"nx-pe-cap\">Layers enter with their rights, are aligned, analysed and checked for uncertainty, then released after public-safe review; a map is a governed spatial claim.<\/p><ol class=\"nx-pe-steps\"><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">01 Data<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">01<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Source layers with their rights<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Dataset \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s6\" data-tc=\"NXS-GRX\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Canonical data, provenance and risk\" data-ts=\"NRS-S6\">NXS-GRX<\/a> (canonical data, provenance and risk)<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Spatial views of The Global Risks Index (NXS-GRX) products sit under the boundary licence gate. Rights classification sets how a layer may be used.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">02 Harmonise<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">02<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Coordinate reference and boundary version<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record \u00b7 <a class=\"nx-link nx-term\" href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/standards\/nrs\/#nrs-s7\" data-tc=\"NXS-EOP\" data-tk=\"Nexus system\" data-td=\"Earth observation and digital twins\" data-ts=\"NRS-S7\">NXS-EOP<\/a> (earth observation and digital twins)<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The area of interest preserves its coordinate reference system, polygon validity and observation support. Boundary versions are kept.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">03<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Harmonise units, variables and time<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Step<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Unit metadata, conversion records and transformation logs are required. Alignment is an evidence event, not hidden preprocessing.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">03 Analyse and check<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">04<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Analyse with a recorded processing recipe<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Model \u00b7 GIS team<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">A processing recipe records parameters, calibration, inputs and output lineage. The analysis methods are named in each product&#8217;s own record.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">05<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Spatial uncertainty check<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Gate<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">Spatial uncertainty is recorded and affects downstream use. A high-uncertainty polygon may suit internal review, not public-safe release.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-lane\"><h3 class=\"nx-pe-lane-t\">04 Publish<\/h3><ol><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">06<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Spatial metadata bundle<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Record<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The bundle records boundary type, jurisdiction, geometry version, projection, resolution, source, time window, uncertainty and access class.<\/span><\/li><li class=\"nx-pe-step\"><span class=\"nx-pe-n\" translate=\"no\">07<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-st\">Public-safe release of the map<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-k\">Decision<\/span><span class=\"nx-pe-sm\">The output record names the redactions, uncertainty and public-safe reviewer. A map is a governed spatial claim, never merely a picture.<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"nx-pe-foot\"><span><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/standardization\/nexus-ecosystem\/iii.-infrastructure\/operations\/nexus-ecosystem-spatio-temporal-intelligence\" rel=\"noopener\">Spatio-temporal intelligence<\/a> \u00b7 Data protocols: semantic, jurisdictional and temporal intelligence \u00b7 NXS-EOP<\/span><span>Designed programme process, not a record of operation. No cycle has run and every programme is at service level R0. A gate is a programme decision, never a public-authority approval, certification or deployment authorisation. The pages cited are design doctrine.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-11-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"biodiversity\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-11\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">12<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Connected<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-11\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Where this page leads across the Consortium.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/climate-hazards\/stem\/geoscience\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Steward platform<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Geoscience for geohazards<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Climate and Hazards stewards this method.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-s-12-sec\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"water\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-s-12\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">13<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Questions<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-s-12\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Questions and answers.<\/h2><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><div class=\"nx-faq\"><details><summary>What are the limits of earth and geophysical science in this field?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Catalogues are short relative to recurrence intervals of large events. Fault interactions and triggering are difficult to predict deterministically.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>How are results checked?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">Hazard models are tested against historical and paleoseismic catalogues and observed ground motions. Deformation estimates are cross-checked between independent geodetic techniques.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Are the values on this page real?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The data names, roles and checks are real descriptions of practice. The canvas shows a design of the method&#8217;s use, not a run; no result is reported here.<\/div><\/details><details><summary>Where else is this method applied?<\/summary><div class=\"nx-answer\">The <a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/stem\/science\/geoscience\/\">canonical method page<\/a> lists every platform that applies it.<\/div><\/details><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section id=\"nx-sec-nr-gateway\" class=\"nx-section\" data-hue=\"climate\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><div class=\"nx-section-head\"><div class=\"nx-eyebrow-row\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-rule\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Contribute<\/span><\/div><h2 id=\"nx-nr-gateway-h\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Contribute evidence from this page.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\"><a class=\"nx-link\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/programme\/reports\">Reports<\/a> is the Consortium&#8217;s quarterly publication. What you know about this subject can become evidence, a case or a correction in the next edition, credited to you and published under CC BY 4.0 where it is your own work.<\/p><div class=\"nx-chips\"><span class=\"nx-chip\">GCRI<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Oceans and Coasts<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Global Sector Risk and Resilience<\/span><span class=\"nx-chip\">Observatory Signal<\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nx-section-body\"><ul class=\"nx-dest\"><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/write-to-us\/contact\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Email<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Gateway GW-GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Send it from this page<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Evidence, a correction, a case, a method, a review, a translation or profile input. It arrives tagged with this page, so the editor who owns it receives it.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/open-science\/#nx-sec-zenodo\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Zenodo<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">Open deposit<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">Deposit it and submit to the community<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">Publish your own record on Zenodo with your ORCID iD, then submit it to the Reports community there. Curators review it; the DOI stays yours.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"nx-dest-card\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/nexus-reports\/contribute\/\"><span class=\"nx-dest-top\"><span class=\"nx-dest-rel\">Reports<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-host\">GCRI<\/span><\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-title\">See every way to contribute<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-why\">The contribution types, how each is reviewed, what credit you receive, the licence and what is never accepted.<\/span><span class=\"nx-dest-go\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"nx-live-slot\" data-nxf-slot=\"contribute\" data-nxf-kind=\"workflow\" data-nxf-resource=\"nexus:\/\/gcri\/oceans-coasts\/stem\/geoscience#contribute\" data-nxf-title=\"Contribute evidence\" data-nxf-height=\"480\" hidden><\/div><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Never send personal data, sensitive infrastructure detail or anything you have no right to share. A contribution is reviewed before use; sending it confers no authorship or editorial rights, and sponsorship never buys a finding.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section nx-deeper-band\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-stem-geoscience-h\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><nav class=\"nx-deeper\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-stem-geoscience-h\" data-nx-deeper=\"3\" data-nx-resources=\"1 1 1\"><h2 class=\"nx-deeper-h\" id=\"nx-deeper-therisk-global-oceans-coasts-stem-geoscience-h\">Go deeper<\/h2><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.therisk.global\/organization\/model\/scenarios\/storm-surge\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Documentation:<\/span> Coastal storm surge<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/risksacademy.com\/earth-environment\/oceans-coasts\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Academy:<\/span> Oceans and coasts<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/nexustandards.com\/climate\/climate-risk-standards\/\" data-ext><span class=\"nx-deeper-k\">Standards:<\/span> Climate risk standards<span class=\"nx-deeper-x\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span><span class=\"nx-deeper-sr\"> (opens another site)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-closing\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-close-13\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Oceans and Coasts<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-close-13\" class=\"nx-section-title\">Bring a method, a dataset or a question.<\/h2><p class=\"nx-lede\">Information and enquiries are open today. An enquiry receives a reference and names the next step; applications, payments, compute allocations and registrations open only when their team, terms and review capacity exist.<\/p><div class=\"nx-actions\"><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"primary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/write-to-us\/research-collaboration\/\">Propose a method <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a class=\"nx-btn\" data-variant=\"secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/oceans-coasts\/contact\/\">See all contact routes<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"nx-section\" data-tone=\"alt\" aria-labelledby=\"nx-legal-14\"><div class=\"nx-container\"><span class=\"nx-eyebrow\">Legal<\/span><h2 id=\"nx-legal-14\" class=\"nx-h3 nx-mt-2\">Legal documents.<\/h2><nav class=\"nx-related nx-mt-3\" aria-label=\"Legal documents\"><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/terms\/\">Platform Terms of Use <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/privacy\/\">Platform Privacy Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/cookies\/\">Platform Cookie and Storage Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/legal-notice\/\">Legal Notice <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/acceptable-use\/\">Acceptable Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/participation-terms\/\">Participation and Events Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/contribution-terms\/\">Contribution Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/research-and-data-terms\/\">Research and Data Terms <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/ai-use\/\">AI-use Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/intellectual-property\/\">Intellectual Property and Licensing <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/trademark-policy\/\">Trademark and Name Use Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/disclaimer\/\">Disclaimers and Data Notices <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/corrections\/\">Corrections and Right of Reply Policy <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/complaints-and-integrity\/\">Complaints and integrity reporting <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/security\/\">Security and responsible disclosure <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/code-of-conduct\/\">Code of Conduct <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/trust\/accessibility\/\">Accessibility Statement <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/therisk.global\/legal\/third-party-notices\/\">Third-party notices and attributions <svg class=\"nx-arrow\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M3 8h10M9 4l4 4-4 4\"\/><\/svg><\/a><\/nav><p class=\"nx-note nx-mt-3\">Maps, data and figures on this site are shown for context and general information. 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